# Translation of debian-faq into French.
#
# Copyright © Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-faq package.
#
# Translators :
# Thomas Vincent <thomas@vinc-net.fr>, 2016.
# Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <mengualjeanphi@free.fr>, 2018.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: debian-faq\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-07 22:35+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-03-17 21:35+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <mengualjeanphi@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: french\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:8
msgid "Customizing your &debian; system"
msgstr "Personnaliser votre installation de &debian;"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:9
msgid "How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?"
msgstr ""
"Comment puis-je m'assurer que tous les programmes utilisent le même format "
"de papier&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:11
msgid ""
"Install the <systemitem role=\"package\">libpaper1</systemitem> package, and "
"it will ask you for a system-wide default paper size.  This setting will be "
"kept in the file <literal>/etc/papersize</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Installez le paquet <systemitem role=\"package\">libpaper1</systemitem>, il "
"vous sera demandé d'indiquer le format de papier utilisé sur le système. "
"Cette configuration sera sauvegardée dans le fichier <literal>/etc/"
"papersize</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:16
msgid ""
"Users can override the paper size setting using the <literal>PAPERSIZE</"
"literal> environment variable.  For details, see the manual page "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>papersize</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"Les utilisateurs peuvent modifier la configuration du format de papier en "
"utilisant la variable d'environnement <literal>PAPERSIZE</literal>. Pour "
"plus d'informations, reportez-vous à la page de manuel "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>papersize</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:23
msgid ""
"How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising "
"security?"
msgstr ""
"Comment autoriser l'accès aux périphériques matériels sans compromettre la "
"sécurité&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:25
msgid ""
"Many device files in the <literal>/dev</literal> directory belong to some "
"predefined groups.  For example, <literal>/dev/sr0</literal> belongs to the "
"<literal>cdrom</literal> group."
msgstr ""
"De nombreux fichiers de périphérique du répertoire <literal>/dev</literal> "
"appartiennent à des groupes prédéfinis. Par exemple, <literal>/dev/sr0</"
"literal> appartient au groupe <literal>cdrom</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:30
msgid ""
"If you want a certain user to have access to one of these devices, just add "
"the user to the group the device belongs to, i.e. do:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous souhaitez que certains utilisateurs puissent accéder à ces "
"périphériques, vous devez juste ajouter les utilisateurs dans le groupe du "
"périphérique. Faites"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "adduser user group\n"
msgstr "adduser utilisateur groupe\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:37
msgid "This way you won't have to change the file permissions on the device."
msgstr ""
"Cette méthode vous permet de ne pas changer les permissions sur le fichier "
"du périphérique."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:40
msgid ""
"If you do this from within a user's shell or a GUI environment you have to "
"logout and login again to become an effective member of that group.  To "
"check which groups you belong to run <literal>groups</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Si vous effectuez cette opération depuis l'interpréteur de commandes d'un "
"utilisateur ou en utilisant une interface graphique, vous devez vous "
"déconnecter puis vous reconnecter pour devenir effectivement un membre de ce "
"groupe. Pour vérifier à quels groupes vous appartenez, lancez la commande "
"<literal>groups</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:45
msgid ""
"Notice that, since the introduction of <literal>udev</literal> if you change "
"the permissions of a hardware peripheral, they might be adjusted for some "
"devices when the system starts; if this happens to the hardware peripherals "
"you are interested in, you will have to adjust the rules at <literal>/etc/"
"udev</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Faites attention, car depuis l'introduction de <literal>udev</literal>, si "
"vous modifiez les droits d'un périphérique, ils pourraient être modifiés au "
"lancement du système pour certains périphériques ; si cela arrive à un "
"périphérique qui vous intéresse en particulier, vous devrez modifier les "
"règles dans <literal>/etc/udev</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:53
msgid "How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?"
msgstr ""
"Comment charger une police pour la console au démarrage de Debian&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:55
msgid ""
"The <systemitem role=\"package\">kbd</systemitem> package supports this, "
"edit the <literal>/etc/kbd/config</literal> file."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet <systemitem role=\"package\">kbd</systemitem> permet cela, éditez "
"le fichier <literal>/etc/kbd/config</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:60
msgid "How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?"
msgstr "Comment configurer les paramètres par défaut des programmes X11&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:62
msgid ""
"Debian's X programs will install their application resource data in the "
"<literal>/etc/X11/app-defaults/</literal> directory.  If you want to "
"customize X applications globally, put your customizations in those files.  "
"They are marked as configuration files, so their contents will be preserved "
"during upgrades."
msgstr ""
"Les programmes X de Debian installent leurs données de configuration dans le "
"répertoire <literal>/etc/X11/app-defaults/</literal>. Si vous souhaitez "
"personnaliser globalement les applications X, mettez vos personnalisations "
"dans ces fichiers. Ils sont considérés comme fichiers de configuration, donc "
"leur contenu sera conservé pendant les mises à jour."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:70
msgid "How does a Debian system boot?"
msgstr "Comment démarre un système Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:76
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Like all Unices, Debian boots up by executing the program <literal>init</"
#| "literal>.  Like most Linux distributions, a default Debian system uses "
#| "<literal>systemd</literal> as the implementation of <literal>init</"
#| "literal>.  Traditional System-V style init and other methods are also "
#| "supported.  <footnote><p>In 2014, Debian changed its default init system "
#| "from System V init to systemd.  Debian 8 \"jessie\" in April 2015 was the "
#| "first release to ship with systemd as default init.  Four <ulink "
#| "url=\"https://www.debian.org/devel/tech-ctte#status\">decisions</ulink> "
#| "of the Debian Technical Committee were involved: <ulink url=\"https://"
#| "lists.debian.org/20140211193904.GX24404@rzlab.ucr.edu\">Bug #727708</"
#| "ulink> 2014-02-11: \"The committee decided that the default init system "
#| "for Linux architectures in jessie should be systemd.\" <ulink "
#| "url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
#| "20140801023630.GF12356@teltox.donarmstrong.com\">Bug #746715</ulink> "
#| "2014-08-01: \"The technical committee expects maintainers to continue to "
#| "support the multiple available init systems\", and merge reasonable "
#| "contributions.  <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
#| "20141116001628.GO32192@teltox.donarmstrong.com\">Bug #746578</ulink> "
#| "2014-11-15: \"The committee decided that systemd-shim should be the first "
#| "listed alternative dependency of libpam-systemd instead of systemd-sysv."
#| "\" This decision made it easier to keep running a non-systemd Debian "
#| "system.  <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
#| "21592.61064.527547.410074@chiark.greenend.org.uk\">Bug #762194</"
#| "ulink>2017-11-04: \"On automatic init system switching on upgrade\" </p></"
#| "footnote>"
msgid ""
"In 2014, Debian changed its default init system from System V init to "
"systemd.  Debian 8 \"jessie\" in April 2015 was the first release to ship "
"with systemd as default init.  Four <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/"
"devel/tech-ctte#status\">decisions</ulink> of the Debian Technical Committee "
"were involved: <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"20140211193904.GX24404@rzlab.ucr.edu\">Bug #727708</ulink> 2014-02-11: \"The "
"committee decided that the default init system for Linux architectures in "
"jessie should be systemd.\" <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"20140801023630.GF12356@teltox.donarmstrong.com\">Bug #746715</ulink> "
"2014-08-01: \"The technical committee expects maintainers to continue to "
"support the multiple available init systems\", and merge reasonable "
"contributions.  <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"20141116001628.GO32192@teltox.donarmstrong.com\">Bug #746578</ulink> "
"2014-11-15: \"The committee decided that systemd-shim should be the first "
"listed alternative dependency of libpam-systemd instead of systemd-sysv.\" "
"This decision made it easier to keep running a non-systemd Debian system.  "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"21592.61064.527547.410074@chiark.greenend.org.uk\">Bug #762194</"
"ulink>2017-11-04: \"On automatic init system switching on upgrade\""
msgstr ""
"Comme tous les Unices, Debian se lance en exécutant <literal>init</literal>. "
"Comme la plupart des distributions Linux, un système Debian par défaut "
"utilise <literal>systemd</literal> pour implémenter <literal>init</literal>. "
"La méthode d'amorçage traditionnelle basée sur System-V et d'autres sont "
"également supportées. <footnote><p>En 2014, Debian est passée du système "
"d'initialisation par défaut System V à systemd. Debian 8 \"jessie\" d'avril "
"2015 était la première version livrée avec systemd comme système "
"d'initialisation par défaut. Il aura fallu quatre <ulink url=\"https://"
"www.debian.org/devel/tech-cttestatus\">décisions</ulink> du comité "
"technique : <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"20140211193904.GX24404rzlab.ucr.edu\">bogue 727708</ulink> du 11-02-2014 : "
"« Le comité a décidé que le système d'initialisation par défaut devait être "
"systemd pour les architectures Linux de jessie. » <ulink url=\"https://"
"lists.debian.org/20140801023630.GF12356teltox.donarmstrong.com\">bogue "
"746715</ulink> du 08-01-2014 : « Le comité technique demande aux "
"responsables de continuer à supporter tous les systèmes d'initialisation "
"disponibles » et d'intégrer les contributions raisonnables. <ulink "
"url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"20141116001628.GO32192teltox.donarmstrong.com\">bogue 746578</ulink> du "
"15-11-2014 : « Le comité a décidé que systemd-shim devait être la première "
"dépendance alternative listée pour libpam-systemd, plutôt que systemd-"
"sysv. » Cette décision a facilité la vie de ceux faisant fonctionner un "
"système Debian non systemd. <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"
"21592.61064.527547.410074chiark.greenend.org.uk\">Bogue 762194</ulink> du "
"04-11-2017 : « sur le changement automatique du système d'initialisation "
"lors d'une mise à jour » </p></footnote>"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:72
msgid ""
"Like all Unices, Debian boots up by executing the program <literal>init</"
"literal>.  Like most Linux distributions, a default Debian system uses "
"<literal>systemd</literal> as the implementation of <literal>init</"
"literal>.  Traditional System-V style init and other methods are also "
"supported.  <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:98
msgid ""
"To control the order in which services are started, traditional System-V "
"style Unix systems use <emphasis>runlevels</emphasis>.  These are replaced "
"by <emphasis>targets</emphasis> under systemd.  To display the default "
"target to which systemd will bring the system, run the command"
msgstr ""
"Pour contrôler l'ordre de lancement des services, les systèmes Unix "
"utilisant la méthode traditionnelle System-V ont <emphasis>runlevels</"
"emphasis>. Ceux-ci sont remplacés par des <emphasis>targets</emphasis> sous "
"systemd. Pour afficher la cible par défaut (default targt) du système visée "
"par systemd, lancez la commande"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:104
#, no-wrap
msgid "systemctl get-default\n"
msgstr "systemctl get-default\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:107
msgid ""
"During boot-up, systemd starts the services or other targets listed in the "
"default target file <literal>/lib/systemd/system/default.target</literal>.  "
"The files for these services and targets are installed and the service is "
"<emphasis>enabled</emphasis> during Debian package installation.  If you "
"specifically wish not to start a service during boot-up, instead of removing "
"the corresponding package, you can run the command"
msgstr ""
"Lors de l'amorçage, systemd démarre les services ou les autres cibles "
"listées dans le fichier de cibles par défaut <literal>/lib/systemd/system/"
"default.target</literal>. Les fichiers de ces services et de ces cibles sont "
"installés et les services sont <emphasis>activés</emphasis> lors de "
"l'installation du paquet Debian. Si vous ne voulez pas démarrer un service "
"en particulier lors de l'amorçage, plutôt que de supprimer le paquet "
"correspondant, vous pouvez lancer la commande"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:115
#, no-wrap
msgid "systemctl disable <replaceable>service</replaceable>.service\n"
msgstr "systemctl disable <replaceable>service</replaceable>.service\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:118
msgid ""
"using the name of the service file installed in <literal>/lib/systemd/"
"system</literal> (usually based on the name of the package)."
msgstr ""
"en utilisant le nom du fichier du service installé dans <literal>/lib/"
"systemd/system</literal> (généralement basé sur le nom du paquet)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:123
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <emphasis>service file</emphasis> <literal>/lib/systemd/"
#| "rc.local.service</literal> provides an easy way to run customized scripts "
#| "in the file <literal>/etc/rc.local</literal> after boot-up, similar to "
#| "what's offered on Debian systems running System-V style init.  Beware: "
#| "this script will fail if it tries to interact with the console such as "
#| "asking for a user password or trying to clear the screen."
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>service file</emphasis> <literal>/lib/systemd/system/rc-"
"local.service</literal> provides an easy way to run customized scripts in "
"the file <literal>/etc/rc.local</literal> after boot-up, similar to what's "
"offered on Debian systems running System-V style init.  Beware: this script "
"will fail if it tries to interact with the console such as asking for a user "
"password or trying to clear the screen."
msgstr ""
"Le <emphasis>fichier du service </emphasis> <literal>/lib/systemd/"
"rc.local.service</literal> offre une manière facile de lancer des scripts "
"personnalisés dans le fichier <literal>/etc/rc.local</literal> après "
"l'amorçage, identique à ce qu'offraient les systèmes Debian avec "
"l'initialisation System-V. Attention : ce script échouera s'il essaie "
"d'interagir avc la console, par exemple en demandant un mot de passe à "
"l'utilisateur ou en vidant l'écran."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:131
msgid "You can check the status of any service by the command"
msgstr "Vous pouvez vérifier l'état d'un service avec la commande"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:134
#, no-wrap
msgid "service <replaceable>package</replaceable> status\n"
msgstr "service <replaceable>paquet</replaceable> status\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:137
msgid ".  To start or stop a service, run"
msgstr ". Pour démarrer ou arrêter un service, lancez"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "service <replaceable>package</replaceable> start\n"
msgstr "service <replaceable>paquet</replaceable> start\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:143
msgid "and"
msgstr "et"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "service <replaceable>package</replaceable> stop\n"
msgstr "service <replaceable>paquet</replaceable> stop\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:149
msgid ""
".  The <literal>service</literal> command works with any init system "
"supported on a Debian system, not just with systemd.  If you however prefer "
"to use the same command on any systemd-supported Linux system, for checking "
"the status run"
msgstr ""
". La commande <literal>service</literal> fonctionne avec n'importe quel "
"service d'initialisation supporté par un système Debian et pas seulement "
"avec systemd. Si vous préférez toutefois utiliser la même commande que sur "
"tous les systèmes Linux supportant systemd, lancez"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "systemctl status <replaceable>package</replaceable>.service\n"
msgstr "systemctl status <replaceable>paquet</replaceable>.service\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:157
msgid "to get the same information."
msgstr "pour vérifier l'état et obtenir les mêmes informations."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:160
msgid ""
"For more information on systemd for Debian, see <ulink url=\"https://"
"wiki.debian.org/systemd\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Pour plus d'informations sur systemd pour Debian, consultez <ulink "
"url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/systemd\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:164
msgid "And how about Debian and traditional System V init?"
msgstr ""
"Et qu'en est-il de Debian et de l'initialisation traditionnelle par System "
"V ?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:166
msgid ""
"Debian supports booting using traditional System V init, via the sysvinit-"
"core package.  The configuration file for System V <literal>init</literal> "
"(which is <literal>/etc/inittab</literal>) specifies that the first script "
"to be executed should be <literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>.  This script "
"runs all of the scripts in <literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal> by forking "
"subprocesses to perform initialization such as to check and to mount file "
"systems, to load modules, to start the network services, to set the clock, "
"and to perform other initialization."
msgstr ""
"Debian supporte l'amorçage par System V, via le paquet sysvinit-core. Le "
"fichier de configuration <literal>init</literal> pour System V (qui est "
"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>) précise que le premier script à exécutr "
"devrait être <literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>. Ce fichier lance tous les "
"scripts de <literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal> en forkant les sous-processus pour "
"procéder à des initialiations telles que la vérification et le montage des "
"systèmes de fichiers, le chargement de modules, le démarrage des services "
"réseax, le réglage de l'horloge, et autres."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:176
msgid ""
"After completing the boot process, <literal>init</literal> executes all "
"start scripts in a directory specified by the default runlevel (this "
"runlevel is given by the entry for <literal>id</literal> in <literal>/etc/"
"inittab</literal>).  Like most System V compatible Unices, Linux has 7 "
"runlevels:"
msgstr ""
"Après avoir fini le processus de démarrage, <literal>init</literal> exécute "
"tous les scripts de démarrage du niveau d'exécution («&nbsp;runlevel&nbsp;») "
"par défaut (ce niveau d'exécution est indiqué par le champ <literal>id</"
"literal> du fichier <literal>/etc/inittab</literal> ). Comme la plupart des "
"Unix compatibles System V, Linux a sept niveaux d'exécution&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:185
msgid "0 (halt the system),"
msgstr "0 (arrêt du système),"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:190
msgid "1 (single-user mode),"
msgstr "1 (mode mono-utilisateur ou mode maintenance),"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:195
msgid "2 through 5 (various multi-user modes), and"
msgstr "2 à 5 (différents modes multi-utilisateur) et"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:200
msgid "6 (reboot the system)."
msgstr "6 (redémarrage du système)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:205
msgid ""
"Debian systems come with id=2, which indicates that the default runlevel "
"will be '2' when the multi-user state is entered, and the scripts in "
"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal> will be run."
msgstr ""
"Les systèmes Debian sont configurés avec id=2, ce qui implique que le niveau "
"d'exécution par défaut est '2' lorsqu'on entre dans l'état multi-utilisateur "
"et ce sont les scripts de <literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal> qui seront exécutés."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:210
msgid ""
"Debian uses dependency-based boot ordering through <command>insserv</"
"command>, using the LSB headers in each script under <literal>/etc/init.d/</"
"literal>, as well as parallel concurrent booting through the use of "
"<command>startpar</command> to speed up the boot process."
msgstr ""
"Debian utilise l'ordonnancement du démarrage basé sur les dépendances avec "
"<command>insserv</command>, grâce aux en-têtes LSB de chaque script de "
"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>, comme le démarrage concurrent en parallèle "
"utilisant <command>startpar</command> pour accélérer le processus de "
"démarrage."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:216
msgid ""
"The scripts in any of the directories, <literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal> are "
"just symbolic links back to scripts in <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>.  "
"However, the <emphasis>names</emphasis> of the files in each of the "
"<literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal> directories are selected to indicate the "
"<emphasis>way</emphasis> the scripts in <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal> will "
"be run.  Specifically, before entering any runlevel, all the scripts "
"beginning with 'K' are run; these scripts kill services.  Then all the "
"scripts beginning with 'S' are run; these scripts start services.  The two-"
"digit number following the 'K' or 'S' indicates the order in which the "
"script is run.  Lower numbered scripts are executed first."
msgstr ""
"Les scripts dans tous les répertoires <literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal> sont "
"simplement des liens symboliques vers les scripts du répertoire <literal>/"
"etc/init.d/</literal>. Cependant, c'est le nom des liens dans chacun des "
"répertoires <literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal> qui indique la <emphasis>manière</"
"emphasis> dont les scripts de <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal> seront "
"exécutés. Spécifiquement, avant d'entrer dans un niveau d'exécution, tous "
"les scripts commençant par un 'K' sont lancés, ces scripts arrêtent les "
"services. Puis les scripts commençant avec 'S' sont lancés, ils démarrent "
"les services. Le nombre à deux chiffres suivant les lettres 'K' ou 'S' "
"indique l'ordre dans lequel seront exécutés les scripts. Les scripts ayant "
"les chiffres les plus petits sont exécutés en premier."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:228
msgid ""
"This approach works because the scripts in <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal> "
"all take an argument which can be either \"start\", \"stop\", \"reload\", "
"\"restart\" or \"force-reload\" and will then do the task indicated by the "
"argument.  These scripts can be used even after a system has been booted, to "
"control various processes."
msgstr ""
"Cette approche fonctionne parce que les scripts de <literal>/etc/init.d/</"
"literal> prennent tous un paramètre qui peut être «&nbsp;start&nbsp;», "
"«&nbsp;stop&nbsp;», «&nbsp;reload&nbsp;», «&nbsp;restart&nbsp;» ou "
"«&nbsp;force-reload&nbsp;» et puis exécuteront la fonction indiquée par le "
"paramètre. Ces scripts peuvent être aussi utilisés après le démarrage du "
"système, pour contrôler divers services."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:235
msgid "For example, with the argument \"reload\" the command"
msgstr "Par exemple, avec l'argument «&nbsp;reload&nbsp;» la commande"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:238
#, no-wrap
msgid "/etc/init.d/sendmail reload\n"
msgstr "/etc/init.d/sendmail reload\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:241
msgid "sends the sendmail daemon a signal to reread its configuration file."
msgstr ""
"envoie au démon sendmail un signal pour relire son fichier de configuration."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:244
msgid ""
"Note that <command>invoke-rc.d</command> should not be used to call the "
"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal> scripts, <command>service</command> should "
"be used instead."
msgstr ""
"Veuillez noter qu'<command>invoke-rc.d</command> ne devrait pas être utilisé "
"pour appeler les scripts <literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>, <command>service</"
"command> devrait être utilisé à la place."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:250
msgid "And are there yet other ways of booting a Debian system?"
msgstr "Et existe-t-il encore d'autres manières d'amorcer un système Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:252
msgid ""
"If you do like System V init, but don't like the /etc/rc?.d/* links, you "
"could install the <systemitem role=\"package\">file-rc</systemitem> "
"package.  That will convert the links into one single configuration file /"
"etc/runlevel.conf instead."
msgstr ""
"Si vous tenez à l'initialisation par System V, mis que vous n'aimez pas les "
"liens /etc/rc?.d/*, vous pouvez installer le paquet <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">file-rc</systemitem>. Il convertira les liens en un fichier "
"de configuration /etc/runlevel.conf."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:258
msgid ""
"If you like neither System V nor systemd, you might like <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">openrc</systemitem> or <systemitem role=\"package\">runit</"
"systemitem> or <systemitem role=\"package\">daemontools</systemitem>."
msgstr ""
"Si vous n'aimez ni System V ni systemd, vous pourriez aimer <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">openrc</systemitem>, <systemitem role=\"package\">runit</"
"systemitem> ou <systemitem role=\"package\">daemontools</systemitem>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:265
msgid ""
"How does the package management system deal with packages that contain "
"configuration files for other packages?"
msgstr ""
"Comment le système de gestion de paquets traite-t-il les paquets qui "
"contiennent des fichiers de configuration pour d'autres paquets&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:267
msgid ""
"Some users wish to create, for example, a new server by installing a group "
"of Debian packages and a locally generated package consisting of "
"configuration files.  This is not generally a good idea, because "
"<command>dpkg</command> will not know about those configuration files if "
"they are in a different package, and may write conflicting configurations "
"when one of the initial \"group\" of packages is upgraded."
msgstr ""
"Certains utilisateurs souhaitent créer, par exemple, un nouveau serveur en "
"installant des paquets provenant de Debian et un paquet créé localement, "
"contenant des fichiers de configuration. Ce n'est généralement pas une bonne "
"idée, parce que <command>dpkg</command> ne connaîtra pas ces fichiers de "
"configuration s'ils sont dans un paquet différent et risque de modifier les "
"fichiers de configuration quand l'un des paquets initiaux sera mis à jour."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:275
msgid ""
"Instead, create a local package that modifies the configuration files of the "
"\"group\" of Debian packages of interest.  Then <command>dpkg</command> and "
"the rest of the package management system will see that the files have been "
"modified by the local \"sysadmin\" and will not try to overwrite them when "
"those packages are upgraded."
msgstr ""
"Au lieu de cela, créez un paquet local pour modifier les fichiers de "
"configuration des paquets de Debian. Puis <command>dpkg</command> et le "
"reste du système de gestion de paquets verront que les fichiers ont été "
"modifiés par l'administrateur et n'essayeront pas de les écraser quand ces "
"paquets sont mis à jour."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:283
msgid ""
"How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version "
"can be used instead?"
msgstr ""
"Comment remplacer un fichier installé par un paquet, de sorte qu'une version "
"différente puisse être employée à la place&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:285
msgid ""
"Suppose a sysadmin or local user wishes to use a program \"login-local\" "
"rather than the program \"login\" provided by the Debian <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">login</systemitem> package."
msgstr ""
"Supposez qu'un administrateur ou un utilisateur local souhaite utiliser un "
"programme «&nbsp;login-local&nbsp;» plutôt que le programme "
"«&nbsp;login&nbsp;» fourni par le paquet Debian <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">login</systemitem>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:290
msgid "Do <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis>:"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Ne pas</emphasis>&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:295
msgid ""
"Overwrite <literal>/bin/login</literal> with <literal>login-local</literal>."
msgstr ""
"remplacer <literal>/bin/login</literal> avec <literal>login-local</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:300
msgid ""
"The package management system will not know about this change, and will "
"simply overwrite your custom <literal>/bin/login</literal> whenever "
"<literal>login</literal> (or any package that provides <literal>/bin/login</"
"literal>) is installed or updated."
msgstr ""
"Le système de gestion des paquets ne saura rien de ce changement et écrasera "
"simplement votre <literal>/bin/login</literal> personnalisé à chaque fois "
"que <literal>login</literal> (ou tout autre paquet fournissant <literal>/bin/"
"login</literal>) sera installé ou mis à jour."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:306
msgid "Rather, do"
msgstr "Faites, plutôt"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:311
msgid "Execute:"
msgstr "Exécutez&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:314
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg-divert --divert /bin/login.debian /bin/login\n"
msgstr "dpkg-divert --divert /bin/login.debian /bin/login\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:317
msgid ""
"in order to cause all future installations of the Debian <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">login</systemitem> package to write the file <literal>/bin/"
"login</literal> to <literal>/bin/login.debian</literal> instead."
msgstr ""
"afin que toutes les installations futures du paquet Debian <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">login</systemitem> écrivent le fichier <literal>/bin/login</"
"literal> dans <literal>/bin/login.debian</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:324
msgid "Then execute:"
msgstr "puis tapez&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:327
#, no-wrap
msgid "cp login-local /bin/login\n"
msgstr "cp login-local /bin/login\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:330
msgid "to move your own locally-built program into place."
msgstr "pour déplacer votre programme construit localement au bon endroit."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:335
msgid ""
"Run <literal>dpkg-divert --list</literal> to see which diversions are "
"currently active on your system."
msgstr ""
"Exécutez <literal>dpkg-divert --list</literal> pour obtenir la liste des "
"remplacements actuellement actifs sur votre système."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:339
msgid ""
"Details are given in the manual page <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-"
"divert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"Pour plus d'informations, lisez la page de manuel "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-divert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:344
msgid ""
"How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available "
"packages that the package management system knows about?"
msgstr ""
"Comment puis-je inclure mon paquet construit localement dans la liste des "
"paquets disponibles connus par le système de gestion des paquets&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:346
msgid "Execute the command:"
msgstr "Lancer la commande&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:349
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg-scanpackages BIN_DIR OVERRIDE_FILE [PATHPREFIX] > my_Packages\n"
msgstr "dpkg-scanpackages BIN_DIR OVERRIDE_FILE [PATHPREFIX] > mes_Paquets\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:352
msgid "where:"
msgstr "Où&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:357
msgid ""
"BIN-DIR is a directory where Debian archive files (which usually have an "
"extension of \".deb\") are stored."
msgstr ""
"BIN-DIR est le répertoire où les archives Debian (généralement ils ont "
"«&nbsp;.deb&nbsp;» comme extension) sont conservés."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:363
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "OVERRIDE_FILE is a file that is edited by the distribution maintainers "
#| "and is usually stored on a Debian FTP archive at <literal>indices/"
#| "override.main.gz</literal> for the Debian packages in the \"main\" "
#| "distribution.  You can ignore this for local packages."
msgid ""
"OVERRIDE_FILE is a file that is edited by the distribution maintainers and "
"is usually stored on a Debian archive at <literal>indices/override.main.gz</"
"literal> for the Debian packages in the \"main\" distribution.  You can "
"ignore this for local packages."
msgstr ""
"OVERRIDE_FILE est un fichier qui est édité par les responsables de la "
"distribution et est généralement sauvegardé sur l'archive FTP Debian dans le "
"fichier <literal>indices/override.main.gz</literal> pour les paquets Debian "
"de la section «&nbsp;main&nbsp;» Vous pouvez ignorer ce fichier pour des "
"paquets locaux."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:371
msgid ""
"PATHPREFIX is an <emphasis>optional</emphasis> string that can be prepended "
"to the <literal>my_Packages</literal> file being produced."
msgstr ""
"PATHPREFIX est une chaîne <emphasis>optionnelle</emphasis> qui peut être "
"ajoutée au début du fichier <literal>mes_Paquets</literal> créé."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:377
msgid ""
"Once you have built the file <literal>my_Packages</literal>, tell the "
"package management system about it by using the command:"
msgstr ""
"Une fois que vous avez construit le fichier <literal>mes_Paquets</literal>, "
"appelez le système de gestion des paquets en utilisant la commande&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:381
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg --merge-avail my_Packages\n"
msgstr "dpkg --merge-avail mes_Paquets\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:384
msgid ""
"If you are using APT, you can add the local repository to your "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> file, too."
msgstr ""
"Si vous utilisez APT, vous pouvez aussi ajouter votre dépôt local dans votre "
"fichier <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/customizing.dbk:390
msgid ""
"Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; "
"some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?"
msgstr ""
"Certains utilisateurs apprécient mawk, d'autres gawk&nbsp;; certains "
"utilisent vim, d'autres elvis&nbsp;; certains préfèrent trn, d'autres "
"tin&nbsp;; comment Debian gère-t-elle la diversité&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:392
msgid ""
"There are several cases where two packages provide two different versions of "
"a program, both of which provide the same core functionality.  Users might "
"prefer one over another out of habit, or because the user interface of one "
"package is somehow more pleasing than the interface of another.  Other users "
"on the same system might make a different choice."
msgstr ""
"Il y a plusieurs cas où deux paquets fournissent deux versions différentes "
"d'un programme et où tous les deux fournissent la même fonctionnalité. Les "
"utilisateurs pourraient préférer un plutôt qu'un autre inhabituel, ou parce "
"que l'interface utilisateur d'un paquet est d'une façon ou d'une autre plus "
"agréable que l'interface des autres. D'autres utilisateurs sur le même "
"système pourraient faire des choix différents."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:399
msgid ""
"Debian uses a \"virtual\" package system to allow system administrators to "
"choose (or let users choose) their favorite tools when there are two or more "
"that provide the same basic functionality, yet satisfy package dependency "
"requirements without specifying a particular package."
msgstr ""
"Debian emploie un système de paquets «&nbsp;virtuels&nbsp;» pour permettre "
"aux administrateurs de choisir (ou laisser les utilisateurs choisir) leurs "
"outils favoris quand il y en a plusieurs qui fournissent la même "
"fonctionnalité de base, en répondant aux exigences de dépendance du paquet "
"sans indiquer de paquet particulier."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:405
msgid ""
"For example, there might exist two different versions of newsreaders on a "
"system.  The news server package might 'recommend' that there exist "
"<emphasis>some</emphasis> news reader on the system, but the choice of "
"<literal>tin</literal> or <literal>trn</literal> is left up to the "
"individual user.  This is satisfied by having both the <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">tin</systemitem> and <systemitem role=\"package\">trn</"
"systemitem> packages provide the virtual package <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">news-reader</systemitem>.  <emphasis>Which</emphasis> "
"program is invoked is determined by a link pointing from a file with the "
"virtual package name <literal>/etc/alternatives/news-reader</literal> to the "
"selected file, e.g., <literal>/usr/bin/trn</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, il peut y avoir sur un système deux versions différentes d'un "
"programme de lecture de nouvelles. L'installation d'un serveur de nouvelles "
"peut recommander la présence d'un programme de lecture de nouvelles sur le "
"système et laisser le choix de <literal>tin</literal> ou de <literal>trn</"
"literal> aux utilisateurs. Ceci est possible parce que les paquets "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">tin</systemitem> et <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">trn</systemitem> fournissent le paquet virtuel <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">news-reader</systemitem>. Le programme qui sera appelé est "
"déterminé par le lien symbolique <literal>/etc/alternatives/news-reader</"
"literal> pointant vers le programme choisi, par exemple <literal>/usr/bin/"
"trn</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:418
msgid ""
"A single link is insufficient to support full use of an alternate program; "
"normally, manual pages, and possibly other supporting files must be selected "
"as well.  The Perl script <literal>update-alternatives</literal> provides a "
"way of ensuring that all the files associated with a specified package are "
"selected as a system default."
msgstr ""
"Un lien simple est insuffisant pour gérer l'utilisation complète d'un "
"programme alternatif&nbsp;; normalement, les pages de manuel et probablement "
"d'autres fichiers de support doivent être aussi accessibles. Le script Perl "
"<literal>update-alternatives</literal> fournit le moyen de s'assurer que le "
"système choisit bien par défaut tous les fichiers associés au paquet indiqué."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:425
msgid ""
"For example, to check what executables provide \"x-window-manager\", run:"
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, pour vérifier quel exécutable fournit le gestionnaire de "
"fenêtres (x-window-manager), exécutez&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:428
#, no-wrap
msgid "update-alternatives --display x-window-manager\n"
msgstr "update-alternatives --display x-window-manager\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:431
msgid "If you want to change it, run:"
msgstr "Si vous souhaitez le modifier, tapez la commande&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:434
#, no-wrap
msgid "update-alternatives --config x-window-manager\n"
msgstr "update-alternatives --config x-window-manager\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:437
msgid ""
"And follow the instructions on the screen (basically, press the number next "
"to the entry you'd like better)."
msgstr ""
"et suivez les instructions affichées à l'écran (saisissez le nombre "
"correspondant à votre choix)"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:441
msgid ""
"If a package doesn't register itself as a window manager for some reason "
"(file a bug if it's in error), or if you use a window manager from /usr/"
"local directory, the selections on screen won't contain your preferred "
"entry.  You can update the link through command line options, like this:"
msgstr ""
"Si un paquet ne s'enregistre pas lui-même comme gestionnaire de fenêtres "
"pour différentes raisons, (remplissez un rapport de bogue si c'est une "
"erreur) ou si vous utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtres présent dans le "
"répertoire /usr/local, les choix sur l'écran ne contiendront pas votre "
"entrée préférée. Vous pouvez mettre à jour le lien par des options de ligne "
"de commande, comme ceci&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:447
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-window-manager \\\n"
"  x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs 50\n"
msgstr ""
"update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-window-manager \\\n"
"  x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs 50\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:451
msgid ""
"The first argument to \"--install\" option is the symlink that points to /"
"etc/alternatives/NAME, where NAME is the second argument.  The third "
"argument is the program to which /etc/alternatives/NAME should point to, and "
"the fourth argument is the priority (larger value means the alternative will "
"more probably get picked automatically)."
msgstr ""
"Le premier paramètre de l'option «&nbsp;--install&nbsp;» est un lien "
"symbolique qui pointe vers /etc/alternatives/NOM, où NOM est le deuxième "
"paramètre. Le troisième paramètre est le programme vers lequel /etc/"
"alternatives/NOM pointe et le quatrième paramètre est la priorité (une plus "
"grande valeur signifie que l'alternative sera très probablement sélectionnée "
"automatiquement)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/customizing.dbk:458
msgid "To remove an alternative you added, simply run:"
msgstr ""
"Pour supprimer une alternative que vous avez ajoutée, lancez "
"simplement&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/customizing.dbk:461
#, no-wrap
msgid "update-alternatives --remove x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs\n"
msgstr "update-alternatives --remove x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs\n"