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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../copy_options.html" title="cpp/filesystem/copy options"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::copy_options</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../directory_options.html" title="cpp/filesystem/directory options"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::directory_options</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../file_time_type.html" title="cpp/filesystem/file time type"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::file_time_type</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Functions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../absolute.html" title="cpp/filesystem/absolute"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::absolute<br />filesystem::system_complete</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../canonical.html" title="cpp/filesystem/canonical"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::canonical</span><span>filesystem::weakly_canonical</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../relative.html" title="cpp/filesystem/relative"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::relative</span><span>filesystem::proximate</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../copy.html" title="cpp/filesystem/copy"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::copy</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../copy_file.html" title="cpp/filesystem/copy file"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::copy_file</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../copy_symlink.html" title="cpp/filesystem/copy symlink"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::copy_symlink</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../create_directory.html" title="cpp/filesystem/create directory"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::create_directory<br />filesystem::create_directories</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../create_hard_link.html" title="cpp/filesystem/create hard link"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::create_hard_link</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../create_symlink.html" title="cpp/filesystem/create symlink"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::create_symlink<br />filesystem::create_directory_symlink</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../current_path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/current path"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::current_path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../exists.html" title="cpp/filesystem/exists"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::exists</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../equivalent.html" title="cpp/filesystem/equivalent"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::equivalent</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../file_size.html" title="cpp/filesystem/file size"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::file_size</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../hard_link_count.html" title="cpp/filesystem/hard link count"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::hard_link_count</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../last_write_time.html" title="cpp/filesystem/last write time"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::last_write_time</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../permissions.html" title="cpp/filesystem/permissions"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::permissions</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../read_symlink.html" title="cpp/filesystem/read symlink"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::read_symlink</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../remove.html" title="cpp/filesystem/remove"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::remove<br />filesystem::remove_all</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../rename.html" title="cpp/filesystem/rename"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::rename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../resize_file.html" title="cpp/filesystem/resize file"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::resize_file</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../space.html" title="cpp/filesystem/space"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::space</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../status.html" title="cpp/filesystem/status"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::status<br />filesystem::symlink_status</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../temp_directory_path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/temp directory path"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::temp_directory_path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">File types</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_block_file.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is block file"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_block_file</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_character_file.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is character file"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_character_file</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_directory.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is directory"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_directory</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_empty.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is empty"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_empty</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../status_known.html" title="cpp/filesystem/status known"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::status_known</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_fifo.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is fifo"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_fifo</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_other.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is other"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_other</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_regular_file.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is regular file"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_regular_file</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_socket.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is socket"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_socket</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="../is_symlink.html" title="cpp/filesystem/is symlink"><span class="t-lines"><span>filesystem::is_symlink</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/filesystem/navbar_content&amp;action=edit">&#91;edit&#93;</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep">&#160;</div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path"><tt>std::filesystem::path</tt></a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Member functions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/path"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="~path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/~path"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::~path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="operator=.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/operator="><span class="t-lines"><span>path::operator=</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="assign.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/assign"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::assign</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="append.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/append"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::append</span><span>path::operator /=</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="concat.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/concat"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::concat</span><span>path::operator +=</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="clear.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/clear"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::clear</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="make_preferred.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/make preferred"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::make_preferred</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="remove_filename.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/remove filename"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::remove_filename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="replace_filename.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/replace filename"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::replace_filename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="replace_extension.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/replace extension"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::replace_extension</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="swap.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/swap"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::swap</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="compare.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/compare"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::compare</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="begin.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/begin"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::begin</span><span>path::end</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="native.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/native"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::c_str</span><span>path::native</span><span>path::operator string_type</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="string.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/string"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::string</span><span>path::u8string</span><span>path::u16string</span><span>path::u32string</span><span>path::wstring</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="generic_string.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/generic string"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::generic_string</span><span>path::generic_u8string</span><span>path::generic_u16string</span><span>path::generic_u32string</span><span>path::generic_wstring</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="lexically_normal.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/lexically normal"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::lexically_normal</span><span>path::lexically_relative</span><span>path::lexically_proximate</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">Path decomposition</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="root_name.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/root name"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::root_name</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="root_directory.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/root directory"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::root_directory</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="root_path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/root path"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::root_path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="relative_path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/relative path"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::relative_path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::parent_path</span></span></strong></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="filename.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/filename"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::filename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="stem.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/stem"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::stem</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="extension.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/extension"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::extension</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="empty.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/empty"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::empty</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="has_path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/has path"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::has_root_path</span><span>path::has_root_name</span><span>path::has_root_directory</span><span>path::has_relative_path</span><span>path::has_parent_path</span><span>path::has_filename</span><span>path::has_stem</span><span>path::has_extension</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="is_absrel.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/is absrel"><span class="t-lines"><span>path::is_absolute</span><span>path::is_relative</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5">Non-member functions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="swap2.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/swap2"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap(path)</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="hash_value.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/hash value"><span class="t-lines"><span>hash_value</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="operator_cmp.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/operator cmp"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator==</span><span>operator!=</span><span>operator&lt;</span><span>operator&lt;=</span><span>operator&gt;</span><span>operator&gt;=</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="operator_slash.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/operator slash"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator/</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="operator_ltltgtgt.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/operator ltltgtgt"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator&lt;&lt;</span><span>operator&gt;&gt;</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="u8path.html" title="cpp/filesystem/path/u8path"><span class="t-lines"><span>u8path</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/filesystem/path/navbar_content&amp;action=edit">&#91;edit&#93;</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep">&#160;</div></div>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">path parent_path<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad">  </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Returns the path to the parent directory. Returns empty path if <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">empty<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span></span></span> or there's only a single element in the path (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">begin<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="sy2">--</span>end<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span></span></span>.
</p><p>The resulting path is constructed by appending all elements in a range <code>[begin(), --end())</code> to an empty path.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="parent_path.html#Parameters"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Parameters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="parent_path.html#Return_value"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Return value</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="parent_path.html#Exceptions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Exceptions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="parent_path.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/filesystem/path/parent_path&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Parameters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Parameters">Parameters</span></h3>
<p>(none)
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/filesystem/path/parent_path&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Return value">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Return_value">Return value</span></h3>
<p>The path to the parent directory.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/filesystem/path/parent_path&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Exceptions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Exceptions">Exceptions</span></h3>
<p>(none)
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/filesystem/path/parent_path&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="cpp source-cpp"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;filesystem&gt;</span>
<span class="kw1">namespace</span> fs <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span>
<span class="br0">&#123;</span>
    <span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span>fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span> p <span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="br0">&#123;</span><span class="st0">&quot;/var/tmp/example.txt&quot;</span>, <span class="st0">&quot;/&quot;</span>, <span class="st0">&quot;/var/tmp/.&quot;</span><span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span>
        <a href="../../io/cout.html"><span class="kw1755">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;The parent path of &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> p
                  <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot; is &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> p.<span class="me1">parent_path</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">&#125;</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Possible output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">The parent path of &quot;/var/tmp/example.txt&quot; is &quot;/var/tmp&quot;
The parent path of &quot;/&quot; is &quot;&quot;
The parent path of &quot;/var/tmp/.&quot; is &quot;/var/tmp&quot;</pre></div></div> 
</div>

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