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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="make_reverse_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/make reverse iterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>make_reverse_iterator</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="make_move_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/make move iterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>make_move_iterator</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="back_inserter.html" title="cpp/iterator/back inserter"><span class="t-lines"><span>back_inserter</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="front_inserter.html" title="cpp/iterator/front inserter"><span class="t-lines"><span>front_inserter</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="inserter.html" title="cpp/iterator/inserter"><span class="t-lines"><span>inserter</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Stream iterators</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="istream_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/istream iterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>istream_iterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ostream_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/ostream iterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>ostream_iterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="istreambuf_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/istreambuf iterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>istreambuf_iterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ostreambuf_iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/ostreambuf iterator"><span class="t-lines"><span>ostreambuf_iterator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Iterator operations</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="advance.html" title="cpp/iterator/advance"><span class="t-lines"><span>advance</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="distance.html" title="cpp/iterator/distance"><span class="t-lines"><span>distance</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="prev.html" title="cpp/iterator/prev"><span class="t-lines"><span>prev</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="next.html" title="cpp/iterator/next"><span class="t-lines"><span>next</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Range access</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="begin.html" title="cpp/iterator/begin"><span class="t-lines"><span>begin</span><span>cbegin</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="end.html" title="cpp/iterator/end"><span class="t-lines"><span>end</span><span>cend</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="rbegin.html" title="cpp/iterator/rbegin"><span class="t-lines"><span>rbegin</span><span>crbegin</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="rend.html" title="cpp/iterator/rend"><span class="t-lines"><span>rend</span><span>crend</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Container access</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="size.html" title="cpp/iterator/size"><span class="t-lines"><span>size</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="empty.html" title="cpp/iterator/empty"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="data.html" title="cpp/iterator/data"><span class="t-lines"><span>data</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td> <div>Defined in header <code><a href="../header/iterator.html" title="cpp/header/iterator"><iterator></a></code>
</div></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Iterator<span class="sy1">></span><br />
<span class="kw1">struct</span> iterator_traits<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
<span class="kw1">struct</span> iterator_traits<span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
<span class="kw1">struct</span> iterator_traits<span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><code>std::iterator_traits</code> is the type trait class that provides uniform interface to the properties of iterator types. This makes it possible to implement algorithms only in terms of iterators.
</p><p>The class defines the following types that correspond to the typedefs provided by <span class="t-lc">std::iterator</span>:
</p>
<ul><li> <code>difference_type</code> - a type that can be used to identify distance between iterators
</li><li> <code>value_type</code> - the type of the values that can be obtained by dereferencing the iterator. This type is <code>void</code> for output iterators.
</li><li> <code>pointer</code> - defines a pointer to the type iterated over (<code>value_type</code>)
</li><li> <code>reference</code> - defines a reference to the type iterated over (<code>value_type</code>)
</li><li> <code>iterator_category</code> - the category of the iterator. Must be one of <a href="iterator_tags.html" title="cpp/iterator/iterator tags">iterator category tags</a>.
</li></ul>
<p>The template can be specialized for user-defined iterators so that the information about the iterator can be retrieved even if the type does not provide the usual typedefs.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="iterator_traits.html#Template_parameters"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Template parameters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="iterator_traits.html#Member_types"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Member types</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="iterator_traits.html#Specializations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Specializations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="iterator_traits.html#T.2A_specialization_member_types"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">T* specialization member types</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="iterator_traits.html#const_T.2A_specialization_member_types"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">const T* specialization member types</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="iterator_traits.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="iterator_traits.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Template parameters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Template_parameters">Template parameters</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">
<tr class="t-par">
<td> Iterator
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> the iterator type to retrieve properties for
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Member types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Member_types">Member types</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
<td> Member type
</td>
<td> Definition
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>difference_type</code>
</td>
<td> <code>Iterator::difference_type</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>value_type</code>
</td>
<td> <code>Iterator::value_type</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>pointer</code>
</td>
<td> <code>Iterator::pointer</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>reference</code>
</td>
<td> <code>Iterator::reference</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>iterator_category</code>
</td>
<td> <code>Iterator::iterator_category</code>
</td></tr>
</table>
<table class="t-rev-begin">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx17"><td>
<p>If <code>Iterator</code> does not have the five member types <code>difference_type</code>, <code>value_type</code>, <code>pointer</code>, <code>reference</code>, and <code>iterator_category</code>, then this template has no member types (std::iterator_traits is SFINAE-friendly)
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specializations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Specializations">Specializations</span></h3>
<p>This type trait may be specialized for user-provided types that may be used as iterators. The standard library provides two partial specializations for pointer types T*, which makes it possible to use all iterator-based algorithms with raw pointers.
</p>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: T* specialization member types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="T.2A_specialization_member_types"><code>T*</code> specialization member types</span></h4>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
<td> Member type
</td>
<td> Definition
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>difference_type</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-lc">std::ptrdiff_t</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>value_type</code>
</td>
<td> <code>T</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>pointer</code>
</td>
<td> <code>T*</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>reference</code>
</td>
<td> <code>T&</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>iterator_category</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-lc">std::random_access_iterator_tag</span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: const T* specialization member types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="const_T.2A_specialization_member_types"><code>const T*</code> specialization member types</span></h4>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
<td> Member type
</td>
<td> Definition
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>difference_type</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-lc">std::ptrdiff_t</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>value_type</code>
</td>
<td> <code>T</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>pointer</code>
</td>
<td> <code>const T*</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>reference</code>
</td>
<td> <code>const T&</code>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <code>iterator_category</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-lc">std::random_access_iterator_tag</span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><p> The following example shows a general-purpose <code>reverse()</code> implementation for bidirectional iterators
</p><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
<span class="co2">#include <list></span>
 
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> BidirIt<span class="sy1">></span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> my_reverse<span class="br0">(</span>BidirIt first, BidirIt last<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">typename</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_traits</span><span class="sy1"><</span>BidirIt<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">difference_type</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="distance.html"><span class="kw577">std::<span class="me2">distance</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="sy2">--</span>n<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">while</span><span class="br0">(</span>n <span class="sy1">></span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">typename</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">iterator_traits</span><span class="sy1"><</span>BidirIt<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_type</span> tmp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>first<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="sy2">*</span>first<span class="sy2">++</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy2">*--</span>last<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="sy2">*</span>last <span class="sy1">=</span> tmp<span class="sy4">;</span>
n <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../container/vector.html"><span class="kw1093">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v<span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
my_reverse<span class="br0">(</span>v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<a href="../container/list.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> l<span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
my_reverse<span class="br0">(</span>l.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, l.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> n <span class="sy4">:</span> l<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// std::istreambuf_iterator<char> i1(std::cin), i2;</span>
<span class="co1">// my_reverse(i1, i2); // compilation error</span>
 
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/iterator/iterator_traits&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator/iterator"> <span class="t-lines"><span>iterator</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> the basic iterator <br /> <span class="t-mark">(class template)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/dsc_iterator&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="iterator_tags.html" title="cpp/iterator/iterator tags"> <span class="t-lines"><span>input_iterator_tag</span><span>output_iterator_tag</span><span>forward_iterator_tag</span><span>bidirectional_iterator_tag</span><span>random_access_iterator_tag</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> empty class types used to indicate iterator categories <br /> <span class="t-mark">(class)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/dsc_iterator_tags&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
</table>
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