1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs">
<head>
<title>for loop - cppreference.com</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.21.2" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit" />
<link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../favicon.ico" />
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="../../../mwiki/opensearch_desc.php" title="cppreference.com (en)" />
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/api.php?action=rsd" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="cppreference.com Atom feed" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.ColiruCompiler%257Cext.rtlcite%257Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%252Cshared%257Cskins.cppreference2&only=styles&skin=cppreference2&*.css" />
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=styles&skin=cppreference2&*.css" />
<style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(ckb),a:lang(fa),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none}#toc{display:none}.editsection{display:none}
/* cache key: mwiki1-mwiki_en_:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:472787eddcf4605d11de8c7ef047234f */</style>
<script src="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=cppreference2&*"></script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"cpp/language/for","wgTitle":"cpp/language/for","wgCurRevisionId":76921,"wgArticleId":696,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"cpp/language/for","wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[]});
}</script><script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.implement("user.options",function(){mw.user.options.set({"ccmeonemails":0,"cols":80,"date":"default","diffonly":0,"disablemail":0,"disablesuggest":0,"editfont":"default","editondblclick":0,"editsection":0,"editsectiononrightclick":0,"enotifminoredits":0,"enotifrevealaddr":0,"enotifusertalkpages":1,"enotifwatchlistpages":0,"extendwatchlist":0,"externaldiff":0,"externaleditor":0,"fancysig":0,"forceeditsummary":0,"gender":"unknown","hideminor":0,"hidepatrolled":0,"imagesize":2,"justify":0,"math":1,"minordefault":0,"newpageshidepatrolled":0,"nocache":0,"noconvertlink":0,"norollbackdiff":0,"numberheadings":0,"previewonfirst":0,"previewontop":1,"quickbar":5,"rcdays":7,"rclimit":50,"rememberpassword":0,"rows":25,"searchlimit":20,"showhiddencats":0,"showjumplinks":1,"shownumberswatching":1,"showtoc":0,"showtoolbar":1,"skin":"cppreference2","stubthreshold":0,"thumbsize":2,"underline":2,"uselivepreview":0,"usenewrc":0,"watchcreations":0,"watchdefault":0,"watchdeletion":0,
"watchlistdays":3,"watchlisthideanons":0,"watchlisthidebots":0,"watchlisthideliu":0,"watchlisthideminor":0,"watchlisthideown":0,"watchlisthidepatrolled":0,"watchmoves":0,"wllimit":250,"variant":"en","language":"en","searchNs0":true,"searchNs1":false,"searchNs2":false,"searchNs3":false,"searchNs4":false,"searchNs5":false,"searchNs6":false,"searchNs7":false,"searchNs8":false,"searchNs9":false,"searchNs10":false,"searchNs11":false,"searchNs12":false,"searchNs13":false,"searchNs14":false,"searchNs15":false,"gadget-ColiruCompiler":1});;},{},{});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function(){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":false,"watchToken":false});;},{},{});
/* cache key: mwiki1-mwiki_en_:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:ca03345b1e2c4d90a25d968753a73b92 */
}</script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax"]);
}</script>
<style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
.source-cpp {line-height: normal;}
.source-cpp li, .source-cpp pre {
line-height: normal; border: 0px none white;
}
/**
* GeSHi Dynamically Generated Stylesheet
* --------------------------------------
* Dynamically generated stylesheet for cpp
* CSS class: source-cpp, CSS id:
* GeSHi (C) 2004 - 2007 Nigel McNie, 2007 - 2008 Benny Baumann
* (http://qbnz.com/highlighter/ and http://geshi.org/)
* --------------------------------------
*/
.cpp.source-cpp .de1, .cpp.source-cpp .de2 {font: normal normal 1em/1.2em monospace; margin:0; padding:0; background:none; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp {font-family:monospace;}
.cpp.source-cpp .imp {font-weight: bold; color: red;}
.cpp.source-cpp li, .cpp.source-cpp .li1 {font-weight: normal; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .ln {width:1px;text-align:right;margin:0;padding:0 2px;vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .li2 {font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw1 {color: #0000dd;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw2 {color: #0000ff;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw3 {color: #0000dd;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw4 {color: #0000ff;}
.cpp.source-cpp .co1 {color: #909090;}
.cpp.source-cpp .co2 {color: #339900;}
.cpp.source-cpp .coMULTI {color: #ff0000; font-style: italic;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es0 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es1 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es2 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es3 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es4 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es5 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .br0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy1 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy2 {color: #000040;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy3 {color: #000040;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy4 {color: #008080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .st0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu0 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu6 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu8 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu12 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu16 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu17 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu18 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu19 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .ln-xtra, .cpp.source-cpp li.ln-xtra, .cpp.source-cpp div.ln-xtra {background-color: #ffc;}
.cpp.source-cpp span.xtra { display:block; }
/*]]>*/
</style><style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
.source-text {line-height: normal;}
.source-text li, .source-text pre {
line-height: normal; border: 0px none white;
}
/**
* GeSHi Dynamically Generated Stylesheet
* --------------------------------------
* Dynamically generated stylesheet for text
* CSS class: source-text, CSS id:
* GeSHi (C) 2004 - 2007 Nigel McNie, 2007 - 2008 Benny Baumann
* (http://qbnz.com/highlighter/ and http://geshi.org/)
* --------------------------------------
*/
.text.source-text .de1, .text.source-text .de2 {font: normal normal 1em/1.2em monospace; margin:0; padding:0; background:none; vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text {font-family:monospace;}
.text.source-text .imp {font-weight: bold; color: red;}
.text.source-text li, .text.source-text .li1 {font-weight: normal; vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text .ln {width:1px;text-align:right;margin:0;padding:0 2px;vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text .li2 {font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;}
.text.source-text .ln-xtra, .text.source-text li.ln-xtra, .text.source-text div.ln-xtra {background-color: #ffc;}
.text.source-text span.xtra { display:block; }
/*]]>*/
</style><!--[if lt IE 7]><style type="text/css">body{behavior:url("/mwiki/skins/cppreference2/csshover.min.htc")}</style><![endif]--></head>
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_language_for skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
<!-- header -->
<div id="mw-head" class="noprint">
<div id="cpp-head-first-base">
<div id="cpp-head-first">
<h5><a href="../../../index.html">
cppreference.com </a></h5>
<div id="cpp-head-search">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-search">
<h5><label for="searchInput">Search</label></h5>
<form action="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" id="searchform">
<input type='hidden' name="title" value="Special:Search"/>
<div id="simpleSearch">
<input name="search" title="Search cppreference.com [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" /> <button type="submit" name="button" title="Search the pages for this text" id="searchButton"><img src="../../../mwiki/skins/cppreference2/images/search-ltr.png%3F303" alt="Search" /></button> </div>
</form>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
</div>
<div id="cpp-head-personal">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-personal" class="">
<span id="pt-createaccount"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=cpp%2Flanguage%2Ffor&type=signup">Create account</a></span> <div class="menu">
<ul>
<li id="pt-login"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=cpp%2Flanguage%2Ffor" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="cpp-head-second-base">
<div id="cpp-head-second">
<div id="cpp-head-tools-left">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-namespaces" class="vectorTabs">
<h5>Namespaces</h5>
<ul>
<li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="for.html" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Page</a></span></li>
<li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Talk:cpp/language/for" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Discussion</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
<!-- 1 -->
<div id="p-variants" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
<h5><span>Variants</span><a href="for.html#"></a></h5>
<div class="menu">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /1 -->
</div>
<div id="cpp-head-tools-right">
<!-- 0 -->
<div id="p-views" class="vectorTabs">
<h5>Views</h5>
<ul>
<li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="for.html" >View</a></span></li>
<li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit" title="You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li>
<li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">History</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- /0 -->
<!-- 1 -->
<div id="p-cactions" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
<h5><span>Actions</span><a href="for.html#"></a></h5>
<div class="menu">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /1 -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /header -->
<!-- content -->
<div id="cpp-content-base">
<div id="content">
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div>
<!-- firstHeading -->
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">for loop</h1>
<!-- /firstHeading -->
<!-- bodyContent -->
<div id="bodyContent">
<!-- tagline -->
<div id="siteSub">From cppreference.com</div>
<!-- /tagline -->
<!-- subtitle -->
<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="../../cpp.html" title="cpp">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language">language</a></span></div>
<!-- /subtitle -->
<!-- bodycontent -->
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="t-navbar" style=""><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../../cpp.html" title="cpp"> C++</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="line-height:1.1em;">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language"> Language</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../header.html" title="cpp/header"> Standard library headers</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../concept.html" title="cpp/concept"> Concepts</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../utility.html" title="cpp/utility"> Utilities library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../string.html" title="cpp/string"> Strings library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../container.html" title="cpp/container"> Containers library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../algorithm.html" title="cpp/algorithm"> Algorithms library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator"> Iterators library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../numeric.html" title="cpp/numeric"> Numerics library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../io.html" title="cpp/io"> Input/output library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../locale.html" title="cpp/locale"> Localizations library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../regex.html" title="cpp/regex"> Regular expressions library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../atomic.html" title="cpp/atomic"> Atomic operations library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../thread.html" title="cpp/thread"> Thread support library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../experimental.html" title="cpp/experimental"> Technical Specifications</a> </td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language"> C++ language</a></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements"> Statements</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div style="display:inline-block">
<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Labels </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements"> <span class="t-spar">label</span> : <span class="t-spar">statement</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Expression statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements"> <span class="t-spar">expression</span> ; </a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Compound statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements"> { <span class="t-spar">statement</span>... } </a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Selection statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="if.html" title="cpp/language/if"> if</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="switch.html" title="cpp/language/switch"> switch</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Iteration statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="while.html" title="cpp/language/while"> while</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="do.html" title="cpp/language/do"> do-while</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink"> for</strong></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="range-for.html" title="cpp/language/range-for"> range for</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Jump statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="break.html" title="cpp/language/break"> break</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="continue.html" title="cpp/language/continue"> continue</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="return.html" title="cpp/language/return"> return</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="goto.html" title="cpp/language/goto"> goto</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Declaration statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations"> <span class="t-spar">declaration</span> ; </a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Try blocks </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="try_catch.html" title="cpp/language/try catch"> try <span class="t-spar">compound-statement</span> <span class="t-spar">handler-sequence</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Transactional memory </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="transactional_memory.html" title="cpp/language/transactional memory"> <code>syncronized</code>, <code>atomic_commit</code></a>, etc<span class="t-mark-rev t-since-tm-ts t-mark-ts">(TM TS)</span></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/language/statements/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>Executes <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span> once, then executes <span class="t-spar">statement</span> and <span class="t-spar">iteration_expression</span> repeatedly, until the value of <span class="t-spar">condition</span> becomes false. The test takes place before each iteration.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="for.html#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="for.html#Explanation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Explanation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="for.html#Keywords"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Keywords</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="for.html#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="for.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="for.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Syntax">Syntax</span></h3>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">     <i>formal syntax:</i>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad"> <span class="t-spar">attr</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>for (</b></code> <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span> <span class="t-spar">condition</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>;</b></code> <span class="t-spar">iteration_expression</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>)</b></code> <span class="t-spar">statement</span>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">     <i>informal syntax:</i>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad"> <span class="t-spar">attr</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>for (</b></code> <span class="t-spar">declaration-or-expression</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>;</b></code> <span class="t-spar">declaration-or-expression</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>;</b></code> <span class="t-spar">expression</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span> <code><b>)</b></code> <span class="t-spar">statement</span>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<table class="t-par-begin">
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">attr</span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> any number of <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attributes</a>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> either
<ul><li> an <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements">expression statement</a> (which may be a <i>null statement</i> "<code><b>;</b></code>")
</li><li> a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration statement</a>, typically a declaration of a loop counter variable with initializer, but it may declare arbitrary many variables
</li></ul>
<dl><dd>Note that any <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span> must end with a semicolon <code><b>;</b></code>, which is why it is often described informally as an expression or a declaration followed by a semicolon.
</dd></dl>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">condition</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> either
<ul><li> an <a href="expressions.html" title="cpp/language/expressions">expression</a> which is <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">contextually convertible</a> to bool. This expression is evaluated before each iteration, and if it yields <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">false</span></span></span>, the loop is exited.
</li><li> a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a> of a single variable with a brace-or-equals <a href="initialization.html" title="cpp/language/initialization">initializer</a>. the initializer is evaluated before each iteration, and if the value of the declared variable converts to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">false</span></span></span>, the loop is exited.
</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">iteration_expression</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> any <a href="expressions.html" title="cpp/language/expressions">expression</a>, which is executed after every iteration of the loop and before re-evaluating <span class="t-spar">condition</span>. Typically, this is the expression that increments the loop counter
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> <span class="t-spar">statement</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> any <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements">statement</a>, typically a compound statement, which is the body of the loop
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Explanation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Explanation">Explanation</span></h3>
<p>The above syntax produces code equivalent to:
</p>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad"> <code><b>{</b></code><br />
<dl><dd><span class="t-spar">init_statement</span> <br />
</dd><dd><code><b>while (</b></code> <span class="t-spar">condition</span> <code><b>) {</b></code> <br />
<dl><dd><span class="t-spar">statement</span> <br />
</dd><dd><span class="t-spar">iteration_expression</span> <code><b>;</b></code> <br />
</dd></dl>
</dd><dd><code><b>} </b></code>
</dd></dl>
<p><code><b>} </b></code>
</p>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<p>Except that
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> Names declared by the <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span> (if <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span> is a declaration) and names declared by <span class="t-spar">condition</span> (if condition is a declaration) are in the same scope (which is also the scope of <span class="t-spar">statement</span>).</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> <a href="continue.html" title="cpp/language/continue">continue</a> in the <span class="t-spar">statement</span> will execute <span class="t-spar">iteration_expression</span></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> Empty <span class="t-spar">condition</span> is equivalent to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">while</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw2">true</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span></div>
<p>If the execution of the loop needs to be terminated at some point, <a href="break.html" title="cpp/language/break"> break statement</a> can be used as terminating statement.
</p><p>If the execution of the loop needs to be continued at the end of the loop body, <a href="continue.html" title="cpp/language/continue"> continue statement</a> can be used as shortcut.
</p><p>As is the case with <a href="while.html" title="cpp/language/while">while</a> loop, if <span class="t-spar">statement</span> is a single statement (not a compound statement), the scope of variables declared in it is limited to the loop body as if it was a compound statement.
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy4">;;</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// n goes out of scope</span></pre></div></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Keywords">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Keywords">Keywords</span></h3>
<p><a href="../keyword/for.html" title="cpp/keyword/for"><tt>for</tt></a>
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<p>While in C++, the scope of the <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span> and the scope of <span class="t-spar">statement</span> are one and the same, in C the scope of <span class="t-spar">statement</span> is nested within the scope of <span class="t-spar">init-statement</span>:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> i <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">long</span> i <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// valid C, invalid C++</span>
<span class="co1">// ...</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="co1">// typical loop with a single statement as the body</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> i <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> i <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>i<span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> i <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// init-statement can declare multiple names, as long as they</span>
<span class="co1">// can use the same decl-specifier-seq</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> i<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="sy2">*</span>p <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>i<span class="sy4">;</span> i <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="nu0">9</span><span class="sy4">;</span> i<span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> i <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">':'</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>p <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// condition may be a declaration</span>
<span class="kw4">char</span> cstr<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"Hello"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> c <span class="sy1">=</span> cstr<span class="br0">[</span>n<span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> c<span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// init-statement can use the auto type specifier</span>
<a href="../container/vector.html"><span class="kw1094">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> iter <span class="sy1">=</span> v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> iter <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>iter<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>iter <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// init-statement can be an expression</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Loop start<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Loop test<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Iteration "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span>n <span class="sy1">></span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="kw1">break</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0:0 2:2 4:4 6:6 8:8
Hello
3 1 4 1 5 9
Loop start
Loop test
Iteration 1
Loop test
Iteration 2
Loop test</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <a href="range-for.html" title="cpp/language/range-for"> range-for loop </a>
</td>
<td> executes loop over range <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/language/dsc_range-for&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see"><span><a href="../../c/language/for.html" title="c/language/for">C documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>for</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</table>
<!--
NewPP limit report
Preprocessor visited node count: 1800/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 5113/1000000
Post‐expand include size: 44021/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 12664/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 13/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/100
-->
<!-- Saved in parser cache with key mwiki1-mwiki_en_:pcache:idhash:696-0!*!0!!en!*!* and timestamp 20151009230831 -->
</div> <!-- /bodycontent -->
<!-- printfooter -->
<div class="printfooter">
Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&oldid=76921">http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&oldid=76921</a>" </div>
<!-- /printfooter -->
<!-- catlinks -->
<div id='catlinks' class='catlinks catlinks-allhidden'></div> <!-- /catlinks -->
<div class="visualClear"></div>
<!-- debughtml -->
<!-- /debughtml -->
</div>
<!-- /bodyContent -->
</div>
</div>
<!-- /content -->
<!-- footer -->
<div id="cpp-footer-base" class="noprint">
<div id="footer">
<div id="cpp-navigation">
<h5>Navigation</h5>
<ul>
<li id="n-Support-us"><a href="http://www.cppreference.com/support" rel="nofollow">Support us</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-FAQ"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li id="n-Offline-version"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:Archives">Offline version</a></li> </ul>
</div>
<div id="cpp-toolbox">
<h5><span>Toolbox</span><a href="for.html#"></a></h5>
<ul>
<li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:WhatLinksHere/cpp/language/for" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:RecentChangesLinked/cpp/language/for" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload"><a href="http://upload.cppreference.com/w/Special:Upload" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&printable=yes" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&oldid=76921" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/for&action=info">Page information</a></li> </ul>
</div>
<div id="cpp-languages">
<div><ul><li>In other languages</li></ul></div>
<div><ul>
<li class="interwiki-de"><a href="http://de.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li><li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li><li class="interwiki-it"><a href="http://it.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li><li class="interwiki-ja"><a href="http://ja.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li><li class="interwiki-pt"><a href="http://pt.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li><li class="interwiki-ru"><a href="http://ru.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li><li class="interwiki-zh"><a href="http://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/for" title="cpp/language/for" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> </ul></div>
</div>
<ul id="footer-info">
<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 6 March 2015, at 11:02.</li>
<li id="footer-info-viewcount">This page has been accessed 55,475 times.</li>
</ul>
<ul id="footer-places">
<li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:Privacy_policy" title="Cppreference:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-about"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:About" title="Cppreference:About">About cppreference.com</a></li>
<li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference:General_disclaimer" title="Cppreference:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li>
</ul>
<ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
<li id="footer-poweredbyico">
<a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="../../../mwiki/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" /></a> <a href="http://qbnz.com/highlighter/"><img src="../../../../upload.cppreference.com/mwiki/images/2/2b/powered_by_geshi_88x31.png" alt="Powered by GeSHi" height="31" width="88" /></a> <a href="http://www.tigertech.net/referral/cppreference.com"><img src="../../../../upload.cppreference.com/mwiki/images/9/94/powered_by_tigertech_88x31.png" alt="Hosted by Tiger Technologies" height="31" width="88" /></a> </li>
</ul>
<div style="clear:both">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /footer -->
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.state({"site":"loading","user":"missing","user.groups":"ready"});
}</script>
<script src="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=skins.cppreference2&only=scripts&skin=cppreference2&*"></script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","mediawiki.hidpi","ext.gadget.ColiruCompiler"], null, true);
}</script>
<script src="../../../mwiki/load.php%3Fdebug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=scripts&skin=cppreference2&*"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2828341-1']);
_gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'cppreference.com']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
</script><!-- Served in 1.494 secs. -->
</body>
<!-- Cached 20151009230831 -->
</html>
|
