1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs">
<head>
<title>Array declaration - cppreference.com</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.21.2" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit" />
<link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" />
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="../../../mwiki/opensearch_desc.php" title="cppreference.com (en)" />
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/api.php?action=rsd" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="cppreference.com Atom feed" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.ColiruCompiler%257Cext.rtlcite%257Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%252Cshared%257Cskins.cppreference2&only=styles&skin=cppreference2&*.css" />
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=styles&skin=cppreference2&*.css" />
<style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(ckb),a:lang(fa),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none}#toc{display:none}.editsection{display:none}
/* cache key: mwiki1-mwiki_en_:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:472787eddcf4605d11de8c7ef047234f */</style>
<script src="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=cppreference2&*"></script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"cpp/language/array","wgTitle":"cpp/language/array","wgCurRevisionId":81896,"wgArticleId":9956,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"cpp/language/array","wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[]});
}</script><script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.implement("user.options",function(){mw.user.options.set({"ccmeonemails":0,"cols":80,"date":"default","diffonly":0,"disablemail":0,"disablesuggest":0,"editfont":"default","editondblclick":0,"editsection":0,"editsectiononrightclick":0,"enotifminoredits":0,"enotifrevealaddr":0,"enotifusertalkpages":1,"enotifwatchlistpages":0,"extendwatchlist":0,"externaldiff":0,"externaleditor":0,"fancysig":0,"forceeditsummary":0,"gender":"unknown","hideminor":0,"hidepatrolled":0,"imagesize":2,"justify":0,"math":1,"minordefault":0,"newpageshidepatrolled":0,"nocache":0,"noconvertlink":0,"norollbackdiff":0,"numberheadings":0,"previewonfirst":0,"previewontop":1,"quickbar":5,"rcdays":7,"rclimit":50,"rememberpassword":0,"rows":25,"searchlimit":20,"showhiddencats":0,"showjumplinks":1,"shownumberswatching":1,"showtoc":0,"showtoolbar":1,"skin":"cppreference2","stubthreshold":0,"thumbsize":2,"underline":2,"uselivepreview":0,"usenewrc":0,"watchcreations":0,"watchdefault":0,"watchdeletion":0,
"watchlistdays":3,"watchlisthideanons":0,"watchlisthidebots":0,"watchlisthideliu":0,"watchlisthideminor":0,"watchlisthideown":0,"watchlisthidepatrolled":0,"watchmoves":0,"wllimit":250,"variant":"en","language":"en","searchNs0":true,"searchNs1":false,"searchNs2":false,"searchNs3":false,"searchNs4":false,"searchNs5":false,"searchNs6":false,"searchNs7":false,"searchNs8":false,"searchNs9":false,"searchNs10":false,"searchNs11":false,"searchNs12":false,"searchNs13":false,"searchNs14":false,"searchNs15":false,"gadget-ColiruCompiler":1});;},{},{});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function(){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":false,"watchToken":false});;},{},{});
/* cache key: mwiki1-mwiki_en_:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:ca03345b1e2c4d90a25d968753a73b92 */
}</script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax"]);
}</script>
<style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
.source-cpp {line-height: normal;}
.source-cpp li, .source-cpp pre {
line-height: normal; border: 0px none white;
}
/**
* GeSHi Dynamically Generated Stylesheet
* --------------------------------------
* Dynamically generated stylesheet for cpp
* CSS class: source-cpp, CSS id:
* GeSHi (C) 2004 - 2007 Nigel McNie, 2007 - 2008 Benny Baumann
* (http://qbnz.com/highlighter/ and http://geshi.org/)
* --------------------------------------
*/
.cpp.source-cpp .de1, .cpp.source-cpp .de2 {font: normal normal 1em/1.2em monospace; margin:0; padding:0; background:none; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp {font-family:monospace;}
.cpp.source-cpp .imp {font-weight: bold; color: red;}
.cpp.source-cpp li, .cpp.source-cpp .li1 {font-weight: normal; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .ln {width:1px;text-align:right;margin:0;padding:0 2px;vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .li2 {font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw1 {color: #0000dd;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw2 {color: #0000ff;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw3 {color: #0000dd;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw4 {color: #0000ff;}
.cpp.source-cpp .co1 {color: #909090;}
.cpp.source-cpp .co2 {color: #339900;}
.cpp.source-cpp .coMULTI {color: #ff0000; font-style: italic;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es0 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es1 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es2 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es3 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es4 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es5 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .br0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy1 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy2 {color: #000040;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy3 {color: #000040;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy4 {color: #008080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .st0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu0 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu6 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu8 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu12 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu16 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu17 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu18 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu19 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .ln-xtra, .cpp.source-cpp li.ln-xtra, .cpp.source-cpp div.ln-xtra {background-color: #ffc;}
.cpp.source-cpp span.xtra { display:block; }
/*]]>*/
</style><style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
.source-text {line-height: normal;}
.source-text li, .source-text pre {
line-height: normal; border: 0px none white;
}
/**
* GeSHi Dynamically Generated Stylesheet
* --------------------------------------
* Dynamically generated stylesheet for text
* CSS class: source-text, CSS id:
* GeSHi (C) 2004 - 2007 Nigel McNie, 2007 - 2008 Benny Baumann
* (http://qbnz.com/highlighter/ and http://geshi.org/)
* --------------------------------------
*/
.text.source-text .de1, .text.source-text .de2 {font: normal normal 1em/1.2em monospace; margin:0; padding:0; background:none; vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text {font-family:monospace;}
.text.source-text .imp {font-weight: bold; color: red;}
.text.source-text li, .text.source-text .li1 {font-weight: normal; vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text .ln {width:1px;text-align:right;margin:0;padding:0 2px;vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text .li2 {font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text .ln-xtra, .text.source-text li.ln-xtra, .text.source-text div.ln-xtra {background-color: #ffc;}
.text.source-text span.xtra { display:block; }
/*]]>*/
</style><!--[if lt IE 7]><style type="text/css">body{behavior:url("/mwiki/skins/cppreference2/csshover.min.htc")}</style><![endif]--></head>
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_language_array skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
<!-- header -->
<div id="mw-head" class="noprint">
<div id="cpp-head-first-base">
<div id="cpp-head-first">
<h5><a href="../../../index.html">
cppreference.com </a></h5>
<div id="cpp-head-search">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-search">
<h5><label for="searchInput">Search</label></h5>
<form action="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" id="searchform">
<input type='hidden' name="title" value="Special:Search"/>
<div id="simpleSearch">
<input name="search" title="Search cppreference.com [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" /> <button type="submit" name="button" title="Search the pages for this text" id="searchButton"><img src="../../../mwiki/skins/cppreference2/images/search-ltr.png%3F303" alt="Search" /></button> </div>
</form>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
</div>
<div id="cpp-head-personal">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-personal" class="">
<span id="pt-createaccount"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=cpp%2Flanguage%2Farray&type=signup">Create account</a></span> <div class="menu">
<ul>
<li id="pt-login"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=cpp%2Flanguage%2Farray" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="cpp-head-second-base">
<div id="cpp-head-second">
<div id="cpp-head-tools-left">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-namespaces" class="vectorTabs">
<h5>Namespaces</h5>
<ul>
<li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="array.html" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Page</a></span></li>
<li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Talk:cpp/language/array" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Discussion</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
<!-- 1 -->
<div id="p-variants" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
<h5><span>Variants</span><a href="array.html#"></a></h5>
<div class="menu">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /1 -->
</div>
<div id="cpp-head-tools-right">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-views" class="vectorTabs">
<h5>Views</h5>
<ul>
<li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="array.html" >View</a></span></li>
<li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit" title="You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li>
<li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">History</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
<!-- 1 -->
<div id="p-cactions" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
<h5><span>Actions</span><a href="array.html#"></a></h5>
<div class="menu">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /1 -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /header -->
<!-- content -->
<div id="cpp-content-base">
<div id="content">
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div>
<!-- firstHeading -->
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Array declaration</h1>
<!-- /firstHeading -->
<!-- bodyContent -->
<div id="bodyContent">
<!-- tagline -->
<div id="siteSub">From cppreference.com</div>
<!-- /tagline -->
<!-- subtitle -->
<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="../../cpp.html" title="cpp">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language">language</a></span></div>
<!-- /subtitle -->
<!-- bodycontent -->
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="t-navbar" style=""><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../../cpp.html" title="cpp"> C++</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="line-height:1.1em;">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language"> Language</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../header.html" title="cpp/header"> Standard library headers</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../concept.html" title="cpp/concept"> Concepts</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../utility.html" title="cpp/utility"> Utilities library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../string.html" title="cpp/string"> Strings library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../container.html" title="cpp/container"> Containers library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../algorithm.html" title="cpp/algorithm"> Algorithms library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator"> Iterators library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../numeric.html" title="cpp/numeric"> Numerics library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../io.html" title="cpp/io"> Input/output library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../locale.html" title="cpp/locale"> Localizations library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../regex.html" title="cpp/regex"> Regular expressions library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../atomic.html" title="cpp/atomic"> Atomic operations library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../thread.html" title="cpp/thread"> Thread support library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../experimental.html" title="cpp/experimental"> Technical Specifications</a> </td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language"> C++ language</a></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations"> Declarations</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div style="display:inline-block">
<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Overview </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations"> declaration syntax</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html#Specifiers" title="cpp/language/declarations"> decl-specifier-seq</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="cpp/language/declarations"> declarator</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Specifiers </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="typedef.html" title="cpp/language/typedef"><span class="t-lines"><span>typedef</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="inline.html" title="cpp/language/inline"> inline function specifier</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="virtual.html" title="cpp/language/virtual"> virtual function specifier</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="explicit.html" title="cpp/language/explicit"> explicit function specifier</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="friend.html" title="cpp/language/friend"><span class="t-lines"><span>friend</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="constexpr.html" title="cpp/language/constexpr"><span class="t-lines"><span>constexpr</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="storage_duration.html" title="cpp/language/storage duration"> storage class specifiers</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class"> class </a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="union.html" title="cpp/language/union"> union </a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="enum.html" title="cpp/language/enum"> enum </a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype"><span class="t-lines"><span>decltype</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="auto.html" title="cpp/language/auto"><span class="t-lines"><span>auto</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="alignas.html" title="cpp/language/alignas"><span class="t-lines"><span>alignas</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv"><span class="t-lines"><span>const/volatile</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="elaborated_type_specifier.html" title="cpp/language/elaborated type specifier"> elaborated type specifier</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes"> attributes </a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Declarators </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="reference.html" title="cpp/language/reference"> reference </a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="pointer.html" title="cpp/language/pointer"> pointer </a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink"> array </strong> </td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Block declarations </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations"> simple-declaration</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="type_alias.html" title="cpp/language/type alias"> alias declaration</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="namespace_alias.html" title="cpp/language/namespace alias"> namespace alias definition </a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="using_declaration.html" title="cpp/language/using declaration"> using-declaration</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="namespace.html#Using-directives" title="cpp/language/namespace"> using-directive</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="static_assert.html" title="cpp/language/static assert"> static_assert declaration</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="asm.html" title="cpp/language/asm"> asm-definition</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="enum.html" title="cpp/language/enum"> opaque enum declaration</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Other declarations </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="namespace.html" title="cpp/language/namespace"> namespace definition</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function"> function declaration</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class_template.html" title="cpp/language/class template"> class template declaration</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="function_template.html" title="cpp/language/function template"> function template declaration</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class_template.html#Explicit_instantiation" title="cpp/language/class template"> explicit template instantiation</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="template_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/template specialization"> explicit template specialization</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="language_linkage.html" title="cpp/language/language linkage"> linkage specification</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations"> attribute declaration</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations"> empty declaration</a> </td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/language/declarations/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>Declares an object of array type.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="array.html#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="array.html#Assignment"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Assignment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="array.html#Array-to-pointer_decay"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Array-to-pointer decay</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="array.html#Multidimensional_arrays"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Multidimensional arrays</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="array.html#Arrays_of_unknown_bound"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Arrays of unknown bound</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="array.html#Array_rvalues"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Array rvalues</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Syntax">Syntax</span></h3>
<p>An array declaration is any simple declaration whose <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declarator</a> has the form
</p>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-spar">noptr-declarator</span> <code><b>[</b></code> <span class="t-spar">constexpr</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>]</b></code> <span class="t-spar">attr</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span>
</td>
<td> (1)
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<table class="t-par-begin">
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">noptr-declarator</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> any valid <span class="t-spar">declarator</span>, but if it begins with *, &, or &&, it has to be surrounded by parentheses.
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">attr</span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> optional list of <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attributes</a>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">constexpr</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx14"><span>an <a href="constant_expression.html" title="cpp/language/constant expression">integral constant expression</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(until C++14)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx14"><span>a <a href="constant_expression.html" title="cpp/language/constant expression">converted constant expression</a> of type <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/size_t.html" title="cpp/types/size t">std::size_t</a></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(since C++14)</span></span></span>, which evaluates to a value greater than zero
</td></tr></table>
<p>A declaration of the form <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T a<span class="br0">[</span>N<span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>, declares <code>a</code> as an array object that consists of <code>N</code> contiguously allocated objects of type <code>T</code>. The elements of an array are numbered <code>0...N-1</code>, and may be accessed with the <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_subscript_operator" title="cpp/language/operator member access">subscript operator []</a>, as in <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span>, …, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a<span class="br0">[</span>N<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span>.
</p><p>Arrays can be constructed from any <a href="types.html" title="cpp/language/types">fundamental type</a> (except <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span>), <a href="pointer.html" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointers</a>, <a href="pointer.html" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointers to members</a>, <a href="classes.html" title="cpp/language/classes">classes</a>, <a href="enum.html" title="cpp/language/enum">enumerations</a>, or from other arrays (in which case the array is said to be multi-dimensional). There are no arrays of references, arrays of functions, or arrays of abstract class types.
</p><p>Applying <a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv">cv-qualifiers</a> to an array type (through typedef or template type manipulation) applies the qualifiers to the element type, but any array type whose elements are of cv-qualified type is considered to have the same cv-qualification.
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co1">// arr1 and arr2 have the same const-qualified type "array of 5 const char"</span>
<span class="kw1">typedef</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> CC<span class="sy4">;</span>
CC arr1<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">typedef</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> CA<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">const</span> CA arr2 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div></div>
<p>When used with <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new[]-expression</a>, the size of an array may be zero; such an array has no elements:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> p <span class="sy1">=</span> new <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// accessing p[0] or *p is undefined</span>
delete<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> p<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// cleanup still required</span></pre></div></div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Assignment">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Assignment">Assignment</span></h4>
<p>Objects of array type cannot be modified as a whole: even though they are <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">lvalues</a> (e.g. an address of array can be taken), they cannot appear on the left hand side of an assignment operator:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span>, b<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>a<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: address of a can be taken</span>
a <span class="sy1">=</span> b<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// error: a is an array</span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> c<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span> s1, s2 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
s1 <span class="sy1">=</span> s2<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: implicity-defined copy assignment operator</span>
<span class="co1">// can assign data members of array type</span></pre></div></div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Array-to-pointer decay">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Array-to-pointer_decay">Array-to-pointer decay</span></h4>
<p>There is an <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">implicit conversion</a> from lvalues and rvalues of array type to rvalues of pointer type: it constructs a pointer to the first element of an array. This conversion is used whenever arrays appear in context where arrays are not expected, but pointers are:
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="co2">#include <numeric></span>
<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> g<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> p<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>p <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> p <span class="sy1">=</span> a<span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> sizeof a <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span> <span class="co1">// prints size of array</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> sizeof p <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// prints size of a pointer</span>
 
<span class="co1">// where arrays are acceptable, but pointers aren't, only arrays may be used</span>
g<span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: function takes an array by reference</span>
<span class="co1">// g(p); // error</span>
 
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy4">:</span> a<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="co1">// okay: arrays can be used in range-for loops</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// prints elements of the array</span>
<span class="co1">// for(int n: p) // error</span>
<span class="co1">// std::cout << n << ' ';</span>
 
<a href="../algorithm/iota.html"><span class="kw1387">std::<span class="me2">iota</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../iterator/begin.html"><span class="kw581">std::<span class="me2">begin</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="../iterator/end.html"><span class="kw585">std::<span class="me2">end</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span>, <span class="nu0">7</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: begin and end take arrays</span>
<span class="co1">// std::iota(std::begin(p), std::end(p), 7); // error</span>
 
<span class="co1">// where pointers are acceptable, but arrays aren't, both may be used:</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: function takes a pointer</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span>p<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: function takes a pointer</span>
 
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>a <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span> <span class="co1">// prints the first element</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>p <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span> <span class="co1">// same</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>a <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span> <span class="co1">// prints the second element</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>p <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> p<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">//same</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p><br />
</p>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Multidimensional arrays">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Multidimensional_arrays">Multidimensional arrays</span></h4>
<p>When the element type of an array is another array, it is said that the array is multidimensional:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co1">// array of 2 arrays of 3 ints each</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="co1">// can be viewed as a 2 × 3 matrix</span>
<span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// with row-major layout</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Note that when array-to-pointer implicit conversion is applied, a multidimensional array is converted to a pointer to its first element (e.g., a pointer to the first row or to its first plane): array-to-pointer conversion is applied only once.
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// array of 2 ints</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> p1 <span class="sy1">=</span> a<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// pointer to the first element of a</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> b<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 2 × 3 matrix</span>
<span class="co1">// int** p2 = b; // error: b does not decay to int**</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p2<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> b<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// pointer to the first 3-element row of b</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> c<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 2 × 3 × 4 three-dimensional array</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p3<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> c<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// pointer to the first 3 × 4-element plane of c</span></pre></div></div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arrays of unknown bound">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Arrays_of_unknown_bound">Arrays of unknown bound</span></h4>
<p>If <span class="t-spar">constexpr</span> is omitted in the declaration of an array, the type declared is "array of unknown bound of T", which is a kind of <a href="incomplete_type.html" title="cpp/language/incomplete type" class="mw-redirect">incomplete type</a>, except when used in a declaration with an <a href="aggregate_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/aggregate initialization">aggregate initializer</a>:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> x<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// the type of x is "array of unknown bound of int"</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// the type of a is "array of 3 int"</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Because array element cannot have incomplete type, multidimensional arrays cannot have unknown bound in a dimension other than the first:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// OK: array of unknown bound of arrays of 2 int</span>
<span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> b<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// Error: array has incomplete element type</span></pre></div></div>
<p>References and pointers to arrays of unknown bound can be formed, but cannot be initialized or assigned from arrays and pointers to arrays of known bound. Note that in the C programming language, pointers to arrays of unknown bound are compatible with pointers to arrays of known bound and are thus convertible and assignable in both directions.
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> a1<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>r1<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> a1<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// OK</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p1<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>a1<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// OK </span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>q<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>a1<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// Error (but OK in C)</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> a2<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>,<span class="nu0">2</span>,<span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>r2<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> a2<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// Error</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>p2<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>a2<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// Error (but OK in C)</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Pointers to arrays of unknown bound cannot participate in <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Additive_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">pointer arithmetic</a> and cannot be used on the left of the <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_subscript_operator" title="cpp/language/operator member access">subscript operator</a>, but can be dereferenced. <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx14"><span>Pointers and references to arrays of unknown bound cannot be used in <a href="function.html#Parameter_list" title="cpp/language/function">function parameters</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(until C++14)</span></span></span>.
</p>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Array rvalues">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Array_rvalues">Array rvalues</span></h4>
<p>Although arrays cannot be returned from functions by value and cannot be targets of most cast expressions, array <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">prvalues</a> may be formed by using a type alias to construct an array temporary using <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">brace-initialized functional cast</a>. Array <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">xvalues</a> may be formed by accessing an array member of a class rvalue or by using <span class="t-lc">std::move</span> or another cast or function call that returns an rvalue reference.
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="co2">#include <type_traits></span>
<span class="co2">#include <utility></span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&&</span>x<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> sizeof x <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw1">struct</span> X
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> i<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span> x<span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">typename</span> T<span class="sy1">></span> <span class="kw1">using</span> identity <span class="sy1">=</span> T<span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> sizeof X<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">i</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// size of the array</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span>X<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">i</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: binds to xvalue</span>
<span class="co1">// f(x.i); // error: cannot bind to lvalue</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: binds to xvalue</span>
 
<span class="kw1">using</span> arr_t <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span>arr_t<span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: binds to prvalue</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span>identity<span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span>, <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// okay: binds to prvalue</span>
 
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">24
24
24
24
24</pre></div></div>
</div>
<!--
NewPP limit report
Preprocessor visited node count: 2021/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 5317/1000000
Post‐expand include size: 59818/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 16652/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 15/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/100
-->
<!-- Saved in parser cache with key mwiki1-mwiki_en_:pcache:idhash:9956-0!*!0!!en!*!* and timestamp 20151117202233 -->
</div> <!-- /bodycontent -->
<!-- printfooter -->
<div class="printfooter">
Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&oldid=81896">http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&oldid=81896</a>" </div>
<!-- /printfooter -->
<!-- catlinks -->
<div id='catlinks' class='catlinks catlinks-allhidden'></div> <!-- /catlinks -->
<div class="visualClear"></div>
<!-- debughtml -->
<!-- /debughtml -->
</div>
<!-- /bodyContent -->
</div>
</div>
<!-- /content -->
<!-- footer -->
<div id="cpp-footer-base" class="noprint">
<div id="footer">
<div id="cpp-navigation">
<h5>Navigation</h5>
<ul>
<li id="n-Support-us"><a href="http://www.cppreference.com/support" rel="nofollow">Support us</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-FAQ"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li id="n-Offline-version"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:Archives">Offline version</a></li> </ul>
</div>
<div id="cpp-toolbox">
<h5><span>Toolbox</span><a href="array.html#"></a></h5>
<ul>
<li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:WhatLinksHere/cpp/language/array" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:RecentChangesLinked/cpp/language/array" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload"><a href="http://upload.cppreference.com/w/Special:Upload" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&printable=yes" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&oldid=81896" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/array&action=info">Page information</a></li> </ul>
</div>
<ul id="footer-info">
<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 17 November 2015, at 12:22.</li>
<li id="footer-info-viewcount">This page has been accessed 26,509 times.</li>
</ul>
<ul id="footer-places">
<li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:Privacy_policy" title="Cppreference:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-about"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:About" title="Cppreference:About">About cppreference.com</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:General_disclaimer" title="Cppreference:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li>
</ul>
<ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
<li id="footer-poweredbyico">
<a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="../../../mwiki/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" /></a> <a href="http://qbnz.com/highlighter/"><img src="../../../../upload.cppreference.com/mwiki/images/2/2b/powered_by_geshi_88x31.png" alt="Powered by GeSHi" height="31" width="88" /></a> <a href="http://www.tigertech.net/referral/cppreference.com"><img src="../../../../upload.cppreference.com/mwiki/images/9/94/powered_by_tigertech_88x31.png" alt="Hosted by Tiger Technologies" height="31" width="88" /></a> </li>
</ul>
<div style="clear:both">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /footer -->
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.state({"site":"loading","user":"missing","user.groups":"ready"});
}</script>
<script src="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=skins.cppreference2&only=scripts&skin=cppreference2&*"></script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","mediawiki.hidpi","ext.gadget.ColiruCompiler"], null, true);
}</script>
<script src="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=scripts&skin=cppreference2&*"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2828341-1']);
_gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'cppreference.com']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
</script><!-- Served in 0.077 secs. -->
</body>
<!-- Cached 20151117203626 -->
</html>
|
