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<HTML>
<!-- SECTION: Getting Started -->
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Printing and Options</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>CUPS provides both the System V (<A
HREF="man-lp.html">lp(1)</A>) and Berkeley (<A
HREF="man-lpr.html">lpr(1)</A>) printing commands for printing
files. In addition, it supported a large number of standard and
printer-specific options that allow you to control how and where
files are printed.</P>
<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="BASICS">Printing Files</A></H2>
<P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly,
including text, PostScript, PDF, and image files. This allows you
to print from inside your applications or at the command-line,
whichever is most convenient! Type either of the following
commands to print a file to the default (or only) printer on the
system:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp filename
lpr filename
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="PRINTER">Choosing a Printer</A></H3>
<P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the
user. These printers can be attached to the local system via a
parallel, serial, or USB port, or available over the network. Use
the <A HREF="man-lpstat.html">lpstat(1)</A> command to see a list
of available printers:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lpstat -p -d
</PRE>
<P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a
list of printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the
current default printer or class.</P>
<P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <B>lp</B> command to
print to a specific printer:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -d printer filename
</PRE>
<P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <B>lpr</B> command:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lpr -P printer filename
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="DEFAULT">Setting the Default Printer</A></H3>
<P>If you normally use a particular printer, you can tell CUPS to
use it by default using the <A
HREF="man-lpoptions.html">lpoptions(1)</A> command:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lpoptions -d printer
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="PIPE">Printing the Output of a Program</A></H3>
<P>Both the <B>lp</B> and <B>lpr</B> commands support printing
from the standard input:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
program | lp
program | lp -d printer
program | lpr
program | lpr -P printer
</PRE>
<P>If the program does not provide any output, then nothing will
be queued for printing.</P>
<H3><A NAME="WITHOPTIONS">Specifying Printer Options</A></H3>
<P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be
sufficient for your needs. However, there may be times when you
need to change the options for a particular file you are
printing.</P>
<P>The <B>lp</B> and <B>lpr</B> commands allow you to pass
printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
</PRE>
<P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer.
The standard options are described in the "<A
HREF="#OPTIONS">Standard Printing Options</A>" section
below.</P>
<H3><A NAME="COPIES">Printing Multiple Copies</A></H3>
<P>Both the <B>lp</B> and <B>lpr</B> commands have options for
printing more than one copy of a file:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename
lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename
</PRE>
<P>Copies are normally <EM>not</EM> collated for you. Use the
<CODE>-o Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename
lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename
</PRE>
<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="CANCEL">Canceling a Print Job</A></H2>
<P>The <A HREF="man-cancel.html">cancel(1)</A> and <A
HREF="man-lprm.html">lprm(1)</A> commands cancel a print job:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
cancel <I>job-id</I>
lprm <I>job-id</I>
</PRE>
<P>The <I>job-id</I> is the number that was reported to you by
the <B>lp</B> command. You can also get the job ID using the <A
HREF="man-lpq.html">lpq(1)</A> or <A
HREF="man-lpstat.html">lpstat</A> commands:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lpq
lpstat
</PRE>
<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="OPTIONS">Standard Printing Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply when printing all types of
files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="MEDIA">Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size,
type, and/or source:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o media=Letter filename
lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename
lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename
lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename
</PRE>
<P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the
printer, but most support the following options (case is not
significant):</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)
<LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)
<LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)
<LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or
241x105mm)
<LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)
<LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source
<LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray
<LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray
<LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray
<LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray
</UL>
<P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD
file in the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and
<CODE>MediaType</CODE> options. You can list them using the
<B>lpoptions(1)</B> command:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lpoptions -p printer -l
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="ORIENTATION">Setting the Orientation</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90
degrees to print in landscape orientation:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o landscape filename
lpr -o landscape filename
</PRE>
<P>The <CODE>-o orientation-requested=N</CODE> option rotates the
page depending on the value of N:</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=3</CODE> - portrait
orientation (no rotation)</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=4</CODE> - landscape
orientation (90 degrees)</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=5</CODE> - reverse
landscape or seascape orientation (270 degrees)</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=6</CODE> - reverse
portrait or upside-down orientation (180 degrees)</LI>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="SIDES">Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o
sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable two-sided
printing on the printer if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o
sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for
landscape pages, while the <CODE>-o
sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is suitable for portrait
pages:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename
lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename
lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename
</PRE>
<P>The default is to print single-sided:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o sides=one-sided filename
lpr -o sides=one-sided filename
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="JOBSHEETS">Selecting the Banner Page(s)</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner
page(s) to use for a job:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o job-sheets=none filename
lp -o job-sheets=standard filename
lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename
</PRE>
<P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed
before the files in the job. If a second banner file is
specified, it is printed after the files in the job.</P>
<P>The available banner pages depend on the local system
configuration; CUPS includes the following banner files:</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page.
<LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a "classified"
label at the top and bottom.
<LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a
"confidential" label at the top and bottom.
<LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a "secret" label
at the top and bottom.
<LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the
top and bottom.
<LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a "top secret"
label at the top and bottom.
<LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an
"unclassified" label at the top and bottom.
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="PAGERANGES">Selecting a Range of Pages</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range
of pages for printing:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o page-ranges=1 filename
lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename
lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename
lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename
</PRE>
<P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a
range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by
commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless
of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option.
<P>The default is to print all pages.
<H3><A NAME="PAGESET">Selecting Even or Odd Pages</A></H3>
<P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd pages:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o page-set=odd filename
lp -o page-set=even filename
lpr -o page-set=even filename
</PRE>
<P>The default is to print all pages.
<H3><A NAME="NUMBERUP">N-Up Printing</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up
printing. N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a
single printed page. CUPS supports 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 16-Up
formats; the default format is 1-Up:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o number-up=1 filename
lp -o number-up=2 filename
lp -o number-up=4 filename
lpr -o number-up=16 filename
</PRE>
<P>The <CODE>-o page-border=value</CODE> option chooses the
border to draw around each page:</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>-o page-border=double</CODE>; draw two hairline borders around each page</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o page-border=double-thick</CODE>; draw two 1pt borders around each page</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o page-border=none</CODE>; do not draw a border (default)</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o page-border=single</CODE>; draw one hairline border around each page</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o page-border=single-thick</CODE>; draw one 1pt border around each page</LI>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>-o number-up-layout=value</CODE> option chooses the
layout of the pages on each output page:</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=btlr</CODE>; Bottom to top, left to right</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=btrl</CODE>; Bottom to top, right to left</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=lrbt</CODE>; Left to right, bottom to top</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=lrtb</CODE>; Left to right, top to bottom (default)</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=rlbt</CODE>; Right to left, bottom to top</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=rltb</CODE>; Right to left, top to bottom</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=tblr</CODE>; Top to bottom, left to right</LI>
<LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=tbrl</CODE>; Top to bottom, right to left</LI>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="FITPLOT">Scaling to Fit</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the document
should be scaled to fit on the page:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o fitplot filename
lpr -o fitplot filename
</PRE>
<P>The default is to use the size specified in the file.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>Note: This feature depends upon an accurate size in
the print file. If no size is given in the file, the page may be
scaled incorrectly!</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3><A NAME="RAW">Raw or Unfiltered Output</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files
directly to a printer without filtering. This is sometimes
required when printing from applications that provide their own
"printer drivers" for your printer:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o raw filename
lpr -o raw filename
</PRE>
<P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the
<B>lpr</B> command to send files directly to a printer:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lpr -l filename
</PRE>
<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="TEXTOPTIONS">Text Options</A></H2>
<P>CUPS supports several options that are only used when printing
plain text files. These options have absolutely no effect on
PostScript, PDF, HP-GL/2, or image files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="CPI">Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of
characters per inch:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o cpi=10 filename
lp -o cpi=12 filename
lpr -o cpi=17 filename
</PRE>
<P>The default characters per inch is 10.</P>
<H3><A NAME="LPI">Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines
per inch:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o lpi=6 filename
lpr -o lpi=8 filename
</PRE>
<P>The default lines per inch is 6.</P>
<H3><A NAME="COLUMNS">Setting the Number of Columns</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of
text columns:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o columns=2 filename
lpr -o columns=3 filename
</PRE>
<P>The default number of columns is 1.</P>
<H3><A NAME="MARGINS">Setting the Page Margins</A></H3>
<P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the
printer. Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o
page-right=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and
<CODE>-o page-bottom=value</CODE> options to adjust the page
margins:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename
lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename
lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename
lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename
lpr -o page-left=<I>value</I> -o page-right=<I>value</I> -o page-top=<I>value</I> -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename
</PRE>
<P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each
point is 1/72 inch or 0.35mm.</P>
<H3><A NAME="PRETTYPRINT">Pretty Printing</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the
top of each page with the page number, job title (usually the
filename), and the date. Also, C and C++ keywords are
highlighted, and comment lines are italicized:</P>
<PRE CLASS="command">
lp -o prettyprint filename
lpr -o prettyprint filename
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
