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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../piecewise_construct_t.html" title="cpp/utility/piecewise construct t"><span class="t-lines"><span>piecewise_construct_t</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../piecewise_construct.html" title="cpp/utility/piecewise construct"><span class="t-lines"><span>piecewise_construct</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../integer_sequence.html" title="cpp/utility/integer sequence"><span class="t-lines"><span>integer_sequence</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Swap, forward and move</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../../algorithm/swap.html" title="cpp/algorithm/swap"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../exchange.html" title="cpp/utility/exchange"><span class="t-lines"><span>exchange</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../forward.html" title="cpp/utility/forward"><span class="t-lines"><span>forward</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../move.html" title="cpp/utility/move"><span class="t-lines"><span>move</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../move_if_noexcept.html" title="cpp/utility/move if noexcept"><span class="t-lines"><span>move_if_noexcept</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Type operations</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../declval.html" title="cpp/utility/declval"><span class="t-lines"><span>declval</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../as_const.html" title="cpp/utility/as const"><span class="t-lines"><span>as_const</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../functional.html" title="cpp/utility/functional"> Function objects</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Function wrappers </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="function.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/function"><span class="t-lines"><span>function</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mem_fn.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/mem fn"><span class="t-lines"><span>mem_fn</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="bad_function_call.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bad function call"><span class="t-lines"><span>bad_function_call</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="invoke.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/invoke"><span class="t-lines"><span>invoke</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Bind </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>bind</span></span></strong></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="is_bind_expression.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/is bind expression"><span class="t-lines"><span>is_bind_expression</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="is_placeholder.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/is placeholder"><span class="t-lines"><span>is_placeholder</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="placeholders.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/placeholders"><span class="t-lines"><span>_1, _2, _3, ...</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Reference wrappers </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="reference_wrapper.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/reference wrapper"><span class="t-lines"><span>reference_wrapper</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ref.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/ref"><span class="t-lines"><span>ref</span><span>cref</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Operator wrappers </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="plus.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/plus"><span class="t-lines"><span>plus</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="minus.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/minus"><span class="t-lines"><span>minus</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="negate.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/negate"><span class="t-lines"><span>negate</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="multiplies.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/multiplies"><span class="t-lines"><span>multiplies</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="divides.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/divides"><span class="t-lines"><span>divides</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="modulus.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/modulus"><span class="t-lines"><span>modulus</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="logical_and.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/logical and"><span class="t-lines"><span>logical_and</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="logical_or.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/logical or"><span class="t-lines"><span>logical_or</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="logical_not.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/logical not"><span class="t-lines"><span>logical_not</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="equal_to.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/equal to"><span class="t-lines"><span>equal_to</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="not_equal_to.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/not equal to"><span class="t-lines"><span>not_equal_to</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="greater.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/greater"><span class="t-lines"><span>greater</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="less.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/less"><span class="t-lines"><span>less</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="greater_equal.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/greater equal"><span class="t-lines"><span>greater_equal</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="less_equal.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/less equal"><span class="t-lines"><span>less_equal</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="bit_and.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit and"><span class="t-lines"><span>bit_and</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="bit_or.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit or"><span class="t-lines"><span>bit_or</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="bit_xor.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit xor"><span class="t-lines"><span>bit_xor</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="bit_not.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bit not"><span class="t-lines"><span>bit_not</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Negators </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="unary_negate.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/unary negate"><span class="t-lines"><span>unary_negate</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="binary_negate.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/binary negate"><span class="t-lines"><span>binary_negate</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="not1.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/not1"><span class="t-lines"><span>not1</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="not2.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/not2"><span class="t-lines"><span>not2</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Deprecated binders and adaptors </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="unary_function.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/unary function"><span class="t-lines"><span>unary_function</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="binary_function.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/binary function"><span class="t-lines"><span>binary_function</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="ptr_fun.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/ptr fun"><span class="t-lines"><span>ptr_fun</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="pointer_to_unary_function.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/pointer to unary function"><span class="t-lines"><span>pointer_to_unary_function</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="pointer_to_binary_function.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/pointer to binary function"><span class="t-lines"><span>pointer_to_binary_function</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mem_fun.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/mem fun"><span class="t-lines"><span>mem_fun</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mem_fun_t.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/mem fun t"><span class="t-lines"><span>mem_fun_t</span><span>mem_fun1_t</span><span>const_mem_fun_t</span><span>const_mem_fun1_t</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mem_fun_ref.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/mem fun ref"><span class="t-lines"><span>mem_fun_ref</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mem_fun_ref_t.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/mem fun ref t"><span class="t-lines"><span>mem_fun_ref_t</span><span>mem_fun1_ref_t</span><span>const_mem_fun_ref_t</span><span>const_mem_fun1_ref_t</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="binder12.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/binder12"><span class="t-lines"><span>binder1st</span><span>binder2nd</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="bind12.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/bind12"><span class="t-lines"><span>bind1st</span><span>bind2nd</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(until C++17)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td> <div>Defined in header <code><a href="../../header/functional.html" title="cpp/header/functional"><functional></a></code>
</div></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> F, <span class="kw1">class</span>... <span class="me1">Args</span> <span class="sy1">></span><br />
<span class="coMULTI">/*unspecified*/</span> bind<span class="br0">(</span> F<span class="sy3">&&</span> f, Args<span class="sy3">&&</span>... <span class="me1">args</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (1) </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> R, <span class="kw1">class</span> F, <span class="kw1">class</span>... <span class="me1">Args</span> <span class="sy1">></span><br />
<span class="coMULTI">/*unspecified*/</span> bind<span class="br0">(</span> F<span class="sy3">&&</span> f, Args<span class="sy3">&&</span>... <span class="me1">args</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (2) </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The function template <code>bind</code> generates a forwarding call wrapper for <code>f</code>. Calling this wrapper is equivalent to invoking <code>f</code> with some of its arguments bound to <code>args</code>.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="bind.html#Parameters"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Parameters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="bind.html#Return_value"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Return value</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="bind.html#std::bind_return_type"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext"><span>std::bind</span> <i>return type</i></span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="bind.html#Member_objects"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Member objects</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="bind.html#Constructors"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Constructors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="bind.html#Member_type_result_type"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Member type result_type</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="bind.html#Member_function_operator.28.29"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Member function operator()</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="bind.html#Exceptions"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Exceptions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="bind.html#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="bind.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="bind.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/bind&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parameters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Parameters">Parameters</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">
<tr class="t-par">
<td> f
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> <a href="../../concept/Callable.html" title="cpp/concept/Callable"><code>Callable</code></a> object (function object, pointer to function, reference to function, pointer to member function, or pointer to data member) that will be bound to some arguments
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> args
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> list of arguments to bind, with the unbound arguments replaced by the placeholders <code>_1, _2, _3...</code> of namespace <code>std::placeholders</code>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/bind&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Return value">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Return_value">Return value</span></h3>
<p>A function object of unspecified type <code>T</code>, for which <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="is_bind_expression.html"><span class="kw925">std::<span class="me2">is_bind_expression</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span>. It has the following members:
</p>
<div class="t-member">
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="std::bind_return_type"> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::bind</span> <i>return type</i> </span></h2>
<h4> <span class="mw-headline" id="Member_objects">Member objects</span></h4>
<p>The return type of <code>std::bind</code> holds a member object of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../../types/decay.html"><span class="kw540">std::<span class="me2">decay</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>F<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">type</span></span></span> constructed from <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../forward.html"><span class="kw946">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>F<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>f<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, and one object per each of <code>args...</code>, of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../../types/decay.html"><span class="kw540">std::<span class="me2">decay</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Arg_i<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">type</span></span></span>, similarly constructed from <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../forward.html"><span class="kw946">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Arg_i<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>arg_i<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>.
</p>
<h4> <span class="mw-headline" id="Constructors">Constructors</span></h4>
<p>The return type of <code>std::bind</code> is <a href="../../concept/CopyConstructible.html" title="cpp/concept/CopyConstructible"><code>CopyConstructible</code></a> if all of its member objects (specified above) are CopyConstructible, and is <a href="../../concept/MoveConstructible.html" title="cpp/concept/MoveConstructible"><code>MoveConstructible</code></a> otherwise. The type defines the following members:
</p>
<h4> <span class="mw-headline" id="Member_type_result_type">Member type <code>result_type</code></span></h4>
<p>1) If <code>F</code> is a pointer to function or a pointer to member function, <code>result_type</code> is the return type of <code>F</code>. If <code>F</code> is a class type with nested typedef <code>result_type</code>, then <code>result_type</code> is <code>F::result_type</code>. Otherwise no <code>result_type</code> is defined.
</p><p>2) <code>result_type</code> is exactly <code>R</code>.
</p>
<h4> <span class="mw-headline" id="Member_function_operator.28.29">Member function <code>operator()</code></span></h4>
<p>Given an object <code>g</code> obtained from an earlier call to <code>bind</code>, when it is invoked in a function call expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">g<span class="br0">(</span>u1, u2, ... <span class="me1">uM</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span>, an invocation of the stored object of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../../types/decay.html"><span class="kw540">std::<span class="me2">decay</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>F<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">type</span></span></span> takes place, with arguments defined as follows:
</p>
<ul><li> If the argument is of type <code>std::reference_wrapper<T></code> (for example, <span class="t-lc">std::ref</span> or <span class="t-lc">std::cref</span> was used in the initial call to <code>bind</code>), then the reference <code>T&</code> stored in the bound argument is passed to the invocable object.
</li><li> If <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="is_bind_expression.html"><span class="kw925">std::<span class="me2">is_bind_expression</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> (e.g., another <code>bind</code> subexpression was used as an argument in the initial call to <code>bind</code>), then that bind subexpression is invoked immediately as an lvalue object with the same cv-qualifications as that of <code>g</code>, and its result is passed to the invocable object. If the bind subexpression has any placeholder arguments, they are picked from <code>u1, u2, ...</code>.
</li><li> If <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="is_placeholder.html"><span class="kw926">std::<span class="me2">is_placeholder</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value</span> <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span></span></span> (e.g., <code>std::placeholders::_1, _2, _3, ...</code> was used as the argument to the initial call to <code>bind</code>), then the argument indicated by the placeholder (<code>u1</code> for <code>_1</code>, <code>u2</code> for <code>_2</code>, etc) is passed to the invocable object as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../forward.html"><span class="kw946">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Uj<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>uj<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>.
</li><li> Otherwise, the stored argument is passed to the invocable object as an lvalue with the same cv-qualification as that of <code>g</code>.
</li></ul>
<p>If some of the arguments that are supplied in the call to <code>g()</code> are not matched by any placeholders stored in <code>g</code>, the unused arguments are evaluated and discarded.
</p><p>If <code>g</code> is volatile-qualified (i.e., its cv-qualifiers are either <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">volatile</span></span></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">volatile</span></span></span>), the behavior is undefined.
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/bind&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Exceptions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Exceptions">Exceptions</span></h3>
<p>Only throws if construction of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../../types/decay.html"><span class="kw540">std::<span class="me2">decay</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>F<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">type</span></span></span> from <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../forward.html"><span class="kw946">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>F<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>f<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> throws, or any of the constructors for <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../../types/decay.html"><span class="kw540">std::<span class="me2">decay</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Arg_i<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">type</span></span></span> from the corresponding <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../forward.html"><span class="kw946">std::<span class="me2">forward</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Arg_i<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>arg_i<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> throws where <code>Arg_i</code> is the ith type and <code>arg_i</code> is the ith argument in <code>Args... args</code>.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/bind&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<p>As described in <a href="../../concept/Callable.html" title="cpp/concept/Callable"><code>Callable</code></a>, when invoking a pointer to non-static member function or pointer to non-static data member, the first argument has to be a reference or pointer (including, possibly, smart pointer such as <span class="t-lc">std::shared_ptr</span> and <span class="t-lc">std::unique_ptr</span>) to an object whose member will be accessed.
</p><p>The arguments to bind are copied or moved, and are never passed by reference unless wrapped in <span class="t-lc">std::ref</span> or <span class="t-lc">std::cref</span>.
</p><p>Duplicate placeholders in the same bind expression (multiple <code>_1</code>'s for example) are allowed, but the results are only well defined if the corresponding argument (<code>u1</code>) is an lvalue or non-movable rvalue.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/bind&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <random></span>
<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="co2">#include <memory></span>
<span class="co2">#include <functional></span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> f<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n1, <span class="kw4">int</span> n2, <span class="kw4">int</span> n3, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy3">&</span> n4, <span class="kw4">int</span> n5<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n1 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n2 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n3 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n4 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n5 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> g<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n1<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">return</span> n1<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw1">struct</span> Foo <span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> print_sum<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n1, <span class="kw4">int</span> n2<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n1<span class="sy2">+</span>n2 <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> data <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">using</span> <span class="kw1">namespace</span> <a href="placeholders.html"><span class="kw931">std::<span class="me2">placeholders</span></span></a><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// for _1, _2, _3...</span>
 
<span class="co1">// demonstrates argument reordering and pass-by-reference</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">7</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// (_1 and _2 are from std::placeholders, and represent future</span>
<span class="co1">// arguments that will be passed to f1)</span>
<span class="kw4">auto</span> f1 <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">bind</span><span class="br0">(</span>f, _2, _1, <span class="nu0">42</span>, <a href="ref.html"><span class="kw934">std::<span class="me2">cref</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="br0">)</span>, n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
f1<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">1001</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 1 is bound by _2, 2 is bound by _1, 1001 is unused</span>
 
<span class="co1">// nested bind subexpressions share the placeholders</span>
<span class="kw4">auto</span> f2 <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">bind</span><span class="br0">(</span>f, _3, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">bind</span><span class="br0">(</span>g, _3<span class="br0">)</span>, _3, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
f2<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">10</span>, <span class="nu0">11</span>, <span class="nu0">12</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// common use case: binding a RNG with a distribution</span>
<a href="../../numeric/random.html"><span class="kw1243">std::<span class="me2">default_random_engine</span></span></a> e<span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../../numeric/random/uniform_int_distribution.html"><span class="kw1249">std::<span class="me2">uniform_int_distribution</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><></span> d<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="function.html"><span class="kw929">std::<span class="me2">function</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy1">></span> rnd <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">bind</span><span class="br0">(</span>d, e<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// a copy of e is stored in rnd</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> n<span class="sy1"><</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> rnd<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// bind to a member function</span>
Foo foo<span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">auto</span> f3 <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">bind</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>Foo<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">print_sum</span>, <span class="sy3">&</span>foo, <span class="nu0">95</span>, _1<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
f3<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// bind to member data</span>
<span class="kw4">auto</span> f4 <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">bind</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&</span>Foo<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">data</span>, _1<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> f4<span class="br0">(</span>foo<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// smart pointers can be used to call members of the referenced objects, too</span>
<a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1480">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> f4<span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../memory/shared_ptr/make_shared.html"><span class="kw617">std::<span class="me2">make_shared</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Foo<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>foo<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
<span class="sy1"><<</span> f4<span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../memory/unique_ptr.html"><span class="kw614">std::<span class="me2">unique_ptr</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Foo<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>new Foo<span class="br0">(</span>foo<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span><span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">2 1 42 10 7
12 12 12 4 5
1 5 0 2 0 8 2 2 10 8
100
10
10
10</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/bind&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="placeholders.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/placeholders"> <span class="t-lines"><span>_1, _2, _3, _4, ...</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> placeholders for the unbound arguments in a <code>std::bind</code> expression <br /> <span class="t-mark">(constant)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/dsc_placeholders&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="mem_fn.html" title="cpp/utility/functional/mem fn"> <span class="t-lines"><span>mem_fn</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> creates a function object out of a pointer to a member <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function template)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/utility/functional/dsc_mem_fn&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
</table>
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