# Translation of debian-faq into French.
#
# Copyright © Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-faq package.
#
# Translators :
# Thomas Vincent <thomas@vinc-net.fr>, 2016.
# Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <mengualjeanphi@free.fr>, 2018.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: debian-faq\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-28 16:03-0700\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-03-17 21:35+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Philippe MENGUAL <mengualjeanphi@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: french\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:8
msgid "Basics of the Debian package management system"
msgstr "Les bases du système de gestion des paquets Debian"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:10
msgid ""
"This chapter touches on some lower level internals of Debian package "
"management.  If you're interested mainly in <emphasis>usage</emphasis> of "
"the relevant tools, skip to chapters <xref linkend=\"pkgtools\"/> and/or "
"<xref linkend=\"uptodate\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Ce chapitre touche aux mécanismes internes de bas niveau du système de "
"gestion de paquets Debian. Si vous êtes avant tout intéressé par "
"l'<emphasis>utilisation</emphasis> des outils appropriés, passez aux "
"chapitres <xref linkend=\"pkgtools\"/> et <xref linkend=\"uptodate\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:15
msgid "What is a Debian package?"
msgstr "Qu'est ce qu'un paquet Debian&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:17
msgid ""
"Packages generally contain all of the files necessary to implement a set of "
"related commands or features.  There are two types of Debian packages:"
msgstr ""
"Les paquets contiennent généralement tous les fichiers nécessaires pour "
"implémenter un ensemble de commandes ou de fonctionnalités. Il y a deux "
"sortes de paquets Debian&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:23
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Binary packages</emphasis>, which contain executables, "
"configuration files, man/info pages, copyright information, and other "
"documentation.  These packages are distributed in a Debian-specific archive "
"format (see <xref linkend=\"deb-format\"/>); they are usually characterized "
"by having a '.deb' file extension.  Binary packages can be unpacked using "
"the Debian utility <literal>dpkg</literal> (possibly via a frontend like "
"<command>apt</command>); details are given in its manual page."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>Les paquets binaires</emphasis> contenant les exécutables, les "
"fichiers de configuration, les pages de manuel ou d'info, les informations "
"de copyright et d'autres documentations. Ces paquets sont distribués sous un "
"format d'archive spécifique à Debian (voir <xref linkend=\"deb-format\"/>) ; "
"ils sont habituellement reconnaissables par l'extension « .deb ». Ils "
"peuvent être dépaquetés en utilisant l'utilitaire <literal>dpkg</literal> de "
"Debian (éventuellement avec une interface comme <command>apt</command>) ; "
"vous trouverez plus de détails dans leurs pages de manuel."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:34
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Source packages</emphasis>, which consist of a <literal>.dsc</"
"literal> file describing the source package (including the names of the "
"following files), a <literal>.orig.tar.gz</literal> file that contains the "
"original unmodified source in gzip-compressed tar format and usually a "
"<literal>.debian.tar.xz</literal> file that contains the Debian-specific "
"changes to the original source.  The utility <literal>dpkg-source</literal> "
"packs and unpacks Debian source archives; details are provided in its manual "
"page.  (The program <command>apt-get</command> can be used as a frontend for "
"<literal>dpkg-source</literal>.)"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>Les paquets sources</emphasis> sont constitués d'un fichier "
"<literal>.dsc</literal> décrivant le paquet source (incluant le nom des "
"fichiers suivants), un fichier <literal>.orig.tar.gz</literal> contenant les "
"sources originels non modifiés au format tar compressé avec gzip et "
"habituellement, un fichier <literal>.debian.tar.xz</literal> contenant les "
"modifications spécifiques à Debian par rapport aux sources d'origine. "
"L'outil <literal>dpkg-source</literal> permet l'archivage et le désarchivage "
"des sources Debian ; vous trouverez plus de détails dans les pages de "
"manuel. (Le programme <command>apt-get</command> peut être utilisé comme une "
"interface pour <literal>dpkg-source</literal>.)"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:47
msgid ""
"Installation of software by the package system uses \"dependencies\" which "
"are carefully designed by the package maintainers.  These dependencies are "
"documented in the <literal>control</literal> file associated with each "
"package.  For example, the package containing the GNU C compiler "
"(<systemitem role=\"package\">gcc</systemitem>) \"depends\" on the package "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">binutils</systemitem> which includes the linker "
"and assembler.  If a user attempts to install <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">gcc</systemitem> without having first installed <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">binutils</systemitem>, the package management system (dpkg) "
"will send an error message that it also needs <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">binutils</systemitem>, and stop installing <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">gcc</systemitem>.  (However, this facility can be "
"overridden by the insistent user, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)  See more in <xref "
"linkend=\"depends\"/> below."
msgstr ""
"L'installation de logiciels par le système de paquets utilise les "
"« dependencies » qui sont définies avec attention par le responsable du "
"paquet. Ces dépendances sont documentées dans le fichier <literal>control</"
"literal> associé à chaque paquet. Par exemple, le paquet du compilateur GNU "
"C (<systemitem role=\"package\">gcc</systemitem>) « depends » du paquet "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">binutils</systemitem> qui contient l'éditeur de "
"liens et l'assembleur. Si un utilisateur essaie d'installer <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">gcc</systemitem> sans avoir préalablement installé "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">binutils</systemitem>, le système de gestion de "
"paquets (dpkg) renverra un message d'erreur disant qu'il a aussi besoin de "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">binutils</systemitem> et arrêtera "
"l'installation de <systemitem role=\"package\">gcc</systemitem>. (Cependant "
"ceci peut être forcé par un utilisateur insistant, voir "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>). Pour plus d'informations, voir <xref linkend=\"depends\"/> "
"ci-dessous."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:64
msgid "Debian's packaging tools can be used to:"
msgstr ""
"Les outils de gestion de paquets Debian peuvent être utilisés pour&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:69
msgid "manipulate and manage packages or parts of packages,"
msgstr "manipuler ou administrer les paquets ou une partie des paquets,"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:74
msgid "administer local overrides of files in a package,"
msgstr ""
"administrer les modifications locales (« overrides ») des fichiers d'un "
"paquet,"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:79
msgid "aid developers in the construction of package archives, and"
msgstr "aider les développeurs dans la construction de paquets et"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:84
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "aid users in the installation of packages which reside on a remote FTP "
#| "site."
msgid ""
"aid users in the installation of packages which reside on a remote archive "
"site."
msgstr ""
"aider les utilisateurs dans l'installation de paquets résidant sur un "
"serveur FTP distant."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:90
msgid "What is the format of a Debian binary package?"
msgstr "Quel est le format d'un paquet binaire Debian&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:92
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A Debian \"package\", or a Debian archive file, contains the executable "
#| "files, libraries, and documentation associated with a particular suite of "
#| "program or set of related programs.  Normally, a Debian archive file has "
#| "a filename that ends in <literal>.deb</literal>."
msgid ""
"A Debian \"package\", or a Debian archive file, contains the executable "
"files, libraries, and documentation associated with a particular program or "
"set of related programs. Normally, a Debian archive file has a filename that "
"ends in <literal>.deb</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Un paquet Debian ou un fichier d'archive Debian, contient les fichiers "
"exécutables, les bibliothèques et la documentation liée à une suite "
"particulière de programme ou à un ensemble de programmes. Normalement, un "
"fichier archive Debian a un nom se terminant par <literal>.deb</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:98
msgid ""
"The internals of this Debian binary packages format are described in the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>deb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> manual page.  This internal format is subject to change "
"(between major releases of &debian;), therefore please always use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-deb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> if you need to do lowlevel manipulations on "
"<literal>.deb</literal> files."
msgstr ""
"Les mécanismes internes du format des paquets binaires Debian sont décrits "
"dans la page de manuel de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>deb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Ce format interne est "
"susceptible de changer (entre chaque version principale de &debian;), donc "
"utilisez toujours <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-deb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> si vous avez besoin "
"d'effectuer des opérations de bas niveau sur des fichiers <literal>.deb</"
"literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:107
msgid "Why are Debian package file names so long?"
msgstr "Pourquoi les noms des paquets Debian sont-ils si longs&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:109
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The Debian binary package file names conform to the following convention: "
#| "&lt;foo&gt;_&lt;VersionNumber&gt;-"
#| "&lt;DebianRevisionNumber&gt;_&lt;DebianArchitecture&gt;.deb"
msgid ""
"The Debian binary package file names conform to the following convention: "
"&lt;DebianPackageName&gt;_&lt;VersionNumber&gt;-"
"&lt;DebianRevisionNumber&gt;_&lt;DebianArchitecture&gt;.deb"
msgstr ""
"Le nom des paquets binaires Debian se conforme à la convention "
"suivante&nbsp;: &lt;foo&gt;_&lt;NuméroVersion&gt;-"
"&lt;NuméroRévisionDebian&gt;_&lt;DebianArchitecture&gt;.deb"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:113
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Note that <literal>foo</literal> is supposed to be the package name.  "
#| "Checking the package name associated with a particular Debian archive "
#| "file (.deb file)  can be done in one of these ways:"
msgid ""
"Checking the package name associated with a particular Debian archive file "
"(.deb file) can be done in one of these ways:"
msgstr ""
"Notez que <literal>foo</literal> est supposé être le nom du paquet. On peut "
"connaître le nom associé à un fichier d'archive Debian particulier "
"(fichier .deb) d'une des manières suivantes :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:119
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "inspect the \"Packages\" file in the directory where it was stored at a "
#| "Debian FTP archive site.  This file contains a stanza describing each "
#| "package; the first field in each stanza is the formal package name."
msgid ""
"inspect the \"Packages\" file in the directory where it was stored at a "
"Debian archive site.  This file contains a stanza describing each package; "
"the first field in each stanza is the formal package name."
msgstr ""
"inspecter le fichier «&nbsp;Packages&nbsp;» dans le répertoire où il a été "
"stocké sur un site FTP d'archive Debian. Ce fichier contient une description "
"pour chaque paquet&nbsp;; le premier champ de chaque description est le nom "
"formel du paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:126
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "use the command <literal>dpkg --info foo_VVV-RRR_AAA.deb</literal> (where "
#| "VVV, RRR and AAA are the version, revision and architecture of the "
#| "package in question, respectively).  This displays, among other things, "
#| "the package name corresponding to the archive file being unpacked."
msgid ""
"use the command <literal>dpkg --info PPP_VVV-RRR_AAA.deb</literal> (where "
"PPP, VVV, RRR and AAA are the package name, version, revision and "
"architecture of the package in question, respectively).  This displays, "
"among other things, the package name corresponding to the archive file being "
"unpacked."
msgstr ""
"utiliser la commande <literal>dpkg --info foo_VVV-RRR_AAA.deb</literal> (où "
"VVV, RRR et AAA sont respectivement le numéro de version, le numéro de "
"révision et l'architecture du paquet en question). Ceci affiche, entre "
"autres, le nom du paquet correspondant au fichier archive."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:134
msgid ""
"The <literal>VVV</literal> component is the version number specified by the "
"upstream developer.  There are no standards in place here, so the version "
"number may have formats as different as \"19990513\" and \"1.3.8pre1\"."
msgstr ""
"Le composant <literal>VVV</literal> est le numéro de version fourni par le "
"développeur amont. Il n'y a pas de standard ici, donc le numéro de version "
"peut avoir différents formats comme «&nbsp;19990513&nbsp;» ou "
"«&nbsp;1.3.8pre1&nbsp;»."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:139
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <literal>RRR</literal> component is the Debian revision number, and "
#| "is specified by the Debian developer (or an individual user if he chooses "
#| "to build the package himself).  This number corresponds to the revision "
#| "level of the Debian package, thus, a new revision level usually signifies "
#| "changes in the Debian Makefile (<literal>debian/rules</literal>), the "
#| "Debian control file (<literal>debian/control</literal>), the installation "
#| "or removal scripts (<literal>debian/p*</literal>), or in the "
#| "configuration files used with the package."
msgid ""
"The <literal>RRR</literal> component is the Debian revision number, and is "
"specified by the Debian developer (or a user who chooses to rebuild the "
"package locally).  This number corresponds to the revision level of the "
"Debian package, thus, a new revision level usually signifies changes in the "
"Debian Makefile (<literal>debian/rules</literal>), the Debian control file "
"(<literal>debian/control</literal>), the installation or removal scripts "
"(<literal>debian/p*</literal>), or in the configuration files used with the "
"package."
msgstr ""
"Le composant <literal>RRR</literal> est le numéro de révision Debian et il "
"est choisi par le développeur Debian (ou un utilisateur s'il choisit de "
"construire lui-même son paquet). Ce numéro correspond au niveau de révision "
"du paquet Debian, ainsi, une nouvelle révision signifie généralement des "
"modifications du Makefile Debian (<literal>debian/rules</literal>), du "
"fichier de contrôle Debian <literal>debian/control</literal>), des scripts "
"d'installation ou de désinstallation (<literal>debian/p*</literal>) ou des "
"fichiers de configuration utilisés avec le paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:149
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <literal>AAA</literal> component identifies the processor for which "
#| "the package was built.  This is commonly <literal>amd64</literal>, which "
#| "refers to AMD64, Intel 64 or VIA Nano chips.  For other possibilities "
#| "review Debian's FTP directory structure at <xref linkend=\"dirtree\"/>.  "
#| "For details, see the description of \"Debian architecture\" in the manual "
#| "page <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-architecture</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"The <literal>AAA</literal> component identifies the processor for which the "
"package was built.  This is commonly <literal>amd64</literal>, which refers "
"to AMD64, Intel 64 or VIA Nano chips.  For other possibilities review "
"Debian's archive directory structure at <xref linkend=\"dirtree\"/>.  For "
"details, see the description of \"Debian architecture\" in the manual page "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-architecture</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"Le composant <literal>AAA</literal> identifie le processeur pour lequel le "
"paquet a été construit. Il s'agit généralement de <literal>amd64</literal>, "
"qui renvoie aux puces AMD64, Intel 64 ou VIA Nano. La structure de l'archive "
"FTP Debian <xref linkend=\"dirtree\"/> montre les autres possibilités. Pour "
"plus de détails, consultez la description de « l'architecture Debian » dans "
"la page de manuel <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-architecture</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:158
msgid "What is a Debian control file?"
msgstr "Qu'est ce qu'un fichier de contrôle&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:160
msgid ""
"Specifics regarding the contents of a Debian control file are provided in "
"the Debian Policy Manual, section 5, see <xref linkend=\"debiandocs\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Des détails concernant le contenu du fichier <literal>control</literal> "
"Debian sont fournis dans la charte Debian, au chapitre cinq, voir <xref "
"linkend=\"debiandocs\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:164
msgid ""
"Briefly, a sample control file is shown below for the Debian package hello:"
msgstr ""
"Brièvement, un fichier <literal>control</literal> est montré ci-dessous pour "
"le paquet Debian hello&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:167
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "Package: hello\n"
#| "Version: 2.9-2+deb8u1\n"
#| "Architecture: amd64\n"
#| "Maintainer: Santiago Vila &lt;sanvila@debian.org&gt;\n"
#| "Installed-Size: 145\n"
#| "Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14)\n"
#| "Conflicts: hello-traditional\n"
#| "Breaks: hello-debhelper (<< 2.9)\n"
#| "Replaces: hello-debhelper (<< 2.9), hello-traditional\n"
#| "Section: devel\n"
#| "Priority: optional\n"
#| "Homepage: https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\n"
#| "Description: example package based on GNU hello\n"
#| " The GNU hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting.  It\n"
#| " allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which\n"
#| " would otherwise be unavailable to them.\n"
#| " .\n"
#| " Seriously, though: this is an example of how to do a Debian package.\n"
#| " It is the Debian version of the GNU Project's \"hello world\" program\n"
#| " (which is itself an example for the GNU Project).\n"
msgid ""
"Package: hello\n"
"Version: 2.9-2+deb8u1\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"Maintainer: Santiago Vila &lt;sanvila@debian.org&gt;\n"
"Installed-Size: 145\n"
"Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14)\n"
"Conflicts: hello-traditional\n"
"Breaks: hello-debhelper (&lt;&lt; 2.9)\n"
"Replaces: hello-debhelper (&lt;&lt; 2.9), hello-traditional\n"
"Section: devel\n"
"Priority: optional\n"
"Homepage: https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\n"
"Description: example package based on GNU hello\n"
" The GNU hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting.  It\n"
" allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which\n"
" would otherwise be unavailable to them.\n"
" .\n"
" Seriously, though: this is an example of how to do a Debian package.\n"
" It is the Debian version of the GNU Project's \"hello world\" program\n"
" (which is itself an example for the GNU Project).\n"
msgstr ""
"Package: hello\n"
"Version: 2.9-2+deb8u1\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"Maintainer: Santiago Vila &lt;sanvila@debian.org&gt;\n"
"Installed-Size: 145\n"
"Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14)\n"
"Conflicts: hello-traditional\n"
"Breaks: hello-debhelper (<< 2.9)\n"
"Replaces: hello-debhelper (<< 2.9), hello-traditional\n"
"Section: devel\n"
"Priority: optional\n"
"Homepage: https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\n"
"Description: example package based on GNU hello\n"
" The GNU hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting.  It\n"
" allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which\n"
" would otherwise be unavailable to them.\n"
" .\n"
" Seriously, though: this is an example of how to do a Debian package.\n"
" It is the Debian version of the GNU Project's \"hello world\" program\n"
" (which is itself an example for the GNU Project).\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:189
msgid ""
"The Package field gives the package name.  This is the name by which the "
"package can be manipulated by the package tools, and usually similar to but "
"not necessarily the same as the first component string in the Debian archive "
"file name."
msgstr ""
"Le champ «&nbsp;Package&nbsp;» contient le nom du paquet. C'est le nom par "
"lequel les outils de gestion de paquets peuvent le manipuler. Il est "
"habituellement similaire mais pas nécessairement le même que la première "
"chaîne composant le nom de l'archive Debian."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:195
msgid ""
"The Version field gives both the upstream developer's version number and (in "
"the last component) the revision level of the Debian package of this program "
"as explained in <xref linkend=\"pkgname\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Le champ de «&nbsp;Version&nbsp;» donne le numéro de version du développeur "
"amont et (dans le dernier composant) le niveau de révision du paquet de "
"Debian de ce programme comme expliqué dans <xref linkend=\"pkgname\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:200
msgid ""
"The Architecture field specifies the chip for which this particular binary "
"was compiled."
msgstr ""
"Le champ «&nbsp;Architecture&nbsp;» indique pour quel processeur ce binaire "
"particulier a été compilé."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:204
msgid ""
"The Depends field gives a list of packages that have to be installed in "
"order to install this package successfully."
msgstr ""
"Le champ «&nbsp;Depends&nbsp;» donne une liste des paquets qui doivent être "
"installés afin d'installer ce paquet avec succès."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:208
msgid ""
"The Installed-Size indicates how much disk space the installed package will "
"consume.  This is intended to be used by installation front-ends in order to "
"show whether there is enough disk space available to install the program."
msgstr ""
"Le champ «&nbsp;Installed-Size&nbsp;» indique l'espace disque utilisé par le "
"paquet une fois installé. Ceci est prévu pour être employé par les "
"programmes d'installation pour vérifier s'il y a suffisamment d'espace "
"disque disponible pour installer le programme."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:213
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The Section line gives the \"section\" where this Debian package is "
#| "stored at the Debian FTP sites."
msgid ""
"The Section line gives the \"section\" where this Debian package is stored "
"at the Debian archive sites."
msgstr ""
"La ligne «&nbsp;Section&nbsp;» indique la section où le paquet Debian est "
"conservé sur les sites FTP de Debian."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:217
msgid ""
"The Priority indicates how important is this package for installation, so "
"that semi-intelligent software like apt or aptitude can sort the package "
"into a category of e.g. packages optionally installed.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"priority\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Le champ « Priority » indique l'importance de l'installation d'un paquet, de "
"sorte que des logiciels semi-intelligents comme apt ou aptitude peuvent "
"trier les paquets dans une catégorie, par exemple les paquets installés "
"facultativement. Voir <xref linkend=\"priority\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:223
msgid ""
"The Maintainer field gives the e-mail address of the person who is currently "
"responsible for maintaining this package."
msgstr ""
"Le champ «&nbsp;Maintainer&nbsp;» contient l'adresse électronique de la "
"personne actuellement responsable de la maintenance du paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:227
msgid "The Description field gives a brief summary of the package's features."
msgstr ""
"Le champ «&nbsp;Description&nbsp;» fournit un bref résumé des "
"fonctionnalités du paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:230
msgid ""
"For more information about all possible fields a package can have, please "
"see the Debian Policy Manual, section 5, \"Control files and their fields\", "
"see <xref linkend=\"debiandocs\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Pour plus d'informations sur les champs disponibles dans un paquet, reportez-"
"vous au chapitre 5 de la charte Debian, « Fichiers control et leurs "
"champs », consultez <xref linkend=\"debiandocs\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:236
msgid "What is a Debian conffile?"
msgstr "Qu'est ce qu'un Debian conffile&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:238
msgid ""
"Conffiles is a list of configuration files (usually placed in <literal>/etc</"
"literal>) that the package management system will not overwrite when the "
"package is upgraded.  This ensures that local values for the contents of "
"these files will be preserved, and is a critical feature enabling the in-"
"place upgrade of packages on a running system."
msgstr ""
"Conffiles est une liste de fichiers de configuration (habituellement placés "
"dans <literal>/etc</literal>) que le système de gestion de paquets "
"n'écrasera pas lors de la mise à jour du paquet. Ceci s'assure que les "
"valeurs locales pour ces fichiers seront préservées et c'est un dispositif "
"critique permettant la mise à niveau des paquets sur un système en "
"fonctionnement."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:245
msgid "To determine exactly which files are preserved during an upgrade, run:"
msgstr ""
"Pour déterminer exactement quels fichiers sont préservés pendant la mise à "
"jour, lancez&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:248
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg --status package\n"
msgstr "dpkg --status package\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:251
msgid "And look under \"Conffiles:\"."
msgstr "et regardez la section «&nbsp;Conffiles:&nbsp;»."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:255
msgid "What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?"
msgstr ""
"Qu'est-ce qu'un script Debian preinst, postinst, prerm et postrm&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:257
msgid ""
"These files are executable scripts which are automatically run before or "
"after a package is installed or removed.  Along with a file named "
"<literal>control</literal>, all of these files are part of the \"control\" "
"section of a Debian archive file."
msgstr ""
"Ces fichiers sont des scripts exécutables qui sont lancés automatiquement "
"avant ou après l'installation d'un paquet. Avec le fichier appelé "
"<literal>control</literal>, tous ces fichiers font partie de la section "
"« control » d'une archive Debian."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:263
msgid "The individual files are:"
msgstr "Les fichiers individuels sont&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:267
msgid "preinst"
msgstr "preinst"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:270
msgid ""
"This script is executed before the package it belongs to is unpacked from "
"its Debian archive (\".deb\") file.  Many 'preinst' scripts stop services "
"for packages which are being upgraded until their installation or upgrade is "
"completed (following the successful execution of the 'postinst' script)."
msgstr ""
"Ce script est exécuté avant le dépaquetage depuis le fichier Debian "
"(« .deb ») du paquet auquel il appartient. Beaucoup de scripts « preinst » "
"arrêtent les services des paquets qui sont mis à niveau jusqu'à ce que leurs "
"installations ou leurs mises à niveau soient terminées (suivant le succès de "
"l'exécution du script « postinst »)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:278
msgid "postinst"
msgstr "postinst"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:281
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This script typically completes any required configuration of the package "
#| "<literal>foo</literal> once <literal>foo</literal> has been unpacked from "
#| "its Debian archive (\".deb\") file.  Often, 'postinst' scripts ask users "
#| "for input, and/or warn them that if they accept default values, they "
#| "should remember to go back and re-configure that package as needed.  Many "
#| "'postinst' scripts then execute any commands necessary to start or "
#| "restart a service once a new package has been installed or upgraded."
msgid ""
"This script typically completes any required configuration of the package "
"<literal>foo</literal> once <literal>foo</literal> has been unpacked from "
"its Debian archive (\".deb\") file.  Many 'postinst' scripts execute any "
"commands necessary to start or restart a service once a new package has been "
"installed or upgraded."
msgstr ""
"Ce script termine typiquement n'importe quelle configuration exigée du "
"paquet <literal>foo</literal> une fois que <literal>foo</literal> a été "
"désarchivé à partir du fichier d'archive Debian (« deb »). Souvent le script "
"« postinst » demande à l'utilisateur des informations et avertit "
"l'utilisateur que s'il accepte les valeurs par défaut, il devrait se "
"souvenir de revenir en arrière et de reconfigurer le paquet au besoin. "
"Beaucoup de scripts « postinst » exécutent toutes les commandes nécessaires "
"au démarrage ou au redémarrage d'un service une fois qu'un nouveau paquet a "
"été installé ou mis à niveau."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:291
msgid "prerm"
msgstr "prerm"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:294
msgid ""
"This script typically stops any daemons which are associated with a "
"package.  It is executed before the removal of files associated with the "
"package."
msgstr ""
"Ce script arrête généralement tous les démons qui sont associés au paquet. "
"Il est exécuté avant la suppression des fichiers associés au paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:300
msgid "postrm"
msgstr "postrm"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:303
msgid ""
"This script typically modifies links or other files associated with "
"<literal>foo</literal>, and/or removes files created by the package.  (Also "
"see <xref linkend=\"virtual\"/>.)"
msgstr ""
"Ce script modifie généralement les liens ou les autres fichiers associés à "
"<literal>foo</literal> et/ou supprime les fichiers créés par le paquet (Voir "
"aussi <xref linkend=\"virtual\"/>.)"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:311
msgid ""
"Currently all of the control files can be found in the directory <literal>/"
"var/lib/dpkg/info</literal>.  The files relevant to package <literal>foo</"
"literal> begin with the name \"foo\" and have file extensions of "
"\"preinst\", \"postinst\", etc., as appropriate.  The file "
"<literal>foo.list</literal> in that directory lists all of the files that "
"were installed with the package <literal>foo</literal>.  (Note that the "
"location of these files is a dpkg internal; you should not rely on it.)"
msgstr ""
"Actuellement tous les fichiers de contrôle se trouvent dans le répertoire "
"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info</literal>. Les fichiers concernant le paquet "
"<literal>foo</literal> commencent par le nom « foo » et sont suivis par les "
"extensions « preinst », « postinst », etc. Le fichier <literal>foo.list</"
"literal> de ce répertoire liste tous les fichiers installés par le paquet "
"<literal>foo</literal>. (Notez que l'emplacement de ces fichiers est interne "
"à dpkg ; vous ne devriez pas compter sur eux)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:321
msgid ""
"What is an <emphasis>Essential</emphasis>, <emphasis>Required</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>Important</emphasis>, <emphasis>Standard</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>Optional</emphasis>, or <emphasis>Extra</emphasis> package?"
msgstr ""
"Qu'est ce qu'un paquet <emphasis>Essential</emphasis>, <emphasis>Required</"
"emphasis>, <emphasis>Important</emphasis>, <emphasis>Standard</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>Optional</emphasis> ou <emphasis>Extra</emphasis>&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:323
msgid ""
"Each Debian package is assigned a <emphasis>priority</emphasis> by the "
"distribution maintainers, as an aid to the package management system.  The "
"priorities are:"
msgstr ""
"À chaque paquet Debian est assignée une priorité par les développeurs de la "
"distribution, c'est une aide pour le système de gestion de paquets. Les "
"priorités sont&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:330
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Required</emphasis>: packages that are necessary "
"for the proper functioning of the system."
msgstr ""
"Nécessaire (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Required</emphasis>)&nbsp;: paquets "
"nécessaires pour le fonctionnement correct du système."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:334
msgid ""
"This includes all tools that are necessary to repair system defects.  You "
"must not remove these packages or your system may become totally broken and "
"you may probably not even be able to use dpkg to put things back.  Systems "
"with only the Required packages are probably unusable, but they do have "
"enough functionality to allow the sysadmin to boot and install more software."
msgstr ""
"Ceci inclut tous les outils nécessaires pour la réparation d'un système "
"défectueux. Vous ne devez pas supprimer ces paquets ou votre système risque "
"de devenir complètement instable et vous ne pourrez probablement pas "
"utiliser dpkg pour corriger cela. Avec seulement les paquets nécessaires, le "
"système sera probablement inutilisable mais il aura suffisamment de "
"fonctionnalités pour permettre de démarrer et d'installer plus de logiciels."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:343
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Important</emphasis> packages should be found on "
"any Unix-like system."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Important</emphasis>&nbsp;: paquets devant être "
"présents sur tous systèmes de type Unix"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:347
msgid ""
"Other packages which the system will not run well or be usable without will "
"be here.  This does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> include Emacs or X or TeX or "
"any other large application.  These packages only constitute the bare "
"infrastructure."
msgstr ""
"Les autres paquets sans lesquels le système ne fonctionnera pas correctement "
"ou ne sera pas utilisable ont cette priorité. Ceci n'inclut <emphasis>PAS</"
"emphasis> Emacs, X, TeX ou aucune autre grosse application. Ces paquets "
"constituent seulement l'infrastructure de base."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:355
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Standard</emphasis> packages are standard on "
#| "any Linux system, including a reasonably small but not too limited "
#| "character-mode system.  Tools are included to be able to send e-mail "
#| "(with mutt) and download files from FTP servers."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Standard</emphasis> packages are standard on any "
"Linux system, including a reasonably small but not too limited character-"
"mode system.  Tools are included to be able to send e-mail (with mutt) and "
"download files from archive servers."
msgstr ""
"Les paquets <emphasis role=\"strong\">Standard</emphasis> sont présents sur "
"n'importe quel système Linux, y compris un système raisonnablement petit "
"mais pas limité à un système en mode console. Des outils sont disponibles "
"pour envoyer des courriels (avec mutt) et télécharger des fichiers depuis "
"des serveurs FTP."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:361
msgid ""
"This is what will be installed by default if users do not select anything "
"else.  It does not include many large applications, but it does include the "
"Python interpreter and some server software like OpenSSH (for remote "
"administration)  and Exim (for mail delivery, although it can be configured "
"for local delivery only).  It also includes some common generic "
"documentation that most users will find helpful."
msgstr ""
"C'est ce qui sera installé par défaut si les utilisateurs ne sélectionnent "
"rien. Cela n'inclut pas les grosses applications, mais intègre "
"l'interpréteur Python et certains serveurs comme OpenSSH (pour "
"l'administration à distance) et Exim (pour la livraison des courriels, même "
"s'il peut être configuré en mode local uniquement). Sont également intégrées "
"certaines documentations générales considérées utiles par la plupart des "
"utilisateurs."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:371
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Optional</emphasis> packages include all those "
"that you might reasonably want to install if you do not know what they are, "
"or that do not have specialized requirements."
msgstr ""
"Les paquets optionnel (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Optional</emphasis>) "
"incluent tout ce que vous pourriez raisonnablement vouloir installer si vous "
"ne savez pas ce que c'est ou n'avez pas de besoins spécialisés."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:376
msgid "This includes X, a full TeX distribution, and lots of applications."
msgstr ""
"Ceci inclut X, une distribution TeX complète et beaucoup d'applications."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:381
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Extra</emphasis>: packages that either conflict "
"with others with higher priorities, are only likely to be useful if you "
"already know what they are, or have specialized requirements that make them "
"unsuitable for \"Optional\"."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Extra</emphasis>&nbsp;: paquets qui entrent en "
"conflit avec d'autres ayant des priorités plus élevées ou ayant des "
"conditions particulières qui les rendent peu convenables pour être "
"optionnels. Ils sont utiles seulement si vous savez déjà ce qu'ils font."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:389
msgid ""
"If you do a default Debian installation all the packages of priority "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Standard</emphasis> or higher will be installed in "
"your system.  If you select pre-defined tasks you will get lower priority "
"packages too."
msgstr ""
"Si vous faites une installation Debian par défaut, tous les paquets ayant "
"une priorité <emphasis role=\"strong\">standard</emphasis> ou supérieure "
"seront installés sur votre système. Si vous choisissez des tâches "
"prédéfinies, vous obtiendrez aussi les paquets de priorité plus faible."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:394
msgid ""
"Additionally, some packages are marked as <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">Essential</emphasis> since they are absolutely necessary for "
"the proper functioning of the system.  The package management tools will "
"refuse to remove these."
msgstr ""
"De plus, certains paquets sont marqués comme essentiels (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">Essential</emphasis>) puisqu'ils sont absolument nécessaires "
"pour un fonctionnement correct du système. Les outils de gestion de paquets "
"refuseront de les supprimer."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:401
msgid "What is a Virtual Package?"
msgstr "Qu'est-ce qu'un paquet virtuel&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:403
msgid ""
"A virtual package is a generic name that applies to any one of a group of "
"packages, all of which provide similar basic functionality.  For example, "
"both the <literal>konqueror</literal> and <literal>firefox-esr</literal> "
"programs are web browsers, and should therefore satisfy any dependency of a "
"program that requires a web browser on a system, in order to work or to be "
"useful.  They are therefore both said to provide the \"virtual package\" "
"called <literal>www-browser</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Un paquet virtuel est un nom générique qui s'applique à n'importe quel "
"groupe de paquets fournissant une fonctionnalité de base semblable. Par "
"exemple, les programmes <literal>konqueror</literal> et <literal>firefox-"
"esr</literal> sont des navigateurs Internet, et ils devraient donc "
"satisfaire les programmes ayant besoin d'un navigateur Web sur le système "
"pour être utiles ou opérationnels. Ils fournissent donc tous deux le "
"« paquet virtuel » <literal>www-browser</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:412
msgid ""
"Similarly, <literal>exim4</literal> and <literal>sendmail</literal> both "
"provide the functionality of a mail transport agent.  They are therefore "
"said to provide the virtual package \"mail-transport-agent\".  If either one "
"is installed, then any program depending on the installation of a "
"<literal>mail-transport-agent</literal> will be satisfied by the presence of "
"this virtual package."
msgstr ""
"De la même façon, <literal>exim4</literal> et <literal>sendmail</literal> "
"fournissent tous les deux les fonctionnalités d'un agent de transport de "
"courrier électronique. Les deux sont donc capables de fournir le paquet "
"virtuel « mail-transport-agent ». Si l'un ou l'autre est installé, alors "
"n'importe quel programme exigeant l'installation d'un agent de transport de "
"courrier électronique sera satisfait par l'existence de ce paquet virtuel."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:420
msgid ""
"Debian provides a mechanism so that, if more than one package which provide "
"the same virtual package is installed on a system, then system "
"administrators can set one as the preferred package.  The relevant command "
"is <literal>update-alternatives</literal>, and is described further in <xref "
"linkend=\"diverse\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Debian fournit un mécanisme qui fait que, si plus d'un paquet fournissant le "
"même paquet virtuel est installé sur le système, alors, les administrateurs "
"peuvent choisir leur paquet préféré. La commande appropriée est "
"<literal>update-alternatives</literal>&nbsp;; elle est décrite plus loin "
"dans <xref linkend=\"diverse\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:428
msgid ""
"What is meant by saying that a package <emphasis>Depends</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>Recommends</emphasis>, <emphasis>Suggests</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>Conflicts</emphasis>, <emphasis>Replaces</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>Breaks</emphasis> or <emphasis>Provides</emphasis> another package?"
msgstr ""
"Que signifie qu'un paquet dépend (<emphasis>Depends</emphasis>), recommande "
"(<emphasis>Recommends</emphasis>), suggère (<emphasis>Suggests</emphasis>), "
"est en conflit (<emphasis>Conflicts</emphasis>), remplace "
"(<emphasis>Replaces</emphasis>), casse (<emphasis>Breaks</emphasis>) ou "
"fournit (<emphasis>Provides</emphasis>) un autre paquet&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:430
msgid ""
"The Debian package system has a range of package \"dependencies\" which are "
"designed to indicate (in a single flag) the level at which Program A can "
"operate independently of the existence of Program B on a given system:"
msgstr ""
"Le système de paquet Debian a une gamme de «&nbsp;dépendances&nbsp;» sur les "
"paquets qui permet d'indiquer (avec un simple drapeau) à quel niveau un "
"programme A peut fonctionner indépendamment de l'existence du programme B "
"sur un système donné&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:437
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>depends</emphasis> on Package B if B absolutely must be "
"installed in order to run A.  In some cases, A depends not only on B, but on "
"a version of B.  In this case, the version dependency is usually a lower "
"limit, in the sense that A depends on any version of B more recent than some "
"specified version."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A <emphasis>dépend</emphasis> du paquet B si B doit absolument "
"être installé pour pouvoir exécuter A. Dans certains cas, A dépend non "
"seulement de B mais d'une version de B. Dans ce cas, la dépendance de "
"version est une limite basse, dans le sens que A dépend de toutes versions "
"plus récentes que celle spécifiée."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:446
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>recommends</emphasis> Package B, if the package "
"maintainer judges that most users would not want A without also having the "
"functionality provided by B."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A <emphasis>recommande</emphasis> le paquet B si le responsable du "
"paquet pense que la plupart des utilisateurs ne voudraient pas A sans avoir "
"également la fonctionnalité fournie par B."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:453
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>suggests</emphasis> Package B if B contains files that "
"are related to (and usually enhance) the functionality of A."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A <emphasis>suggère</emphasis> le paquet B si B contient des "
"fichiers qui sont liés aux (et augmentent habituellement) fonctionnalités de "
"A."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:459
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>conflicts</emphasis> with Package B when A will not "
"operate if B is installed on the system.  Most often, conflicts are cases "
"where A contains files which are an improvement over those in B.  "
"\"Conflicts\" are often combined with \"replaces\"."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A est en <emphasis>conflit</emphasis> avec le paquet B quand A ne "
"peut pas fonctionner si B est installé sur le système. Le plus souvent les "
"conflits sont des cas où A contient des fichiers qui sont une amélioration "
"de ceux de B. Le conflit est souvent combiné avec le remplacement."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:467
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>replaces</emphasis> Package B when files installed by B "
"are removed and (in some cases) over-written by files in A."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A <emphasis>remplace</emphasis> le paquet B quand les fichiers "
"installés par B sont supprimés et (dans certains cas) écrasés par les "
"fichiers de A."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:473
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>breaks</emphasis> Package B when both packages cannot be "
"simultaneously configured in a system.  The package management system will "
"refuse to install one if the other one is already installed and configured "
"in the system."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A <emphasis>casse</emphasis> le paquet B quand les deux paquets ne "
"peuvent pas être simultanément configurés. Le système de gestion des paquets "
"refusera d'installer l'un des paquets si l'autre est déjà installé et "
"configuré dans le système."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:481
msgid ""
"Package A <emphasis>provides</emphasis> Package B when all of the files and "
"functionality of B are incorporated into A.  This mechanism provides a way "
"for users with constrained disk space to get only that part of package A "
"which they really need."
msgstr ""
"Le paquet A <emphasis>fournit</emphasis> le paquet B quand tous les fichiers "
"et toutes les fonctionnalités de B sont incorporés dans A. Ce mécanisme "
"fournit aux utilisateurs ayant une contrainte d'espace disque un moyen "
"d'obtenir seulement la partie du paquet dont ils ont vraiment besoin."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:489
msgid ""
"More detailed information on the use of each of these terms can be found in "
"the Debian Policy manual, section 7.2, \"Binary Dependencies\", see <xref "
"linkend=\"debiandocs\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez trouver des informations plus détaillées sur l'utilisation de "
"chacun de ces termes dans la charte Debian, chapitre 7.2 « Dépendances "
"binaires », voir <xref linkend=\"debiandocs\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:495
msgid "What is meant by Pre-Depends?"
msgstr "Quel est le sens de «&nbsp;Pre-Depends&nbsp;»&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:497
msgid ""
"\"Pre-Depends\" is a special dependency.  In the case of most packages, "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> will unpack the archive file of a package (i.e., its "
"<literal>.deb</literal> file) independently of whether or not the files on "
"which it depends exist on the system.  Simplistically, unpacking means that "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> will extract the files from the archive file that "
"were meant to be installed on your file system, and put them in place.  If "
"those packages <emphasis>depend</emphasis> on the existence of some other "
"packages on your system, <literal>dpkg</literal> will refuse to complete the "
"installation (by executing its \"configure\" action) until the other "
"packages are installed."
msgstr ""
"« Pre-Depends » est une dépendance particulière. Dans le cas de la plupart "
"des paquets, <literal>dpkg</literal> dépaquètera les fichiers d’archive "
"(c'est-à-dire les fichiers <literal>.deb</literal>) indépendamment de "
"l'existence sur le système des fichiers dont il dépend. De manière "
"simpliste, le dépaquetage signifie que <literal>dpkg</literal> extraira à "
"partir du fichier d’archive les fichiers qui sont censés être installés sur "
"votre système de fichiers et les mettra à leur place. Si ces paquets "
"dépendent de l'existence d'autres paquets sur votre système, <literal>dpkg</"
"literal> refusera d'achever l'installation (par l'exécution de l'action de "
"« paramétrage ») jusqu'à ce que les autres paquets soient installés."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:508
msgid ""
"However, for some packages, <literal>dpkg</literal> will refuse even to "
"unpack them until certain dependencies are resolved.  Such packages are said "
"to \"Pre-depend\" on the presence of some other packages.  The Debian "
"project provided this mechanism to support the safe upgrading of systems "
"from <literal>a.out</literal> format to <literal>ELF</literal> format, where "
"the <emphasis>order</emphasis> in which packages were unpacked was "
"critical.  There are other large upgrade situations where this method is "
"useful, e.g. the packages with the required priority and their LibC "
"dependency."
msgstr ""
"Cependant, pour certains paquets, <literal>dpkg</literal> refusera de les "
"désarchiver jusqu'à ce que certaines dépendances soient résolues. De tels "
"paquets sont dits «&nbsp;Pré-dépendants&nbsp;» de la présence de quelques "
"autres paquets. Le projet Debian fournissait ce mécanisme pour gérer la mise "
"à jour de systèmes utilisant le format <literal>a.out</literal> vers le "
"format <literal>ELF</literal>, où l'ordre de désarchivage était critique. Il "
"y a d'autres situations de mise à jour où cette méthode est utile, par "
"exemple pour les paquets ayant une priorité «&nbsp;required&nbsp;» et des "
"dépendances sur la libc."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:518
msgid ""
"As before, more detailed information about this can be found in the Policy "
"manual."
msgstr ""
"Comme ci-dessus, une information plus détaillée sur l'utilisation de ce "
"terme peut être trouvée dans la charte Debian."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:523
msgid ""
"What is meant by <emphasis>unknown</emphasis>, <emphasis>install</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>remove</emphasis>, <emphasis>purge</emphasis> and <emphasis>hold</"
"emphasis> in the package status?"
msgstr ""
"Quelle est la signification de <emphasis>unknown</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis>install</emphasis>, <emphasis>remove</emphasis>, <emphasis>purge</"
"emphasis> et <emphasis>hold</emphasis> dans le statut du paquet&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:525
msgid ""
"These \"want\" flags tell what the user wanted to do with a package (as "
"indicated by the user's direct invocations of <literal>dpkg</literal>/"
"<literal>apt</literal>/ <literal>aptitude</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"Ces drapeaux « want » indiquent ce que l'utilisateur a voulu faire d'un "
"paquet (ce qu'il a indiqué en lançant <literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt</"
"literal> ou<literal>aptitude</literal>)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:530
msgid "Their meanings are:"
msgstr "Leurs significations sont&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:535
msgid "unknown - the user has never indicated whether the package is wanted."
msgstr "unknown - L'utilisateur n'a jamais indiqué s'il souhaitait le paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:540
msgid "install - the user wants the package installed or upgraded."
msgstr "install - L'utilisateur souhaite installer ou mettre à jour le paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:545
msgid ""
"remove - the user wants the package removed, but does not want to remove any "
"existing configuration file."
msgstr ""
"remove - L'utilisateur souhaite supprimer le paquet, mais ne désire pas "
"effacer les fichiers de configuration existants."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:551
msgid ""
"purge - the user wants the package to be removed completely, including its "
"configuration files."
msgstr ""
"purge - L'utilisateur souhaite supprimer le paquet complètement, incluant "
"ses fichiers de configuration."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:557
msgid ""
"hold - the user wants this package not to be processed, i.e. wants to keep "
"the current version with the current status whatever that is."
msgstr ""
"hold - L'utilisateur ne souhaite pas traiter le paquet, c'est-à-dire qu'il "
"veut conserver la version courante avec l'état actuel de celui-ci."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:564
msgid "How do I put a package on hold?"
msgstr "Comment est-ce que je mets un paquet en «&nbsp;hold&nbsp;»&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:566
msgid ""
"There are three ways of holding back packages, with dpkg, apt or aptitude."
msgstr "Il y a trois moyens de bloquer un paquet, avec dpkg, apt ou aptitude."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:569
msgid "With dpkg, you have to export the list of package selections, with:"
msgstr ""
"Avec dpkg, vous devez exporter la liste de sélection des paquets, avec la "
"commande&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:572
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg --get-selections \\* > selections.txt\n"
msgstr "dpkg --get-selections \\* > selections.txt\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:575
msgid ""
"Then edit the resulting file <filename>selections.txt</filename>, change the "
"line containing the package you wish to hold, e.g. <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">libc6</systemitem>, from this:"
msgstr ""
"puis éditer le fichier <filename>selections.txt</filename>, changer la ligne "
"contenant le paquet que vous souhaitez conserver, par exemple pour "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">libc6</systemitem>, de ceci&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:580
#, no-wrap
msgid "libc6                                           install\n"
msgstr "libc6                                           install\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:583
msgid "to this:"
msgstr "à ceci&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:586
#, no-wrap
msgid "libc6                                           hold\n"
msgstr "libc6                                           hold\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:589
msgid "Save the file, and reload it into dpkg database with:"
msgstr ""
"sauvegarder le fichier et le recharger dans la base de données de dpkg "
"avec&nbsp;:"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:592
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg --set-selections &lt; selections.txt\n"
msgstr "dpkg --set-selections &lt; selections.txt\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:595
msgid "With apt, you can set a package to hold using"
msgstr "Avec apt, vous pouvez conserver un paquet en faisant"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:598
#, no-wrap
msgid "apt-mark hold package_name\n"
msgstr "apt-mark hold nom_paquet\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:601 en/pkg-basics.dbk:613
msgid "and remove the hold with"
msgstr "et enlever le drapeau «&nbsp;hold&nbsp;» avec"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:604
#, no-wrap
msgid "apt-mark unhold package_name\n"
msgstr "apt-mark unhold nom_paquet\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:607
msgid "With aptitude, you can hold a package using"
msgstr "Avec aptitude, vous pouvez conserver un paquet en faisant"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:610
#, no-wrap
msgid "aptitude hold package_name\n"
msgstr "aptitude hold package_name\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:616
#, no-wrap
msgid "aptitude unhold package_name\n"
msgstr "aptitude unhold package_name\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:620
msgid "How do I install a source package?"
msgstr "Comment est-ce que j'installe un paquet source&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:622
msgid ""
"Debian source packages can't actually be \"installed\", they are just "
"unpacked in whatever directory you want to build the binary packages they "
"produce."
msgstr ""
"Les paquets sources Debian ne peuvent pas être véritablement installés, ils "
"sont seulement dépaquetés dans n'importe quel répertoire où vous voulez en "
"construire les paquets binaires."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:626
msgid ""
"Source packages are distributed on most of the same mirrors where you can "
"obtain the binary packages.  If you set up your APT's "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to include the appropriate \"deb-src\" lines, "
"you'll be able to easily download any source package by running"
msgstr ""
"Les paquets sources sont distribués sur la plupart des serveurs où vous "
"pouvez obtenir les paquets binaires. Si vous configurez votre fichier "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> pour APT en ajoutant les lignes « deb-src » "
"appropriées, vous pourrez facilement télécharger toutes les sources des "
"paquets en lançant la commande"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:633 en/pkg-basics.dbk:659
#, no-wrap
msgid "apt-get source foo\n"
msgstr "apt-get source foo\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:636
msgid ""
"To help you in actually building the source package, Debian source packages "
"provide the so-called build-dependencies mechanism.  This means that the "
"source package maintainer keeps a list of other packages that are required "
"to build their package.  To see how this is useful, run"
msgstr ""
"Pour vous aider à la construction finale du paquet source, les paquets "
"source de Debian fournissent un mécanisme qu'on appelle les dépendances de "
"construction (build-dependencies). Cela signifie que le responsable du "
"paquet tient une liste des autres paquets nécessaires à la construction du "
"paquet. Pour voir comment cela fonctionne, exécutez"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:642
#, no-wrap
msgid "apt-get build-dep foo\n"
msgstr "apt-get build-dep foo\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:645
msgid "before building the source."
msgstr "avant de construire les sources."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:649
msgid "How do I build binary packages from a source package?"
msgstr ""
"Comment est-ce que je peux construire les paquets binaires depuis les "
"paquets sources&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:651
msgid ""
"The preferred way to do this is by using various wrapper tools.  We'll show "
"how it's done using the <literal>devscripts</literal> tools.  Install this "
"package if you haven't done so already."
msgstr ""
"La méthode recommandée est d'utiliser les différents outils de haut-niveau "
"(« wrappers »). Voici comment faire en utilisant les outils "
"<literal>devscripts</literal>. Installez le paquet si cela n'est pas déjà "
"fait."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:656
msgid "Now, first get the source package:"
msgstr "Maintenant, commencez par récupérer le paquet source :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:662
msgid "and change to the source tree:"
msgstr "puis entrez dans l'arborescence source :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:665
#, no-wrap
msgid "cd foo-*\n"
msgstr "cd foo-*\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:668
msgid "Then install needed build-dependencies (if any):"
msgstr ""
"Puis installez les dépendances de construction nécessaires (s'il y en a) :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:671
#, no-wrap
msgid "sudo apt-get build-dep foo\n"
msgstr "sudo apt-get build-dep foo\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:674
msgid ""
"Then create a dedicated version of your own build (so that you won't get "
"confused later when Debian itself releases a new version):"
msgstr ""
"Puis créez une version particulière de votre propre construction (afin de ne "
"pas les confondre plus tard lorsque Debian publiera sa propre nouvelle "
"version) :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:678
#, no-wrap
msgid "dch -l local 'Blah blah blah'\n"
msgstr "dch -l local 'Blah blah blah'\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:681
msgid "And finally build your package:"
msgstr "Et enfin construisez votre paquet :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:684
#, no-wrap
msgid "debuild -us -uc\n"
msgstr "debuild -us -uc\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:687
msgid ""
"If everything worked out fine, you should now be able to install your "
"package by running"
msgstr ""
"Si tout a correctement fonctionné, vous devriez pouvoir installer votre "
"paquet avec la commande :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:691
#, no-wrap
msgid "sudo dpkg -i ../*.deb\n"
msgstr "sudo dpkg -i ../*.deb\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:694
msgid ""
"If you prefer to do things manually, and don't want to use "
"<literal>devscripts</literal>, follow this procedure:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous préférez effectuer les opérations vous-même et ne voulez pas "
"utiliser <literal>devscripts</literal>, suivez cette procédure :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:698
msgid ""
"You will need all of foo_*.dsc, foo_*.tar.gz and foo_*.debian.tar.xz to "
"compile the source (note: there is no .debian.tar.xz for some packages that "
"are native to Debian)."
msgstr ""
"Vous aurez besoin de tous les fichiers foo_*.dsc, foo_*.tar.gz et "
"foo_*.debian.tar.xz pour compiler les sources (remarquez que pour certains "
"paquets il n'y a pas de fichier .debian.tar.xz, ce sont les paquets natifs à "
"Debian)."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:703
msgid ""
"Once you have them (<xref linkend=\"sourcepkgs\"/>) and if you have the "
"<systemitem role=\"package\">dpkg-dev</systemitem> package installed, the "
"following command:"
msgstr ""
"Une fois que vous les avez récupérés (voir <xref linkend=\"sourcepkgs\"/>), "
"si vous avez le paquet <systemitem role=\"package\">dpkg-dev</systemitem> "
"installé, la commande suivante :"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:708
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg-source -x foo_version-revision.dsc\n"
msgstr "dpkg-source -x foo_version-revision.dsc\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:711
msgid ""
"will extract the package into a directory called <literal>foo-version</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"désarchivera le paquet dans un répertoire nommé <literal>foo-version</"
"literal>."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:715
msgid ""
"If you just want to compile the package, you may cd into the <literal>foo-"
"version</literal> directory and issue the command"
msgstr ""
"Si vous souhaitez juste compiler le paquet, vous devez vous placer dans le "
"répertoire <literal>foo-version</literal> et lancer la commande"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:719
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b\n"
msgstr "dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:722
msgid ""
"to build the package (note that this also requires the <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">fakeroot</systemitem> package), and then"
msgstr ""
"pour construire le paquet (notez que le paquet <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">fakeroot</systemitem> est aussi nécessaire) et faites"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><screen>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:726
#, no-wrap
msgid "dpkg -i ../foo_version-revision_arch.deb\n"
msgstr "dpkg -i ../foo_version-revision_arch.deb\n"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:729
msgid "to install the newly-built package(s)."
msgstr "pour installer le nouveau paquet."

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><title>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:733
msgid "How do I create Debian packages myself?"
msgstr "Comment est-ce que je crée un paquet Debian&nbsp;?"

#. type: Content of: <chapter><section><para>
#: en/pkg-basics.dbk:735
msgid ""
"For a more detailed description on this, read the New Maintainers' Guide, "
"available in the <systemitem role=\"package\">maint-guide</systemitem> "
"package or at <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#maint-"
"guide\"/>, or the Guide for Debian Maintainers, available in the <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">debmake-doc</systemitem> package or at <ulink url=\"https://"
"www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#debmake-doc\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Pour une description plus détaillée, lisez le « guide des nouveaux "
"responsables Debian », disponible dans le paquet <systemitem "
"role=\"package\">maint-guide</systemitem> ou le guide pour les responsables "
"Debian à l'adresse <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/doc/devel-"
"manualsdebmake-doc\"/>."