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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="eval_order.html" title="cpp/language/eval order"> order of evaluation</a> (sequence points)</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="constant_expression.html" title="cpp/language/constant expression"> constant expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="expressions.html#Unevaluated_expressions" title="cpp/language/expressions"> unevaluated expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="expressions.html#Primary_expressions" title="cpp/language/expressions"> primary expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda-expression</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Literals </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="integer_literal.html" title="cpp/language/integer literal">integer literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="floating_literal.html" title="cpp/language/floating literal">floating-point literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="bool_literal.html" title="cpp/language/bool literal">boolean literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="character_literal.html" title="cpp/language/character literal">character literals</a> including <a href="escape.html" title="cpp/language/escape">escape sequences</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="string_literal.html" title="cpp/language/string literal">string literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="nullptr.html" title="cpp/language/nullptr">null pointer literal</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="user_literal.html" title="cpp/language/user literal">user-defined literal</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Operators </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment"> Assignment operators</a>:
<code>a=b</code>, <code>a+=b</code>, <code>a-=b</code>, <code>a*=b</code>, <code>a/=b</code>, <code>a%=b</code>, <code>a&=b</code>, <code>a|=b</code>, <code>a^=b</code>, <code>a<<=b</code>, <code>a>>=</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="cpp/language/operator incdec"> Increment and decrement</a>: <code>++a</code>, <code>--a</code>, <code>a++</code>, <code>a--</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic"> Arithmetic operators</a>:
<code>+a</code>, <code>-a</code>, <code>a+b</code>, <code>a-b</code>, <code>a*b</code>, <code>a/b</code>, <code>a%b</code>, <code>~a</code>, <code>a&b</code>, <code>a|b</code>, <code>a^b</code>, <code>a<<b</code>, <code>a>>b</code> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical"> Logical operators</a>: <code>a||b</code>, <code>a&&b</code>, <code>!a</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison"> Comparison operators</a>: <code>a==b</code>, <code>a!=b</code>, <code>a<b</code>, <code>a>b</code>, <code>a<=b</code>, <code>a>=b</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_member_access.html" title="cpp/language/operator member access"> Member access operators</a>: <code>a[b]</code>, <code>*a</code>, <code>&a</code>, <code>a->b</code>, <code>a.b</code>, <code>a->*b</code>, <code>a.*b</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink"> Other operators</strong>: <code>a(...)</code>, <code>a,b</code>, <code>a?b:c</code> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_alternative.html" title="cpp/language/operator alternative">Alternative representations of operators</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_precedence.html" title="cpp/language/operator precedence">Precedence and associativity</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="fold.html" title="cpp/language/fold">Fold expression</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new-expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="delete.html" title="cpp/language/delete">delete-expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="throw.html" title="cpp/language/throw">throw-expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="alignof.html" title="cpp/language/alignof">alignof</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="sizeof.html" title="cpp/language/sizeof">sizeof</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="sizeof....html" title="cpp/language/sizeof...">sizeof...</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="typeid.html" title="cpp/language/typeid">typeid</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="noexcept.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept">noexcept</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">Operator overloading</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Conversions </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">Implicit conversions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast">const_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast">static_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast">reinterpret_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast">dynamic_cast</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">Explicit conversions</a> <code>(T)a</code>, <code>T(a)</code></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="cast_operator.html" title="cpp/language/cast operator">User-defined conversion</a></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/language/expressions/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;">
<tr>
<th rowspan="2"> Operator name
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> Syntax
</th>
<th rowspan="2"> <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">Over​load​able</a>
</th>
<th colspan="2"> Prototype examples (for <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">class</span> T</span></span>)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th> Inside class definition
</th>
<th> Outside class definition
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td> function call
</td>
<td> <code>a(a1, a2)</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">R T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span>Arg1 <span class="sy3">&</span>a1, Arg2 <span class="sy3">&</span>a2, ... ...<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> comma
</td>
<td> <code>a, b</code>
</td>
<td style="background: #90ff90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes">Yes
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T2<span class="sy3">&</span> T<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span>,<span class="br0">(</span>T2 <span class="sy3">&</span>b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T2<span class="sy3">&</span> operator,<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> T <span class="sy3">&</span>a, T2 <span class="sy3">&</span>b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> ternary conditional
</td>
<td> <code>a ? b : c</code>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff9090; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no"> No
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td>
<td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> <small>N/A</small>
</td></tr></table>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="operator_other.html#Explanation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Explanation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="operator_other.html#Built-in_function_call_operator"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in function call operator</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="operator_other.html#Built-in_comma_operator"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Built-in comma operator</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="operator_other.html#Conditional_operator"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Conditional operator</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="operator_other.html#Standard_library"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Standard library</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="operator_other.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_other&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Explanation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Explanation">Explanation</span></h3>
<p>The <i>function call</i> operator provides function semantics for any object.
</p><p>The <i>ternary conditional</i> operator checks the boolean value of the first expression and, depending on the resulting value, evaluates and returns either the second or the third expression.
</p>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_other&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Built-in function call operator">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_function_call_operator">Built-in function call operator</span></h4>
<p>A function call expression, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E<span class="br0">(</span>A1, A2, A3<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, consists of an expression that names the <a href="functions.html" title="cpp/language/functions">function</a>, <code>E</code>, followed by a possibly empty list of expressions <code>A1, A2, A3, ...</code>, in parentheses.
</p><p>The expression that names the function can be
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">a)</span> lvalue expression that refers to a function</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">b)</span> pointer to function</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">c)</span> explicit <a href="operator_member_access.html" title="cpp/language/operator member access">class member access</a> expression that selects a member function</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">d)</span> implicit class member access expression, e.g. member function name used within another member function.</div>
<p>The function (or member) name specified by <code>E</code> can be overloaded, <a href="overload_resolution.html" title="cpp/language/overload resolution">overload resolution</a> rules used to decide which overload is to be called.
</p><p>If <code>E</code> specifies a member function, it may be virtual, in which case the final overrider of that function will be called, using dynamic dispatch at runtime.
</p><p>To call the function, all expressions <code>A1</code>, <code>A2</code>, <code>A3</code>, etc, provided as arguments are evaluated in arbitrary order, and each function parameter is initialized with its corresponding argument after <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">implicit conversion</a> if neccessary. If the call is made to a member function, then the <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">this</span></span> pointer to current object is converted as if by explicit cast to the <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">this</span></span> pointer expected by the function. The initialization and destruction of each parameter occurs in the context of the caller, which means, for example, that if constructor of a parameter throws an exception, the exception handlers defined within the function, even as a function-try block, are not considered. If the function is a variadic function, <a href="../utility/variadic.html#Default_conversions" title="cpp/utility/variadic">default argument promotions</a> are applied to all arguments matched by the ellipsis parameter.
</p><p>The return type of a function call expression is the return type of the chosen function, decided using static binding (ignoring the <code>virtual</code> keyword), even if the overriding function that's actually called returns a different type. This allows the overriding functions to return pointers or references to classes that are derived from the return type returned by the base function, i.e. C++ supports <a href="http://en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Covariant_return_type" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Covariant return type">covariant return types</a>. If <code>E</code> specifies a destructor, the return type is <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span>.
</p><p>The value category of a function call expression is lvalue if the function returns an lvalue reference or an rvalue reference to function, is an xvalue if the function returns an rvalue reference to object, and is a prvalue otherwise. If the function call expression is a prvalue of object type, it must have complete type except when used as an operand to <a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype">decltype</a>.
</p><p>Function call expression is similar in syntax to value initialization <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, to <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">function-style cast</a> expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="br0">(</span>A1<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, and to direct initialization of a temporary <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="br0">(</span>A1, A2, A3, ...<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, where <code>T</code> is the name of a type.
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <cstdio></span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> S
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> f1<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">double</span> d<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
printf<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%f <span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, d<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// variable argument function call</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> f2<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
f1<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">7</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// member function call, same as this->f1()</span>
<span class="co1">// integer argument converted to double</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
puts<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"function called"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// function call</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// function call</span>
S s<span class="sy4">;</span>
s.<span class="me1">f2</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// member function call</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">function called
7.000000</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_other&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Built-in comma operator">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Built-in_comma_operator">Built-in comma operator</span></h4>
<p>In a comma expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1, E2</span></span>, the expression <code>E1</code> is evaluated, its result is discarded, and its side effects are completed before evaluation of the expression <code>E2</code> begins (note that a user-defined <code>operator,</code> cannot guarantee sequencing).
</p><p>The type, value, and value category of the result of the comma expression are exactly the type, value, and value category of the second operand, <code>E2</code>. If <code>E2</code> is a temporary, the result of the expression is that temporary. If <code>E2</code> is a bit-field, the result is a bit-field.
</p><p>The comma in various comma-separated lists, such as function argument lists (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f<span class="br0">(</span>a, b, c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>) and initializer lists <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span> a<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>,<span class="nu0">2</span>,<span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span></span></span>, is not the comma operator. If the comma operator needs to be used in such contexts, it has to be parenthesized: <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">f<span class="br0">(</span>a, <span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="sy2">++</span>, n<span class="sy2">+</span>b<span class="br0">)</span>, c<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> m <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">++</span>n, <a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"n = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>, <span class="sy2">++</span>n, <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy2">*</span>n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1481">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"m = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">++</span>m, m<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">n = 2
m = 7</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_other&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conditional operator">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Conditional_operator">Conditional operator</span></h4>
<p>The first operand of the conditional operator is evaluated and <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit cast">contextually converted</a> to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span>. After both the value evaluation and all side effects of the first operand are completed, if the result was <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span>, the second operand is evaluated. If the result was <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">false</span></span></span>, the third operand is evaluated.
</p><p>The type and value category of the conditional expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">E1 <span class="sy4">?</span> E2 <span class="sy4">:</span> E3</span></span> are determined according to the following rules:
</p>
<ol><li> If either <code>E2</code> or <code>E3</code> has type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span>, one of the following must be true, or the program is ill-formed:
<ul><li>Either <code>E2</code> or <code>E3</code> (but not both) is a (possibly parenthesized) <a href="throw.html" title="cpp/language/throw">throw-expression</a>. The result of the conditional operator has the type and the value category of the other expression. If the other expression is a <a href="bit_field.html" title="cpp/language/bit field">bit field</a>, the result is a bit field. Such conditional operator is commonly used in C++11 <a href="constexpr.html" title="cpp/language/constexpr">constexpr programming</a>.
</li><li>Both <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> are of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span> (including the case when they are both throw-expressions). The result is a prvalue of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span>.
</li></ul>
</li><li> Otherwise, if <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> have different types, at least one of which is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type, or both are glvalues of the same value category and have the same type except for cv-qualification, then an attempt is made to convert one of the operands to match the type of the other, as described below. If both operands can be converted, or if only one can be converted but the conversion is ambiguous, the program is ill-formed. If no conversion can be performed, the operands are left unchanged. If only one operand can be converted, the conversion is applied and the converted operand is used in place of the original operand. In both cases, further analysis is then performed starting from step 3. <p>An operand (call it <code>S</code>) of type <code>TS</code> can be converted to match the other operand (call it <code>T</code>) of type <code>TT</code> as follows:
<ul><li> If <code>T</code> is an lvalue, an implicit conversion to the type <code>TT&</code> is attempted, provided that the reference must bind directly for the conversion to succeed;
</li><li> If <code>T</code> is an xvalue, an implicit conversion to the type <code>TT&&</code> is attempted, provided that the reference must bind directly for the conversion to succeed;
</li><li> If <code>T</code> is an prvalue, or if neither the above conversions can be done and at least one of <code>TS</code> and <code>TT</code> is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type:
<ul><li> If both <code>S</code> and <code>T</code> have class type, and the underlying class types are the same class or one is a base class of another, then <code>S</code> can be converted to match <code>T</code> if the class of <code>TT</code> is the same type as, or a base class of, the class of <code>TS</code> and the cv-qualification of <code>TT</code> is the same as or greater than that of <code>TS</code>. The conversion changes <code>S</code> into a prvalue of type <code>TT</code> by by copy-initializing a temporary object of the base type.
</li><li> Otherwise, an implicit conversion is attempted to the type <code>T</code> would have after applying the lvalue-to-rvalue, array-to-pointer, and function-to-pointer standard conversions.
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>If <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> are glvalues of the same type and the same value category, then the result has the same type and value category, and is a bit-field if at least one of <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> is a bit-field.
</li><li>Otherwise, the result is a prvalue. If <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> do not have the same type, and either has (possibly cv-qualified) class type, overload resolution is performed using the built-in candidates below to attempt to convert the operands to built-in types. If the overload resolution fails, the program is ill-formed. Otherwise, the selected conversions are applied and the converted operands are used in place of the original operands for step 5.
</li><li>The lvalue-to-rvalue, array-to-pointer, and function-to-pointer conversions are applied to the second and third operands. Then,
<ul><li> If both <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> now have the same type, the result is of that type. If that type is a class type, the result is a prvalue temporary of that type, copy-initialized from whatever operand was selected after evaluating <code>E1</code>.
</li><li> If both <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> have arithmetic or enumeration type: the <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#conversions" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic"><i>usual arithmetic conversions</i></a> are applied to bring them to <i>common type</i>, and that type is the result.
</li><li> If both <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> are pointers, or one is a pointer and the other is a null pointer constant, then pointer conversions and qualification conversions are applied to bring them to common type, and that type is the result.
</li><li> If both <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> are pointers to members, or one is a pointer to member and the other is a null pointer constant, then pointer-to-member conversions and qualification conversions are applied to bring them to common type, and that type is the result.
</li><li> If both <code>E2</code> and <code>E3</code> are null pointer constants, and at least one of which is of type <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/nullptr_t.html" title="cpp/types/nullptr t">std::nullptr_t</a></span>, then the result's type is <code>std::nullptr_t</code>.
</li><li> In all other cases, the program is ill-formed.
</li></ul>
</li></ol>
<p>For every pair of promoted arithmetic types L and R and for every type P, where P is a pointer, pointer-to-member, or scoped enumeration type, the following function signatures participate in the overload resolution performed in step 4 of the rules above:
</p>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">LR operator<span class="sy4">?:</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">bool</span>, L, R <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl">
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">P operator<span class="sy4">?:</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">bool</span>, P, P <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>where LR is the result of <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">usual arithmetic conversions</a> performed on <code>L</code> and <code>R</code>. The operator “?:” cannot be overloaded, these function signatures only exist for the purpose of overload resolution.
</p><p>The return type of a conditional operator is also accessible as the binary type trait <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/common_type.html" title="cpp/types/common type">std::common_type</a></span>.
</p>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <string></span>
<span class="co2">#include <stdexcept></span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> Node
<span class="br0">{</span>
Node<span class="sy2">*</span> next<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> data<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// deep-copying copy constructor</span>
Node<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> Node<span class="sy3">&</span> other<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="sy4">:</span> next<span class="br0">(</span>other.<span class="me1">next</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> new Node<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>other.<span class="me1">next</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> <a href="../types/NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a><span class="br0">)</span>
, data<span class="br0">(</span>other.<span class="me1">data</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
Node<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> d<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> next<span class="br0">(</span><a href="../types/NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a><span class="br0">)</span>, data<span class="br0">(</span>d<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
~Node<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> delete next <span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="co1">// simple rvalue example</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="nu0">2</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="nu0">10</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="nu0">11</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 1>2 is false, so n = 11</span>
<span class="co1">// simple lvalue example</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> m <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">(</span>n <span class="sy1">==</span> m <span class="sy4">?</span> n <span class="sy4">:</span> m<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">7</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// n == m is false, so m = 7</span>
<span class="co1">// throw example</span>
<a href="../string/basic_string.html"><span class="kw1072">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a> str <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy2">+</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy1">==</span><span class="nu0">4</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="st0">"ok"</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span> <a href="../error/logic_error/logic_error.html"><span class="kw645">std::<span class="me2">logic_error</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"2+2 != 4"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p><br />
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_other&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standard library">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Standard_library">Standard library</span></h3>
<p>Many classes in the standard library overload <code>operator()</code> to be used as function objects.
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../memory/default_delete.html" title="cpp/memory/default delete"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> deletes the object or array <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::default_delete</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/memory/default_delete/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/plus.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/plus"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the sum of two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::plus</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/plus/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/minus.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/minus"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the difference between two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::minus</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/minus/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/multiplies.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/multiplies"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the product of two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::multiplies</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/multiplies/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/divides.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/divides"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the result of the division of the first argument by the second argument <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::divides</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/divides/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/modulus.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/modulus"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::modulus</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/modulus/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/negate.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/negate"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the negation of the argument <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::negate</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/negate/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/equal_to.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/equal to"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks if the arguments are equal <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::equal_to</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/equal_to/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/not_equal_to.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/not equal to"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks if the arguments are not equal <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::not_equal_to</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/not_equal_to/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/greater.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/greater"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks if the first argument is greater than the second <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::greater</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/greater/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/less.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/less"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks if the first argument is less than the second <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::less</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/less/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/greater_equal.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/greater equal"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks if the first argument is greater than or equal to the second <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::greater_equal</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/greater_equal/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/less_equal.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/less equal"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks if the first argument is less than or equal to the second <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::less_equal</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/less_equal/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/logical_and.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/logical and"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the logical AND of the two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::logical_and</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/logical_and/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/logical_or.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/logical or"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the logical OR of the two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::logical_or</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/logical_or/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/logical_not.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/logical not"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the logical NOT of the argument <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::logical_not</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/logical_not/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/bit_and.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit and"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the result of bitwise AND of two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::bit_and</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/bit_and/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/bit_or.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit or"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the result of bitwise OR of two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::bit_or</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/bit_or/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/bit_xor.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit xor"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the result of bitwise XOR of two arguments <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::bit_xor</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/bit_xor/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/unary_negate.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/unary negate"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the logical complement of the result of a call to the stored predicate <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::unary_negate</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/unary_negate/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/binary_negate.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/binary negate"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the logical complement of the result of a call to the stored predicate <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::binary_negate</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/binary_negate/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/reference_wrapper/operator().html" title="cpp/utility/functional/reference wrapper/operator()"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> calls the stored function <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::reference_wrapper</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/reference_wrapper/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../utility/functional/function/operator().html" title="cpp/utility/functional/function/operator()"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> invokes the target <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::function</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/function/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../locale/locale/operator().html" title="cpp/locale/locale/operator()"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> lexicographically compares two strings using this locale's collate facet <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::locale</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/locale/locale/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/map/value_compare.html" title="cpp/container/map/value compare"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> compares two values of type <code>value_type</code> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::map::value_compare</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/value_compare/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../container/multimap/value_compare.html" title="cpp/container/multimap/value compare"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> compares two values of type <code>value_type</code> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::multimap::value_compare</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/container/value_compare/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../thread/packaged_task/operator().html" title="cpp/thread/packaged task/operator()"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> executes the function <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::packaged_task</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/thread/packaged_task/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../numeric/random/linear_congruential_engine/operator().html" title="cpp/numeric/random/linear congruential engine/operator()"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> advances the engine's state and returns the generated value <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::linear_congruential_engine</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/numeric/random/engine/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../numeric/random/uniform_int_distribution/operator().html" title="cpp/numeric/random/uniform int distribution/operator()"> <span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> generates the next random number in the distribution <br /> <span class="t-mark">(public member function of <code>std::uniform_int_distribution</code>)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/numeric/random/distribution/dsc_operator()&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The comma operator is not overloaded by any class in the standard library. The boost library uses <code>operator,</code> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/assign/doc/index.html#intro">boost.assign</a>, boost.spirit, and other libraries. The database access library <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soci.sourceforge.net/doc.html">SOCI</a> also overloads <code>operator,</code>.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/operator_other&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<p><a href="operator_precedence.html" title="cpp/language/operator precedence"> Operator precedence</a>
</p><p><a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators"> Operator overloading</a>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr style="text-align:center">
<th colspan="7"> Common operators
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment"> assignment</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="cpp/language/operator incdec"> increment<br />decrement</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic"> arithmetic</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical"> logical</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison"> comparison</a>
</td>
<td> <a href="operator_member_access.html" title="cpp/language/operator member access"> member<br />access</a>
</td>
<td> <strong class="selflink"> other</strong>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a <span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">/</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">&</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">|</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">^</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><<=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">>>=</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">++</span>a<br />
<span class="sy2">--</span>a<br />
a<span class="sy2">++</span><br />
a<span class="sy2">--</span></span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">+</span>a<br />
<span class="sy2">-</span>a<br />
a <span class="sy2">+</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">-</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">*</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">/</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy2">%</span> b<br />
~a<br />
a <span class="sy3">&</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">|</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">^</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><<</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">>></span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy3">!</span>a<br />
a <span class="sy3">&&</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">||</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a <span class="sy1">==</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">></span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1"><=</span> b<br />
a <span class="sy1">>=</span> b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a<span class="br0">[</span>b<span class="br0">]</span><br />
<span class="sy2">*</span>a<br />
<span class="sy3">&</span>a<br />
a<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>b<br />
a.<span class="me1">b</span><br />
a<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy2">*</span>b<br />
a.<span class="sy2">*</span>b</span></span>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">a<span class="br0">(</span>...<span class="br0">)</span><br />
a, b<br />
<span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="sy4">:</span></span></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="7"> Special operators
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7">
<p><a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><tt>static_cast</tt></a> converts one type to another related type <br />
<a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><tt>dynamic_cast</tt></a> converts within inheritance hierarchies <br />
<a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><tt>const_cast</tt></a> adds or removes <a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv">cv</a> qualifiers<br />
<a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><tt>reinterpret_cast</tt></a> converts type to unrelated type<br />
<a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">C-style cast</a> converts one type to another by a mix of <code>static_cast</code>, <code>const_cast</code>, and <code>reinterpret_cast</code> <br />
<a href="../memory/new/operator_new.html" title="cpp/memory/new/operator new"><tt>new</tt></a> allocates memory<br />
<a href="../memory/new/operator_delete.html" title="cpp/memory/new/operator delete"><tt>delete</tt></a> deallocates memory<br />
<a href="sizeof.html" title="cpp/language/sizeof"><tt>sizeof</tt></a> queries the size of a type<br />
<a href="sizeof....html" title="cpp/language/sizeof..."><tt>sizeof...</tt></a> queries the size of a <a href="parameter_pack.html" title="cpp/language/parameter pack">parameter pack</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="typeid.html" title="cpp/language/typeid"><tt>typeid</tt></a> queries the type information of a type<br />
<a href="noexcept.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept"><tt>noexcept</tt></a> checks if an expression can throw an exception <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span><br />
<a href="alignof.html" title="cpp/language/alignof"><tt>alignof</tt></a> queries alignment requirements of a type <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</p>
</td></tr></table></p>
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