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Distribution (außer solchen, die auf Debian GNU/Linux basieren) verwendet wird.
Natürlich sind aus diesem Grunde alle Programme zur Installation auf dieses Paketformat
abgestimmt. Wir sind sicher, dass Sie alle benötigten Pakete in der Debian
GNU/Linux-Distribution finden werden. Trotzdem zeigen wir Ihnen hier einen Weg, um
fremde Pakete auf einem Debian GNU/Linux-System zu installieren. Dies kann auch zur
Installation von kommerzieller Software nützlich sein, die häufig im <code class="filename">rpm</code>-Format vorliegt.</p><div class="section" lang="de"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="alienp"></a>4.71.1 <a id="id546667" class="indexterm"></a><code class="filename">alien</code></h3></div></div></div><p>Das Programm <code class="filename">alien</code> dient dazu, Pakete in fremden Formaten auf
einem Debian GNU/Linux-System zu installieren. <code class="filename">alien</code> ist natürlich auf allen Linux-Distributionen
lauffähig und kann alle verbreiteten Paketformate entpacken und in das Format der
verwendeten Distribution konvertieren.</p><p>Natürlich gibt es bei solchen Konvertierungen manchmal Probleme. Das zu
installierende Paket wird in den meisten Fällen Bibliotheken verwenden, die nicht
zwingend auf dem Zielsystem vorhanden sind, oder eventuell nicht in der passenden
Version vorliegen. Gegebenenfalls müssen Sie auch diese Bibliotheken via <code class="filename">alien</code> installieren. In den meisten Fällen geht die
Installation aber problemlos über die Bühne.</p><p>
<code class="filename">alien</code> hat eine Reihe von Optionen; eine Übersicht
bekommen Sie, wenn Sie <code class="filename">alien</code> ohne weitere Optionen aufrufen.</p><pre class="programlisting">
linux:/home/fr/rpm2deb# alien
Usage: alien [options ...] file [...]
file [...] Package file or files to convert.
-d, --to-deb Generate a Debian deb package. (default)
Enables the following options:
--patch=<patch> Specify patch file to use instead of
automatically looking for patch in
/var/lib/alien.
--nopatch Do not use patches.
-r, --to-rpm Generate a RedHat rpm package.
-t, --to-tgz Generate a Slackware tgz package.
--to-slp Generate a Stampede .slp package.
-i, --install Install generated package.
-g, --generate Unpack, but do not generate a new package.
-s, --single Like --generate, but do not create .orig
directory.
-c, --scripts Include scripts in package.
-k, --keep-version Do not change version of generated package.
--description=<desc> Specify package description.
-h, --help Display this help message.
-v, --version Display alien's version number.
</pre><p> Die Benutzung von <code class="filename">alien</code> ist denkbar einfach. Im einfachsten Fall gibt
man <code class="filename">alien</code> einfach den Namen des zu konvertierenden
Pakets; <code class="filename">alien</code> erstellt dann daraus ein Paket mit der Endung <code class="filename">.deb</code>. Dieses können Sie dann wie jedes andere Paket
unter Debian GNU/Linux installieren. Als Beispiel soll uns das Programm <code class="filename">pi-address</code> dienen. Wenn Sie über einen Palm-Pilot
verfügen, sollten Sie das Debian Paket nach dem Versuch nicht löschen; wir kommen
später noch einmal darauf zurück.</p><p>
</p><pre class="programlisting">
linux:/home/fr/rpm2deb# alien pilot-address-0.3.0-1.i386.rpm
-- Examining pilot-address-0.3.0-1.i386.rpm
-- Unpacking pilot-address-0.3.0-1.i386.rpm
2813 blocks
----
-- Automatic package debianization
-- Building the package pilot-address_0.3.0-2_i386.deb
dh_testdir
# Nothing to do.
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
dh_installdirs
cp -a `ls |grep -v debian` debian/tmp
dh_installdocs
dh_installexamples
dh_installmenu
dh_installcron
dh_installchangelogs
dh_compress
dh_suidregister
dh_installdeb
dh_shlibdeps
dh_gencontrol
dh_makeshlibs
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
dpkg-deb: building package `pilot-address' in
`../pilot-address_0.3.0-2_i386.deb'.
Generation of pilot-address_0.3.0-2_i386.deb complete.
-- Successfully finished
linux:/home/fr/rpm2deb# ls -l
total 860
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 437258 Feb 2 16:22 pilot-address-0.3.0-1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 435982 Feb 2 16:23 pilot-address_0.3.0-2_i386.deb
</pre><p> Sie können beispielsweise ein <a id="id546797" class="indexterm"></a>RedHat/Fedora-Paket mit dem Kommando <code class="filename">alien paket.rpm</code> konvertieren; Sie erhalten dann ein
Debian Paket mit der Endung <code class="filename">.deb</code>. In diesem Beispiel würde die Datei also <code class="filename">paket.deb</code> heißen. Sie können dieses dann wie üblich
mit <code class="filename">dpkg -i paket.deb</code> installieren.</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pakumst.html">Zurück</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="paketmanagement.html">Nach oben</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="debian-pakete-manuell-entpacken.html">Weiter</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">4.70 Paketmanagement für Umsteiger </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Zum Anfang</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 4.72 Manuelles Entpacken von Debian Paketen</td></tr></table></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="copyright">©
1999-2008 Frank Ronneburg - Dieser Inhalt ist unter einem Creative Commons
Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitung Lizenzvertrag lizenziert (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/legalcode">creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/legalcode</a>).</p><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" id="footer"><table border="0"><tr><form action="http://www.debiananwenderhandbuch.de/search.php" method="post"><td>
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