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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features.html#calendar-and-contact-dav-collection-management">Calendar and Contact (DAV) Collection Management</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/caldav-collections.html">CalDAV Collections</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/dav-components.html">DAV Components</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/dav-collection-mgmt.html">DAV Collection Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/carddav.html">CardDAV Support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features.html#storage">Storage</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/mail-spool-partitions.html">Mail Spool Partitions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/mailbox-metadata-partitions.html">Mailbox Metadata Partitions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/archiving.html">Archiving</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/quota.html">Quota</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/single-instance-store.html">Single-Instance Store</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features.html#load-management">Load Management</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/features/server-aggregation.html">Cyrus IMAP Murder (Server Aggregation)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html">Concepts</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#access-control-lists">Access Control Lists</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#working-with-acls">Working with ACLs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#sample-acl">Sample ACL</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#access-rights">Access Rights</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#access-control-defaults">Access Control Defaults</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#access-control-identifier-aci">Access Control Identifier (ACI)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#negative-rights">Negative Rights</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#calculating-a-users-rights">Calculating a Users’ Rights</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#login-authentication">Login Authentication</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#anonymous-login">Anonymous Login</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#plaintext-authentication">Plaintext Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#kerberos-logins">Kerberos Logins</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#shared-secrets-logins">Shared Secrets Logins</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#quotas">Quotas</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#working-with-quotas">Working with Quotas</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#monitor-and-repair">Monitor and Repair</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#supported-quota-types">Supported Quota Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#quota-roots">Quota Roots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#controlling-quota-behavior">Controlling Quota Behavior</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#mail-delivery-behavior">Mail Delivery Behavior</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#quota-warnings-upon-select-when-user-has-d-rights">Quota Warnings Upon Select When User Has <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code> Rights</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#quotas-and-partitions">Quotas and Partitions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#new-mail-notification">New Mail Notification</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#partitions">Partitions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#specifying-partitions-with-create">Specifying Partitions with “create”</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#changing-partitions-with-rename">Changing Partitions with “rename”</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#news">News</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#pop3-server">POP3 Server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#the-syslog-facility">The syslog facility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#mail-directory-recovery">Mail Directory Recovery</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#reconstructing-mailbox-directories">Reconstructing Mailbox Directories</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#reconstructing-the-mailboxes-file">Reconstructing the Mailboxes File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#reconstructing-quota-roots">Reconstructing Quota Roots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#removing-quota-roots">Removing Quota Roots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#subscriptions">Subscriptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#configuration-directory">Configuration Directory</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#log-directory">Log Directory</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#proc-directory">Proc Directory</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#message-delivery">Message Delivery</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#local-mail-transfer-protocol-lmtp">Local Mail Transfer Protocol (lmtp)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#single-instance-store">Single Instance Store</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#duplicate-delivery-suppression">Duplicate Delivery Suppression</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#sieve-a-mail-filtering-language">Sieve, a Mail Filtering Language</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/overview_and_concepts.html#cyrus-murder-the-imap-aggregator">Cyrus Murder, the IMAP Aggregator</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../setup.html">Setup</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html">Compiling</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#setting-up-dependencies">Setting up dependencies</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#required-build-dependencies">Required Build Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#build-dependencies-for-additional-functionality">Build dependencies for additional functionality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#compile-cyrus">Compile Cyrus</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#default-build-mail-only">Default build: mail only</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#optional-dependencies">Optional dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#compile">Compile</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html#check">Check</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html">Installing Cyrus</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#install-cyrus">Install Cyrus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#optional-components">Optional Components</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/installation/manage-dav.html">HTTP modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/installation/virus.html">Virus Scanner</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#setting-up-syslog">Setting up syslog</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#create-cyrus-environment">Create Cyrus environment</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#set-up-the-cyrus-mail-user-and-group">Set up the cyrus:mail user and group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#authentication-with-sasl">Authentication with SASL</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#mail-delivery-from-your-mta">Mail delivery from your MTA</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#protocol-ports">Protocol ports</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#cyrus-config-files">Cyrus config files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#optional-setting-up-tls-certificates">Optional: Setting up TLS certificates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#prepare-ephemeral-run-time-storage-directories">Prepare ephemeral (run-time) storage directories</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#launch-cyrus">Launch Cyrus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#send-a-test-email">Send a test email</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#checking-carddav-and-caldav">Checking CardDAV and CalDAV</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html">Upgrading to 3.6</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#preparation">1. Preparation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#versions-to-upgrade-from">Versions to upgrade from</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#installation-from-tarball">Installation from tarball</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#storage-changes">Storage changes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#how-are-you-planning-on-upgrading">How are you planning on upgrading?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#do-what-as-who">Do What As Who?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#install-new-3-6-cyrus">2. Install new 3.6 Cyrus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#shut-down-existing-cyrus">3. Shut down existing Cyrus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#backup-and-copy-existing-data">4. Backup and Copy existing data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#copy-config-files-and-update">5. Copy config files and update</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#upgrade-specific-items">6. Upgrade specific items</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#start-new-3-6-cyrus-and-verify">7. Start new 3.6 Cyrus and verify</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#reconstruct-databases-and-cache">8. Reconstruct databases and cache</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#do-you-want-any-new-features">9. Do you want any new features?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#upgrade-complete">10. Upgrade complete</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download/upgrade.html#special-note-for-murder-configurations">Special note for Murder configurations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment.html">Configuration Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html">Deployment Scenarios</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#single-server-deployments">Single Server Deployments</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#multi-server-deployments">Multi Server Deployments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#cyrus-murder-server-aggregation">Cyrus Murder: Server aggregation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#the-discrete-murder">The Discrete Murder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#the-unified-murder">The Unified Murder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#the-shared-murder">The Shared Murder</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#cyrus-replication">Cyrus Replication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/deployment_scenarios.html#hosted-environments">Hosted Environments</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/databases.html">Databases</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/databases.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/databases.html#file-list">File list</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/databases.html#storage-types">Storage types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html">Mailbox Creation Distribution</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#selection-mode">Selection Mode</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#special-cases">Special cases</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#partitions-exclusion">Partitions Exclusion</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#partitions-usage-data-reset">Partitions Usage Data Reset</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#mailbox-creation-distribution-through-murder-frontend">Mailbox Creation Distribution Through <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">murder</span> <span class="pre">frontend</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#backends-exclusion">Backends Exclusion</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/mailbox_creation_distribution.html#backends-usage-data-reset">Backends Usage Data Reset</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/known_protocol_limitations.html">Known Protocol Limitations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/known_protocol_limitations.html#pop3-and-mailbox-locking">POP3 and Mailbox Locking</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/known_protocol_limitations.html#cyrus-imap-pop3-implementation">Cyrus IMAP POP3 Implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/authentication_and_authorization.html">Authentication and Authorization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/authentication_and_authorization.html#client-authentication">Client Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/authentication_and_authorization.html#users-and-mailboxes">Users and Mailboxes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/performance_recommendations.html">Performance Recommendations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/performance_recommendations.html#databases-on-temporary-filesystems">Databases on Temporary Filesystems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/performance_recommendations.html#certificates">Certificates</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html">Storage Considerations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#general-notes-on-storage">General Notes on Storage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#redundancy">Redundancy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#availability">Availability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#performance">Performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#scalability">Scalability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#capacity">Capacity</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/storage.html#cost">Cost</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/supported-platforms.html">Supported Platforms and System Requirements</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/supported-platforms.html#building-cyrus-imap">Building Cyrus IMAP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/supported-platforms.html#required-software-components">Required Software Components</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/supported-platforms.html#recommended-software-components">Recommended Software Components</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/deployment/supported-platforms.html#recommended-software-components-enabled-by-default">Recommended Software Components Enabled by Default</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../operations.html">Operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/index.html">Man pages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/index.html#configuration-files">(5) Configuration Files</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/configs/cyrus.conf.html"><strong>cyrus.conf</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/configs/imapd.conf.html"><strong>imapd.conf</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/configs/krb.equiv.html"><strong>krb.equiv</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/index.html#system-commands">(8) System Commands</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/arbitron.html"><strong>arbitron</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/backupd.html"><strong>backupd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/chk_cyrus.html"><strong>chk_cyrus</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ctl_backups.html"><strong>ctl_backups</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ctl_conversationsdb.html"><strong>ctl_conversationsdb</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ctl_cyrusdb.html"><strong>ctl_cyrusdb</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ctl_deliver.html"><strong>ctl_deliver</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ctl_mboxlist.html"><strong>ctl_mboxlist</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ctl_zoneinfo.html"><strong>ctl_zoneinfo</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cvt_cyrusdb.html"><strong>cvt_cyrusdb</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cvt_xlist_specialuse.html"><strong>cvt_xlist_specialuse</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_backup.html"><strong>cyr_backup</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_buildinfo.html"><strong>cyr_buildinfo</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_dbtool.html"><strong>cyr_dbtool</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_deny.html"><strong>cyr_deny</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_df.html"><strong>cyr_df</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_expire.html"><strong>cyr_expire</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_info.html"><strong>cyr_info</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_ls.html"><strong>cyr_ls</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_synclog.html"><strong>cyr_synclog</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_userseen.html"><strong>cyr_userseen</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyr_virusscan.html"><strong>cyr_virusscan</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyradm.html"><strong>cyradm</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/cyrdump.html"><strong>cyrdump</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/deliver.html"><strong>deliver</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/fetchnews.html"><strong>fetchnews</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/fud.html"><strong>fud</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/httpd.html"><strong>httpd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/idled.html"><strong>idled</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/imapd.html"><strong>imapd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ipurge.html"><strong>ipurge</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/lmtpd.html"><strong>lmtpd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/lmtpproxyd.html"><strong>lmtpproxyd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/masssievec.html"><strong>masssievec</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/master.html"><strong>master</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/mbexamine.html"><strong>mbexamine</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/mbpath.html"><strong>mbpath</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/mbtool.html"><strong>mbtool</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/mkimap.html"><strong>mkimap</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/mknewsgroups.html"><strong>mknewsgroups</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/mupdate.html"><strong>mupdate</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/nntpd.html"><strong>nntpd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/notifyd.html"><strong>notifyd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/pop3d.html"><strong>pop3d</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/pop3proxyd.html"><strong>pop3proxyd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/promstatsd.html"><strong>promstatsd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/proxyd.html"><strong>proxyd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ptdump.html"><strong>ptdump</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ptexpire.html"><strong>ptexpire</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/ptloader.html"><strong>ptloader</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/quota.html"><strong>quota</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/reconstruct.html"><strong>reconstruct</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/rehash.html"><strong>rehash</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/relocate_by_id.html"><strong>relocate_by_id</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/restore.html"><strong>restore</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/sievec.html"><strong>sievec</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/sieved.html"><strong>sieved</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/smmapd.html"><strong>smmapd</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/squatter.html"><strong>squatter</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/sync_client.html"><strong>sync_client</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/sync_reset.html"><strong>sync_reset</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/sync_server.html"><strong>sync_server</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/timsieved.html"><strong>timsieved</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/tls_prune.html"><strong>tls_prune</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/translatesieve.html"><strong>translatesieve</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/systemcommands/unexpunge.html"><strong>unexpunge</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/index.html#user-commands">(1) User Commands</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/arbitronsort.pl.html"><strong>arbitronsort.pl</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/dav_reconstruct.html"><strong>dav_reconstruct</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/httptest.html"><strong>httptest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/imtest.html"><strong>imtest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/installsieve.html"><strong>installsieve</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/lmtptest.html"><strong>lmtptest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/mupdatetest.html"><strong>mupdatetest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/nntptest.html"><strong>nntptest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/pop3test.html"><strong>pop3test</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/sieveshell.html"><strong>sieveshell</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/sivtest.html"><strong>sivtest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/smtptest.html"><strong>smtptest</strong></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/manpages/usercommands/synctest.html"><strong>synctest</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin.html">Administrator Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/architecture.html">System Architecture</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin.html#management">Management</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/locations.html">File & Directory Locations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/ports-sockets.html">Ports and Sockets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/access-control.html">Access Control</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/quotas.html">Quotas</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/sieve.html">Cyrus Sieve</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/backups.html">Cyrus Backups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/nntp.html">Cyrus NNTP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/protlayer.html">Cyrus Prot Layer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/sop.html">Standard Operating Procedures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/eventsource.html">Cyrus Event Source</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/monitoring.html">Monitoring</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/config-mailboxdistribution.html">Mailbox Distribution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/murder/murder.html">Cyrus Murder</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/nginx-proxy.html">HOWTO: Using an NGINX IMAP Proxy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/admin/tweaking.html">Tweaking Cyrus IMAP</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faq.html#features">Features</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/feature-database-backend.html">Which database backend should I use for which databases?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/feature-duplicate-delivery.html">Duplicate Delivery Suppression</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faq.html#installation-problems">Installation Problems</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/install-compilationerrors.html">Compilation errors about kssl.h and krb5.h on Red Hat Linux/Fedora</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/install-install-help.html">Help! There must be an easier way to get all this going…</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/install-linkerwarnings.html">OpenSSL Version Mismatches</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faq.html#common-feature-requests">Common Feature Requests</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/r-murder-ha.html">Does the Cyrus Murder support High Availability configurations?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/r-pop3-logging.html">Can I configure pop3d to log amount and size of messages fetched by user?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/r-publicssharedfolders.html">How can I make CyrusSieve work with public shared folders?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/r-subfolders.html">Can I have subfolders not appear under INBOX?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faq.html#common-operational-questions">Common Operational Questions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-acls.html">How do I view ACLs on a mailbox?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-annotations.html">What annotations are available?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-configdir-tempfs.html">Is it safe to put <configdirectory>/proc and <configdirectory>/lock on a tmpfs filesystem?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-coredump.html">How to enable core dumps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-delete-mailbox.html">Why can I not delete a mailbox as an admin user?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-deleted-expired-expunged-purged.html">When is What … Deleted, Expired, Expunged or Purged?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-deliverdb-size.html">Why is deliver.db so large?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-freezes.html">I have multiple imapd-SERVICES configured and experience occasional freezes when I try to log in!</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-gdb.html">How to run gdb on Cyrus components</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-mailbox-doesnotexist.html">Cyrus delivers claims that the mailbox does not exist</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-mixedcase.html">Why is mail being rejected with No Mailbox found due to MiXed CaSe incoming e-mail?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-otherdatabases.html">Can I use MySQL (or another SQL database) as the primary mail store?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-pop3slow.html">Why do POP3 connections take so long, but once the connection is established all is well?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-reconstruct.html">Why does reconstruct -m not work?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-sharedfilesystem-gpfs.html">Shared File Systems GPFS for high availability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-telemetry.html">How to enable telemetry</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-toomanyprocesses.html">The process count keeps growing!</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-unable-join-environment.html">“unable to join environment” error</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/o-vacation-mailfrom.html">Why does Cyrus set the MAIL FROM address of the sender of vacation responses to ‘<>’?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faq.html#common-interoperability-problems">Common Interoperability Problems</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/interop-8bit.html">Why does Cyrus reject 8-bit characters in the headers of my messages?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/interop-barenewlines.html">Why does Cyrus reject messages with “bare newlines”?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/interop-sieve-exim.html">How do I get Cyrus Sieve to play nice with Exim?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/faqs/interop-slow-delivery.html">Why does mail delivery go slow or hang sometimes?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../developers.html">Developers</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../contribute.html">We need your help</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html">Contribute docs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#documentation-tools">Documentation Tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#building-the-files">Building the files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#submitting-updates">Submitting updates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#using-github-pull-requests">Using GitHub pull requests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#patches-through-the-mailing-list">Patches through the mailing list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#special-tags">Special Tags</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#rfc">rfc</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#cyrusman">cyrusman</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#imap-current-stable-version">imap_current_stable_version</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#conventions-man-pages">Conventions: Man Pages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../developer.html">Contribute code and tests</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../developer.html#getting-started">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../process.html">Development Process</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview.html">Overview of Cyrus development environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../github-guide.html">GitHub guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../compiling.html">Compiling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../installing.html">Installing Cyrus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../developer-testing.html">Developer Test Environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../jmap.html">JMAP support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../developer.html#system-files-and-databases">System files and Databases</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../namespaces.html">Namespaces: a developer view</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../developer.html#resources">Resources</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries.html">Developer Libraries</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../developer.html#releasing">Releasing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../releasing.html">Releasing Cyrus IMAP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../ancient-releasing.html">Releasing new builds of ancient Cyrus IMAP versions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cyrusworks.html">Cyrus.Works</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../cyrusworks.html#about-cyrus-works">About Cyrus Works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../cyrusworks.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../developers.html#cyrus-internals">Cyrus Internals</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../API.html">Cyrus APIs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../API/cyrusdb.html">CyrusDB API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../API/cyrusdb2.html">cyrusdb API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../API/index-api.html">Index API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../API/mailbox-api.html">Mailbox API</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts.html">Thoughts & Notes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts/backup.html">Notes for backup implementation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts/bytecode.html">Cyrus IMAP Server: Sieve Bytecode</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts/caldav_scheduling_flowchart.html">Cyrus CalDAV Scheduling Flowchart</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts/improved_mboxlist_sort.html">Enabling improved_mboxlist_sort</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts/notes.html">Cyrus IMAP Server: Notes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../thoughts/prot-events.html">Cyrus IMAP Server: Prot Events</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../guidance.html">Guidance for Developers</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hacking.html">Cyrus IMAP Server: Hacking</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../overview/cyrus_bylaws.html#i-the-cyrus-governance-board">I. The Cyrus Governance Board</a></li>
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<span class="target" id="imap-developer-guidance-internationalization"></span><div class="section" id="cyrus-imap-server-internationalization">
<h1>Cyrus IMAP Server: Internationalization<a class="headerlink" href="#cyrus-imap-server-internationalization" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h2>introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Cyrus currently transcodes characters to a canonical UTF-8 form for
searching. The base spec of IMAP4 only requires understanding multiple
character sets to properly implement SEARCH. Since the base spec came
out, several extensions have been proposed that require further charset
support: SORT, THREAD, and the Sieve subsystem. As of this writing,
Cyrus doesn’t correctly support these other commands.</p>
<p>Cyrus currently only believes in 16-bit characters. Technically, Unicode
has up to 21-bit characters (expressible in UTF-16 and 3-byte UTF-8) and
ISO 10646 allows up to 31-bit characters (though ISO’s current policy is
to not allocate any characters outside of the 21-bit Unicode range). The
lower 16-bit characters make up the basic multilingual plane (BMP) where
the majority of languages live. This restriction is apparent in
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charset.c:writeutf8()</span></code>, the UTF-8 decoders, and the Unicode
canonicalization table used by Cyrus. Since Cyrus’s known character sets
(except for UTF-8) don’t contain any characters off of the BMP this
isn’t seen to be a major problem.</p>
<p>Throughout this text, Unicode and ISO 10646 will be used interchangeable
to refer to the 16-bit character set of the BMP, regardless of encoding.
“Character”, unless otherwise specified, refers to a single Unicode
character <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ffff</span></code> or under.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cyrus-canonical-form">
<h2>cyrus canonical form<a class="headerlink" href="#cyrus-canonical-form" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Since when users search e-mail messages it’s much easier for them to
eliminate false positives than realize there are hits that aren’t
displayed, the Cyrus searching algorithm errs on the side of more
matches. Before comparing any two strings, Cyrus puts them in a
canonical form. Logically, the process works as follows:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>the input string is translated into a sequence of Unicode characters.</p></li>
<li><p>each character is transformed into lowercase. (For some characters, a
single uppercase character may transform into multiple lowercase
characters.)</p></li>
<li><p>each character is fully decomposed.</p></li>
<li><p>all whitespace (Unicode general categories starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Z</span></code>) is
removed.</p></li>
<li><p>combining diacritical marks, such as the accent on é, are removed.
(These are Unicode characters <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0300</span></code>-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">03ff</span></code>.)</p></li>
<li><p>certain characters are expanded to alternative spellings using ASCII
characters, such as “æ” to “ae”.</p></li>
<li><p>the output characters are then encoded in UTF-8.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The actual transcoding does all of these steps at once with the aid of
tables, carefully built at compile-time.</p>
<p>The central part of Cyrus’s internationalization support is it’s
transcoding routines in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/charset.[ch]</span></code>, and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/chartable.[ch]</span></code>. Cyrus’s transcoding routines are very elegant
and very compact, thus somewhat intimidating. During compilation, Cyrus
builds up a large number of tables (see <a class="reference external" href="#mkchartable">mkchartable</a>)
and uses them so that it never has to consider more than a single octet
at a time while outputting the Cyrus canonical form for an input string.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="external-interface">
<h2>external interface<a class="headerlink" href="#external-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/charset.h</span></code> is the public interface for Cyrus lib clients to get
character canonicalization and searching support. In contains the
following functions:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*charset_convert(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*s,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">charset,</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*buf,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">bufsz)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Given a string <em>s</em> in charset <em>charset</em>, decode it into canonical
form in <em>buf</em>. <em>buf</em> must be reallocable and currently at least size
<em>bufsz</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*charset_decode_mimeheader(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*s,</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*buf,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">bufsz)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Given a string <em>s</em> containing possible MIME encoded substrings (per
RFC 2047), decode into canonical form in <em>buf</em>. <em>buf</em> must be
reallocable and currently at least size <em>bufsz</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charset_index</span> <span class="pre">charset_lookupname(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*name)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Given <em>name</em> return the Cyrus charset index. 0 always represents
US-ASCII. The returned charset_index may be saved in a file; it is
stable and is an integer. If this version of Cyrus does not support
the charset, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHARSET_UNKNOWN_CHARSET</span></code> is returned.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">comp_pat</span> <span class="pre">*charset_compilepat(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*s)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Compiles a NUL-terminated canonicalized string <em>s</em> into a
Boyer-Moore table for fast searching. I’ll describe these <a class="reference external" href="#comp_pat">compiled
patterns</a> later.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span> <span class="pre">charset_freepat(comp_pat</span> <span class="pre">*pat)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Frees a pattern previously return by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charset_compilepat()</span></code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">charset_searchstring(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*substr,</span> <span class="pre">comp_pat</span> <span class="pre">*pat,</span>     <span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*s,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">len)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Searches for a canonicalized string <em>substr</em> in the canonicalized
string <em>s</em>. <em>s</em> is of length <em>len</em>. <em>substr</em> must have been
previously compiled into <em>pat</em>. Returns non-zero for a hit, zero for
no match.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">charset_searchfile(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*substr,</span> <span class="pre">comp_pat</span> <span class="pre">*pat,</span>                               <span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*msg_base,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">mapnl,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">len,</span>                               <span class="pre">charset_index</span> <span class="pre">charset,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">encoding)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Searches for the canonicalized string <em>substr</em> with compiled pattern
<em>pat</em> in a large buffer starting at <em>msg_base</em> of length <em>len</em>. The
large buffer is of charset <em>charset</em> with the encoding <em>encoding</em>.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charset_searchfile()</span></code> will dynamically unencode and canonicalize
the search text looking for <em>substr</em>. (If <em>mapnl</em> is set, the buffer
has only <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\n</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r\n</span></code>, but the length assumes that
each <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\n</span></code> is dynamically converted to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r\n</span></code>. This feature is
deprecated.)</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*charset_decode_mimebody(const</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*msg_base,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">len,</span>                                      <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">encoding,</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">**buf,</span> <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">*bufsz,</span>                                      <span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">*outlen)</span></code></dt><dd><p>Decode the MIME body part (per RFC 2045) located in the large buffer
starting at <em>msg_base</em> of length <em>len</em>. The large buffer is of
encoding <em>encoding</em>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charset_decode_mimebody()</span></code> will decode into
<em>buf</em>. <em>buf</em> must be reallocable and currently at least size
<em>bufsz</em>. The number of decoded bytes is returned in <em>outlen</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charset_extractfile()</span></code></dt><dd><p>Used by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">squatter</span></code> and possibly other text indexing engines, but
not described here.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-translate-macro-using-the-transcoding-tables">
<h2>the TRANSLATE macro: using the transcoding tables<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translate-macro-using-the-transcoding-tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The external interface is implemented with the help of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code> macros:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span> <span class="pre">START(struct</span> <span class="pre">decode_state</span> <span class="pre">*state,</span> <span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">(*table)[256][4])</span></code></dt><dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START</span></code> initializes <em>state</em> to be ready for transcoding of the
charset translation table given with <em>table</em>. The starting active
table is always the first one in the list passed in.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span> <span class="pre">TRANSLATE(struct</span> <span class="pre">decode_state</span> <span class="pre">*state,</span> <span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">input,</span> <span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">char</span> <span class="pre">*outbuf,</span> <span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">outindex)</span></code></dt><dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code> takes four parameters: <em>state</em> is the current state of
the translation; it must have been initialized with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START</span></code> and is
modified by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code>; <em>input</em> is one octet of input from the
stream to be transcoded; <em>outbuf</em> is a pointer to the start of the
buffer to write output characters; <em>outindex</em> is the index where
this translation should be written. The size of <em>outbuf</em> must be at
least <em>outindex + charset_max_translation</em>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Each charset consists of a set of one or more tables; the <em>table</em>
parameter passed into <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START</span></code> is the first of these tables and the
others are adjacent in memory. Characters are transcoded by indexing
into the active table with <em>input</em> and examining the 4 octet
translation. The 4 octet translation may consist of 0–3 character
translations followed by a control code or a series of control codes. In
effect, the translation for a given octet is a mini-program that
consists either of UTF-8 octets or control codes. One of the control
codes RET, END, JSR, or JMP must occur in the 4 octet translation.</p>
<div class="section" id="control-codes">
<h3>control codes<a class="headerlink" href="#control-codes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Control codes are represented by uppercase US-ASCII characters since no
uppercase characters can appear in the output translation (recall that
Cyrus canonical form downcases). Any uppercase US-ASCII character
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[A</span> <span class="pre">..</span> <span class="pre">Z]</span></code>) is thus interpreted specially by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code>
virtual machine. Any other octet encountered as an output translation is
presumed to be part of the UTF-8 output sequence and copied to the
output.</p>
<p>The names of control codes are actually C pre-processor defines to
uppercase US-ASCII characters. As the mnenomics are easier to
understand, I use them in discussing their semantics.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="control-code-reference">
<h3>control code reference<a class="headerlink" href="#control-code-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code> recognizes the following “normal” control codes:</p>
<dl>
<dt>XLT</dt><dd><p>This is the first octet of the four octet sequence, indicating that
the desired translation is larger than 3 UTF-8 octets. The next two
octets represent an offset to look up in the special
chartables_long_translations[] table. After that translation is
copied to the outbuf, the final octet is interpreted (it must be
either a RET or an END).</p>
</dd>
<dt>JSR</dt><dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code> virtual machine has a stack, fixed at size 1. A
JSR copies address of the current active table to the stack and
transitions to the active table given by the next two octets. (For
instance, table 1 would be the next table after the table given as a
parameter to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">START</span></code>.) Translation of the current octet stops
after encountering a JSR.</p>
<p>JSRs are useful for converting a two octet input character: the
first octet in the character will make a JSR to some table; the
second octet will produce a translation and RET to the current
table.</p>
<p>Since the virtual machine has a fixed size stack, it would be highly
unusual for the virtual machine to encounter two different JSRs
without an intervening RET.</p>
</dd>
<dt>JMP</dt><dd><p>Similar to JSR, but does not change the stack. It is the equivalent
of a goto. JMPs are useful to deal with modal input character sets
(such as an escape in ISO-2022-JP, see <a class="reference external" href="#mkchartable">how the tables are
generated</a>).</p>
</dd>
<dt>RET</dt><dd><p>Indicates that we are done translating this input octet and we
should return to the previous active table. It might appear as the
first of the 4 translation octets, in which case this input
character translates into nothing (it might be whitespace, for
instance).</p>
</dd>
<dt>END</dt><dd><p>Indicates we are done translating this input octet. When
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TRANSLATE</span></code> is next called, that input octet will be interpreted
against the current active table; the stack does not change.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>In addition, it recognizes the following “special” control codes for
charsets that aren’t easily represented by a set of tables, UTF-8 and
UTF-7:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>U7F</dt><dd><p>UTF-7 consists of US-ASCII characters and a special escape character
that indicates a transition to base-64 encoded UTF-16 characters.
The virtual machine has built in code to handle the base64 decoding.
In UTF-7’s base64, 8 input octets result in 3 characters, so the
tables would be rather large.</p>
</dd>
<dt>U7N</dt><dd><p>This indicates that the current octet is the continuation of the
base-64 section.</p>
</dd>
<dt>U83</dt><dd><p>One and two character UTF-8 sequences are handled normally in the
charset code. To keep the table size down, 3 octet sequences are
handled specially. U83 indicates that the current input octet is the
start of a three character sequence. It is also an implicit jump to
the 2nd table in the UTF-8 sequence, ending this translation.</p>
</dd>
<dt>U83_2</dt><dd><p>This input octet 2nd of 3-octet UTF-8 input, with an implicit jump
to the 3rd table.</p>
</dd>
<dt>U83_3</dt><dd><p>3rd octet of a 3-octet UTF-8 input. This produces the output
characters and has an implicit jump to the 1st table of UTF-8.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Finally, it’s useful to mention the special character <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EMPTY</span></code> which is
guaranteed not to match any character. It is also represented by an
uppercase US-ASCII character.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="searching-and-compiled-patterns">
<h2>searching and compiled patterns<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-compiled-patterns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="boyer-moore">
<h3>boyer-moore<a class="headerlink" href="#boyer-moore" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>brief description of boyer-moore xxx</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cyrus-implementation">
<h3>cyrus implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#cyrus-implementation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>why two arrays? us-ascii optimization, really kinda useless now xxx</p>
<p>meta-data stored at the end xxx</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="generating-the-tables-mkchartable">
<h2>generating the tables: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mkchartable</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#generating-the-tables-mkchartable" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The program <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mkchartable</span></code> is used to generate the charset transcoding
tables used by TRANSLATE. These tables are carefully constructed so no
more than a single octet need be examined at a time; this octet results
in either an output stream of UTF-8 characters being generated or some
sort of state change.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mkchartable</span></code> uses three different sorts of input files to generate
these tables. These files are located in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib/charset</span></code> directory.</p>
<div class="section" id="charset-tables">
<h3>charset tables<a class="headerlink" href="#charset-tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Each charset file maps a single charset to the corresponding Unicode
characters. For the US-ASCII and ISO-8859-x character sets this is
trivial: each input byte corresponds to a single Unicode character.
(Actually, some ISO-8859-x octets do not map to any Unicode character.
In that case, the file either does not contain that octet or map it to
“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">????</span></code>”.)</p>
<p>Other character sets are trickier. For instance, GB-2312 has both single
and double byte characters, but is still a simple map from input
character to output character. More complicated are modal character
encodings. For instance, ISO-2022-JP starts in US-ASCII mode and uses
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1B</span></code> as an escape character followed by another two characters to
select a new mode.</p>
<p>The input charset labels modes with “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:</span></code>” followed by the mode name.
The starting mode “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">US-ASCII</span></code>” in ISO-2022-JP is preceded by
“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:US-ASCII</span></code>”. Mode transitions are denoted by a Unicode conversion of
“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">>newmode</span></code>” or “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:newmode</span></code>”. To denote that the octet <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">42</span></code>
transitions into the “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">US-ASCII</span></code>” mode, the charset file has
“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">42</span> <span class="pre">>US-ASCII</span></code>”. The mode names themselves are arbitrary labels and
have no effect on the output.</p>
<p>The input charset labels modes with “:” followed by the mode name. The
mode name is optionally followed by a space and the “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><</span></code>” character.
If the “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><</span></code>” character is present, then all translations will be
followed by a RET instruction instead of an END instruction.</p>
<p>The transition “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">>newmode</span></code>” results in a JSR instruction being
generated. A JMP instruction is generated by a transition of
“<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:newmode</span></code>”.</p>
<p>The input byte can be specified as “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code>”. This is used to define the
“default action” which is used for input bytes that are not otherwise
defined for the mode. If the default action is not explicitly stated, it
is a translation to EMPTY.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="unicode-data-table">
<h3>unicode data table<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode-data-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unidata2.txt</span></code> file is verbatim from the Unicode standard. More
recent versions should be available <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/xxx">from their
website</a>. Each entry in the file
describers a Unicode character by the following properties, separated by
semicolons:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>code point (16-bit character value) in hex</p></li>
<li><p>character name (unused by Cyrus)</p></li>
<li><p>general category, such as whitespace or punctuation</p></li>
<li><p>the canonical combining class (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>bidirection category (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>character decomposition</p></li>
<li><p>decimal digit value (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>digit value (unused, and, no, I don’t know the difference)</p></li>
<li><p>numeric value including fractions (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>mirrored character (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>Unicode 1.0 name (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>comment (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>upper case equivalent (unused)</p></li>
<li><p>lower case equivalent</p></li>
</ul>
<p>In general, Cyrus uses the lower case equivalent if there is one, and
the decomposed value otherwise.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="unicode-fixup-table">
<h3>unicode fixup table<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode-fixup-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unifix.txt</span></code> file contains Cyrus-specific mappings for characters.
It overrides the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unidata2.txt</span></code> table. Each rule in the file is
explained with a comment. It’s helpful to remember that the Unicode
general categories starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Z</span></code> represent whitespace, and
whitespace is always removed.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="generating-chartable-c">
<h3>generating <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chartable.c</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#generating-chartable-c" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>how <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mkchartable</span></code> works: collapses the encoding modes, the unicode
translations, and other normalizations into the output tables described
above xxx</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="for-the-future">
<h2>for the future<a class="headerlink" href="#for-the-future" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="sieve-acap-comparators">
<h3>Sieve/ACAP comparators<a class="headerlink" href="#sieve-acap-comparators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="section" id="adjustable-normalization">
<h3>adjustable normalization?<a class="headerlink" href="#adjustable-normalization" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The use of uppercase US-ASCII characters is one of the annoyances in
trying to generalize the charset transcoding. If we continue to restrict
the characters under consideration to the BMP, switching to UTF-8
control codes that start 4 or 5 byte sequences is possible.</p>
<p>Another possibility is to use a NUL character as an escape sequence,
though this increases the size of each control code by 1 octet.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="handle-2-octet-input-characters">
<h3>handle >2 octet input characters<a class="headerlink" href="#handle-2-octet-input-characters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="section" id="make-utf-8-more-regular">
<h3>make UTF-8 more regular<a class="headerlink" href="#make-utf-8-more-regular" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>consider whether we really need U83, U83_2, U83_3. also consider
changing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{</span> <span class="pre">U83,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">}</span></code> translations to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{</span> <span class="pre">U83,</span> <span class="pre">JMP,</span> <span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">}</span></code>
sequences to at least eliminate the implicit jump.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="require-minimal-utf-8-characters">
<h3>require minimal UTF-8 characters<a class="headerlink" href="#require-minimal-utf-8-characters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="references">
<h2>references<a class="headerlink" href="#references" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>xxx</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>[UNICODE] Unicode / ISO 10646</p></li>
<li><p>[UTF-8] utf-8 RFC</p></li>
<li><p>[UTF-7] utf-7 RFC</p></li>
<li><p>[BM] boyer-moore</p></li>
<li><p>[ACAP] the comparators reference. see section XXX of RFC 2244.</p></li>
</ul>
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