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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../locale.html" title="cpp/locale"> Localizations library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../regex.html" title="cpp/regex"> Regular expressions library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../atomic.html" title="cpp/atomic"> Atomic operations library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../thread.html" title="cpp/thread"> Thread support library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../experimental.html" title="cpp/experimental"> Technical Specifications</a> </td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../language.1.html" title="cpp/language"> C++ language</a></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="expressions.html" title="cpp/language/expressions"> Expressions</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div style="display:inline-block">
<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> General </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category"> value categories</a> (lvalue, rvalue, xvalue)</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="eval_order.html" title="cpp/language/eval order"> order of evaluation</a> (sequence points)</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="constant_expression.html" title="cpp/language/constant expression"> constant expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="expressions.html#Unevaluated_expressions" title="cpp/language/expressions"> unevaluated expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="expressions.html#Primary_expressions" title="cpp/language/expressions"> primary expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda-expression</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Literals </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="integer_literal.html" title="cpp/language/integer literal">integer literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="floating_literal.html" title="cpp/language/floating literal">floating-point literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="bool_literal.html" title="cpp/language/bool literal">boolean literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="character_literal.html" title="cpp/language/character literal">character literals</a> including <a href="escape.html" title="cpp/language/escape">escape sequences</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="string_literal.html" title="cpp/language/string literal">string literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="nullptr.html" title="cpp/language/nullptr">null pointer literal</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="user_literal.html" title="cpp/language/user literal">user-defined literal</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Operators </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment"> Assignment operators</a>:
<code>a=b</code>, <code>a+=b</code>, <code>a-=b</code>, <code>a*=b</code>, <code>a/=b</code>, <code>a%=b</code>, <code>a&=b</code>, <code>a|=b</code>, <code>a^=b</code>, <code>a<<=b</code>, <code>a>>=</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="cpp/language/operator incdec"> Increment and decrement</a>: <code>++a</code>, <code>--a</code>, <code>a++</code>, <code>a--</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic"> Arithmetic operators</a>:
<code>+a</code>, <code>-a</code>, <code>a+b</code>, <code>a-b</code>, <code>a*b</code>, <code>a/b</code>, <code>a%b</code>, <code>~a</code>, <code>a&b</code>, <code>a|b</code>, <code>a^b</code>, <code>a<<b</code>, <code>a>>b</code> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical"> Logical operators</a>: <code>a||b</code>, <code>a&&b</code>, <code>!a</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison"> Comparison operators</a>: <code>a==b</code>, <code>a!=b</code>, <code>a<b</code>, <code>a>b</code>, <code>a<=b</code>, <code>a>=b</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink"> Member access operators</strong>: <code>a[b]</code>, <code>*a</code>, <code>&a</code>, <code>a->b</code>, <code>a.b</code>, <code>a->*b</code>, <code>a.*b</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_other.html" title="cpp/language/operator other"> Other operators</a>: <code>a(...)</code>, <code>a,b</code>, <code>a?b:c</code> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_alternative.html" title="cpp/language/operator alternative">Alternative representations of operators</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_precedence.html" title="cpp/language/operator precedence">Precedence and associativity</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="fold.html" title="cpp/language/fold">Fold expression</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new-expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="delete.html" title="cpp/language/delete">delete-expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="throw.html" title="cpp/language/throw">throw-expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="alignof.html" title="cpp/language/alignof">alignof</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="sizeof.html" title="cpp/language/sizeof">sizeof</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="sizeof....html" title="cpp/language/sizeof...">sizeof...</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="typeid.html" title="cpp/language/typeid">typeid</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="noexcept.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept">noexcept</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">Operator overloading</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Conversions </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">Implicit conversions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast">const_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast">static_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast">reinterpret_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast">dynamic_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">Explicit conversions</a> <code>(T)a</code>, <code>T(a)</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="cast_operator.html" title="cpp/language/cast operator">User-defined conversion</a></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/language/expressions/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>Accesses a member of its operand.
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;">
<tr>
<th rowspan="2"> Operator name
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> Syntax
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">Over​load​able</a>
</th>
<th colspan="2"> Prototype examples (for <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">class</span> T</span></span>)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th> Inside class definition
</th>
<th> Outside class definition
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> subscript
</td>
<td> <code>a[b]</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy3">&</span> T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">(</span>S b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> indirection
</td>
<td> <code>*a</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy3">&</span> T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>T a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> address-of
</td>
<td> <code>&a</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy2">*</span> T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="sy3">&</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy2">*</span> operator<span class="sy3">&</span><span class="br0">(</span>T a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> member of object
</td>
<td> <code>a.b</code>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no"> No
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> member of pointer
</td>
<td> <code>a->b</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy2">*</span> T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> pointer to member of object
</td>
<td> <code>a.*b</code>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no"> No
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> pointer to member of pointer
</td>
<td> <code>a->*b</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy3">&</span> T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>S b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>T a, S b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5">
<dl><dd><b>Notes</b><br />
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> As with most user-defined overloads, return types should match return types provided by the built-in operators so that <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">the user-defined operators</a> can be used in the same manner as the built-ins. However, in a user-defined operator overload, any type can be used as return type (including <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span>). One exception is <code>operator-></code>, which must return a pointer or another class with overloaded <code>operator-></code>.
</li></ul>
</td></tr></table>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Explanation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Explanation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_subscript_operator"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in subscript operator</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_indirection_operator"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in indirection operator</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_address-of_operator"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in address-of operator</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_member_access_operators"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in member access operators</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_pointer-to-member_access_operators"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in pointer-to-member access operators</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Standard_library"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Standard library</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="operator_member_access.html#Defect_reports"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Defect reports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="operator_member_access.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Explanation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Explanation">Explanation</span></h3>
<p>Built-in <i>subscript</i> operator provides access to an object of function pointed-to by the <a href="pointer.html" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointer</a> or <a href="array.html" title="cpp/language/array">array</a> operand.
</p><p>Built-in <i>indirection</i> operator provides access to an object or function pointed-to by the pointer operand.
</p><p>Built-in <i>address-of</i> operator creates a pointer pointing to the object or function operand.
</p><p><i>Member of object</i> and <i>pointer to member of object</i> operators provide access to a member object or member function of the class operand.
</p><p>Built-in <i>member of pointer</i> and <i>pointer to member of pointer</i> operators provide access to a member object or member function of the class pointed-to by the pointer operand.
</p>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Built-in subscript operator">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_subscript_operator">Built-in subscript operator</span></h4>
<p>For every object type <code>T</code> (possibly cv-qualified), the following function signature participates in overload resolution:
</p>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">(</span>T<span class="sy2">*</span>, <a href="../types/ptrdiff_t.html"><span class="kw101">std::<span class="me2">ptrdiff_t</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../types/ptrdiff_t.html"><span class="kw101">std::<span class="me2">ptrdiff_t</span></span></a>, T<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The non-pointer operand may be any expression of integral or unscoped enumeration type, it is <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">implicitly converted</a> to <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/ptrdiff_t.html" title="cpp/types/ptrdiff t">std::ptrdiff_t</a></span>. The expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1<span class="br0">[</span>E2<span class="br0">]</span></span></span> is exactly identical to the expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>E1 <span class="sy2">+</span> E2<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, that is, the pointer operand (which may be a result of array-to-pointer conversion, and which must point to an element of some array or one past the end) is adjusted to point to another element of the same array, following the rules of <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">pointer arithmetics</a>, and is then dereferenced.
</p><p>When applied to an array, the subscript expression is an <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">lvalue</a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span> if the array is an lvalue, and an <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">xvalue</a> if it isn't</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span>. When applied to a pointer, the subscript expression is always an lvalue.
</p><p>The type <code>T</code> is not allowed to be an <a href="incomplete_type.html" title="cpp/language/incomplete type" class="mw-redirect">incomplete type</a>, even if the size or internal structure of <code>T</code> is never used, as in <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">&</span>x<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span>.
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> p <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> p<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> p<span class="br0">[</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">[</span>p<span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span>p<span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">4242</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Built-in indirection operator">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_indirection_operator">Built-in indirection operator</span></h4>
<p>For every type <code>T</code> that is either object type (possibly cv-qualified) or function type (not const- or ref-qualified), the following function signature participates in overload resolution:
</p>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>T<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The operand of the built-in indirection operator is a pointer to object or function, and the result is the lvalue that the pointer is pointing to. Note that a pointer to incomplete type can be dereferenced, e.g. when initializing a reference.
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="nu0">42</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pn <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>n<span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy3">&</span> r <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>pn<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// lvalue can be bound to a reference</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> m <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>pn<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// indirection + lvalue-to-rvalue conversion</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>fp<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>f<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>fr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>fp<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// function lvalue can be bound to a reference </span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p><br />
</p>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Built-in address-of operator">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_address-of_operator">Built-in address-of operator</span></h4>
<p>The operand of the built-in <code>operator&</code> is either an lvalue expression of any type or the qualified name of a non-static member object or member function in some class. This operator does not participate in overload resolution. If there are no <a href="overload_resolution.html#Viable_functions" title="cpp/language/overload resolution">viable functions</a>, special rules are used:
</p>
<ul><li> If the operand is an lvalue expression of some type <code>T</code>, <code>operator&</code> creates and returns a prvalue of type <code>T*</code>, with the same cv qualification, that is pointing to the object designated by the operand. If the operand has incomplete type, the pointer can be formed, but if that incomplete type happens to be a class that defines its own <code>operator&</code>, <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx14"><span>the behavior is undefined</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(until C++14)</span></span></span> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx14"><span>it is unspecified whether the built-in or the overload is used</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(since C++14)</span></span></span>. For the operands of type with user-defined <code>operator&</code>, <span class="t-lc"><a href="../memory/addressof.html" title="cpp/memory/addressof">std::addressof</a></span> may be used to obtain the true pointer.
</li><li> If the operand is the name of an overloaded function, the address may be taken only if the overload can be resolved due to context. See <a href="overloaded_address.html" title="cpp/language/overloaded address">Address of an overloaded function</a> for details.
</li><li> If the operand is a qualified name of a non-static member, e.g. <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">&</span>C<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">member</span></span></span>, the result is a prvalue <a href="pointer.html#Pointers_to_member_functions" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointer to member function</a> or <a href="pointer.html#Pointers_to_data_members" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointer to member object</a> of type <code>T</code> in class <code>C</code>. Note that neither <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">&</span>member</span></span> nor <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">C<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">member</span></span></span> nor even <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">&</span><span class="br0">(</span>C<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">member</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> may be used to initialize a pointer to member.
</li></ul>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">double</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> A <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> i<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> B <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pn <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>n<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// pointer</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> A<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="sy2">*</span> mp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>A<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">i</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// pointer to member object</span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> <span class="br0">(</span>B<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="sy2">*</span>mpf<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>B<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">f</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// pointer to member function</span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>pf<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>f<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// overload resolution due to initialization context</span>
<span class="co1">// auto pf2 = &f; // error: ambiguous overloaded function type</span>
<span class="kw4">auto</span> pf2 <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">void</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>f<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// overload resolution due to cast</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p><br />
</p>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Built-in member access operators">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_member_access_operators">Built-in member access operators</span></h4>
<p>The first operand of the <code>operator.</code> is an expression of <a href="incomplete_type.html" title="cpp/language/incomplete type" class="mw-redirect">complete class type</a> <code>T</code>. The first operand of the built-in <code>operator-></code> is an expression of pointer to complete class type <code>T*</code>. The first operand of both operators is evaluated even if it is not necessary (e.g. when the second operand names a static member).
</p><p>The second operand of both operators is a name of (formally, an <a href="name.html#In_expressions" title="cpp/language/identifiers">id-expression</a> that names) a member object or member function of <code>T</code> or of an unambiguous and accessible base class <code>B</code> of <code>T</code> (e.g. <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="me1">E2</span></span></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>E2</span></span>), optionally <a href="name.html#Qualified_identifiers" title="cpp/language/identifiers">qualified</a> (e.g. <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="me1">B</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">E2</span></span></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>B<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">E2</span></span></span>), optionally using <a href="dependent_name.html" title="cpp/language/dependent name">template disambiguator</a> (e.g. <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="kw1">template</span> E2</span></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="kw1">template</span> E2</span></span>).
</p><p>If a user-defined <code>operator-></code> is provided, the <code>operator-></code> is called again on the value that it returns, recursively, until an <code>operator-></code> is reached that returns a plain pointer. After that, built-in semantics are applied to that pointer.
</p><p>The expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>E2</span></span> is exactly equivalent to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>E1<span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">E2</span></span></span> for built-in types; that is why the following rules address only <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="me1">E2</span></span></span>.
</p><p>In the expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="me1">E2</span></span></span>:
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a <a href="static.html" title="cpp/language/static">static data member</a>:
<ul><li> if <code>E2</code> is of reference type <code>T&</code> or <code>T&&</code>, the result is an lvalue of type <code>T</code> designating the object or function to which <code>E2</code> refers,
</li><li> otherwise, the result is an lvalue designating that static data member.
</li></ul>
<dl><dd> Essentially, <code>E1</code> is evaluated and discarded in both cases;</div>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a <a href="data_members.html" title="cpp/language/data members">non-static data member</a>:
<ul><li> if <code>E2</code> is of reference type <code>T&</code> or <code>T&&</code>, the result is an lvalue of type <code>T</code> designating the object or function to which <code>E2</code> refers,
</li><li> otherwise, if <code>E1</code> is an lvalue, the result is an lvalue designating that non-static data member of <code>E1</code>,
</li><li> otherwise (if <code>E1</code> is an <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">rvalue</a>), the result is an <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx11"><span>rvalue</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(until C++11)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>xvalue</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span> designating that non-static data member of <code>E1</code>.
</li></ul>
<dl><dd> If <code>E2</code> is not a mutable member, the <a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv">cv-qualification</a> of the result is the union of the cv-qualifications of <code>E1</code> and <code>E2</code>, otherwise (if <code>E2</code> is a mutable member), it is the union of the volatile-qualifications of <code>E1</code> and <code>E2</code>;</div>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a <a href="static.html" title="cpp/language/static">static member function</a>, the result is an lvalue designating that static member function. Essentially, <code>E1</code> is evaluated and discarded in this case;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a <a href="member_functions.html" title="cpp/language/member functions">non-static member function</a> including a <a href="destructor.html" title="cpp/language/destructor">destructor</a>, the result is a special kind of prvalue designating that non-static member function of <code>E1</code> that can only be used as the left-hand operand of a member function call operator, and for no other purpose;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a member enumerator, the result is a prvalue equal to that member enumerator of <code>E1</code>;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a <a href="nested_classes.html" title="cpp/language/nested classes" class="mw-redirect">nested type</a>, the program is ill-formed (won't compile);</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> if <code>E1</code> is a <a href="type-id.html" title="cpp/language/type">scalar type</a> and <code>E2</code> is a <code><b>~</b></code> followed by the <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type name</a> or <a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype">decltype specifier</a> designating the same type (minus cv-qualifications), optionally <a href="name.html#Qualified_identifiers" title="cpp/language/identifiers">qualified</a>, the result is a special kind of prvalue that can only be used as the left-hand operand of a member function call operator, and for no other purpose. The function call operator is called <i>pseudo destructor call operator</i>, it takes no arguments, returns void, and performs no action other than initial evaluation of <code>E1</code>. This is the only case where the left-hand operand of <code>operator.</code> has non-class type. Allowing pseudo destructor call makes it possible to write code without having to know if a destructor exists for a given type.</div>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
 
<span class="kw1">struct</span> P
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">typename</span> T<span class="sy1">></span>
<span class="kw4">static</span> T<span class="sy2">*</span> ptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> new T<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">typename</span> T<span class="sy1">></span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> A
<span class="br0">{</span>
A<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">:</span> n<span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">static</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> sn<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="nu0">10</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> n<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">static</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> sf<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="nu0">4</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw1">class</span> B <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw2">enum</span> E <span class="br0">{</span>RED <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span>, BLUE <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> g<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">typedef</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> U<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// keyword template needed for a dependent template member</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span> p <span class="sy1">=</span> T<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="kw1">template</span> ptr<span class="sy1"><</span>U<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
p<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>~U<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// U is int, calls int's pseudo destructor</span>
delete p<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><></span> <span class="kw4">int</span> A<span class="sy1"><</span>P<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sn</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
A<span class="sy1"><</span>P<span class="sy1">></span> a<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> a.<span class="me1">n</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> a.<span class="me1">sn</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="co1">// A::sn also works</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> a.<span class="me1">f</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> a.<span class="me1">sf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="co1">// A::sf() also works</span>
<span class="co1">// << a.B << ' ' // error: nested type not allowed</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> a.<span class="me1">RED</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// enumerator</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">1 2 11 4 1</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Built-in pointer-to-member access operators">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_pointer-to-member_access_operators">Built-in pointer-to-member access operators</span></h4>
<p>The first operand of the <code>operator.*</code> is an expression of class type <code>T</code>. The first operand of the <code>operator->*</code> is an expression of type pointer to class type <code>T*</code>.
</p><p>The second operand of both operators is an expression of type pointer to member of <code>T</code> or pointer to member of an unambiguous and accessible base class <code>B</code> of <code>T</code>.
</p><p>For every combination of types <code>D</code>, <code>B</code>, <code>R</code>, where class type <code>B</code> is either the same class as <code>D</code> or an unambiguous and accessible base class of <code>D</code>, and <code>R</code> is either an object or function type, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:
</p>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R<span class="sy3">&</span> operator<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">(</span>D<span class="sy2">*</span>, R B<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>where both operands may be cv-qualified, in which case the return type's cv-qualification is the union of the cv-qualification of the operands.
</p><p>The expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span>E2</span></span> is exactly equivalent to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>E1<span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="sy2">*</span>E2</span></span> for built-in types; that is why the following rules address only <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="sy2">*</span>E2</span></span>.
</p><p>In the expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1.<span class="sy2">*</span>E2</span></span>:
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a pointer to data member,
<ul><li> if <code>E1</code> is an lvalue, the result is an lvalue designating that data member,
</li><li> otherwise (if <code>E1</code> is an rvalue), the result is an <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx11"><span>rvalue</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(until C++11)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>xvalue</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span> designating that data member;</div>
</li></ul>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a pointer to member function, the result is a special kind of prvalue designating that member function that can only be used as the left-hand operand of a member function call operator, and for no other purpose;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> cv-qualification rules are the same as for member of object operator, with one additional rule: a pointer to member that refers to a mutable member cannot be used to modify that member in a const object;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> if <code>E2</code> is a null pointer-to-member value, the behavior is undefined;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> if the <a href="type-id.html#Dynamic_type" title="cpp/language/type">dynamic type</a> of <code>E1</code> does not contain the member to which <code>E2</code> refers, the behavior is undefined;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> if <code>E1</code> is an rvalue and <code>E2</code> points to a member function with ref-qualifier &, the program is ill-formed;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> if <code>E1</code> is an lvalue and <code>E2</code> points to a member function with ref-qualifier &&, the program is ill-formed.</div>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
 
<span class="kw1">struct</span> S
<span class="br0">{</span>
S<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">:</span> mi<span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
mutable <span class="kw4">int</span> mi<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> mi <span class="sy2">+</span> n<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw1">struct</span> D<span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="kw1">public</span> S
<span class="br0">{</span>
D<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">:</span> S<span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> S<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pmi <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>S<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">mi</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> <span class="br0">(</span>S<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pf<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>S<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">f</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">const</span> S s<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">7</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// s.*pmi = 10; // error: cannot modify through mutable</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s.<span class="sy2">*</span>pmi <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
D d<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">7</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// base pointers work with derived object</span>
D<span class="sy2">*</span> pd <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="sy3">&</span>d<span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span>d.<span class="sy2">*</span>pf<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">7</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span>pd<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span>pf<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">8</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">7
14 15</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Standard library">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Standard_library">Standard library</span></h3>
<p>Subscript operator is overloaded by many standard container classes
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/bitset/operator_at.html" title="cpp/utility/bitset/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses specific bit <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::bitset</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/bitset/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../memory/unique_ptr/operator_at.html" title="cpp/memory/unique ptr/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> provides indexed access to the managed array <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::unique_ptr</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/memory/unique_ptr/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../string/basic_string/operator_at.html" title="cpp/string/basic string/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> access specified character <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::basic_string</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/string/basic_string/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/array/operator_at.html" title="cpp/container/array/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> access specified element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::array</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/deque/operator_at.html" title="cpp/container/deque/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> access specified element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::deque</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/vector/operator_at.html" title="cpp/container/vector/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> access specified element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::vector</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/map/operator_at.html" title="cpp/container/map/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> access specified element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::map</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/unordered_map/operator_at.html" title="cpp/container/unordered map/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> access specified element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::unordered_map</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/reverse_iterator/operator_at.html" title="cpp/iterator/reverse iterator/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses an element by index <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::reverse_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/reverse_iterator/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/move_iterator/operator_at.html" title="cpp/iterator/move iterator/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses an element by index <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::move_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/adaptor/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../numeric/valarray/operator_at.html" title="cpp/numeric/valarray/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> get/set valarray element, slice, or mask <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::valarray</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/numeric/valarray/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../regex/match_results/operator_at.html" title="cpp/regex/match results/operator at"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns specified sub-match <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::match_results</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/regex/match_results/dsc_operator_at&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The indirection and member operators are overloaded by many iterators and smart pointer classes
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../memory/unique_ptr/operator*.html" title="cpp/memory/unique ptr/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> dereferences pointer to the managed object <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::unique_ptr</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/memory/unique_ptr/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../memory/shared_ptr/operator*.html" title="cpp/memory/shared ptr/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> dereferences pointer to the managed object <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::shared_ptr</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/memory/shared_ptr/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../memory/auto_ptr/operator*.html" title="cpp/memory/auto ptr/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses the managed object <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::auto_ptr</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/memory/auto_ptr/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../memory/raw_storage_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/memory/raw storage iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> dereferences the iterator <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::raw_storage_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/memory/raw_storage_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/reverse_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/reverse iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> dereferences the decremented underlying iterator <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::reverse_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/reverse_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/back_insert_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/back insert iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> no-op <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::back_insert_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/inserter/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/front_insert_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/front insert iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> no-op <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::front_insert_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/inserter/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/insert_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/insert iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> no-op <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::insert_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/inserter/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/move_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/move iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses the pointed-to element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::move_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/adaptor/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/istream_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/istream iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the current element <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::istream_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/istream_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/ostream_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/ostream iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> no-op <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::ostream_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/ostream_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/istreambuf_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/istreambuf iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> obtains a copy of the current character<br />accesses a member of the current character, if <code>CharT</code> has members <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::istreambuf_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/istreambuf_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../iterator/ostreambuf_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/iterator/ostreambuf iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> no-op <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::ostreambuf_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/iterator/ostreambuf_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../regex/regex_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/regex/regex iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses the current match <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::regex_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/regex/regex_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../regex/regex_token_iterator/operator*.html" title="cpp/regex/regex token iterator/operator*"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> accesses current submatch <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::regex_token_iterator</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/regex/regex_token_iterator/dsc_operator*&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>No standard library classes overload <code>operator&</code> or <code>operator->*</code>. The best known example of overloaded <code>operator&</code> is the Microsoft COM class <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/31k6d0k7(v=vs.100).aspx">CComPtr</a>. <code>operator->*</code> is sometimes overloaded by third-party <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aristeia.com/Papers/DDJ_Oct_1999.pdf">custom smart pointers</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Defect reports">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Defect_reports">Defect reports</span></h3>
<p>The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.
</p>
<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
<tr>
<th> DR
</th>
<th> Applied to
</th>
<th> Behavior as published
</th>
<th> Correct behavior
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/cwg_defects.html#1213">CWG 1213</a>
</td>
<td> C++11
</td>
<td> subscripting an array rvalue resulted in lvalue
</td>
<td> reclassified as xvalue
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_member_access&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<p><a href="operator_precedence.html" title="cpp/language/operator precedence">Operator precedence</a>
</p><p><a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">Operator overloading</a>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr style="text-align:center">
<th colspan="7"> Common operators
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment"> assignment</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="cpp/language/operator incdec"> increment<br />decrement</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic"> arithmetic</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical"> logical</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison"> comparison</a>
</td>
<td> <strong class="selflink"> member<br />access</strong>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_other.html" title="cpp/language/operator other"> other</a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a <span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">/</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">&</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">|</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">^</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><<=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">>>=</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">++</span>a<br />
<span class="sy2">--</span>a<br />
a<span class="sy2">++</span><br />
a<span class="sy2">--</span></span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">+</span>a<br />
<span class="sy2">-</span>a<br />
a <span class="sy2">+</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">-</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">*</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">/</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">%</span> b<br />
~a<br />
a <span class="sy3">&</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">|</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">^</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><<</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">>></span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">!</span>a<br />
a <span class="sy3">&&</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">||</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a <span class="sy1">==</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">></span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">>=</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a<span class="br0">[</span>b<span class="br0">]</span><br />
<span class="sy2">*</span>a<br />
<span class="sy3">&</span>a<br />
a<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>b<br />
a.<span class="me1">b</span><br />
a<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span>b<br />
a.<span class="sy2">*</span>b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a<span class="br0">(</span>...<span class="br0">)</span><br />
a, b<br />
<span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="sy4">:</span></span></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="7"> Special operators
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7">
<p><a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><tt>static_cast</tt></a> converts one type to another related type <br />
<a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><tt>dynamic_cast</tt></a> converts within inheritance hierarchies <br />
<a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><tt>const_cast</tt></a> adds or removes <a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv">cv</a> qualifiers<br />
<a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><tt>reinterpret_cast</tt></a> converts type to unrelated type<br />
<a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">C-style cast</a> converts one type to another by a mix of <code>static_cast</code>, <code>const_cast</code>, and <code>reinterpret_cast</code> <br />
<a href="../memory/new/operator_new.html" title="cpp/memory/new/operator new"><tt>new</tt></a> allocates memory<br />
<a href="../memory/new/operator_delete.html" title="cpp/memory/new/operator delete"><tt>delete</tt></a> deallocates memory<br />
<a href="sizeof.html" title="cpp/language/sizeof"><tt>sizeof</tt></a> queries the size of a type<br />
<a href="sizeof....html" title="cpp/language/sizeof..."><tt>sizeof...</tt></a> queries the size of a <a href="parameter_pack.html" title="cpp/language/parameter pack">parameter pack</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="typeid.html" title="cpp/language/typeid"><tt>typeid</tt></a> queries the type information of a type<br />
<a href="noexcept.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept"><tt>noexcept</tt></a> checks if an expression can throw an exception <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="alignof.html" title="cpp/language/alignof"><tt>alignof</tt></a> queries alignment requirements of a type <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</p>
</td></tr></table>
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