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/**
* @file
* @brief A container for chunks that make up the save file.
**/
/*
Guarantees:
* A crash at any moment may not cause corruption -- the save will return to
the exact state it had at the last commit().
Notes:
* Unless DO_FSYNC is defined, crashes that put down the operating system
may break the consistency guarantee.
* Incomplete writes don't have any effects, but don't break commits or reads
(which both use the last complete write).
* Readers always get the last complete (but not necessarily committed) write
(ie, READ_UNCOMMITTED) at the time they started; it is safe to continue
reading even if the chunk has been changed since.
*/
#include "AppHdr.h"
#include "package.h"
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined(UNIX) || defined(TARGET_COMPILER_MINGW)
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include "end.h"
#include "endianness.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "syscalls.h"
#include "libutil.h" // map_find
// debugging defines
#undef FSCK_VERBOSE
#undef COSTLY_ASSERTS
#undef DEBUG_PACKAGE
static plen_t htole(plen_t x)
{
if (sizeof(plen_t) == 4)
return htole32(x);
if (sizeof(plen_t) == 8)
return htole64(x);
die("unsupported plen_t size");
}
#ifdef DEBUG_PACKAGE
#define dprintf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define dprintf(...) do {} while (0)
#endif
#define PACKAGE_VERSION 1
#define PACKAGE_MAGIC 0x53534344 /* "DCSS" */
struct file_header
{
uint32_t magic;
uint8_t version;
char padding[3];
plen_t start;
};
struct block_header
{
plen_t len;
plen_t next;
};
typedef map<string, plen_t> directory_t;
typedef pair<plen_t, plen_t> bm_p;
typedef map<plen_t, bm_p> bm_t;
typedef map<plen_t, plen_t> fb_t;
package::package(const char* file, bool writeable, bool empty)
: n_users(0), dirty(false), aborted(false)
#ifdef DO_FSYNC
, tmp(false)
#endif
{
dprintf("package: initializing file=\"%s\" rw=%d\n", file, writeable);
ASSERT(writeable || !empty);
filename = file;
rw = writeable;
if (empty)
{
fd = open_u(file, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0666);
if (fd == -1)
sysfail("can't create save file (%s)", file);
if (!lock_file(fd, true))
{
close(fd);
sysfail("failed to lock newly created save (%s)", file);
}
dirty = true;
file_len = sizeof(file_header);
}
else
{
fd = open_u(file, (writeable? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY) | O_BINARY, 0666);
if (fd == -1)
sysfail("can't open save file (%s)", file);
try
{
if (!lock_file(fd, writeable))
{
game_ended(game_exit::abort,
"Another game is already in progress using this save!");
}
load();
}
catch (const exception&)
{
close(fd);
throw;
}
}
}
package::package()
: rw(true), n_users(0), dirty(false), aborted(false)
#ifdef DO_FSYNC
, tmp(true)
#endif
{
dprintf("package: initializing tmp file\n");
filename = "[tmp]";
char file[7] = "XXXXXX";
fd = mkstemp(file);
if (fd == -1)
sysfail("can't create temporary save file");
::unlink(file); // FIXME: won't work on Windows
if (!lock_file(fd, true))
{
close(fd);
sysfail("failed to lock newly created save (%s)", file);
}
dirty = true;
file_len = sizeof(file_header);
}
void package::load()
{
file_header head;
ssize_t res = ::read(fd, &head, sizeof(file_header));
if (res < 0)
sysfail("error reading the save file (%s)", filename.c_str());
if (!res || !(head.magic || head.version || head.padding[0]
|| head.padding[1] || head.padding[2] || head.start))
{
corrupted("The save file (%s) is empty!", filename.c_str());
}
if (res != sizeof(file_header))
corrupted("save file (%s) corrupted -- header truncated", filename.c_str());
if (htole(head.magic) != PACKAGE_MAGIC)
{
corrupted("save file (%s) corrupted -- not a DCSS save file",
filename.c_str());
}
off_t len = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
if (len == -1)
sysfail("save file (%s) is not seekable", filename.c_str());
file_len = len;
read_directory(htole(head.start), head.version);
if (rw)
load_traces();
}
void package::load_traces()
{
ASSERT(!dirty);
ASSERT(!n_users);
if (directory.empty() || !block_map.empty())
return;
free_blocks[sizeof(file_header)] = file_len - sizeof(file_header);
for (const auto &entry : directory)
trace_chunk(entry.second);
#ifdef COSTLY_ASSERTS
// any inconsistency in the save is guaranteed to be already found
// by this time -- this checks only for internal bugs
fsck();
#endif
}
package::~package()
{
dprintf("package: finalizing\n");
ASSERT(!n_users || CrawlIsCrashing); // not merely aborted, there are
// live pointers to us. With normal stack unwinding, destructors
// will make sure this never happens and this assert is good for
// catching missing manual deletes. The C++ exit handler is the
// only place that can be legitimately call things in wrong order.
if (rw && !aborted)
{
commit();
if (ftruncate(fd, file_len))
sysfail("failed to update save file");
}
// all errors here should be cached write errors
if (fd != -1)
if (close(fd) && !aborted)
{
sysfail(rw ? "write error while saving"
: "can't close the save I've just read???");
}
dprintf("package: closed\n");
}
void package::commit()
{
ASSERT(rw);
if (!dirty)
return;
ASSERT(!aborted);
#ifdef COSTLY_ASSERTS
fsck();
#endif
file_header head;
head.magic = htole(PACKAGE_MAGIC);
head.version = PACKAGE_VERSION;
memset(&head.padding, 0, sizeof(head.padding));
head.start = htole(write_directory());
#ifdef DO_FSYNC
// We need a barrier before updating the link to point at the new directory.
if (!tmp && fdatasync(fd))
sysfail("flush error while saving");
#endif
seek(0);
if (write(fd, &head, sizeof(head)) != sizeof(head))
sysfail("write error while saving");
#ifdef DO_FSYNC
if (!tmp && fdatasync(fd))
sysfail("flush error while saving");
#endif
new_chunks.clear();
collect_blocks();
dirty = false;
#ifdef COSTLY_ASSERTS
fsck();
#endif
}
void package::seek(plen_t to)
{
ASSERT(!aborted);
if (to > file_len)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- invalid offset");
if (lseek(fd, to, SEEK_SET) != (off_t)to)
sysfail("failed to seek inside the save file");
}
chunk_writer* package::writer(const string &name)
{
return new chunk_writer(this, name);
}
chunk_reader* package::reader(const string &name)
{
if (plen_t *ch = map_find(directory, name))
return new chunk_reader(this, *ch);
return 0;
}
plen_t package::extend_block(plen_t at, plen_t size, plen_t by)
{
// the header is not counted into the block's size, yet takes space
size += sizeof(block_header);
if (at + size == file_len)
{
// at the end of file
file_len += by;
return by;
}
auto bl = free_blocks.find(at + size);
if (bl == free_blocks.end())
return 0;
plen_t free = bl->second;
dprintf("reusing %u of %u at %u\n", by, free, bl->first);
if (free <= by)
{
// we consume the entire block
by = free;
free_blocks.erase(bl);
return by;
}
free_blocks.erase(bl);
free_blocks[at + size + by] = free - by;
return by;
}
plen_t package::alloc_block(plen_t &size)
{
fb_t::iterator bl, best_big, best_small;
plen_t bb_size = (plen_t)-1, bs_size = 0;
for (bl = free_blocks.begin(); bl!=free_blocks.end(); ++bl)
{
if (bl->second < bb_size && bl->second >= size + sizeof(block_header))
best_big = bl, bb_size = bl->second;
// don't reuse very small blocks unless they're big enough
else if (bl->second >= 16 && bl->second > bs_size)
best_small = bl, bs_size = bl->second;
}
if (bb_size != (plen_t)-1)
bl = best_big;
else if (bs_size != 0)
bl = best_small;
else
{
plen_t at = file_len;
file_len += sizeof(block_header) + size;
return at;
}
plen_t at = bl->first;
plen_t free = bl->second;
dprintf("found a block for reuse at %u size %u\n", at, free);
free_blocks.erase(bl);
free -= sizeof(block_header);
if (size > free)
size = free;
if ((free -= size))
free_blocks[at + sizeof(block_header) + size] = free;
return at;
}
void package::finish_chunk(const string &name, plen_t at)
{
free_chunk(name);
directory[name] = at;
new_chunks.insert(at);
dirty = true;
}
void package::free_chunk(const string &name)
{
auto ci = directory.find(name);
if (ci == directory.end())
return;
dprintf("freeing chunk(%s)\n", name.c_str());
if (new_chunks.count(ci->second))
free_block_chain(ci->second);
else // can't free committed blocks yet
unlinked_blocks.push_back(ci->second);
dirty = true;
}
void package::delete_chunk(const string &name)
{
free_chunk(name);
directory.erase(name);
}
plen_t package::write_directory()
{
delete_chunk("");
stringstream dir;
for (const auto &entry : directory)
{
uint8_t name_len = entry.first.length();
dir.write((const char*)&name_len, sizeof(name_len));
dir.write(&entry.first[0], entry.first.length());
plen_t start = htole(entry.second);
dir.write((const char*)&start, sizeof(plen_t));
}
ASSERT(dir.str().size());
dprintf("writing directory (%u bytes)\n", (unsigned int)dir.str().size());
{
chunk_writer dch(this, "");
dch.write(&dir.str()[0], dir.str().size());
}
return directory[""];
}
void package::collect_blocks()
{
for (ssize_t i = unlinked_blocks.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
{
plen_t at = unlinked_blocks[i];
// Blocks may be re-added onto the list if they're in use.
if (i != (ssize_t)unlinked_blocks.size() - 1)
unlinked_blocks[i] = unlinked_blocks[unlinked_blocks.size() - 1];
unlinked_blocks.pop_back();
free_block_chain(at);
}
}
void package::free_block_chain(plen_t at)
{
if (reader_count.count(at))
{
dprintf("deleting an in-use chain at %d\n", at);
unlinked_blocks.push_back(at);
return;
}
dprintf("freeing an unlinked chain at %d\n", at);
while (at)
{
auto bl = block_map.find(at);
ASSERT(bl != block_map.end());
dprintf("+- at %d size=%d+header\n", at, bl->second.first);
free_block(at, bl->second.first + sizeof(block_header));
at = bl->second.second;
block_map.erase(bl);
}
}
void package::free_block(plen_t at, plen_t size)
{
ASSERT(at >= sizeof(file_header));
ASSERT(at + size <= file_len);
auto neigh = free_blocks.lower_bound(at);
if (neigh != free_blocks.begin())
{
--neigh;
ASSERT(neigh->first + neigh->second <= at);
if (neigh->first + neigh->second == at)
{
// combine with the left neighbour
at = neigh->first;
size += neigh->second;
free_blocks.erase(neigh);
}
}
neigh = free_blocks.lower_bound(at);
if (neigh != free_blocks.end())
{
ASSERT(neigh->first >= at + size);
if (neigh->first == at + size)
{
// combine with the right neighbour
size += neigh->second;
free_blocks.erase(neigh);
}
}
if (at + size == file_len)
file_len -= size;
else
free_blocks[at] = size;
}
void package::fsck()
{
fb_t save_free_blocks = free_blocks;
plen_t save_file_len = file_len;
#ifdef FSCK_VERBOSE
printf("Fsck starting. %u chunks, %u used blocks, %u free ones, file size %u\n",
(unsigned int)directory.size(), (unsigned int)block_map.size(),
(unsigned int)free_blocks.size(), file_len);
for (const auto &bl : free_blocks)
printf("<at %u size %u>\n", bl.first, bl.second);
#endif
for (const auto &bl : block_map)
{
#ifdef FSCK_VERBOSE
printf("[at %u size %u+header]\n", bl.first, bl.second.first);
#endif
free_block(bl.first, bl.second.first + sizeof(block_header));
}
// after freeing everything, the file should be empty
ASSERT(free_blocks.empty());
ASSERT(file_len == sizeof(file_header));
free_blocks = save_free_blocks;
file_len = save_file_len;
}
struct dir_entry0
{
char name[sizeof(plen_t)];
plen_t start;
};
void package::read_directory(plen_t start, uint8_t version)
{
ASSERT(directory.empty());
directory[""] = start;
dprintf("package: reading directory\n");
chunk_reader rd(this, start);
switch (version)
{
case 0:
dir_entry0 ch0;
while (plen_t res = rd.read(&ch0, sizeof(dir_entry0)))
{
if (res != sizeof(dir_entry0))
corrupted("save file corrupted -- truncated directory");
string chname(ch0.name, 4);
chname.resize(strlen(chname.c_str()));
directory[chname] = htole(ch0.start);
dprintf("* %s\n", chname.c_str());
}
break;
case 1:
uint8_t name_len;
plen_t bstart;
while (plen_t res = rd.read(&name_len, sizeof(name_len)))
{
if (res != sizeof(name_len))
corrupted("save file corrupted -- truncated directory");
string chname;
chname.resize(name_len);
if (rd.read(&chname[0], name_len) != name_len)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- truncated directory");
if (rd.read(&bstart, sizeof(bstart)) != sizeof(bstart))
corrupted("save file corrupted -- truncated directory");
directory[chname] = htole(bstart);
dprintf("* %s\n", chname.c_str());
}
break;
default:
corrupted("save file (%s) uses an unknown format %u", filename.c_str(),
version);
}
}
bool package::has_chunk(const string &name)
{
return !name.empty() && directory.count(name);
}
vector<string> package::list_chunks()
{
vector<string> list;
list.reserve(directory.size());
for (const auto &entry : directory)
if (!entry.first.empty())
list.push_back(entry.first);
return list;
}
void package::trace_chunk(plen_t start)
{
while (start)
{
block_header bl;
seek(start);
ssize_t res = ::read(fd, &bl, sizeof(block_header));
if (res < 0)
sysfail("error reading the save file");
if (res != sizeof(block_header))
corrupted("save file corrupted -- block past eof");
plen_t len = htole(bl.len);
plen_t next = htole(bl.next);
plen_t end = start + len + sizeof(block_header);
dprintf("{at %u size %u+header}\n", start, len);
auto sp = free_blocks.upper_bound(start);
if (sp == free_blocks.begin())
corrupted("save file corrupted -- overlapping blocks");
--sp;
plen_t sp_start = sp->first;
plen_t sp_size = sp->second;
if (sp_start > start || sp_start + sp_size < end)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- overlapping blocks");
free_blocks.erase(sp);
if (sp_start < start)
free_blocks[sp_start] = start - sp_start;
if (sp_start + sp_size > end)
free_blocks[end] = sp_start + sp_size - end;
block_map[start] = bm_p(len, next);
start = next;
}
}
void package::abort()
{
// Disable any further operations, allow a shutdown. All errors past
// this point are ignored (assuming we already failed). All writes since
// the last commit() are lost.
aborted = true;
}
void package::unlink()
{
abort();
close(fd);
fd = -1;
::unlink_u(filename.c_str());
}
// the amount of free space not at the end of file
plen_t package::get_slack()
{
load_traces();
plen_t slack = 0;
for (const auto &bl : free_blocks)
slack += bl.second;
return slack;
}
plen_t package::get_chunk_fragmentation(const string &name)
{
load_traces();
ASSERT(directory.count(name)); // not has_chunk(), "" is valid
plen_t frags = 0;
plen_t at = directory[name];
while (at)
{
auto bl = block_map.find(at);
ASSERT(bl != block_map.end());
frags ++;
at = bl->second.second;
}
return frags;
}
plen_t package::get_chunk_compressed_length(const string &name)
{
load_traces();
ASSERT(directory.count(name)); // not has_chunk(), "" is valid
plen_t len = 0;
plen_t at = directory[name];
while (at)
{
auto bl = block_map.find(at);
ASSERT(bl != block_map.end());
len += bl->second.first;
at = bl->second.second;
}
return len;
}
chunk_writer::chunk_writer(package *parent, const string &_name)
: first_block(0), cur_block(0), block_len(0)
{
ASSERT(parent);
ASSERT(!parent->aborted);
// If you need more, please change {read,write}_directory().
ASSERT(MAX_CHUNK_NAME_LENGTH < 256);
ASSERT(_name.length() < MAX_CHUNK_NAME_LENGTH);
dprintf("chunk_writer(%s): starting\n", _name.c_str());
pkg = parent;
pkg->n_users++;
name = _name;
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
zs.data_type = Z_BINARY;
zs.zalloc = 0;
zs.zfree = 0;
zs.opaque = Z_NULL;
if (deflateInit(&zs, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION))
fail("save file compression failed during init: %s", zs.msg);
#define ZB_SIZE 32768
zs.next_out = z_buffer = (Bytef*)malloc(ZB_SIZE);
zs.avail_out = ZB_SIZE;
#endif
}
chunk_writer::~chunk_writer()
{
dprintf("chunk_writer(%s): closing\n", name.c_str());
ASSERT(pkg->n_users > 0);
pkg->n_users--;
if (pkg->aborted)
{
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
// ignore errors, they're not relevant anymore
deflateEnd(&zs);
free(z_buffer);
#endif
return;
}
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
zs.avail_in = 0;
int res;
do
{
res = deflate(&zs, Z_FINISH);
if (res != Z_STREAM_END && res != Z_OK && res != Z_BUF_ERROR)
fail("save file compression failed: %s", zs.msg);
raw_write(z_buffer, zs.next_out - z_buffer);
zs.next_out = z_buffer;
zs.avail_out = ZB_SIZE;
} while (res != Z_STREAM_END);
if (deflateEnd(&zs) != Z_OK)
fail("save file compression failed during clean-up: %s", zs.msg);
free(z_buffer);
#endif
if (cur_block)
finish_block(0);
pkg->finish_chunk(name, first_block);
}
void chunk_writer::raw_write(const void *data, plen_t len)
{
while (len > 0)
{
plen_t space = pkg->extend_block(cur_block, block_len, len);
if (!space)
{
plen_t next_block = pkg->alloc_block(space = len);
ASSERT(space > 0);
if (cur_block)
finish_block(next_block);
cur_block = next_block;
if (!first_block)
first_block = next_block;
block_len = 0;
}
pkg->seek(cur_block + block_len + sizeof(block_header));
if (::write(pkg->fd, data, space) != (ssize_t)space)
sysfail("write error while saving");
data = (char*)data + space;
block_len += space;
len -= space;
}
}
void chunk_writer::finish_block(plen_t next)
{
block_header head;
head.len = htole(block_len);
head.next = htole(next);
pkg->seek(cur_block);
if (::write(pkg->fd, &head, sizeof(head)) != sizeof(head))
sysfail("write error while saving");
pkg->block_map[cur_block] = bm_p(block_len, next);
}
void chunk_writer::write(const void *data, plen_t len)
{
ASSERT(data);
ASSERT(!pkg->aborted);
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
zs.next_in = (Bytef*)data;
zs.avail_in = len;
while (zs.avail_in)
{
if (!zs.avail_out)
{
raw_write(z_buffer, zs.next_out - z_buffer);
zs.next_out = z_buffer;
zs.avail_out = ZB_SIZE;
}
// we don't allow Z_BUF_ERROR, so it's fatal for us
if (deflate(&zs, Z_NO_FLUSH) != Z_OK)
fail("save file compression failed: %s", zs.msg);
}
#else
raw_write(data, len);
#endif
}
void chunk_reader::init(plen_t start)
{
ASSERT(!pkg->aborted);
pkg->n_users++;
pkg->reader_count[start]++;
first_block = next_block = start;
block_left = 0;
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
if (!start)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- zlib header missing");
zs.zalloc = 0;
zs.zfree = 0;
zs.opaque = Z_NULL;
zs.next_in = Z_NULL;
zs.avail_in = 0;
if (inflateInit(&zs))
fail("save file decompression failed during init: %s", zs.msg);
eof = false;
#endif
}
chunk_reader::chunk_reader(package *parent, plen_t start)
{
ASSERT(parent);
dprintf("chunk_reader[%u]: starting\n", start);
pkg = parent;
init(start);
}
chunk_reader::chunk_reader(package *parent, const string &_name)
{
ASSERT(parent);
if (!parent->has_chunk(_name))
corrupted("save file corrupted -- chunk \"%s\" missing", _name.c_str());
dprintf("chunk_reader(%s): starting\n", _name.c_str());
pkg = parent;
init(parent->directory[_name]);
}
chunk_reader::~chunk_reader()
{
dprintf("chunk_reader: closing\n");
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
if (inflateEnd(&zs) != Z_OK)
fail("save file decompression failed during clean-up: %s", zs.msg);
#endif
ASSERT(pkg->reader_count[first_block] > 0);
if (!--pkg->reader_count[first_block])
pkg->reader_count.erase(first_block);
ASSERT(pkg->n_users > 0);
pkg->n_users--;
}
plen_t chunk_reader::raw_read(void *data, plen_t len)
{
void *buf = data;
while (len)
{
if (!block_left)
{
if (!next_block)
return (char*)buf - (char*)data;
block_header bl;
pkg->seek(next_block);
ssize_t res = ::read(pkg->fd, &bl, sizeof(block_header));
if (res < 0)
sysfail("error reading the save file");
if (res != sizeof(block_header))
corrupted("save file corrupted -- block past eof");
off = next_block + sizeof(block_header);
block_left = htole(bl.len);
next_block = htole(bl.next);
// This reeks of on-disk corruption (zeroed data).
if (!block_left)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- empty block");
}
else
pkg->seek(off);
plen_t s = len;
if (s > block_left)
s = block_left;
ssize_t res = ::read(pkg->fd, buf, s);
if (res < 0)
sysfail("error reading the save file");
if ((plen_t)res != s)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- block past eof");
buf = (char*)buf + s;
off += s;
len -= s;
block_left -= s;
}
return (char*)buf - (char*)data;
}
plen_t chunk_reader::read(void *data, plen_t len)
{
ASSERT(data);
if (pkg->aborted)
return 0;
#ifdef USE_ZLIB
if (!len)
return 0;
if (eof)
return 0;
zs.next_out = (Bytef*)data;
zs.avail_out = len;
while (zs.avail_out)
{
if (!zs.avail_in)
{
zs.next_in = z_buffer;
zs.avail_in = raw_read(z_buffer, sizeof(z_buffer));
if (!zs.avail_in)
corrupted("save file corrupted -- block truncated");
}
int res = inflate(&zs, Z_NO_FLUSH);
if (res == Z_STREAM_END)
{
eof = true;
return zs.next_out - (Bytef*)data;
}
if (res != Z_OK)
corrupted("save file decompression failed: %s", zs.msg);
}
return zs.next_out - (Bytef*)data;
#else
return raw_read(data, len);
#endif
}
void chunk_reader::read_all(vector<char> &data)
{
#define SPACE 1024
plen_t s, at;
do
{
at = data.size();
data.resize(at + SPACE);
s = read(&data[at], SPACE);
} while (s == SPACE);
data.resize(at + s);
#undef SPACE
}
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