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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>printf, <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>fprintf, <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>sprintf, <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>snprintf</h1>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../../regex.html" title="cpp/regex"> Regular expressions library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../../atomic.html" title="cpp/atomic"> Atomic operations library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../manip.html" title="cpp/io/manip"> I/O manipulators</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../c.html" title="cpp/io/c"> C-style I/O</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Buffers </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_streambuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_filebuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic filebuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_filebuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_stringbuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic stringbuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_stringbuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../strstreambuf.html" title="cpp/io/strstreambuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>strstreambuf</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(deprecated)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Streams </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Abstractions </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../ios_base.html" title="cpp/io/ios base"><span class="t-lines"><span>ios_base</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_ios.html" title="cpp/io/basic ios"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ios</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_istream.html" title="cpp/io/basic istream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_istream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_ostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ostream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_iostream.html" title="cpp/io/basic iostream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_iostream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> File I/O </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_ifstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ifstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ifstream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_ofstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ofstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ofstream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_fstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic fstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_fstream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> String I/O </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_istringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic istringstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_istringstream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_ostringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostringstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_ostringstream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../basic_stringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic stringstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>basic_stringstream</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Array I/O </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../istrstream.html" title="cpp/io/istrstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>istrstream</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(deprecated)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../ostrstream.html" title="cpp/io/ostrstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>ostrstream</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(deprecated)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../strstream.html" title="cpp/io/strstream"><span class="t-lines"><span>strstream</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark">(deprecated)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Types </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../streamoff.html" title="cpp/io/streamoff"><span class="t-lines"><span>streamoff</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../streamsize.html" title="cpp/io/streamsize"><span class="t-lines"><span>streamsize</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../fpos.html" title="cpp/io/fpos"><span class="t-lines"><span>fpos</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Error category interface </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../iostream_category.html" title="cpp/io/iostream category"><span class="t-lines"><span>iostream_category</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../io_errc.html" title="cpp/io/io errc"><span class="t-lines"><span>io_errc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../c.html" title="cpp/io/c"> C-style I/O</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Functions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> File access</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fopen.html" title="cpp/io/c/fopen"><span class="t-lines"><span>fopen</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="freopen.html" title="cpp/io/c/freopen"><span class="t-lines"><span>freopen</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fclose.html" title="cpp/io/c/fclose"><span class="t-lines"><span>fclose</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fflush.html" title="cpp/io/c/fflush"><span class="t-lines"><span>fflush</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fwide.html" title="cpp/io/c/fwide"><span class="t-lines"><span>fwide</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setbuf.html" title="cpp/io/c/setbuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>setbuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="setvbuf.html" title="cpp/io/c/setvbuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>setvbuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Direct input/output</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fread.html" title="cpp/io/c/fread"><span class="t-lines"><span>fread</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fwrite.html" title="cpp/io/c/fwrite"><span class="t-lines"><span>fwrite</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Unformatted input/output</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fgetc.html" title="cpp/io/c/fgetc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fgets.html" title="cpp/io/c/fgets"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgets</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fputc.html" title="cpp/io/c/fputc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fputs.html" title="cpp/io/c/fputs"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputs</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="getchar.html" title="cpp/io/c/getchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>getchar</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="gets.html" title="cpp/io/c/gets"><span class="t-lines"><span>gets</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(until C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="putchar.html" title="cpp/io/c/putchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>putchar</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="puts.html" title="cpp/io/c/puts"><span class="t-lines"><span>puts</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ungetc.html" title="cpp/io/c/ungetc"><span class="t-lines"><span>ungetc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fgetwc.html" title="cpp/io/c/fgetwc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetwc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fgetws.html" title="cpp/io/c/fgetws"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetws</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fputwc.html" title="cpp/io/c/fputwc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputwc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fputws.html" title="cpp/io/c/fputws"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputws</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="getwchar.html" title="cpp/io/c/getwchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>getwchar</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="putwchar.html" title="cpp/io/c/putwchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>putwchar</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ungetwc.html" title="cpp/io/c/ungetwc"><span class="t-lines"><span>ungetwc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Formatted input/output</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="scanf.html" title="cpp/io/c/fscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>scanf</span><span>fscanf</span><span>sscanf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="vfscanf.html" title="cpp/io/c/vfscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vscanf</span><span>vfscanf</span><span>vsscanf</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>printf</span><span>fprintf</span><span>sprintf</span><span>snprintf</span></span></strong></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="vfprintf.html" title="cpp/io/c/vfprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vprintf</span><span>vfprintf</span><span>vsprintf</span><span>vsnprintf</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fwscanf.html" title="cpp/io/c/fwscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>wscanf</span><span>fwscanf</span><span>swscanf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="vfwscanf.html" title="cpp/io/c/vfwscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vwscanf</span><span>vfwscanf</span><span>vswscanf</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fwprintf.html" title="cpp/io/c/fwprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>wprintf</span><span>fwprintf</span><span>swprintf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="vfwprintf.html" title="cpp/io/c/vfwprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vwprintf</span><span>vfwprintf</span><span>vswprintf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> File positioning</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ftell.html" title="cpp/io/c/ftell"><span class="t-lines"><span>ftell</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fgetpos.html" title="cpp/io/c/fgetpos"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetpos</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fseek.html" title="cpp/io/c/fseek"><span class="t-lines"><span>fseek</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="fsetpos.html" title="cpp/io/c/fsetpos"><span class="t-lines"><span>fsetpos</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="rewind.html" title="cpp/io/c/rewind"><span class="t-lines"><span>rewind</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Error handling</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="clearerr.html" title="cpp/io/c/clearerr"><span class="t-lines"><span>clearerr</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="feof.html" title="cpp/io/c/feof"><span class="t-lines"><span>feof</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ferror.html" title="cpp/io/c/ferror"><span class="t-lines"><span>ferror</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="perror.html" title="cpp/io/c/perror"><span class="t-lines"><span>perror</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Operations on files</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="remove.html" title="cpp/io/c/remove"><span class="t-lines"><span>remove</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="rename.html" title="cpp/io/c/rename"><span class="t-lines"><span>rename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="tmpfile.html" title="cpp/io/c/tmpfile"><span class="t-lines"><span>tmpfile</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="tmpnam.html" title="cpp/io/c/tmpnam"><span class="t-lines"><span>tmpnam</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/c/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td> <div>Defined in header <code><a href="../../header/cstdio.html" title="cpp/header/cstdio"><cstdio></a></code>
</div></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span> printf<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> format, ... <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (1) </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span> fprintf<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="../c.html"><span class="kw1597">std::<span class="me2">FILE</span></span></a><span class="sy2">*</span> stream, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> format, ... <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (2) </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span> sprintf<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> buffer, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> format, ... <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (3) </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span> snprintf<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> buffer, <a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">std::<span class="me2">size_t</span></span></a> buf_size, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> format, ... <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (4) </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Loads the data from the given locations, converts them to character string equivalents and writes the results to a variety of sinks.
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> Writes the results to <span class="t-lc">stdout</span>.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> Writes the results to a file stream <code>stream</code>.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> Writes the results to a character string <code>buffer</code>.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> Writes the results to a character string <code>buffer</code>. At most <code>buf_size</code> - 1 characters are written. The resulting character string will be terminated with a null character, unless <code>buf_size</code> is zero. If <code>buf_size</code> is zero, nothing is written and <code>buffer</code> may be a null pointer, however the return value (number of bytes that would be written) is still calculated and returned.</div>
<p>If a call to <code>sprintf</code> or <code>snprintf</code> causes copying to take place between objects that overlap, the behavior is undefined.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="printf.html#Parameters"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Parameters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="printf.html#Return_value"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Return value</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="printf.html#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="printf.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="printf.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/c/fprintf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parameters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Parameters">Parameters</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">
<tr class="t-par">
<td> stream
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> output file stream to write to
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> buffer
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> pointer to a character string to write to
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> buf_size
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> up to buf_size - 1 characters may be written, plus the null terminator
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> format
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> pointer to a null-terminated multibyte string specifying how to interpret the data.
<p>The format string consists of ordinary multibyte characters (except <code><b>%</b></code>), which are copied unchanged into the output stream, and conversion specifications. Each conversion specification has the following format:
</p>
<dl><dd><ul><li> introductory <code><b>%</b></code> character
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> <span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> one or more flags that modify the behavior of the conversion:
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> <code><b>-</b></code>: the result of the conversion is left-justified within the field (by default it is right-justified)
</li><li> <code><b>+</b></code>: the sign of signed conversions is always prepended to the result of the conversion (by default the result is preceded by minus only when it is negative)
</li><li> <i>space</i>: if the result of a signed conversion does not start with a sign character, or is empty, space is prepended to the result. It is ignored if <code>+</code> flag is present.
</li><li> <code><b>#</b></code> : <i>alternative form</i> of the conversion is performed. See the table below for exact effects otherwise the behavior is undefined.
</li><li> <code><b>0</b></code> : for integer and floating point number conversions, leading zeros are used to pad the field instead of <i>space</i> characters. For integer numbers it is ignored if the precision is explicitly specified. For other conversions using this flag results in undefined behavior. It is ignored if <code>-</code> flag is present.
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> <span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> integer value or <code>*</code> that specifies minimum field width. The result is padded with <i>space</i> characters (by default), if required, on the left when right-justified, or on the right if left-justified. In the case when <code>*</code> is used, the width is specified by an additional argument of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>. If the value of the argument is negative, it results with the <code>-</code> flag specified and positive field width. (Note: This is the minimum width: The value is never truncated.)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> <span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>.</b></code> followed by integer number or <code><b>*</b></code>, or neither that specifies <i>precision</i> of the conversion. In the case when <code>*</code> is used, the <i>precision</i> is specified by an additional argument of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>. If the value of this argument is negative, it is ignored. If neither a number nor <code><b>*</b></code> is used, the precision is taken as zero. See the table below for exact effects of <i>precision</i>.
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> <span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <i>length modifier</i> that specifies the size of the argument
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> conversion format specifier
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>The following format specifiers are available:
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; max-width:90em;">
<tr>
<th rowspan="1"> Conversion<br /> specifier
</th>
<th rowspan="1"> Explanation
</th>
<th colspan="9"> Argument type
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> length modifier
</th>
<th> <code>hh</code>
</th>
<th> <code>h</code>
</th>
<th style="font-weight:normal;"> (none)
</th>
<th> <code><b>l</b></code>
</th>
<th> <code><b>ll</b></code>
</th>
<th> <code><b>j</b></code>
</th>
<th> <code><b>z</b></code>
</th>
<th> <code><b>t</b></code>
</th>
<th> <code><b>L</b></code>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>%</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;"> writes literal <code><b>%</b></code>. The full conversion specification must be <code><b>%%</b></code>.
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>c</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd> writes a <b>single character</b>.
</dd></dl>
<p>The argument is first converted to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span>.
If the <b>l</b> modifier is used, the argument is first converted to a character string as if by <b>%ls</b> with a <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> argument.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">wint_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>s</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd> writes a <b>character string</b>
</dd></dl>
<p>The argument must be a pointer to the initial element of an array of characters.
<i>Precision</i> specifies the maximum number of bytes to be written. If <i>Precision</i> is not specified, writes every byte up to and not including the first null terminator.
If the <b>l</b> specifier is used, the argument must be a pointer to the initial element of an array of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span></span></span>, which is converted to char array as if by a call to <span class="t-lc">wcrtomb</span> with zero-initialized conversion state.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>d</code><br /> <code>i</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts a <b>signed integer</b> into decimal representation <i>[-]dddd</i>.
</dd></dl>
<p><i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. The default precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span>.<br />
If both the converted value and the precision are <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> the conversion results in no characters.
</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">intmax_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div>signed <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">size_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="1"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ptrdiff_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>o</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts a <b>unsigned integer</b> into octal representation <i>oooo</i>.
</dd></dl>
<p><i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. The default precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span>.
If both the converted value and the precision are <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> the conversion results in no characters.
In the <i>alternative implementation</i> precision is increased if necessary, to write one leading zero.
In that case if both the converted value and the precision are <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span>, single <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> is written.
</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">short</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">uintmax_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">size_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"> <div class="t-vertical"><div>unsigned version of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ptrdiff_t</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>x</code><br /> <code>X</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts an <b>unsigned integer</b> into hexadecimal representation <i>hhhh</i>.
</dd></dl>
<p>For the <code><b>x</b></code> conversion letters <code>abcdef</code> are used.<br />
For the <code><b>X</b></code> conversion letters <code>ABCDEF</code> are used.<br />
<i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. The default precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span>.
If both the converted value and the precision are <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> the conversion results in no characters.
In the <i>alternative implementation</i> <code><b>0x</b></code> or <code><b>0X</b></code> is prefixed to results if the converted value is nonzero.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>u</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts an <b>unsigned integer</b> into decimal representation <i>dddd</i>.
</dd></dl>
<p><i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear.
The default precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span>.
If both the converted value and the precision are <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> the conversion results in no characters.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>f</code><br /> <code>F</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts <b>floating-point number</b> to the decimal notation in the style <i>[-]ddd.ddd</i>.
</dd></dl>
<p><i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear after the decimal point character.
The default precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">6</span></span></span>.
In the <i>alternative implementation</i> decimal point character is written even if no digits follow it.
For infinity and not-a-number conversion style see notes.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>e</code> <br /> <code>E</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts <b>floating-point number</b> to the decimal exponent notation.
</dd></dl>
<p>For the <code><b>e</b></code> conversion style <i>[-]d.ddd</i><code><b>e</b></code><i>±dd</i> is used.<br />
For the <code><b>E</b></code> conversion style <i>[-]d.ddd</i><code><b>E</b></code><i>±dd</i> is used.<br />
The exponent contains at least two digits, more digits are used only if necessary.
If the value is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span>, the exponent is also <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span>.
<i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear after the decimal point character.
The default precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">6</span></span></span>.
In the <i>alternative implementation</i> decimal point character is written even if no digits follow it.
For infinity and not-a-number conversion style see notes.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>a</code> <br /> <code>A</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts <b>floating-point number</b> to the hexadecimal exponent notation.
</dd></dl>
<p>For the <code><b>a</b></code> conversion style <i>[-]</i><code><b>0x</b></code><i>h.hhh</i><code><b>p</b></code><i>±d</i> is used.<br />
For the <code><b>A</b></code> conversion style <i>[-]</i><code><b>0X</b></code><i>h.hhh</i><code><b>P</b></code><i>±d</i> is used.<br />
The first hexadecimal digit is <code>0</code> if the argument is not a normalized floating point value.
If the value is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span>, the exponent is also <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span>.
<i>Precision</i> specifies the minimum number of digits to appear after the decimal point character.
The default precision is sufficient for exact representation of the value.
In the <i>alternative implementation</i> decimal point character is written even if no digits follow it.
For infinity and not-a-number conversion style see notes.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>g</code> <br /> <code>G</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>converts <b>floating-point number</b> to decimal or decimal exponent notation depending on the value and the <i>precision</i>.
</dd></dl>
<p>For the <code><b>g</b></code> conversion style conversion with style <code><b>e</b></code> or <code><b>f</b></code> will be performed.<br />
For the <code><b>G</b></code> conversion style conversion with style <code><b>E</b></code> or <code><b>F</b></code> will be performed.<br />
Let <code>P</code> equal the precision if nonzero, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">6</span></span></span> if the precision is not specified, or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> if the precision is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="nu0">0</span></span></span>. Then, if a conversion with style <code>E</code> would have an exponent of <code>X</code>:
</p>
<ul><li> if <i>P > X ≥ −4</i>, the conversion is with style <code><b>f</b></code> or <code><b>F</b></code> and precision <i>P − 1 − X</i>.
</li><li> otherwise, the conversion is with style <code><b>e</b></code> or <code><b>E</b></code> and precision <i>P − 1</i>.
</li></ul>
<p>Unless <i>alternative representation</i> is requested the trailing zeros are removed, also the decimal point character is removed if no fractional part is left.
For infinity and not-a-number conversion style see notes.
</p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>n</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;">
<dl><dd>returns the <b>number of characters written</b> so far by this call to the function.
</dd></dl>
<p>The result is <i>written</i> to the value pointed to by the argument.
The specification may not contain any <i>flag</i>, <i>field width</i>, or <i>precision</i>.
</p>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">signed</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">short</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">intmax_t<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div>signed <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">size_t<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> <div class="t-vertical"><div><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ptrdiff_t<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th> <code>p</code>
</th>
<td style="text-align:left;"> writes an implementation defined character sequence defining a <b>pointer</b>.
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The floating point conversion functions convert infinity to <code>inf</code> or <code>infinity</code>. Which one is used is implementation defined.
</p><p>Not-a-number is converted to <code>nan</code> or <code>nan(<i>char_sequence</i>)</code>. Which one is used is implementation defined.
</p><p>The conversions <code><b>F</b></code>, <code><b>E</b></code>, <code><b>G</b></code>, <code><b>A</b></code> output <code>INF</code>, <code>INFINITY</code>, <code>NAN</code> instead.
</p><p>Even though <code>%c</code> expects <code>int</code> argument, it is safe to pass a <code>char</code> because of the integer promotion that takes place when a variadic function is called.
</p><p>The correct conversion specifications for the fixed-width character types (<span class="t-lc">int8_t</span>, etc) are defined in the header <a href="../../types/integer.html" title="cpp/types/integer"><cinttypes></a>(C++) or <a href="../../../c/types/integer.html" title="c/types/integer"><inttypes.h></a> (C) (although <span class="t-lc">PRIdMAX</span>, <span class="t-lc">PRIuMAX</span>, etc is synonymous with <code>%jd</code>, <code>%ju</code>, etc).
</p><p>The memory-writing conversion specifier <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">%</span>n</span></span> is a common target of security exploits where format strings depend on user input and is not supported by the bounds-checked <code>printf_s</code> family of functions.
</p><p>If a conversion specification is invalid, the behavior is undefined.
</p><p><br />
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> ...
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> arguments specifying data to print. If any argument is not the type expected by the corresponding conversion specifier, or if there are fewer arguments than required by <code>format</code>, the behavior is undefined. If there are more arguments than required by <code>format</code>, the extraneous arguments are evaluated and ignored
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/c/fprintf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Return value">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Return_value">Return value</span></h3>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> Number of characters written if successful or a negative value if an error occurred.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> Number of characters written if successful (not including the terminating null character) or a negative value if an error occurred.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> Number of characters that would have been written for a sufficiently large buffer if successful (not including the terminating null character), or a negative value if an error occurred. Thus, the (null-terminated) output has been completely written if and only if the returned value is nonnegative and less than <code>buf_size</code>.</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/c/fprintf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fprintf.html">POSIX specifies</a> that <span class="t-lc">errno</span> is set on error.
</p><p>Calling <code>std::snprintf</code> with zero <code>buf_size</code> and null pointer for <code>buffer</code> is useful to determine the necessary buffer size to contain the output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>fmt <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"sqrt(2) = %f"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> sz <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">snprintf</span><span class="br0">(</span>nullptr, <span class="nu0">0</span>, fmt, <a href="../../numeric/math/sqrt.html"><span class="kw1140">std::<span class="me2">sqrt</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../../container/vector.html"><span class="kw1094">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span> buf<span class="br0">(</span>sz <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// note +1 for null terminator</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">snprintf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>buf<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span>, buf.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, fmt, <a href="../../numeric/math/sqrt.html"><span class="kw1140">std::<span class="me2">sqrt</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/c/fprintf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <cstdio></span>
<span class="co2">#include <limits></span>
<span class="co2">#include <cstdint></span>
<span class="co2">#include <cinttypes></span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Strings:<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> s <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"Hello"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\t</span>.%10s.<span class="es1">\n</span><span class="es1">\t</span>.%-10s.<span class="es1">\n</span><span class="es1">\t</span>.%*s.<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, s, s, <span class="nu0">10</span>, s<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Characters:<span class="es1">\t</span>%c %%<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">65</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Integers<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Decimal:<span class="es1">\t</span>%i %d %.6i %i %.0i %+i %u<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Hexadecimal:<span class="es1">\t</span>%x %x %X %#x<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Octal:<span class="es1">\t</span>%o %#o %#o<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Floating point<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Rounding:<span class="es1">\t</span>%f %.0f %.32f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span>, <span class="nu16">1.3</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Padding:<span class="es1">\t</span>%05.2f %.2f %5.2f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Scientific:<span class="es1">\t</span>%E %e<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Hexadecimal:<span class="es1">\t</span>%a %A<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span>, <span class="nu16">1.5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Special values:<span class="es1">\t</span>0/0=%g 1/0=%g<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">0</span>.<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>.<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Variable width control:<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"right-justified variable width: '%*c'<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">'x'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> r <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"left-justified variable width : '%*c'<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="st0">'x'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"(the last printf printed %d characters)<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, r<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// fixed-width types</span>
<a href="../../types/integer.html"><span class="kw122">std::<span class="me2">uint32_t</span></span></a> val <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="../../types/numeric_limits.1.html"><span class="kw344">std::<span class="me2">numeric_limits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="../../types/integer.html"><span class="kw122">std::<span class="me2">uint32_t</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">max</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">printf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Largest 32-bit value is %"</span> <a href="../../types/integer.html"><span class="kw206">PRIu32</span></a> <span class="st0">" or %#"</span> <a href="../../types/integer.html"><span class="kw234">PRIx32</span></a> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, val, val<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">Strings:
. Hello.
.Hello .
. Hello.
Characters: A %
Integers
Decimal: 1 2 000003 0 +4 4294967295
Hexadecimal: 5 a A 0x6
Octal: 12 012 04
Floating point
Rounding: 1.500000 2 1.30000000000000004440892098500626
Padding: 01.50 1.50 1.50
Scientific: 1.500000E+00 1.500000e+00
Hexadecimal: 0x1.8p+0 0X1.8P+0
Special values: 0/0=nan 1/0=inf
Variable width control:
right-justified variable width: ' x'
left-justified variable width : 'x '
(the last printf printed 40 characters)
Largest 32-bit value is 4294967295 or 0xffffffff</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io/c/fprintf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="fwprintf.html" title="cpp/io/c/fwprintf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>wprintf</span><span>fwprintf</span><span>swprintf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> prints formatted wide character output to <span class="t-lc">stdout</span>, a file stream or a buffer <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/c/dsc_fwprintf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="vfprintf.html" title="cpp/io/c/vfprintf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>vprintf</span><span>vfprintf</span><span>vsprintf</span><span>vsnprintf</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> prints formatted output to <span class="t-lc">stdout</span>, a file stream or a buffer<br /> using variable argument list <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/c/dsc_vfprintf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="fputs.html" title="cpp/io/c/fputs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fputs</span></span></a></div></div>
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<td> writes a character string to a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/c/dsc_fputs&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
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<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="scanf.html" title="cpp/io/c/fscanf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>scanf</span><span>fscanf</span><span>sscanf</span></span></a></div></div>
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<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see"><span><a href="../../../c/io/fprintf.html" title="c/io/fprintf">C documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>printf</span>, <span>fprintf</span>, <span>sprintf</span>, <span>snprintf</span></span></div>
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