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<p>Allows values of integer type to be used in expressions directly.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="integer_constant.html#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="integer_constant.html#Explanation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Explanation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="integer_constant.html#The_type_of_the_integer_constant"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">The type of the integer constant</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="integer_constant.html#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="integer_constant.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="integer_constant.html#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="integer_constant.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Syntax">Syntax</span></h3>
<p>An integer constant is a <a href="value_category.html" title="c/language/value category">non-lvalue</a> expression of the form
</p>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-spar">decimal-constant</span> <span class="t-spar">integer-suffix</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span>
</td>
<td> (1)
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-spar">octal-constant</span> <span class="t-spar">integer-suffix</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span>
</td>
<td> (2)
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <span class="t-spar">hex-constant</span> <span class="t-spar">integer-suffix</span><span class="t-mark">(optional)</span>
</td>
<td> (3)
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<p>where
</p>
<ul><li> <span class="t-spar">decimal-constant</span> is a non-zero decimal digit (<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, <code>4</code>, <code>5</code>, <code>6</code>, <code>7</code>, <code>8</code>, <code>9</code>), followed by zero or more decimal digits (<code>0</code>, <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, <code>4</code>, <code>5</code>, <code>6</code>, <code>7</code>, <code>8</code>, <code>9</code>)
</li><li> <span class="t-spar">octal-constant</span> is the digit zero (<code>0</code>) followed by zero or more octal digits (<code>0</code>, <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, <code>4</code>, <code>5</code>, <code>6</code>, <code>7</code>)
</li><li> <span class="t-spar">hex-constant</span> is the character sequence <code>0x</code> or the character sequence <code>0X</code> followed by one or more hexadecimal digits (<code>0</code>, <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, <code>4</code>, <code>5</code>, <code>6</code>, <code>7</code>, <code>8</code>, <code>9</code>, <code>a</code>, <code>A</code>, <code>b</code>, <code>B</code>, <code>c</code>, <code>C</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>D</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>f</code>, <code>F</code>)
</li><li> <span class="t-spar">integer-suffix</span>, if provided, may contain one or both of the following (if both are provided, they may appear in any order:
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> <span class="t-spar">unsigned-suffix</span> (the character <code>u</code> or the character <code>U</code>)
</li><li> <span class="t-spar">long-suffix</span> (the character <code>l</code> or the character <code>L</code>) <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-c99"><span>or the <span class="t-spar">long-long-suffix</span> (the character sequence <code>ll</code> or the character sequence <code>LL</code>)</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span></span></span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Explanation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Explanation">Explanation</span></h3>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> Decimal integer constant (base 10, the first digit is the most significant).</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> Octal integer constant (base 8, the first digit is the most significant).</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> Hexadecimal integer constant (base 16, the first digit is the most significant, the letters 'a' through 'f' represent the decimal values 10 through 15).</div>
<p>The following variables are initialized to the same value:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">int</span> d <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">42</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> o <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu8">052</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> x <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu12">0x2a</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> X <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu12">0X2A</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div></div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The type of the integer constant">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="The_type_of_the_integer_constant">The type of the integer constant</span></h3>
<p>The type of the integer constant is the first type in which the value can fit, from the list of types which depends on which numeric base and which <span class="t-spar">integer-suffix</span> was used.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr style="text-align:center">
<th colspan="3"> Types allowed for integer constants
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td> suffix
</td>
<td> decimal bases
</td>
<td> hexadecimal or octal bases
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td> no suffix
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <span class="t-mark">(until C99)</span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>u</code> or <code>U</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>l</code> or <code>L</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark">(until C99)</span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span><br />
<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> both <code>l</code>/<code>L</code> and <code>u</code>/<code>U</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> <code>ll</code> or <code>LL</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
<p><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td> both <code>ll</code>/<code>LL</code> and <code>u</code>/<code>U</code>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</td>
<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</td></tr></table>
<p>If the value of the integer constant is too big to fit in any of the types allowed by suffix/base combination and the compiler supports extended integer types (such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__int128</span></span>), the constant may be given the extended integer type; otherwise, the program is ill-formed.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<p>Letters in the integer constants are case-insensitive: <code>0xDeAdBaBeU</code> and <code>0XdeadBABEu</code> represent the same number (one exception is the <span class="t-spar">long-long-suffix</span>, which is either <code>ll</code> or <code>LL</code>, never <code>lL</code> or <code>Ll</code>)
</p><p>There are no negative integer constants. Expressions such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> apply the <a href="operator_arithmetic.html" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">unary minus operator</a> to the value represented by the constant, which may involve implicit <a href="conversion.html" title="c/language/conversion">type conversions</a>.
</p><p>When used in a controlling expression of <a href="../preprocessor/conditional.html" title="c/preprocessor/conditional">#if</a> or <a href="../preprocessor/conditional.html" title="c/preprocessor/conditional">#elif</a>, all signed integer constants act as if they have type <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/integer.html" title="c/types/integer">intmax_t</a></span> and all unsigned integer constants act as if they have type <span class="t-lc"><a href="../types/integer.html" title="c/types/integer">uintmax_t</a></span>.
</p><p>Integer constants may be used in <a href="constant_expression.html" title="c/language/constant expression">integer constant expressions</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"123 = %d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">123</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"0123 = %d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu8">0123</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"0x123 = %d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu12">0x123</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"12345678901234567890ull = %llu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, 12345678901234567890ull<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// the type is unsigned long long even without a long long suffix</span>
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"12345678901234567890u = %llu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, 12345678901234567890u <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// printf("%lld\n", -9223372036854775808); // ERROR</span>
<span class="co1">// the value 9223372036854775808 cannot fit in signed long long, which is the</span>
<span class="co1">// biggest type allowed for unsuffixed decimal integer constant</span>
 
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%llu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span>9223372036854775808u <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// unary minus applied to unsigned value subtracts it from 2^64,</span>
<span class="co1">// this gives 9223372036854775808</span>
 
<a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%lld<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">9223372036854775807</span> <span class="sy2">-</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// // correct way to represent the value -9223372036854775808</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">123 = 123
0123 = 83
0x123 = 291
12345678901234567890ull = 12345678901234567890
12345678901234567890u = 12345678901234567890
9223372036854775808
-9223372036854775808</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.4.4.1 Integer constants (p: 62-64)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.4.4.1 Integer constants (p: 54-56)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 3.1.3.2 Integer constants
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/language/integer_constant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see"><span><a href="../../cpp/language/integer_literal.html" title="cpp/language/integer literal">C++ documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>integer literal</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
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