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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv"> <code>const</code>/<code>volatile</code></a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/storage_duration.html" title="cpp/language/storage duration"> Storage duration specifiers</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/zero_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/zero initialization"> Zero initialization</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/direct_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/direct initialization"> Direct initialization</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/aggregate_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/aggregate initialization"> Aggregate initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/list_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/list initialization"> List initialization</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/constant_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/constant initialization"> Constant initialization</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/operator_alternative.html" title="cpp/language/operator alternative"> Alternative representations</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/bool_literal.html" title="cpp/language/bool literal"> Boolean</a> - <a href="language/integer_literal.html" title="cpp/language/integer literal"> Integer</a> - <a href="language/floating_literal.html" title="cpp/language/floating literal"> Floating-point</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/character_literal.html" title="cpp/language/character literal"> Character</a> - <a href="language/string_literal.html" title="cpp/language/string literal"> String</a> - <a href="language/nullptr.html" title="cpp/language/nullptr"> <code>nullptr</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/user_literal.html" title="cpp/language/user literal"> User-defined</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Utilities</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes"> Attributes</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Types</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/typedef.html" title="cpp/language/typedef"> <code>typedef</code> declaration</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/delete.html" title="cpp/language/delete"> <code>delete</code> expression</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Classes</td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/class.html" title="cpp/language/class"> Class declaration</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/constructor.html" title="cpp/language/initializer list"> Initializer lists</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/this.html" title="cpp/language/this"> <code>this</code> pointer</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/access.html" title="cpp/language/access"> Access specifiers</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/friend.html" title="cpp/language/friend"> <code>friend</code> specifier</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Class-specific function properties</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/virtual.html" title="cpp/language/virtual"> Virtual function</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/override.html" title="cpp/language/override"> override specifier</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/final.html" title="cpp/language/final"> final specifier</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/explicit.html" title="cpp/language/explicit"> <code>explicit</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/static.html" title="cpp/language/static"> <code>static</code></a> </td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Special member functions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/default_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/default constructor"> Default constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/copy_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/copy constructor"> Copy constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/move_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/move constructor"> Move constructor</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/as_operator.html" title="cpp/language/as operator" class="mw-redirect"> Copy assignment</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/move_operator.html" title="cpp/language/move operator" class="mw-redirect"> Move assignment</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/destructor.html" title="cpp/language/destructor"> Destructor</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5">Templates </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/class_template.html" title="cpp/language/class template"> Class template </a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/function_template.html" title="cpp/language/function template"> Function template </a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/template_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/template specialization"> Template specialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/parameter_pack.html" title="cpp/language/parameter pack"> Parameter packs</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Miscellaneous </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/asm.html" title="cpp/language/asm"> Inline assembly</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language/history.html" title="cpp/language/history"> History of C++</a></td></tr>
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</table></div>
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<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/alignas.html" title="cpp/keyword/alignas"><span class="t-lines"><span>alignas</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/alignof.html" title="cpp/keyword/alignof"><span class="t-lines"><span>alignof</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/and.html" title="cpp/keyword/and"><span class="t-lines"><span>and</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/and_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/and eq"><span class="t-lines"><span>and_eq</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/asm.html" title="cpp/keyword/asm"><span class="t-lines"><span>asm</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/auto.html" title="cpp/keyword/auto"><span class="t-lines"><span>auto</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/bitand.html" title="cpp/keyword/bitand"><span class="t-lines"><span>bitand</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/bitor.html" title="cpp/keyword/bitor"><span class="t-lines"><span>bitor</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/bool.html" title="cpp/keyword/bool"><span class="t-lines"><span>bool</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/break.html" title="cpp/keyword/break"><span class="t-lines"><span>break</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/case.html" title="cpp/keyword/case"><span class="t-lines"><span>case</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/catch.html" title="cpp/keyword/catch"><span class="t-lines"><span>catch</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/char.html" title="cpp/keyword/char"><span class="t-lines"><span>char</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/char16_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/char16 t"><span class="t-lines"><span>char16_t</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/char32_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/char32 t"><span class="t-lines"><span>char32_t</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/const.html" title="cpp/keyword/const"><span class="t-lines"><span>const</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/constexpr.html" title="cpp/keyword/constexpr"><span class="t-lines"><span>constexpr</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/const_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/const cast"><span class="t-lines"><span>const_cast</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/continue.html" title="cpp/keyword/continue"><span class="t-lines"><span>continue</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/decltype.html" title="cpp/keyword/decltype"><span class="t-lines"><span>decltype</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/default.html" title="cpp/keyword/default"><span class="t-lines"><span>default</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/delete.html" title="cpp/keyword/delete"><span class="t-lines"><span>delete</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/do.html" title="cpp/keyword/do"><span class="t-lines"><span>do</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/double.html" title="cpp/keyword/double"><span class="t-lines"><span>double</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/dynamic cast"><span class="t-lines"><span>dynamic_cast</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/else.html" title="cpp/keyword/else"><span class="t-lines"><span>else</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/enum.html" title="cpp/keyword/enum"><span class="t-lines"><span>enum</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/explicit.html" title="cpp/keyword/explicit"><span class="t-lines"><span>explicit</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/export.html" title="cpp/keyword/export"><span class="t-lines"><span>export</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/extern.html" title="cpp/keyword/extern"><span class="t-lines"><span>extern</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/false.html" title="cpp/keyword/false"><span class="t-lines"><span>false</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/float.html" title="cpp/keyword/float"><span class="t-lines"><span>float</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/for.html" title="cpp/keyword/for"><span class="t-lines"><span>for</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/friend.html" title="cpp/keyword/friend"><span class="t-lines"><span>friend</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/goto.html" title="cpp/keyword/goto"><span class="t-lines"><span>goto</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keywords/if.html" title="cpp/keyword/if"><span class="t-lines"><span>if</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/inline.html" title="cpp/keyword/inline"><span class="t-lines"><span>inline</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/int.html" title="cpp/keyword/int"><span class="t-lines"><span>int</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/long.html" title="cpp/keyword/long"><span class="t-lines"><span>long</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/mutable.html" title="cpp/keyword/mutable"><span class="t-lines"><span>mutable</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/namespace.html" title="cpp/keyword/namespace"><span class="t-lines"><span>namespace</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/new.html" title="cpp/keyword/new"><span class="t-lines"><span>new</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/noexcept.html" title="cpp/keyword/noexcept"><span class="t-lines"><span>noexcept</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/not.html" title="cpp/keyword/not"><span class="t-lines"><span>not</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/not_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/not eq"><span class="t-lines"><span>not_eq</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/nullptr.html" title="cpp/keyword/nullptr"><span class="t-lines"><span>nullptr</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/operator.html" title="cpp/keyword/operator"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/or.html" title="cpp/keyword/or"><span class="t-lines"><span>or</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/or_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/or eq"><span class="t-lines"><span>or_eq</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/private.html" title="cpp/keyword/private"><span class="t-lines"><span>private</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/protected.html" title="cpp/keyword/protected"><span class="t-lines"><span>protected</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/public.html" title="cpp/keyword/public"><span class="t-lines"><span>public</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/register.html" title="cpp/keyword/register"><span class="t-lines"><span>register</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/reinterpret cast"><span class="t-lines"><span>reinterpret_cast</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/return.html" title="cpp/keyword/return"><span class="t-lines"><span>return</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/short.html" title="cpp/keyword/short"><span class="t-lines"><span>short</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/signed.html" title="cpp/keyword/signed"><span class="t-lines"><span>signed</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/sizeof.html" title="cpp/keyword/sizeof"><span class="t-lines"><span>sizeof</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/static.html" title="cpp/keyword/static"><span class="t-lines"><span>static</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/static_assert.html" title="cpp/keyword/static assert"><span class="t-lines"><span>static_assert</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/static_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/static cast"><span class="t-lines"><span>static_cast</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/struct.html" title="cpp/keyword/struct"><span class="t-lines"><span>struct</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/switch.html" title="cpp/keyword/switch"><span class="t-lines"><span>switch</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/template.html" title="cpp/keyword/template"><span class="t-lines"><span>template</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/this.html" title="cpp/keyword/this"><span class="t-lines"><span>this</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/thread_local.html" title="cpp/keyword/thread local"><span class="t-lines"><span>thread_local</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/throw.html" title="cpp/keyword/throw"><span class="t-lines"><span>throw</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/true.html" title="cpp/keyword/true"><span class="t-lines"><span>true</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/try.html" title="cpp/keyword/try"><span class="t-lines"><span>try</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/typedef.html" title="cpp/keyword/typedef"><span class="t-lines"><span>typedef</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/typeid.html" title="cpp/keyword/typeid"><span class="t-lines"><span>typeid</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/typename.html" title="cpp/keyword/typename"><span class="t-lines"><span>typename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/union.html" title="cpp/keyword/union"><span class="t-lines"><span>union</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/unsigned.html" title="cpp/keyword/unsigned"><span class="t-lines"><span>unsigned</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/using.html" title="cpp/keyword/using"><span class="t-lines"><span>using</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/virtual.html" title="cpp/keyword/virtual"><span class="t-lines"><span>virtual</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/void.html" title="cpp/keyword/void"><span class="t-lines"><span>void</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/volatile.html" title="cpp/keyword/volatile"><span class="t-lines"><span>volatile</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/wchar_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/wchar t"><span class="t-lines"><span>wchar_t</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/while.html" title="cpp/keyword/while"><span class="t-lines"><span>while</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/xor.html" title="cpp/keyword/xor"><span class="t-lines"><span>xor</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/xor_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/xor eq"><span class="t-lines"><span>xor_eq</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Identifiers with special meaning <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/override.html" title="cpp/keyword/override"><span class="t-lines"><span>override</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="keyword/final.html" title="cpp/keyword/final"><span class="t-lines"><span>final</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/keyword/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>This is a list of reserved keywords in C++. Since they are used by the language, these keywords are not available for re-definition or overloading.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<td>
<p><a href="keyword/alignas.html" title="cpp/keyword/alignas"><code>alignas</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/alignof.html" title="cpp/keyword/alignof"><code>alignof</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/and.html" title="cpp/keyword/and"><code>and</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/and_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/and eq"><code>and_eq</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/asm.html" title="cpp/keyword/asm"><code>asm</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/auto.html" title="cpp/keyword/auto"><code>auto</code></a><span class="t-mark">(1)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/bitand.html" title="cpp/keyword/bitand"><code>bitand</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/bitor.html" title="cpp/keyword/bitor"><code>bitor</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/bool.html" title="cpp/keyword/bool"><code>bool</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/break.html" title="cpp/keyword/break"><code>break</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/case.html" title="cpp/keyword/case"><code>case</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/catch.html" title="cpp/keyword/catch"><code>catch</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/char.html" title="cpp/keyword/char"><code>char</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/char16_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/char16 t"><code>char16_t</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/char32_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/char32 t"><code>char32_t</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/class.html" title="cpp/keyword/class"><code>class</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/compl.html" title="cpp/keyword/compl"><code>compl</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/concept.html" title="cpp/keyword/concept"><code>concept</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-concepts-ts t-mark-ts">(concepts TS)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/const.html" title="cpp/keyword/const"><code>const</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/constexpr.html" title="cpp/keyword/constexpr"><code>constexpr</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/const_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/const cast"><code>const_cast</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/continue.html" title="cpp/keyword/continue"><code>continue</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/decltype.html" title="cpp/keyword/decltype"><code>decltype</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/default.html" title="cpp/keyword/default"><code>default</code></a><span class="t-mark">(1)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/delete.html" title="cpp/keyword/delete"><code>delete</code></a><span class="t-mark">(1)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/do.html" title="cpp/keyword/do"><code>do</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/double.html" title="cpp/keyword/double"><code>double</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/dynamic cast"><code>dynamic_cast</code></a><br />
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="keyword/else.html" title="cpp/keyword/else"><code>else</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/enum.html" title="cpp/keyword/enum"><code>enum</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/explicit.html" title="cpp/keyword/explicit"><code>explicit</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/export.html" title="cpp/keyword/export"><code>export</code></a><span class="t-mark">(1)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/extern.html" title="cpp/keyword/extern"><code>extern</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/false.html" title="cpp/keyword/false"><code>false</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/float.html" title="cpp/keyword/float"><code>float</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/for.html" title="cpp/keyword/for"><code>for</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/friend.html" title="cpp/keyword/friend"><code>friend</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/goto.html" title="cpp/keyword/goto"><code>goto</code></a><br />
<a href="keywords/if.html" title="cpp/keyword/if"><code>if</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/inline.html" title="cpp/keyword/inline"><code>inline</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/int.html" title="cpp/keyword/int"><code>int</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/long.html" title="cpp/keyword/long"><code>long</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/mutable.html" title="cpp/keyword/mutable"><code>mutable</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/namespace.html" title="cpp/keyword/namespace"><code>namespace</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/new.html" title="cpp/keyword/new"><code>new</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/noexcept.html" title="cpp/keyword/noexcept"><code>noexcept</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/not.html" title="cpp/keyword/not"><code>not</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/not_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/not eq"><code>not_eq</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/nullptr.html" title="cpp/keyword/nullptr"><code>nullptr</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/operator.html" title="cpp/keyword/operator"><code>operator</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/or.html" title="cpp/keyword/or"><code>or</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/or_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/or eq"><code>or_eq</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/private.html" title="cpp/keyword/private"><code>private</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/protected.html" title="cpp/keyword/protected"><code>protected</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/public.html" title="cpp/keyword/public"><code>public</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/register.html" title="cpp/keyword/register"><code>register</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/reinterpret cast"><code>reinterpret_cast</code></a><br />
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="keyword/requires.html" title="cpp/keyword/requires"><code>requires</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-concepts-ts t-mark-ts">(concepts TS)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/return.html" title="cpp/keyword/return"><code>return</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/short.html" title="cpp/keyword/short"><code>short</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/signed.html" title="cpp/keyword/signed"><code>signed</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/sizeof.html" title="cpp/keyword/sizeof"><code>sizeof</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/static.html" title="cpp/keyword/static"><code>static</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/static_assert.html" title="cpp/keyword/static assert"><code>static_assert</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/static_cast.html" title="cpp/keyword/static cast"><code>static_cast</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/struct.html" title="cpp/keyword/struct"><code>struct</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/switch.html" title="cpp/keyword/switch"><code>switch</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/template.html" title="cpp/keyword/template"><code>template</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/this.html" title="cpp/keyword/this"><code>this</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/thread_local.html" title="cpp/keyword/thread local"><code>thread_local</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/throw.html" title="cpp/keyword/throw"><code>throw</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/true.html" title="cpp/keyword/true"><code>true</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/try.html" title="cpp/keyword/try"><code>try</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/typedef.html" title="cpp/keyword/typedef"><code>typedef</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/typeid.html" title="cpp/keyword/typeid"><code>typeid</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/typename.html" title="cpp/keyword/typename"><code>typename</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/union.html" title="cpp/keyword/union"><code>union</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/unsigned.html" title="cpp/keyword/unsigned"><code>unsigned</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/using.html" title="cpp/keyword/using"><code>using</code></a><span class="t-mark">(1)</span><br />
<a href="keyword/virtual.html" title="cpp/keyword/virtual"><code>virtual</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/void.html" title="cpp/keyword/void"><code>void</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/volatile.html" title="cpp/keyword/volatile"><code>volatile</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/wchar_t.html" title="cpp/keyword/wchar t"><code>wchar_t</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/while.html" title="cpp/keyword/while"><code>while</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/xor.html" title="cpp/keyword/xor"><code>xor</code></a><br />
<a href="keyword/xor_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/xor eq"><code>xor_eq</code></a>
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<ul><li> (1) - meaning changed in C++11
</li></ul>
<p>Note that <a href="keyword/and.html" title="cpp/keyword/and"><code>and</code></a>, <a href="keyword/bitor.html" title="cpp/keyword/bitor"><code>bitor</code></a>, <a href="keyword/or.html" title="cpp/keyword/or"><code>or</code></a>, <a href="keyword/xor.html" title="cpp/keyword/xor"><code>xor</code></a>, <a href="keyword/compl.html" title="cpp/keyword/compl"><code>compl</code></a>, <a href="keyword/bitand.html" title="cpp/keyword/bitand"><code>bitand</code></a>, <a href="keyword/and_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/and eq"><code>and_eq</code></a>, <a href="keyword/or_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/or eq"><code>or_eq</code></a>, <a href="keyword/xor_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/xor eq"><code>xor_eq</code></a>, <a href="keyword/not.html" title="cpp/keyword/not"><code>not</code></a>, and <a href="keyword/not_eq.html" title="cpp/keyword/not eq"><code>not_eq</code></a> (along with the digraphs <code><%</code>, <code>%></code>, <code><:</code>, <code>:></code>, <code>%:</code>, and <code>%:%:</code>) provide an <a href="language/operator_alternative.html" title="cpp/language/operator alternative">alternative way to represent standard tokens</a>.
</p><p>In addition to keywords, there are two <i>identifiers with special meaning</i>, which may be used as names of objects or functions, but have special meaning in certain contexts.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<td><a href="language/override.html" title="cpp/language/override"><tt>override</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br />
<p><a href="language/final.html" title="cpp/language/final"><tt>final</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Also, all <a href="language/name.html" title="cpp/language/identifiers">identifiers</a> that contain a double underscore __ in any position and each identifier that begins with an underscore followed by an uppercase letter is always reserved and all identifiers that begin with an underscore are reserved for use as names in the global namespace. See <a href="language/name.html" title="cpp/language/identifiers">identifiers</a> for more details.
</p><p>The namespace <code>std</code> is used to place names of the standard C++ library. See <a href="language/extending_std.html" title="cpp/language/extending std">Extending namespace std</a> for the rules about adding names to it.
</p>
<table class="t-rev-begin">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11"><td>The name <code>posix</code> is reserved for a future top-level namespace. The behavior is undefined if a program declares or defines anything in that namespace.</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<p>The following tokens are recognized by the <a href="../c/preprocessor.html" title="c/preprocessor">preprocessor</a> when in context of a preprocessor directive:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<td>
<p><a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>if</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>elif</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>else</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>endif</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>defined</tt></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>ifdef</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/conditional.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/conditional"><tt>ifndef</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/replace.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace"><tt>define</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/replace.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace"><tt>undef</tt></a><br />
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="preprocessor/include.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/include"><tt>include</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/line.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/line"><tt>line</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/error.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/error"><tt>error</tt></a><br />
<a href="preprocessor/impl.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/impl"><tt>pragma</tt></a><br />
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The following tokens are recognized by the preprocessor <i>outside</i> the context of a preprocessor directive:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<td>
<p><a href="preprocessor/impl.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/impl"><tt>_Pragma</tt></a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/keyword&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see"><span><a href="../c/keyword.html" title="c/keyword">C documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>C keywords</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</table>
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