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dar 2.4.5.debian.1-1
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  <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="content-type"><title>DAR - Frequently Asked Questions</title></head><body style="background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); color: rgb(0, 0, 170);" alink="#ff0000" link="#0000ff" vlink="#000055">
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      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 161px;"><a href="index.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 160px; height: 120px;" alt="Dar Documentation" src="dar_s_doc.jpg"></a><br>
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      <h1 style="text-align: center;"><br>
      </h1>
      <h1 style="text-align: center;">DAR's - Frequently Asked Questions</h1>
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      <div style="text-align: left;">
      <h2 style="text-decoration: underline;">Questions:</h2>
      <a href="#A1"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">I
restore/save all files but dar reported some files have been ignored,
what are those ignored files?</span></a><br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A2">Dar
hangs when using it with pipes, why?</a><br>
      </span> <a href="#A3"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why, when I restore 1
file, dar report 3 files have been restored?</span></a><br>
      <a style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;" href="#libattr">While
compiling dar I get the following message : " g++: /lib/libattr.a: No
such file or directory", what can I do?</a><br>
      <a href="#A4"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">I
cannot find the binary package for my distro, where to look for?</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><br>
      </span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A6">Can I
use different filters between a full backup and a
differential backup? Would not dar consider some file not included in
the filter to be deleted?</a><br>
      </span> <a href="#A7"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Once in action dar
makes all the system slower and slower, then it stops with the message
"killed"! How to overcome this problem?</span></a><br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A8">I
have a backup I want to change the size of slices?</a><br>
      </span> <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A9">I have
a backup in one slice, how can I split it in several
slices?</a><br>
      </span> <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A10">I
have a backup in several slice, how can I stick all them
in a single file?</a><br>
      </span> <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A11">I
have a backup, how can I change its encryption scheme?</a><br>
      </span> <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#A12">I
have a backup, how can I change its compression
algorithm?</a><br>
      </span><a href="#A13"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Which
options can I use with which options?</span></span></a><br>
      <a style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;" href="#A14">Why
dar reports corruption for the archive I have transfered with FTP?</a><br>
      <a href="#UIDGID"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why DAR does save
UID/GID
instead of plain usernames and usergroups?</span></a><br>
      <a style="font-style: italic;" href="#Dar_Manager_encrypted"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dar_Manager does not accept
encrypted archives, how to workaround this?</span></a><br>
      <a href="#staticOSX"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">How to overcome the lack of static linking on MacOS X?</span></a><a href="#A13">
<span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"></span></a><span style="font-style: italic;"><br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      </span><a href="#single_slice"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why cannot I test, extract file, list the contents of a given slice from an archive?</span></a><br>
      <a href="#merge_two_isolated"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why cannot I merge two isolated catalogues?</span></a><br>
      <a href="#A13"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></a><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="#parallel">Why cannot dar use the full power of my multi-processor computer?</a><br>
      <a href="#threadsafe">Is libdar thread-safe, which way do you mean it is?</a><br>
      <a style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" href="#How_to_solve_configure:_error:_Cannot">How to solve "configure: error: Cannot find size_t type"?</a><br>
</span><a href="#slow"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why dar became much slower since release 2.4.0 ?</span></a><br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" href="#search_for_questions">
How to search for questions (and their answers) about <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">known</span> problems similar to mines?</a><br>
      <a style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;" href="#open_failed_excluded">Why dar tells me that he failed to open a directory, while I have excluded this directory?</a><br>
      </span><a style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" href="#security">Dar reports a "SECURITY WARNING! SUSPICIOUS FILE" what does that mean!? </a><br>
      <a href="#copy"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Can dar help copy a large directory tree?</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
     </span></span></a><br>
<span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      
      </span>
      <h2><span style="font-weight: bold;">
      </span></h2><br>
      <h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Answers:</span></h2>


      <h1><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      </span></h1><h2> </h2>

      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a name="A1" id="A1"></a>
I restore/save all files but dar reported some files have
been ignored, what are those ignored files?</span> </span></span></div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"> When
restoring/saving, all
files are
considered by default. But if you specify some files to restore or
save, all other files are "ignored", this is the case when using -P -X
-I or -g.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A2" id="A2"></a>Dar hangs when using it with pipes, why?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Dar
can
produce archive on its
standard output, if you give '-' as
basename. But it cannot read an archive from its standard input in
direct access mode. To
feed an archive to dar through pipes, you need dar_slave and two pipes
or use the sequential mode (--sequential-mode option, which is very
slow compared to the default direct access mode).
To use dar with dar_slave over pipes in direct access mode (which is the&nbsp; more efficient way to proceed), see the <a href="usage_notes.html#dar_remote">detailed notes</a> or more precisely <a href="usage_notes.html#netcat_ssh">dar and ssh note</a>.<br>
      </div>
      <br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A3" id="A3"></a>Why, when I restore 1 file, dar report 3 files have been
restored?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">if
you
restore for example the
file usr/bin/emacs dar will first
restore usr (if the directory already exists, it will get its date and
ownership restored, all existing files will be preserved), then
/usr/bin will be restored, and last usr/bin/emacs will be restored.
Thus 3 inodes have been
restored or modified while only one file has been asked for restoration.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="libattr"></a>While compiling dar I get the following message : "
g++: /lib/libattr.a: No such file or directory", what can I do?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The problem comes from an
incoherence in your distro (Redhat and Slackware seem(ed) concerned at
least): Dar (Libtool) finds
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/3.3.3/../../../libattr.la&nbsp; file
to link with. This file defines where is located libattr static and
dynamic libraries but in this file both static and dynamic libraries
are expected to be found under /lib. While the dynamic libattr is
there,&nbsp; the static version has been moved to /usr/lib. A
workaround is to make a symbolic link:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 80px;"><code>ln -s /usr/lib/libattr.a
/lib/libattr.a</code><br>
      </div>
      </div>
      <br>
<br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A4" id="A4"></a>I cannot find the binary package for my distro, where to
look for?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">For any
binary package, ask
your distro maintainer to include dar (if
not already done), and check on the web site of your preferred distro
for a dar package<br>
      </div>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"></span><br>
      <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a name="A6" id="A6"></a>Can I use different filters between a full backup and a
differential backup? Would not dar consider some file not included in
the filter to be deleted?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Yes, you
can. No, there is no
risk to have dar deleting the files that
were not selected for the differential backup. Here is the way dar
works:<br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">During a
backup process, when a
file is ignored due to filter
exclusion, an "ignored" entry is added to the catalogue. At the
end of the backup, dar compares both catalogues, the one of reference
and the new one built during the backup process, and adds a "detruit"
(destroyed in English) entry, when an entry of the reference is not
present in the new catalogue. Thus, if an "ignored" is present no
"detruit" will be added for that name. Then all "ignored" entries are
removed and the catalogue is dumped in the archive.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <a name="A7" id="A7"></a><br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Once in
action dar
makes all the system slower and slower, then it stops with the message
"killed"! How to overcome this problem?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Dar needs
virtual memory to
work. Virtual memory is the RAM + SWAP
space. Dar memory requirement grows with the amount of file saved, not
with the amount of data saved. If you have a few huge files you will
have little chance to see any memory limitation problem. At the
opposite, saving a plethora of files (either big or small), will make
dar request a lot of virtual memory. Dar needs this memory to build the
catalogue (the contents) of the archive it creates. Same thing, for
differential backup, except it also needs to load in memory the
catalogue of the archive of reference, which most of the time will make
dar using twice more memory when doing a differential backup than a
full backup.<br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Anyway, the
solution is:<br>
      </div>
      <ol style="text-align: justify;">
        <li>Read the <a href="Limitations.html">limitatons file</a> to understand the problem and
be
aware of the limitations you will bring at step 3, bellow.</li>
        <li>If you can, add swap space to your system (under Linux, you
can
either add a swap partition or a swap file, which is less constraining
but also a bit less efficient). Bob Barry provided a script that can
give you a raw estimation of the required virtual memory
(<a href="samples/index.html">doc/samples/dar_rqck.bash</a>).</li>
        <li>If this is not enough, or if you don't want/can add swap
space,
recompile dar giving --enable-mode=64 argument to the configure script.</li>
        <li>If this not enough, and you have some money, you can add
some RAM
on you system</li>
        <li>If all that fails, ask for support on the <a href="https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/dar-support">dar-support
mailing-list</a>.</li>
      </ol>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">There is
still a workaround
which is to make several smaller archives
of the files to backup. For example, make a backup for all in
/usr/local another for all in /var and so on. These backup can be full
or differential. The drawback is not big as you can store these
archive side by side and use them at will. Moreover, you can feed a
unique dar_manager database with all these different archives. This
which will hide you the fact that there are several full archives and
several differential archives concerning different set of files.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A8" id="A8"></a>I have a backup I want to change the size of slices?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">dar_xform is your friend!<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar_xform -s &lt;size&gt;
original_archive new_archive</code><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">dar_xform
will create a new
archive with the slices of the requested
size, (you can also make use of -S option for the first slice). Note
that you don't need to decrypt the archive, not dar will uncompress it,
this is thus a very fast processing. See <a href="man/index.html">dar_xform man page for more</a>.<br>
      </div>
      <br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A9" id="A9"></a>I have a backup in one slice, how can I split it in
several slices?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">dar_xform is your friend!<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar_xform -s &lt;size&gt;
original_archive new_archive</code><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br>
see above for more.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A10" id="A10"></a>I have a backup in several slice, how can I stick all
them in a single file?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">dar_xform is your friend!<br>
      <br>
      <code>dar_xform original_archive new_archive</code><br>
      <br>
dar_xform without -s option creates a single sliced archive. See
dar_xform man page for more.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A11" id="A11"></a>I have a backup, how can I change its encryption scheme?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">The merging
feature let you do
that. The merging has two roles, putting
in one archive the contents of two archives, and at the same time
filtering file contents to not copy certain files in the resulting
archive. The merging feature can take two but also only one archive as
input, so we will use it in that special way here:<br>
      </div>
      <ul style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">
        <li>a single input (our original archive)</li>
        <li>no file filtering (so we keep all the files)</li>
        <li>Keep files compressed (no decompression/re compression) to
speed
up the process<br>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive -K "&lt;new_algo&gt;:new pass" -ak</code><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"><br>
If the original archive was not in clear you need to add the -J option to
provide the encryption key, and if you don't want to have password in
clear on the command line (command that can be seen with <span style="font-style: italic;">top</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ps</span> by other users), simply provide
"&lt;algo&gt;:" then dar will ask you on the fly the password, if using
blowfish you can then just provide <code>":"</code> for the keys:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive -K ":" -J ":" -ak<br>
      <br>
      </code> </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Note that
you can also change
slicing of the archive at the same time
thanks to -s and -S options:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive -K ":" -J ":" -ak -s 1G</code><br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A12" id="A12"></a>I have a backup, how can I change its compression
algorithm?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Same thing
as above : we will
use the merging feature :<br>
      <br>
to use bzip2 compression:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive -zbzip2</code><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"><br>
to use gzip compression<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive -zgzip<br>
      <br>
</code></div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">
to use lzo compression<br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;">
      <br>


       <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive -zlzo</code><br>
      <code>
      <br>
      </code> </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">to use no
compression at all:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"> <code>dar
-+ new_archive -A
original_archive</code><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"><br>
Note that you can also change encryption scheme and slicing at the same
time you change compression:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      <div style="text-align: justify;">
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>dar -+ new_archive -A
original_archive -zbzip2 -K ":" -J ":" -s 1G</code><br>
      </div>
      <code></code></div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="A13"></a>Which
options can I use with which options?</span><br>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">DAR provides
seven commands:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <dl style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">
        <dd>-c&nbsp;&nbsp; to create a new archive</dd>
        <dd> -x&nbsp;&nbsp; to extract files from a given archive</dd>
        <dd>-l&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to list the contents of a given archive</dd>
        <dd>-d&nbsp;&nbsp; to compare the contents of an archive with
filesystem</dd>
        <dd> -t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to test the coherence of a given
archive</dd>
        <dd>-C&nbsp; to isolate an archive (extract its contents to a
usually
small file)</dd>
        <dd>-+&nbsp;&nbsp; to merge two archives in one or create a sub
archive from one or two other archives<br>
          <br>
Follow for each command the available options (those marked OK):<br>
        </dd>
      </dl>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table style="width: 80%; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td style="width: 10%; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">short option<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%;">long&nbsp; option<br>
      </td>
<td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-c<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-x<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-l<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-d<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-t<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-C<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 10%; font-weight: bold;">-+<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="width: 13%; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">-v<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--verbose<br>
      </td>
<td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="height: 12%; width: 12%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-vs<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--verbose=s<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-b<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--beep<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-n<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--no-overwrite<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-w<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--no-warn<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-wa<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--no-warn=all<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-A<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--ref<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-R<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--fs-root<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-X<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--exclude<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-I<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--include<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-P<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--prune<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-g<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--go-into<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-]<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--exclude-from-file<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-[<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--include-from-file<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK<br>
</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-u<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--exclude-ea<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-U<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--include-ea<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-i<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--input<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-o<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--output<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-O<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--comparison-field<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-H<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--hour<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-E<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--execute<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-F<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--ref-execute<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-K<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--key<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-J<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--ref-key<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-#<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--crypto-block<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-*<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--ref-crypto-block<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-B<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--batch<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-N<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--noconf<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-e<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--empty<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-aSI<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=SI<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-abinary<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=binary<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Q<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-aa<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=atime<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ac<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=ctime<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-am<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=mask<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-an<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=no-case<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-acase<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=case<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ar<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=regex<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ag<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=glob<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
<tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-j<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--jog<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-z<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--compression<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-y<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--bzip2<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">deprecated</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">deprecated</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">deprecated</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-s<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--slice<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-S<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--first-slice<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-p<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--pause<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-@<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--aux<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-$<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--aux-key<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-~<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--aux-execute<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-%<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--aux-crypto-block<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-D<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--empty-dir<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Z<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--exclude-compression<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Y<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--include-compression<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-m<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--mincompr<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ak<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=keep-compressed<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-af<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=fixed-date<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
<tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--nodump<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-M<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--no-mount-points<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-,<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--cache-directory-tagging<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-k<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--deleted<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-r<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--recent<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-f<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--flat<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ae<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=erase_ea<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-T<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--list-format<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-as<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=saved<br>
      </td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">OK</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
      <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">--</td>
    </tr><tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ad<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=decremental<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr><tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-q<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--quiet<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-/<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--overwriting-policy<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr><tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-&lt;<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--backup-hook-include<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-&gt;<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--backup-hook-exclude<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-=<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--backup-hook-execute<br>
      </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--</td>
    </tr><tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ai<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=ignore-unknown-inode-type<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-at<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=tape-marks<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-0<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--sequential-read<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-;<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--min-digits<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-1<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--sparse-file-min-size<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-ah<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=hole-recheck<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-^<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--slice-mode<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-_<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--retry-on-change<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-asecu<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=secu<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-.<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--user-comment<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-3<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--hash<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-2<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--dirty-behavior<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-al<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=lax<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">-alist-ea<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top;">--alter=list-ea<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">OK<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
      <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">--<br>
      </td>
    </tr>


  </tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<table style="width: 90%; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td> <a name="A14"></a><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why dar reports
corruption of the archive I have
transfered with FTP?</span>
      <p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">Dar archive
are binary files,
they must be transfered in
binary mode
when using FTP. This is done in the following way for the ftp
command-line client :</p>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
      <p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 80px;"><code>ftp
&lt;somewhere&gt;<br>
&lt;login&gt;<br>
&lt;password&gt;<br><span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">
bin</span><br>
put &lt;file&gt;<br>
get &lt;file&gt;<br>
bye</code></p>
      <div style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
      <p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;">If you
transfer an archive (or
any other binary file) in ascii mode (the opposite of binary mode), the
8th bit of each byte will be lost and the archive will become
impossible to recover (due to the destruction of this information). Be
very careful to test your archive after transferring back to you host
to be sure you can delete the original file.</p>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="width: 90%; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why DAR does save <a name="UIDGID"></a>UID/GID
instead of plain usernames and usergroups?</span>
      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">In
each file property is
not present the name of the owner nor the name of the group owner, but
instead are present two numbers, the user ID and the group ID (UID
&amp; GID in short). In the /etc/password file these numbers are
associated to names and other properties, like the login shell, the
home
directory, the password (see also /etc/shadow).
Thus, when you do a directory list (with the 'ls' command for example
or with any GUI program for another example), the listing application
used
does open each directory, there it finds a list of name and a inode
number associated, then the listing program fetchs the inode attributes
for each file and looks among other information for the UID and the
GID. To be able
to display the real user name and group name, the listing application
use a well-defined standard C library call that will do the lookup in
/etc/password, eventually NIS system if configured and any other
additional
system, [this way applications have not to bother with the many system
configuration possible, the same API interface is used whatever is the
system], then lookup returns the name if it exist and the listing
application display for each
file found in a directory the attributes and the user name and group
name as returned by the system.<br>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">As you can see, the user name and
group name are not part of any file attribute, but UID and GID *are*
instead. Dar is a backup tool mainly, it does preserve at much as
possible the files property to be able to restore them as close as
possible
to their original state. Thus a file saved with UID=3 will be restored
with UID=3. The name corresponding the UID 3 may exist or not,&nbsp;
may exist and be the same or may exist and be different, the file will
be anyway restored in UID 3.<br>
      </p>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scenario with dar's way
of restoring</span><br>
      </div>
      <p style="margin-left: 80px;">Thus, when doing backup and
restoration of a crashed system you can be confident, the restoration
will not interfere with the bootable system you have used to launch dar
to restore your disk. Assuming you have UID 1 labeled <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin'</span> in your
real crashed system, but this UID 1 is labeled <span style="font-style: italic;">'admin'</span> in the boot
system, while UID 2 is labeled <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin'</span>
in this boot system, files owned
by <span style="font-style: italic;">bin</span> in the system to
restore will be restored under UID 1, not UID 2
which is used by the temporary boot system. At that time after
restoration still running the from the boot system, if you do a 'ls'
you will see that the original files
owned by <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin'</span> are now owned
by user <span style="font-style: italic;">'admin'.</span> <br>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 80px;">This is really a mirage: in your
restoration you will also restore the <span style="font-style: italic;">/etc/password</span>
file and other
system configuration files (like NIS configuration files if they have
been used),
then at reboot time on the newly restored real system, the UID 1 will
be backed associated to user <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin'</span>
as expected and files originally owned by user <span style="font-style: italic;">bin</span> will now been listed as owned
by <span style="font-style: italic;">bin</span> as expected.<br>
      </p>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scenario with plain name way of
restoring</span></div>
      <p style="margin-left: 80px;">If dar had done else, restoring
the files owned by <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin'</span> to
the UID corresponding to <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin',</span>
these
files would have been given UID 2 (the one used by the temporary
bootable system used to launch dar). But once the real restored system
would
have been launched, this UID 2 would have become some other user and
not <span style="font-style: italic;">'bin'</span> which is mapped to
UID 1 in the restored <span style="font-style: italic;">/etc/password.</span><br>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Now, if you want to change some
UID/GID when moving a set of
files from
one live system to another system, there is no problem if you are <span style="font-weight: bold;">not</span>
restoring dar under the <span style="font-style: italic;">'root'</span>
account. Other account than <span style="font-style: italic;">'root'</span>
are
usually not allowed to modify UID/GID, thus restored files by dar will
have group and user ownership of the dar process, which is the one that
has launched dar.<br>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-left: 40px;">But if you really need to move a
directory tree containing a set of files with different ownership and
you want to preserve these different ownership from one live system to
another, while the corresponding UID/GID do not match between the two
system, dar can still help you:<br>
      </p>
      <ul style="margin-left: 40px;">
        <li>Save your directory tree on the source live system</li>
        <li>From the root account in the destination live system do the
following:</li>
        <li>restore the archive in a empty directory</li>
        <li>change the UID of files according to the one used by the
destination filesystem with the command:</li>
      </ul>
      <div style="margin-left: 120px;">find /path/to/restored/archive
-uid &lt;old UID&gt;&nbsp; -print -exec chown &lt;new name&gt; {} \;<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 120px;">find /path/to/restored/archive
-gid &lt;old GID&gt; -print -exec chgrp &lt;new name&gt; {} \;<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The first command will let you
remap an UID to another for all files
under the /path/to/restored/archive directory<br>
The second command will let you remap a GID to another for all files
under the /path/to/restored/archive directory<br>
      <br>
      <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Example on how to
globally modify ownership of a directory tree user by user</span><br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 80px;">For example, you have on the <span style="font-weight: bold;">source</span> system three users: Pierre
(UID
100), Paul (UID 101), Jacques (UID 102)<br>
but on the <span style="font-weight: bold;">destination</span> system,
these same users are mapped to
different UID: Pierre has UID 101, Paul has UID 102 and Jacques has UID
100.<br>
      <br>
We temporary need an unused UID on the destination system, we will
assume UID 680 is not used. Then after the archive restoration in the
directory /tmp/A we will do the following:<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 120px;">find /tmp/A -uid 100 -print
-exec
chown 680 {} \;<br>
find /tmp/A -uid 101 -print -exec chown pierre {} \;<br>
find /tmp/A -uid 102 -print -exec chown paul {} \;<br>
find /tmp/A -uid 680 -print -exec chown jacques&nbsp; {} \;<br>
      <br>
which is:<br>
change files of UID 100 to UID 680 (the files of Jacques are now under
the temporary UID 680 and UID 100 is now freed)<br>
change files of UID 101 to UID 100 (the files of Pierre get their UID
of the destination live system, UID 101 is now freed)<br>
change files of UID 102 to UID 101 (the files of Paul get their UID of
the destination live system, UID 102 is now freed)<br>
change files of UID 680 to UID 102 (the files of Jacques which had been
temporarily moved to UID 680 are now set to their UID on the
destination live system, UID 680 is no more used).<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">You can then move the modified
files to appropriated destination or
make a new dar archive to be restored in appropriated place if you want
to use some of dar's feature like for example only restore files that
are more recent than those present on filesystem.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      </div>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="Dar_Manager_encrypted"></a>Dar_Manager
does not accept
encrypted archives, how to workaround this?</span><br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Yes,
that's true, dar_manager
does not accept encrypted archives. The
first reason is that while dar_manager database cannot be encrypted
this is not very fair to add to them encrypted archives. The second
reason
is because the dar_manager database should hold the key for each
encrypted archive making this archive the weakest point in your data
security: Breaking the database encryption would then provide
access to any encryption key, and with original archive access it would
bring access to data of any of the archive added to the database.<br>
      <br>
OK, there is however a feature in the pipe to provide to dar_manager
the support to encrypt its archives, then next another feature to
provide dar_manager the possibility to store the different archive
keys, then is needed another feature to have key being passed from
dar_manager to dar out of command-line (which would expose the keys to
the sight of other users on your multi-user system), then yet another
feature to be able to feed the database with the archive keys also
without using the command-line. ... well there is a lot of feature to
add and test before you can expect finding it in a released version of
dar.<br>
      <br>
In the meanwhile, you can proceed as follows:<br>
      </div>
      <ul style="margin-left: 40px;">
        <li>isolate your encrypted archive to unencrypted 'extracted
catalogue': Do not use the -K option while isolating, you will however
need to use the -J option to let dar able to read the encrypted
archive. Note that still for key protection, you are encouraged to use
a DCF (Dar Command File, which&nbsp; is a plain file with a list of
options to be passed to dar) file with restricted permissions and
containing the '-J &lt;key&gt;' option to be passed for dar. The dar's
-B option would then receive this filename. this will avoid other users
of your system to have a chance to read the key you have used for your
archives,<br>
        </li>
        <li>add these extracted catalogue to the dar_manager database
of your choice,</li>
        <li>change the name and path of the added catalogue to point to
your real encrypted archives (-b and -p options of dar_manager).</li>
      </ul>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Note that the database is not
encrypted this will expose the archive
file listing (not the file's contents) of your encrypted archives to
anyone able to read the database, thus it is recommended to set
restrictive permission to this database file.<br>
      <br>
When will come the time to use dar_manager to restore some file, you
will have to make dar_manager pass the key to dar for it be able to
restore the needed files from the archive. This can be done in several
ways: dar_manager's command-line, dar_manager database or dar.dcf file.
      <br>
      </div>
      <ol style="margin-left: 40px;">
        <li>dar_manager's command-line: simply pass the -e "-K
&lt;key&gt;" to dar_manager . Note that this will expose the key twice:
on dar_manager's command-line and on dar's command-line.<br>
        </li>
        <li>dar_manager database: the database can store some constant
command to be passed to dar. This is done using the -o option, or the
-i option. The -o option exposes the arguments you want to be passed to
dar because they are on dar_manager command-line. While the -i option,
let you do the same thing but in an interactive manner, this is a
better choice. However, if -i option it is a safe way to feed the
dar_manager database with the '-K &lt;key&gt;' option to be passed to
dar, this option will be received by dar on command-line. Thus still
the key will be visible by other users on your same system.</li>
        <li>A better way is to use a DCF file with restrictive
permission. This one will receive the '-K &lt;key&gt;' option for dar
to be able to read the encrypted archives. And dar_manager will ask dar
to read this file thanks to the '-B &lt;filename&gt;' option you will
have give either on dar_manager's command-line (-e -B &lt;filename&gt;
...) or from the stored option in the database (-o -B &lt;filename&gt;).</li>
        <li>The best way is let dar_manager pass the -K option to dar,
but without password : simply passing the -e "-K :" option to
dar_manager. When dar will get the -K option with the ":" argument, it
will dynamically ask for the password and store it in secured memory.<br>
        </li>

      </ol>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">note that you must prevent other
users reading any file holding the
archive key, this covers the dar_manager database as well as the DCF
files you could temporarily use. Second note, in this workaround
approach we have assumed that all encrypted archive do share the same
key.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">How to <a name="staticOSX"></a>overcome the lack of static linking on MacOS X?</span><br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The answer comes from Dave
Vasilevsky in an email to the dar-support
mailing-list. I let him explain how to do:<br style="font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-style: italic;">
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 80px;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Pure-static
executables aren't used on OS X.
However, Mac OS X does have other ways to build portable binaries.
HOWTO build portable binaries on OS X?</span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">First, you have to make sure
that dar only uses operating-system
libraries that exist on the oldest version of OS X that you care about.
      </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">You do this by specifying one
of Apple's SDKs, for example: </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-style: italic;">
      </div>
      <div style="font-style: italic; margin-left: 120px;">export
CPPFLAGS="-isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.2.8.sdk" <br>
export LDFLAGS="-Wl,-syslibroot,/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.2.8.sdk" <br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">Second, you have to make sure
that any non-system libraries that dar
links to are linked in statically. To do this edit
dar/src/dar_suite/Makefile, changing LDADD to
'..</span><i style="font-style: italic;" class="moz-txt-slash"><span class="moz-txt-tag">/</span>libdar<span class="moz-txt-tag">/</span></i><span style="font-style: italic;">.libs/libdar.a'. If any other non-system
libs are used (such
as gettext), change the makefiles so they are also linked in
statically.
Apple should really give us a way to force the linker to do this
automatically! </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">Some caveats: </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">* If you build for 10.3 or
lower, you will not get EA support, and
therefore you will not be able to save special Mac information like </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">resource forks. </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">* To work on both ppc and x86
Macs, you need to build a universal
binary. For instructions, use Google </span>:-)<span style="font-style: italic;"> </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">* To make a 10.2-compatible
binary, you must build with GCC 3.3. </span><br style="font-style: italic;">
      <span style="font-style: italic;">* These instructions won't work
for the 10.1 SDK, that one is harder to
use. </span><br>
      <span style="font-style: italic;"></span></div>
      <span style="font-style: italic;"> <br>
      <a name="single_slice"></a><br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
      </span></div>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why cannot I
test, extract file, list the contents of a given slice from an archive?</span><br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Well
this is due to dar's design. Since release 2.4.0 two feature can help
you be close to that point, namely --sequential-reading which asks dar
to read the archive sequentially and -al option which asks dar to be
relaxed on sanity and coherence checks. You can put a single slice into
a given directory, and create as much empty files as necessary to
simulate slices of that archive which has lower numbers than the real
slice(s) that remains of a partially lost archive. Then using
sequential-reading (--sequential-read option) and laxist mode (-al
option) you will get to the
requested information:<br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">mkdir tempo</span><br style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">cd tempo</span><br style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">ln -s ../sowhere/backup.3.dar </span><br style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">touch backup.1.dar</span><br style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">touch backup.2.dar</span><br style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
      <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">dar -l backup --sequential-reading -al<br>
      <br>
</span></div></div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Note however that using the
laxist mode skips a lot a sanity checks. This method is to be used as
last ressort method upon heavy archive corruption. It is still a good
option to test your archive once on destination medium and if possible
in addition to add redundancy data using Parchive to be able to repair
an archive corrupted due to media problem.<br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      </div>

<br>
      </div>

      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="merge_two_isolated"></a>Why cannot I merge two isolated
catalogues?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br>
Since version 2.4.0, isolated catalogues can also be used to rescue an
corrupted internal catalogue of the archive it has been isolated from.
For that feature be possible, a mecanism let dar know if an given
isolated catalogue and a given archive correspond to the same contents.
Merging two isolated catalogues would break this feature as the
resulting archive would not match any real archive an could only be
used as reference for a differential backup.<br>
      <br>
      </div>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="parallel"></a>Why cannot dar use the full power of my
multi-processor computer?</span><br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Parallel computing programming is
a science by itself. For having done a specialization in that area
during my studies, I can explain briefly here the constraints. A
program can use several processor if the algorithm it uses is able to
be parallelized. Such an algorithm can either statically (at
programming time) or dynamically (at execution time) be cut in several
independent execution threads. These different execution threads must
be as much autonomous as possible between them, if you don't want to
have one thread waiting for another (which is not what we want). The
constraint is this: if you cannot have different threads with no or
very little communication and dependence then parallelization does not
worth it.<br>
      <br>
Back to dar. From a very abstracted point of view, dar works by
fetching files from the filesystem and by appending their data in a
single file (the archive). For each file, dar records in memory the
location of the data and once all files have been treated, this
location information (contained in the so called "catalogue") is added
at the end of the archive.<br>
      <br>
One could say that to parallelize file treatment, instead of proceeding
file by file, let's do all file at the same time (or rather let's say N
files at the same time). OK, but first you would have an important loss
of performance at disk level as the disk heads would spend most of the
time seeking from one of the N file's data to another of the N file's
data. The second point would be that to add a file to the archive you
must know the position of the end of the last added file, which is not
possible to know in advance because of compression and/or
encryption.&nbsp; thus a given thread would have to wait that another
has finished to be able to drop in turn the data of the file it owns...
As you can guess, parallelizing this way would bring worse performance
than the sequential algorithm.<br>
      <br>
Another possibility is to have several thread doing : <br>
      <ul>
        <li>file lookup (report which file are present on filesystem)</li>
        <li>file filtering (determine which file to save, which file to
compress, and so on)</li>
        <li>file compression</li>
        <li>file encryption</li>
      </ul>
This would be a bit better, but : File lookup is very fast and does not
consume much CPU, as well as file filtering.&nbsp; Instead, file
compression or file encryption are very CPU intensive. Thus, first, if
you only use compression OR encryption parallelizing this way will not
bring you much extra power as the encryption or the compression are not
possible to parallelize (compressing a file is done sequentially, same
thing when encrypting it). Rawly you will get the same execution time
as
the sequential execution. Second if you use no compression and no
encryption, your CPU will stay idle most of the time and the time to
execute dar will only depend on the speed of your hard disk, so you
will not get any improvement here. Last, only if you use both
encryption and compression you could gain some performance having
parallelization, but dar could only use at most two CPU! no more! And
second, the gain of time will be less than 2 (it will not be twice
faster, but much less) as for a given amount of data, compression needs
much more time to proceed than encryption. Thus the encryption thread
will most of the time wait for compressed data.<br>
      <br>
OK, you have maybe found also another possibility : having N threads
for compression and M threads for encryption. Assuming&nbsp; encryption
is faster than compression, we could choose N &gt; M.&nbsp; We could
also have a fixed value for N and a dynamic value for M depending on
how fast compression is running. Well, this would let dar be able to
compress and encrypt several files at the same time, assuming that
reading data and data writing time is negligible compared to
compression time (which must be demonstrated as several files have
potentially to be read at the same time), we could maybe have a real
performance gain. But, ... while several files can now be compressed at
the same time, only one can be written to disk at a given time. Thus,
during the time the compression of a file has started and the time it
has finished all other threads have to keep their compressed data in
memory. Then a next thread can drop its data to the archive while all
other keep compressing to memory (RAM). We will quickly lack of RAM! Or
your computer will start to swap, or you have to store the data back to
disk in a temporary file, which file will have to be read again and
wrote back to archive. So, doing so will bring huge disk performance
degradation, as disk will server for read file's data, writing its
compressed data to temporary file, reading back its compressed data,
writing its compressed data to archive.<br>
      <br>
Last, when using parallelization there is a always a cost due to
inter-process communication and concurrent I/O operations on the
hardware (here, hard disk are used at the same time to read files to
backup and to write them into the archive). This cost becomes
negligible when the number of parallel thread increase, assuming all
thread are well busy ... here there is a bottleneck, which is the
archive creation that seems to avoid a real impressive parallelization.<br>
      <br>
Conclusion, unless you can find another way to parallelize dar, it will
not bring noticeable improvement to have a parallelized version of dar.
Parallelization is strongly related to the algorithm used, some
algorithms are well adapted to this operation some others are not.<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="threadsafe"></a>Is libdar thread-safe, which way do you mean it is?<br>
      <br>
      </span>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">libdar is the part of dar's
source code that has been rewritten to be used by external programs
(like kdar). It has been modified to be used in a multi-threaded
environment, thus, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">*yes*, libdar is thread-safe</span>.
However, thread-safe does not mean that you do not have to take some
precautions in your programs while using libdar (or any other library).<br>
      <br>
Let's take an example, considering a simple library that provides two
functions that both receive the address of an integer as argument. The
first increments the given integer up to an specific user key pressed,
while the second decrements the given integer up to another user key
pressed. This library is thread-safe in the way that there is no static
variable in it nor it has any given state at a particular time. It is
just a set of two functions.<br>
      <br>
Now, your multi-threaded program is the following: at a given time you
have one thread running the first library function while another runs
the other library function. All will work fine unless you provided to
both threads the same integer. One thread would then increment it while
the other would decrement it, and you would not have the expected
behavior you could get if you were not using multi-threaded
environment. The problem would be the same if instead of using an
external library you were accessing this same integer from two
different threads at the same time.<br>
      <br>
Care must thus be taken for two different threads <span style="text-decoration: underline;">not acting on the same variables at the same time</span>.
This is however possible with the use of posix mutex, which would
define a portion of code (known as a critical section) that cannot be
entered by a thread while another one is accessing it (such a thread is
suspended until the other thread exits the critical section).<br>
      <br>
For libdar, this is the same, you must pay attention not having two or
more different threads acting on the same data. Libdar provides a set
of classes, which can be seen as a set of type (like a C struct) with
associated functions (known as methods in the object oriented world).
From these classes, your program will create objects: each object *is*
a variable. Technically, invoking a method on an object is exactly the
same as invoking a function giving it as hidden argument a pointer to
the object ; while semantically, invoking a method is a way to read or
modify this variable (= the object). Thus, if you plan to act on a
given object from several threads at the same time, you must use posix
mutex or any other mean to mutually exclude the access to this object
between all your threads, this way only one thread may read or modify
this variable (=this object) at a given time.<br>
      <br>
Note that internally libdar uses some static variables. By static
variables, I mean variable that exist even when no thread is running a
libdar function or method. These variables are enclosed in critical
sections for libdar's user may use it normally. In other words, this is
transparent to you. For example, to cancel a libdar call, the mechanism
uses an array in which the tid (thread id) by which a call is ran must
be canceled: If you wish to cancel a libdar call ran by thread 10,
another thread will add the tid 10 to this list. At regular
checkpoints, all libdar function check that this same list does not
contain the tid the call is ran from. If so, the call aborts/returns
and the thread can continue its execution out of libdar code. As you
see, several thread may read or write this array of tid at the same
time. thanks to a set of mutex this is transparent to you and for this
reason, libdar can be said to be thread-safe.<br>
      <br style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
</div><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="How_to_solve_configure:_error:_Cannot"></a>How to solve "configure: error: Cannot find size_t type"?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      <br>
This error shows when you lack support for C++ compilation. Check the
gcc compiler has been compiled with C++ support activated, or if you
are using gcc binary from a distro, double check you have installed the
C++ support for gcc.<br>
      <br>
</div><a name="slow"></a><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Why dar became much slower since release 2.4.0 ?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
      <br>
This is the drawback of new features!<br>
      <ul>

        <li>Espetially
to be able to read dar archive through pipes in
sequential mode, dar inserts so-called "escape sequence" to know
for example when a new file starts. This way dar can skip to the next
mark upon archive corruption or if the given file has not to be
restored. However, if such a sequence of byte is found into a file's
data, it must be modified not to collide with real escape sequences.
This implies to dar to inspect all data added to an archive for
such sequence of byte, instead of just copying the data to the archive
(eventually compressing and cyphering it).</li>

        <li>The other feature that brings an important overhead is the
sparse file detection mechanism. To be able to detect a hole in a file
and store it into the archive, dar needs here too, to inspect each
file's data.</li>
      </ul>
You can disable both of these features, using respectively the options <span style="font-weight: bold;">-at</span>
option, which suppress "tape marks" (just another name for escape
sequences), but does not allow the generated archive to be used in
sequential read mode, and <span style="font-weight: bold;">-1 0</span>
option, which completely disables the sparse file detection. The
execution time becomes back the same as the one of dar 2.3.x releases.<br>
<br>
      </div>

      <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a name="search_for_questions"></a>How to search for questions (and their answers) about known problems similar to mines?</span><br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br>Before
sending an email to the dar-support mailing-list, you are welcome
to first look in the already sent email if your problem has not yet
been exposed and solved. This will first for you be the fastest way to
get an answer to your problem, and for me a way to preserve time for
development.<br>
      <br>
But yes, there is now tones of emails subjects to read to have a chance
to have a chance to find the answer to your problem. The most simple
way is to use the <a href="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.sysutils.backup.dar.support">search engine at gmane</a><br>
      <br>
Dar-support&nbsp; mailing-list is archived at sourceforge *and* at <a href="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.sysutils.backup.dar.support">gmane.org</a>&nbsp; Only this second archive owns a search engine (look there for the green box at the bottom of the page).<br>
      <br>
This search engine is available for <a href="http://news.gmane.org/index.php?prefix=gmane.comp.sysutils.backup.dar">all the mailing list archived at gmane</a> used around dar.<br>
      <br>
</div><a name="open_failed_excluded"></a><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Why dar tells me that he failed to open a directory, while I have excluded this directory?</span><br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Reading the contents of a
directory is done using the usual system call
(opendir/readdir/closedir). The first call (opendir) let dar design
which directory to inspect, the dar call readdir to get the next entry
in the opened directory. Once nothing has to be read, closedir is
called. The problem here is that dar cannot start reading a directory
do some treatment and start reading another directory. In brief, the
opendir/readdir/closedir system call are not re-entrant. <br>
      <br>
This is in particular critical for dar as it does a depth lookup in the
directory tree. In other words, from the root if we have two
directories A and B, dar reads A's contents, the contents of its
subdirectories, then once finished, it read the next entry of the root
directory (which is B), then read the contents of B and then of each of
its subdirectories, then once finished for B, it must go back to the
root again, and read the next entry. In the meanwhile dar had to open
many directories to get their contents.<br>
      <br>
For this reason dar caches the directory contents (when it first meet a
directory, it read its whole content and stores it in the RAM). This is
only after, that dar decide whether to include or not a given
directory. But at this point then, its contents has already been read
thus you may get the message that dar failed to read a given directory
contents, while you explicitly specify not to include that particular
directory in the backup.<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <a name="security"></a><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Dar reports a "SECURITY WARNING! SUSPICIOUS FILE" what does that mean!? </span><br>
<br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">
When dar reports the following message: <br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>SECURITY WARNING!
SUSPICIOUS FILE &lt;filepath&gt;: ctime changed since archive of
reference was done, while no inode or data changed</code><br>
      </div>
      <br>
You should be concerned by finding an explanation to the root cause
that triggered dar to ring this alarm. As you probably know, a unix
file has three dates:<br>
      <ol>
        <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">atime</span> is changed anytime you read the file's contents or write to it (this is the last <span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">a</span>ccess time)<br>
        </li>
        <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">mtime</span> is changed anytime you write to the file's data (this is the last<span style="font-weight: bold;"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">m</span></span>odification time)<br>
        </li>
        <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">ctime</span> is changed anythime ou modify the file's attributs (the is the last <span style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;">c</span>hange time)<br>
        </li>
      </ol>
In other words:<br>
      <ul>
        <li>if you only read the data of file, only its <span style="font-weight: bold;">atime</span> will be updated</li>
        <li>if you write some data to a file, its <span style="font-weight: bold;">atime</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">mtime</span> will change, ctime will stay unchanged</li>
        <li>if you change ownership, permission, extended attributes, etc, only <span style="font-weight: bold;">ctime</span> will change</li>
        <li>if you write to a file and modify its atime or mtime to let think the file has not been read or modified, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ctime</span> will change in nay case.<br>
</li>
      </ul>
Yes, the point is that in most (if not all) unix systems, over the kernel itself, user program
can also manually set the atime and mtime manually to any arbitrary value
(see the "touch" command for example), but to my knowledge, no system
provides a mean to manually set the ctime of a file. This value cannot
thus be faked. <br>
      <br>
However, some rootkits and other nasty programs that tend to hide
themselves from the system administrator use this trick and modify the
mtime to become more difficult to detect. However the ctime keeps track
of the date and time of their infamy. However, ctime may also change
while neither mtime nor atime do, in several almost rare but normal situations.
Thus, if you are faced to this message, you should first verify the
following points before thinking your system has been infected by a
rootkit:<br>
      <ul>
        <li>have you added or removed a hardlink pointing to that file and this file's data has not been modified since last backup?</li>
        <li>have
you changed this file's extended attributs (including Linux ACL and
MacOS file forks) while file's data has not been modified since last
backup?<br>
        </li>
        <li>have you recently restored your data and are now performing
a differential backup taking as reference the archive used to restore
that same data? Or in other words, does that particular file has just
been restored from a backup (was removed by accident for example)?<br>
        </li>
        <li>have you just moved from a dar version older than release 2.4.0 to dar version 2.4.0 or more recent?<br>
        </li>
      </ul>
How to know atime/mtime/ctime of a file?<br>
      <ul>
        <li>mtime is provided by the command: <code>ls -l</code></li>
        <li>atime is provided by the command : <code>ls -l --time=atime</code></li>
        <li>ctime is provided by the command : <code>ls -l --time=ctime</code></li>
      </ul>
      <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Note:</span>
With dar
version older than 2.4.0 (by default, unless -aa option is use) once a
file has been read for backup, dar set back the atime to the value it
had before dar read it. This trick was used to accomodate some programs
like leafnode (NNTP caching program) that base their cache purging
scheme on the atime of files. When you do a backup using dar 2.3.11 for
example, file that had their mtime modified are saved as expected and
their atime is set back to their original values (value they had just
before dar read them), which has the slide effect to modify the ctime.
If then you upgrade to dar 2.4.0 or more recent and do a differential
backup, if that same file has not been modified since, dar will see
that the ctime has changed while no other metadata did (user,
ownership, group, mtime), thus this alarm message will show for all
saved files in the last 2.3.11 archive made. The next differential
backup made using dar 2.4.0 (or more recent), the problem will not show
anymore.<br>
      <br>
Well, if you cannot find an valid explanation from the one presented
above, you'd better consider that your system has been infected by a
rootkit or virus and use all the necessary tools (see below for
examples) to find some evidence of it.<br>
      <br>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><a href="http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net/">Rootkit Hunter</a><br>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><a href="http://www.unhide-forensics.info/">Unhide</a><br>
      <a href="http://www.clamav.net/lang/en/">clam anti-virus</a><br>
and others...<br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <br><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><a name="copy"></a>
      Can dar help copy a large directory tree?</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
     </span><br>
     </span><br>

The answer is "yes" and even for more than one reason:<br>
      <ol>
        <li>Many backup/copy tools do not take care of hard linked
inode (hard linked plain files, named pipes, char devices, block
devices, symlinks)... dar does,</li>
        <li>
Many backup/copy tools do not take care of sparse files... dar does,</li>
        <li>
Many backup/copy tools do not take care of Extended Attributes... dar does,</li>
        <li>
Many backup/copy tools do not take care of Posix ACL (Linux)... dar does,</li>
        <li>
Many backup/copy tools do not take care of file forks (MacOS X)... dar does,</li>
        <li>
Many backup/copy tools do not take any precautions while working on a live system... dar does.</li>
      </ol>

      
Using the following command will do the trick:<br>

      <br>

      
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>dar -c - -R &lt;srcdir&gt; -N --retry-on-change 3 | dar -x - --sequential-read -N -R &lt;dstdir&gt;</code><br>
      <code></code></div>
      <code>
      <br>
      &lt;srcdir&gt;</code> contents will be copied to <code>&lt;dstdir&gt;</code>
both must exist before running this command, and <code>&lt;dstdir&gt;</code> should
be an empty dir. <br>

      <br>

Here is an example: we will copy the content of /home/my to /home2/my:<br>

      <br>

first we create the destination directory:<br>

      
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>mkdir /home2/my<br>
      <br>
      </code></div>


      then we run dar:<br>

      
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>dar -c - -R /home/my -N --retry-on-change 3 | dar -x - --sequential-read -N -R /home2/my</code><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br>
      <span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
      </span></div>
</div>
      <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The "--retry-on-change" let dar
retry the copy of a file up to three times if that file has changed at
the time dar was reading it. You can increase this number at will. If a
file fails to be copied correctly after more than the allowed retry, a
warning is issued about that file.<br>
      <br>
"piping" ('|' shell syntax) the first dar's output to the second dar's
input makes the operation not requiering any temporary storage, only
virtual memory is used to perform this copy. Compression is thus not
requested as it would only slow down the whole process.<br>
      <br>
      <span style="text-decoration: underline;">last point,</span> you
should compare the copied data to the original one, before removing it,
as no backup file has been dropped down to filesystem. This can simply
be done using:<br>
      <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <code>diff -r &lt;srcdir&gt; &lt;dstdir&gt;</code><br>
      <br>
But, no, diff will not check extended Attributes, File Forks or Posix
ACL, hard linked inodes, etc. If you want a more controlable way of
copying a large directory, simply use dar with a real archive file,
compare the archive toward the original filesystem, restore the archive
contents to its new place, and compare the restored filesystem toward
the original archive. <br>
      <br>
Any better idea? Feel free to contact dar's author for an update of this documentation!<span style="font-family: Courier;"></span><br>
      <br>
      </div>
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