File: zh-tw.po

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debian-reference 2.76
  • links: PTS, VCS
  • area: main
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  • size: 27,868 kB
  • sloc: xml: 35,664; python: 3,871; makefile: 378; sh: 328; sed: 80
file content (53962 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 2,465,894 bytes parent folder | download 
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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-03-18 22:31+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-03-31 13:01+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Anthony Wong <yp@anthonywong.net>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese (Traditional) <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/"
"debian-reference/translations/zh_Hant/>\n"
"Language: zh-tw\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.20-dev\n"

#. type: Content of the timesnewroman entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_New_Roman"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_New_Roman"

#. type: Content of the abi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/應用二進制接口"

#. type: Content of the abriefhistoryofdebian entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/"

#. type: Content of the acpi entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/高級配置與電源接口"

#. type: Content of the advancedlinuxsouarchitecturealsa entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALSA"

#. type: Content of the afireresistantsafe entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe"

#. type: Content of the agp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGP"

#. type: Content of the aliotharchive entity
msgid "https://alioth-archive.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://alioth-archive.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the almquistshell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell"

#. type: Content of the altgrkey entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr_key"
msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr_key"

#. type: Content of the amanda entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Advanced_Maryland_Automatic_Network_Disk_Archiver"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda"

#. type: Content of the ascii entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII"

#. type: Content of the amigaos entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS"

#. type: Content of the ansiescapecode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/轉義序列"

#. type: Content of the antispamtechniques entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-spam_techniques"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/反垃圾郵件技術"

#. type: Content of the theapachesoftwarefoundation entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache軟件基金會"

#. type: Content of the apm entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/高級電源管理"

#. type: Content of the applebonjourapplerendezvous entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonjour"

#. type: Content of the arial entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arial"

#. type: Content of the arp entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the articlesondebianwiki entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/DebugPackage"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/DebianKernel"

#. type: Content of the asciidoc entity
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msgstr "http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=asciidoc"

#. type: Content of the asimpleguidetolatexlyx entity
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msgstr "http://www.stat.rice.edu/~helpdesk/howto/lyxguide.html"

#. type: Content of the asynchronoustransfermode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/異步傳輸模式"

#. type: Content of the atp entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleTalk"

#. type: Content of the planj entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs"

#. type: Content of the atutorialintroductiontogit entity
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html"
msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html"

#. type: Content of the atutorialintrodutiontogitparttwo entity
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial-2.html"
msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial-2.html"

#. type: Content of the autoconf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoconf"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoconf"

#. type: Content of the avahi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avahi_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avahi_(software)"

#. type: Content of the awk entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK"

#. type: Content of the httpbackportsdebianorg entity
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msgstr "http://backports.debian.org"

#. type: Content of the backuppc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuppc"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuppc"

#. type: Content of the bacula entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacula"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacula"

#. type: Content of the badsideeffectswithjava entity
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msgstr "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=83376"

#. type: Content of the basege entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64"

#. type: Content of the basesystem entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.7"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.7"

#. type: Content of the bash entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Bash"

#. type: Content of the bazaar entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar_(software)"

#. type: Content of the berkeleycsh entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_shell"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_shell"

#. type: Content of the berkeleydb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB"

#. type: Content of the bigf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5"

#. type: Content of the bind entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND"

#. type: Content of the binhex entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BinHex"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BinHex"

#. type: Content of the bios entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS"

#. type: Content of the bitstreamvera entity
msgid "http://www.gnome.org/fonts/"
msgstr "http://www.gnome.org/fonts/"

#. type: Content of the bittorrent entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(協議)"

#. type: Content of the bochs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochs"

#. type: Content of the bootloader entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_loader"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_loader"

#. type: Content of the bootstrapprocesses entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting"

#. type: Content of the bounceaddress entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_address"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_address"

#. type: Content of the broadband entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband"

#. type: Content of the bsdlike entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution"

#. type: Content of the lineprinterdaemon entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol"

#. type: Content of the btrfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs"

#. type: Content of the btsofnetworkmanager entity
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=network-manager"
msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=network-manager"

#. type: Content of the btsofwicd entity
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=wicd"
msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?package=wicd"

#. type: Content of the bugebbbcd entity
msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/411123"
msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/411123"

#. type: Content of the bugebbcia entity
msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/411280"
msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/411280"

#. type: Content of the bugfbejda entity
msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/514930"
msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/514930"

#. type: Content of the bugfhadhh entity
msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/570377"
msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/570377"

#. type: Content of the bugfjeeja entity
msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/594490"
msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/594490"

#. type: Content of the bughbjgcb entity
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/719621"
msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/719621"

#. type: Content of the burrowswheelerblrtingcompression entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows-Wheeler_transform"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows-Wheeler_transform"

#. type: Content of the cachingdata entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache"

#. type: Content of the cardbus entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_Card#CardBus"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_Card#CardBus"

#. type: Content of the cdrkit entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit"

#. type: Content of the cdromdvd entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/CD/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/CD/"

#. type: Content of the commongatewayinterface entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface"

#. type: Content of the chainloading entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading"

#. type: Content of the chap entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-handshake_authentication_protocol"
msgstr ""
"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-handshake_authentication_protocol"

#. type: Content of the characterencoding entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding"

#. type: Content of the chromium entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium"

#. type: Content of the chroot entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot"

#. type: Content of the cprogramminglanguage entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)"

#. type: Content of the cjk entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters"

#. type: Content of the cloop entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloop"

#. type: Content of the codeexamplesofcrgjjbottlesofbeer entity
msgid "http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/"
msgstr "http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/"

#. type: Content of the codename entity
msgid ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources."
"html#codenames"
msgstr ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources."
"html#codenames"

#. type: Content of the codenamestableupdates entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110215"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110215"

#. type: Content of the codepage entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page"

#. type: Content of the codesetalwayssettoutfi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeset"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeset"

#. type: Content of the commandlineinterfacecli entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface"

#. type: Content of the commandlineprintingandoptions entity
msgid "http://localhost:631/help/options.html"
msgstr "http://localhost:631/help/options.html"

#. type: Content of the commonunixprintingsystem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System"

#. type: Content of the comparisonofplatmvirtualmachines entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines"

#. type: Content of the composekey entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compose_key"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compose_key"

#. type: Content of the comprehensivelist entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/DebianRepository/Setup"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/DebianRepository/Setup"

#. type: Content of the computerdatastoragemedia entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage"

#. type: Content of the computerfonts entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_font"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_font"

#. type: Content of the couriernew entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)"

#. type: Content of the cpbcfb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1251"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1251"

#. type: Content of the cpbcfc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252"

#. type: Content of the cpedh entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_437"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_437"

#. type: Content of the cpifa entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_850"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_850"

#. type: Content of the cpjdc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_932"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_932"

#. type: Content of the cpjdg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_936"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_936"

#. type: Content of the cpjej entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_949"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_949"

#. type: Content of the cpjfa entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_950"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page_950"

#. type: Content of the cpld entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device"

#. type: Content of the cpm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M"

#. type: Content of the crmbbe entity
msgid "http://crm114.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr "http://crm114.sourceforge.net/"

#. type: Content of the cssc entity
msgid "http://cssc.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr "http://cssc.sourceforge.net/"

#. type: Content of the cstandardlibrary entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_standard_library"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_standard_library"

#. type: Content of the cvs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System"

#. type: Content of the daemon entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)"

#. type: Content of the darcs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcs"

#. type: Content of the dbus entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus"

#. type: Content of the ddnspageonthedebianwiki entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/DDNS"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/DDNS"

#. type: Content of the deadkey entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_key"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_key"

#. type: Content of the debianbtsgfjcga entity
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/659260"
msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/659260"

#. type: Content of the debianbugtrackingsystembts entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/Bugs/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/Bugs/"

#. type: Content of the debiandebug entity
msgid "http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug"
msgstr "http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug"

#. type: Content of the debiandevelopersreference entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/"

#. type: Content of the debiandevelopersthedebianarchive entity
msgid ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources."
"html#archive"
msgstr ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/resources."
"html#archive"

#. type: Content of the debiandocumentationprojectddp entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/ddp"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/ddp"

#. type: Content of the debianfaqgcbwhiceenusedinthepast entity
msgid ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-oldcodenames"
msgstr ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives#s-oldcodenames"

#. type: Content of the debianfaq entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/"

#. type: Content of the dfsg entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines"

#. type: Content of the debiangnulinuxguallationandusage entity
msgid "http://archive.debian.net/woody/debian-guide"
msgstr "http://archive.debian.net/woody/debian-guide"

#. type: Content of the debiangnulinuxinenttestingsystem entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/releases/testing/installmanual"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/releases/testing/installmanual"

#. type: Content of the installdebian entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual"

#. type: Content of the httpswwwdebianorg entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org"

#. type: Content of the debianinstallercds entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/"

#. type: Content of the debianinstaller entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian-Installer"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian-Installer"

#. type: Content of the thedebianinstaller entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/"

#. type: Content of the debianinstallersmallcds entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst"

#. type: Content of the debiankernel entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/DebianKernel"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/DebianKernel"

#. type: Content of the debianleadershiphistory entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-leaders"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-leaders"

#. type: Content of the debianmenusystem entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/menu.html/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/menu.html/"

#. type: Content of the debiannewmaintainersguide entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/"

#. type: Content of the debianpolicymanual entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/"

#. type: Content of the debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive"

#. type: Content of the debianreference entity
msgid ""
"http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=debian-reference&amp;"
"searchon=sourcenames&amp;exact=1&amp;suite=all&amp;section=all"
msgstr ""
"http://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=debian-referenceamp;"
"searchon=sourcenamesamp;exact=1amp;suite=allamp;section=all"

#. type: Content of the debianreferenceversiondrversion entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/"

#. type: Content of the debiansalsaservice entity
msgid "https://salsa.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://salsa.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the debiansecurityfaq entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/security/faq"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/security/faq"

#. type: Content of the debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/social_contract"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/social_contract"

#. type: Content of the several entity
msgid ""
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2008/12/msg00019."
"html"
msgstr ""
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2008/12/msg00019."
"html"

#. type: Content of the debiantutorial entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-tutorial/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-tutorial/"

#. type: Content of the debianwikibootprocessspeedup entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/BootProcessSpeedup"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/BootProcessSpeedup"

#. type: Content of the debianwikicontentsonbacktrace entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/HowToGetABacktrace"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/HowToGetABacktrace"

#. type: Content of the debianwikiqemu entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/QEMU"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/QEMU"

#. type: Content of the debtags entity
msgid "https://debtags.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://debtags.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the debugger entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger"

#. type: Content of the dejavu entity
msgid "http://dejavu-fonts.org"
msgstr "http://dejavu-fonts.org"

#. type: Content of the designruleforcamerafilesystem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rule_for_Camera_File_system"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rule_for_Camera_File_system"

#. type: Content of the desktopapplicatiartspecification entity
msgid ""
"http://standards.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html"
msgstr ""
"http://standards.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html"

#. type: Content of the desktopentryspecification entity
msgid ""
"http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-"
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msgstr ""
"http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-"
"latest.html"

#. type: Content of the desktopenvironment entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment"

#. type: Content of the devicefiles entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_file"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_file"

#. type: Content of the devicemapper entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_mapper"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_mapper"

#. type: Content of the dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the digitalsignaturealgorithm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm"

#. type: Content of the dillo entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillo"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillo"

#. type: Content of the directories entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_(file_systems)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_(file_systems)"

#. type: Content of the diskpartitioning entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning"

#. type: Content of the divx entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivX"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivX"

#. type: Content of the dmcrypto entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dm-crypt"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dm-crypt"

#. type: Content of the dmg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image"

#. type: Content of the internetdomainnamesystemdns entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System"

#. type: Content of the docbook entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook"

#. type: Content of the documentstylesemionlanguagedsssl entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language"
msgstr ""
"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
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#. type: Content of the domainbasedmessaconformancedmarc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARC"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARC"

#. type: Content of the domainkeysidentifiedmail entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail"

#. type: Content of the dosbox entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSBox"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSBox"

#. type: Content of the dosemu entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSEMU"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOSEMU"

#. type: Content of the drm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Rendering_Manager"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Rendering_Manager"

#. type: Content of the dsabfhbb entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571"

#. type: Content of the dynamicdns entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS"

#. type: Content of the dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support"

#. type: Content of the ecryptfs entity
msgid "http://ecryptfs.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr "http://ecryptfs.sourceforge.net/"

#. type: Content of the elinks entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELinks"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELinks"

#. type: Content of the elsewhereontheweb entity
msgid "http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbtoc.html"
msgstr "http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbtoc.html"

#. type: Content of the emacs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs"

#. type: Content of the emailclient entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_client"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_client"

#. type: Content of the emailfiltering entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_filtering"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_filtering"

#. type: Content of the email entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email"

#. type: Content of the emulation entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator"

#. type: Content of the enlightenment entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi"

#. type: Content of the environmentvariables entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable"

#. type: Content of the epiphany entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(browser)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(browser)"

#. type: Content of the epwing entity
msgid "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPWING"
msgstr "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPWING"

#. type: Content of the essentialpackages entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.8"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-binary#s3.8"

#. type: Content of the eucjp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code"

#. type: Content of the euckr entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-KR"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-KR"

#. type: Content of the everydaygitwithcacommandsorso entity
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/everyday.html"
msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/everyday.html"

#. type: Content of the exchangeableimagefileformat entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format"

#. type: Content of the exim entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exim"

#. type: Content of the expansionofgenerleveldomainsgtld entity
msgid "http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings"
msgstr "http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings"

#. type: Content of the expresscard entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExpressCard"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExpressCard"

#. type: Content of the extc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2"

#. type: Content of the extd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3"

#. type: Content of the exte entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4"

#. type: Content of the extendedbinarycolinterchangecode entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code"
msgstr ""
"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code"

#. type: Content of the extensiblefirmwareinterfaceefi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface"

#. type: Content of the extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Transformations"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Transformations"

#. type: Content of the extensiblestylestingobjectsxslfo entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects"

#. type: Content of the fairuse entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use"

#. type: Content of the vfatfilesystem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table"

#. type: Content of the faviconico entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon"

#. type: Content of the fedora entity
msgid "http://fedoraproject.org/"
msgstr "http://fedoraproject.org/"

#. type: Content of the filelocking entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking"

#. type: Content of the files entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_file"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_file"

#. type: Content of the filesystemhierarchystandard entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard"

#. type: Content of the filesystem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system"

#. type: Content of the filesystempermissions entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions"

#. type: Content of the filesystemshowto entity
msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html"
msgstr "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Filesystems-HOWTO.html"

#. type: Content of the firefoxesr entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox#Extended_Support_Release"
msgstr ""
"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox#.E5.BB.B6.E9.95.B7.E6.94.AF.E6.8F.B4."
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#. type: Content of the firefox entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox"

#. type: Content of the flash entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash"

#. type: Content of the flex entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex_lexical_analyser"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flex_lexical_analyser"

#. type: Content of the fltk entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLTK"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLTK"

#. type: Content of the fluxbox entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxbox"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxbox"

#. type: Content of the fontconfig entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontconfig"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontconfig"

#. type: Content of the freelibreopensourcefloss entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software"

#. type: Content of the fpga entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPGA"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPGA"

#. type: Content of the freebsd entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD"

#. type: Content of the freedesktoporg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org"

#. type: Content of the freedesktoporg entity
msgid "http://www.freedesktop.org/"
msgstr "http://www.freedesktop.org/"

#. type: Content of the freedesktoporgmenu entity
msgid "http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/menu-spec/"
msgstr "http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/menu-spec/"

#. type: Content of the freedos entity
msgid "http://www.freedos.org/"
msgstr "http://www.freedos.org/"

#. type: Content of the freetype entity
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msgstr "http://freetype.sourceforge.net/index.html"

#. type: Content of the ftp entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN"

#. type: Content of the fuse entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace"

#. type: Content of the gbbiada entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB18030"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB18030"

#. type: Content of the gbcdbc entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB2312"

#. type: Content of the gbk entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK"

#. type: Content of the generateencrypteasswordswithsalt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography)"

#. type: Content of the getmaildocumentation entity
msgid "http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/documentation.html"
msgstr "http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/documentation.html"

#. type: Content of the thegplghostscripptpdfinterpreter entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript"

#. type: Content of the gitforcvsusers entity
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitcvs-migration.html"
msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitcvs-migration.html"

#. type: Content of the git entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)"

#. type: Content of the gitmagic entity
msgid "http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/"
msgstr "http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/"

#. type: Content of the gitsvncrashcourse entity
msgid "http://git-scm.com/course/svn.html"
msgstr "http://git-scm.com/course/svn.html"

#. type: Content of the gitusersmanual entity
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html"
msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html"

#. type: Content of the glyphs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph"

#. type: Content of the gnome entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME"

#. type: Content of the gnuarch entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_arch"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_arch"

#. type: Content of the gnufreedocumentationlicense entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License"

#. type: Content of the gnufreefont entity
msgid "http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/freefont/"
msgstr "http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/freefont/"

#. type: Content of the gnugettextbcommandtoolchain entity
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msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettext"

#. type: Content of the gnu entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU"

#. type: Content of the gnulalrparsergenerator entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_bison"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_bison"

#. type: Content of the gnuprivacyguard entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard"

#. type: Content of the gnutexmacs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs"

#. type: Content of the gnuunifont entity
msgid "http://Unifoundry.com"
msgstr "http://Unifoundry.com"

#. type: Content of the strongpassword entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"

#. type: Content of the google entity
msgid "https://www.google.com"
msgstr "https://www.google.com"

#. type: Content of the guidpartitiontablegpt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table"

#. type: Content of the gpu entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit"

#. type: Content of the gui entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface"

#. type: Content of the graphicsinterchangeformatgif entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format"

#. type: Content of the gridfittingandhinting entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinting"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinting"

#. type: Content of the grublegacy entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB"

#. type: Content of the gstreamer entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GStreamer"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GStreamer"

#. type: Content of the guidefordebianmaintainers entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/"

#. type: Content of the hanunification entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification"

#. type: Content of the hanzibitmapfonthbffile entity
msgid "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/info/HBF-1.1/"
msgstr "http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/info/HBF-1.1/"

#. type: Content of the harddiskdrive entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive"

#. type: Content of the hardlink entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_link"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_link"

#. type: Content of the hardwareassistedvirtualization entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization"

#. type: Content of the hell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka"

#. type: Content of the helvetica entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetica"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetica"

#. type: Content of the hexadecimal entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal"

#. type: Content of the hfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System"

#. type: Content of the hfsplus entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS_Plus"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS_Plus"

#. type: Content of the hig entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interface_guidelines"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interface_guidelines"

#. type: Content of the hostname entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname"

#. type: Content of the html entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML"

#. type: Content of the thedebianbugtrackingsystembts entity
msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the httpcookies entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie"

#. type: Content of the thedebianarchive entity
msgid "http://deb.debian.org/debian/"
msgstr "http://deb.debian.org/debian/"

#. type: Content of the httpdickeyhiscomtermxtermfaqhtml entity
msgid "http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.faq.html"
msgstr "http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.faq.html"

#. type: Content of the hypertexttransferprotocol entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the httplocalhostgdb entity
msgid "http://localhost:631/"
msgstr "http://localhost:631/"

#. type: Content of the httpsecuritydebianorg entity
msgid "http://security.debian.org/"
msgstr "http://security.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the https entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Https"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Https"

#. type: Content of the httpskernelhandbookdebiannet entity
msgid "https://kernel-handbook.debian.net"
msgstr "https://kernel-handbook.debian.net"

#. type: Content of the httpspackagesdebianorg entity
msgid "https://packages.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://packages.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the httpssnapshotdebianorg entity
msgid "https://snapshot.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://snapshot.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the httpswikidebianorg entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the initramfs entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/initramfs"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/initramfs"

#. type: Content of the httpswikidebianorgsalsa entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/Salsa"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/Salsa"

#. type: Content of the httpswwwwikipediaorg entity
msgid "https://www.wikipedia.org/"
msgstr "https://www.wikipedia.org/"

#. type: Content of the httptldporg entity
msgid "http://tldp.org/"
msgstr "http://tldp.org/"

#. type: Content of the httptugctanorgteisttextexbooktex entity
msgid "http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex"
msgstr "http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex"

#. type: Content of the httpunifontorg entity
msgid "http://unifont.org/"
msgstr "http://unifont.org/"

#. type: Content of the httpwikidebianoremvirtualization entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/SystemVirtualization"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/SystemVirtualization"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwchiarkgreguksgtathamputty entity
msgid "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/"
msgstr "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwcygwincom entity
msgid "http://www.cygwin.com/"
msgstr "http://www.cygwin.com/"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwgooglecomutfiqcgitutorial entity
msgid "http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=CGI+tutorial"
msgstr "http://www.google.com/search?hl=enamp;ie=UTF-8amp;q=CGI+tutorial"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwgreenendokcaabaeshellhtml entity
msgid "http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2001/04/shell.html"
msgstr "http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2001/04/shell.html"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwmacsshcom entity
msgid "http://www.macssh.com/"
msgstr "http://www.macssh.com/"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation entity
msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/"
msgstr "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/"

#. type: Content of the httpwwwunixorg entity
msgid "http://www.unix.org/"
msgstr "http://www.unix.org/"

#. type: Content of the hzip entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Zip"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Zip"

#. type: Content of the ieeeiacbb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11"

#. type: Content of the ibmmainframe entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe"

#. type: Content of the ibus entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus"

#. type: Content of the ieeebdjefirewire entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394"

#. type: Content of the internetmessageaccessprotocol entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags entity
msgid "https://debtags.debian.org/getting-started/"
msgstr "https://debtags.debian.org/getting-started/"

#. type: Content of the incoming entity
msgid "http://incoming.debian.org/"
msgstr "http://incoming.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the infozip entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info-ZIP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info-ZIP"

#. type: Content of the init entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init"

#. type: Content of the initrdinitramfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd"

#. type: Content of the inode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode"

#. type: Content of the inputmethods entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_method"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_method"

#. type: Content of the integratingmswinetworkswithsamba entity
msgid ""
"http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/integrate-ms-"
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msgstr ""
"http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/integrate-ms-"
"networks.html"

#. type: Content of the internetprintingprotocol entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Printing_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Printing_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the introductiontoibin entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/"

#. type: Content of the ipaddress entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address"

#. type: Content of the ip entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the linuxiproutec entity
msgid ""
"http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2"
msgstr ""
"http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2"

#. type: Content of the iproutecutilitysuitehowto entity
msgid "http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html"
msgstr "http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html"

#. type: Content of the ipvenetwork entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4"

#. type: Content of the irix entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIX"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIX"

#. type: Content of the isc entity
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium"
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium"

#. type: Content of the isdumpreallydeprecated entity
msgid "http://dump.sourceforge.net/isdumpdeprecated.html"
msgstr "http://dump.sourceforge.net/isdumpdeprecated.html"

#. type: Content of the isoieccaccalsoknownasjisxacac entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022"

#. type: Content of the isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-3"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-3"

#. type: Content of the isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639"

#. type: Content of the isoigab entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601"

#. type: Content of the isoiifjbf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15"

#. type: Content of the isoiifjb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1"

#. type: Content of the isoiifjc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2"

#. type: Content of the isoiifj entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859"

#. type: Content of the isojgga entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660"

#. type: Content of the syslinux entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX"

#. type: Content of the isp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP"

#. type: Content of the jackaudioconnectionkitjack entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit"

#. type: Content of the javaprograminglanguage entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Java"

#. type: Content of the javascript entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript"

#. type: Content of the javasoftwareplatform entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(software_platform)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(software_platform)"

#. type: Content of the jfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_(file_system)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_(file_system)"

#. type: Content of the jisxacbd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213"

#. type: Content of the jisxeaib entity
msgid "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_4081"
msgstr "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_4081"

#. type: Content of the jpeg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG"

#. type: Content of the karmic entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma"

#. type: Content of the kde entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE"

#. type: Content of the kernelfaq entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/KernelFAQ"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/KernelFAQ"

#. type: Content of the kibibyte entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte"

#. type: Content of the kisskeepitsimplestupid entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle"

#. type: Content of the kms entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/KernelModesetting"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/KernelModesetting"

#. type: Content of the koiir entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOI8-R"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOI8-R"

#. type: Content of the konqueror entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konqueror"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konqueror"

#. type: Content of the kornshell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn_shell"

#. type: Content of the kvm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine"

#. type: Content of the lalrparser entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LALR_parser"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LALR_parser"

#. type: Content of the localareanetworkslans entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network"

#. type: Content of the latex entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX"

#. type: Content of the lba entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_block_addressing"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_block_addressing"

#. type: Content of the lightweightdireccessprotocolldap entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the lex entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_programming_tool"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_programming_tool"

#. type: Content of the lexicalanalyzer entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis"

#. type: Content of the liberationfontsproject entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts"

#. type: Content of the library entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computing)"

#. type: Content of the libreoffice entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibreOffice"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibreOffice"

#. type: Content of the libvirt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt"

#. type: Content of the lilo entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILO_(boot_loader)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILO_(boot_loader)"

#. type: Content of the links entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_(web_browser)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_(web_browser)"

#. type: Content of the lint entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_programming_tool"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_programming_tool"

#. type: Content of the linuxcenathowto entity
msgid "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO.html"
msgstr "http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO.html"

#. type: Content of the linuxcepacketfilteringhowto entity
msgid ""
"http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/packet-filtering-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""
"http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/packet-filtering-HOWTO.html"

#. type: Content of the linuxcontainers entity
msgid "http://lxc.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr "http://lxc.sourceforge.net/"

#. type: Content of the linux entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"

#. type: Content of the linuxkernel entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel"

#. type: Content of the linuxnetworkadministratorsguide entity
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/nag2/"
msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/nag2/"

#. type: Content of the linuxnetworkingconceptshowto entity
msgid ""
"http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/networking-concepts-HOWTO.html"
msgstr ""
"http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/networking-concepts-HOWTO.html"

#. type: Content of the linuxnfshowto entity
msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/index.html"
msgstr "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/index.html"

#. type: Content of the linuxstandardbase entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base"

#. type: Content of the linuxterminalserverproject entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project"

#. type: Content of the linuxusersguide entity
msgid ""
"http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide/user-"
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msgstr ""
"http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide/user-"
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#. type: Content of the livecds entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_CD"

#. type: Content of the loadlin entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadlin"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadlin"

#. type: Content of the locale entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale"

#. type: Content of the local entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local"

#. type: Content of the localuserguidetotetexlatex entity
msgid ""
"http://supportweb.cs.bham.ac.uk/documentation/LaTeX/lguide/local-guide/local-"
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msgstr ""
"http://supportweb.cs.bham.ac.uk/documentation/LaTeX/lguide/local-guide/local-"
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#. type: Content of the lvm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)"

#. type: Content of the logind entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#logind"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#logind"

#. type: Content of the loopdevice entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_device"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_device"

#. type: Content of the lrparser entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LR_parser"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LR_parser"

#. type: Content of the luks entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup"

#. type: Content of the lxde entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXDE"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXDE"

#. type: Content of the lynx entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)"

#. type: Content of the lyx entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyx"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyx"

#. type: Content of the lzhh entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78"

#. type: Content of the lzma entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Markov_chain_algorithm"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Markov_chain_algorithm"

#. type: Content of the lzo entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer"

#. type: Content of the macaddress entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address"

#. type: Content of the maciacbbapioflinux entity
msgid "http://linuxwireless.org/"
msgstr "http://linuxwireless.org/"

#. type: Content of the macro entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)"

#. type: Content of the mailaddressconfieryanduseragents entity
msgid ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs#s-mail-"
"transport-agents"
msgstr ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs#s-mail-"
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#. type: Content of the qmailstylemaildir entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildir"

#. type: Content of the maildropfilterdocumentation entity
msgid "http://www.courier-mta.org/maildrop/maildropfilter.html"
msgstr "http://www.courier-mta.org/maildrop/maildropfilter.html"

#. type: Content of the mailheaderanalysis entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/DefaultMTA"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/DefaultMTA"

#. type: Content of the make entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)"

#. type: Content of the managingaccuratedateandtimehowto entity
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TimePrecision-HOWTO/index.html"
msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TimePrecision-HOWTO/index.html"

#. type: Content of the mandatoryaccesscontrolmac entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control"

#. type: Content of the manpagegitb entity
msgid "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git.html"
msgstr "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git.html"

#. type: Content of the manyremotemirrorsites entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/mirror/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/mirror/"

#. type: Content of the mariadb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MariaDB"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MariaDB"

#. type: Content of the mbr entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record"

#. type: Content of the maximumsegmentsize entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_segment_size"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_segment_size"

#. type: Content of the maximumtransmissionunitmtu entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit"

#. type: Content of the mbrbyneilturton entity
msgid "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/"
msgstr "http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/"

#. type: Content of the mda entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_delivery_agent"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_delivery_agent"

#. type: Content of the mdf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5"

#. type: Content of the memtpdocumentation entity
msgid "http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/doc/msmtp.html"
msgstr "http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/doc/msmtp.html"

#. type: Content of the mercurial entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurial_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurial_(software)"

#. type: Content of the metalink entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalink"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalink"

#. type: Content of the microcode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode"

#. type: Content of the microsoftwindows entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows"

#. type: Content of the midnightcommandermc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander"

#. type: Content of the multipurposeinteilextensionsmime entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME"

#. type: Content of the minixfilesystem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix_file_system"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix_file_system"

#. type: Content of the modem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem"

#. type: Content of the mondorescue entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_Rescue"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo_Rescue"

#. type: Content of the monotone entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone_(software)"

#. type: Content of the mozilla entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Mozilla"

#. type: Content of the mozillathunderbird entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"

#. type: Content of the mpdmpd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3"

#. type: Content of the mpegc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2"

#. type: Content of the mpege entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4"

#. type: Content of the mpeg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1"

#. type: Content of the msdos entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS"

#. type: Content of the msmtp entity
msgid "http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/"
msgstr "http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/"

#. type: Content of the mswindowsiconsanndfrompngformats entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(icon_image_file_format)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(icon_image_file_format)"

#. type: Content of the mswindowsnt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT"

#. type: Content of the mta entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_transfer_agent"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_transfer_agent"

#. type: Content of the multiarch entity
msgid "https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch"
msgstr "https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch"

#. type: Content of the multilingualizatelanguagesupport entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization"

#. type: Content of the multitasking entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking"

#. type: Content of the multiuser entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user"

#. type: Content of the mutt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(e-mail_client)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Mutt"

#. type: Content of the myaccountbgmailcom entity
msgid "mailto:myaccount1@gmail.com"
msgstr "mailto:myaccount1@gmail.com"

#. type: Content of the myaccountcgmailcom entity
msgid "mailto:myaccount2@gmail.com"
msgstr "mailto:myaccount2@gmail.com"

#. type: Content of the myaccountdexampleorg entity
msgid "mailto:myaccount3@example.org"
msgstr "mailto:myaccount3@example.org"

#. type: Content of the namecollision entity
msgid "http://icannwiki.com/Name_Collision"
msgstr "http://icannwiki.com/Name_Collision"

#. type: Content of the namedpipe entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named_pipe"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named_pipe"

#. type: Content of the netbiosovertcpip entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBIOS_over_TCP/IP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBIOS_over_TCP/IP"

#. type: Content of the netfilteriptables entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfilter"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfilter"

#. type: Content of the nettools entity
msgid ""
"http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/net-tools"
msgstr ""
"http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/net-tools"

#. type: Content of the networkaddresstranslationnat entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation"

#. type: Content of the networkaudiosystemnas entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Audio_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Audio_System"

#. type: Content of the networkblockdevice entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_block_device"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_block_device"

#. type: Content of the networkd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#networkd"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd#networkd"

#. type: Content of the networkfirewall entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall"

#. type: Content of the networkmanagernm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager"

#. type: Content of the newbie entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbie"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbie"

#. type: Content of the nfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)"

#. type: Content of the nirvana entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana"

#. type: Content of the nis entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIS+"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIS+"

#. type: Content of the nisoriginallycalledyp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Information_Service"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Information_Service"

#. type: Content of the nmap entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmap"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nmap"

#. type: Content of the normaldebianarchives entity
msgid "http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/"
msgstr "http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/"

#. type: Content of the nouveau entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_(software)"

#. type: Content of the nssnameserviceswitch entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch"

#. type: Content of the ntfsdg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G"

#. type: Content of the ntfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS"

#. type: Content of the ntp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the ntppublicservicesproject entity
msgid "http://www.ntp.org/"
msgstr "http://www.ntp.org/"

#. type: Content of the nullterminated entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character"

#. type: Content of the ocaml entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_Caml"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_Caml"

#. type: Content of the ocr entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition"

#. type: Content of the octal entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal"

#. type: Content of the oggvorbis entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis"

#. type: Content of the onceunbrandedmozilla entity
msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=354622"
msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=354622"

#. type: Content of the openbsd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD"

#. type: Content of the openldapsoftware entity
msgid "http://www.openldap.org/"
msgstr "http://www.openldap.org/"

#. type: Content of the openpgppublickeyserver entity
msgid "http://sourceforge.net/projects/pks/"
msgstr "http://sourceforge.net/projects/pks/"

#. type: Content of the opensoundsystemoss entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System"

#. type: Content of the openssh entity
msgid "http://www.openssh.org/"
msgstr "http://www.openssh.org/"

#. type: Content of the opentype entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenType"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenType"

#. type: Content of the openvms entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMS"

#. type: Content of the openvz entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ"

#. type: Content of the opticaldiscdrive entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_drive"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_drive"

#. type: Content of the optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections entity
msgid "http://www.mynetwatchman.com/kb/ADSL/pppoemtu.htm"
msgstr "http://www.mynetwatchman.com/kb/ADSL/pppoemtu.htm"

#. type: Content of the othergitresourcevailableontheweb entity
msgid "http://git-scm.com/documentation"
msgstr "http://git-scm.com/documentation"

#. type: Content of the overlayfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverlayFS"
msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverlayFS"

#. type: Content of the overviewoffathpfdntfsfilesystems entity
msgid "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100108/"
msgstr "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100108/"

#. type: Content of the pagecache entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_cache"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_cache"

#. type: Content of the pampluggableauthnticationmodules entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules"

#. type: Content of the pap entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_authentication_protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_authentication_protocol"

#. type: Content of the parallels entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstation"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstation"

#. type: Content of the passwordcracking entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking"

#. type: Content of the pathmtupmtudiscovery entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_MTU_discovery"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_MTU_discovery"

#. type: Content of the pccard entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_card"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_card"

#. type: Content of the pciexpress entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express"

#. type: Content of the pci entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect"

#. type: Content of the portabledocumentformatpdf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format"

#. type: Content of the perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Compatible_Regular_Expressions"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Compatible_Regular_Expressions"

#. type: Content of the perlgolf entity
msgid "http://perlgolf.sourceforge.net"
msgstr "http://perlgolf.sourceforge.net"

#. type: Content of the perl entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl"

#. type: Content of the phonon entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE)"

#. type: Content of the php entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"

#. type: Content of the pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_tunneling_protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_tunneling_protocol"

#. type: Content of the policykit entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolicyKit"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolicyKit"

#. type: Content of the popcon entity
msgid "http://popcon.debian.org/"
msgstr "http://popcon.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the popd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the posix entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX"

#. type: Content of the postfixdocumentation entity
msgid "http://www.postfix.org/documentation.html"
msgstr "http://www.postfix.org/documentation.html"

#. type: Content of the postfix entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)"

#. type: Content of the postgresql entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL"

#. type: Content of the postpoweronselftest entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test"

#. type: Content of the ps entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript"

#. type: Content of the pots entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service"

#. type: Content of the ppp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the pppoe entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol_over_Ethernet"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol_over_Ethernet"

#. type: Content of the predictablenetworkinterfacenames entity
msgid ""
"https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/"
"PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames/"
msgstr ""
"https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/"
"PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames/"

#. type: Content of the priorities entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-priorities"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-priorities"

#. type: Content of the procfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs"

#. type: Content of the proxyserver entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server"

#. type: Content of the pseudotopleveldomain entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-top-level_domain"

#. type: Content of the pulseaudio entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio"

#. type: Content of the python entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)"

#. type: Content of the qcowcqcow entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qcow"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qcow"

#. type: Content of the qemu entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU"

#. type: Content of the qt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit)"

#. type: Content of the quicktimemov entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickTime"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickTime"

#. type: Content of the quotedprintable entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable"

#. type: Content of the racecondition entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition"

#. type: Content of the radix entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix"

#. type: Content of the raid entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID"

#. type: Content of the rcshell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rc"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rc"

#. type: Content of the rcs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_Control_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_Control_System"

#. type: Content of the readonlymemoryrom entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory"

#. type: Content of the reasons entity
msgid ""
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2010/01/msg00000."
"html"
msgstr ""
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-testing-security-announce/2010/01/msg00000."
"html"

#. type: Content of the regularexpressions entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"

#. type: Content of the reisere entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4"

#. type: Content of the reiserfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiserfs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiserfs"

#. type: Content of the releasenotes entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes"

#. type: Content of the rfcbbjb entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1191"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1191"

#. type: Content of the rfcbdcb entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321"

#. type: Content of the rfcbjbi entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918"

#. type: Content of the rfcbjdj entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939"

#. type: Content of the rfccaef entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045"

#. type: Content of the rfccdjg entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396"

#. type: Content of the rfcceej entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2449"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2449"

#. type: Content of the rfccgbg entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616"

#. type: Content of the rfccicb entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2821"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2821"

#. type: Content of the rfcciccupdatedrfcicc entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822"

#. type: Content of the rfcdfab entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501"

#. type: Content of the rfceeaj entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4409"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4409"

#. type: Content of the rfcejfe entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954"

#. type: Content of the rfcibj entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc819"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc819"

#. type: Content of the rfcicb entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821"

#. type: Content of the rfcicc entity
msgid "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822"
msgstr "http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822"

#. type: Content of the rfcs entity
msgid "http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html"
msgstr "http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html"

#. type: Content of the roff entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roff"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roff"

#. type: Content of the rootkit entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit"

#. type: Content of the rtbb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11"

#. type: Content of the rtfmreadthefinemanual entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTFM"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTFM"

#. type: Content of the ruby entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)"

#. type: Content of the secureattentionkeysak entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_attention_key"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_attention_key"

#. type: Content of the salsa entity
msgid "https://salsa.debian.org"
msgstr "https://salsa.debian.org"

#. type: Content of the samba entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)"

#. type: Content of the svgscalablevectorgraphics entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics"

#. type: Content of the scim entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Common_Input_Method"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Common_Input_Method"

#. type: Content of the scribus entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribus"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribus"

#. type: Content of the scsi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI"

#. type: Content of the sections entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-subsections"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive#s-subsections"

#. type: Content of the secureapt entity
msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt"
msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt"

#. type: Content of the ssh entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell"

#. type: Content of the securingdebianmanual entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/"

#. type: Content of the securitydebianarchives entity
msgid "http://security.debian.org/dists/"
msgstr "http://security.debian.org/dists/"

#. type: Content of the securityenhancedlinuxselinux entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux"

#. type: Content of the securityupdates entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/security/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/security/"

#. type: Content of the sender_policy_frameworkspf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework"

#. type: Content of the smb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block"

#. type: Content of the servicesetidentifier entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_identifier"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_identifier"

#. type: Content of the sgml entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language"

#. type: Content of the shell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)"

#. type: Content of the shellscript entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script"

#. type: Content of the shiftjis entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS"

#. type: Content of the shorewall entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorewall"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorewall"

#. type: Content of the smart entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T."
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T."

#. type: Content of the smtpauthentication entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP_Authentication"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP_Authentication"

#. type: Content of the smtpauth entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP-AUTH"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTP-AUTH"

#. type: Content of the smtp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the smtps entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPS"

#. type: Content of the snort entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snort_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snort_(software)"

#. type: Content of the softmac entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftMAC"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftMAC"

#. type: Content of the softmodem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmodem"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmodem"

#. type: Content of the solidstatedrivessd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive"

#. type: Content of the somemailwasnotdownloaded entity
msgid ""
"http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13291&amp;topic=1555"
msgstr ""
"http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13291amp;topic=1555"

#. type: Content of the sparsefile entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file"

#. type: Content of the spoofingtheuseragentstring entity
msgid "http://www.mozilla.org/unix/customizing.html#prefs"
msgstr "http://www.mozilla.org/unix/customizing.html#prefs"

#. type: Content of the sqlite entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sqlite"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sqlite"

#. type: Content of the transportlayerseesocketslayerssl entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security"

#. type: Content of the standaloneshell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell"

#. type: Content of the standardgeneralirkuplanguagesgml entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGML"

#. type: Content of the starttls entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STARTTLS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/STARTTLS"

#. type: Content of the statefulfirewall entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall"

#. type: Content of the staticcodeanalysis entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis"

#. type: Content of the steganographic entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography"

#. type: Content of the subversion entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_(software)"

#. type: Content of the sunrpc entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call"
msgstr ""
"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call"

#. type: Content of the superserver entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-server"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-server"

#. type: Content of the superuser entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser"

#. type: Content of the swapspace entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paging"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paging"

#. type: Content of the symboliclinkorsymlink entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link"

#. type: Content of the sysfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysfs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysfs"

#. type: Content of the systemd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd"

#. type: Content of the systemvprintercommands entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V_printing_system"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_V_printing_system"

#. type: Content of the sysv entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V"

#. type: Content of the tcl entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl"

#. type: Content of the tcpdump entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump"

#. type: Content of the tcp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the tcpip entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP"

#. type: Content of the tcpipnetwork entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite"

#. type: Content of the tcptuningguide entity
msgid "http://dsd.lbl.gov/TCP-tuning/"
msgstr "http://dsd.lbl.gov/TCP-tuning/"

#. type: Content of the tcptuning entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_tuning"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_tuning"

#. type: Content of the tcpwrapper entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Wrapper"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Wrapper"

#. type: Content of the telnet entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TELNET"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TELNET"

#. type: Content of the tenexcshell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcsh"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcsh"

#. type: Content of the tex entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX"

#. type: Content of the texlive entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live"

#. type: Content of the thecablemodem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_modem"

#. type: Content of the thedebianadminisguringthenetwork entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/sect.network-config"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/sect.network-config"

#. type: Content of the thedebianadminisrkinfrastructure entity
msgid ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/network-infrastructure"
msgstr ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/network-infrastructure"

#. type: Content of the thedebianadministratorshandbook entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/"

#. type: Content of the thedebiandevelmailinglist entity
msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/"
msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/"

#. type: Content of the thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-ftparchives"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-ftparchives"

#. type: Content of the thedebianusermailinglist entity
msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/"
msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/"

#. type: Content of the thedslmodem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_modem"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_modem"

#. type: Content of the theextensiblemarkuplanguagexml entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML"

#. type: Content of the theextensiblestysheetlanguagexsl entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language"

#. type: Content of the thegoodsecuritywththeperformance entity
msgid "http://www.infodrom.org/~joey/Writing/Linux-Journal/secure-apt/"
msgstr "http://www.infodrom.org/~joey/Writing/Linux-Journal/secure-apt/"

#. type: Content of the theinternetsocket entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_socket"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_socket"

#. type: Content of the theinterprocesscommunicationipc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication"

#. type: Content of the thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg entity
msgid "http://ftp-master.debian.org/"
msgstr "http://ftp-master.debian.org/"

#. type: Content of the theldpxwindowuserhowto entity
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO.html"
msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO.html"

#. type: Content of the thelempelzivwelcsdatacompression entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Welch"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Welch"

#. type: Content of the thelinuxnisypnysnishowto entity
msgid "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NIS-HOWTO/"
msgstr "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NIS-HOWTO/"

#. type: Content of the themitsharedmemoryextension entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT-SHM"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT-SHM"

#. type: Content of the theofficialsambandreferenceguide entity
msgid "http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/"
msgstr "http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/"

#. type: Content of the theopticalnetworkterminalont entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTTP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTTP"

#. type: Content of the thepackageshortdiptionconvention entity
msgid ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/best-pkging-"
"practices#bpp-desc-basics"
msgstr ""
"https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/developers-reference/best-pkging-"
"practices#bpp-desc-basics"

#. type: Content of the thepenguinandunicode entity
msgid "http://unifont.org/iuc27/html/ICUPresentation.html"
msgstr "http://unifont.org/iuc27/html/ICUPresentation.html"

#. type: Content of the thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages entity
msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships"
msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships"

#. type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvc entity
msgid "http://www.unix.org/version2/"
msgstr "http://www.unix.org/version2/"

#. type: Content of the thesingleunixspecificationsvd entity
msgid "http://www.unix.org/version3/"
msgstr "http://www.unix.org/version3/"

#. type: Content of the thetetexhowtothextetexlocalguide entity
msgid "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TeTeX-HOWTO.html"
msgstr "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/TeTeX-HOWTO.html"

#. type: Content of the theubuntuarchive entity
msgid "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/"
msgstr "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/"

#. type: Content of the udev entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udev"

#. type: Content of the theunixdomainsocket entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket"

#. type: Content of the tmpfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tmpfs#Linux"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tmpfs#Linux"

#. type: Content of the treregexlibrary entity
msgid "http://www.laurikari.net/tre/"
msgstr "http://www.laurikari.net/tre/"

#. type: Content of the trim entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIM"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIM"

#. type: Content of the troff entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troff"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troff"

#. type: Content of the truetype entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType"

#. type: Content of the tuntap entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUN/TAP"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUN/TAP"

#. type: Content of the ubuntu entity
msgid "http://www.ubuntu.com/"
msgstr "http://www.ubuntu.com/"

#. type: Content of the writingudevrules entity
msgid "http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html"
msgstr "http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html"

#. type: Content of the udf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format"

#. type: Content of the udp entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol"

#. type: Content of the uim entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uim"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uim"

#. type: Content of the unbranded entity
msgid ""
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Mozilla_Corporation_software_rebranded_by_the_Debian_project"
msgstr ""
"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Mozilla_Corporation_software_rebranded_by_the_Debian_project"

#. type: Content of the unicode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"

#. type: Content of the unicodestandardannexbb entity
msgid "http://unicode.org/reports/tr11/"
msgstr "http://unicode.org/reports/tr11/"

#. type: Content of the universalcharactunicodeisobagegb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Character_Set"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Character_Set"

#. type: Content of the unix entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix"

#. type: Content of the unixlike entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like"

#. type: Content of the unixphilosophy entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Unix哲学"

#. type: Content of the unixsccs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Code_Control_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Code_Control_System"

#. type: Content of the uri entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier"

#. type: Content of the url entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator"

#. type: Content of the urw entity
msgid "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/urw.html"
msgstr "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/urw.html"

#. type: Content of the usbstorage entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive"

#. type: Content of the usb entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus"

#. type: Content of the utcgmt entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC"

#. type: Content of the utfbgucsc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16/UCS-2"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16/UCS-2"

#. type: Content of the utfdcucse entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32/UCS-4"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32/UCS-4"

#. type: Content of the utfi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8"

#. type: Content of the uuencode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencoding"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencoding"

#. type: Content of the uuid entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_Unique_Identifier"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_Unique_Identifier"

#. type: Content of the vdi entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox#Virtual_Desktop_Image"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox#Virtual_Desktop_Image"

#. type: Content of the versioncontrolsystemsvcs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control"

#. type: Content of the vim entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)"

#. type: Content of the virtualbox entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBox"

#. type: Content of the virtualboxusermanual entity
msgid "http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html"
msgstr "http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html"

#. type: Content of the virtualboxusermanualpdf entity
msgid "http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/UserManual.pdf"
msgstr "http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/UserManual.pdf"

#. type: Content of the virtualization entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization"

#. type: Content of the virtualmachinemanager entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Manager"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Manager"

#. type: Content of the virtualmemory entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory"

#. type: Content of the vmdk entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK"

#. type: Content of the vpc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_(file_format)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_(file_format)"

#. type: Content of the vpn entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network"

#. type: Content of the vtbaalike entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100"

#. type: Content of the wan entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network"

#. type: Content of the watchdogtimer entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchdog_timer"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchdog_timer"

#. type: Content of the wavelan entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveLAN"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveLAN"

#. type: Content of the wdm entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m"

#. type: Content of the webbrowser entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Browsers"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Browsers"

#. type: Content of the webwmlproject entity
msgid "http://alioth.debian.org/projects/webwml/"
msgstr "http://alioth.debian.org/projects/webwml/"

#. type: Content of the whatisxlink entity
msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/09/xlink/index.html"
msgstr "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/09/xlink/index.html"

#. type: Content of the whatisxml entity
msgid "http://www.xml.com/pub/a/98/10/guide0.html"
msgstr "http://www.xml.com/pub/a/98/10/guide0.html"

#. type: Content of the whatisxslfo entity
msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2002/03/20/xsl-fo.html"
msgstr "http://xml.com/pub/a/2002/03/20/xsl-fo.html"

#. type: Content of the whatisxslt entity
msgid "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/08/holman/index.html"
msgstr "http://xml.com/pub/a/2000/08/holman/index.html"

#. type: Content of the wicd entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicd_(Linux_Network_Manager)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicd_(Linux_Network_Manager)"

#. type: Content of the wifiprotectedaccessc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11i"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11i"

#. type: Content of the wifiprotectedaccess entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access"

#. type: Content of the windowmanagersforx entity
msgid "http://www.xwinman.org"
msgstr "http://www.xwinman.org"

#. type: Content of the windowsdomain entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_domain"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_domain"

#. type: Content of the windowsmediavideowmv entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video"

#. type: Content of the wine entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_(software)"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_(software)"

#. type: Content of the wiredequivalentprivacy entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy"

#. type: Content of the wirelessaccesspointsaps entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point"

#. type: Content of the wirelesslanwlanforshort entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN"

#. type: Content of the wireshark entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark"

#. type: Content of the wordprocessingusinglatex entity
msgid ""
"http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/latex_basic/latex_basic."
"html"
msgstr ""
"http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/latex_basic/latex_basic."
"html"

#. type: Content of the wysiwyg entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG"

#. type: Content of the xbbpcfbitmapfontfiles entity
msgid "http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/pcf-format.html"
msgstr "http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/pcf-format.html"

#. type: Content of the xdgbasedirectoryspecification entity
msgid "http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html"
msgstr "http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html"

#. type: Content of the xdmcpconnection entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_display_manager"

#. type: Content of the xemacs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEmacs"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEmacs"

#. type: Content of the xen entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen"

#. type: Content of the xfce entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce"

#. type: Content of the xfs entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS"

#. type: Content of the xft entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xft"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xft"

#. type: Content of the xwindowsystem entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/X_Window系統"

#. type: Content of the xmlcom entity
msgid "http://xml.com/"
msgstr "http://xml.com/"

#. type: Content of the xorg entity
msgid "http://www.x.org/"
msgstr "http://www.x.org/"

#. type: Content of the xrenderingextension entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRender"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRender"

#. type: Content of the xsession entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager"

#. type: Content of the xwindowmanager entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_manager"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_manager"

#. type: Content of the xxencode entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xxencode"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xxencode"

#. type: Content of the xz entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz"

#. type: Content of the yacc entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacc"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacc"

#. type: Content of the zeroconf entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf"

#. type: Content of the zshell entity
msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell"
msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell"

#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
msgid "en"
msgstr "zh-cn"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
msgid "Debian Reference"
msgstr "Debian 參考手冊"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
msgid ""
"<author> <personname> <othername>Osamu Aoki</othername> </personname> </"
"author>"
msgstr ""
"<author><personname><othername>Osamu Aoki (青木 修)</othername></"
"personname></author>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
msgid ""
"This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms "
"of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian "
"Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)."
msgstr ""
"這本書是免費的；你可以在與 Debian 自由軟件指導方針（DFSG）兼容的任意版本的 "
"GNU 通用公共許可證的條款下重新分發和/或修改本書。"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
msgid ""
"<copyright> <year>2013-2018</year> <holder>Osamu Aoki</holder> </copyright>"
msgstr "<copyright><year>2013-2018</year><holder>青木修</holder></copyright>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
msgid ""
"This Debian Reference (version &dr-version;) (&build-date;) is intended to "
"provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's "
"guide. It covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command "
"examples for non-developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 參考手冊（第&dr-version;版）(&build-date;) 旨在爲運行 Debian 系統的用"
"戶提供全面的指導。通過爲非開發者編寫的 shell 命令例子來涵蓋系統管理的方方面"
"面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><cover><mediaobject>
msgid ""
"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"xslt/debian-openlogo.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"xslt/debian-openlogo.png\"/></imageobject>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
msgid "Preface"
msgstr "序言"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversiondrversion;\">Debian Reference "
"(version &dr-version;)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad "
"overview of the Debian system administration as a post-installation user "
"guide."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversiondrversion;\">Debian 參考手冊（第&dr-"
"version;版）</ulink> (&build-date;) 旨在爲運行 Debian 系統的用戶提供全面的指"
"導。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"The target reader is someone who is willing to learn shell scripts but who "
"is not ready to read all the C sources to figure out how the <ulink url="
"\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> system works."
msgstr ""
"本書的目標讀者：願意學習 shell 腳本，但是不準備爲了理解 <ulink url=\"&gnu;"
"\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> 系統是如何運作的而閱讀其"
"所有 C 語言源代碼的人。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid "For installation instructions, see:"
msgstr "安裝說明，見："

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiangnulinuxinrentstablesystem;\">Debian GNU/Linux "
"Installation Guide for current stable system</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiangnulinuxinrentstablesystem;\">Debian GNU/Linux 當前穩定系"
"𥾮統安裝指南</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiangnulinuxinenttestingsystem;\">Debian GNU/Linux "
"Installation Guide for current testing system</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiangnulinuxinenttestingsystem;\">Debian GNU/Linux 當前測試系"
"統安裝指南</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
msgid "Disclaimer"
msgstr "免責聲明"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"All warranties are disclaimed.  All trademarks are property of their "
"respective trademark owners."
msgstr "所有擔保條款具有免責效力。所有商標均爲其各自商標所有者的財產。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system itself is a moving target.  This makes its documentation "
"difficult to be current and correct.  Although the current unstable version "
"of the Debian system was used as the basis for writing this, some contents "
"may be already outdated by the time you read this."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統本身是一個變化的事物。這導致其文檔難於及時更新並且正確。雖然是以 "
"Debian 系統當前的不穩定版本作爲寫作該文檔的基礎，但當你閱讀本文的時候，部分內"
"容仍然可能已經過時。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please treat this document as the secondary reference. This document does "
"not replace any authoritative guides. The author and contributors do not "
"take responsibility for consequences of errors, omissions or ambiguity in "
"this document."
msgstr ""
"請把本文檔作爲第二參考。本文檔不能夠代替任何官方指導手冊。文檔作者和文檔貢獻"
"者對在本文檔中的錯誤、遺漏或歧義，不承擔責任後果。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
msgid "What is Debian"
msgstr "什麼是 Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian Project</ulink> is an association "
"of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating "
"system.  It's distribution is characterized by the following."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianproject;\">Debian 計畫</ulink> 是由個人組成的團體，把創建"
"自由的作業系統作爲共同目標。Debian 的發佈具有下列特徵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Commitment to the software freedom: <ulink url="
"\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian Social Contract and Debian "
"Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"承諾軟件自由：<ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontreguidelinesdfsg;\">Debian 社羣契"
"約和 Debian 自由軟件指導方針（DFSG）</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Internet based distributed unpaid volunteer effort: <ulink url="
"\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://www.debian.org</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"基於網際網路上無酬勞的志願者的貢獻：<ulink url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;"
"\">https://www.debian.org</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality software packages"
msgstr "大量預編譯的高質量軟件套件"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Focus on stability and security with easy access to the security updates"
msgstr "專注於穩定性和安全性，同時易於獲取安全更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Focus on smooth upgrade to the latest software packages in the "
"<literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives"
msgstr ""
"致力於使 <literal>unstable</literal> 和 <literal>testing</literal> 版的軟件套"
"件能平滑升級至最新版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Large number of supported hardware architectures"
msgstr "支持大量硬件架構"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"Free Software pieces in Debian come from <ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&x;\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&apache;\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing "
"System </ulink>, <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;"
"\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;"
"\">Mozilla</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&libreoffice;\">LibreOffice</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&tcl;\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&ruby;\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&berkeleydb;\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mariadb;\">MariaDB</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&sqlite;"
"\">SQLite</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;"
"\">Postfix</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&freebsd;\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> and many more independent free "
"software projects.  Debian integrates this diversity of Free Software into "
"one system."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統中的自由軟件來自<ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&x;"
"\">X</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&isc;\">ISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&apache;"
"\">Apache</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common Unix Printing System </ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mozilla;\">Mozilla</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&libreoffice;\">LibreOffice</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&perl;"
"\">Perl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&tcl;"
"\">Tcl</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&java;\">Java</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&ruby;"
"\">Ruby</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&berkeleydb;"
"\">Berkeley DB</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mariadb;\">MariaDB</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&postgresql;\">PostgreSQL</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&sqlite;\">SQLite</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&exim;\">Exim</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&postfix;\">Postfix</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mutt;\">Mutt</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&freebsd;"
"\">FreeBSD</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&planj;\">Plan 9</ulink> 以及許多更加獨立的自由軟件項目。  Debian 將上述各"
"種各樣的自由軟件集成到一個系統裏面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
msgid "About this document"
msgstr "關於本文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
msgid "Guiding rules"
msgstr "指導原則"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid "Following guiding rules are followed while compiling this document."
msgstr "寫作本文檔時，遵循下列指導原則。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Provide overview and skip corner cases. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big "
"Picture</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"僅提供概覽，而忽略極端情況。（<emphasis role=\"strong\">Big Picture 原則</"
"emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Keep It Short and Simple. (<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS</emphasis>)"
msgstr "保持文字簡短緊湊。（<emphasis role=\"strong\">KISS 原則</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not reinvent the wheel. (Use pointers to <emphasis role=\"strong\">the "
"existing references</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"不重複造輪子。（使用鏈接指向<emphasis role=\"strong\">已有參考</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Focus on non-GUI tools and consoles. (Use <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell "
"examples</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"專注於使用非圖形的工具和控制檯。（使用 <emphasis role=\"strong\">shell 例子</"
"emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Be objective. (Use <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> etc.)"
msgstr "保持客觀。（使用 <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> 等等。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"I tried to elucidate hierarchical aspects and lower levels of the system."
msgstr "我試圖闡明操作系統底層和體繫結構的各方面內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
msgid "Prerequisites"
msgstr "預備知識"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"You are expected to make good efforts to seek answers by yourself beyond "
"this documentation.  This document only gives efficient starting points."
msgstr ""
"閱讀本文檔，你需要通過自己的努力去查找本文檔未提及的問題答案。本文檔僅僅提供"
"有效的起點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid "You must seek solution by yourself from primary sources."
msgstr "你必須自己從以下原始材料查找解決方案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianadministratorshandbook;\">The Debian Administrator's "
"Handbook</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianadministratorshandbook;\">Debian 管理員手冊</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian site at <ulink url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://www.debian."
"org</ulink> for the general information"
msgstr ""
"Debian 網站（<ulink url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://www.debian.org</"
"ulink>）上的通用信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The documentation under the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</"
"literal>\" directory"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\" 目錄下的文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Unix style <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg "
"-L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"Unix 風格的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -L "
"&lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The GNU style <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: "
"\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"GNU 風格的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis>: \"<literal>dpkg -"
"L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/info/'</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The bug report: <ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs."
"debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"錯誤報告：<ulink url=\"&httpbugsdebianorgpackage_name;\">http://bugs.debian."
"org/&lt;package_name&gt;</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian Wiki at <ulink url=\"&httpswikidebianorg;\">https://wiki.debian."
"org/</ulink> for the moving and specific topics"
msgstr ""
"Debian Wiki （<ulink url=\"&httpswikidebianorg;\">https://wiki.debian.org/</"
"ulink>）用於變化和特殊的話題"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The HOWTOs from The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) at <ulink url="
"\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"Linux 文檔項目（TLDP，<ulink url=\"&httptldporg;\">http://tldp.org/</ulink>）"
"的  HOWTO"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Single UNIX Specification from the Open Group's The UNIX System Home "
"Page at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www.unix.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"國際開放標準組織的 UNIX 系統主頁（<ulink url=\"&httpwwwunixorg;\">http://www."
"unix.org/</ulink>）上的單一 UNIX 規範"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The free encyclopedia from Wikipedia at <ulink url=\"&httpswwwwikipediaorg;"
"\">https://www.wikipedia.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"免費的百科全書：維基百科（<ulink url=\"&httpswwwwikipediaorg;\">https://www."
"wikipedia.org/</ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For detailed documentation, you may need to install the corresponding "
"documentation package named with \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" as its suffix."
msgstr ""
"軟件包的詳細文檔，你需要安裝軟件包名用 \"<literal>-doc</literal>\" 作爲後綴名"
"的相應文檔包來得到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
msgid "Conventions"
msgstr "排版約定"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This document provides information through the following simplified "
"presentation style with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> shell command examples."
msgstr ""
"本文通過如下使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> shell 命令例子的簡要方"
"式來提供信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# &lt;command in root account&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;command in user account&gt;"
msgstr ""
"# &lt;以 root 賬戶運行的命令&gt;\n"
"$ &lt;以普通用戶賬戶運行的命令&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These shell prompts distinguish account used and correspond to set "
"environment variables as: \"<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>PS2=' '</literal>\".  These values are chosen for the sake of "
"readability of this document and are not typical on actual installed system."
msgstr ""
"這些 shell 提示符區分了所使用的帳戶。爲了可讀性，在本手冊中 shell 提示符相關"
"的環境變量被設置爲“<literal>PS1='\\$'</literal>”和“<literal>PS2=' '</"
"literal>。這與實際安裝的系統所使用的 shell 提示符很有可能會不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"See the meaning of the \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" and \"<literal>$PS2</"
"literal>\" environment variables in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"見 \"<literal>$PS1</literal>\" 與 \"<literal>$PS2</literal>\" 環境變數於 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 內的解譯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Action</emphasis> required by the system "
"administrator is written in the imperative sentence, e.g. \"Type Enter-key "
"after typing each command string to the shell.\""
msgstr ""
"要求系統管理員執行的<emphasis role=\"strong\">操作</emphasis>，須用祈使句描"
"述，如“在 shell 中輸入命令字符串後，鍵入 Enter 鍵。”"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">description</emphasis> column and similar ones "
"in the table may contain a <emphasis role=\"strong\">noun phrase</emphasis> "
"following <ulink url=\"&thepackageshortdiptionconvention;\">the package "
"short description convention</ulink> which drops leading articles such as \"a"
"\" and \"the\".  They may alternatively contain an infinitive phrase as a "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">noun phrase</emphasis> without leading \"to\" "
"following the short command description convention in manpages.  These may "
"look funny to some people but are my intentional choices of style to keep "
"this documentation as simple as possible.  These <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">Noun phrases</emphasis> do not capitalize their starting nor end with "
"periods following these short description convention."
msgstr ""
"這些<emphasis role=\"strong\">描述</emphasis>列或類似信息在表格有一個"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">名詞短語</emphasis>，後面會緊跟<ulink url="
"\"&thepackageshortdiptionconvention;\">軟件包短描述</ulink>，這些短語會省略掉"
"前面的\"a\"和\"the\"。它們也可以包含一個不定式短語作<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">名詞短語</emphasis>，在聯機幫助的短命令描述約定後面不帶 \"to\"。有些人可能"
"覺得這看起來有點可笑，這裏故意保留這種風格是爲了讓文檔看起來儘可能的簡單。這"
"些<emphasis role=\"strong\">名詞短語</emphasis>在短命令描述約定裏並不會採用首"
"字母大寫的方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Proper nouns including command names keeps their case irrespective of their "
"location."
msgstr "無論專有名詞和命令名位於何處，保持其英文字母大小寫不變。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command snippet</emphasis> quoted in a text "
"paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double quotation marks, "
"such as \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在文本段落中引用的<emphasis role=\"strong\">命令片斷</emphasis>由雙引號括起來"
"的打印機字體進行標記，就像\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">text data</emphasis> from a configuration file "
"quoted in a text paragraph is referred by the typewriter font between double "
"quotation marks, such as \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在文本段落中引用的來自配置文件的<emphasis role=\"strong\">文本數據</emphasis>"
"由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進行標記，就像\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> is referred by its name in "
"the typewriter font optionally followed by its manpage section number in "
"parenthesis, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  You are encouraged "
"to obtain information by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">命令</emphasis>和置於其後的圓括號內的手冊頁章節數"
"（可選），由打字機字體進行標記，就像<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。我們鼓勵您這樣通過輸入"
"以下命令來獲得信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 1 bash"
msgstr "$ man 1 bash"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> is referred by its name in "
"the typewriter font followed by its manpage section number in parenthesis, "
"such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  You are encouraged "
"to obtain information by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">manpage</emphasis> 會在打字機字體後面括號中顯示 "
"manpage 頁章節號，如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>。建議你通過鍵入以下命令"
"來獲取幫助信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man 5 sources.list"
msgstr "$ man 5 sources.list"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An <emphasis role=\"strong\">info page</emphasis> is referred by its command "
"snippet in the typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as "
"\"<literal>info make</literal>\".  You are encouraged to obtain information "
"by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"> info page</emphasis> 頁是由雙引號之間的打字機字體"
"來標註，如 <literal> info make</literal>。建議你通過鍵入以下的命令來獲取幫助"
"信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ info make"
msgstr "$ info make"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">filename</emphasis> is referred by the "
"typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/"
"passwd</literal>\".  For configuration files, you are encouraged to obtain "
"information by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">文件名</emphasis>將由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進行標"
"記，就像 \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"。對於配置文件，你可以輸入下列的命"
"令來獲取它的信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""
msgstr "$ sensible-pager \"/etc/passwd\""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the "
"typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/apt/"
"</literal>\".  You are encouraged to explore its contents by typing the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">目錄名</emphasis>將由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進行標"
"記，如 \"<literal>/etc/apt/</literal>\"。你可以輸入下列的命令來瀏覽目錄的內"
"容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc \"/etc/apt/\""
msgstr "$ mc \"/etc/apt/\""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">package name</emphasis> is referred by its name "
"in the typewriter font, such as <literal>vim</literal>.  You are encouraged "
"to obtain information by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">軟件包名稱</emphasis>將由打印機字體進行標記，就像 "
"<literal>vim</literal>。你可以輸入下列的命令來獲取它的信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"
msgstr ""
"$ dpkg -L vim\n"
"$ apt-cache show vim\n"
"$ aptitude show vim"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its "
"location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation "
"marks, such as \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt."
"gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups."
"html</literal>\"; or by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as <ulink "
"url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://www.debian.org</ulink>.  You are "
"encouraged to read the documentation by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"一個<emphasis role=\"strong\">文檔</emphasis>可以通過文件名來表示它的位置，文"
"件名將由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進行標記，例如 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz</literal>\" 和 \"<literal> /usr/share/"
"doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal> \"，或通過它的 <ulink url="
"\"&url;\">URL</ulink> 表示，如 <ulink url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://"
"www.debian.org</ulink>。你可以通過輸入下列命令來閱讀文檔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"https://www.debian.org\""
msgstr ""
"$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
"$ sensible-browser \"https://www.debian.org\""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An <emphasis role=\"strong\">environment variable</emphasis> is referred by "
"its name with leading \"<literal>$</literal>\" in the typewriter font "
"between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\".  You "
"are encouraged to obtain its current value by typing the following."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">環境變量</emphasis>將由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進行"
"標記，並帶有 \"<literal>$</literal>\" 前綴，就像 \"<literal>$TERM</literal>"
"\"。你可以輸入下列命令來獲取它的當前值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo \"$TERM\""
msgstr "$ echo \"$TERM\""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
msgid "The popcon"
msgstr "popcon 流行度"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink> data is presented as the "
"objective measure for the popularity of each package.  It was downloaded on "
"&pop-date; and contains the total submission of &pop-submissions; reports "
"over &pop-packages; binary packages and &pop-architectures; architectures."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&popcon;\">popcon</ulink>數據被用來客觀地衡量每個包的流行度。它"
"的下載時間爲&pop-date;，包含了超過&pop-packages;個二進制軟件包和&pop-"
"architectures;個架構的全部&pop-submissions;份提交。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that the <literal>&arch;</literal> <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive contains only &all-packages; packages currently.  The popcon data "
"contains reports from many old system installations."
msgstr ""
"請注意&arch;不穩定的歸檔只包含所有包和當前包。popcon 數據包含許多舊系統安裝報"
"告。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The popcon number preceded with \"V:\" for \"votes\" is calculated by \"1000 "
"* (the popcon submissions for the package executed recently on the PC)/(the "
"total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr ""
"以“V:”開頭表示“votes”的popcon數值計算方式爲“1000 * （當前運行在PC上的包的"
"popcon提交）/ （總的popcon提交）”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The popcon number preceded with \"I:\" for \"installs\" is calculated by "
"\"1000 * (the popcon submissions for the package installed on the PC)/(the "
"total popcon submissions)\"."
msgstr ""
"以“I:”開頭表示“安裝數”的popcon數值計算方式爲“1000 * （當前安裝在PC上的包的"
"popcon提交）/ （總的popcon提交）”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The popcon figures should not be considered as absolute measures of the "
"importance of packages.  There are many factors which can skew statistics.  "
"For example, some system participating popcon may have mounted directories "
"such as \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" "
"option for system performance improvement and effectively disabled \"vote\" "
"from such system."
msgstr ""
"流行度評比popcon數據不應視爲對包的重要性的絕對度量。有許多因素可以影響統計數"
"據。例如，參與流行度評比的某些系統可能有像“<literal>/bin</literal>”的目錄，掛"
"載的時候帶“<literal>noatime</literal>”選項以提升系統性能，這樣的系統有效的禁"
"用了“投票（vote）”功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
msgid "The package size"
msgstr "包大小"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The package size data is also presented as the objective measure for each "
"package.  It is based on the \"<literal>Installed-Size:</literal>\" reported "
"by \"<literal>apt-cache show</literal>\" or \"<literal>aptitude show</"
"literal>\" command (currently on <literal>&arch;</literal> architecture for "
"the <literal>unstable</literal> release).  The reported size is in KiB "
"(<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink> = unit for 1024 bytes)."
msgstr ""
"包的尺寸數據同樣表明瞭對每個包的客觀衡量。它基於“<literal>apt-cache show</"
"literal>”或“<literal>aptitude show</literal>”命令（當前在<literal>&arch;</"
"literal>的<literal>不穩定</literal>釋出的架構）報告的“<literal>安裝大小</"
"literal>”。報告的尺寸的單位是KiB（<ulink url=\"&kibibyte;\">Kibibyte</ulink>="
"表示1024 Bytes的單位）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"A package with a small numerical package size may indicate that the package "
"in the <literal>unstable</literal> release is a dummy package which installs "
"other packages with significant contents by the dependency.  The dummy "
"package enables a smooth transition or split of the package."
msgstr ""
"包大小是一個小數值的包可能顯示了這個在“<literal>不穩定</literal>”釋出的包是一"
"個虛擬包，它包含關於依賴關係的重要內容，會安裝其他的包。虛擬包使能平穩過度或"
"分割一個包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"A package size followed by \"(*)\" indicates that the package in the "
"<literal>unstable</literal> release is missing and the package size for the "
"<literal>experimental</literal> release is used instead."
msgstr ""
"包大小後面跟着 \"(*)\" 表明這個軟件包在<literal>不穩定</literal>版本中是缺失"
"的同時使用了<literal>實驗性</literal>版本中的軟件包大小來替代。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><title>
msgid "Bug reports on this document"
msgstr "給本文檔報告 Bug"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please file bug reports on the <literal>debian-reference</literal> package "
"using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reportbug</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> if you find any issues on this document. Please "
"include correction suggestion by \"<literal>diff -u</literal>\" to the plain "
"text version or to the source."
msgstr ""
"發現此文件的任何疑義，請報告 <literal>debian-reference</literal> 套件的錯誤，"
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reportbug</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。請以 \"<literal>diff -u</literal>\" 提出純文字或原"
"碼的更正後報告。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
msgid "Reminders for new users"
msgstr "一些對新使用者的提醒"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid "Here are some reminders for new users:"
msgstr "這是一些對新使用者的提醒："

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Backup your data"
msgstr "備份你的資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Secure password on the Internet"
msgid "Secure your password and security keys"
msgstr "網際網路密碼安全"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<ulink url=\"&extcfilesystem;\">ext2 filesystem</ulink>"
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&kisskeepitsimplestupid;\">KISS (keep it simple stupid)</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&extcfilesystem;\">ext2 檔案系統</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Don't over-engineer your system"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "system log files"
msgid "Read your log files"
msgstr "系統日志文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file"
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">FIRST</emphasis> error is the one that counts"
msgstr "文件所有者的<emphasis role=\"strong\">用戶</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&rtfmreadthefinemanual;\">RTFM (read the fine manual)</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Search the Internet before asking questions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Don't be root when you don't have to be"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "More readings for the package management"
msgid "Don't mess with the package management system"
msgstr "更多關於軟體包管理的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Don't type anything you don't understand"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Don't change the file permissions (before the full security review)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "used for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">installed</emphasis> package"
msgid ""
"Don't leave your root shell until you <emphasis role=\"strong\">TEST</"
"emphasis> your changes"
msgstr "用於<emphasis role=\"strong\">已安裝</emphasis>軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Always have an alternative boot media (USB memory stick, CD, …)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><title>
msgid "Some quotes for new users"
msgstr "一些對新使用者的引導"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are some interesting quotes from the Debian mailing list which may help "
"enlighten new users."
msgstr "從 Debian 郵件列表來的一些有趣引文，說不定可以幫助新使用者啓蒙。"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"This is Unix.  It gives you enough rope to hang yourself.\" --- Miquel van "
"Smoorenburg <literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""
"“這是Unix。它給你足夠的繩索來吊死你自己。”--- Miquel van Smoorenburg "
"<literal>&lt;miquels at cistron.nl&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"Unix IS user friendly… It's just selective about who its friends are.\" "
"--- Tollef Fog Heen <literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""
"“Unix 是用戶友好的……它僅僅選擇誰是它的朋友。”--- Tollef Fog Heen "
"<literal>&lt;tollef at add.no&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><section><para>
msgid ""
"Wikipedia has article \"<ulink url=\"&unixphilosophy;\">Unix philosophy</"
"ulink>\" which lists interesting quotes."
msgstr ""
"維基百科文章\"<ulink url=\"&unixphilosophy;\">Unix 哲學</ulink>\"列出了一些有"
"趣的指導。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "GNU/Linux tutorials"
msgstr "GNU/Linux 教程"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I think learning a computer system is like learning a new foreign language.  "
"Although tutorial books and documentation are helpful, you have to practice "
"it yourself.  In order to help you get started smoothly, I elaborate a few "
"basic points."
msgstr ""
"我認爲學習一個計算機系統，就像學習一門新的外語。雖然教程和文檔是有幫助的，但"
"你必須自己練習。爲了幫助你平滑起步，我詳細說明一些基本要點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The powerful design of <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> <ulink url="
"\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink> comes from the "
"<ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</ulink> operating system, i.e., a <ulink url="
"\"&multiuser;\">multiuser</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&multitasking;"
"\">multitasking</ulink> operating system.  You must learn to take advantage "
"of the power of these features and similarities between Unix and GNU/Linux."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink><ulink url=\"&gnu;\">GNU</ulink><ulink "
"url=\"&linux;\">Linux</ulink>中最強大的設計來自<ulink url=\"&unix;\">Unix</"
"ulink>操作系統，一個<ulink url=\"&multiuser;\">多用戶</ulink><ulink url="
"\"&multitasking;\">多任務</ulink>的操作系統。你必須學會利用這些特性以及Unix和"
"GNU/Linux的相似性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Don't shy away from Unix oriented texts and don't rely solely on GNU/Linux "
"texts, as this robs you of much useful information."
msgstr ""
"別迴避面向Unix的文檔，不要只是依賴於GNU/Linux文檔，這樣做會剝奪你瞭解許多有用"
"的信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you have been using any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> "
"system for a while with command line tools, you probably know everything I "
"explain here.  Please use this as a reality check and refresher."
msgstr ""
"如果你在任何<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">類Unix</ulink>系統中使用過一端時間的命"
"令行工具，你可能已經掌握了這份文檔中的內容。那請把它當做一個實戰檢驗和進修。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Console basics"
msgstr "控制臺基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The shell prompt"
msgstr "shell 提示符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Upon starting the system, you are presented with the character based login "
"screen if you did not install <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window "
"System</ulink> with the display manager such as <literal>gdm3</literal>. "
"Suppose your hostname is <literal>foo</literal>, the login prompt looks as "
"follows."
msgstr ""
"啓動系統之後，如果你沒有安裝<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X 窗口系統</ulink>"
"和顯示管理器（例如<literal>gdm3</literal>），那麼你就會看對字符登錄界面。假設"
"你的主機名爲<literal>foo</literal>，那麼登錄提示符將如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "foo login:"
msgstr "foo login:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you did install a <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> environment such as "
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, "
"then you can get to a login prompt by Ctrl-Alt-F1, and you can return to the "
"GUI environment via Alt-F7 (see <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> below "
"for more)."
msgstr ""
"如果你安裝了一個 <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> 環境，例如 <ulink url="
"\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>，那麼你能夠用 "
"Ctrl-Alt-F1進入登錄提示符，同時你可以通過Alt-F7回到GUI環境（更多詳情請參閱下"
"文<xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"At the login prompt, you type your username, e.g. <literal>penguin</"
"literal>, and press the Enter-key, then type your password and press the "
"Enter-key again."
msgstr ""
"在登錄提示符下，你輸入你的用戶名，例如<literal>penguin</literal>，然後按回車"
"鍵，接下來輸入你的密碼並再次按回車鍵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Following the Unix tradition, the username and password of the Debian system "
"are case sensitive.  The username is usually chosen only from the "
"lowercase.  The first user account is usually created during the "
"installation.  Additional user accounts can be created with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> by root."
msgstr ""
"遵循Unix傳統，Debian系統下的用戶名和密碼是大小寫敏感的。用戶名通常由小寫字母"
"組成。第一個用戶賬號通常在安裝期間進行創建。額外的用戶賬號由root用戶用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>adduser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>創建。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The system starts with the greeting message stored in \"<literal>/etc/motd</"
"literal>\" (Message Of The Day) and presents a command prompt."
msgstr ""
"系統以保存在 \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" 中的歡迎信息（Message Of The "
"Day）來開始，同時顯示一個命令提示符。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Debian GNU/Linux jessie/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Mon Sep 23 19:36:44 JST 2013 on tty3\n"
"Linux snoopy 3.11-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.11.6-2 (2013-11-01) x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"
msgstr ""
"Debian GNU/Linux jessie/sid foo tty1\n"
"foo login: penguin\n"
"Password:\n"
"Last login: Mon Sep 23 19:36:44 JST 2013 on tty3\n"
"Linux snoopy 3.11-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.11.6-2 (2013-11-01) x86_64\n"
"\n"
"The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;\n"
"the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the\n"
"individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.\n"
"\n"
"Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent\n"
"permitted by applicable law.\n"
"foo:~$"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now you are in the <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink>. The shell "
"interprets your commands."
msgstr ""
"現在，你就在 <ulink url=\"&shell;\">shell</ulink> 下。shell 解析你的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The shell prompt under X"
msgstr "X  系統下的 shell 提示符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you installed <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> with "
"a display manager such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s "
"<literal>gdm3</literal> by selecting \"Desktop environment\" task during the "
"installation, you are presented with the graphical login screen upon "
"starting your system.  You type your username and your password to login to "
"the non-privileged user account.  Use tab to navigate between username and "
"password, or use the mouse and primary click."
msgstr ""
"如果你安裝了帶有顯示管理器的<ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</"
"ulink>，例如通過在安裝Debian時選擇“桌面環境”所安裝<ulink url=\"&gnome;"
"\">GNOME</ulink>的<literal>gdm3</literal>，那麼你在啓動系統後將使用圖形登陸界"
"面。輸入你的用戶名和密碼可以登陸到非特權用戶賬號。使用tab可以在用戶名和密碼之"
"間移動，也可以使用鼠標左擊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can gain the shell prompt under X by starting a <literal>x-terminal-"
"emulator</literal> program such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-"
"terminal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rxvt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  Under the GNOME "
"Desktop environment, clicking \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Terminal"
"\" does the trick."
msgstr ""
"要在X窗口下獲得shell提示符，你必須啓動一個<literal>x終端模擬器</literal>程"
"序，例如<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-terminal</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rxvt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>或<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。在GNOME桌面環境下，你"
"可以點擊“應用程序”→“附件”→“終端”來打開終端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can also see the section below <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/>."
msgstr "你還可以看下下面的 <xref linkend=\"_virtual_consoles\"/> 章節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Under some other Desktop systems (like <literal>fluxbox</literal>), there "
"may be no obvious starting point for the menu.  If this happens, just try "
"(right) clicking the background of the desktop screen and hope for a menu to "
"pop-up."
msgstr ""
"在其它一些桌面系統（如 <literal>fluxbox</literal>）下面，可能沒有明顯的開始菜"
"單入口。如果是這種情況，試下右擊桌面屏幕並希望能有彈出菜單。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The root account"
msgstr "root 賬戶"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The root account is also called <ulink url=\"&superuser;\">superuser</ulink> "
"or privileged user.  From this account, you can perform the following system "
"administration tasks."
msgstr ""
"root 賬戶也被稱作<ulink url=\"&superuser;\">超級用戶</ulink>或特權用戶。用這"
"個賬戶，你能夠履行下面的系統管理任務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Read, write, and remove any files on the system irrespective of their file "
"permissions"
msgstr "讀、寫和刪除系統上的任何文件，不顧它們的文件權限"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Set file ownership and permissions of any files on the system"
msgstr "設置系統上任何文件的所有者和權限"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Set the password of any non-privileged users on the system"
msgstr "設置系統上任何非特權用戶的密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Login to any accounts without their passwords"
msgstr "免用戶密碼登錄任何用戶"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This unlimited power of root account requires you to be considerate and "
"responsible when using it."
msgstr "無限權力的 root 賬戶，要求你慎重和負責任的使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid "Never share the root password with others."
msgstr "從來不和其他人共享 root 密碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"File permissions of a file (including hardware devices such as CD-ROM etc. "
"which are just another file for the Debian system) may render it unusable or "
"inaccessible by non-root users.  Although the use of root account is a quick "
"way to test this kind of situation, its resolution should be done through "
"proper setting of file permissions and user's group membership (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"一個文件（包括硬件設備，如CD-ROM等，這些對Debian系統來說都只是一個文件）的權"
"限可能會導致非root用戶無法使用或訪問它 。雖然在這種情況下，使用root帳戶是一個"
"快速的方法，但正確的解決方法應該是對文件權限和用戶組的成員進行合適的設置（參"
"見<xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The root shell prompt"
msgstr "root shell 提示符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are a few basic methods to gain the root shell prompt by using the root "
"password."
msgstr "這裏有一些基本的方法可以讓你在輸入root密碼後獲得root的shell提示符。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Type <literal>root</literal> at the character based login prompt."
msgstr "在字符登陸界面使用<literal>root</literal>作爲用戶名登陸。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Click \"Applications\" → \"Accessories\" → \"Root Terminal\", under the "
"GNOME Desktop environment."
msgstr "在GNOME桌面環境下點擊“應用程序”→“附件”→“Root Terminal\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Type \"<literal>su -l</literal>\" from any user shell prompt."
msgstr "在任意用戶的shell提示符下輸入“<literal>su -l</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "This does not preserve the environment of the current user."
msgstr "這不會保存當前用戶的環境設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Type \"<literal>su</literal>\" from any user shell prompt."
msgstr "在任意用戶的shell提示符下輸入“<literal>su</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "This preserves some of the environment of the current user."
msgstr "這會保存當前用戶的一些環境設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "GUI system administration tools"
msgstr "GUI系統管理工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When your desktop menu does not start GUI system administration tools "
"automatically with the appropriate privilege, you can start them from the "
"root shell prompt of the X terminal emulator, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-terminal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rxvt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. See <xref linkend=\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/>."
msgstr ""
"如果你的桌面菜單沒有適當的權限啓動系統管理工具，你可以在X終端模擬器（例如"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-terminal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rxvt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>或"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>）中root的shell提示符下啓動它。參見<xref linkend="
"\"_the_root_shell_prompt\"/>和<xref linkend=\"_running_x_clients_as_root\"/"
">。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing "
"in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"永遠不要以根帳號鍵入 <literal>root</literal> 在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的提示符號下啟動 X 顯示器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Never run untrusted remote GUI program under X Window when critical "
"information is displayed since it may eavesdrop your X screen."
msgstr ""
"永遠不要在顯示關鍵信息的X Window下運行不受信任的遠程GUI程序，因爲它可能會監聽"
"你的X屏幕。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Virtual consoles"
msgstr "虛擬控制檯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the default Debian system, there are six switchable <ulink url="
"\"&vtbaalike;\">VT100-like</ulink> character consoles available to start the "
"command shell directly on the Linux host.  Unless you are in a GUI "
"environment, you can switch between the virtual consoles by pressing the "
"<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> and one of the <literal>F1</literal> — "
"<literal>F6</literal> keys simultaneously.  Each character console allows "
"independent login to the account and offers the multiuser environment.  This "
"multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive."
msgstr ""
"在默認的Debian系統中，有6個可切換的<ulink url=\"&vtbaalike;\">類VT100</ulink>"
"字符控制檯，可以直接在Linux主機上啓動shell。除非你處於GUI環境下，否則你可以同"
"時按下<literal>左Alt鍵</literal>和<literal>F1</literal>—<literal>F6</literal>"
"之一的鍵在虛擬控制檯間切換。每一個字符控制檯都允許獨立登陸賬戶並提供多用戶環"
"境。這個多用戶環境是偉大的Unix的特性，很容易上癮。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are under the X Window System, you gain access to the character "
"console 1 by pressing <literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal> key, i.e., the "
"<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-key</literal>, and "
"the <literal>F1-key</literal> are pressed together.  You can get back to the "
"X Window System, normally running on the virtual console 7, by pressing "
"<literal>Alt-F7</literal>."
msgstr ""
"如果你處於X Window System中，你可以通過<literal>Ctrl-Alt-F1</literal>鍵前往字"
"符控制檯1，也就是同時按下<literal>左Ctrl鍵</literal>、<literal>左Alt鍵</"
"literal>和<literal>F1鍵</literal>。你可以按下<literal>Alt-F7</literal>回到X "
"Window System，它一般運行在虛擬控制檯7。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can alternatively change to another virtual console, e.g. to the console "
"1, from the commandline."
msgstr "你也可以使用命令行切換到另一個虛擬控制檯，例如切換到控制檯1。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# chvt 1"
msgstr "# chvt 1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "How to leave the command prompt"
msgstr "怎樣退出命令行提示符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You type <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>, i.e., the <literal>left-Ctrl-key</"
"literal> and the <literal>d-key</literal> pressed together, at the command "
"prompt to close the shell activity.  If you are at the character console, "
"you return to the login prompt with this.  Even though these control "
"characters are referred as \"control D\" with the upper case, you do not "
"need to press the Shift-key. The short hand expression, <literal>^D</"
"literal>, is also used for <literal>Ctrl-D</literal>.  Alternately, you can "
"type \"exit\"."
msgstr ""
"在命令行輸入<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>，即同時按下<literal>左側-Ctrl-鍵</"
"literal>和<literal>d-鍵</literal>，即可關閉 shell 活動。如果你正處於字符控制"
"檯，你將會返回到登錄提示行。儘管這些控制字符 “control D\" 使用了大寫字母，你"
"並不需要按住 Shift-鍵。<literal>Ctrl-D</literal> 也可以簡寫爲 <literal>^D</"
"literal>。或者，你也可以鍵入 ”exit\" 退出命令行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are at <citerefentry><refentrytitle>x-terminal-emulator</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, you can close "
"<literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> window with this."
msgstr ""
"如果你位於<citerefentry><refentrytitle>x終端模擬器</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>中，你可以使用這個關閉"
"<literal>x終端模擬器</literal>窗口。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "How to shutdown the system"
msgstr "怎樣關閉系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Just like any other modern OS where the file operation involves <ulink url="
"\"&cachingdata;\">caching data</ulink> in memory for improved performance, "
"the Debian system needs the proper shutdown procedure before power can "
"safely be turned off. This is to maintain the integrity of files, by forcing "
"all changes in memory to be written to disk. If the software power control "
"is available, the shutdown procedure automatically turns off power of the "
"system. (Otherwise, you may have to press power button for few seconds after "
"the shutdown procedure.)"
msgstr ""
"就像任何其他的現代操作系統一樣，Debian會通過內存中的<ulink url="
"\"&cachingdata;\">緩存數據</ulink>進行文件操作以提高性能，因此在電源被安全地"
"關閉前需要適當的關機過程，通過將內存中的數據強制寫入硬盤來維持文件的完整性。"
"如果軟件的電源控制可用，那麼關機過程中會自動關閉系統電源。（否則，你可能需要"
"在關機過程之後按電源鍵幾秒鐘。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can shutdown the system under the normal multiuser mode from the "
"commandline."
msgstr "在普通多用戶模式模式下，可以使用命令行關閉系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# shutdown -h now"
msgstr "# shutdown -h now"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can shutdown the system under the single-user mode from the commandline."
msgstr "在單用戶模式下，可以使用命令行關閉系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# poweroff -i -f"
msgstr "# poweroff -i -f"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you may type <literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal> (The "
"<literal>left-Ctrl-key</literal>, the <literal>left-Alt-Key</literal>, and "
"the <literal>Delete</literal> are pressed together) to shutdown if "
"\"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" contains \"<literal>ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/"
"sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>\" in it.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inittab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"另外，如果在“<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>”中含有“<literal>ca:12345:"
"ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -h now</literal>”，那麼你可以按下"
"<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Delete</literal>（同時按下<literal>左Ctrl鍵</literal>、"
"<literal>左Alt鍵</literal>和<literal>Delete</literal>）來關機。參見"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inittab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>獲取更多細節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_remote_system_on_ssh\"/>."
msgstr "參見<xref linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_remote_system_on_ssh\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recovering a sane console"
msgstr "恢復一個正常的控制檯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the screen goes berserk after doing some funny things such as "
"\"<literal>cat &lt;some-binary-file&gt;</literal>\", type \"<literal>reset</"
"literal>\" at the command prompt. You may not be able to see the command "
"echoed as you type.  You may also issue \"<literal>clear</literal>\" to "
"clean up the screen."
msgstr ""
"當做了一些滑稽的事（例如“<literal>cat&lt;二進制文件&gt;</literal>”）後，屏幕"
"會發狂，你可以在命令行輸入“<literal>reset</literal>”。你可能無法在屏幕上看到"
"你輸入的命令。你也可以輸入“<literal>clear</literal>”來清屏。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Additional package suggestions for the newbie"
msgstr "建議新手的額外軟件包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although even the minimal installation of the Debian system without any "
"desktop environment tasks provides the basic Unix functionality, it is a "
"good idea to install few additional commandline and curses based character "
"terminal packages such as <literal>mc</literal> and <literal>vim</literal> "
"with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for beginners to get started by the following."
msgstr ""
"不需任何桌面環境，就能執行Debian的最小安裝方式，但若能使用 <literal>mc</"
"literal> 和 <literal>vim</literal> 併用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-"
"get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，對初學者而言，仍"
"是有用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# apt-get update\n"
" ...\n"
"# apt-get install mc vim sudo\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
"# apt-get update\n"
" ...\n"
"# apt-get install mc vim sudo\n"
" ..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you already had these packages installed, no new packages are installed."
msgstr "如果你已經安裝了這些軟件包，那麼不會有新的軟件包被安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of interesting text-mode program packages"
msgstr "有趣的文本模式程序包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "package"
msgstr "軟件包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "popcon"
msgstr "流行度"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "size"
msgstr "大小"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description"
msgstr "說明"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DUMMY"
msgstr "DUMMY"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "A text-mode full-screen file manager"
msgstr "文本模式的全屏文件管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "A program to allow limited root privileges to users"
msgstr "給普通用戶授予部分 root 權限的程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (standard version)"
msgstr "Unix 文本編輯器 Vi 的改進版，一個程序員的文本編輯器（標準版）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Unix text editor Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor (compact version)"
msgstr "Unix 文本編輯器 Vi 的改進版，一個程序員的文本編輯器（精簡版）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU project Emacs, the Lisp based extensible text editor"
msgstr "GNU 項目的 Emacs，基於 Lisp 的擴展文本編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Text-mode WWW browsers"
msgstr "文本模式的萬維網瀏覽器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The Unix style cut-and-paste on the text console (daemon)"
msgstr "文本控制檯 Unix 式樣的粘貼拷貝（守護）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "It may be a good idea to read some informative documentations."
msgstr "閱讀一些信息文檔，也是一個好的主意。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of informative documentation packages"
msgstr "軟件包信息文檔列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Debian Project documentation, (Debian FAQ) and other documents"
msgstr "Debian 項目文檔，（Debian 常見問題）和其它文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Debian Policy Manual and related documents"
msgstr "Debian 策略手冊和相關文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Guidelines and information for Debian developers"
msgstr "Debian 開發者指導方針和信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
msgstr "Debian 新維護者手冊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "History of the Debian Project"
msgstr "Debian 項目歷史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Debian FAQ"
msgstr "Debian 常見問題"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can install some of these packages by the following."
msgstr "你可以用下面的命令安裝這些包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# apt-get install package_name"
msgstr "# apt-get install package_name"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "An extra user account"
msgstr "額外用戶賬號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you do not want to use your main user account for the following training "
"activities, you can create a training user account, e.g. <literal>fish</"
"literal> by the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你不想用你自己的主用戶賬戶來進行下面的練習操作，你可以使用下面的方式創建"
"一個練習用戶賬戶，比如說，創建一個用戶名爲 <literal>fish</literal> 的賬號。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# adduser fish"
msgstr "# adduser fish"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Answer all questions."
msgstr "回答所有問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This creates a new account named as <literal>fish</literal>.  After your "
"practice, you can remove this user account and its home directory by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"這將創建一個名爲 <literal>fish</literal> 的新賬號。在你練習完成後，你可以使用"
"下面的命令刪除這個用戶賬號和它的用戶主目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# deluser --remove-home fish"
msgstr "# deluser --remove-home fish"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "sudo configuration"
msgstr "sudo 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the typical single user workstation such as the desktop Debian system on "
"the laptop PC, it is common to deploy simple configuration of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> as follows to let the non-privileged user, e.g. "
"<literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege just with his "
"user password but without the root password."
msgstr ""
"對於典型的單用戶工作站，例如運行在筆記本電腦上的桌面Debian系統，通常簡單地配"
"置<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>來使爲非特權用戶（例如用戶<literal>penguin</literal>）只需輸入用"
"戶密碼而非root密碼就能獲得管理員權限。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
msgstr "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, it is also common to do as follows to let the non-privileged "
"user, e.g. <literal>penguin</literal>, to gain administrative privilege "
"without any password."
msgstr ""
"另外，可以使用下列命令使非特權用戶（例如用戶<literal>penguin</literal>）無需"
"密碼就獲得管理員權限。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"
msgstr "# echo \"penguin  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL\" &gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This trick should only be used for the single user workstation which you "
"administer and where you are the only user."
msgstr "這些技巧只對你管理的單用戶工作站中那個唯一的用戶有用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not set up accounts of regular users on multiuser workstation like this "
"because it would be very bad for system security."
msgstr ""
"在多用戶工作站中不要建立這樣的普通用戶賬戶，因爲它會導致非常嚴重的系統安全問"
"題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The password and the account of the <literal>penguin</literal> in the above "
"example requires as much protection as the root password and the root "
"account."
msgstr ""
"在上述例子中，用戶<literal>penguin</literal>的密碼及賬號要有和root賬號密碼同"
"樣多的保護。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Administrative privilege in this context belongs to someone authorized to "
"perform the system administration task on the workstation.  Never give some "
"manager in the Admin department of your company or your boss such privilege "
"unless they are authorized and capable."
msgstr ""
"在這種情況下，管理員權限被賦予那些有權對工作站進行系統管理任務的人。永遠不要"
"讓你的公司行政管理部門或你的老闆進行管理（例如給予他們權限），除非他們獲得了"
"授權並有這樣的能力。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For providing access privilege to limited devices and limited files, you "
"should consider to use <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> to provide "
"limited access instead of using the <literal>root</literal> privilege via "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"爲了對受限的設備和文件提供訪問權限，你應該考慮使用 <emphasis role=\"strong\">"
"羣組</emphasis> 提供的近用限制而不是使用 <literal>root</literal> 權限，來自 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"With more thoughtful and careful configuration, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> can grant limited administrative privileges to other users on "
"a shared system without sharing the root password.  This can help with "
"accountability with hosts with multiple administrators so you can tell who "
"did what.  On the other hand, you might not want anyone else to have such "
"privileges."
msgstr ""
"隨着越來越細緻周密的配置，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>可以授予一個共享系統上的"
"其它用戶有限的管理權限而不共享root密碼。這可以幫助對有多個管理員的主機進行責"
"任追究，你可以瞭解到是誰做什麼。另一方面，你可能不想任何人有這樣的權限。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Play time"
msgstr "玩的時間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now you are ready to play with the Debian system without risks as long as "
"you use the non-privileged user account."
msgstr ""
"現在你已經準備好玩 Debian 系統了，只要你使用非特權用戶賬號就不會有風險。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is because the Debian system is, even after the default installation, "
"configured with proper file permissions which prevent non-privileged users "
"from damaging the system.  Of course, there may still be some holes which "
"can be exploited but those who worry about these issues should not be "
"reading this section but should be reading <ulink url="
"\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"這是因爲 Debian 系統（即使是默認安裝）會設置適當的文件權限來防止非特權用戶對"
"系統造成破壞。當然，可能仍然有一些漏洞可以利用，但關心這些問題的人不應該閱讀"
"這一節，而應該去閱讀 <ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Debian 安全手冊</"
"ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"We learn the Debian system as a <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> "
"system with the following."
msgstr ""
"我們使用下面的方式，把 Debian 系統當作一個 <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">類 "
"Unix</ulink> 系統來學習。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (basic concept)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_filesystem\"/> (基本概念)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (survival method)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_midnight_commander_mc\"/> (生存方式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (basic method)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment\"/> (基本方式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell mechanism)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> (shell 機制)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (text processing method)"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/> (文本處理方式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Unix-like filesystem"
msgstr "類 Unix 文件系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In GNU/Linux and other <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> operating "
"systems, <ulink url=\"&files;\">files</ulink> are organized into <ulink url="
"\"&directories;\">directories</ulink>.  All files and directories are "
"arranged in one big tree rooted at \"<literal>/</literal>\". It's called a "
"tree because if you draw the filesystem, it looks like a tree but it is "
"upside down."
msgstr ""
"在GNU/Linux和其他<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">類Unix</ulink>操作系統中，<ulink "
"url=\"&files;\">文件</ulink>被組織到<ulink url=\"&directories;\">目錄</ulink>"
"中。所有的文件和目錄排放在以“<literal>/</literal>”爲根的巨大的樹裏。叫它樹是"
"因爲如果你畫出文件系統，它看起來就像一棵樹，但是它是顛倒過來的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These files and directories can be spread out over several devices. "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> serves to attach the filesystem found on some device to the "
"big file tree.  Conversely, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> detaches it again.  On "
"recent Linux kernels, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with some options can "
"bind part of a file tree somewhere else or can mount filesystem as shared, "
"private, slave, or unbindable.  Supported mount options for each filesystem "
"are available in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-*/Documentation/"
"filesystems/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"這些文件和目錄可以分散在多個設備中。<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>用於把某個設備上找到的文"
"件系統附着到巨大的文件樹上。相反的，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>把它再次分離。在當前的"
"Linux內核裏<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>帶某些參數，可以把文件樹的一部分綁定到另外的地方，或"
"者可以把文件系統掛載爲共享的、私有的、從設備、或不可綁定的。對每個文件系統支"
"持的掛載選項可以在<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-*/Documentation/"
"filesystems/</literal>找到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Directories</emphasis> on Unix systems are called "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">folders</emphasis> on some other systems.  Please "
"also note that there is no concept for <emphasis role=\"strong\">drive</"
"emphasis> such as \"<literal>A:</literal>\" on any Unix system.  There is "
"one filesystem, and everything is included. This is a huge advantage "
"compared to Windows."
msgstr ""
"Unix系統上叫做<emphasis role=\"strong\">目錄</emphasis>，某些其他系統上叫做"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">文件夾</emphasis>。請同樣留意，在任何Unix系統上，沒"
"有的<emphasis role=\"strong\">驅動器</emphasis>的概念，例如“<literal>A:</"
"literal>”。這只有一個文件系統，並且所有東西都包含在內。這相對於Windows來說是"
"一個巨大的優點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Unix file basics"
msgstr "Unix 文件基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here are some Unix file basics."
msgstr "下面是一些 Unix 文件基礎。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Filenames are <emphasis role=\"strong\">case sensitive</emphasis>.  That is, "
"\"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" and \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" are "
"different files."
msgstr ""
"文件名是 <emphasis role=\"strong\">區分大小寫</emphasis> 的。也就是說， "
"\"<literal>MYFILE</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>MyFile</literal>\" 是不同的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">root directory</emphasis> means root of the "
"filesystem referred as simply \"<literal>/</literal>\".  Don't confuse this "
"with the home directory for the root user: \"<literal>/root</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">根目錄</emphasis>意味着文件系統的根，簡單的稱"
"爲“<literal>/</literal>”，不要把它跟root用戶的家目錄“<literal>/root</"
"literal>”混淆了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">except \"<literal>/</literal>\"</emphasis>.  The "
"root directory is an exception; its name is \"<literal>/</literal>"
"\" (pronounced \"slash\" or \"the root directory\") and it cannot be renamed."
msgstr ""
"每個目錄都有一個名字，它可以包含任意字母或<emphasis role=\"strong\">除了"
"<literal>/</literal>”以外的</emphasis>符號。根目錄是個特例。它的名字"
"是“<literal>/</literal>”（稱作“斜線”或“根目錄”），並且它不能被重命名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Each file or directory is designated by a <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-"
"qualified filename</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">absolute filename</"
"emphasis>, or <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>, giving the sequence "
"of directories which must be passed through to reach it.  The three terms "
"are synonymous."
msgstr ""
"每個文件或目錄都被指定一個<emphasis role=\"strong\">全限定文件名</emphasis>，"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">絕對文件名</emphasis>，或<emphasis role=\"strong\">"
"路徑</emphasis>，按順序給出必須經過的目錄從而到達相應目錄。這三個術語是同義"
"的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"All <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filenames</emphasis> begin "
"with the \"<literal>/</literal>\" directory, and there's a \"<literal>/</"
"literal>\" between each directory or file in the filename.  The first "
"\"<literal>/</literal>\" is the top level directory, and the other "
"\"<literal>/</literal>\"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we "
"reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file.  The words used "
"here can be confusing.  Take the following <emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-"
"qualified filename</emphasis> as an example: \"<literal>/usr/share/keytables/"
"us.map.gz</literal>\".  However, people also refers to its basename "
"\"<literal>us.map.gz</literal>\" alone as a filename."
msgstr ""
"所有的<emphasis role=\"strong\">全限定文件名</emphasis>以“<literal>/</"
"literal>”目錄開始，並且在每個目錄或文件名之間有一個“<literal>/</literal>”。第"
"一個“<literal>/</literal>”是最頂層目錄，其他的“<literal>/</literal>”用於分隔"
"跟着的子目錄。直到到達最後的入口，即實際文件的名稱。這些話可能會令人困惑。用"
"下面這個<emphasis role=\"strong\">全限定文件名</emphasis>作爲例"
"子：“<literal>/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz</literal>”。不過，人們也把它的基"
"名“<literal>us.map.gz</literal>”單獨作爲文件名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The root directory has a number of branches, such as \"<literal>/etc/</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/</literal>\".  These subdirectories in turn "
"branch into still more subdirectories, such as \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\".  The whole thing viewed "
"collectively is called the <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory tree</"
"emphasis>.  You can think of an absolute filename as a route from the base "
"of the tree (\"<literal>/</literal>\") to the end of some branch (a file).  "
"You also hear people talk about the directory tree as if it were a <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">family</emphasis> tree encompassing all direct descendants "
"of a single figure called the root directory (\"<literal>/</literal>\"): "
"thus subdirectories have <emphasis role=\"strong\">parents</emphasis>, and a "
"path shows the complete ancestry of a file.  There are also relative paths "
"that begin somewhere other than the root directory.  You should remember "
"that the directory \"<literal>../</literal>\" refers to the parent "
"directory.  This terminology also applies to other directory like "
"structures, such as hierarchical data structures."
msgstr ""
"根目錄有很多分支，例如“<literal>/etc/</literal>”和“<literal>/usr/</"
"literal>”。這些子目錄依次分出更多的子目錄，例如“<literal>/etc/init.d/</"
"literal>”和“<literal>/usr/local/</literal>”。這整體叫做“<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">目錄樹</emphasis>”。你可以把一個絕對文件名想象成從“<literal>/</"
"literal>”這棵樹的基到某個分支（一個文件）的結尾的一條路徑。你也聽到人們談論目"
"錄樹，就好像它是一個包含所有直系後代的“<emphasis role=\"strong\">家庭</"
"emphasis>”樹的一個圖，這個圖叫做根目錄（“<literal>/</literal>”）：因此子目錄"
"有<emphasis role=\"strong\">父</emphasis>目錄，並且一條路徑顯示了一個文件完整"
"的祖先。也有相對路徑從其他地方開始，而不是從根目錄。 你應該還記得目"
"錄“<literal>../</literal>”指向父目錄。這個術語也適用於其他類似目錄的結構，如"
"分層數據結構。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a "
"physical device, such as your hard disk.  This differs from <ulink url="
"\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&microsoftwindows;"
"\">Microsoft Windows</ulink>, where the path contains a device name such as "
"\"<literal>C:\\</literal>\".  (However, directory entries do exist that "
"refer to physical devices as a part of the normal filesystem.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>.)"
msgstr ""
"對於一個物理設備, 是沒有一個特定的目錄路徑名來對應的組成部分. 這不同於<ulink "
"url=\"&rtbb;\">RT-11</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cpm;\">CP/M</ulink>,<ulink url="
"\"&openvms;\">OpenVMS</ulink>,<ulink url=\"&msdos;\">MS-DOS</ulink>,<ulink "
"url=\"&amigaos;\">AmigaOS</ulink>, 以及<ulink url=\"&microsoftwindows;\">微軟"
"的Windows</ulink>，這些系統存在一個路徑包含了一個設備名字，比如\"<literal>C:"
"\\</literal>\"。(儘管如此, 路徑條目確實存在引用了物理設備作爲正常的文件系統的"
"一部分. 參考<xref linkend=\"_filesystem_internals\"/>。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"While you <emphasis role=\"strong\">can</emphasis> use almost any letters or "
"symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so.  It is better "
"to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command "
"line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: "
"<literal>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` \" \\ / &gt; &lt; | ; ! # &amp; ^ * % @ $</"
"literal> .  If you want to separate words in a name, good choices are the "
"period, hyphen, and underscore.  You could also capitalize each word, "
"\"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". Experienced Linux users tend to avoid "
"spaces in filenames."
msgstr ""
"雖然你<emphasis role=\"strong\">可以</emphasis>在文件名中使用任意的字幕或者符"
"號, 但是在實際情況下這樣做是一個壞主意. 最好避免使用一些在命令行裏面含有特殊"
"意義的字符, 比如空格, 製表符, 換行符, 和其它的特殊字符: <literal>{ } ( ) [ ] "
"' ` \" \\ / &gt;&lt; | ; ! #&amp;^ * % @ $</literal>. 如果你想有一個區分度良"
"好的命名, 比較好的選擇是利用 時期, 連字符和下劃線. 你也可以每個單詞的首字母大"
"寫, 這叫大駝峯命名法, 比如這樣 \"<literal>LikeThis</literal>\". 經驗豐富的"
"Linux用戶會趨向於在文件名中不使用空格."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The word \"root\" can mean either \"root user\" or \"root directory\".  The "
"context of their usage should make it clear."
msgstr ""
"這個 \"root\" 可能既表示 \"超級用戶root\" 又表示 \" 根目錄\"(/root) . 應該根"
"據上下文確定它的用法."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The word <emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis> is used not only for "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">fully-qualified filename</emphasis> as above but "
"also for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">command search path</emphasis>.  The "
"intended meaning is usually clear from the context."
msgstr ""
"單詞<emphasis role=\"strong\">path</emphasis>不僅表示<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">包含全限定文件名</emphasis>, 也可能表示<emphasis role=\"strong\">命令搜索"
"的路徑</emphasis>. 通常路徑真實的意思是需要通過上下文來明確."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the "
"Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/"
"fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hier</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>).  You should remember "
"the following facts as the starter."
msgstr ""
"關於文件層次的最佳詳細實踐在文件系統層次標準(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz</literal>\" 和 <citerefentry> "
"<refentrytitle> hier </refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>). 你應該記住以下的一些標準作爲開始學習的步驟."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of usage of key directories"
msgstr "重要目錄的用途列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "directory"
msgstr "目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "usage of the directory"
msgstr "目錄用途"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the root directory"
msgstr "根目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "system wide configuration files"
msgstr "系統範圍的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "system log files"
msgstr "系統日志文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/home/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/home/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "all the home directories for all non-privileged users"
msgstr "所有非特權用戶的用戶目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Filesystem internals"
msgstr "文件系統深入解析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Following the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Unix tradition</emphasis>, the "
"Debian GNU/Linux system provides the <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</"
"ulink> under which physical data on hard disks and other storage devices "
"reside, and the interaction with the hardware devices such as console "
"screens and remote serial consoles are represented in an unified manner "
"under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"按照<emphasis role=\"strong\">UNIX系统的傳統</emphasis>，Debian GNU / Linux "
"的<ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">文件系统</ulink>是在物理數據儲存設備諸如硬碟或"
"其他的儲存設備上，與硬體的交互，如控制台和遠端序列終端都是以統一的方式呈現在 "
"“<literal>/ dev /</literal>” 下面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each file, directory, named pipe (a way two programs can share data), or "
"physical device on a Debian GNU/Linux system has a data structure called an "
"<ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> which describes its associated "
"attributes such as the user who owns it (owner), the group that it belongs "
"to, the time last accessed, etc.  The idea of representing just about "
"everything in the filesystem was a Unix innovation, and modern Linux kernels "
"have developed this idea ever further. Now, even information about processes "
"running in the computer can be found in the filesystem."
msgstr ""
"每個檔案、目錄、命名管道（一種兩個程式間共享資料的方法）或 Debian GNU/Linux "
"系統上的物理裝置都有一個叫做 <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink>的資料結構，"
"描述了其相關屬性，例如擁有它的使用者（所有者），它屬於的組，最後一次訪問時"
"間，等等。把所有東西都表示在檔案系統中的想法是來源於 Unix，現代的 Linux 核心"
"則將這個思路進行了擴充套件。現在，甚至有關計算機上正在執行的程序的資訊都可以"
"在檔案系統中找到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This abstract and unified representation of physical entities and internal "
"processes is very powerful since this allows us to use the same command for "
"the same kind of operation on many totally different devices. It is even "
"possible to change the way the kernel works by writing data to special files "
"that are linked to running processes."
msgstr ""
"這個對物理實體和內部進程的統一和抽象是非常強大的，因爲這允許我們用同樣的命令"
"對許多完全不同的設備進行同樣的操作。甚至可以通過向鏈接到運行進程的特殊文件寫"
"入數據來改變內核的運行方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you need to identify the correspondence between the file tree and the "
"physical entity, execute <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with no arguments."
msgstr ""
"如果你需要識別文件樹和物理實體之間的對應關係，不帶參數運行"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Filesystem permissions"
msgstr "文件系統權限"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&filesystempermissions;\">Filesystem permissions</ulink> of "
"<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system are defined for three "
"categories of affected users."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">類Unix</ulink>系統的<ulink url="
"\"&filesystempermissions;\">文件系統權限</ulink>被定義給三類受影響的用戶。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file (<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"擁有這個文件的<emphasis role=\"strong\">用戶</emphasis>（<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">u</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Other users in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file "
"belongs to (<emphasis role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"這個文件所屬<emphasis role=\"strong\">組</emphasis>的其他用戶（<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">g</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"All <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis> users (<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">o</emphasis>) also referred to as \"world\" and \"everyone\""
msgstr ""
"所有<emphasis role=\"strong\">其餘</emphasis>的用戶（<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">o</emphasis>），同樣稱爲“世界”和“所有人”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For the file, each corresponding permission allows following actions."
msgstr "對文件來說，每個對應權限允許下列動作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</"
"emphasis>) permission allows owner to examine contents of the file."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可讀</emphasis>（<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</"
"emphasis>）權限允許所有者檢查文件的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</"
"emphasis>) permission allows owner to modify the file."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可寫</emphasis>（<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</"
"emphasis>）權限允許所有者修改文件內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">x</emphasis>) permission allows owner to run the file as a command."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可執行</emphasis>（<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</"
"emphasis>）權限允許所有者把文件當做一個命令運行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the directory, each corresponding permission allows following actions."
msgstr "對於目錄來說，每個對應權限允許下列動作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</"
"emphasis>) permission allows owner to list contents of the directory."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可讀</emphasis>（<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</"
"emphasis>）權限允許所有者列出目錄內的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</"
"emphasis>) permission allows owner to add or remove files in the directory."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可寫</emphasis>（<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</"
"emphasis>）權限允許所有者添加或刪除目錄裏面的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> (<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">x</emphasis>) permission allows owner to access files in the directory."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可執行</emphasis>（<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</"
"emphasis>）權限允許所有者訪問目錄裏的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, the <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> permission on a "
"directory means not only to allow reading of files in that directory but "
"also to allow viewing their attributes, such as the size and the "
"modification time."
msgstr ""
"在這裏，一個目錄的<emphasis role=\"strong\">可執行</emphasis>權限意味着不僅允"
"許讀目錄裏的文件，還允許顯示他們的屬性，例如大小和修改時間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is used to display permission information (and more) for files "
"and directories.  When it is invoked with the \"<literal>-l</literal>\" "
"option, it displays the following information in the order given."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>用於顯示文件和目錄的權限信息（更多）。當運行時帶有“<literal>-l</"
"literal>”選項，它將按給定順序顯示下列信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Type of file</emphasis> (first character)"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">文件類型</emphasis>（第一個字母）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Access <emphasis role=\"strong\">permission</emphasis> of the file (nine "
"characters, consisting of three characters each for user, group, and other "
"in this order)"
msgstr ""
"文件的訪問<emphasis role=\"strong\">權限</emphasis>（9個字符，三個字符組成一"
"組按照用戶、組、其他的順序表示）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Number of hard links</emphasis> to the file"
msgstr "鏈接到文件的<emphasis role=\"strong\">硬鏈接數</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> who owns the file"
msgstr "文件所有者的<emphasis role=\"strong\">用戶</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Name of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis> which the file "
"belongs to"
msgstr "這個文件所屬的<emphasis role=\"strong\">組</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Size</emphasis> of the file in characters (bytes)"
msgstr "以字符（字節）爲單位的文件<emphasis role=\"strong\">大小</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Date and time</emphasis> of the file (mtime)"
msgstr "文件的<emphasis role=\"strong\">日期和時間</emphasis>（mtime）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Name</emphasis> of the file"
msgstr "文件的<emphasis role=\"strong\">名字</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of the first character of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output"
msgstr "“<literal>ls -l</literal>”輸出的第一個字符列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "character"
msgstr "字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "meaning"
msgstr "說明"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "normal file"
msgstr "普通文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>d</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>l</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>l</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "symlink"
msgstr "符號鏈接"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>c</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "character device node"
msgstr "字符設備節點"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>b</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>b</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "block device node"
msgstr "塊設備節點"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>p</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>p</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "named pipe"
msgstr "命名管道"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>s</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>s</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "socket"
msgstr "套接字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is used from the root account to change the owner of the "
"file.  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is used from the file's owner or root account to "
"change the group of the file.  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is used from the "
"file's owner or root account to change file and directory access "
"permissions.  Basic syntax to manipulate a <literal>foo</literal> file is "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>用於 root 賬戶修改文件的所有者。"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>用於文件的所有者或 root 賬戶修改文件所屬的組。"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>用於文件的所有者或root賬戶修改文件和文件夾的訪問權限。操作一個"
"<literal>foo</literal>文件的基本語法如下 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
"# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
"# chmod  [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"
msgstr ""
"# chown &lt;newowner&gt; foo\n"
"# chgrp &lt;newgroup&gt; foo\n"
"# chmod  [ugoa][+-=][rwxXst][,...] foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, you can make a directory tree to be owned by a user "
"<literal>foo</literal> and shared by a group <literal>bar</literal> by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"例如，你可以按照下面使一個目錄樹被用戶<literal>foo</literal>所有，並共享給組"
"<literal>bar</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /some/location/\n"
"# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."
msgstr ""
"# cd /some/location/\n"
"# chown -R foo:bar .\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX,o=rX ."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are three more special permission bits."
msgstr "有三個更加特殊的權限位。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> bit (<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of "
"user's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Set_User_ID</emphasis>位（<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">s</emphasis>或<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>替換用戶的<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> bit (<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">s</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis> instead of "
"group's <emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Set_Group_ID</emphasis>位（<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">s</emphasis>或<emphasis role=\"strong\">S</emphasis>替換組的<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky</emphasis> bit (<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">t</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis> instead of other's "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">粘置</emphasis>位（<emphasis role=\"strong\">t</"
"emphasis>或<emphasis role=\"strong\">T</emphasis>替代其他用戶的<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">x</emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here the output of \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" for these bits is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">capitalized</emphasis> if execution bits hidden by these "
"outputs are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unset</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"這裏“<literal>ls -l</literal>”對這些位的輸出是<emphasis role=\"strong\">大寫"
"</emphasis>的，如果這些輸出裏隱藏了可執行位，則它<emphasis role=\"strong\">未"
"設置</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> on an executable "
"file allows a user to execute the executable file with the owner ID of the "
"file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Similarly, "
"setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on an executable "
"file allows a user to execute the executable file with the group ID of the "
"file (for example <emphasis role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>).  Because these "
"settings can cause security risks, enabling them requires extra caution."
msgstr ""
"給一個可執行文件設置<emphasis role=\"strong\">Set-User-ID</emphasis>位將允許"
"一個用戶以他自己的ID運行這個可執行文件（例如<emphasis role=\"strong\">root</"
"emphasis>）。類似的，給一個可執行文件設置了<emphasis role=\"strong\">Set-"
"Group-ID</emphasis>位將允許一個用戶以文件的組ID運行該文件。（例如<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">root</emphasis>組）。由於這些設置可能引起安全風險，使能它們的"
"時候需要格外留意。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Setting <emphasis role=\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> on a directory "
"enables the <ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">BSD-like</ulink> file creation scheme "
"where all files created in the directory belong to the <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">group</emphasis> of the directory."
msgstr ""
"在一個目錄上設置“<emphasis role=\"strong\">Set-Group-ID</emphasis>”將打開"
"<ulink url=\"&bsdlike;\">類 BSD </ulink>的文件創建計劃，所有在目錄裏面創建的"
"文件將屬於目錄所屬的<emphasis role=\"strong\">組</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky bit</emphasis> on a directory "
"prevents a file in the directory from being removed by a user who is not the "
"owner of the file.  In order to secure contents of a file in world-writable "
"directories such as \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" or in group-writable "
"directories, one must not only reset the <emphasis role=\"strong\">write</"
"emphasis> permission for the file but also set the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">sticky bit</emphasis> on the directory.  Otherwise, the file can be "
"removed and a new file can be created with the same name by any user who has "
"write access to the directory."
msgstr ""
"給一個目錄設定“<emphasis role=\"strong\">粘滯位</emphasis>”將保護該目錄內的檔"
"案不被其所有者之外的一個使用者刪除。為了保護一個在像“<literal>/tmp</"
"literal>”這樣所有人可寫或同組可寫的目錄下檔案內容的安全，不僅要去除<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">可寫</emphasis>許可權，還要給其所在目錄設定<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">粘滯位</emphasis>。否則，該檔案可以被任意對其所在目錄有寫許可權的"
"使用者刪除並建立一個同名的新檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here are a few interesting examples of file permissions."
msgstr "這裏有少量有趣的文件權限例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"crw------T 1 root root   108, 0 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/ppp\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     2761 Aug 30 10:38 /etc/passwd\n"
"-rw-r----- 1 root shadow   1695 Aug 30 10:38 /etc/shadow\n"
"-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root   973824 Sep 23 20:04 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwxrwt 14 root root  20480 Oct 16 21:25 /tmp\n"
"drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff  4096 Sep 29 22:50 /usr/local\n"
"drwxr-xr-x 10 root root   4096 Oct 11 00:28 /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  2 root mail   4096 Oct 15 21:40 /var/mail\n"
"drwxrwxrwt  3 root root   4096 Oct 16 21:20 /var/tmp"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /dev/ppp /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"crw------T 1 root root   108, 0 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/ppp\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     2761 Aug 30 10:38 /etc/passwd\n"
"-rw-r----- 1 root shadow   1695 Aug 30 10:38 /etc/shadow\n"
"-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root   973824 Sep 23 20:04 /usr/sbin/exim4\n"
"$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp /usr/local /var/mail /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwxrwt 14 root root  20480 Oct 16 21:25 /tmp\n"
"drwxrwsr-x 10 root staff  4096 Sep 29 22:50 /usr/local\n"
"drwxr-xr-x 10 root root   4096 Oct 11 00:28 /usr/src\n"
"drwxrwsr-x  2 root mail   4096 Oct 15 21:40 /var/mail\n"
"drwxrwxrwt  3 root root   4096 Oct 16 21:20 /var/tmp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There is an alternative numeric mode to describe file permissions with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>.  This numeric mode uses 3 to 4 digit wide octal (radix=8) "
"numbers."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>有另一種數值模式來描述檔案許可權。這種數字模式使用3到4位八進位制"
"（底為8）數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"The numeric mode for file permissions in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令文件權限的數字模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "digit"
msgstr "數字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1st optional digit"
msgstr "第一個可選數字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">sticky bit</emphasis> (=1)"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">set user ID</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">set group ID</emphasis> (=2) 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\">sticky "
"bit</emphasis> (=1) 之和"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "2nd digit"
msgstr "第二個數字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"sum of <emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">write</emphasis> (=2), and <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</"
"emphasis> (=1) permissions for <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">read</emphasis> (=4), <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">write</emphasis> (=2), 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\">execute</emphasis> "
"(=1) 權限之和， <emphasis role=\"strong\">user</emphasis> 用戶"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "3rd digit"
msgstr "第三個數字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>"
msgstr "同上， <emphasis role=\"strong\">group</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "4th digit"
msgstr "第四個數字位"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ditto for <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>"
msgstr "同上， <emphasis role=\"strong\">other</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This sounds complicated but it is actually quite simple.  If you look at the "
"first few (2-10) columns from \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" command output "
"and read it as a binary (radix=2) representation of file permissions (\"-\" "
"being \"0\" and \"rwx\" being \"1\"), the last 3 digit of the numeric mode "
"value should make sense as an octal (radix=8) representation of file "
"permissions to you."
msgstr ""
"這聽起來很複雜實際上相當簡單。如果你把“<literal>ls -l</literal>”命令輸出的前"
"幾列（2-10），看成以二進位制（底為2）表示檔案的許可權（“-”看成0，“rwx”看成"
"1），你應該可以理解用數字模式值的最後3位數字對檔案許可權的八進位制表示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For example, try the following"
msgstr "嘗試下列例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ touch foo bar\n"
"$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
"$ chmod 644 bar\n"
"$ ls -l foo bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:39 bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:35 foo"
msgstr ""
"$ touch foo bar\n"
"$ chmod u=rw,go=r foo\n"
"$ chmod 644 bar\n"
"$ ls -l foo bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:39 bar\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:35 foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you need to access information displayed by \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" "
"in shell script, you should use pertinent commands such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>test</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>stat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>readlink</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.  The shell builtin such as \"<literal>[</literal>"
"\" or \"<literal>test</literal>\" may be used too."
msgstr ""
"如果你需要在 shell 指令碼中訪問“<literal>ls -l</literal>”顯示的資訊，你需要使"
"用相關命令，如<citerefentry><refentrytitle>test</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>stat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>和"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>readlink</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。shell 內建命令，如“<literal>[</"
"literal>”或“<literal>test</literal>”，可能也會用到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Control of permissions for newly created files: umask"
msgstr "控制新建檔案的許可權：umask"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"What permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is "
"restricted by the <literal>umask</literal> shell builtin command.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>builtins</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"什麼許可權將應用到新建檔案受 shell 內建命令 <literal>umask</literal> 的限制。"
"參見<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，和"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>內建命令</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid " (file permissions) = (requested file permissions) &amp; ~(umask value)"
msgstr " (檔案許可權) = (請求的檔案許可權) &amp; ~(umask 值)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis> value examples"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">umask</emphasis>值舉例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "umask"
msgstr "umask值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "file permissions created"
msgstr "建立的檔案許可權"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "directory permissions created"
msgstr "建立的目錄許可權"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "usage"
msgstr "用法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>0022</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0022</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-r--r--</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rwxr-xr-x</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "writable only by the user"
msgstr "僅所屬使用者可寫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>0002</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0002</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-rw-r--</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rwxrwxr-x</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "writable by the group"
msgstr "僅所屬組可寫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system uses a user private group (UPG) scheme as its default. A "
"UPG is created whenever a new user is added to the system. A UPG has the "
"same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only "
"member of the UPG. UPG scheme makes it safe to set umask to <literal>0002</"
"literal> since every user has their own private group.  (In some Unix "
"variants, it is quite common to setup all normal users belonging to a single "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis> group and is a "
"good idea to set umask to <literal>0022</literal> for security in such "
"cases.)"
msgstr ""
"Debian 預設使用使用者私人組（UPG）。每當一個新使用者新增到系統的時候都會建立"
"一個UPG。UPG 的名字和建立它的使用者相同，這個使用者是這個UPG的唯一成員。自從"
"每個使用者都有自己的私人組之後，把umask設定成<literal>0002</literal>變得更安"
"全了。（在某些 Unix 變體中，把所有普通使用者設定到一個叫<emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>users</literal></emphasis>的組是非常常見的做法，在這種情"
"況下，出於安全考慮把umask設為<literal>0022</literal>是一個好主意）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Enable UPG by putting \"<literal>umask 002</literal>\" in the <literal>~/."
"bashrc</literal> file."
msgstr ""
"通過把 “<literal>umask 002</literal>” 寫入 <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> 檔案"
"開啟UPG。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Permissions for groups of users (group)"
msgstr "一組使用者的許可權（組）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to make group permissions to be applied to a particular user, that "
"user needs to be made a member of the group using \"<literal>sudo vigr</"
"literal>\" for <literal>/etc/group</literal> and \"<literal>sudo vigr -s</"
"literal>\" for <literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>.  You need to login after "
"logout (or run \"<literal>exec newgrp</literal>\") to enable the new group "
"configuration."
msgstr ""
"為了使組許可權應用到一個特定使用者，這個使用者需要通過使用 “<literal>sudo "
"vigr</literal>”  編輯 <literal>/etc/group</literal> 以及使用 “<literal>sudo "
"vigr -s</literal>” 編輯 <literal>/etc/gshadow</literal> 成為該組的成員。你需"
"要登出之後重新登入（或執行 “<literal>exec newgrp</literal>”）以啟用新的組配"
"置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you may dynamically add users to groups during the "
"authentication process by adding \"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</"
"literal>\" line to \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and setting "
"\"<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>\".  (See <xref linkend="
"\"_authentication\"/>.)"
msgstr ""
"或者，你可以通過新增一行 “<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>”到 "
"“<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>” 以及配置 “<literal>/etc/security/"
"group.conf</literal>” ，使得在身份驗證過程動態新增使用者到組。（參見<xref "
"linkend=\"_authentication\"/>。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The hardware devices are just another kind of file on the Debian system.  If "
"you have problems accessing devices such as CD-ROM and USB memory stick from "
"a user account, you should make that user a member of the relevant group."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統中，硬體裝置是另一種檔案。如果你從一個使用者賬戶訪問某些裝置出"
"現問題，例如CD-ROM和USB記憶棒，你需要使這個使用者成為相關組的成員。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to access particular "
"files and devices without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr ""
"一些著名的由系統提供的組允許其成員不需要 <literal>root</literal> 許可權訪問某"
"些特定的檔案和裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of notable system-provided groups for file access"
msgstr "關於檔案訪問的由系統提供的著名組列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "group"
msgstr "組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description for accessible files and devices"
msgstr "可訪問檔案和裝置的描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dialout</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"full and direct access to serial ports (\"<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>"
"\")"
msgstr "完全及直接的訪問串列埠埠（“<literal>/dev/ttyS[0-3]</literal>”）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dip</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dip</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"limited access to serial ports for <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</"
"emphasis> connection to trusted peers"
msgstr ""
"有限的訪問串列埠，建立到信任點的<emphasis role=\"strong\">撥號 IP </emphasis>"
"連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cdrom</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cdrom</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW drives"
msgstr "CD-ROM, DVD+/-RW 驅動器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>audio</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>audio</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "audio device"
msgstr "音訊裝置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>video</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>video</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "video device"
msgstr "視訊裝置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>scanner</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>scanner</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "scanner(s)"
msgstr "掃描器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>adm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>adm</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "system monitoring logs"
msgstr "系統監控日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>staff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>staff</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"some directories for junior administrative work: \"<literal>/usr/local</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/home</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"一些用於初級管理工作的目錄：“<literal>/usr/local</literal>”，“<literal>/"
"home</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You need to belong to the <literal>dialout</literal> group to reconfigure "
"modem, dial anywhere, etc.  But if <literal>root</literal> creates pre-"
"defined configuration files for trusted peers in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/</"
"literal>\", you only need to belong to the <literal>dip</literal> group to "
"create <emphasis role=\"strong\">Dialup IP</emphasis> connection to those "
"trusted peers using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>poff</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands."
msgstr ""
"你需要屬於 <literal>dialout</literal> 組使得可以重配置調變解調器，撥號到任意"
"地方，等等。但如果<literal>root</literal> 使用者在 “<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/"
"</literal>” 為受信任點建立了預定義配置檔案的話，你只需要屬於<literal>dip</"
"literal> 組，就可以通過使用<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，以及<citerefentry><refentrytitle>poff</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>命令 建立<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">撥號 IP </emphasis>連結到這些受信任的點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Some notable system-provided groups allow their members to execute "
"particular commands without <literal>root</literal> privilege."
msgstr ""
"某些著名的由系統提供的組允許它們的成員不帶 <literal>root</literal> 許可權執行"
"特定的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions"
msgstr "著名的由系統提供用於特定命令執行的組列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "accessible commands"
msgstr "可訪問命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>sudo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sudo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "execute <literal>sudo</literal> without their password"
msgstr "不帶它們的密碼執行 <literal>sudo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lpadmin</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"execute commands to add, modify, and remove printers from printer databases"
msgstr "執行命令以從印表機資料庫新增、修改、移除印表機"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the full listing of the system provided users and groups, see the recent "
"version of the \"Users and Groups\" document in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>\" provided by the <literal>base-"
"passwd</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"由系統提供的使用者和組的完整列表，參見由 <literal>base-passwd</literal>包提供"
"的“<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>”中，當"
"前版本的“使用者和組”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vipw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vigr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for management commands of the user and group "
"system."
msgstr ""
"使用者和組系統的管理命令，參見<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vipw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vigr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，以及<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_group</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Timestamps"
msgstr "時間戳"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are three types of timestamps for a GNU/Linux file."
msgstr "GNU/Linux 文件有三種類型的時間戳。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of types of timestamps"
msgstr "時間戳類型列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "type"
msgstr "類型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "meaning (historic Unix definition)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the file modification time (<literal>ls -l</literal>)"
msgstr "文件修改時間(<literal>ls-1</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the file status change time (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"
msgstr "文件狀態修改時間 (<literal>ls -lc</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the last file access time (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"
msgstr "文件最後被訪問的時間 (<literal>ls -lu</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> 不是文件創建時間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The actual value of <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> on GNU/Linux "
"system may be different from that of the historic Unix definition."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Overwriting a file changes all of the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</"
"emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, and <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attributes of the file."
msgstr ""
"覆蓋一個文件，將會改變該文件所有的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">mtime</"
"emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis>, 和 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">atime</emphasis> 屬性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Changing ownership or permission of a file changes the <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> "
"attributes of the file."
msgstr ""
"改變文件的所有者或者權限，將改變文件的<emphasis role=\"strong\"> ctime</"
"emphasis> 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\"> atime</emphasis> 屬性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Reading a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of "
#| "the file."
msgid ""
"Reading a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> "
"attribute of the file on the historic Unix system."
msgstr "讀一個文件，將改變文件的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Reading a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> of "
#| "the file."
msgid ""
"Reading a file changes the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> "
"attribute of the file on the GNU/Linux system if its filesystem is mounted "
"with \"<literal>strictatime</literal>\"."
msgstr "讀一個文件，將改變文件的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Reading a file for the first time or after one day changes the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attribute of the file on the GNU/Linux "
"system if its filesystem is mounted with \"<literal>relatime</literal>\". "
"(default behavior since Linux 2.6.30)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Reading a file doesn't change the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> "
"attribute of the file on the GNU/Linux system if its filesystem is mounted "
"with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package offers advanced network "
#| "configuration using the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</"
#| "emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</"
#| "emphasis> name.  I use a terminology being slightly different from the "
#| "one used in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" and \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" mount "
"options are introduced to improve the filesystem read performance under the "
"normal use cases.  Simple file read operation under the "
"\"<literal>strictatime</literal>\" option accompanies the time-consuming "
"write operation to update the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> "
"attribute.  But the <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> attribute is "
"rarely used except for the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mbox</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包提供高階網路配置，使用<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名和<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</"
"emphasis>名。我使用的術語和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 以及 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>有少量不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>touch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command to change timestamps of existing files."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>touch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令修改已存在檔案的時間戳。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For timestamps, the <literal>ls</literal> command outputs different strings "
"under non-English locale (\"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\") from under the "
"old one (\"<literal>C</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"對於時間戳，<literal>ls</literal> 命令輸出欄位在非英語區域（“<literal>fr_FR."
"UTF-8</literal>”） 與舊的區域（“<literal>C</literal>”）不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 oct. 16 21:35 foo\n"
"$ LANG=C  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:35 foo"
msgstr ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 oct. 16 21:35 foo\n"
"$ LANG=C  ls -l foo\n"
"-rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:35 foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> to customize "
"\"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" output."
msgstr ""
"參考<xref linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/> 自定義 "
"“<literal>ls -l</literal>” 輸出 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Links"
msgstr "連結"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are two methods of associating a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with "
"a different filename \"<literal>bar</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"有兩種方法把一個檔案 “<literal>foo</literal>” 連結到一個不同的檔名 "
"“<literal>bar</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">Hard link</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&hardlink;\">硬連結</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Duplicate name for an existing file"
msgstr "對現有檔案重複名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>ln foo bar</literal>\""
msgstr "“<literal>ln foo bar</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&symboliclinkorsymlink;\">Symbolic link or symlink</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&symboliclinkorsymlink;\">符號連結或 symlink</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Special file that points to another file by name"
msgstr "通過名字指向另一個檔案的特殊檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>\""
msgstr "“<literal>ln -s foo bar</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See the following example for changes in link counts and the subtle "
"differences in the result of the <literal>rm</literal> command."
msgstr ""
"請參閱下面的示例，<literal>rm</literal> 命令結果中連結數的變化和細微的差別。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ umask 002\n"
"$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 foo\n"
"$ ln foo bar     # hard link\n"
"$ ln -s foo baz  # symlink\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 bar\n"
"1450180 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 Oct 16 21:47 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 foo\n"
"$ rm foo\n"
"$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 bar\n"
"1450180 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 Oct 16 21:47 baz -&gt; foo\n"
"1450183 -rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 Oct 16 21:48 foo\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Original Content\n"
"$ cat baz\n"
"New Content"
msgstr ""
"$ umask 002\n"
"$ echo \"Original Content\" &gt; 1 foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 foo\n"
"$ ln foo bar     # 硬連結\n"
"$ ln -s foo baz  # 符號連結\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 bar\n"
"1450180 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 Oct 16 21:47 baz -&gt; 2 foo\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 2 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 foo\n"
"$ rm foo\n"
"$ echo \"New Content\" &gt; 3 foo\n"
"$ ls -li foo bar baz\n"
"1449840 -rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 17 Oct 16 21:42 bar\n"
"1450180 lrwxrwxrwx 1 penguin penguin  3 Oct 16 21:47 baz -&gt; 4 foo\n"
"1450183 -rw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 12 Oct 16 21:48 foo\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Original Content\n"
"$ cat baz\n"
"New Content"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The hardlink can be made within the same filesystem and shares the same "
"inode number which the \"<literal>-i</literal>\" option with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> reveals."
msgstr ""
"硬連結可以在同一個檔案系統內建立，並共用同一個inode號，由"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>帶 “<literal>-i</literal>”選項顯示的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The symlink always has nominal file access permissions of "
"\"<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>\", as shown in the above example, with the "
"effective access permissions dictated by permissions of the file that it "
"points to."
msgstr ""
"符號連結總是名義上具有“<literal>rwxrwxrwx</literal>”的檔案訪問許可權，如上面"
"例子所示，實際的有效訪問許可權由它所指向的檔案確定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"It is generally a good idea not to create complicated symbolic links or "
"hardlinks at all unless you have a very good reason.  It may cause "
"nightmares where the logical combination of the symbolic links results in "
"loops in the filesystem."
msgstr ""
"除非你有非常好的理由，否則不要建立一個複雜的符號連結或硬連結通常是個好主意。"
"符號連結的邏輯組合可能導致檔案系統噩夢般的無限迴圈。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"It is generally preferable to use symbolic links rather than hardlinks "
"unless you have a good reason for using a hardlink."
msgstr "通常使用符號連結比使用硬連結更合適，除非你有一個好理由使用硬連結。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>.</literal>\" directory links to the directory that it "
"appears in, thus the link count of any new directory starts at 2.  The "
"\"<literal>..</literal>\" directory links to the parent directory, thus the "
"link count of the directory increases with the addition of new "
"subdirectories."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>.</literal>”目錄連結到它所在的目錄，因此任何新建目錄的連結數從2開"
"始。“<literal>..</literal>”目錄連結到父目錄，因此目錄的連結數隨著新的子目錄的"
"建立而增加。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are just moving to Linux from Windows, it soon becomes clear how well-"
"designed the filename linking of Unix is, compared with the nearest Windows "
"equivalent of \"shortcuts\".  Because it is implemented in the filesystem, "
"applications can't see any difference between a linked file and the "
"original. In the case of hardlinks, there really is no difference."
msgstr ""
"如果你剛從Windows遷移到Linux，你很快將清楚 Unix 的檔名連結相較於Windows最相近"
"的“快捷方式”是多麼精心設計的。由於它是在檔案系統中實現的，應用無法看到連結檔"
"案跟原始檔案之間的區別。在硬連結這種情況，這真的是毫無差別。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Named pipes (FIFOs)"
msgstr "命名管道（先進先出）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">named pipe</ulink> is a file that acts like a "
"pipe.  You put something into the file, and it comes out the other end.  "
"Thus it's called a FIFO, or First-In-First-Out: the first thing you put in "
"the pipe is the first thing to come out the other end."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&namedpipe;\">命名管道</ulink>是一個像管道一樣的檔案。你把內容放"
"進了檔案，它從另一端出來。因此，它被稱為FIFO，即先進先出：你從管道這端先放進"
"去的東西會從另一端先出來。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you write to a named pipe, the process which is writing to the pipe "
"doesn't terminate until the information being written is read from the "
"pipe.  If you read from a named pipe, the reading process waits until there "
"is nothing to read before terminating.  The size of the pipe is always zero "
"--- it does not store data, it just links two processes like the "
"functionality offered by the shell \"<literal>|</literal>\" syntax.  "
"However, since this pipe has a name, the two processes don't have to be on "
"the same command line or even be run by the same user. Pipes were a very "
"influential innovation of Unix."
msgstr ""
"如果對一個命名管道進行寫入操作，寫入的過程不會被終止，直到寫入的資訊從管道中"
"被讀取出來。讀取過程將會持續到沒有資訊可以讀取為止。管道的大小始終是零，它不"
"儲存資料，它只是連線兩個過程，像shell提供的 \"<literal> 1|</literal> 2\" 語法"
"功能一樣。然而，一旦管道有了名稱，這兩個程序就可以不必在同一個命令列，甚至由"
"同一個使用者執行。管道是 UNIX 的一個非常有影響力的創新。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
"$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # put into background\n"
"[1] 8022\n"
"$ ls -l mypipe\n"
"prw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:49 mypipe\n"
"$ cat mypipe\n"
"hello\n"
"[1]+  Done                    echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
"$ ls mypipe\n"
"mypipe\n"
"$ rm mypipe"
msgstr ""
"$ cd; mkfifo mypipe\n"
"$ echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe &amp; # 放到後臺執行\n"
"[1] 8022\n"
"$ ls -l mypipe\n"
"prw-rw-r-- 1 penguin penguin 0 Oct 16 21:49 mypipe\n"
"$ cat mypipe\n"
"hello\n"
"[1]+  Done                    echo \"hello\" &gt;mypipe\n"
"$ ls mypipe\n"
"mypipe\n"
"$ rm mypipe"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Sockets"
msgstr "套接字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Sockets are used extensively by all the Internet communication, databases, "
"and the operating system itself. It is similar to the named pipe (FIFO) and "
"allows processes to exchange information even between different computers.  "
"For the socket, those processes do not need to be running at the same time "
"nor to be running as the children of the same ancestor process.  This is the "
"endpoint for <ulink url=\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">the inter "
"process communication (IPC)</ulink>.  The exchange of information may occur "
"over the network between different hosts.  The two most common ones are "
"<ulink url=\"&theinternetsocket;\">the Internet socket</ulink> and <ulink "
"url=\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">the Unix domain socket</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"套接字被廣泛應用於所有的網際網路通訊，資料庫和作業系統本身。它類似於命名管道"
"（FIFO）並且允許程序之間甚至不同計算機之間進行資訊交換。對於套接字，這些程序"
"不需要在同一時間執行，也不需要是同一個父程序的子程序。它是<ulink url="
"\"&theinterprocesscommunicationipc;\">程序間通訊（IPC）</ulink>的一個節點。資"
"訊的交換可能會通過網路發生在不同主機之間。最常見的兩種是 <ulink url="
"\"&theinternetsocket;\"> 網際網路套接字</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&theunixdomainsocket;\">UNIX域套接字</ulink> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\" provides a very useful overview of "
"sockets that are open on a given system."
msgstr ""
"通過 \"<literal>netstat -an</literal>\"  命令可以很方便的檢視系統已經打開了那"
"些套接字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Device files"
msgstr "設備文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">Device files</ulink> refer to physical or "
"virtual devices on your system, such as your hard disk, video card, screen, "
"or keyboard.  An example of a virtual device is the console, represented by "
"\"<literal>/dev/console</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&devicefiles;\">設備文件</ulink>包括系統的物理設備和虛擬設備，如"
"硬盤、顯卡、顯示屏、鍵盤。虛擬設備的一個例子是控制檯，用“<literal>/dev/"
"console</literal>”來描述。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are 2 types of device files."
msgstr "設備文件有兩種類型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Character device</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">字符設備</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Accessed one character at a time"
msgstr "每次訪問一個字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "1 character = 1 byte"
msgstr "一個字符等於一個字節"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "E.g. keyboard device, serial port, …"
msgstr "如鍵盤、串口…"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Block device</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">塊設備</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "accessed in larger units called blocks"
msgstr "通過更大的單元–塊，進行訪問"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "1 block &gt; 1 byte"
msgstr "一個塊&gt;一個字節"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "E.g. hard disk, …"
msgstr "如硬盤等…"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can read and write device files, though the file may well contain binary "
"data which may be an incomprehensible-to-humans gibberish.  Writing data "
"directly to these files is sometimes useful for the troubleshooting of "
"hardware connections.  For example, you can dump a text file to the printer "
"device \"<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>\" or send modem commands to the "
"appropriate serial port \"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\".  But, unless this "
"is done carefully, it may cause a major disaster.  So be cautious."
msgstr ""
"你可以讀寫塊設備文件，儘管該文件可能包含二進制數據，讀取後顯示出無法理解的亂"
"碼。向文件寫入數據，有時可以幫助定位硬件連接故障。比如，你可以將文本文件導入"
"打印機設備“<literal>/dev/lp0</literal>”，或者將調製解調命令發送到合適的串"
"口“<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>”。但是，除非這些操作都小心完成，否則可能會導"
"致一場大災難。所以要特別小心。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For the normal access to a printer, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"常規訪問打印機，使用<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The device node number are displayed by executing "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> as the following."
msgstr ""
"設備的節點數可以通過執行<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>得到，如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l /dev/sda /dev/sr0 /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
"brw-rw---T  1 root disk     8,  0 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/sda\n"
"brw-rw---T+ 1 root cdrom   11,  0 Oct 16 21:53 /dev/sr0\n"
"crw-rw---T  1 root dialout  4, 64 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/ttyS0\n"
"crw-rw-rw-  1 root root     1,  5 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/zero"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -l /dev/sda /dev/sr0 /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero\n"
"brw-rw---T  1 root disk     8,  0 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/sda\n"
"brw-rw---T+ 1 root cdrom   11,  0 Oct 16 21:53 /dev/sr0\n"
"crw-rw---T  1 root dialout  4, 64 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/ttyS0\n"
"crw-rw-rw-  1 root root     1,  5 Oct 16 20:57 /dev/zero"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\" has the major device number 8 and the minor "
"device number 0.  This is read/write accessible by users belonging to the "
"<literal>disk</literal> group."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\"的主設備號是8，次設備號是0。它可以被"
"<literal>disk</literal>羣組的用戶讀寫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/sr0</literal>\" has the major device number 11 and the minor "
"device number 0.  This is read/write accessible by users belonging to the "
"<literal>cdrom</literal> group."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dev/sr0</literal>\"的主設備號是11，次設備號是0。它可以被"
"<literal>cdrom</literal>羣組的用戶讀寫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\" has the major device number 4 and the "
"minor device number 64.  This is read/write accessible by users belonging to "
"the <literal>dialout</literal> group."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dev/ttyS0</literal>\"的主設備號是4，次設備號是64。它可以被"
"<literal>dailout</literal>羣組的用戶讀寫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\" has the major device number 1 and the minor "
"device number 5.  This is read/write accessible by anyone."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dev/zero</literal>\"的主設備號是1，次設備號是5。它可以被任意用戶"
"讀寫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"On the modern Linux system, the filesystem under \"<literal>/dev/</literal>"
"\" is automatically populated by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> mechanism."
msgstr ""
"在現代Linux系統中，處在\"<literal>/dev</literal>\"之下的文件系統會自動被"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum></manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>機制填充。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Special device files"
msgstr "特別設備文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are some special device files."
msgstr "還有一些特別的設備文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of special device files"
msgstr "特別設備文件列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "device file"
msgstr "設備文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "action"
msgstr "操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of response"
msgstr "響應描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/null</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "read"
msgstr "讀取"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "return \"end-of-file (EOF) character\""
msgstr "返回“文件結尾字符（EOF）“"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "write"
msgstr "寫入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "return nothing (a bottomless data dump pit)"
msgstr "無返回（一個無底的數據轉存深淵）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/zero</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"return \"the <literal>\\0</literal> (NUL) character\" (not the same as the "
"number zero ASCII)"
msgstr "返回\"<literal>\\0</literal>空字符\"（與ASCII中的數字0不同）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/random</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"return random characters from a true random number generator, delivering "
"real entropy (slow)"
msgstr "從真隨機數產生器返回一個隨機字符，供應真熵（緩慢）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/urandom</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"return random characters from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number "
"generator"
msgstr "從能夠安全加密的僞隨機數產生器返回一個隨機字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/dev/full</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "return the disk-full (ENOSPC) error"
msgstr "返回磁盤已滿（ENOSPC）錯誤"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are frequently used in conjunction with the shell redirection (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"這些特別設備文件經常和shell數據重定向聯合使用（參考<xref linkend="
"\"_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "procfs and sysfs"
msgstr "procfs 和 sysfs"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</"
"ulink> mounted on \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" and \"<literal>/sys</literal>"
"\" are the pseudo-filesystem and expose internal data structures of the "
"kernel to the userspace.  In other word, these entries are virtual, meaning "
"that they act as a convenient window into the operation of the operating "
"system."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&procfs;\">procfs</ulink>和<ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink>"
"兩個僞文件系統，分別加載於\"<literal>/proc</literal>\"和\"<literal>/sys</"
"literal>\"之上，將內核中的數據結構暴露給用戶空間。或者說，這些條目是虛擬的，"
"他們打開了深入瞭解操作系統運行的方便之門。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The directory \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" contains (among other things) one "
"subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after "
"the process ID (PID). System utilities that access process information, such "
"as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, get their information from this directory structure."
msgstr ""
"目錄\"<literal>/proc</literal>\"爲每個正在運行的進程提供了一個子目錄，目錄的"
"名字就是進程標識符（PID）。需要讀取進程信息的系統工具，如"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum></manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，可以從這個目錄結構獲得信息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The directories under \"<literal>/proc/sys/</literal>\" contain interfaces "
"to change certain kernel parameters at run time.  (You may do the same "
"through the specialized <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command or its preload/"
"configuration file \"<literal>/etc/sysctl.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/proc/sys</literal>\"之下的目錄，包含了可以更改某些內核運行參數的"
"接口。（你也可以使用專門的<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum></manvolnum></citerefentry>命令修改，或者使用其預加"
"載/配置文件\"<literal>/etc/sysctl.conf</literal>\"。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"People frequently panic when they notice one file in particular - "
"\"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\" - which is generally huge.  This is (more "
"or less) a copy of the content of your computer's memory.  It's used to "
"debug the kernel.  It is a virtual file that points to computer memory, so "
"don't worry about its size."
msgstr ""
"當人們看到這個特別大的文件\"<literal>/proc/kcore</literal>\"時，常常會驚慌失"
"措。這個文件於你的的電腦內存大小相差不多。它被用來調試內核。它是一個虛擬文"
"件，指向系統內存，所以不必擔心它的大小。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The directory under \"<literal>/sys</literal>\" contains exported kernel "
"data structures, their attributes, and their linkages between them. It also "
"contains interfaces to change certain kernel parameters at run time."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/sys</literal>\"以下的目錄包含了內核輸出的數據結構，它們的屬性，以"
"及它們之間的鏈接。它同時也包含了改變某些內核運行時參數的接口。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\", \"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>"
"\" and other related documents in the Linux kernel documentation "
"(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>"
"\") provided by the <literal>linux-doc-*</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"參考\"<literal>proc.txt(.gz)</literal>\"，\"<literal>sysfs.txt(.gz)</literal>"
"\"，以及其他相關的Linux內核文檔（\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-*/"
"Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\"），這些文件由<literal>linux-doc-*</"
"literal>軟件包提供。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "tmpfs"
msgstr "tmpfs"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&tmpfs;\">tmpfs</ulink> is a temporary filesystem which "
"keeps all files in the <ulink url=\"&virtualmemory;\">virtual memory</"
"ulink>.  The data of the tmpfs in the <ulink url=\"&pagecache;\">page cache</"
"ulink> on memory may be swapped out to the <ulink url=\"&swapspace;\">swap "
"space</ulink> on disk as needed."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&tmpfs;\">tmpfs</ulink>是一個臨時文件系統，它的文件都保存在"
"<ulink url=\"&virtualmemory;\">虛擬內存</ulink>中。必要時，位於內存<ulink "
"url=\"&pagecache;\">頁緩存</ulink>的tmpfs數據可能被交換到硬盤中的<ulink url="
"\"&swapspace;\">交換分區</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The directory \"<literal>/run</literal>\" is mounted as the tmpfs in the "
"early boot process.  This enables writing to it even when the directory "
"\"<literal>/</literal>\" is mounted as read-only.  This is the new location "
"for the storage of transient state files and replaces several locations "
"described in the <ulink url=\"&filesystemhierarchystandard;\">Filesystem "
"Hierarchy Standard</ulink> version 2.3:"
msgstr ""
"系統啓動早期階段，\"<literal>/run</literal>\"目錄掛載爲tmpfs。這樣即使"
"\"<literal>/</literal>\"掛載爲只讀，它也是可以被寫入的。它爲過渡態文件提供了"
"新的存儲空間，同時也替代了<ulink url=\"&filesystemhierarchystandard;"
"\">Filesystem Hierarchy Standar</ulink>2.3版中說明的目錄位置："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/run</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/run</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lock</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run/lock</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lock</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run/lock</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/dev/shm</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run/shm</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/dev/shm</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run/shm</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>tmpfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\" in the Linux kernel documentation "
"(\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>"
"\") provided by the <literal>linux-doc-*</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"參考\"<literal>tmpfs.txt(.gz)</literal>\", 文件位於Linux內核文檔"
"（\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>"
"\"）目錄之下，由軟件包<literal>linux-doc-*</literal>提供。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Midnight Commander (MC)"
msgstr "Midnight Commander (MC)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> is a "
"GNU \"Swiss army knife\" for the Linux console and other terminal "
"environments.  This gives newbie a menu driven console experience which is "
"much easier to learn than standard Unix commands."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&midnightcommandermc;\">Midnight Commander (MC)</ulink> 是一個"
"Linux終端或其它終端環境下的 GNU 版 \"瑞士軍刀\" 。它為新手們提供了一個選單式"
"樣的終端使用體驗，這更易於學習運用標準的 Unix 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may need to install the Midnight Commander package which is titled "
"\"<literal>mc</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可能需要按照下面的命令來安裝標題為 \"<literal> mc</literal> \" 的Midnight "
"Commander 包."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install mc"
msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install mc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command to explore the Debian system.  This is the "
"best way to learn.  Please explore few interesting locations just using the "
"cursor keys and Enter key."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令那個來瀏覽 Debian 系統。這是最好的學習方式。請"
"使用游標鍵和回車鍵來翻看一些感興趣的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" and its subdirectories"
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc</literal>\" 及其子目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/log</literal>\" and its subdirectories"
msgstr "\"<literal> /var/log</literal> \" 及其子目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>\" and its subdirectories"
msgstr "\"<literal> /usr/share/doc</literal> \" 及其子目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal> /sbin</literal> \" 和 \"<literal> /bin</literal> \""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customization of MC"
msgstr "自定義 MC"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to make MC to change working directory upon exit and <literal>cd</"
"literal> to the directory, I suggest to modify \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>"
"\" to include a script provided by the <literal>mc</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"為了在退出 MC 的時候更改目錄並 <literal>cd</literal> 到其它目錄，我建議修改 "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" 包含一個由 <literal>mc</literal> 包提供的指"
"令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /usr/lib/mc/mc.sh"
msgstr ". /usr/lib/mc/mc.sh"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (under the \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option) for the reason. "
"(If you do not understand what exactly I am talking here, you can do this "
"later.)"
msgstr ""
"檢視<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (在 \"<literal>-P</literal>\" 選項裡) 的原因。 (如果你不能理解"
"我這裡說所講的，你可以稍後回頭再看)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Starting MC"
msgstr "啟動 MC"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "MC can be started by the following."
msgstr "MC 可以這樣啟動起來。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc"
msgstr "$ mc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"MC takes care of all file operations through its menu, requiring minimal "
"user effort.  Just press F1 to get the help screen.  You can play with MC "
"just by pressing cursor-keys and function-keys."
msgstr ""
"MC 通過選單覆蓋了所有的檔案操作，因此而讓使用者更省心省力。只需要按 F1 就可以"
"跳轉到幫助介面。你只需要按游標鍵和功能鍵就可以使用 MC。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"In some consoles such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-terminal</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, key strokes of "
"function-keys may be stolen by the console program.  You can disable these "
"features by \"Edit\" → \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" for <literal>gnome-terminal</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"某些終端比如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-terminal</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，功能鍵的按鍵觸發訊息可"
"能會被終端程式擷取。在 <literal>gnome-terminal</literal> 裡可以通過 \"Edit\" "
"→ \"Keyboard Shortcuts\" 選項設定來禁止這類訊息。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you encounter character encoding problem which displays garbage "
"characters, adding \"<literal>-a</literal>\" to MC's command line may help "
"prevent problems."
msgstr ""
"如果你遇到字元編碼問題，顯示出來都是亂碼，通過新增\"<literal>-a</literal>"
"\"到 MC 命令列或許有助於避免此類問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If this doesn't clear up your display problems with MC, see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""
"如果這樣不能解決 MC 中的顯示問題，可以參考 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_terminal_configuration\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "File manager in MC"
msgstr "MC 文件管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default is two directory panels containing file lists.  Another useful "
"mode is to set the right window to \"information\" to see file access "
"privilege information, etc.  Following are some essential keystrokes.  With "
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> daemon running, one can use a mouse on Linux "
"character consoles, too.  (Make sure to press the shift-key to obtain the "
"normal behavior of cut and paste in MC.)"
msgstr ""
"預設的兩個目錄面板裡包含了檔案列表。另一個有用的模式是設定右邊視窗為 \"資訊"
"\" 來讀取檔案訪問許可權資訊。接下來是一些必要的快捷鍵。守護程序"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>執行的時候，你也可以在字元命令列裡用滑鼠來操作。 (在 MC 裡進行復"
"制和貼上操作的時候一定要按住 shift 鍵。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The key bindings of MC"
msgstr "MC 快捷鍵綁定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "key"
msgstr "快捷鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "key binding"
msgstr "鍵綁定功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "help menu"
msgstr "幫助菜單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F3</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F3</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "internal file viewer"
msgstr "內部檔案檢視器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F4</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F4</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "internal editor"
msgstr "內部編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F9</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F9</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "activate pull down menu"
msgstr "啟用下拉選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F10</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "exit Midnight Commander"
msgstr "退出 Midnight Commander"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Tab</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "move between two windows"
msgstr "在兩個窗口間移動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Insert</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Insert</literal> 或 <literal>Ctrl-T</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mark file for a multiple-file operation such as copy"
msgstr "用於多檔案操作的標記檔案，如副本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Del</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Del</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "delete file (be careful---set MC to safe delete mode)"
msgstr "刪除檔案 (注意---設定 MC 為安全刪除模式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cursor keys"
msgstr "游標鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "self-explanatory"
msgstr "自我解釋"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Command-line tricks in MC"
msgstr "MC 命令列技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>cd</literal> command changes the directory shown on the selected "
"screen."
msgstr "<literal>cd</literal> 命令在選中的螢幕中改變目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> copies a "
"filename to the command line. Use this with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> commands together with command-line editing."
msgstr ""
"<literal>Ctrl-Enter</literal> or <literal>Alt-Enter</literal> 拷貝檔名到命令"
"列。使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mv</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 兩個命令來進行處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> shows shell filename expansion choices."
msgstr "<literal>Alt-Tab</literal> 顯示檔名自動補全提示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"One can specify the starting directory for both windows as arguments to MC; "
"for example, \"<literal>mc /etc /root</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"通過新增 MC 命令引數可以指定開始目錄；例如，\"<literal>mc /etc /root</"
"literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>n-key</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> (i."
"e., <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → <literal>F1</literal>, "
"etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → <literal>F10</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>n-key</literal> → <literal>Fn</literal> (i."
"e., <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>1</literal> → <literal>F1</literal>, "
"etc.; <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>0</literal> → <literal>F10</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Pressing <literal>Esc</literal> before the key has the same effect as "
"pressing the <literal>Alt</literal> and the key together.; i.e., type "
"<literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> for <literal>Alt-C</literal>.  "
"<literal>Esc</literal> is called meta-key and sometimes noted as "
"\"<literal>M-</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"先按 <literal>Esc</literal> 鍵 和同時按 <literal>Alt</literal> 是一樣；例如, "
"輸入 <literal>Esc</literal> + <literal>c</literal> 和同時 <literal>Alt-C</"
"literal>是一樣的。<literal>Esc</literal> 被稱為 meta 鍵，有時候也稱之為 "
"\"<literal>M-</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The internal editor in MC"
msgstr "MC 內部編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The internal editor has an interesting cut-and-paste scheme.  Pressing "
"<literal>F3</literal> marks the start of a selection, a second <literal>F3</"
"literal> marks the end of selection and highlights the selection.  Then you "
"can move your cursor.  If you press F6, the selected area is moved to the "
"cursor location.  If you press F5, the selected area is copied and inserted "
"at the cursor location.  <literal>F2</literal> saves the file.  "
"<literal>F10</literal> gets you out.  Most cursor keys work intuitively."
msgstr ""
"這個內建編輯器有一個有意思的貼上方案。摁<literal> F3 </literal>開始選擇起始"
"點，再摁<literal> F3 </literal>選擇終點並高亮選擇區。此刻你可以移動你的游標，"
"使用 F6 將選區移動到當前游標下，F5 則將選區複製到當前游標下。<literal> F2 </"
"literal>儲存檔案。<literal> F10 </literal>退出。多數游標鍵以直觀的方式工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This editor can be directly started on a file using one of the following "
"commands."
msgstr "MC 編輯器可以直接以下面的命令方式啟動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc -e filename_to_edit"
msgstr "$ mc -e filename_to_edit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mcedit filename_to_edit"
msgstr "$ mcedit filename_to_edit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is not a multi-window editor, but one can use multiple Linux consoles "
"to achieve the same effect.  To copy between windows, use Alt-F&lt;n&gt; "
"keys to switch virtual consoles and use \"File→Insert file\" or \"File→Copy "
"to file\" to move a portion of a file to another file."
msgstr ""
"這不是一個多視窗編輯器，但是能通過複用終端來達到同樣的效果。在兩個視窗間複"
"製，需要用到 Alt-F &lt; n &gt; 來切換虛擬終端並使用  \"File→Insert file\" 或"
"者 \"File→Copy to file\" 來移動文字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This internal editor can be replaced with any external editor of choice."
msgstr "內部編輯器可以被外部編輯器替代。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Also, many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</"
"literal>\" or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use.  "
"If you are uncomfortable with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nano</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> initially, you may set these to \"<literal>mcedit</literal>\" "
"by adding the following lines to \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"同樣，許多程式使用環境變數<literal>$EDITOR</literal>或<literal>$VISUAL</"
"literal>來決定編輯器的使用。如果你準備使用<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>或者"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nano</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>來開始，你或許需要將下面的程式碼加入\"<literal>~/.bashrc</"
"literal>\"來對<literal>mcedit</literal>進行設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
"export VISUAL=mcedit"
msgstr ""
"export EDITOR=mcedit\n"
"export VISUAL=mcedit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "I do recommend setting these to \"<literal>vim</literal>\" if possible."
msgstr "如果可能的話我推薦用 \"<literal>vim</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are uncomfortable with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, you can keep using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mcedit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for most system maintenance tasks."
msgstr ""
"如果你使用<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>並不順手，你可以在大部分系統中繼續使用"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mcedit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>來進行工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The internal viewer in MC"
msgstr "MC 內部檢視器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"MC is a very smart viewer.  This is a great tool for searching words in "
"documents.  I always use this for files in the \"<literal>/usr/share/doc</"
"literal>\" directory.  This is the fastest way to browse through masses of "
"Linux information.  This viewer can be directly started using one of the "
"following commands."
msgstr ""
"MC是一個非常智慧的檢視器。這是一個在文件中搜索文字的好工具。我經常使用它在"
"<literal>/usr/share/doc</literal>目錄中查詢檔案。這是瀏覽大量Linux資訊的最快"
"方式。這個檢視器可以通過下列命令中的任何一個來直接啟動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view"
msgstr "$ mc -v path/to/filename_to_view"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"
msgstr "$ mcview path/to/filename_to_view"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Auto-start features of MC"
msgstr "自動啟動 MC"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Press Enter on a file, and the appropriate program handles the content of "
"the file (see <xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  This "
"is a very convenient MC feature."
msgstr ""
"在檔案中輸入回車， 用適當的程式來處理檔案的內容 (檢視 <xref linkend="
"\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>)。這是 MC 一個非常方便的用法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The reaction to the enter key in MC"
msgstr "MC 中對回車鍵的響應"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "file type"
msgstr "檔案型別"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "reaction to enter key"
msgstr "對回車鍵的響應"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "executable file"
msgstr "可執行檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "execute command"
msgstr "執行命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "man file"
msgstr "幫助文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pipe content to viewer software"
msgstr "管道內容檢視器軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "html file"
msgstr "html 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pipe content to web browser"
msgstr "管道內容網頁瀏覽器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" and \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" file"
msgstr "\"<literal>*.tar.gz</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" 文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "browse its contents as if subdirectory"
msgstr "瀏覽其內容就像檢視子目錄一樣"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to allow these viewer and virtual file features to function, "
"viewable files should not be set as executable.  Change their status using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or via the MC file menu."
msgstr ""
"為讓這些檢視器和虛擬檔案特徵生效，可檢視的檔案不能夠被設定為可執行。使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或通過 MC 檔案選單改變他們的狀態。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "FTP virtual filesystem of MC"
msgstr "MC 中的 FTP 虛擬檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"MC can be used to access files over the Internet using FTP.  Go to the menu "
"by pressing <literal>F9</literal>, then type \"<literal>p</literal>\" to "
"activate the FTP virtual filesystem.  Enter a URL in the form "
"\"<literal>username:passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\", which retrieves "
"a remote directory that appears like a local one."
msgstr ""
"MC 能夠使用 FTP 跨因特網訪問檔案。在選單按 <literal>F9</literal>, 然後輸入 "
"\"<literal>p</literal>\" 來啟用 FTP 虛擬檔案系統。按 \"<literal>username:"
"passwd@hostname.domainname</literal>\" 的形式輸入 URL,就會像本地目錄一樣來檢"
"索遠端目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Try \"[deb.debian.org/debian]\" as the URL and browse the Debian archive."
msgstr "試著開啟 \"[deb.debian.org/debian]\" 來瀏覽 Debian 的檔案組織結構。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The basic Unix-like work environment"
msgstr "類 Unix 工作環境基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although MC enables you to do almost everything, it is very important for "
"you to learn how to use the command line tools invoked from the shell prompt "
"and become familiar with the Unix-like work environment."
msgstr ""
"雖然 MC 差不多可以讓你做任何事情，但學會從 shell 提示下使用命令列工具也是非常"
"重要的，可以讓你變得熟悉類 Unix 工作環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The login shell"
msgstr "登入 shell"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can select your login shell with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 選擇你的登入 shell。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of shell programs"
msgstr "shell 程式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "POSIX shell"
msgstr "POSIX shell"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Yes"
msgstr "Yes"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: the GNU Bourne Again SHell (de facto "
"standard)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bash;\">Bash</ulink>: GNU Bourne Again SHell (事實上的標準)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "No"
msgstr "No"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: an enhanced version of "
"<ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&tenexcshell;\">TENEX C Shell</ulink>: 一個 <ulink url="
"\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink> 的增強版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>, good for shell "
"script"
msgstr ""
"Debian <ulink url=\"&almquistshell;\">Almquist Shell</ulink>, 擅長 shell 指令"
"碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>: the standard shell with many "
"enhancements"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&zshell;\">Z shell</ulink>:有許多增強的標準 shell"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "A version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink> 的一個版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, a version of <ulink url="
"\"&berkeleycsh;\">Berkeley csh</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&openbsd;\">OpenBSD</ulink> C Shell, <ulink url=\"&berkeleycsh;"
"\">Berkeley csh</ulink> 的一個版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> with builtin "
"commands (Not meant for standard \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"有內建命令的 <ulink url=\"&standaloneshell;\">Stand-alone shell</ulink> (並不"
"意味著標準的 \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"the real, AT&amp;T version of the <ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</"
"ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&kornshell;\">Korn shell</ulink>的真正的  AT&amp;T 版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"implementation of the <ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink> "
"<ulink url=\"&rcshell;\">rc shell</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&attplanj;\">AT&amp;T Plan 9</ulink> <ulink url=\"&rcshell;"
"\">rc shell</ulink> 的一個實現"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell (<literal>pdksh</literal> derivative)"
msgstr ""
"Policy-compliant Ordinary SHell 策略相容的普通 shell(<literal>pdksh</"
"literal> 派生)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Although POSIX-like shells share the basic syntax, they can differ in "
"behavior for things as basic as shell variables and glob expansions.  Please "
"check their documentation for details."
msgstr ""
"雖然類 POSIX 共享基本語法，但他們在 shell 變數和全域性擴充套件等基本事情上，"
"行為可以不同。細節請查閱他們的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In this tutorial chapter, the interactive shell always means <literal>bash</"
"literal>."
msgstr "在本教程中，互動式的 shell 總是指 <literal>bash</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customizing bash"
msgstr "定製bash"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can customize <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> behavior by "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"您可客製化 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 行為，使用 \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For example, try the following."
msgstr "嘗試下列例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# enable bash-completion\n"
"if ! shopt -oq posix; then\n"
"  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then\n"
"    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion\n"
"  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then\n"
"    . /etc/bash_completion\n"
"  fi\n"
"fi\n"
"\n"
"# CD upon exiting MC\n"
". /usr/lib/mc/mc.sh\n"
"\n"
"# set CDPATH to a good one\n"
"CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~:~/Desktop:~\n"
"export CDPATH\n"
"\n"
"PATH=\"${PATH+$PATH:}/usr/sbin:/sbin\"\n"
"# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
"if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
"  PATH=\"~/bin${PATH+:$PATH}\"\n"
"fi\n"
"export PATH\n"
"\n"
"EDITOR=vim\n"
"export EDITOR"
msgstr ""
"# enable bash-completion\n"
"if ! shopt -oq posix; then\n"
"  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then\n"
"    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion\n"
"  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then\n"
"    . /etc/bash_completion\n"
"  fi\n"
"fi\n"
"\n"
"# CD upon exiting MC\n"
". /usr/lib/mc/mc.sh\n"
"\n"
"# set CDPATH to a good one\n"
"CDPATH=.:/usr/share/doc:~:~/Desktop:~\n"
"export CDPATH\n"
"\n"
"PATH=\"${PATH+$PATH:}/usr/sbin:/sbin\"\n"
"# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists\n"
"if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then\n"
"  PATH=\"~/bin${PATH+:$PATH}\"\n"
"fi\n"
"export PATH\n"
"\n"
"EDITOR=vim\n"
"export EDITOR"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can find more <literal>bash</literal> customization tips, such as <xref "
"linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>, in <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>."
msgstr ""
"可以找到其他 <literal>bash</literal> 客製化技巧，諸如 <xref linkend="
"\"_colorized_commands\"/>，在 <xref linkend=\"_system_tips\"/>之內。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>bash-completion</literal> package enables programmable "
"completion for <literal>bash</literal>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>bash-completion</literal> 軟體包能夠讓 <literal>bash</literal> 進行"
"命令補全."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Special key strokes"
msgstr "特殊按鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> environment, there are "
"few key strokes which have special meanings.  Please note that on a normal "
"Linux character console, only the left-hand <literal>Ctrl</literal> and "
"<literal>Alt</literal> keys work as expected.  Here are few notable key "
"strokes to remember."
msgstr ""
"在<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">類Unix</ulink>環境，有一些具有特殊含義的按鍵。請"
"注意，普通的Linux字符控制檯，只有左手邊的<literal>Ctrl</literal>和"
"<literal>Alt</literal>鍵可以正常工作。其中有幾個值得記住的按鍵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of key bindings for bash"
msgstr "bash的按鍵綁定列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of key binding"
msgstr "描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-U</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "erase line before cursor"
msgstr "刪除光標前到行首的字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-H</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "erase a character before cursor"
msgstr "刪除光標前的一個字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "terminate input (exit shell if you are using shell)"
msgstr "終止輸入（如果你在使用shell，則退出shell）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "terminate a running program"
msgstr "終止一個正在運行的程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Z</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job"
msgstr "通過將程序移動到後臺來暫停程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "halt output to screen"
msgstr "停止屏幕輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Q</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "reactivate output to screen"
msgstr "激活屏幕輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-Alt-Del</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"reboot/halt the system, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inittab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"重啓/關閉系統，參見<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inittab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal> (optionally, <literal>Windows-key</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>Left-Alt-key</literal>（或<literal>Windows-key</literal>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI"
msgstr "Emacs和相似UI的元鍵（meta-key）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Up-arrow</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "start command history search under <literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr "開始在<literal>bash</literal>中的命令歷史搜索"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-R</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "start incremental command history search under <literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr "開始在<literal>bash</literal>中的增量命令歷史搜索"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"complete input of the filename to the command line under <literal>bash</"
"literal>"
msgstr "在 <literal>bash</literal> 命令行中補全文件名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Ctrl-V</literal> <literal>Tab</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"input <literal>Tab</literal> without expansion to the command line under "
"<literal>bash</literal>"
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>bash</literal> 命令行中輸出 <literal>Tab</literal> 而不是進行補全"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The terminal feature of <literal>Ctrl-S</literal> can be disabled using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>stty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>Ctrl-S</literal>的終端功能可能被<citerefentry><refentrytitle>stty</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>禁用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Unix style mouse operations"
msgstr "Unix類型的鼠標操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Unix style mouse operations are based on the 3 button mouse system."
msgstr "Unix類型的鼠標操作基於3鍵的鼠標系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of Unix style mouse operations"
msgstr "Unix樣式的鼠標操作列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "response"
msgstr "響應"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Left-click-and-drag mouse"
msgstr "左擊並拖動鼠標"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "select and copy to the clipboard"
msgstr "選擇並複製到剪貼板"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Left-click"
msgstr "單擊左鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "select the start of selection"
msgstr "選擇開頭"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Right-click"
msgstr "單擊右鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "select the end of selection and copy to the clipboard"
msgstr "選擇末尾並拷貝到剪貼簿"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Middle-click"
msgstr "單擊中鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "paste clipboard at the cursor"
msgstr "粘貼剪切板的內容到光標處"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The center wheel on the modern wheel mouse is considered middle mouse button "
"and can be used for middle-click.  Clicking left and right mouse buttons "
"together serves as the middle-click under the 2 button mouse system "
"situation.  In order to use a mouse in Linux character consoles, you need to "
"have <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> running as daemon."
msgstr ""
"在現代滾輪滑鼠上的中央滾輪，被認為是中間鍵，並可以被當做中間鍵使用。在 2 鍵滑"
"鼠系統的情況下，同時按左鍵和右鍵就相當於按中間鍵。為了在 Linux 字元控制檯使用"
"滑鼠，你需要把 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpm</refentrytitle><manvolnum> "
"8</manvolnum> </citerefentry> 作為後臺守護程序（daemon）執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The pager"
msgstr "文件內容查看"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> command is the enhanced pager (file content "
#| "browser). It reads the file specified by its command argument or its "
#| "standard input.  Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" if you need help while "
#| "browsing with the <literal>less</literal> command.  It can do much more "
#| "than <citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and can be supercharged by executing "
#| "\"<literal>eval $(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</"
#| "literal>\" in the shell startup script. See more in \"<literal>/usr/share/"
#| "doc/lessf/LESSOPEN</literal>\".  The \"<literal>-R</literal>\" option "
#| "allows raw character output and enables ANSI color escape sequences.  See "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command is the enhanced pager (file content "
"browser). It reads the file specified by its command argument or its "
"standard input.  Hit \"<literal>h</literal>\" if you need help while "
"browsing with the <literal>less</literal> command.  It can do much more than "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and can be supercharged by executing \"<literal>eval "
"$(lesspipe)</literal>\" or \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\" in the "
"shell startup script. See more in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/less/LESSOPEN</"
"literal>\".  The \"<literal>-R</literal>\" option allows raw character "
"output and enables ANSI color escape sequences.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令是一個增強版的分頁程式（檔案內容檢視器）。它按照指定的命令"
"引數或標準輸出來讀取檔案。在用 <literal>less</literal> 命令檢視的時候如果需要"
"幫助可以按 “<literal>h</literal>”。它的功能比 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令更豐富，通過在指令碼的開頭執行 \"<literal>eval "
"$(lesspipe)</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>eval $(lessfile)</literal>\" 它的功能還"
"能變得更加強大。詳細請參考 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/less/LESSOPEN</literal>"
"\"。 \"<literal>-R</literal>\" 選項可以實現原始的字元輸出還可以啟用 ANSI 顏色"
"轉義序列。詳細請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The text editor"
msgstr "文本編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You should become proficient in one of variants of <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</"
"ulink> or <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> programs which are popular in "
"the Unix-like system."
msgstr ""
"在使用類 Unix 系統過程中， 各種類似於<ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> 或 "
"<ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink>的工具，你應該精通其中的一個。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I think getting used to Vim commands is the right thing to do, since Vi-"
"editor is always there in the Linux/Unix world.  (Actually, original "
"<literal>vi</literal> or new <literal>nvi</literal> are programs you find "
"everywhere.  I chose Vim instead for newbie since it offers you help through "
"<literal>F1</literal> key while it is similar enough and more powerful.)"
msgstr ""
"我認為習慣於使用 Vim 命令是一個明智的選擇，因為Linux/Unix系統裡一般都附帶了 "
"Vi  編輯器。  (實際上最初的<literal>vi</literal> 以及後來的 <literal>nvi</"
"literal> 這類工具程式很常見。因為在 Vim 裡提供了<literal>F1</literal>幫助鍵，"
"在同類工具中它的功能更強大，所以我選擇 Vim 而不是其它新出的一些工具。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you chose either <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> or <ulink url="
"\"&xemacs;\">XEmacs</ulink> instead as your choice of the editor, that is "
"another good choice indeed, particularly for programming.  Emacs has a "
"plethora of other features as well, including functioning as a newsreader, "
"directory editor, mail program, etc.  When used for programming or editing "
"shell scripts, it intelligently recognizes the format of what you are "
"working on, and tries to provide assistance.  Some people maintain that the "
"only program they need on Linux is Emacs.  Ten minutes learning Emacs now "
"can save hours later.  Having the GNU Emacs manual for reference when "
"learning Emacs is highly recommended."
msgstr ""
"假設你不是用 <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> 就是用<ulink url=\"&xemacs;"
"\">XEmacs</ulink> 作為你的編輯器，其實還有更好的選擇，尤其是在程式設計的時"
"候。 Emacs 還有很多其他的特點，包括新手導讀，目錄編輯器，郵件客戶端等等。當編"
"寫指令碼或程式的時候，它能自動識別當前工作模式所對應的格式，讓使用更加便利。"
"一些人甚至堅持認為Linux系統裡最需要配備的就是 Emacs。花十分鐘來學習 Emacs 可"
"以為後面的工作剩下更多時間。在此強烈推薦學習使用 Emacs 時候直接使用 GNU "
"Emacs 參考手冊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"All these programs usually come with tutoring program for you to learn them "
"by practice.  Start Vim by typing \"<literal>vim</literal>\" and press F1-"
"key.  You should at least read the first 35 lines.  Then do the online "
"training course by moving cursor to \"<literal>|tutor|</literal>\" and "
"pressing <literal>Ctrl-]</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在實踐應用中所有這些程式都會有一個教程，輸入 \"<literal>vim</literal>\" 和F1"
"鍵就可以啟動Vim。建議你最好閱讀一下前面的35行。移動游標到 \"<literal>|tutor|"
"</literal>\" 並按 <literal>Ctrl-]</literal> 就可以看到線上培訓教程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Good editors, such as Vim and Emacs, can handle UTF-8 and other exotic "
"encoding texts correctly.  It is a good idea to use the X environment in the "
"UTF-8 locale and to install required programs and fonts to it.  Editors have "
"options to set the file encoding independent of the X environment.  Please "
"refer to their documentation on multibyte text."
msgstr ""
"好的編輯器，像 Vim 和 Emacs，可以處理 UTF-8 及其它不常用編碼格式的文字。有個"
"建議就是在 X 環境下使用UTF-8編碼，並安裝要求的程式和字型。編輯器裡可以選擇獨"
"立於 X 環境的編碼格式。關於多位元組文字可以查閱參考文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Setting a default text editor"
msgstr "設置默認文本編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian comes with a number of different editors. We recommend to install the "
"<literal>vim</literal> package, as mentioned above."
msgstr ""
"Debian有許多不同的編輯器。我們建議安裝上面提到的<literal>vim</literal>軟件"
"包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian provides unified access to the system default editor via command "
"\"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\" so other programs (e.g., "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>reportbug</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>) can invoke it.  You can change it by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"Debian通過命令“<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>”提供了對系統默認編輯器的統"
"一訪問，因此其它程序（例如<citerefentry><refentrytitle>reportbug</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>）可以調用它。你可以通過"
"下列命令改變它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"
msgstr "$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The choice \"<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>\" over \"<literal>/usr/"
"bin/vim.tiny</literal>\" is my recommendation for newbies since it supports "
"syntax highlighting."
msgstr ""
"對於新手，我建議使用“<literal>/usr/bin/vim.basic</literal>”代替“<literal>/"
"usr/bin/vim.tiny</literal>”，因爲它支持格式高亮。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Many programs use the environment variables \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" to decide which editor to use (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>).  For the consistency on the "
"Debian system, set these to \"<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>\". "
"(Historically, \"<literal>$EDITOR</literal>\" was \"<literal>ed</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\" was \"<literal>vi</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""
"許多程序使用環境變量“<literal>$EDITOR</literal>”或“<literal>$VISUAL</"
"literal>”來決定使用那個編輯器（參見<xref linkend=\"_the_internal_editor_in_mc"
"\"/>和<xref linkend=\"_customizing_program_to_be_started\"/>）。出於Debian系"
"統的一致性考慮，它們被設置到“<literal>/usr/bin/editor</literal>”。（在歷史"
"上，“<literal>$EDITOR</literal>”是“<literal>ed</literal>”，“<literal>"
"$VISUAL</literal>”是“<literal>vi</literal>”。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customizing vim"
msgstr "定製vim"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can customize <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> behavior by "
"\"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"您可客製化 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的行為，經由 \"<literal>~/.vimrc</literal>\" 達成。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\" -------------------------------\n"
"\" Local configuration\n"
"\"\n"
"set nocompatible\n"
"set nopaste\n"
"set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
"syn on\n"
"if $USER == \"root\"\n"
" set nomodeline\n"
" set noswapfile\n"
"else\n"
" set modeline\n"
" set swapfile\n"
"endif\n"
"\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
"\" filler\n"
"\" filler"
msgstr ""
"\" -------------------------------\n"
"\" Local configuration\n"
"\"\n"
"set nocompatible\n"
"set nopaste\n"
"set pastetoggle=&lt;f2&gt;\n"
"syn on\n"
"if $USER == \"root\"\n"
" set nomodeline\n"
" set noswapfile\n"
"else\n"
" set modeline\n"
" set swapfile\n"
"endif\n"
"\" filler to avoid the line above being recognized as a modeline\n"
"\" filler\n"
"\" filler"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recording the shell activities"
msgstr "記錄shell活動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The output of the shell command may roll off your screen and may be lost "
"forever.  It is a good practice to log shell activities into the file for "
"you to review them later.  This kind of record is essential when you perform "
"any system administration tasks."
msgstr ""
"shell命令的輸出有可能滾動出了屏幕，並可能導致你無法再查看到它。將shell活動記"
"錄到文件中再來回顧它是個不錯的主意。當你執行任何系統管理任務時，這種記錄是必"
"不可少的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The basic method of recording the shell activity is to run it under "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"記錄shell活動的基本方法是在<citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>下運行shell。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ script\n"
"Script started, file is typescript"
msgstr ""
"$ script\n"
"Script started, file is typescript"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Do whatever shell commands under <literal>script</literal>."
msgstr "在<literal>script</literal>下使用任何shell命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</literal>."
msgstr "按<literal>Ctrl-D</literal>來退出<literal>script</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim typescript"
msgstr "$ vim typescript"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/> ."
msgstr "參見<xref linkend=\"_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic Unix commands"
msgstr "基本的Unix命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's learn basic Unix commands.  Here I use \"Unix\" in its generic sense.  "
"Any Unix clone OSs usually offer equivalent commands.  The Debian system is "
"no exception.  Do not worry if some commands do not work as you wish now. If "
"<literal>alias</literal> is used in the shell, its corresponding command "
"outputs are different.  These examples are not meant to be executed in this "
"order."
msgstr ""
"讓我們來學習基本的Unix命令。在這裏，我指的是一般意義上的“UNIX”。任何UNIX克隆"
"系統通常都會提供等價的命令。Debian系統也不例外。如果有一些命令不像你想的那樣"
"起作用，請不要擔心。如果shell中使用了<literal>別名</literal>，其對應的命令輸"
"出會不同。這些例子並不意味着要以這個順序來執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Try all following commands from the non-privileged user account."
msgstr "嘗試使用非特權用戶賬號來使用下列的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic Unix commands"
msgstr "基本的Unix命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "command"
msgstr "命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>pwd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pwd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display name of current/working directory"
msgstr "顯示當前/工作目錄的名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>whoami</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>whoami</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display current user name"
msgstr "顯示當前的用戶名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>id</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>id</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups)"
msgstr "顯示當前用戶的身份（名稱、uid、gid和相關組）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>file &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>file &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display a type of file for the file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "顯示“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”文件的文件類型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>type -p &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>type -p &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display a file location of command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "顯示“<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>”命令的文件所處位置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>which &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>which &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ", ,"
msgstr "同上"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>type &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>type &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display information on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "顯示“<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>”命令的相關信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apropos &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apropos &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "find commands related to \"<literal>&lt;key-word&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "查找與“<literal>&lt;key-word&gt;</literal>”有關的命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>man -k &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>man -k &lt;key-word&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>whatis &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>whatis &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display one line explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</"
"literal>\""
msgstr "用一行解釋 “<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>” 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>man -a &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>man -a &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
"\" (Unix style)"
msgstr "顯示“<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>”命令的解釋（Unix風格）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>info &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>info &lt;commandname&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display rather long explanation on command \"<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</"
"literal>\" (GNU style)"
msgstr ""
"顯示“<literal>&lt;commandname&gt;</literal>”命令相當長的解釋（GNU風格）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ls</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list contents of directory (non-dot files and directories)"
msgstr "顯示目錄內容（不包含以 . 點號開頭的文件和目錄）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ls -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -a</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list contents of directory (all files and directories)"
msgstr "顯示目錄內容（包含所有文件和目錄）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ls -A</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -A</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"list contents of directory (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip "
"\"<literal>..</literal>\" and \"<literal>.</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"顯示目錄內容（包含幾乎所有文件和目錄，除了“<literal>..</"
"literal>”和“<literal>.</literal>”）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ls -la</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -la</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list all contents of directory with detail information"
msgstr "顯示所有的目錄內容，幷包含詳細的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ls -lai</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -lai</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list all contents of directory with inode number and detail information"
msgstr "顯示所有的目錄內容，幷包含inode和詳細的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ls -d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ls -d</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list all directories under the current directory"
msgstr "顯示當前目錄下的所有目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tree</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tree</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display file tree contents"
msgstr "使用樹狀圖顯示目錄內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>lsof &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lsof &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list open status of file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "列出處於開啟狀態的檔案 \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>lsof -p &lt;pid&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>lsof -p &lt;pid&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list files opened by the process ID: \"<literal>&lt;pid&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "列出被某程序開啟的檔案: \"<literal>&lt;pid&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mkdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mkdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"make a new directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current "
"directory"
msgstr "在當前目錄中建立新目錄“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>rmdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>rmdir &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"remove a directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the current "
"directory"
msgstr "刪除當前目錄中的“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"change directory to the directory \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" in the "
"current directory or in the directory listed in the variable \"<literal>"
"$CDPATH</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"切換到當前目錄下或變量“<literal>$CDPATH</literal>”中的“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</"
"literal>”目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd /</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd /</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "change directory to the root directory"
msgstr "切換到根目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "change directory to the current user's home directory"
msgstr "切換到當前用戶的家目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd /&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd /&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"change directory to the absolute path directory \"<literal>/&lt;foo&gt;</"
"literal>\""
msgstr "切換到絕對路徑爲“<literal>/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”的目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd ..</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd ..</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "change directory to the parent directory"
msgstr "切換到上一級目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd ~&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd ~&lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"change directory to the home directory of the user \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</"
"literal>\""
msgstr "切換到用戶“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”的家目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cd -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cd -</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "change directory to the previous directory"
msgstr "切換到之前的目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;/etc/motd pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;/etc/motd pager</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display contents of \"<literal>/etc/motd</literal>\" using the default pager"
msgstr "使用默認的分頁顯示程序來顯示“<literal>/etc/motd</literal>”的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>touch &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>touch &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "create a empty file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "建立一個空文件“<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cp &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cp &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"copy a existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new file "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"將一個現有文件“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”複製到一個新文件“<literal>&lt;"
"bar&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>rm &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>rm &lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove a file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "刪除文件“<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"rename an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new name "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" (\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must "
"not exist)"
msgstr ""
"將一個現有文件“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”重命名成“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</"
"literal>”（“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>”必須不存在）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" (the directory \"<literal>&lt;"
"bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist)"
msgstr ""
"將一個現有文件“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”移動到新的位置“<literal>&lt;"
"bar&gt;/&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”（必須存在“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>”目"
"錄）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mv &lt;foo&gt; &lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"move an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to a new location "
"with a new name \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\" (the "
"directory \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;</literal>\" must exist but the directory "
"\"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>\" must not exist)"
msgstr ""
"移動一個現有文件“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”到新位置並重命名"
"爲“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>”（必須存在“<literal>bar</"
"literal>”目錄，且不存在“<literal>bar&gt;/&lt;baz&gt;</literal>”目錄）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>chmod 600 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chmod 600 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be non-readable "
"and non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)"
msgstr ""
"使其他人無法讀寫現有文件“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”（並且所有人都無法執"
"行該文件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>chmod 644 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chmod 644 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but "
"non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)"
msgstr ""
"使其他人對現有文件“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”可讀但不可寫（並且所有人都"
"無法執行該文件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>chmod 755 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chmod 755 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"make an existing file \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to be readable but "
"non-writable by the other people (executable for all)"
msgstr ""
"使其他人對“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”可讀而不可寫（並且所有人都能執行該"
"文件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>find .  -name &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>find .  -name &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
"\" (slower)"
msgstr ""
"使用 shell “<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>” 查找匹配的文件名（速度較慢）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>locate -d .  &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>locate -d .  &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"find matching filenames using shell \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
"\" (quicker using regularly generated database)"
msgstr ""
"使用 shell “<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>” 查找匹配的文件名（速度較快，"
"使用定期生成的數據庫）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>grep -e \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" *.html</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>grep -e \"&lt;pattern&gt;\" *.html</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"find a \"<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>\" in all files ending with "
"\"<literal>.html</literal>\" in current directory and display them all"
msgstr ""
"在當前目錄下以“<literal>.html</literal>”結尾的所有文件中，查找匹"
"配“<literal>&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>”的文件並顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>top</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>top</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display process information using full screen, type \"<literal>q</literal>\" "
"to quit"
msgstr "全屏顯示進程信息，輸入“<literal>q</literal>”退出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps aux | pager</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display information on all the running processes using BSD style output"
msgstr "顯示所有正在運行的進程的信息（BSD風格）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps -ef | pager</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style "
"output"
msgstr "顯示所有正在運行的進程的信息（Unix system-V風格）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display all processes running \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>exim4</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"顯示所有正在運行“<literal>exim</literal>”和“<literal>exim4</literal>”的進程"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output"
msgstr "顯示所有正在運行的進程的信息（ASCII風格）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>kill &lt;1234&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>kill &lt;1234&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "kill a process identified by the process ID: \"&lt;1234&gt;\""
msgstr "殺死ID爲“&lt;1234&gt;”的進程"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gzip &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gzip &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;."
"gz</literal>\" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)"
msgstr ""
"使用 Lempel-Ziv 編碼（LZ77）將“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”壓縮"
"爲“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gunzip &lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gunzip &lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;"
"foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"將“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.gz</literal>”解壓爲“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>bzip2 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>bzip2 &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;."
"bz2</literal>\" using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression "
"algorithm, and Huffman coding (better compression than <literal>gzip</"
"literal>)"
msgstr ""
"使用 Burrows-Wheeter 塊排序壓縮算法和 Huffman 編碼將“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</"
"literal>”壓縮爲“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>”（壓縮效果比"
"<literal>gzip</literal>更好）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>bunzip2 &lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>bunzip2 &lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;"
"foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"將“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.bz2</literal>”解壓爲“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xz &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>xz &lt;foo&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"compress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;."
"xz</literal>\" using the Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (better "
"compression than <literal>bzip2</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"使用 Lempel-Ziv-Markov 鏈算法將“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”壓縮"
"爲“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.xz</literal>”（壓縮效果比<literal>bzip2</literal>更"
"好）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>unxz &lt;foo&gt;.xz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>unxz &lt;foo&gt;.xz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"decompress \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.xz</literal>\" to create \"<literal>&lt;"
"foo&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"將“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.xz</literal>”解壓爲“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -xvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive"
msgstr "從“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>”檔案中提取文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -xvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"extract files from gzipped \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive"
msgstr "從被gzip壓縮過的“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>”檔案中提取文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -xvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive"
msgstr "從“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>”檔案中提取文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -xvJf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -xvJf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract files from \"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz</literal>\" archive"
msgstr "從“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz</literal>”檔案中提取文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -cvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvf &lt;foo&gt;.tar &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""
"將目錄“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>”中的內容打包到“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;."
"tar</literal>”檔案中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -cvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvzf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in compressed "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""
"將目錄“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>”中的內容打包到被壓縮的“<literal>&lt;"
"foo&gt;.tar.gz</literal>”檔案中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -cvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2 &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvjf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2 &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""
"將目錄“<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>”中的內容打包到“<literal>&lt;foo&gt;."
"tar.bz2</literal>”檔案中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tar -cvJf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tar -cvJf &lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz &lt;bar&gt;/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"archive contents of folder \"<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>&lt;foo&gt;.tar.xz</literal>\" archive"
msgstr ""
"將目錄”<literal>&lt;bar&gt;/</literal>“中的內容打包到”<literal>&lt;foo&gt;."
"tar.xz</literal>“檔案中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz | pager</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display contents of compressed \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" using the "
"default pager"
msgstr ""
"使用默認的分頁顯示程序來顯示“<literal>README.gz</literal>”壓縮包中的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"create a file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" with the decompressed content of "
"\"<literal>README.gz</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"將“<literal>README.gz</literal>”解壓後的內容輸出到文件“<literal>foo</"
"literal>”中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zcat README.gz &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"append the decompressed content of \"<literal>README.gz</literal>\" to the "
"end of the file \"<literal>foo</literal>\" (if it does not exist, create it "
"first)"
msgstr ""
"將“<literal>README.gz</literal>”解壓後的內容添加到文件“<literal>foo</"
"literal>”的末尾（如果文件不存在，則會先建立該文件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Unix has a tradition to hide filenames which start with \"<literal>.</"
"literal>\".  They are traditionally files that contain configuration "
"information and user preferences."
msgstr ""
"Unix有一個慣例，以“<literal>.</literal>”開頭的文件將被隱藏。它們一般爲包含了"
"配置信息和用戶首選項的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For <literal>cd</literal> command, see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>builtins</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"對於<literal>cd</literal>命令，參見<citerefentry><refentrytitle>builtins</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The default pager of the bare bone Debian system is "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which cannot scroll back.  By installing the <literal>less</"
"literal> package using command line \"<literal>apt-get install less</literal>"
"\", <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> becomes default pager and you can scroll back with "
"cursor keys."
msgstr ""
"基本的 Debian 系統的默認分頁顯示程序是<citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，它無法往回滾動。通過命"
"令“<literal>apt-get install less</literal>\"安裝<literal>less</literal>軟件包"
"後，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>會成爲默認的分頁顯示程序，它可以通過方向鍵往回滾動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the regular "
"expression of the \"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" "
"command above enable <literal>grep</literal> to avoid matching itself.  The "
"\"<literal>4*</literal>\" in the regular expression means 0 or more repeats "
"of character \"<literal>4</literal>\" thus enables <literal>grep</literal> "
"to match both \"<literal>exim</literal>\" and \"<literal>exim4</literal>\".  "
"Although \"<literal>*</literal>\" is used in the shell filename glob and the "
"regular expression, their meanings are different.  Learn the regular "
"expression from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>[</literal>\" 和\"<literal>]</literal>\" 在正則表示式 "
"\"<literal>ps aux | grep -e \"[e]xim4*\"</literal>\" 命令中，可以避免"
"<literal>grep</literal>在結果中排除它自己， 正則表示式中的 \"<literal>4*</"
"literal>\" 意思是空或字元\"<literal>4</literal>\" ，這樣可以讓 "
"<literal>grep</literal> 既找到 \"<literal>exim</literal>\" 也找到 "
"\"<literal>exim4</literal>\"。 雖然 \"<literal>*</literal>\" 可以用於命令名稱"
"匹配和正則表示式中，但是它們的含義是不一樣的。欲詳細瞭解正則表示式可以參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please traverse directories and peek into the system using the above "
"commands as training.  If you have questions on any of console commands, "
"please make sure to read the manual page."
msgstr ""
"作爲訓練，請使用上述的命令來遍歷目錄並探究系統。如果你有任何有關控制臺命令的"
"問題，請務必閱讀手冊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ man man\n"
"$ man bash\n"
"$ man builtins\n"
"$ man grep\n"
"$ man ls"
msgstr ""
"$ man man\n"
"$ man bash\n"
"$ man builtins\n"
"$ man grep\n"
"$ man ls"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The style of man pages may be a little hard to get used to, because they are "
"rather terse, particularly the older, very traditional ones. But once you "
"get used to it, you come to appreciate their succinctness."
msgstr ""
"手冊的風格可能讓人有點難以習慣，因爲它們都相當簡潔，尤其是比較老舊、非常傳統"
"的那些手冊。但是，一旦你習慣了它，你來欣賞它們的簡潔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that many Unix-like commands including ones from GNU and BSD "
"display brief help information if you invoke them in one of the following "
"ways (or without any arguments in some cases)."
msgstr ""
"請注意，許多類Unix命令（包含來自 GNU 和 BSD 的）都可以顯示簡短的幫助信息，你"
"可以使用下列的其中一種方式來查看它（有時不帶任何參數也可以）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; -h"
msgstr ""
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; --help\n"
"$ &lt;commandname&gt; -h"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The simple shell command"
msgstr "簡單 shell 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now you have some feel on how to use the Debian system.  Let's look deep "
"into the mechanism of the command execution in the Debian system. Here, I "
"have simplified reality for the newbie.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for the exact explanation."
msgstr ""
"現在，你對如何使用 Debian 系統已經有一些感覺了。讓我們更深入瞭解 Debian 系統"
"的命令執行機制。在這裏，我將爲新手做一般的講解。精確的解釋參見"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "A simple command is a sequence of components."
msgstr "一般的命令由有序的組件構成。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Variable assignments (optional)"
msgstr "設置變量值（可選）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Command name"
msgstr "命令名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Arguments (optional)"
msgstr "參數（可選）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Redirections (optional: <literal>&gt;</literal> , <literal>&gt;&gt;</"
"literal> , <literal>&lt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;&lt;</literal> , etc.)"
msgstr ""
"重定向（可選：<literal>&gt;</literal> , <literal>&gt;&gt;</literal> , "
"<literal>&lt;</literal> , <literal>&lt;&lt;</literal> 等等）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Control operator (optional: <literal>&amp;&amp;</literal> , <literal>||</"
"literal> , &lt;newline&gt; , <literal>;</literal> , <literal>&amp;</"
"literal> , <literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal> )"
msgstr ""
"控制操作（可選：<literal>&amp;&amp;</literal> ， <literal>||</literal> ， "
"&lt;換行符&gt; , <literal>;</literal> , <literal>&amp;</literal> , "
"<literal>(</literal> , <literal>)</literal>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Command execution and environment variable"
msgstr "命令執行和環境變量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The values of some <ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">environment "
"variables</ulink> change the behavior of some Unix commands."
msgstr ""
"一些<ulink url=\"&environmentvariables;\">環境變量</ulink>的值會改變部分Unix"
"命令的行爲。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Default values of environment variables are initially set by the PAM system "
"and then some of them may be reset by some application programs."
msgstr "環境變量的默認值由PAM系統初始化，其中一些會被某些應用程序重新設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The display manager such as <literal>gdm3</literal> resets environment "
"variables."
msgstr "顯示管理器（例如<literal>gdm3</literal>）會重新設定環境變量。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell in its start up codes resets environment variables in "
"\"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" and \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"Shell指令碼啟動的時候會重置 \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" 中的環境變數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable"
msgstr "“<literal>$LANG</literal>”變量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The full locale value given to \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable "
"consists of 3 parts: \"<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>$LANG</literal>” 變數的完整的語言環境值由3部分組"
"成：“<literal>xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The 3 parts of locale value"
msgstr "語言環境值的 3 個部分"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "locale value"
msgstr "語言環境值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xx</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>xx</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639 language codes "
"(lower case) such as \"en\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&isogdjlanguagecoowercasesuchasen;\">ISO 639 語言代碼（小寫）例"
"如“en”</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>YY</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>YY</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166 country codes "
"(upper case) such as \"US\"</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&isodbggcountrycoppercasesuchasus;\">ISO 3166 國家代碼（大寫）例"
"如“US”</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ZZZZ</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">codeset, always set to \"UTF-8\"</"
"ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&codesetalwayssettoutfi;\">編碼，總是設置爲“UTF-8”</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For language codes and country codes, see pertinent description in the "
"\"<literal>info gettext</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"對於語言代碼和國家代碼，參加“<literal>info gettext</literal>”中的相關描述。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the codeset on the modern Debian system, you should always set it to "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis> unless you "
"specifically want to use the historic one with good reason and background "
"knowledge."
msgstr ""
"對於現代 Debian 系統中的編碼，你應該總是設定爲<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>UTF-8</literal></emphasis>，除非你有足夠的理由和背景知識並且特別"
"想使用過時的編碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For fine details of the locale configuration, see <xref linkend=\"_the_locale"
"\"/>."
msgstr "對於語言環境配置的細節，參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>\" is not \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" "
"nor \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\". It is \"<literal>LANG=en_US."
"ISO-8859-1</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>LANG=en_US</literal>”即不是“<literal>LANG=C</literal>”也不"
"是“<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>”。它是“<literal>LANG=en_US."
"ISO-8859-1</literal>”（參見<xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of locale recommendations"
msgstr "locale 推薦的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "locale recommendation"
msgstr "locale 推薦"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Language (area)"
msgstr "語言（地區）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "English (USA)"
msgstr "英語（美國）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>en_GB.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "English (Great Britain)"
msgstr "英語（大不列顛）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "French (France)"
msgstr "法語（法國）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "German (Germany)"
msgstr "德語（德國）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>it_IT.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Italian (Italy)"
msgstr "意大利語（意大利）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>es_ES.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Spanish (Spain)"
msgstr "西班牙語（西班牙）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ca_ES.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Catalan (Spain)"
msgstr "加泰隆語（西班牙）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sv_SE.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Swedish (Sweden)"
msgstr "瑞典語（瑞典）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pt_BR.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Portuguese (Brazil)"
msgstr "葡萄牙語（巴西）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ru_RU.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Russian (Russia)"
msgstr "俄語（俄國）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Chinese (P.R. of China)"
msgstr "漢語（中華人民共和國）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Chinese (Taiwan R.O.C.)"
msgstr "漢語（中國臺灣）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ja_JP.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Japanese (Japan)"
msgstr "日語（日本）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ko_KR.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Korean (Republic of Korea)"
msgstr "韓語（韓國）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>vi_VN.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Vietnamese (Vietnam)"
msgstr "越南語（越南）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Typical command execution uses a shell line sequence as the following."
msgstr "使用 shell 命令行按順序執行下列典型的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Sun Jun  3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n"
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""
"$ date\n"
"Sun Jun  3 10:27:39 JST 2007\n"
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, the program <citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is executed with "
"different values of the environment variable \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"這裏，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>程序執行時使用了與環境變量“<literal>$LANG</"
"literal>”不同的值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"For the first command, \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is set to the system "
"default <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> value \"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"第一個命令，“<literal>$LANG</literal>” 設定為系統的預設<ulink url=\"&locale;"
"\">語言環境</ulink>值 “<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"For the second command, \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" is set to the French "
"UTF-8 <ulink url=\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> value \"<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"第二個命令，“<literal>$LANG</literal>”設置爲法語的 UTF-8 <ulink url="
"\"&locale;\">locale</ulink> 值“<literal>fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Most command executions usually do not have preceding environment variable "
"definition.  For the above example, you can alternatively execute as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"大多數的命令在執行時並沒有預先定義環境變量。對於上面的例子，你也可以選擇如下"
"的方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n"
"$ date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"
msgstr ""
"$ LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\n"
"$ date\n"
"dimanche 3 juin 2007, 10:27:33 (UTC+0900)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"As you can see here, the output of command is affected by the environment "
"variable to produce French output.  If you want the environment variable to "
"be inherited to subprocesses (e.g., when calling shell script), you need to "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">export</emphasis> it instead by the following."
msgstr ""
"正如你所看到的，命令的輸出受環境變數的影響，上面產生的是法語輸出。如果你想這"
"個環境變數能在子程序中被繼承的話(例如執行 shell 指令碼時)，你需要使用下面的命"
"令<emphasis role=\"strong\">匯出（export）</emphasis>它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ export LANG"
msgstr "$ export LANG"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When you use a typical console terminal, the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" "
"environment variable is usually set to be <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">exported</emphasis> by the desktop environment.  So the above is not "
"really a good example to test the effect of <literal>export</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在使用常規的控制檯終端的時候，環境變數 \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" 通常會被"
"桌面環境變數通過 <emphasis role=\"strong\">exported</emphasis> 方式重置。如果"
"要測試 <literal>export</literal> 帶來的影響，這個可能不是一個很好的例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"When filing a bug report, running and checking the command under "
"\"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" is a good idea if you use non-"
"English environment."
msgstr ""
"提交一個BUG報告的時候，如果使用的是非英語的環境，在 \"<literal>LANG=en_US."
"UTF-8</literal>\" 環境下對命令進行執行和檢查會更好一些。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for \"<literal>$LANG</"
"literal>\" and related environment variables."
msgstr ""
"可以通過命令 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來檢視 \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" 及相關的環境變數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"I recommend you to configure the system environment just by the \"<literal>"
"$LANG</literal>\" variable and to stay away from \"<literal>$LC_*</literal>"
"\" variables unless it is absolutely needed."
msgstr ""
"建議最好用變數 \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" 來配置系統環境變數，只有在逼不得"
"已的情況下才用 <literal>$LC_*</literal>\" 開頭的變數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" variable"
msgstr "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" 變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you type a command into the shell, the shell searches the command in "
"the list of directories contained in the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" "
"environment variable.  The value of the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" "
"environment variable is also called the shell's search path."
msgstr ""
"當你在 Shell 裡輸入命令的時候，Shell 會在 \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" 變數所"
"包含的目錄列表裡進行搜尋，\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" 變數的值也叫作 Shell "
"的搜尋路徑。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the default Debian installation, the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" "
"environment variable of user accounts may not include \"<literal>/sbin</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/sbin</literal>\".  For example, the "
"<literal>ifconfig</literal> command needs to be issued with full path as "
"\"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\". (Similar <literal>ip</literal> "
"command is located in \"<literal>/bin</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""
"在預設的 Debian 安裝過程中，所使用的使用者賬號的 \"<literal>$PATH</literal>"
"\" 環境變數可能不包括 \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" 和\"<literal>/usr/sbin</"
"literal>\"目錄。例如，<literal>ifconfig</literal> 命令就需要指定完整的路徑 "
"\"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\"。(類似地， <literal>ip</literal> 命令是"
"在 \"<literal>/bin</literal>\" 目錄下)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can change the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" environment variable of Bash "
"shell by \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.bashrc</"
"literal>\" files."
msgstr ""
"可以在 Bash 指令碼檔案 \"<literal>~/.bash_profile</literal>\" 或 "
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" 中改變 \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" 環境變數"
"的值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" variable"
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many commands stores user specific configuration in the home directory and "
"changes their behavior by their contents.  The home directory is identified "
"by the environment variable \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"很多命令在使用者目錄中都存放了使用者指定的配置，然後通過配置的內容來改變它的"
"執行方式，使用者目錄通常用 \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數來指定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" values"
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數值列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數的值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "program execution situation"
msgstr "程式執行環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program run by the init process (daemon)"
msgstr "初始程序執行的程式（守護程序）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/root</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/root</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program run from the normal root shell"
msgstr "root 使用者許可權 Shell 執行的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/home/&lt;normal_user&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/home/&lt;normal_user&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program run from the normal user shell"
msgstr "普通使用者許可權Shell執行的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program run from the normal user GUI desktop menu"
msgstr "普通使用者 GUI 桌面選單執行的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo program</literal>\""
msgstr "用root使用者許可權來執行程式 \"<literal>sudo program</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program run as root with \"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\""
msgstr "用 root 使用者許可權執行程式 \"<literal>sudo -H program</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Shell expands \"<literal>~/</literal>\" to current user's home directory, i."
"e., \"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\". Shell expands \"<literal>~foo/</literal>"
"\" to <literal>foo</literal>'s home directory, i.e., \"<literal>/home/foo/</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"Shell 擴充套件 \"<literal>~/</literal>\" 為轉入當前使用者的主目錄，也就是"
"\"<literal>$HOME/</literal>\"。Shell 擴充套件 \"<literal>~foo/</literal>\" 為"
"<literal>foo</literal> 的目錄，也就是 \"<literal>/home/foo/</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Command line options"
msgstr "命令列選項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Some commands take arguments.  Arguments starting with \"<literal>-</literal>"
"\" or \"<literal>--</literal>\" are called options and control the behavior "
"of the command."
msgstr ""
"一些命令附帶引數。這些引數以  \"<literal>-</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>--</"
"literal>\" 開頭，通常稱之為選項，用來控制命令的執行方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ date\n"
"Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n"
"$ date -R\n"
"Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100"
msgstr ""
"$ date\n"
"Mon Oct 27 23:02:09 CET 2003\n"
"$ date -R\n"
"Mon, 27 Oct 2003 23:02:40 +0100"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here the command-line argument \"<literal>-R</literal>\" changes "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> behavior to output <ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink> "
"compliant date string."
msgstr ""
"這裡的命令引數 \"<literal>-R</literal>\" 改變 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令輸出為 <ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">RFC2822</ulink> 標準的日期"
"字元格式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Shell glob"
msgstr "Shell 萬用字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Often you want a command to work with a group of files without typing all of "
"them.  The filename expansion pattern using the shell <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">glob</emphasis>, (sometimes referred as <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">wildcards</emphasis>), facilitate this need."
msgstr ""
"經常有這種情況你期望命令成串自動執行而不需要挨個輸入，將檔名擴充套件為 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">glob</emphasis>，(有時候被稱為 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">萬用字元</emphasis>)，以此來滿足這方面的需求。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Shell glob patterns"
msgstr "Shell glob 模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "shell glob pattern"
msgstr "shell glob 模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of match rule"
msgstr "匹配規則描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>*</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "filename (segment) not started with \"<literal>.</literal>\""
msgstr "不以  \"<literal>.</literal>\" 開頭的檔名(段)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.*</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "filename (segment) started with \"<literal>.</literal>\""
msgstr "以  \"<literal>.</literal>\" 開頭的檔名(段)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>?</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "exactly one character"
msgstr "精確字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[…]</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "exactly one character with any character enclosed in brackets"
msgstr "包含在括號中的任意字元都可以作為精確字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[a-z]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z]</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"exactly one character with any character between \"<literal>a</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>z</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>a</literal>\" 到 \"<literal>z</literal>\" 之間的任意一個字元都可以"
"作為精確字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[^…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[^…]</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"exactly one character other than any character enclosed in brackets "
"(excluding \"<literal>^</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"除了包含在括號中的任意字元 ( \"<literal> 1^</literal> 2\"除外 )，其它字元都可"
"以作為精確字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mkdir junk; cd junk; touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo *.txt\n"
"1.txt 2.txt\n"
"$ echo *\n"
"1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo *.[hc]\n"
"3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo .*\n"
". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo .*[^.]*\n"
".5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo [^1-3]*\n"
"4.h\n"
"$ cd ..; rm -rf junk"
msgstr ""
"$ mkdir junk; cd junk; touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo *.txt\n"
"1.txt 2.txt\n"
"$ echo *\n"
"1.txt 2.txt 3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo *.[hc]\n"
"3.c 4.h\n"
"$ echo .*\n"
". .. .5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo .*[^.]*\n"
".5.txt ..6.txt\n"
"$ echo [^1-3]*\n"
"4.h\n"
"$ cd ..; rm -rf junk"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Unlike normal filename expansion by the shell, the shell pattern "
"\"<literal>*</literal>\" tested in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> with \"<literal>-name</"
"literal>\" test etc., matches the initial \"<literal>.</literal>\" of the "
"filename. (New <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> feature)"
msgstr ""
"與 shell 通用的檔名匹配方式不同， 使用 \"<literal> -name </literal>\" 選項的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle> find </refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，其 shell 模式\"<literal> * </literal>\" ，匹配以\"<literal> . "
"</literal>\"開始的檔名.（新<ulink url=\"&posix;\"> POSIX </ulink>的特性)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"BASH can be tweaked to change its glob behavior with its shopt builtin "
"options such as \"<literal>dotglob</literal>\", \"<literal>noglob</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>nocaseglob</literal>\", \"<literal>nullglob</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>extglob</literal>\", etc.  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"BASH  可以使用內建的 shopt 選項如 \"<literal> dotglob </literal>"
"\"，\"<literal> noglob </literal>\",\"<literal> nocaseglob </literal>\","
"\"<literal> nullglob </literal>\",\"<literal> extglob </literal>\"定製全域性"
"行為,使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle> bash </refentrytitle><manvolnum> 1 </"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>檢視詳細說明。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Return value of the command"
msgstr "命令的返回值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each command returns its exit status (variable: \"<literal>$?</literal>\") "
"as the return value."
msgstr ""
"每個命令都會返回它的退出狀態（變量：“<literal>$?</literal>”）作爲返回值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Command exit codes"
msgstr "命令的退出代碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "command exit status"
msgstr "命令的退出狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "numeric return value"
msgstr "數字返回值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "logical return value"
msgstr "邏輯返回值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "success"
msgstr "success"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "zero, 0"
msgstr "zero, 0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "error"
msgstr "error"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "non-zero, -1"
msgstr "non-zero, -1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FALSE</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">FALSE</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n"
"0\n"
"$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n"
"1"
msgstr ""
"$ [ 1 = 1 ] ; echo $?\n"
"0\n"
"$ [ 1 = 2 ] ; echo $?\n"
"1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that, in the logical context for the shell, <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">success</emphasis> is treated as the logical <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis> which has 0 (zero) as its value.  This is "
"somewhat non-intuitive and needs to be reminded here."
msgstr ""
"請注意，<emphasis role=\"strong\">success</emphasis> 是邏輯 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">TRUE</emphasis> ，0（zero）則是它的值。這有些不直觀，需要在這裡提"
"一下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Typical command sequences and shell redirection"
msgstr "典型的順序命令和 shell 重定向"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's try to remember following shell command idioms typed in one line as a "
"part of shell command."
msgstr "讓我們試著記住下面 Shell 命令裡部分命令列所使用的命令習語。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Shell command idioms"
msgstr "Shell 命令常見用法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "command idiom"
msgstr "命令常見用法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &amp;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &amp;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">background</emphasis> execution of "
"<literal>command</literal> in the subshell"
msgstr ""
"在子 shell 的<emphasis role=\"strong\">後臺 </emphasis>中執行 "
"<literal>command</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 | command2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">pipe</emphasis> the standard output of "
"<literal>command1</literal> to the standard input of <literal>command2</"
"literal> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrent</emphasis> execution)"
msgstr ""
"通過<emphasis role=\"strong\">管道</emphasis>將 <literal>command1</literal> "
"的標準輸出作爲 <literal>command2</literal> 的標準輸入（<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">並行</emphasis>執行）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command1 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 2&gt;&amp;1 | command2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">pipe</emphasis> both standard output and standard "
"error of <literal>command1</literal> to the standard input of "
"<literal>command2</literal> (<emphasis role=\"strong\">concurrent</emphasis> "
"execution)"
msgstr ""
"通過<emphasis role=\"strong\">管道</emphasis>將 <literal>command1</literal> "
"的標準輸出和標準錯誤作爲 <literal>command2</literal> 的標準輸入（<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">並行</emphasis>執行）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 ; command2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"execute <literal>command1</literal> and <literal>command2</literal> "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"執行 <literal>command1</literal> 與 <literal>command2</literal> <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">循序地進行</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command1 &amp;&amp; command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 &amp;&amp; command2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"execute <literal>command1</literal>; if successful, execute "
"<literal>command2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</"
"emphasis> (return success if both <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">and</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful)"
msgstr ""
"執行 <literal>command1</literal>；若成功，則續執行 <literal>command2</"
"literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">循序地進行</emphasis> (若 "
"<literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">與</emphasis> "
"<literal>command2</literal> 都成功，則送回成功的訊息)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command1 || command2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"execute <literal>command1</literal>; if not successful, execute "
"<literal>command2</literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">sequentially</"
"emphasis> (return success if <literal>command1</literal> <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">or</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> are successful)"
msgstr ""
"執行 <literal>command1</literal>；若不成功，接著執行 <literal>command2</"
"literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">循序地</emphasis> (若 <literal>command1</"
"literal> <emphasis role=\"strong\">或</emphasis> <literal>command2</literal> "
"成功，則送回成功的訊息)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &gt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (overwrite)"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸出重定向到文件 <literal>foo</"
"literal>（覆蓋）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command 2&gt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (overwrite)"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準錯誤重定向到文件 <literal>foo</"
"literal>（覆蓋）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &gt;&gt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard output of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (append)"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸出重定向到文件 <literal>foo</"
"literal>（附加）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command 2&gt;&gt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command 2&gt;&gt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard error of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal> (append)"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準錯誤重定向到文件 <literal>foo</"
"literal>（附加）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &gt; foo 2&gt;&amp;1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &gt; foo 2&gt;&amp;1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect both standard output and standard error of <literal>command</"
"literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸出和標準錯誤重定向到文件 <literal>foo</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &lt; foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &lt; foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to a file "
"<literal>foo</literal>"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸入重定向到文件 <literal>foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt; delimiter</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &lt;&lt; delimiter</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines "
"until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met (here document)"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸入重定向到下面的命令行，直到遇"
"到“<literal>delimiter</literal>”（here document）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>command &lt;&lt;- delimiter</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>command &lt;&lt;- delimiter</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"redirect standard input of <literal>command</literal> to the following lines "
"until \"<literal>delimiter</literal>\" is met (here document, the leading "
"tab characters are stripped from input lines)"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸入重定向到下面的命令行，直到遇"
"到“<literal>delimiter</literal>”（here document，命令行中開頭的製表符會被忽"
"略）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system is a multi-tasking system. Background jobs allow users to "
"run multiple programs in a single shell.  The management of the background "
"process involves the shell builtins: <literal>jobs</literal>, <literal>fg</"
"literal>, <literal>bg</literal>, and <literal>kill</literal>.  Please read "
"sections of bash(1) under \"SIGNALS\", and \"JOB CONTROL\", and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>builtins</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統是一個多任務的操作系統。後臺任務讓用戶能夠在一個 shell 中執行多個"
"程序。後臺進程的管理涉及 shell 的內建命令：<literal>jobs</literal>、"
"<literal>fg</literal>、<literal>bg</literal> 和 <literal>kill</literal>。請閱"
"讀 bash(1) 中的章節：“SIGNALS”、“JOB CONTROL” 和 "
"“<citerefentry><refentrytitle>builtins</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ &lt;/etc/motd pager"
msgstr "$ &lt;/etc/motd pager"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager &lt;/etc/motd"
msgstr "$ pager &lt;/etc/motd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ pager /etc/motd"
msgstr "$ pager /etc/motd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cat /etc/motd | pager"
msgstr "$ cat /etc/motd | pager"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although all 4 examples of shell redirections display the same thing, the "
"last example runs an extra <literal>cat</literal> command and wastes "
"resources with no reason."
msgstr ""
"儘管4個 shell 重定向的例子都會顯示相同的結果，但最後一個例子毫無意義地運行了"
"額外的 <literal>cat</literal> 命令浪費了資源。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The shell allows you to open files using the <literal>exec</literal> builtin "
"with an arbitrary file descriptor."
msgstr ""
"shell 允許你使用 <literal>exec</literal> 通過任意一個文件描述符來打開文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo Hello &gt;foo\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;foo 4&gt;bar  # open files\n"
"$ cat &lt;&amp;3 &gt;&amp;4       # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;&amp;- 4&gt;&amp;-    # close files\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Hello"
msgstr ""
"$ echo Hello &gt;foo\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;foo 4&gt;bar  # open files\n"
"$ cat &lt;&amp;3 &gt;&amp;4       # redirect stdin to 3, stdout to 4\n"
"$ exec 3&lt;&amp;- 4&gt;&amp;-    # close files\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"Hello"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The file descriptor 0-2 are predefined."
msgstr "預定義的文件描述符0-2。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Predefined file descriptors"
msgstr "預定義的文件描述符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "device"
msgstr "設備"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "file descriptor"
msgstr "文件描述符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>stdin</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stdin</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standard input"
msgstr "標準輸入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "0"
msgstr "0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>stdout</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stdout</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standard output"
msgstr "標準輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1"
msgstr "1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>stderr</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stderr</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standard error"
msgstr "標準錯誤"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "2"
msgstr "2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Command alias"
msgstr "命令別名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can set an alias for the frequently used command."
msgstr "你可以爲經常使用的命令設置一個別名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ alias la='ls -la'"
msgstr "$ alias la='ls -la'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now, \"<literal>la</literal>\" works as a short hand for \"<literal>ls -la</"
"literal>\" which lists all files in the long listing format."
msgstr ""
"現在，“<literal>la</literal>”是“<literal>ls -al</literal>”的簡寫形式，並同樣"
"會以長列表形式列出所有的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can list any existing aliases by <literal>alias</literal> (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> under \"SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\")."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <literal>alias</literal> 來列出所有的別名（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中的“SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ alias\n"
"...\n"
"alias la='ls -la'"
msgstr ""
"$ alias\n"
"...\n"
"alias la='ls -la'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can identity exact path or identity of the command by <literal>type</"
"literal> (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> under \"SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\")."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <literal>type</literal> 來確認命令的準確路徑或類型（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中的“SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ type ls\n"
"ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n"
"$ type la\n"
"la is aliased to ls -la\n"
"$ type echo\n"
"echo is a shell builtin\n"
"$ type file\n"
"file is /usr/bin/file"
msgstr ""
"$ type ls\n"
"ls is hashed (/bin/ls)\n"
"$ type la\n"
"la is aliased to ls -la\n"
"$ type echo\n"
"echo is a shell builtin\n"
"$ type file\n"
"file is /usr/bin/file"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here <literal>ls</literal> was recently searched while \"<literal>file</"
"literal>\" was not, thus \"<literal>ls</literal>\" is \"hashed\", i.e., the "
"shell has an internal record for the quick access to the location of the "
"\"<literal>ls</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ls</literal> 在最近被使用過，而 “<literal>file</literal>” 沒有，因"
"此 “<literal>ls</literal>” 標記為 “hashed”（被錄入雜湊表），即 shell 有一個內"
"部的記錄用來快速訪問 “<literal>ls</literal>” 所處的位置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>."
msgstr "參見<xref linkend=\"_colorized_commands\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Unix-like text processing"
msgstr "類 Unix 的文本處理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In Unix-like work environment, text processing is done by piping text "
"through chains of standard text processing tools. This was another crucial "
"Unix innovation."
msgstr ""
"在類 Unix 的工作環境中，文本處理是通過使用管道組成的標準文本處理工具鏈完成"
"的。這是另一個重要的 Unix 創新。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Unix text tools"
msgstr "Unix 文本工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are few standard text processing tools which are used very often on "
"the Unix-like system."
msgstr "這裏有一些在類 Unix 系統中經常使用到的標準文本處理工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "No regular expression is used:"
msgstr "沒有使用正則表達式："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> concatenates files and outputs the whole content."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 連接文件並輸出全部的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> concatenates files and outputs in reverse."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 連接文件並反向輸出。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cut</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> selects parts of lines and outputs."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cut</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 選擇行的一部分並輸出。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>head</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> outputs the first part of files."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>head</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 輸出文件的開頭。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> outputs the last part of files."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 輸出文件的末尾。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> sorts lines of text files."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 對文本文件的行進行排序。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>uniq</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> removes duplicate lines from a sorted file."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>uniq</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 從已排序的文件中移除相同的行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> translates or deletes characters."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 轉換或刪除字符。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> compares files line by line."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 對文件的行進行對比。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Basic regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>) is used:"
msgstr "使用基礎的正則表達式（ <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> ）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> matches text with patterns."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 匹配滿足 pattern 的文字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is a primitive line editor."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個原始行編輯器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is a stream editor."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個流編輯器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is a screen editor."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個屏幕編輯器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is a screen editor. (somewhat extended <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">BRE</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個屏幕編輯器。（有些擴展的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</"
"emphasis> ）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Extended regular expression (<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>) is "
"used:"
msgstr "使用擴展的正則表達式（ <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> ）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>egrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> matches text with patterns."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>egrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 匹配滿足多個 pattern 的文字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>awk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> does simple text processing."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>awk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 進行簡單的文本處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3tcl</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> can do every conceivable text processing: See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>re_syntax</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. Often used with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3tk</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3tcl</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 可以進行任何你想得到的文本處理：參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>re_syntax</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 。經常與 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3tk</manvolnum></citerefentry> 一起使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> can do every conceivable text processing. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perlre</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 可以進行任何你想得到的文本處理。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perlre</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcregrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> from the <literal>pcregrep</literal> package "
"matches text with <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl "
"Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink> pattern."
msgstr ""
"<literal>pcregrep</literal> 軟體包中的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcregrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以匹配滿足 <ulink url="
"\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;\">Perl 相容正則表示式（PCRE）</ulink> 模"
"式的文字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with the <literal>re</literal> module can do every conceivable "
"text processing. See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 帶有 <literal>re</literal> 模組可以處理每個預期的文件作業。見 "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/python/html/index.html</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are not sure what exactly these commands do, please use "
"\"<literal>man command</literal>\" to figure it out by yourself."
msgstr ""
"如果你不確定這些命令究竟做了什麼，請使用“<literal>man command</literal>” 來自"
"己把它搞清楚吧。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Sort order and range expression are locale dependent.  If you wish to obtain "
"traditional behavior for a command, use <emphasis role=\"strong\">C</"
"emphasis> locale instead of <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> ones "
"by prepending command with \"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/"
">)."
msgstr ""
"排序的順序和表示式的範圍取決於語言環境 。如果你想要獲得一個命令的傳統行為，可"
"以在命令之前使用 “<literal>LANG=C</literal>” 讓 <emphasis role=\"strong\">C</"
"emphasis> 語言環境代替 <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis>（參見 "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_locale\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> regular expressions "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perlre</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>), <ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;"
"\">Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)</ulink>, and <ulink url="
"\"&python;\">Python</ulink> regular expressions offered by the <literal>re</"
"literal> module have many common extensions to the normal <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> 正則表達式"
"（ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perlre</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> ）、<ulink url=\"&perlcompatiblererexpressionspcre;"
"\">Perl 兼容正則表達式（PCRE）</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&python;\">Python</"
"ulink> 的<literal>re</literal> 模塊提供的正則表達式與一般的 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> 相比多了許多通用的擴展。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Regular expressions"
msgstr "正則表達式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&regularexpressions;\">Regular expressions</ulink> are used in "
"many text processing tools.  They are analogous to the shell globs, but they "
"are more complicated and powerful."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&regularexpressions;\">正則表示式</ulink>被使用在許多文字處理工"
"具中。它們類似 shell 的萬用字元，但更加複雜和強大。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The regular expression describes the matching pattern and is made up of text "
"characters and <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"正則表示式描述要匹配的模式，它是由文字字元和<emphasis role=\"strong\">元字元"
"</emphasis>構成的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> is just a character "
"with a special meaning.  There are 2 major styles, <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">BRE</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>, depending on "
"the text tools as described above."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">元字符</emphasis>僅僅是帶有特殊含義的字符。它們有兩"
"種主要的形式，<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> ，使用哪種取決於上述的文本工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Metacharacters for BRE and ERE"
msgstr "BRE 和 ERE 中的元字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "BRE"
msgstr "BRE"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "ERE"
msgstr "ERE"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of the regular expression"
msgstr "正則表達式的描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\ .  [ ] ^ $ *</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\ .  [ ] ^ $ *</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "common <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr "通用的<emphasis role=\"strong\">元字符</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\+ \\? \\( \\) \\{ \\} \\|</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid " "
msgstr " "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"BRE only \"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"BRE 獨有的“<literal>\\</literal>”跳脫<emphasis role=\"strong\">元字符</"
"emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>+ ? ( ) { } |</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"ERE only non-\"<literal>\\</literal>\" escaped <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">metacharacters</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"ERE 獨有的不需要“<literal>\\</literal>”轉義的<emphasis role=\"strong\">元字元"
"</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-metacharacter</emphasis> \"<literal>c</"
"literal>\""
msgstr ""
"匹配<emphasis role=\"strong\">非元字符</emphasis> “<literal>c</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\c</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match a literal character \"<literal>c</literal>\" even if \"<literal>c</"
"literal>\" is <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacter</emphasis> by itself"
msgstr ""
"匹配一個字面意義上的字符 “<literal>c</literal>”，即使 “<literal>c</literal>” "
"本身是<emphasis role=\"strong\">元字符</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match any character including newline"
msgstr "匹配任意字符，包括換行符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "position at the beginning of a string"
msgstr "字符串的開始位置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "position at the end of a string"
msgstr "字符串的結束位置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\&lt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\&lt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "position at the beginning of a word"
msgstr "單詞的開始位置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "position at the end of a word"
msgstr "單詞的結束位置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[abc…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[abc…]</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match any characters in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\""
msgstr "匹配在 “<literal>abc...</literal>” 中的任意字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[^abc…]</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match any characters except in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\""
msgstr "匹配除了 “<literal>abc...</literal>” 中的任意字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r*</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match zero or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\""
msgstr "匹配零個或多個 “<literal>r</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r\\+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r\\+</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r+</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match one or more regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\""
msgstr "匹配一個或多個 “<literal>r</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r\\?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r\\?</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r?</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match zero or one regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r</literal>\""
msgstr "匹配零個或一個 “<literal>r</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r1\\|r2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r1|r2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r1|r2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>r2</literal>\""
msgstr "匹配一個 “<literal>r1</literal>” 或 “<literal>r2</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\(r1\\|r2\\)</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(r1|r2)</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match one of the regular expressions identified by \"<literal>r1</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>r2</literal>\" and treat it as a <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression"
msgstr ""
"匹配一個 “<literal>r1</literal>” 或 “<literal>r2</literal>“ ，並作爲"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">括號</emphasis>內的正則表達式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The regular expression of <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</"
"literal></emphasis> is basically <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> "
"but has been extended to treat \"<literal>+</literal>\"and \"<literal>?</"
"literal>\" as the <emphasis role=\"strong\">metacharacters</emphasis> as in "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>.  Thus, there are no needs to "
"escape them with \"<literal>\\</literal>\" in the regular expression of "
"<literal>emacs</literal>."
msgstr ""
"常見的 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>emacs</literal></emphasis> 表示為基"
"本的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> 但擴充為 \"<literal>+</literal>"
"\" 與 \"<literal>?</literal>\" 做為 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">metacharacters</emphasis> 當成 <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>。"
"因此，不需要以 \"<literal>\\</literal>\" 在正規的表示 <literal>emacs</"
"literal> 表示中做為逸出字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> can be used to perform the text search using the regular "
"expression."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 可以使用正則表達式來進行文本搜索。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program"
msgstr ""
"$ egrep 'GNU.*LICENSE|Yoyodyne' /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n"
"Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Replacement expressions"
msgstr "替換表達式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For the replacement expression, some characters have special meanings."
msgstr "對於替換表達式，一些字符有特殊的含義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The replacement expression"
msgstr "替換表達式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "replacement expression"
msgstr "替換表達式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of the text to replace the replacement expression"
msgstr "替換表達式替換的文本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"what the regular expression matched (use <literal>\\&amp;</literal> in "
"<literal>emacs</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"正則表達式所匹配的內容（在 <literal>emacs</literal> 中使用 <literal>\\&amp;</"
"literal> ）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\n</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\n</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"what the n-th <emphasis role=\"strong\">bracketed</emphasis> regular "
"expression matched (\"n\" being number)"
msgstr ""
"前 n 個<emphasis role=\"strong\">括號</emphasis>的正則表達式匹配的內容（ “n” "
"是數字）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For Perl replacement string, \"$&amp;\" is used instead of \"&amp;\" and \"$n"
"\" is used instead of \"\\n\"."
msgstr "對 Perl 替換字串來說，應使用“$&amp;”而非“&amp;”，應使用“$n”而非“\\n”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=$&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4="
msgstr ""
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/=&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4=\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"sed -e 's/\\(1[a-z]*\\)[0-9]*\\(.*\\)$/\\2===\\1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/$2===$1/'\n"
"zzzefg3hij4===1abc\n"
"$ echo zzz1abc2efg3hij4 | \\\n"
"perl -pe 's/(1[a-z]*)[0-9]*(.*)$/=$&amp;=/'\n"
"zzz=1abc2efg3hij4="

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here please pay extra attention to the style of the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">bracketed</emphasis> regular expression and how the matched strings are "
"used in the text replacement process on different tools."
msgstr ""
"請特別注意這些<emphasis role=\"strong\">括號</emphasis>正則表達式的格式，以及"
"這些被匹配的文本如何被替換到不同的文本處理工具中的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These regular expressions can be used for cursor movements and text "
"replacement actions in some editors too."
msgstr "這些正則表示式在一些編輯器中也可以用來移動游標和替換文字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The back slash \"<literal>\\</literal>\" at the end of line in the shell "
"commandline escapes newline as a white space character and continues shell "
"command line input to the next line."
msgstr ""
"在 shell 命令列行末的反斜槓 “<literal>\\</literal>” 會跳脫一個換行符（作為空"
"白符），並將游標移動到下一行的行首。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Please read all the related manual pages to learn these commands."
msgstr "請閱讀所有相關手冊來學習這些命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Global substitution with regular expressions"
msgstr "正則表示式的全域性替換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command can replace all instances of \"<literal>FROM_REGEX</"
"literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in \"<literal>file</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令可以在 “<literal>file</literal>” 中將所有的 "
"“<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>” 替換成 “<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>” 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ed file &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n"
"w\n"
"q\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""
"$ ed file &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
",s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g\n"
"w\n"
"q\n"
"EOF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command can replace all instances of "
"\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令可以在 “<literal>file</literal>” 中將所有的 "
"“<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>” 替換成 “<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>” 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sed -i -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g' file"
msgstr "$ sed -i -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g' file"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command can replace all instances of "
"\"<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>\" with \"<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\" by using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ex</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令可以通過使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ex</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令在 “<literal>file</"
"literal>” 中將所有的 “<literal>FROM_REGEX</literal>” 替換成 "
"“<literal>TO_TEXT</literal>” 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file"
msgstr "$ vim '+%s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/gc' '+w' '+q' file"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>c</literal>\" flag in the above ensures interactive "
"confirmation for each substitution."
msgstr ""
"上面的 “<literal>c</literal>” 標誌可以確保在每次替換時都進行互動式的確認。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Multiple files (\"<literal>file1</literal>\", \"<literal>file2</literal>\", "
"and \"<literal>file3</literal>\") can be processed with regular expressions "
"similarly with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"多個檔案（ “<literal>file1</literal>”，“<literal>file2</literal>” 和 "
"“<literal>file3</literal>” ）可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 通過正則表示式進行類似的處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/ge|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr "$ vim '+argdo %s/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/ge|update' '+q' file1 file2 file3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>e</literal>\" flag in the above prevents the \"No match\" "
"error from breaking a mapping."
msgstr "上面的 “<literal>e</literal>” 標誌是為了防止 “No match” 錯誤中斷替換。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3"
msgstr "$ perl -i -p -e 's/FROM_REGEX/TO_TEXT/g;' file1 file2 file3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the perl(1) example, \"<literal>-i</literal>\" is for the in-place "
"editing of each target file, and \"<literal>-p</literal>\" is for the "
"implicit loop over all given files."
msgstr ""
"在 perl(1)例子中 , \"<literal>-i</literal>\" 是在每一個目標檔案的原處編"
"輯，\"<literal>-p</literal>\" 是表示迴圈所有給定的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use of argument \"<literal>-i.bak</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>-i</"
"literal>\" keeps each original file by adding \"<literal>.bak</literal>\" to "
"its filename.  This makes recovery from errors easier for complex "
"substitutions."
msgstr ""
"使用引數 “<literal>-i.bak</literal>” 代替 “<literal>-i</literal>” ，可以在檔"
"名後新增 “<literal>.bak</literal>” 再儲存。對於複雜的替換，這使得從錯誤中恢復"
"變得容易。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> are <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">BRE</emphasis>; <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> ； <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Extracting data from text file table"
msgstr "從文字檔案的表格中提取資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's consider a text file called \"<literal>DPL</literal>\" in which some "
"pre-2004 Debian project leader's names and their initiation date are listed "
"in a space-separated format."
msgstr ""
"下面有一個文字檔案 “<literal>DPL</literal>” ，裡面含有 2004 年以前 Debian 專"
"案的領導者名字和起始日期，並以空格分隔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Bruce   Perens    April   1996\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"Wichert Akkerman  January 1999\n"
"Ben     Collins   April   2001\n"
"Bdale   Garbee    April   2002\n"
"Martin  Michlmayr March   2003"
msgstr ""
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Bruce   Perens    April   1996\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"Wichert Akkerman  January 1999\n"
"Ben     Collins   April   2001\n"
"Bdale   Garbee    April   2002\n"
"Martin  Michlmayr March   2003"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">\"A Brief History of Debian\"</"
"ulink> for the latest <ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian "
"leadership history</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <ulink url=\"&abriefhistoryofdebian;\">“Debian 簡史”</ulink> 獲取最新的 "
"<ulink url=\"&debianleadershiphistory;\">Debian 領導階層歷史</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Awk is frequently used to extract data from these types of files."
msgstr "Awk 經常被用來從這種型別的檔案中提取資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ awk '{ print $3 }' &lt;DPL                   # month started\n"
"August\n"
"April\n"
"January\n"
"January\n"
"April\n"
"April\n"
"March\n"
"$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' &lt;DPL          # DPL called Ian\n"
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' &lt;DPL # When Perens started\n"
"April 1996"
msgstr ""
"$ awk '{ print $3 }' &lt;DPL                   # month started\n"
"August\n"
"April\n"
"January\n"
"January\n"
"April\n"
"April\n"
"March\n"
"$ awk '($1==\"Ian\") { print }' &lt;DPL          # DPL called Ian\n"
"Ian     Murdock   August  1993\n"
"Ian     Jackson   January 1998\n"
"$ awk '($2==\"Perens\") { print $3,$4 }' &lt;DPL # When Perens started\n"
"April 1996"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Shells such as Bash can be also used to parse this kind of file."
msgstr "Shell （例如 Bash ）也可以用來分析這種檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ while read first last month year; do\n"
"    echo $month\n"
"  done &lt;DPL\n"
"... same output as the first Awk example"
msgstr ""
"$ while read first last month year; do\n"
"    echo $month\n"
"  done &lt;DPL\n"
"... 第一個 AWK 例子的一些輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, the <literal>read</literal> builtin command uses characters in "
"\"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" (internal field separators) to split lines into "
"words."
msgstr ""
"內建命令 <literal>read</literal> 使用 “<literal>$IFS</literal>” （內部域分隔"
"符）中的字元來將行分隔成多個單詞。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you change \"<literal>$IFS</literal>\" to \"<literal>:</literal>\", you "
"can parse \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" with shell nicely."
msgstr ""
"如果你將 “<literal>$IFS</literal>” 改變為 “<literal>:</literal>” ，你可以很好"
"地使用 shell 來分析 “<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\"   # save old value\n"
"$ IFS=':'\n"
"$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n"
"    if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n"
"      echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"  done &lt; /etc/passwd\n"
"bozo's ID is 1000\n"
"$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\"   # restore old value"
msgstr ""
"$ oldIFS=\"$IFS\"   # save old value\n"
"$ IFS=':'\n"
"$ while read user password uid gid rest_of_line; do\n"
"    if [ \"$user\" = \"bozo\" ]; then\n"
"      echo \"$user's ID is $uid\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"  done &lt; /etc/passwd\n"
"bozo's ID is 1000\n"
"$ IFS=\"$oldIFS\"   # restore old value"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"(If Awk is used to do the equivalent, use \"<literal>FS=':'</literal>\" to "
"set the field separator.)"
msgstr ""
"（如果要用 Awk 做到相同的事，使用 “<literal>FS=':'</literal>” 來設定域分隔"
"符。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"IFS is also used by the shell to split results of parameter expansion, "
"command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.  These do not occur within "
"double or single quoted words.  The default value of IFS is &lt;space&gt;, "
"&lt;tab&gt;, and &lt;newline&gt; combined."
msgstr ""
"IFS 也被 shell 用來分割引數擴充套件、命令替換和算術擴充套件的結果。這不會出現"
"在雙引號或單引號中。 IFS 的預設值為 &lt;空格&gt;、&lt;tab&gt; 和&lt;換行符"
"&gt;。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Be careful about using this shell IFS tricks.  Strange things may happen, "
"when shell interprets some parts of the script as its <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">input</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"請謹慎使用 shell 的 IFS 技巧。當 shell 將指令碼的一部分解釋為對它的<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">輸入</emphasis>時，會發生一些奇怪的事。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ IFS=\":,\"                        # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n"
"$ echo IFS=$IFS,   IFS=\"$IFS\"     # echo is a Bash builtin\n"
"IFS=  , IFS=:,\n"
"$ date -R                         # just a command output\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)                 # sub shell --&gt; input to main shell\n"
"Sat  23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n"
"$ unset IFS                       # reset IFS to the default\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200"
msgstr ""
"$ IFS=\":,\"                        # use \":\" and \",\" as IFS\n"
"$ echo IFS=$IFS,   IFS=\"$IFS\"     # echo is a Bash builtin\n"
"IFS=  , IFS=:,\n"
"$ date -R                         # just a command output\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:15 +0200\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)                 # sub shell --&gt; input to main shell\n"
"Sat  23 Aug 2003 08 30 36 +0200\n"
"$ unset IFS                       # reset IFS to the default\n"
"$ echo $(date -R)\n"
"Sat, 23 Aug 2003 08:30:50 +0200"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Script snippets for piping commands"
msgstr "用於管道命令的小片段指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following scripts do nice things as a part of a pipe."
msgstr "下面的指令碼作為管道的一部分，可以做一些細緻的事情。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of script snippets for piping commands"
msgstr "管道命令的小片段指令碼列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "script snippet (type in one line)"
msgstr "指令碼片段（在一行內輸入）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "effect of command"
msgstr "命令效果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>find /usr -print</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "find all files under \"<literal>/usr</literal>\""
msgstr "找出\"<literal>/usr</literal>\"下的所有檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>seq 1 100</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "print 1 to 100"
msgstr "顯示 1 到 100"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| xargs -n 1 &lt;command&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| xargs -n 1 &lt;command&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "run command repeatedly with each item from pipe as its argument"
msgstr "把從管道過來的每一項作為引數，重複執行命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| xargs -n 1 echo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| xargs -n 1 echo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "split white-space-separated items from pipe into lines"
msgstr "把從管道過來的，用空格隔開的項，分隔成多行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| xargs echo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| xargs echo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "merge all lines from pipe into a line"
msgstr "把從管道過來的所有行合併為一行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| grep -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| grep -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract lines from pipe containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;"
msgstr "從管道過來，包含有 &lt;regex_pattern&gt;的行，提取出來"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| grep -v -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| grep -v -e &lt;regex_pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract lines from pipe not containing &lt;regex_pattern&gt;"
msgstr "把從管道過來，不包含有 &lt;regex_pattern&gt;的行，提取出來"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| cut -d: -f3 -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| cut -d: -f3 -</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"extract third field from pipe separated by \"<literal>:</literal>\" (passwd "
"file etc.)"
msgstr ""
"把從管道過來，用 \"<literal>:</literal>\"分隔的第三列提取出來 (passwd 檔案"
"等。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| awk '{ print $3 }'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by whitespaces"
msgstr "把用空格隔開的第三列提取出來"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| awk -F'\\t' '{ print $3 }'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract third field from pipe separated by tab"
msgstr "把用 tab 鍵隔開的第三列提取出來"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| col -bx</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| col -bx</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove backspace and expand tabs to spaces"
msgstr "刪除退格鍵，擴充套件 tab 鍵為空格鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| expand -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| expand -</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "expand tabs"
msgstr "擴充套件 tab 鍵到空格鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sort and remove duplicates"
msgstr "排序並刪除重複行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert uppercase to lowercase"
msgstr "將大小字母轉換為小寫字母"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| tr -d '\\n'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| tr -d '\\n'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "concatenate lines into one line"
msgstr "將多行連線為一行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| tr -d '\\r'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| tr -d '\\r'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove CR"
msgstr "刪除換行回車符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| sed 's/^/# /'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| sed 's/^/# /'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "add \"<literal>#</literal>\" to the start of each line"
msgstr "在每行行首增加一個\"<literal>#</literal>\"符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| sed 's/\\.ext//g'</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove \"<literal>.ext</literal>\""
msgstr "刪除 \"<literal>.ext</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| sed -n -e 2p</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| sed -n -e 2p</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "print the second line"
msgstr "顯示第二行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| head -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| head -n 2 -</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "print the first 2 lines"
msgstr "顯示最前面兩行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>| tail -n 2 -</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>| tail -n 2 -</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "print the last 2 lines"
msgstr "顯示最後兩行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A one-line shell script can loop over many files using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xargs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to perform quite "
"complicated tasks.  See <xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/"
"> and <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xargs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，單行 shell 指令碼能夠"
"在多個檔案上迴圈使用，可以執行相當複雜的任務。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When using the shell interactive mode becomes too complicated, please "
"consider to write a shell script (see <xref linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"當使用 shell 互動模式變得太麻煩的時候，請考慮寫一個 shell 指令碼(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_shell_script\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Debian package management"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><note><para>
msgid ""
"This chapter is written assuming the latest stable release is codename: "
"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>."
msgstr ""
"這一章假定最新的穩定版的代號為：<literal>&codename-stable;</literal> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> is a volunteer organization which "
"builds <emphasis role=\"strong\">consistent</emphasis> distributions of pre-"
"compiled binary packages of free software and distributes them from its "
"archive."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink> 是一個志願者組織，它建立<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">一致的</emphasis>自由軟體的預編譯二進位制包並從檔案庫中分發它"
"們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">The Debian archive</ulink> is offered by "
"<ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">many remote mirror sites</ulink> for "
"access through HTTP and FTP methods. It is also available as <ulink url="
"\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&manyremotemirrorsites;\">許多遠端映象站</ulink>提供了 HTTP 和 "
"FTP 的方式來訪問 <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debian 檔案庫</ulink>。也"
"可以使用 <ulink url=\"&cdromdvd;\">CD-ROM/DVD</ulink> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian package management system, <emphasis role=\"strong\">when used "
"properly</emphasis>, offers the user to install <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">consistent sets of binary packages</emphasis> to the system from the "
"archive.  Currently, there are &all-packages; packages available for the "
"&arch; architecture."
msgstr ""
"Debian 軟體包管理系統，<emphasis role=\"strong\">當使用適當時</emphasis>，可"
"以讓使用者從檔案庫安裝<emphasis role=\"strong\">統一設定的二進位制軟體包</"
"emphasis> 到系統中。現在，有 &all-packages; 個可用於 &arch; 架構的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian package management system has a rich history and many choices for "
"the front end user program and back end archive access method to be used.  "
"Currently, we recommend the following."
msgstr ""
"Debian 軟體包管理系統有豐富的歷史，有許多可供選擇的前端使用者程式和後端訪問方"
"式。現在，我們推薦下列的這些。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for all commandline operations, including "
#| "package installation and removal, and dist-upgrades."
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for all interactive command line operations, including package "
"installation, removal and dist-upgrades. Available since Debian Jessie "
"(Debian 8)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 用於所有的命令列操作，包含軟體包的安裝、移除和升"
"級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> is the lowest level tool for the Debian package "
#| "management.  This is very powerful and needs to be used with care."
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for calling Debian package management system from "
"scripts. It is also a fallback option when <literal>apt</literal> is not "
"available (often with older Debian systems)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是 Debian 軟體包管理中最底層的工具。它非常強大，必須小心使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for an interactive text interface to manage the "
"installed packages and to search the available packages."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用一個互動式的文字介面來管理已安裝的軟體包和搜尋"
"可用的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><title>
msgid "List of Debian package management tools"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包管理工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), front-end for <literal>dpkg</literal> "
#| "providing \"<literal>http</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp</literal>\", and "
#| "\"<literal>file</literal>\" archive access methods (<literal>apt-get</"
#| "literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> commands included)"
msgid ""
"Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), front-end for <literal>dpkg</literal> "
"providing \"<literal>http</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp</literal>\", and "
"\"<literal>file</literal>\" archive access methods (<literal>apt</literal>/"
"<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> commands included)"
msgstr ""
"高階軟體包工具(APT), <literal>dpkg</literal> 的前端，提供了 “<literal>http</"
"literal>” 、“<literal>ftp</literal>” 和 “<literal>file</literal>” 的檔案庫訪"
"問方式（包含<literal>apt-get</literal> 和 <literal>apt-cache</literal> 命令）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"interactive terminal-based package manager with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> ，基於終端的互動式軟體包管理工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"tool for selecting tasks for installation on the Debian system (front-end "
"for APT)"
msgstr "Debian 系統上對安裝進行選擇的工具（APT 的前端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"enhancement package for APT to enable automatic installation of security "
"upgrades"
msgstr "用於 APT 的增強軟體包，會自動安裝安全更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"terminal-based package manager (previous standard, front-end for APT and "
"other old access methods)"
msgstr "基於終端的軟體包管理工具（之前的標準，APT 的前端和其它老的訪問方式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package management system for Debian"
msgstr "用於 Debian 的軟體包管理系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "graphical package manager (GNOME front-end for APT)"
msgstr "圖形化的軟體包管理工具（GNOME 的 APT 前端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"APT utility programs: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-extracttemplates</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-ftparchive</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-sortpkgs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"APT 實用程式：<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-extracttemplates</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-ftparchive</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-sortpkgs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package change history notification tool"
msgstr "軟體包歷史更改提醒工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "lists critical bugs before each APT installation"
msgstr "在每次 APT 安裝前列出嚴重的 bug"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "APT package searching utility — command-line interface"
msgstr "APT 軟體包搜尋工具 —— 命令列介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "recursively lists package dependencies"
msgstr "遞迴列出軟體包依賴"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Debian package management prerequisites"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包管理的前提"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Package configuration"
msgstr "軟體包配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are some key points for package configuration on the Debian system."
msgstr "下面是 Debian 系統軟體包配置的一些要點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The manual configuration by the system administrator is respected. In other "
"words, the package configuration system makes no intrusive configuration for "
"the sake of convenience."
msgstr ""
"Debian 尊重系統管理員的手動配置。換句話說，軟體包配置系統不會為了方便而去更改"
"那些配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Each package comes with its own configuration script with standardized user "
"interface called <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> to help initial "
"installation process of the package."
msgstr ""
"每個軟體包都帶有自己的配置指令碼，它使用標準使用者介面 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來幫助軟體包初始化安裝過程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian Developers try their best to make your upgrade experience flawless "
"with package configuration scripts."
msgstr "Debian 開發者通過軟體包配置指令碼，盡力使你能有一個完美的升級體驗。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Full functionalities of packaged software are available to the system "
"administrator.  But ones with security risks are disabled in the default "
"installation."
msgstr ""
"系統管理員可以使用軟體包工具的全部功能。但在預設的安裝中會禁用那些具有安全風"
"險的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"If you manually activate a service with some security risks, you are "
"responsible for the risk containment."
msgstr "如果你手動激活了一些具有安全隱患的服務，你有責任遏制風險。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system "
#| "administrator.  This may create interferences with popular generic helper "
#| "programs for the system configuration."
msgid ""
"Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system administrator.  "
"This may create interference with popular generic helper programs for the "
"system configuration."
msgstr ""
"高深的配置可以由系統管理員手動啟用。這可能會對用於系統配置的通用流行幫助程式"
"造成干擾。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic precautions"
msgstr "基本的注意事項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not install packages from random mixture of suites.  It probably breaks "
"the package consistency which requires deep system management knowledge, "
"such as compiler <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&library;"
"\">library</ulink> version, interpreter features, etc."
msgstr ""
"不要從任何的混合套件中安裝軟體包。它可能會打破軟體包的一致性，這需要你要深厚"
"的系統管理知識，例如 <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> 編譯器、<ulink url="
"\"&library;\">庫</ulink>版本和直譯器特性等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&newbie;\">newbie</ulink> Debian system administrator "
"should stay with the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></"
"emphasis> release of Debian while applying only security updates.  I mean "
"that some of the following valid actions are better avoided, as a "
"precaution, until you understand the Debian system very well.  Here are some "
"reminders."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統管理員中的<ulink url=\"&newbie;\">新手</ulink>應該保持在只進行安全"
"更新的 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> 版本。"
"我的意思是，最好避免下列的一些行為作為一項預防措施，直到你十分了解 Debian 系"
"統。下面有一些提醒。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not include <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></"
"emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></"
"emphasis> in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 中不要包含 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> 或 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not mix standard Debian with other non-Debian archives such as Ubuntu in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 裡不要在標準的 Debian 中混合使"
"用其它非 Debian 的檔案庫，例如 Ubuntu 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Do not create \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"."
msgstr "不要建立 “<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>” 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not change default behavior of package management tools through "
"configuration files without knowing their full impacts."
msgstr ""
"不瞭解會造成的全部影響，就不要通過配置檔案改變軟體包管理工具的預設行為。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;random_package&gt;</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"不要使用 “<literal>dpkg -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>” 安裝任何軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not ever install random packages by \"<literal>dpkg --force-all -i &lt;"
"random_package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"絕不使用 “<literal>dpkg --force-all -i &lt;random_package&gt;</literal>” 安裝"
"任何軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Do not erase or alter files in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>\"."
msgstr "不要刪除或修改 “<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/</literal>” 中的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not overwrite system files by installing software programs directly "
"compiled from source."
msgstr "不要讓從原始碼直接安裝的程式覆蓋系統檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Install them into \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" or \"<literal>/opt</"
"literal>\", if needed."
msgstr ""
"如果需要的話，將它們安裝到 “<literal>/usr/local</literal>” 或 “<literal>/"
"opt</literal>” 中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The non-compatible effects caused by above actions to the Debian package "
"management system may leave your system unusable."
msgstr ""
"上述對 Debian 軟體包管理系統做的行為所導致的不相容影響可能會使你的系統無法使"
"用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The serious Debian system administrator who runs mission critical servers, "
"should use extra precautions."
msgstr ""
"負責有關鍵任務的伺服器的嚴謹的 Debian 系統系統管理員，應該使用額外的預防措"
"施。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Do not install any packages including security updates from Debian without "
"thoroughly testing them with your particular configuration under safe "
"conditions."
msgstr ""
"沒有在安全的條件下使用你特定的配置進行徹底地測試，就不要從 Debian 安裝任何軟"
"體包（包含安全更新）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You as the system administrator are responsible for your system in the end."
msgstr "你作為系統管理員要對你的系統負責到底。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The long stability history of the Debian system is no guarantee by itself."
msgstr "Debian 系統長久的穩定史並無法保證什麼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Life with eternal upgrades"
msgstr "持續升級的生活"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Despite my warnings above, I know many readers of this document wish to run "
"the <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> suites of "
"Debian as their main system for <emphasis role=\"strong\">self-administered "
"Desktop environments</emphasis>. This is because they work very well, are "
"updated frequently, and offer the latest features."
msgstr ""
"儘管我在上面進行了警告，我知道許多閱讀這份文件的人還是想要使用 Debian 的 "
"<literal>testing</literal> 或 <literal>unstable</literal> 套件來作為他們"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">自行管理的桌面環境</emphasis>的主系統。這是因為這些"
"套件執行得很好，更新頻繁，並提供了最新的特性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"For your <emphasis role=\"strong\">production server</emphasis>, the "
"<literal>stable</literal> suite with the security updates is recommended.  "
"The same can be said for desktop PCs on which you can spend limited "
"administration efforts, e.g. for your mother's PC."
msgstr ""
"對於你的<emphasis role=\"strong\">生產伺服器</emphasis>，建議使用帶有安全更行"
"的 <literal>stable</literal> 套件。對於你只進行有限管理的桌面 PC 也是同樣如"
"此，例如你母親的 PC 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"It takes no more than simply setting the distribution string in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" to the suite name: "
"\"<literal>testing</literal>\" or \"<literal>unstable</literal>\"; or the "
"codename: \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>\" or \"<literal>&codename-"
"unstable;</literal>\". This makes you live <emphasis role=\"strong\">the "
"life of eternal upgrades</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"你只需要在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 中簡單地將發行版字串設"
"定為套件名：“<literal>testing</literal>” 或 “<literal>unstable</literal>”；或"
"者代號：“<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>” 或 “<literal>&codename-"
"unstable;</literal>” 。這會使你享受<emphasis role=\"strong\">持續升級的生活</"
"emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The use of <literal>testing</literal> or <literal>unstable</literal> is "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">a lot of fun</emphasis> but comes with some "
"risks.  Even though the <literal>unstable</literal> suite of the Debian "
"system looks very stable for most of the times, there have been some package "
"problems on the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> "
"suite of the Debian system and a few of them were not so trivial to resolve. "
"It may be <emphasis role=\"strong\">quite painful</emphasis> for you. "
"Sometimes, you may have a broken package or missing functionality for a few "
"weeks."
msgstr ""
"使用 <literal>testing</literal> 或 <literal>unstable</literal> 是<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">很有樂趣的</emphasis>，但會帶來一些風險。儘管 Debian 系統的 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 套件在大多數時候看起來都非常穩定，但在 Debian 系"
"統的 <literal>testing</literal> 和 <literal>unstable</literal> 套件中存在一些"
"軟體包問題，並且它們中的一部分是不容易解決的。這對你來說可能會<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">很痛苦</emphasis>。有時候，你可能會有一個損壞的軟體包或缺少某些功"
"能幾個星期。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are some ideas to ensure quick and easy recovery from bugs in Debian "
"packages."
msgstr "這裡有一些方法，可以使你簡單快速地從 Debian 軟體包的 bug 中恢復。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Make the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">dual bootable</emphasis> by "
"installing the <literal>stable</literal> suite of the Debian system to "
"another partition"
msgstr ""
"通過將 Debian 系統的 <literal>stable</literal> 套件安裝到另一個分割槽，可以使"
"系統能夠進行<emphasis role=\"strong\">雙啟動</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Make the installation CD handy for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">rescue "
"boot</emphasis>"
msgstr "製作安裝 CD 便於用於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">救援啟動</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Consider installing <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> to check the <ulink url="
"\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS)</ulink> "
"information before the upgrade"
msgstr ""
"考慮安裝 <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> ，這可以在升級之前檢查 <ulink url="
"\"&debianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian Bug 跟蹤系統（BTS）</ulink> 的資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Learn the package system infrastructure enough to work around the problem"
msgstr "對軟體包系統的基礎設施有足夠的瞭解來解決問題"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Create a chroot or similar environment and run the latest system in it in "
"advance (see <xref linkend=\"_virtualized_system\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"建立一個 chroot 或類似的環境來提前執行最新的系統（參見<xref linkend="
"\"_virtualized_system\"/>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"(If you can not do any one of these precautionary actions, you are probably "
"not ready for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</literal> "
"suites.)"
msgstr ""
"（如果你無法做到這些預防措施中的任何一個，那你可能還沒做好使用 "
"<literal>testing</literal> 和<literal>unstable</literal> 套件的準備。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">Enlightenment</ulink> with the following "
"saves a person from the eternal <ulink url=\"&karmic;\">karmic</ulink> "
"struggle of upgrade <ulink url=\"&hell;\">hell</ulink> and let him reach "
"Debian <ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">nirvana</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&enlightenment;\">菩薩</ulink>使用下面的內容拯救一個人，使他從掙"
"扎於持續升級<ulink url=\"&hell;\">地獄</ulink>的<ulink url=\"&karmic;\">因果"
"報應</ulink>中脫困，並讓他達到 Debian 的<ulink url=\"&nirvana;\">極樂世界</"
"ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debian archive basics"
msgstr "Debian 檔案庫基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's look into <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> "
"from a system user's perspective."
msgstr ""
"讓我們從系統使用者的角度來看看 <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">Debian 檔案"
"庫</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Official policy of the Debian archive is defined at <ulink url="
"\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debian Policy Manual, Chapter 2 - The "
"Debian Archive</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Debian 檔案庫官方政策的定義參見 <ulink url="
"\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">Debian 政策文件，第2章 —— Debian 檔案"
"庫</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the typical HTTP access, the archive is specified in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following, e.g. for the current "
"<literal>stable</literal> = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> system."
msgstr ""
"對於典型的 HTTP 訪問，檔案庫在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 檔"
"案中像下面那樣指定，例如，現在 <literal>stable</literal> = "
"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal> 系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, I tend to use codename \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\" "
"instead of suite name \"<literal>stable</literal>\" to avoid surprises when "
"the next <literal>stable</literal> is released."
msgstr ""
"這裡，我傾向於使用代號 “<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>” 來代替套件名 "
"“<literal>stable</literal>” ，以避免下一個 <literal>stable</literal> 版本釋出"
"時出現意外。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The meaning of \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is described in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and key points are followings."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 的含義在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中進行了描述，下面是一些要點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line defines for the binary packages."
msgstr "“<literal>deb</literal>” 的那行定義了二進位制軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" line defines for the source packages."
msgstr "“<literal>deb-src</literal>” 的那行定義了原始碼軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The 1st argument is the root URL of the Debian archive."
msgstr "第一個引數是 Debian 檔案庫的根 URL 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The 2nd argument is the distribution name: either the suite name or the "
"codename."
msgstr "第二個引數是發行版名稱：可以使用套件名或代號。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The 3rd and following arguments are the list of valid archive area names of "
"the Debian archive."
msgstr "第三個和之後的引數是 Debian 檔案庫的有效檔案庫範圍名稱。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" lines can safely be omitted (or commented "
"out by placing \"#\" at the start of the line) if it is just for "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> which does not access source related meta data. "
"It speeds up the updates of the archive meta data. The URL can be "
"\"<literal>http://</literal>\", \"<literal>ftp://</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>file://</literal>\", …."
msgstr ""
"如果只是用 <literal>aptitude</literal>（它不訪問原始碼相關的元資"
"料），“<literal>deb-src</literal>”那行可以安全地刪掉（或者在檔案開頭新增 “#” "
"來將它註釋掉）。這可以加速檔案庫元資料的更新。URL 可以是“<literal>http://</"
"literal>” 、“<literal>ftp://</literal>” 、 “<literal>file://</literal>” ……"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>sid</literal>\" is used in the above example instead of "
"\"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\", the \"<literal>deb: http://"
"security.debian.org/ …</literal>\" line for security updates in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" is not required.  This is "
"because there is no security update archive for \"<literal>sid</literal>"
"\" (<literal>unstable</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"如果在上述的例子中，使用了 “<literal>sid</literal>” 代替 “<literal>&codename-"
"stable;</literal>” ，那麼 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 中的 "
"“<literal>deb: http://security.debian.org/ …</literal>” 這行就不需要了。因為"
"沒有用於 “<literal>sid</literal>” （<literal>unstable</literal>）的安全更新的"
"檔案庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is the list of URL of the Debian archive sites and suite name or "
"codename used in the configuration file."
msgstr "下面是配置檔案所使用的 Debian 檔案庫站點的 URL 和套件名或代號的列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of Debian archive sites"
msgstr "Debian 檔案庫站點列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "archive URL"
msgstr "檔案庫 URL"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "suite name (codename)"
msgstr "套件名（代號）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "purpose"
msgstr "目的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&httpdebdebianorgdebian;\">http://deb.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&httpdebdebianorgdebian;\">http://deb.debian.org/debian/</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "stable (&codename-stable;) release"
msgstr "stable (&codename-stable;) release 版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>testing</literal> (<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "testing (&codename-testing;) release"
msgstr "testing (&codename-testing;) release 版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"
msgstr "<literal>unstable</literal> (<literal>&codename-unstable;</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "unstable (&codename-unstable;) release"
msgstr "unstable (&codename-unstable;) release 版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>experimental</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>experimental</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "experimental pre-release (optional, only for developer)"
msgstr "experimental pre-release 版本（可選，只適用於開發者）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stable-proposed-updates</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Updates for the next stable point release (optional)"
msgstr "用於下一個穩定版本的更新（可選）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&httpsecuritydebianorg;\">http://security.debian.org/</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>stable/updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>stable/updates</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "security updates for stable release (important)"
msgstr "用於 stable release 版本的安全更新（重要）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>testing/updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>testing/updates</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "security updates for testing release (important)"
msgstr "用於 testing release 版本的安全更新（重要）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&codename-stable;-updates</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;-updates</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"compatible updates for spam filter, IM clients, etc. for &codename-stable;"
msgstr "用於 &codename-stable; 的垃圾郵件過濾器、IM客戶端等的相容更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "newer backported packages for &codename-stable; (optional)"
msgstr "用於 &codename-stable; 的較新的 backported 軟體包（可選）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Only pure <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> "
"release with security updates provides the best stability. Running mostly "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release mixed "
"with some packages from <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</"
"literal></emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</"
"literal></emphasis> release is riskier than running pure <emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release for library "
"version mismatch etc.  If you really need the latest version of some "
"programs under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></"
"emphasis> release, please use packages from <ulink url="
"\"&codenamestableupdates;\">&codename-stable;-updates</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&httpbackportsdebianorg;\">http://backports.debian.org</ulink> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_updates_and_backports\"/>) services.  These services must be used "
"with extra care."
msgstr ""
"只有帶有安全更新的純淨的 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</"
"literal></emphasis> release 版本可以提供最佳的穩定性。執行大多數 <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> release 版本的軟體包之中"
"混合一些來自 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>testing</literal></emphasis> "
"或 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</literal></emphasis> release "
"版本的軟體包會比執行純淨的 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>unstable</"
"literal></emphasis> release 版本冒更大的風險，這是因為庫版本的不匹配導致的。"
"如果在 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>stable</literal></emphasis> "
"release 版本下你真的需要一些程式的最新版本，請使用來自 <ulink url="
"\"&codenamestableupdates;\">&codename-stable;-updates</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&httpbackportsdebianorg;\">http://backports.debian.org</ulink> （參見 "
"<xref linkend=\"_updates_and_backports\"/>）的軟體包。使用這些軟體包時必須額"
"外小心。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"You should basically list only one of <literal>stable</literal>, "
"<literal>testing</literal>, or <literal>unstable</literal> suites in the "
"\"<literal>deb</literal>\" line.  If you list any combination of "
"<literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, and "
"<literal>unstable</literal> suites in the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line, "
"APT programs slow down while only the latest archive is effective.  Multiple "
"listing makes sense for these when the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</"
"literal>\" file is used with clear objectives (see <xref linkend="
"\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>deb</literal>\" 行中，你只需列出 <literal>stable</literal>，"
"<literal>testing</literal> 或者 <literal>unstable</literal> 套件中的一個即"
"可，如果你在 \"<literal>deb</literal>\" 行中混合了 <literal>stable</"
"literal>，<literal>testing</literal> 和 <literal>unstable</literal> 套件，"
"APT 程式的執行速度將會變慢並且只有最新的檔案庫是有用的。只有在 \"<literal>/"
"etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案帶有明確目標的時候，混合的列表才是有意義"
"的。（檢視<xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For the Debian system with the <literal>stable</literal> and "
"<literal>testing</literal> suites, it is a good idea to include lines with "
"\"<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"apt/sources.list</literal>\" to enable security updates as in the example "
"above."
msgstr ""
"對於使用 <literal>stable</literal> 和 <literal>testing</literal> 套件的 "
"Debian 系統而言，在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 中包含帶有 "
"“<literal>http://security.debian.org/</literal>” 的一行是不錯的主意。它會啟用"
"安全更新。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The security bugs for the <literal>stable</literal> archive are fixed by the "
"Debian security team.  This activity has been quite rigorous and reliable.  "
"Those for the <literal>testing</literal> archive may be fixed by the Debian "
"testing security team.  For <ulink url=\"&several;\">several</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&reasons;\">reasons</ulink>, this activity is not as rigorous as that "
"for <literal>stable</literal> and you may need to wait for the migration of "
"fixed <literal>unstable</literal> packages.  Those for the "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive are fixed by the individual maintainer.  "
"Actively maintained <literal>unstable</literal> packages are usually in a "
"fairly good shape by leveraging latest upstream security fixes.  See <ulink "
"url=\"&debiansecurityfaq;\">Debian security FAQ</ulink> for how Debian "
"handles security bugs."
msgstr ""
"Debian 安全團體將會修正 <literal>stable</literal> 檔案庫的安全缺陷。這些行為"
"是十分嚴格可靠的。<literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫中的缺陷，不一定會被 "
"Debian 測試安全團體修正。由於<ulink url=\"&several;\">一些</ulink><ulink url="
"\"&reasons;\">原因</ulink>，這些行為相對 <literal>stable</literal> 檔案庫沒有"
"那麼嚴格,您可能需要等待已修正的 <literal>unstable</literal> 軟體包移植到 "
"<literal>testing</literal>。<literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫的缺陷，交由各"
"個維護者修改。經常維護的<literal>unstable</literal> 軟體包通常處於相當好的狀"
"況，因為它利用了上流最新的安全修正。有關 Debian 怎樣處理安全缺陷，請參見 "
"<ulink url=\"&debiansecurityfaq;\">Debian安全常問問題</ulink> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of Debian archive area"
msgstr "Debian 歸檔列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "area"
msgstr "區域"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "number of packages"
msgstr "軟體包數量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "criteria of package component"
msgstr "軟體包元件標準"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>main</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>main</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&main-packages;"
msgstr "&main-packages;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DFSG compliant and no dependency to <literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr ""
"遵從 Debian 自由軟體指導方針（DFSG），並且不依賴於 <literal>non-free</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>contrib</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>contrib</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&contrib-packages;"
msgstr "&contrib-packages;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DFSG compliant but having dependency to <literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr ""
"遵從 Debian 自由軟體指導方針（DFSG），但依賴於 <literal>non-free</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>non-free</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>non-free</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&non-free-packages;"
msgstr "&non-free-packages;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "not DFSG compliant"
msgstr "不遵從 Debian 自由軟體指導方針（DFSG）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here the number of packages in the above is for the &arch; architecture.  "
"The <literal>main</literal> area provides the Debian system (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_debian_is_100_free_software\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"上述軟體包的數量是 &arch; 架構的。<literal>main</literal> 區域提供 Debian 系"
"統（參見 <xref linkend=\"_debian_is_100_free_software\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian archive organization can be studied best by pointing your browser "
"to the each archive URL appended with <literal>dists</literal> or "
"<literal>pool</literal>."
msgstr ""
"通過把你的瀏覽器指向檔案庫 URL，這些 URL 在 <literal>dists</literal> 或 "
"<literal>pool</literal> 之後是各不相同的，Debian 檔案庫能夠被有規劃的組織。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The distribution is referred by two ways, the suite or <ulink url="
"\"&codename;\">codename</ulink>. The word distribution is alternatively used "
"as the synonym to the suite in many documentations. The relationship between "
"the suite and the codename can be summarized as the following."
msgstr ""
"發行版可以用套件或<ulink url=\"&codename;\">代號</ulink>來指定。發行版在許多"
"文件中也被當做是套件的同義詞。套件和代號的關係總結如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The relationship between suite and codename"
msgstr "套件和代號的關係"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Timing"
msgstr "時間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "suite = <literal>stable</literal>"
msgstr "suite = <literal>stable</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "suite = <literal>testing</literal>"
msgstr "suite = <literal>testing</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "suite = <literal>unstable</literal>"
msgstr "suite = <literal>unstable</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> release"
msgstr "在 <literal>&codename-stable;</literal> 發佈後"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"
msgstr "codename = <literal>&codename-stable;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"
msgstr "codename = <literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "codename = <literal>sid</literal>"
msgstr "codename = <literal>sid</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "after the <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> release"
msgstr "在 <literal>&codename-testing;</literal> 發佈後"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "codename = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"
msgstr "codename = <literal>&codename-nexttesting;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The history of codenames are described in <ulink url="
"\"&debianfaqgcbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: 6.2.1 Which other "
"codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"代號的歷史參見 <ulink url=\"&debianfaqgcbwhiceenusedinthepast;\">Debian FAQ: "
"6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the stricter Debian archive terminology, the word \"section\" is "
"specifically used for the categorization of packages by the application "
"area.  (Although, the word \"main section\" may sometimes be used to "
"describe the Debian archive area named as \"main\".)"
msgstr ""
"在較嚴格的 Debian 檔案術語，“部分 section”這一詞特指按應用領域來分類的軟體包"
"類別。（但是，主要部分 (\"main section\") 這一詞有時會用來描述 Debian 檔案區"
"中，名為”main 主要\"的區域 。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Every time a new upload is done by a Debian developer (DD) to the "
"<literal>unstable</literal> archive (via <ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</"
"ulink> processing), the DD is required to ensure uploaded packages to be "
"compatible with the latest set of packages in the latest <literal>unstable</"
"literal> archive."
msgstr ""
"Debian 開發者（DD）每次上傳軟體包到 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫（通過 "
"<ulink url=\"&incoming;\">incoming</ulink> 處理），都必須確保上傳的軟體包與最"
"新的 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫中的最新軟體包相容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If DD breaks this compatibility intentionally for important library upgrade "
"etc, there is usually announcement to <ulink url="
"\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">the debian-devel mailing list</ulink> etc."
msgstr ""
"如果 DD 故意打破重要的庫升級等的這種相容性，這通常會在 <ulink url="
"\"&thedebiandevelmailinglist;\">Debian 開發者郵件列表</ulink>等進行公告。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Before a set of packages are moved by the Debian archive maintenance script "
"from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive to the <literal>testing</"
"literal> archive, the archive maintenance script not only checks the "
"maturity (about 10 days old) and the status of the RC bug reports for the "
"packages but also tries to ensure them to be compatible with the latest set "
"of packages in the <literal>testing</literal> archive. This process makes "
"the <literal>testing</literal> archive very current and usable."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 檔案庫維護指令碼將軟體包從 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫移動"
"到 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫前，檔案庫維護指令碼不僅檢查時間（約10"
"天）和軟體包的 RC bug 報告的狀態，還嘗試確保它們可以和最新的 "
"<literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫中的軟體相容。這個過程使得<literal>testing</"
"literal> 檔案庫非常正確可用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Through the gradual archive freeze process led by the release team, the "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive is matured to make it completely "
"consistent and bug free with some manual interventions.  Then the new "
"<literal>stable</literal> release is created by assigning the codename for "
"the old <literal>testing</literal> archive to the new <literal>stable</"
"literal> archive and creating the new codename for the new <literal>testing</"
"literal> archive.  The initial contents of the new <literal>testing</"
"literal> archive is exactly the same as that of the newly released "
"<literal>stable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""
"通過由釋出團隊領導的逐步凍結檔案庫的過程，並進行一些手動干預，使 "
"<literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫完全一致，無缺陷。然後，將舊的 "
"<literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫的程式碼名稱分配給新的 <literal>stable</"
"literal> 檔案庫，併為新的 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫建立新的程式碼名"
"稱。新的 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫最初的內容和新發布的 "
"<literal>stable</literal> 檔案庫的內容完全相同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Both the <literal>unstable</literal> and the <literal>testing</literal> "
"archives may suffer temporary glitches due to several factors."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unstable</literal> 和 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫都可能會遭受"
"由以下幾個因素導致的臨時的小故障。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Broken package upload to the archive (mostly for <literal>unstable</literal>)"
msgstr "損壞的軟體包被上傳到檔案庫（多見於 <literal>unstable</literal> ）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Delay of accepting the new packages to the archive (mostly for "
"<literal>unstable</literal>)"
msgstr "延遲接受新的軟體包到檔案庫（多見於 <literal>unstable</literal> )"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Archive synchronization timing issue (both for <literal>testing</literal> "
"and <literal>unstable</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"檔案庫時間同步問題（ <literal>testing</literal> 和 <literal>unstable</"
"literal> ）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Manual intervention to the archive such as package removal (more for "
"<literal>testing</literal>) etc."
msgstr ""
"手動干預檔案庫，例如移除軟體包（多見於 <literal>testing</literal> ）等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"So if you ever decide to use these archives, you should be able to fix or "
"work around these kinds of glitches."
msgstr "因此，如果你決定使用這些檔案庫，你應該能夠修復或忍受這些型別的小故障。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"For about few months after a new <literal>stable</literal> release, most "
"desktop users should use the <literal>stable</literal> archive with its "
"security updates even if they usually use <literal>unstable</literal> or "
"<literal>testing</literal> archives.  For this transition period, both "
"<literal>unstable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives are not "
"good for most people. Your system is difficult to keep in good working "
"condition with the <literal>unstable</literal> archive since it suffers "
"surges of major upgrades for core packages.  The <literal>testing</literal> "
"archive is not useful either since it contains mostly the same content as "
"the <literal>stable</literal> archive without its security support (<ulink "
"url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing-security-announce "
"2008-12</ulink>). After a month or so, the <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive may be usable if you are careful."
msgstr ""
"在新的 <literal>stable</literal> 版本釋出後的幾個月，大多數桌面使用者應該使用"
"帶有安全更新的 <literal>stable</literal> 檔案庫，即使他們通常使用 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 或 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫。在這個過渡"
"期中，<literal>unstable</literal> 和 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫不適合"
"大多數人。你使用 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫的系統是很難保持良好的工作"
"狀態的，因為它會遭受核心軟體包的大量升級狂潮。 <literal>testing</literal> 檔"
"案庫不大有用，因為它包含有和沒有安全支援的 <literal>stable</literal> 檔案庫相"
"同的內容（<ulink url=\"&debiantestingsectyannouncecaaibc;\">Debian testing 安"
"全公告 2008-12</ulink>）。一個月左右的時間後， 如果你仔細點的話， "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫或許可以使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"When tracking the <literal>testing</literal> archive, a problem caused by a "
"removed package is usually worked around by installing corresponding package "
"from the <literal>unstable</literal> archive which is uploaded for bug fix."
msgstr ""
"跟蹤 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫時，由一個已移除的軟體包引起的問題通常"
"可以安裝 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫中相同的軟體包（已修復 bug )來解"
"決。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> for "
"archive definitions."
msgstr ""
"檔案庫的定義參見 <ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian 政策文件</"
"ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&sections;\">Sections</ulink>\""
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&sections;\">部分</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">Priorities</ulink>\""
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&priorities;\">優先順序</ulink>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">Base system</ulink>\""
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&basesystem;\">基本系統</ulink>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">Essential packages</ulink>\""
msgstr "\"<ulink url=\"&essentialpackages;\">極重要的軟體包</ulink>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debian is 100% free software"
msgstr "Debian 是100% 的自由軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Debian is 100% free software because of the followings:"
msgstr "Debian 是100%的自由軟體，因為："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian installs only free software by default to respect user's freedoms."
msgstr "Debian 預設只安裝自由軟體，這尊重了使用者的自由。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Debian provides only free software in <literal>main</literal>."
msgstr "Debian 在 <literal>main</literal> 中只提供自由軟體。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian recommends running only free software from <literal>main</literal>."
msgstr "Debian 建議只執行來自 <literal>main</literal> 的自由軟體。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"No packages in <literal>main</literal> depend nor recommend packages in "
"<literal>non-free</literal> nor <literal>contrib</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>main</literal> 中的軟體包沒有依賴於在 <literal>non-free</"
"literal> 或 <literal>contrib</literal> 中的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Some people wonder if the following 2 facts contradict or not."
msgstr "有人想知道下列的兩個事實是否互相矛盾。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"Debian will remain 100% free\". (First term of <ulink url="
"\"&debiansocialcontract;\">Debian Social Contract</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"“ Debian 將始終是 100% 的自由軟體”。（ <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;"
"\">Debian 社群契約</ulink>中的第一條）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian servers host some <literal>non-free</literal> and <literal>contrib</"
"literal> packages."
msgstr ""
"Debian 伺服器上有一些 <literal>non-free</literal> 和 <literal>contrib</"
"literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "These do not contradict, because of the followings."
msgstr "因為下列原因，這並不矛盾。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system is 100% free and its packages are hosted by Debian servers "
"in the <literal>main</literal> area."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統具有100%的自由，並且它的軟體包位於 Debian 伺服器的 <literal>main</"
"literal> 區域。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Packages outside of the Debian system are hosted by Debian servers in the "
"<literal>non-free</literal> and <literal>contrib</literal> areas."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統之外的軟體包位於 Debian 伺服器的 <literal>non-free</literal> 和 "
"<literal>contrib</literal> 區域。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are precisely explained in the 4th and 5th terms of <ulink url="
"\"&debiansocialcontract;\">Debian Social Contract</ulink>:"
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&debiansocialcontract;\">Debian 社群契約</ulink>的第4條和第5"
"條對這進行了明確的解釋："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Our priorities are our users and free software"
msgstr "我們將優先考慮我們的使用者及自由軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"We will be guided by the needs of our users and the free software community. "
"We will place their interests first in our priorities. We will support the "
"needs of our users for operation in many different kinds of computing "
"environments. We will not object to non-free works that are intended to be "
"used on Debian systems, or attempt to charge a fee to people who create or "
"use such works. We will allow others to create distributions containing both "
"the Debian system and other works, without any fee from us. In furtherance "
"of these goals, we will provide an integrated system of high-quality "
"materials with no legal restrictions that would prevent such uses of the "
"system."
msgstr ""
"我們由我們的使用者及自由軟體社群的需要所導向。我們將優先考慮他們的利益。我們"
"將在多種計算環境中支援我們的使用者的操作需要。我們不反對在 Debian 系統上使用"
"非自由軟體，我們也不會嘗試向建立和使用這部分軟體的使用者索取費用。我們允許他"
"人，在沒有我們的資金的參與下，製造包括 Debian 以及商業軟體的增值套件。為了達"
"成這些目標，我們將提供整合的、高質量的、100%自由的軟體，而不附加任何可能阻止"
"在這些方面使用的法律限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Works that do not meet our free software standards"
msgstr "哪些作品不符合我們的自由軟體規範"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"We acknowledge that some of our users require the use of works that do not "
"conform to the Debian Free Software Guidelines. We have created "
"\"<literal>contrib</literal>\" and \"<literal>non-free</literal>\" areas in "
"our archive for these works. The packages in these areas are not part of the "
"Debian system, although they have been configured for use with Debian. We "
"encourage CD manufacturers to read the licenses of the packages in these "
"areas and determine if they can distribute the packages on their CDs. Thus, "
"although non-free works are not a part of Debian, we support their use and "
"provide infrastructure for non-free packages (such as our bug tracking "
"system and mailing lists)."
msgstr ""
"我們明瞭，某些我們的使用者需要使用不符合 Debian 自由軟體指導方針的作品。 我們"
"為這些作品，在我們的檔案庫中留出了 “<literal>contrib</literal>\" 以及 "
"“<literal>non-free</literal>\" 目錄。在這些目錄下的軟體包，並不屬於 Debian 系"
"統 儘管它們已被配置成可以在 Debian 下使用。我們鼓勵光碟製造商閱讀這些目錄下的"
"軟體的許可證，以判斷他們是否可以在光碟中發行這些軟體 。所以，儘管非自由軟體並"
"非 Debian 系統的一部分，我們仍支援它們的使用，並且我們為非自由軟體提供了公共"
"資源 (諸如我們的缺陷跟蹤系統以及郵件列表)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Users should be aware of the risks of using packages in the <literal>non-"
"free</literal> and <literal>contrib</literal> areas:"
msgstr ""
"使用者應該瞭解使用 <literal>non-free</literal> 和 <literal>contrib</literal> "
"中的軟體包所需要冒的風險："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "lack of freedom for such software packages"
msgstr "使用類似的軟體包會失去自由"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"lack of support from Debian on such software packages (Debian can't support "
"software properly without having access to its source code.)"
msgstr ""
"失去 Debian 對軟體包的支援（這些軟體包無法訪問原始碼，Debian 不能進行完全的支"
"援。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "contamination of your 100% free Debian system"
msgstr "汙染你100%自由的 Debian 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&debianfreesoftwareguidelines;\">Debian Free Software "
"Guidelines</ulink> are the free software standards for <ulink url=\"&debian;"
"\">Debian</ulink>.  Debian interprets \"software\" in the widest scope "
"including document, firmware, logo, and artwork data in the package.  This "
"makes Debian's free software standards very strict ones."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianfreesoftwareguidelines;\">Debian 自由軟體指導方針</ulink>"
"為 <ulink url=\"&debian;\">Debian</ulink>  設立了自由軟體標準。Debian 對軟體"
"包中的軟體做了最廣泛的解釋，包含文件、韌體、圖示和圖形資料。這使得 Debian 的"
"自由軟體標準非常嚴格。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In order to meet this strict free software standards required for "
#| "<literal>main</literal>, Debian <ulink url=\"&unbrandsmozilla;\">unbrands "
#| "Mozilla</ulink> software packages such as Firefox, Thunderbird, and "
#| "Seamonkey by removing their logo and some artwork data; and ships them as "
#| "Iceweasel, Icedove, and Iceape, respectively."
msgid ""
"In order to meet this strict free software standards required for "
"<literal>main</literal>, Debian <ulink url=\"&onceunbrandedmozilla;\">once "
"unbranded Mozilla</ulink> software packages such as Firefox, Thunderbird, "
"and Seamonkey by removing their logo and some artwork data; and ships them "
"as Iceweasel, Icedove, and Iceape, respectively. Those packages have "
"restored their original names with the release of Debian Stretch (Debian 9) "
"after those problems get solved."
msgstr ""
"為了滿足 <literal>main</literal> 嚴格的自由軟體標準，Debian 提供了 <ulink "
"url=\"&unbrandsmozilla;\">去掉 Mozilla 商標</ulink> 的軟體包（例如 Firefox 、"
"Thunderbird 和 Seamonkey），它們移除了 logo 和一些圖形資料；並將它們分別用 "
"Iceweasel 、Icedove 和 Iceape 替代。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Typical <literal>non-free</literal> and <literal>contrib</literal> packages "
"include freely distributable packages of following types:"
msgstr ""
"典型的 <literal>non-free</literal> 和 <literal>contrib</literal> 軟體包包含了"
"下列型別的自由分發的軟體包："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Document packages under <ulink url=\"&gnufreedocumentationlicense;\">GNU "
"Free Documentation License</ulink> with invariant sections such as ones for "
"GCC and Make.  (mostly found in the <literal>non-free/doc</literal> section.)"
msgstr ""
"在<ulink url=\"&gnufreedocumentationlicense;\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</ulink>下的文件包 ，包含不變的部分 ，比如GCC 和 Make的。  （大多數都"
"可以在<literal>non-free/doc</literal>找到 .)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Firmware packages containing sourceless binary data such as ones listed in "
"<xref linkend=\"_hardware_drivers_and_firmware\"/> as non-free. (mostly "
"found in the <literal>non-free/kernel</literal> section.)"
msgstr ""
"包含沒有原始碼的二進位制資料的韌體軟體包，例如在 <xref linkend="
"\"_hardware_drivers_and_firmware\"/> 中列出的 non-free 軟體包。（多見於 "
"<literal>non-free/kernel</literal> 部分。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Game and font packages with restriction on commercial use and/or content "
"modification."
msgstr "遊戲和字型軟體包，對商業使用和/或內容修改進行了限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that the number of <literal>non-free</literal> and "
"<literal>contrib</literal> packages is less than 2% of that of "
"<literal>main</literal> packages.  Enabling access to the <literal>non-free</"
"literal> and <literal>contrib</literal> areas does not obscure the source of "
"packages.  Interactive full screen use of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> provides you with full visibility and control over "
"what packages are installed from which area to keep your system as free as "
"you wish."
msgstr ""
"請注意，<literal>non-free</literal> 和 <literal>contrib</literal> 軟體包的數"
"量少於 <literal>main</literal> 軟體包的2%。允許訪問 <literal>non-free</"
"literal> 和 <literal>contrib</literal> 並不會模糊軟體包的來源。使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的全屏互動式介面可以提供完全的可見性和完全的控制，"
"可以讓你決定安裝來自某個部分的軟體包，來使你的系統保持自由。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Package dependencies"
msgstr "軟體包依賴關係"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system offers a consistent set of binary packages through its "
"versioned binary dependency declaration mechanism in the control file "
"fields.  Here is a bit over simplified definition for them."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統通過其控制檔案欄位中的版本化二進位制依賴宣告機制來提供一致的二進位"
"制軟體包集合。下面有一些它們的簡單定義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Depends\""
msgstr "“依賴”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This declares an absolute dependency and all of the packages listed in this "
"field must be installed at the same time or in advance."
msgstr "絕對的依賴，所有在這裡列出的軟體包都必須同時或提前安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Pre-Depends\""
msgstr "\"預依賴\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This is like Depends, except that it requires completed installation of the "
"listed packages in advance."
msgstr "類似於 Depends，但列出的軟體包必須提前完成安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Recommends\""
msgstr "\"推薦\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.  Most users would not "
"want the package unless all of the packages listed in this field are "
"installed."
msgstr ""
"這裡表示一個強，但不是絕對的依賴關係 。大多數使用者不會想要這個包，除非在這裡"
"列出的所有包都已經安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Suggests\""
msgstr "\"建議\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This declares a weak dependency.  Many users of this package may benefit "
"from installing packages listed in this field but can have reasonable "
"functions without them."
msgstr ""
"較弱的依賴。這個軟體包的大多數使用者可能會從安裝所列的軟體包中受益，但沒有它"
"們也可以有適當的功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Enhances\""
msgstr "\"增強\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This declares a week dependency like Suggests but works in the opposite "
"direction."
msgstr "這裡表明一個像推薦的弱依賴關係，不裝也沒關係。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Breaks\""
msgstr "\"破損\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This declares a package incompatibility usually with some version "
"specification.  Generally the resolution is to upgrade all of the packages "
"listed in this field."
msgstr ""
"表明一個軟體包不相容一些版本規範。一般的解決方法就是升級列出的所有軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Conflicts\""
msgstr "\"衝突\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This declares an absolute incompatibility.  All of the packages listed in "
"this field must be removed to install this package."
msgstr "這表明了絕對的不相容。為了安裝這個軟體包必須移除所有列出的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Replaces\""
msgstr "\"替代\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This is declared when files installed by this package replace files in the "
"listed packages."
msgstr "這表明這個檔案安裝的檔案會替代所列的軟體包的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"Provides\""
msgstr "\"提供\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This is declared when this package provide all of the files and "
"functionality in the listed packages."
msgstr "表明這個軟體包會提供所列的軟體包所有的檔案和功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that defining \"Provides\", \"Conflicts\" and \"Replaces\" "
"simultaneously to an virtual package is the sane configuration.  This "
"ensures that only one real package providing this virtual package can be "
"installed at any one time."
msgstr ""
"請注意，同時將 “Provides” 、“Conflicts” 和 “Replaces” 定義到一個虛擬的軟體包"
"是一個明智的配置。這確保了在任何一個時間只能安裝一個提供該虛擬包的真正軟體"
"包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The official definition including source dependency can be found in <ulink "
"url=\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - "
"Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"包含原始碼依賴關係的官方定義位於 <ulink url="
"\"&thepolicymanualcsbetweenpackages;\">the Policy Manual: Chapter 7 - "
"Declaring relationships between packages</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The event flow of the package management"
msgstr "包管理的事件流"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a summary of the simplified event flow of the package management by "
"APT."
msgstr "這是 APT 提供的軟體包管理的簡單事件流摘要。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Update</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude update</"
#| "literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\"):"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Update</emphasis> (\"<literal>apt update</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get update</"
"literal>\"):"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">更新</emphasis>（“<literal>aptitude update</"
"literal>” 或 “<literal>apt-get update</literal>”）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Fetch archive metadata from remote archive"
msgstr "從遠端檔案庫獲取檔案庫元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Reconstruct and update local metadata for use by APT"
msgstr "重建和更新 APT 使用的本地元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Upgrade</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude safe-"
#| "upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\", or "
#| "\"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-"
#| "upgrade</literal>\"):"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Upgrade</emphasis> (\"<literal>apt upgrade</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>apt full-upgrade</literal>\", or "
"\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-"
"upgrade</literal>\", or \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">升級</emphasis>（“<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</"
"literal>” 和 “<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>” 或 “<literal>apt-get "
"upgrade</literal>” 和 “<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>”）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Chose candidate version which is usually the latest available version for "
"all installed packages (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> "
"for exception)"
msgstr ""
"選擇候選版本，它所安裝的軟體包通常都是最新的可用版本（例外參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/> ）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Make package dependency resolution"
msgstr "解決軟體包依賴關係"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Fetch selected binary packages from remote archive if candidate version is "
"different from installed version"
msgstr ""
"如果候選版本與已安裝的版本不同，會從遠端檔案庫獲取所選擇的二進位制軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Unpack fetched binary packages"
msgstr "解包所獲取的二進位制軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis> script"
msgstr "執行 <emphasis role=\"strong\">preinst</emphasis> 指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Install binary files"
msgstr "安裝二進位制檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis> script"
msgstr "執行 <emphasis role=\"strong\">postinst</emphasis> 指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Install</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude install "
#| "…</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get install …</literal>\"):"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Install</emphasis> (\"<literal>apt install …</"
"literal>\", <literal>aptitude install …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get "
"install …</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">安裝</emphasis> （ “<literal>aptitude install ...</"
"literal>\" 或者 \"<literal>apt-get install …</literal>” ）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Chose packages listed on the command line"
msgstr "選擇命令列中列出的包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Fetch selected binary packages from remote archive"
msgstr "從遠端伺服器獲取已選二進位制包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Remove</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude remove …"
#| "</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get remove …</literal>\"):"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Remove</emphasis> (\"<literal>apt remove …</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>aptitude remove …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get "
"remove …</literal>\"):"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">移除</emphasis> （“<literal>aptitude remove …</"
"literal>” 或 “<literal>apt-get remove …</literal>”）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis> script"
msgstr "執行 <emphasis role=\"strong\">prerm</emphasis> 指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">except</emphasis> "
"configuration files"
msgstr "移除已安裝的檔案，<emphasis role=\"strong\">除了</emphasis>配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis> script"
msgstr "執行 <emphasis role=\"strong\">postrm</emphasis> 指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Purge</emphasis> (\"<literal>aptitude purge …</"
#| "literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get purge …</literal>\"):"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Purge</emphasis> (\"<literal>apt purge</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>aptitude purge …</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get purge …</"
"literal>\"):"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">清除</emphasis> （“<literal>aptitude purge …</"
"literal>” 或 “<literal>apt-get purge …</literal>”）："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remove installed files <emphasis role=\"strong\">including</emphasis> "
"configuration files"
msgstr "移除已安裝的檔案，<emphasis role=\"strong\">包含</emphasis>配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, I intentionally skipped technical details for the sake of big picture."
msgstr "這裡，為了大局，我特意省略了技術細節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "First response to package management troubles"
msgstr "對包管理問題的第一個迴應"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You should read the fine official documentation.  The first document to read "
"is the Debian specific \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README."
"Debian</literal>\".  Other documentation in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;"
"package_name&gt;/</literal>\" should be consulted too.  If you set shell as "
"<xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>, type the following."
msgstr ""
"你應該閱讀優良的官方文件。第一個閱讀的文件是 Debian 特定的 “<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/README.Debian</literal>”。同時也應該查詢 "
"“<literal>/usr/share/doc/&lt;package_name&gt;/</literal>” 中的其它文件。如果"
"你設定 shell 為<xref linkend=\"_customizing_bash\"/>，輸入下列命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd &lt;package_name&gt;\n"
"$ pager README.Debian\n"
"$ mc"
msgstr ""
"$ cd &lt;package_name&gt;\n"
"$ pager README.Debian\n"
"$ mc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may need to install the corresponding documentation package named with "
"\"<literal>-doc</literal>\" suffix for detailed information."
msgstr ""
"你可能需要安裝以 “<literal>-doc</literal>” 字尾命名的對應文件軟體包來獲取詳細"
"的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are experiencing problems with a specific package, make sure to check "
"out <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug tracking "
"system (BTS)</ulink> sites, first."
msgstr ""
"如果你在使用一個特定的軟體包時出現了問題，一定要首先檢查 <ulink url="
"\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian bug 跟蹤系統（BTS）</ulink> 網站。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of key web site to resolving problems with a specific package"
msgstr "解決特定軟體包問題的主要網站"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "web site"
msgstr "網站"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Home page of <ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">the Debian bug "
"tracking system (BTS)</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianbugtrackingsystembts;\">Debian bug tracking system "
"(BTS)</ulink> 主頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/\"</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The bug report of a known package name"
msgstr "已經知道軟件包名稱的 bug 報告"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package_name&gt;\"</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The bug report of known bug number"
msgstr "知道 bug 編號的 bug 報告"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>sensible-browser \"http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;bug_number&gt;\"</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Search <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> with search words including "
"\"<literal>site:debian.org</literal>\", \"<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>\", etc."
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&google;\">Google</ulink> 搜尋，在關鍵字中包含 "
"“<literal>site:debian.org</literal>”，“<literal>site:wiki.debian.org</"
"literal>”，“<literal>site:lists.debian.org</literal>” 等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you file a bug report, please use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>reportbug</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command."
msgstr ""
"當你要傳送一份 bug 報告時，請使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reportbug</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Basic package management operations"
msgstr "基礎軟體包管理操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Repository based package management operations on the Debian system can be "
"performed by many APT-based package management tools available on the Debian "
"system.  Here, we explain 3 basic package management tools: <literal>apt</"
"literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> and "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統中有許多基於 APT 的軟體包管理工具可以在 Debian 系統上進行基於倉"
"庫的軟體包管理操作。在這裡，我們將介紹兩種基本的軟體包管理工具："
"<literal>apt</literal>、<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</"
"literal> 和 <literal>aptitude</literal> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the package management operation which involves package installation or "
"updates package metadata, you need to have root privilege."
msgstr ""
"對於涉及軟體包安裝或更新軟體包元資料的軟體包管理操作，你必須有 root 許可權。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> vs. "
#| "<literal>aptitude</literal>"
msgid ""
"<literal>apt</literal> vs. <literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</"
"literal> vs. <literal>aptitude</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> vs. "
"<literal>aptitude</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although <literal>aptitude</literal> is a very nice interactive tool which "
"the author mainly uses, you should know some cautionary facts:"
msgstr ""
"儘管 <literal>aptitude</literal> 是作者主要使用的一個非常好的可互動工具，但你"
"應該知道下列警示："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>aptitude</literal> command is not recommended for the release-"
"to-release system upgrade on the <literal>stable</literal> Debian system "
"after the new release."
msgstr ""
"不建議在新版本釋出後在 <literal>stable</literal> Debian 系統上使用 "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令來進行跨版本的系統升級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The use of \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" is recommended for "
#| "it.  See <ulink url=\"&bugebbcia;\">Bug #411280</ulink>."
msgid ""
"The use of \"<literal>apt full-upgrade</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-get "
"dist-upgrade</literal>\" is recommended for it.  See <ulink url=\"&bugebbcia;"
"\">Bug #411280</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"建議使用 “<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>” 來進行這個操作。參見 "
"<ulink url=\"&bugebbcia;\">Bug #411280</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>aptitude</literal> command sometimes suggests mass package "
"removals for the system upgrade on the <literal>testing</literal> or "
"<literal>unstable</literal> Debian system."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal>命令有時候會為了<literal>testing</literal> 或 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> Debian 系統升級清除大量軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "This situation has frightened many system administrators.  Don't panic."
msgstr "這個情況嚇壞了許多的系統管理員。請不要驚慌。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This seems to be caused mostly by the version skew among packages depended "
"or recommended by a meta-package such as <literal>gnome-core</literal>."
msgstr ""
"這似乎大多數是由元軟體包的依賴或推薦的軟體包版本偏差造成的，例如 "
"<literal>gnome-core</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This can be resolved by selecting \"Cancel pending actions\" in the "
#| "<literal>aptitude</literal> command menu, exiting <literal>aptitude</"
#| "literal>, and using \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgid ""
"This can be resolved by selecting \"Cancel pending actions\" in the "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> command menu, exiting <literal>aptitude</"
"literal>, and using \"<literal>apt full-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"要解決這個問題，可以在 <literal>aptitude</literal> 命令選單中選擇 “取消待執行"
"的動作” ，退出 <literal>aptitude</literal>，並使用 “<literal>apt-get dist-"
"upgrade</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> commands are "
"the most <emphasis role=\"strong\">basic</emphasis> APT-based package "
"management tools."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 和 <literal>apt-cache</literal> 是最<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">基礎</emphasis> 的基於 APT 的軟體包管理工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> offer only the "
"commandline user interface."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 和 <literal>apt-cache</literal> 只提供命令列使用者"
"介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> is most suitable for the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">major system upgrade</emphasis> between releases, etc."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 是進行跨版本的<emphasis role=\"strong\">主系統升級"
"</emphasis>等操作的最合適工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> offers a <emphasis role=\"strong\">robust</"
"emphasis> package dependency resolver."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 提供了一個<emphasis role=\"strong\">強大</"
"emphasis>的軟體包依賴解析器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> is less demanding on hardware resources.  It "
"consumes less memory and runs faster."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 對硬體資源的要求不高。它消耗更少的記憶體並且執行速"
"度更快。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-cache</literal> offers a <emphasis role=\"strong\">standard</"
"emphasis> regex based search on the package name and description."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-cache</literal> 提供了一個 <emphasis role=\"strong\">標準的</"
"emphasis>正則表示式來搜尋軟體包名稱和描述。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> can manage "
"multiple versions of packages using <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> "
"but it is quite cumbersome."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 和 <literal>apt-cache</literal> 可以使用 "
"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> 來管理軟體包的多個版本，但這非常繁"
"瑣。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>apt</literal> command is a high-level commandline interface for "
"package management. It is basically a wrapper of <literal>apt-get</literal>, "
"<literal>apt-cache</literal> and similar commands, originally intended as an "
"end-user interface and enables some options better suited for interactive "
"usage by default."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt</literal>指令是一個高階的命令行介面用於套件管理。基本上，它是"
"<literal>apt-get</literal>、<literal>apt-cache</literal>及其相似指令的封裝。"
"本意為一個終端使用者介面，且預設開啟一些適合互動用途的選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed "
#| "packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"."
msgid ""
"<literal>apt</literal> provides a friendly progress bar when installing "
"packages using <literal>apt install</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在互動模式下重啟 <literal>aptitude</literal> 程式，用 “<literal>m</literal>” "
"命令標記所需要的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<literal>screen</literal> magically <emphasis role=\"strong\">reattaches</"
#| "emphasis> all previous <literal>screen</literal> windows with all "
#| "actively running programs."
msgid ""
"<literal>apt</literal> will <emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> "
"cached <literal>.deb</literal> packages by default after sucessful "
"installation of downloaded packages."
msgstr ""
"<literal>screen</literal> 魔術般的<emphasis role=\"strong\">重新附上</"
"emphasis>先前所有的 <literal>screen</literal> 視窗和所有在活動執行的程式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "There is a new <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command intended "
#| "for <emphasis role=\"strong\">interactive</emphasis> usage.  Use the "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands in the "
#| "shell script."
msgid ""
"Users are recommended to use the new <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command for <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">interactive</emphasis> usage and use the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands in the shell "
"script."
msgstr ""
"有全新的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令，它專門用於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">互動式</"
"emphasis> 使用場景。請僅在 shell 指令碼中使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>aptitude</literal> command is the most <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">versatile</emphasis> APT-based package management tool."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令是最<emphasis role=\"strong\">通用的</"
"emphasis>基於 APT 的軟體包管理工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> offers the fullscreen interactive text user "
"interface."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> 提供了一個全屏的互動式文字使用者介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> offers the commandline user interface, too."
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> 同樣也提供了一個命令使用者介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> is most suitable for the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">daily interactive package management</emphasis> such as inspecting "
"installed packages and searching available packages."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 是用於<emphasis role=\"strong\">日常軟體包管理</"
"emphasis>（例如檢查已安裝的軟體包和搜尋可用的軟體包）的最合適工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> is more demanding on hardware resources.  It "
"consumes more memory and runs slower."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 對硬體資源的要求更高。它消耗更多的記憶體並且執行"
"速度更慢。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> offers an <emphasis role=\"strong\">enhanced</"
"emphasis> regex based search on all of the package metadata."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 提供一個<emphasis role=\"strong\">增強的</"
"emphasis>正則表示式來搜尋所有的軟體包元資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> can manage multiple versions of packages without "
"using <literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal> and it is quite intuitive."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 可以管理軟體包的多個版本，並且不使用 <literal>/"
"etc/apt/preferences</literal>，這會十分直觀。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic package management operations with the commandline"
msgstr "命令列中的基礎軟體包管理操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Here are basic package management operations with the commandline using "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> /"
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"Here are basic package management operations with the commandline using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> /<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"下面是使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> / <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的命令列基本軟體包管理"
"操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Basic package management operations with the commandline using "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> /"
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgid ""
"Basic package management operations with the commandline using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> /<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> / "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-cache</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的命令列基本軟體包管理操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> syntax"
msgid "<literal>apt</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> 語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> 語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get</literal>/<literal>apt-cache</literal> syntax"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get</literal> / <literal>apt-cache</literal> 語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt update</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude update</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude update</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get update</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "update package archive metadata"
msgstr "更新軟體包檔案庫元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt install foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude install foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get install foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"install candidate version of \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its "
"dependencies"
msgstr "安裝 “<literal>foo</literal>” 軟體包的候選版本以及它的依賴"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"install candidate version of installed packages without removing any other "
"packages"
msgstr "安裝已安裝的軟體包的候選版本並且不移除任何其它的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt full-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"install candidate version of installed packages while removing other "
"packages if needed"
msgstr "安裝已安裝的軟體包的候選版本，並且需要的話會移除其它的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt remove foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude remove foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get remove foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"remove \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package while leaving its configuration "
"files"
msgstr "移除 “<literal>foo</literal>” 軟體包，但留下配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt autoremove</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "N/A"
msgstr "N/A"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoremove</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove auto-installed packages which are no longer required"
msgstr "移除不再需要的自動安裝的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude purge foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get purge foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "purge \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package with its configuration files"
msgstr "清除 “<literal>foo</literal>” 軟體包的配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt clean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt clean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get clean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "clear out the local repository of retrieved package files completely"
msgstr "完全清除本地倉庫的軟體包檢索檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt autoclean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude autoclean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get autoclean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"clear out the local repository of retrieved package files for outdated "
"packages"
msgstr "清除本地倉庫中過時軟體包的軟體包檢索檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt show foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-cache show foo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache show foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display detailed information about \"<literal>foo</literal>\" package"
msgstr "顯示 “<literal>foo</literal>” 軟體包的詳細資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgid "<literal>apt search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-cache search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache search &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "search packages which match &lt;regex&gt;"
msgstr "搜尋匹配 &lt;regex&gt; 的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages should be installed"
msgstr "解釋匹配 &lt;regex&gt; 的軟體包必須被安裝的原因"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude why-not &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude why-not &lt;regex&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"explain the reason why &lt;regex&gt; matching packages can not be installed"
msgstr "解釋匹配 &lt;regex&gt; 的軟體包不必安裝的原因"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"
msgid "<literal>aptitude search '~i!~M'</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude clean</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-mark showmanual</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-mark showmanual</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list manually installed packages"
msgstr "列出手動安裝的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Although the <literal>aptitude</literal> command comes with rich features "
#| "such as its enhanced package resolver, this complexity has caused (or may "
#| "still causes) some regressions such as <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">Bug "
#| "#411123</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug #514930</ulink>, and "
#| "<ulink url=\"&bugfhadhh;\">Bug #570377</ulink>.  In case of doubt, please "
#| "use the <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</literal> "
#| "commands over the <literal>aptitude</literal> command."
msgid ""
"Although the <literal>aptitude</literal> command comes with rich features "
"such as its enhanced package resolver, this complexity has caused (or may "
"still causes) some regressions such as <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;\">Bug "
"#411123</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug #514930</ulink>, and <ulink "
"url=\"&bugfhadhh;\">Bug #570377</ulink>.  In case of doubt, please use the "
"<literal>apt</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
"literal> commands over the <literal>aptitude</literal> command."
msgstr ""
"雖然 <literal>aptitude</literal> 命令提供了豐富的功能，例如增強的軟體包解析"
"器，但它的複雜程度導致了（或可能導致）一些退步，例如 <ulink url=\"&bugebbbcd;"
"\">Bug #411123</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&bugfbejda;\">Bug #514930</ulink> 及 "
"<ulink url=\"&bugfhadhh;\">Bug #570377</ulink>。如有疑問，請使用 "
"<literal>apt-get</literal> 和 <literal>apt-cache</literal> 命令來替代 "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Since <literal>apt-get</literal> and <literal>aptitude</literal> share "
#| "auto-installed package status (see <xref linkend="
#| "\"_the_package_state_for_apt\"/>) after <literal>lenny</literal>, you can "
#| "mix these tools without major troubles (see <ulink url=\"&bugfjeeja;"
#| "\">Bug #594490</ulink>)."
msgid ""
"Since <literal>apt</literal> / <literal>apt-get</literal> and "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> share auto-installed package status (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_package_state_for_apt\"/>) after <literal>lenny</literal>, "
"you can mix these tools without major troubles (see <ulink url=\"&bugfjeeja;"
"\">Bug #594490</ulink>)."
msgstr ""
"因為在 <literal>lenny</literal> 版本之後的 Debian 系統中，<literal>apt-get</"
"literal> 和 <literal>aptitude</literal> 會共享自動安裝的軟體包的狀態（參見"
"<xref linkend=\"_the_package_state_for_apt\"/>），因此你可以混合使用這些工具"
"而不會出現嚴重的麻煩（參見 <ulink url=\"&bugfjeeja;\">Bug #594490</ulink>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The \"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\" can list more "
#| "information by \"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\".  "
#| "Similar information can be obtained by \"<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;"
#| "package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\" can list more "
"information by \"<literal>aptitude -v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>\".  "
"Similar information can be obtained by \"<literal>apt rdepends &lt;"
"package&gt;</literal>\" or \"<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>aptitude why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>” 可以通過 “<literal>aptitude -"
"v why &lt;regex&gt;</literal>” 列出更多的資訊。類似的資訊可以通過 "
"“<literal>apt-cache rdepends &lt;package&gt;</literal>” 獲取。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When <literal>aptitude</literal> command is started in the commandline mode "
"and faces some issues such as package conflicts, you can switch to the full "
"screen interactive mode by pressing \"<literal>e</literal>\"-key later at "
"the prompt."
msgstr ""
"當 <literal>aptitude</literal> 命令在命令列模式下啟動後遇到了一些問題（例如軟"
"體包衝突），你可以在之後的提示中按下 “<literal>e</literal>” 鍵切換到全屏的互"
"動模式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may provide command options right after \"<literal>aptitude</literal>\"."
msgstr "你可以在 “<literal>aptitude</literal>” 後面使用的命令選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"Notable command options for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中重要的命令選項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "command option"
msgstr "命令選項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-s</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-s</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "simulate the result of the command"
msgstr "模擬命令的結果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-d</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "download only but no install/upgrade"
msgstr "僅下載，不進行安裝/更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-D</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-D</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show brief explanations before the automatic installations and removals"
msgstr "在自動安裝和刪除前，顯示簡要的說明"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and \"aptitude user's manual\" at \"<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>\" for more."
msgstr ""
"更多內容參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和位於 “<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>” 的 “aptitude 使用者手冊”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>dselect</literal> package is still available and was the "
"preferred full screen interactive package management tool in previous "
"releases."
msgstr ""
"<literal>dselect</literal> 軟體包依舊可用，並且曾是之前釋出的版本中首選的全屏"
"互動式軟體包管理工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Interactive use of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 的互動式使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the interactive package management, you start <literal>aptitude</"
"literal> in interactive mode from the console shell prompt as follows."
msgstr ""
"要使用互動式的軟體包管理，你可以像下面那樣以互動模式啟動 <literal>aptitude</"
"literal> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo aptitude -u\n"
"Password:"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo aptitude -u\n"
"Password:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This updates the local copy of the archive information and display the "
"package list in the full screen with menu.  Aptitude places its "
"configuration at \"<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"這將更新檔案庫資訊的本地副本，並以選單的形式全屏顯示軟體包列表。 aptitude 將"
"它的配置放在 “<literal>~/.aptitude/config</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you want to use root's configuration instead of user's one, use "
"\"<literal>sudo -H aptitude …</literal>\" instead of \"<literal>sudo "
"aptitude …</literal>\" in the above expression."
msgstr ""
"如果你想用 root 的配置而非使用者的，可以在上面的例子中使用 “<literal>sudo -H "
"aptitude …</literal>” 代替 “<literal>sudo aptitude …</literal>” 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>Aptitude</literal> automatically sets <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">pending actions</emphasis> as it is started interactively. If you do not "
"like it, you can reset it from menu: \"Action\" → \"Cancel pending actions\"."
msgstr ""
"當 <literal>aptitude</literal> 以互動模式啟動時，會自動設定<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">待執行的動作</emphasis>。如果您不喜歡，您可以通過選單：“動作” → "
"“取消待執行的動作” 來取消它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Key bindings of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 的按鍵繫結"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Notable key strokes to browse status of packages and to set \"planned action"
"\" on them in this full screen mode are the following."
msgstr "在全屏模式下瀏覽軟體包狀態和設定動作的按鍵如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of key bindings for aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 的按鍵繫結"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal> or <literal>Ctrl-t</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "menu"
msgstr "選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display <emphasis role=\"strong\">help</emphasis> for keystroke (more "
"complete listing)"
msgstr "顯示按鍵<emphasis role=\"strong\">幫助</emphasis>（更加完整的清單）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>F10</literal> → Help → User's Manual"
msgstr "<literal>F10</literal> → 幫助  → 使用者手冊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display User's Manual"
msgstr "顯示使用者手冊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>u</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>u</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "update package archive information"
msgstr "更新軟體包檔案庫資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>+</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">upgrade</emphasis> or the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">install</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"標記該軟體包以便<emphasis role=\"strong\">升級</emphasis>或<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">安裝</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">remove</emphasis> (keep "
"configuration files)"
msgstr ""
"標記該軟體包以便<emphasis role=\"strong\">移除</emphasis>（保留配置檔案）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>_</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>_</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"mark the package for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">purge</emphasis> (remove "
"configuration files)"
msgstr ""
"標記該軟體包以便<emphasis role=\"strong\">清除</emphasis>（移除配置檔案）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>=</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>=</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "place the package on <emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis>"
msgstr "將軟體包設為<emphasis role=\"strong\">保持</emphasis>狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>U</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>U</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"mark all upgradable packages (function as <emphasis role=\"strong\">full-"
"upgrade</emphasis>)"
msgstr ""
"標記所有可升級包（動作如同 <emphasis role=\"strong\">full-upgrade</"
"emphasis>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>g</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>g</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"start <emphasis role=\"strong\">downloading</emphasis> and <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">installing</emphasis> selected packages"
msgstr ""
"開始 <emphasis role=\"strong\">下載</emphasis> 並 <emphasis role=\"strong\">"
"安裝</emphasis> 所選擇包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>q</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>q</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "quit current screen and save changes"
msgstr "退出該介面並儲存變更"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>x</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>x</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "quit current screen and discard changes"
msgstr "退出該介面並清除變更"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Enter</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Enter</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "view information about a package"
msgstr "檢視軟體包的資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>C</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>C</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "view a package's changelog"
msgstr "檢視軟體包的變更記錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "change the limit for the displayed packages"
msgstr "變更軟體包的顯示限制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "search for the first match"
msgstr "搜尋匹配的第一個軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\\</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\\</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "repeat the last search"
msgstr "重複上一個搜尋"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The file name specification of the command line and the menu prompt after "
"pressing \"<literal>l</literal>\" and \"<literal>//</literal>\" take the "
"aptitude regex as described below.  Aptitude regex can explicitly match a "
"package name using a string started by \"<literal>~n</literal> and followed "
"by the package name."
msgstr ""
"可以通過命令列指定檔名稱，也可以通過按 “<literal>l</literal>” 或 “<literal>/"
"</literal>” 之後在選單提示下輸入下列所述的 aptitude 正則表示式。aptitude 正則"
"表示式可以使用 “<literal>~n</literal>” 開頭後接軟體包名稱的字串來精確匹配軟體"
"包名稱。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You need to press \"<literal>U</literal>\" to get all the installed packages "
"upgraded to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> in "
"the visual interface.  Otherwise only the selected packages and certain "
"packages with versioned dependency to them are upgraded to the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"你需要在視覺化介面中按下 “<literal>U</literal>” 鍵讓所有的已安裝軟體包升級到"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可用版本</emphasis> 。否則只有選中的軟體包和一些與"
"之有依賴關係的軟體包才能被升級到<emphasis role=\"strong\">可用版本</"
"emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Package views under aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 軟體包檢視"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the interactive full screen mode of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, packages in the package list are displayed as the "
"next example."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 全屏互動模式下，軟體包列表裡的軟體包會像下面的例子"
"那樣顯示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "idA   libsmbclient                             -2220kB 3.0.25a-1  3.0.25a-2"
msgstr "idA   libsmbclient                             -2220kB 3.0.25a-1  3.0.25a-2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here, this line means from the left as the following."
msgstr "該行的從左到右的含義如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The \"current state\" flag (the first letter)"
msgstr "“狀態”標籤 （第一個字母）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The \"planned action\" flag (the second letter)"
msgstr "“動作”標籤（第二個字母）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The \"automatic\" flag (the third letter)"
msgstr "“自動”標籤（第三個字母）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The Package name"
msgstr "軟體包名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The change in disk space usage attributed to \"planned action\""
msgstr "該“動作”對磁碟空間的變化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The current version of the package"
msgstr "軟體包當前版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The candidate version of the package"
msgstr "軟體包可用版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The full list of flags are given at the bottom of <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">Help</emphasis> screen shown by pressing \"<literal>?</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"您可以在<emphasis role=\"strong\">幫助</emphasis>選單中找到完整的標籤列表，"
"按“<literal>?</literal>”即可在幫助選單底部顯示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> is chosen "
"according to the current local preferences (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/"
">)."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">可用版本</emphasis> 的選擇是依據當前的本地首選項"
"（參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Several types of package views are available under the menu "
"\"<literal>Views</literal>\"."
msgstr "軟體包檢視的幾種型別都可以在“<literal> 檢視 </literal>”選單下找到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of views for aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 檢視"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "view"
msgstr "檢視"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "status"
msgstr "狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of view"
msgstr "檢視描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Package View</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Package View</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Good"
msgstr "良好"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "see <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/> (default)"
msgstr "參見 <xref linkend=\"standard-package-views\"/> (預設)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Audit Recommendations</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Audit Recommendations</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"list packages which are recommended by some installed packages but not yet "
"installed"
msgstr "列出推薦安裝但還沒有安裝的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Flat Package List</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Flat Package List</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list packages without categorization (for use with regex)"
msgstr "不分類地列出軟體包 (用於正則表示式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Debtags Browser</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Debtags Browser</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Very usable"
msgstr "非常有用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"list packages categorized according to their <ulink url=\"&debtags;"
"\">debtags</ulink> entries"
msgstr "列出由 <ulink url=\"&debtags;\">debtags</ulink> 進行分類的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Categorical Browser</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Categorical Browser</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Deprecated"
msgstr "已棄用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"list packages categorized according to their category (use <literal>Debtags "
"Browser</literal>, instead)"
msgstr "列出按照類別分類的軟體包（用<literal>Debtags 瀏覽器</literal>替代）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Please help us <ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">improving "
"tagging packages with debtags!</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"請幫助我們<ulink url=\"&improvingtaggingkageswithdebtags;\">改進用 debtags 標"
"記的軟體包！</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The standard \"<literal>Package View</literal>\" categorizes packages "
"somewhat like <literal>dselect</literal> with few extra features."
msgstr ""
"標準“<literal>軟體包檢視</literal>”分類軟體包的方法與帶有一些額外功能的 "
"<literal>dselect</literal> 有點像。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The categorization of standard package views"
msgstr "標準軟體包檢視的分類"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "category"
msgstr "分類"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Upgradable Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Upgradable Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"list packages organized as <literal>section</literal> → <literal>area</"
"literal> → <literal>package</literal>"
msgstr ""
"按照 <literal>section</literal> → <literal>area</literal> → <literal>軟體包</"
"literal> 的順序顯示列出軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>New Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>New Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Installed Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Not Installed Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Not Installed Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Obsolete and Locally Created Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Obsolete and Locally Created Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Virtual Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Virtual Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list packages with the same function"
msgstr "列出同樣功能的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Tasks</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Tasks</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list packages with different functions generally needed for a task"
msgstr "列出一個特定任務所需的不同功能的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>Tasks</literal> view can be used to cherry pick packages for your "
"task."
msgstr "<literal>軟體集</literal>檢視可以用來為你的任務選出最佳的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Search method options with aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 搜尋方式選項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Aptitude offers several options for you to search packages using its regex "
"formula."
msgstr "aptitude 提供了幾個可以使用正則表示式來搜尋軟體包的選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Shell commandline:"
msgstr "shell 命令列："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>\" to list "
"installation status, package name and short description of matching packages"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>aptitude search '&lt;aptitude_regex&gt;'</literal>” 列出安裝狀態、"
"軟體包名稱和匹配軟體包的剪短描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>\" to list detailed "
"description of the package"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>aptitude show '&lt;package_name&gt;'</literal>” 列出軟體包的詳細描"
"述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Interactive full screen mode:"
msgstr "全屏互動模式:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>l</literal>\" to limit package view to matching packages"
msgstr "\"<literal>l</literal>\" 可以限制匹配軟體包的檢視"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/</literal>\" for search to a matching package"
msgstr "\"<literal>/</literal>\" 搜尋匹配的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>\\</literal>\" for backward search to a matching package"
msgstr "\"<literal>\\</literal>\" 向後搜尋匹配的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>n</literal>\" for find-next"
msgstr "\"<literal>n</literal>\" 查詢下一個"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>N</literal>\" for find-next (backward)"
msgstr "\"<literal>N</literal>\" 查詢上一個"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The string for &lt;package_name&gt; is treated as the exact string match to "
"the package name unless it is started explicitly with \"<literal>~</literal>"
"\" to be the regex formula."
msgstr ""
"字串 &lt;package_name&gt; 被看作軟體包名稱的精確字串匹配，除非它是以 "
"\"<literal>~</literal>\" 開頭的正則表示式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The aptitude regex formula"
msgstr "aptitude 正則表示式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The aptitude regex formula is mutt-like extended <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">ERE</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>) and the "
"meanings of the <literal>aptitude</literal> specific special match rule "
"extensions are as follows."
msgstr ""
"aptitude 正則表示式是類 mutt 的拓展 <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</"
"emphasis>（參見 <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>），"
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 具體的特殊匹配規則擴充套件如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of the aptitude regex formula"
msgstr "aptitude 正則表示式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of the extended match rule"
msgstr "擴充套件匹配規則描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "regex formula"
msgstr "正則表示式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on package name"
msgstr "匹配軟體包名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~n&lt;regex_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~n&lt;regex_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on description"
msgstr "匹配描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~d&lt;regex_description&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~d&lt;regex_description&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on task name"
msgstr "匹配軟體集名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~t&lt;regex_task&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~t&lt;regex_task&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on debtag"
msgstr "匹配 debtag"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~G&lt;regex_debtag&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~G&lt;regex_debtag&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on maintainer"
msgstr "匹配維護者"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~m&lt;regex_maintainer&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~m&lt;regex_maintainer&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on package section"
msgstr "匹配軟體包的 section"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~s&lt;regex_section&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~s&lt;regex_section&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match on package version"
msgstr "匹配軟體包版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~V&lt;regex_version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~V&lt;regex_version&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match archive"
msgstr "匹配檔案庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~A{&codename-stable;,&codename-testing;,sid</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~A{&codename-stable;,&codename-testing;,sid</literal>}"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match origin"
msgstr "匹配來源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~O{debian,…</literal>}"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match priority"
msgstr "匹配優先順序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}"
msgstr "<literal>~p{extra,important,optional,required,standard</literal>}"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match essential packages"
msgstr "匹配必要的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~E</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~E</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match virtual packages"
msgstr "匹配虛擬軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~v</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~v</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match new packages"
msgstr "匹配新的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~N</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~N</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match with pending action"
msgstr "匹配待執行的動作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}"
msgstr ""
"<literal>~a{install,upgrade,downgrade,remove,purge,hold,keep</literal>}"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match installed packages"
msgstr "匹配已安裝軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~i</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match installed packages with <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark "
"(auto installed packages)"
msgstr ""
"匹配帶有 <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis> 標籤的已安裝軟體包（自動安裝"
"的軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~M</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match installed packages without <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis>-mark "
"(administrator selected packages)"
msgstr ""
"匹配不帶有 <emphasis role=\"strong\">A</emphasis> 標籤的已安裝軟體包（管理員"
"選擇的軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~i!~M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~i!~M</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match installed and upgradable packages"
msgstr "匹配已安裝並且是可升級的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~U</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~U</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match removed but not purged packages"
msgstr "匹配已刪除但未清除的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~c</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match removed, purged or can-be-removed packages"
msgstr "匹配已移除，已清除或可移除的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~g</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~g</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match packages declaring a broken dependency"
msgstr "匹配破壞依賴關係的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~b</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~b</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match packages declaring broken dependency of &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "匹配破壞 &lt;type&gt; 依賴關係的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~B&lt;type&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~B&lt;type&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match &lt;pattern&gt; packages declaring dependency of &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "匹配 &lt;pattern&gt; 軟體包的 &lt;type&gt; 依賴關係"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~D[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~D[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match &lt;pattern&gt; packages declaring broken dependency of &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "匹配 &lt;pattern&gt; 軟體包破壞的 &lt;type&gt; 依賴關係"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~DB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~DB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match packages to which the &lt;pattern&gt; matching package declares "
"dependency &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "匹配依賴於 &lt;pattern&gt; 軟體包的 &lt;type&gt; 依賴的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~R[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~R[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match packages to which the &lt;pattern&gt; matching package declares broken "
"dependency &lt;type&gt;"
msgstr "匹配依賴於 &lt;pattern&gt; 軟體包破壞的 &lt;type&gt; 依賴的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~RB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~RB[&lt;type&gt;:]&lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match packages to which some other installed packages depend on"
msgstr "匹配其它已安裝軟體包所依賴的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~R~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~R~i</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match packages to which no other installed packages depend on"
msgstr "匹配沒有被其它已安裝軟體包所依賴的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>!~R~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>!~R~i</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"match packages to which some other installed packages depend or recommend on"
msgstr "匹配其它已安裝軟體包所依賴或建議安裝的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match &lt;pattern&gt; package with filtered version"
msgstr "匹配 &lt;pattern&gt; 過濾版本之後的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~S filter &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~S filter &lt;pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match all packages (true)"
msgstr "匹配所有軟體包（真）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~T</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~T</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "match no packages (false)"
msgstr "不匹配軟體包（假）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~F</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~F</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The regex part is the same <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> as the "
"one used in typical Unix-like text tools using \"<literal>^</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>.*</literal>\", \"<literal>$</literal>\" etc. as in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>egrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>awk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"正則表示式使用的是 <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis>，就跟 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>egrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>awk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 這些典型的類 Unix 文字"
"工具中所使用的 “<literal>^</literal>”、“<literal>.*</literal>”、“<literal>$</"
"literal>” 等是相同的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The dependency &lt;type&gt; is one of (depends, predepends, recommends, "
"suggests, conflicts, replaces, provides) specifying the package "
"interrelationship."
msgstr ""
"依賴關係 &lt;type&gt; 是一種特定的軟體包相互關係（depends、predepends、"
"recommends、suggests、conflicts、replaces、provides）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The default dependency &lt;type&gt; is \"depends\"."
msgstr "預設的 &lt;type&gt; 依賴關係是 “depends”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"When &lt;regex_pattern&gt; is a null string, place \"<literal>~T</literal>\" "
"immediately after the command."
msgstr ""
"當 &lt;regex_pattern&gt; 為空字串時，請立即在命令後面新增 \"<literal>~T</"
"literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here are some short cuts."
msgstr "下面是一些快捷方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</"
"literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>~P&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dprovides:&lt;term&gt;</"
"literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;"
"</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>~C&lt;term&gt;</literal>\" == \"<literal>~Dconflicts:&lt;term&gt;"
"</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>…~W term</literal>\" == \"<literal>(…|term)</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Users familiar with <literal>mutt</literal> pick up quickly, as mutt was the "
"inspiration for the expression syntax. See \"SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND "
"EXPRESSIONS\" in the \"User's Manual\" \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/"
"README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"使用者熟悉 <literal>mutt</literal> 的快速選擇，因為 mutt 的靈感來源於表示式語"
"法。參見 “使用者手冊” “<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/README</literal>” 中"
"的 “SEARCHING, LIMITING, AND EXPRESSIONS”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"With the <literal>lenny</literal> version of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</"
"emphasis> syntax such as \"<literal>?broken</literal>\" may be used for "
"regex matching in place for its old <emphasis role=\"strong\">short form</"
"emphasis> equivalent \"<literal>~b</literal>\". Now space character "
"\"<literal> </literal>\" is considered as one of the regex terminating "
"character in addition to tilde character \"<literal>~</literal>\".  See "
"\"User's Manual\" for the new <emphasis role=\"strong\">long form</emphasis> "
"syntax."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lenny</literal> 版本的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 中，新的<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">長格式</emphasis>語法，例如 “<literal>?broken</literal>”，在正則表"
"示式中可以用來等效為它舊的<emphasis role=\"strong\">短格式</emphasis> "
"“<literal>~b</literal>”。現在空格字元 “<literal> </literal>” 被認為是除了波浪"
"字元 “<literal>~</literal>” 外的另一個正則表示式終止字元。新的<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">長格式</emphasis>語法參見 “使用者手冊”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Dependency resolution of aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 的依賴解決"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The selection of a package in <literal>aptitude</literal> not only pulls in "
"packages which are defined in its \"<literal>Depends:</literal>\" list but "
"also defined in the \"<literal>Recommends:</literal>\" list if the menu "
"\"<literal>F10</literal> → Options → Preferences → Dependency handling\" is "
"set accordingly.  These auto installed packages are removed automatically if "
"they are no longer needed under <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr ""
"如果通過選單 “<literal>F10</literal> → 選項 → 首選項 → 正在處理依賴關係” 進行"
"相應的設定，則在 <literal>aptitude</literal> 中選擇一個軟體包時，不僅會將其 "
"“<literal>Depends:</literal>” 列表中的軟體包選上，“<literal>Recommends:</"
"literal>” 列表中的軟體包也會被選上。在 <literal>aptitude</literal> 下，這些自"
"動安裝的軟體包在不再需要時會自動移除。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The flag controlling the \"auto install\" behavior of the <literal>aptitude</"
"literal> command can also be manipulated using the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-mark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command from the <literal>apt</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令中控制 “自動安裝” 行為的標籤也可以通過 "
"<literal>apt</literal> 軟體包中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-mark</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令來設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Package activity logs"
msgstr "軟體包活動日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can check package activity history in the log files."
msgstr "你可以在日誌檔案裡查詢到軟體包活動歷史。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The log files for package activities"
msgstr "軟體包活動日誌檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "file"
msgstr "檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "content"
msgstr "內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/dpkg.log</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Log of <literal>dpkg</literal> level activity for all package activities"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal> 級的軟體包活動日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/apt/term.log</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Log of generic APT activity"
msgstr "通用 APT 活動日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/log/aptitude</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Log of <literal>aptitude</literal> command activity"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令活動日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In reality, it is not so easy to get meaningful understanding quickly out "
"from these logs.  See <xref linkend="
"\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> for easier way."
msgstr ""
"事實上，很難從這些日誌上快速獲得有用的資訊。較簡便的方法參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Examples of aptitude operations"
msgstr "aptitude 操作範例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are few examples of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> operations."
msgstr ""
"下面是一些 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的操作範例。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Listing packages with regex matching on package names"
msgstr "通過正則表示式匹配軟體包名稱來列出軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following command lists packages with regex matching on package names."
msgstr "下面的命令列出了通過正則表示式匹配軟體包名稱來列出軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n"
"p libnss-ldap - NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service\n"
"p libpam-ldap - Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr ""
"$ aptitude search '~n(pam|nss).*ldap'\n"
"p libnss-ldap - 使用 LDAP 作為名稱服務的 NSS 模組\n"
"p libpam-ldap - 允許 LDAP 介面的插入式驗證模組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This is quite handy for you to find the exact name of a package."
msgstr "這種方式查詢精確的軟體包名稱很方便。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Browsing with the regex matching"
msgstr "使用正則表示式匹配瀏覽"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The regex \"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\" in the \"New Flat Package List\" "
"view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt, limits view to packages with the "
"matching description and let you browse their information interactively."
msgstr ""
"在\"新扁平軟體包列表\" 中使用 \"<literal>l</literal>\" 提示檢視，正則表示式 "
"\"<literal>~dipv6</literal>\" 可以限制性地匹配軟體描述，並互動式地展示資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Purging removed packages for good"
msgstr "完整地清理已刪除軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can purge all remaining configuration files of removed packages."
msgstr "您能清除所有已移除軟體包的剩餘配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Check results of the following command."
msgstr "檢查以下命令的結果。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude search '~c'"
msgstr "# aptitude search '~c'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you think listed packages are OK to be purged, execute the following "
"command."
msgstr "如果您確認所列出的軟體包應當被完整刪除，請執行以下命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# aptitude purge '~c'"
msgstr "# aptitude purge '~c'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may want to do the similar in the interactive mode for fine grained "
"control."
msgstr "您可能想要在互動模式中做類似的操作進行細粒度的控制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You provide the regex \"<literal>~c</literal>\" in the \"New Package View\" "
"view with \"<literal>l</literal>\" prompt.  This limits the package view "
"only to regex matched packages, i.e., \"removed but not purged\".  All these "
"regex matched packages can be shown by pressing \"<literal>[</literal>\" at "
"top level headings."
msgstr ""
"在 \"新軟體包檢視\" 使用 \"<literal>l</literal>\" 提示並輸入正則匹配式 "
"\"<literal>~c</literal>\" ，這將僅匹配軟體包，比如， \"移除但不清空配置\" 。"
"所有符合匹配的軟體包可以在頂層標題上使用 \"<literal>[</literal>\" 顯示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Then you press \"<literal>_</literal>\" at top level headings such as \"Not "
"Installed Packages\".  Only regex matched packages under the heading are "
"marked to be purged by this.  You can exclude some packages to be purged by "
"pressing \"<literal>=</literal>\" interactively for each of them."
msgstr ""
"當您在頂層標題如 “未安裝的包” 中輸入 “<literal>_</literal>”，當前標題下的軟體"
"包只有匹配正則式才會被清除。您還可以使用“<literal>=</literal>” 來互動式地排除"
"軟體包以避免刪除它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This technique is quite handy and works for many other command keys."
msgstr "這種技術方便易用且適用於許多其他的命令鍵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Tidying auto/manual install status"
msgstr "調整自動/手動安裝狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is how I tidy auto/manual install status for packages (after using non-"
"aptitude package installer etc.)."
msgstr ""
"下面是調整軟體包的自動/手動安裝狀態的方法（在使用非 aptitude 軟體包管理器之"
"後）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Start <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode as root."
msgstr "用 root 以互動模式執行 <literal>aptitude</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>u</literal>\", \"<literal>U</literal>\", \"<literal>f</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>g</literal>\" to update and upgrade package list "
"and packages."
msgstr ""
"用 \"<literal>u</literal>\" 命令更新可用的軟體包列表，\"<literal>U</literal>"
"\" 命令標記所有可升級的軟體包以執行升級，\"<literal>f</literal>\" 命令清除新"
"軟體包列表，\"<literal>g</literal>\" 命令執行所有可升級的軟體包以執行升級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</literal>\" and type \"<literal>M</"
"literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as auto installed."
msgstr ""
"按下 “<literal>l</literal>”，並輸入 “<literal>~i(~R~i|~Rrecommends:~i)</"
"literal>” 來限制軟體包的顯示，按下 “<literal>M</literal>” 將 “<literal>已安裝"
"軟體包</literal>” 的狀態改為自動安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|~pstandard|~E</literal>\" and type "
"\"<literal>m</literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\" as "
"manual installed."
msgstr ""
"按下 “<literal>l</literal>”，並輸入 “<literal>~prequired|~pimportant|"
"~pstandard|~E</literal>” 來限制軟體包的顯示，按下 “<literal>m</literal>” 將 "
"“<literal>已安裝軟體包</literal>” 的狀態改為手動安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\" to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~i!~M</literal>\" and remove unused package by typing \"<literal>-"
"</literal>\" over each of them after exposing them by typing \"<literal>[</"
"literal>\" over \"<literal>Installed Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"按下 “<literal>l</literal>”，並輸入 “<literal>~i!~M</literal>” 來限制軟體包的"
"顯示，在 “<literal>已安裝軟體包</literal>” 上按下 “<literal>[</literal>” 來陳"
"列無用的軟體包，按下 “<literal>-</literal>” 將它們移除。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type \"<literal>l</literal>\", to enter the package display limit as "
"\"<literal>~i</literal>\"; then type \"<literal>m</literal>\" over "
"\"<literal>Tasks</literal>\", to mark that packages as manual installed."
msgstr ""
"按下 “<literal>l</literal>”，並輸入 “<literal>~i</literal>” 來限制軟體包的顯"
"示，之後在 “<literal>軟體集</literal>” 上按下 “<literal>m</literal>” 將那些軟"
"體包標記為手動安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Exit <literal>aptitude</literal>."
msgstr "退出 <literal>aptitude</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Start \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to check "
"what are not used."
msgstr ""
"用 root 使用者執行 \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" 命令，來"
"檢視有那些軟體包是不再需要的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed "
"packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在互動模式下重啟 <literal>aptitude</literal> 程式，用 “<literal>m</literal>” "
"命令標記所需要的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Restart \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to recheck "
"REMOVED contain only expected packages."
msgstr ""
"用 root 使用者重新執行 \"<literal>apt-get -s autoremove|less</literal>\" 這個"
"命令來複查移除的包中是不是隻含有自己所希望移除的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Start \"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\" as root to autoremove "
"unused packages."
msgstr ""
"用 root 使用者執行 \"<literal>apt-get autoremove|less</literal>\" 命令來自動"
"移除不再需要的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>m</literal>\" action over \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" is an "
"optional one to prevent mass package removal situation in future."
msgstr ""
"在你所需要執行的 \"<literal>Tasks</literal>\" 上，執行 \"<literal>m</literal>"
"\" 命令是一個可選的操作，目的就是為了防止大量軟體包被解除安裝的情況出現。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "System wide upgrade"
msgstr "全面的系統升級"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When moving to a new release etc, you should consider to perform a clean "
"installation of new system even though Debian is upgradable as described "
"below.  This provides you a chance to remove garbages collected and exposes "
"you to the best combination of latest packages.  Of course, you should make "
"a full backup of system to a safe place (see <xref linkend="
"\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) before doing this. I recommend to make a dual "
"boot configuration using different partition to have the smoothest "
"transition."
msgstr ""
"當你遷移到新的發行版的時候，雖然正如下面所描述的那樣，Debian 是可升級的，但是"
"你還是應該考慮純淨的安裝新的系統。這給了你機會去移除廢棄的軟體包同時還可以接"
"觸到最新軟體包的完美集合體。當然，在做遷移之前，你也應該對你的系統做完整的備"
"份，並把它移到安全的地方去（檢視<xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/"
">)。“我”也建議用不同的分割槽做另外一個啟動項，來實現平穩的升級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "You can perform system wide upgrade to a newer release by changing "
#| "contents of the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file "
#| "pointing to a new release and running the \"<literal>apt-get update; apt-"
#| "get dist-upgrade</literal>\" command."
msgid ""
"You can perform system wide upgrade to a newer release by changing contents "
"of the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file pointing to a new "
"release and running the \"<literal>apt update; apt dist-upgrade</literal>\" "
"command."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過改變 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 的內容使之指向新"
"的發行版所在地址的方法來進行系統的全面升級，然後執行 \"<literal>apt-get "
"update; apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To upgrade from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</literal> or "
"<literal>unstable</literal>, you replace \"<literal>&codename-stable;</"
"literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" example of "
"<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> with \"<literal>&codename-testing;"
"</literal>\" or \"<literal>sid</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"從 <literal>stable</literal> 升級到 <literal>testing</literal> 或者 "
"<literal>unstable</literal>，你應該用 \"<literal>&codename-testing;</literal>"
"\" 或者 \"<literal>sid</literal>\" 替換 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</"
"literal>\"  檔案裡的 \"<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>\"，參考 <xref "
"linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In reality, you may face some complications due to some package transition "
"issues, mostly due to package dependencies.  The larger the difference of "
"the upgrade, the more likely you face larger troubles.  For the transition "
"from the old <literal>stable</literal> to the new <literal>stable</literal> "
"after its release, you can read its new <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;"
"\">Release Notes</ulink> and follow the exact procedure described in it to "
"minimize troubles."
msgstr ""
"事實上，由於一些軟體包版本變遷的問題，你可能會遇到一些困難，主要是由於軟體包"
"的依賴問題。升級之後的差異越大，你越有可能遇到麻煩。在新版本發行後，系統從舊"
"的 <literal>stable</literal>   過渡到新的 <literal> stable</literal>，你可以"
"檢視 <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\"> Release Notes</ulink> 然後按照裡面的步驟"
"去做，來儘可能的減少麻煩。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you decide to move from <literal>stable</literal> to <literal>testing</"
"literal> before its formal release, there are no <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;"
"\">Release Notes</ulink> to help you. The difference between "
"<literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal> could have grown "
"quite large after the previous <literal>stable</literal> release and makes "
"upgrade situation complicated."
msgstr ""
"在它正式釋出之前，你決定要從先前的 <literal> stable</literal> 遷移到將要釋出"
"的 <literal> testing</literal>，這裡沒有 <ulink url=\"&releasenotes;\"> "
"Release Notes</ulink> 可以幫到你。 在前一個 <literal>stable</literal> 釋出以"
"後，<literal> stable</literal> 發行版跟將要釋出的<literal> testing</literal> "
"發行版之間的差異可能變得相當大同時也使得升級系統變得更加的複雜。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You should make precautionary moves for the full upgrade while gathering "
"latest information from mailing list and using common senses."
msgstr ""
"在全面升級系統的時候，你應該謹慎的操作，同時你也應該從郵件列表中獲取最新的資"
"料然後根據你的常識作出正確的判斷。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Read previous \"Release Notes\"."
msgstr "檢視先前的“發行說明”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Backup entire system (especially data and configuration information)."
msgstr "備份整個系統(尤其是資料和配置資訊）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Have bootable media handy for broken bootloader."
msgstr "當 bootloader 壞了的時候，手邊應該有可以引導電腦啟動的儲存介質。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Inform users on the system well in advance."
msgstr "事先通知系統上的使用者。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Record upgrade activity with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"用<citerefentry> <refentrytitle> script</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum> </citerefentry> 記錄升級的過程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Apply \"unmarkauto\" to required packages, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude "
"unmarkauto vim</literal>\", to prevent removal."
msgstr ""
"用 “unmarkauto” 命令來保留你想要的軟體包，例如 \"<literal>aptitude "
"unmarkauto vim</literal>\" 這個命令是用來防止移除vim這個軟體的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Minimize installed packages to reduce chance of package conflicts, e.g., "
"remove desktop task packages."
msgstr ""
"為了減少軟體包之間可能會發生的衝突，應該儘量減少要安裝的軟體包的數目，例如，"
"移除桌面環境這個軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remove the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file (disable apt-"
"pinning)."
msgstr ""
"移除 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案（禁用apt-pinning）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Try to upgrade step wise: <literal>oldstable</literal> → <literal>stable</"
"literal> → <literal>testing</literal> → <literal>unstable</literal>."
msgstr ""
"試著一步步的升級： <literal>oldstable</literal>  → <literal>stable</"
"literal>  → <literal>testing</literal>  → <literal>unstable</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Update the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to point to new "
"archive only and run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"升級 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案，使其指向新的檔案庫然"
"後執行 \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Install, optionally, new <emphasis role=\"strong\">core packages</emphasis> "
"first, e.g., \"<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"可選的安裝選項，首先是新的 <emphasis role=\"strong\"> core packages</"
"emphasis>，例如            “<literal>aptitude install perl</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Run the \"<literal>apt-get -s dist-upgrade</literal>\" command to assess "
"impact."
msgstr ""
"執行 \"<literal>apt-get -s dist-upgrade</literal>\" 命令來評估升級造成的影"
"響。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run the \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" command at last."
msgstr "最後執行 \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"It is not wise to skip major Debian release when upgrading between "
"<literal>stable</literal> releases."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal> stable</literal> 版本升級的時候，跳過主要的 Debian 發行版是不明"
"智的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"In previous \"Release Notes\", GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, "
"APT tool chain, etc. have required some special attention for system wide "
"upgrade."
msgstr ""
"在先前的“發行手冊”裡， GCC, Linux Kernel, initrd-tools, Glibc, Perl, APT "
"tool chain 等等，有一些關於系統全面升級的重要注意事項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For daily upgrade in <literal>unstable</literal>, see <xref linkend="
"\"_safeguarding_for_package_problems\"/>."
msgstr ""
"關於 <literal> unstable</literal> 版本的日常升級，檢視 <xref linkend="
"\"_safeguarding_for_package_problems\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Advanced package management operations"
msgstr "高階軟體包管理操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Advanced package management operations with commandline"
msgstr "命令列中的高階軟體包管理操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are list of other package management operations for which "
"<literal>aptitude</literal> is too high-level or lacks required "
"functionalities."
msgstr ""
"下面列出了一些其它的軟體包管理操作，這些操作對於 <literal>aptitude</literal> "
"過於高階或缺失所需的功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of advanced package management operations"
msgstr "高階軟體包管理操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>COLUMNS=120 dpkg -l &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list status of an installed package for the bug report"
msgstr "列出已安裝軟體包的列表用於錯誤報告"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list contents of an installed package"
msgstr "顯示一個已安裝軟體包的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; | egrep '/usr/share/man/man.*/.+'</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list manpages for an installed package"
msgstr "列出一個已安裝軟體包的 man 手冊頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list installed packages which have matching file name"
msgstr "列出匹配檔名的已安裝軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-file search &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-file search &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list packages in archive which have matching file name"
msgstr "列出檔案庫中匹配檔名的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-file list &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-file list &lt;package_name_pattern&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list contents of matching packages in archive"
msgstr "列出檔案庫中匹配的軟體包的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "reconfigure the exact package"
msgstr "重新配置軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg-reconfigure -p=low &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "reconfigure the exact package with the most detailed question"
msgstr "通過最詳細的方式來重新配置軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>configure-debian</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>configure-debian</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "reconfigure packages from the full screen menu"
msgstr "以全屏選單的形式重新配置軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --audit</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "audit system for partially installed packages"
msgstr "部分安裝軟體包的審計系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --configure -a</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "configure all partially installed packages"
msgstr "配置所有部分安裝的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"show available version, priority, and archive information of a binary package"
msgstr "顯示一個二進位制軟體包的可用版本、優先順序和檔案庫資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache madison &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show available version, archive information of a package"
msgstr "顯示一個軟體包的可用版本和檔案庫資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-cache showsrc &lt;binary_package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show source package information of a binary package"
msgstr "顯示一個二進位制軟體包的原始碼軟體包資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "install required packages to build package"
msgstr "安裝構建軟體包所需要的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>aptitude build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude build-dep &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>apt-get source &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>apt-get source &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "download a source (from standard archive)"
msgstr "（從標準檔案庫）下載原始碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dget &lt;URL for dsc file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dget &lt;URL for dsc file&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "download a source packages (from other archive)"
msgstr "（從其它檔案庫）下載原始碼軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg-source -x &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian_version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>dpkg-source -x &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian_version&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"build a source tree from a set of source packages (\"<literal>*.orig.tar.gz</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>*.debian.tar.gz</literal>\"/\"<literal>*.diff.gz</"
"literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"從原始碼軟體包集合（“<literal>*.orig.tar.gz</literal>” 和 “<literal>*.debian."
"tar.gz</literal>\"/\"<literal>*.diff.gz</literal>”）中構建程式碼樹"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>debuild binary</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>debuild binary</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "build package(s) from a local source tree"
msgstr "從本地的原始碼樹中構建軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg kernel_image</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree"
msgstr "從核心原始碼樹中構建一個核心軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "build a kernel package from a kernel source tree with initramfs enabled"
msgstr "從啟用了 initramfs 的核心程式碼樹中構建一個核心軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;"
"_&lt;arch&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;"
"_&lt;arch&gt;.deb</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "install a local package to the system"
msgstr "安裝一個本地的軟體包到系統中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Run \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\"."
msgid "<literal>apt install /path/to/&lt;package_filename&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr ""
"執行 \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"install a local package to the system, meanwhile try to resolve dependency "
"automatically"
msgstr "安裝一個本地軟體包到系統中，同時，嘗試自動地解析依賴性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>debi &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;"
"_&lt;arch&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>debi &lt;package_name&gt;_&lt;version&gt;-&lt;debian_version&gt;"
"_&lt;arch&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "install local package(s) to the system"
msgstr "安裝本地軟體包到系統中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt;selection.txt</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "save <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information"
msgstr "儲存 <literal>dpkg</literal> 級別的軟體包選擇狀態資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dpkg --set-selections &lt;selection.txt</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg --set-selections &lt;selection.txt</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state information"
msgstr "使用 <literal>dpkg</literal> 設定軟體包選擇狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>echo &lt;package_name&gt; hold | dpkg --set-selections</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>echo &lt;package_name&gt; hold | dpkg --set-selections</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set <literal>dpkg</literal> level package selection state for a package to "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">hold</emphasis> (equivalent to \"<literal>aptitude "
"hold &lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"使用 <literal>dpkg</literal> 將一個軟體包的包選擇狀態設定為 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">hold</emphasis>（相當於 \"<literal>aptitude hold &lt; 包名&gt;</"
"literal> \")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For a package with the <ulink url=\"&multiarch;\">multi-arch</ulink> "
"feature, you may need to specify the architecture name for some commands.  "
"For example, use \"<literal>dpkg -L libglib2.0-0:amd64</literal>\" to list "
"contents of the <literal>libglib2.0-0</literal> package for the "
"<literal>amd64</literal> architecture."
msgstr ""
"對於一個支援<ulink url=\"&multiarch;\">多架構</ulink>的軟體包，你可能需要為一"
"些命令指定架構名稱。例如，使用 “<literal>dpkg -L libglib2.0-0:amd64</"
"literal>” 來列出 <literal>amd64</literal> 架構的 <literal>libglib2.0-0</"
"literal> 軟體包的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Lower level package tools such as \"<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>debi …</literal>\" should be carefully used by the system "
"administrator.  It does not automatically take care required package "
"dependencies. Dpkg's commandline options \"<literal>--force-all</literal>\" "
"and similar (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>) are intended to be "
"used by experts only.  Using them without fully understanding their effects "
"may break your whole system."
msgstr ""
"系統管理員應該小心使用低階的軟體包工具（例如 “<literal>dpkg -i …</literal>” "
"和 “<literal>debi …</literal>”），它們不會自動處理所需的軟體包依賴。 dpkg 的"
"命令列選項 “<literal>--force-all</literal>” 和類似的選項（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>）只適用於高手。沒有完全理解它們的效果卻使用它們會破壞你的整個系"
"統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Please note the following."
msgstr "請注意以下幾點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"All system configuration and installation commands require to be run from "
"root."
msgstr "所有的系統配置和安裝命令都需要以 root 執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Unlike <literal>aptitude</literal> which uses regex (see <xref linkend="
"\"_regular_expressions\"/>), other package management commands use pattern "
"like shell glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"不同於使用正則表示式的 <literal>aptitude</literal> （參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_regular_expressions\"/>），其它的軟體包管理命令使用類似於 shell glob 的萬"
"用字元（參見 <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-file</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> provided by the <literal>apt-file</literal> "
"package must run \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" in advance."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-file</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 由 <literal>apt-file</literal> 軟體包提供，並且需要"
"先執行 “<literal>apt-file update</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>configure-debian</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> provided by the <literal>configure-debian</"
"literal> package runs <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-reconfigure</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> as its backend."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>configure-debian</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 由 <literal>configure-debian</literal> 軟體包提供，"
"它執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-reconfigure</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 作為後端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-reconfigure</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> runs package scripts using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> as its backend."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-reconfigure</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 作為後端來執行軟體包指"
"令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\", \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>"
"\" and \"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\" commands require "
"\"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" entry in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>apt-get build-dep</literal>\" 、\"<literal>apt-get source</"
"literal>\" 和 \"<literal>apt-cache showsrc</literal>\" 命令需要 \"<literal>/"
"etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 中存在 \"<literal>deb-src</literal>\" 條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dget</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debuild</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> require <literal>devscripts</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dget</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debuild</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 需要 <literal>devscripts</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"See (re)packaging procedure using \"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" in "
"<xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/> 裡使用 "
"\"<literal>apt-get source</literal>\" 的打包（重打包）過程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>make-kpkg</literal> command requires the <literal>kernel-package</"
"literal> package (see <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"<literal>make-kpkg</literal> 命令需要 <literal>kernel-package</literal> 軟體"
"包（參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/> for general packaging."
msgstr "通用打包參見 <xref linkend=\"_making_debian_package\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Verification of installed package files"
msgstr "驗證安裝的軟體包檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The installation of <literal>debsums</literal> enables verification of "
"installed package files against MD5sum values in the \"<literal>/var/lib/"
"dpkg/info/*.md5sums</literal>\" file with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.  See <xref linkend=\"_the_md5_sum\"/> for how "
"MD5sum works."
msgstr ""
"已經安裝 <literal>debsums</literal> 軟體包的，能使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令通過 \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums</"
"literal>\" 檔案中的 MD5sum 值，驗證已安裝的檔案。參見<xref linkend="
"\"_the_md5_sum\"/>來獲得 MD5sum 是怎樣工作的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Because MD5sum database may be tampered by the intruder, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is of limited use as a security tool. It is only "
"good for checking local modifications by the administrator or damage due to "
"media errors."
msgstr ""
"因為 MD5sum 資料庫可能被侵入者篡改，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 作為安全工具使用有限。"
"這種工具用於校驗管理者造成的本地修改或媒體錯誤造成的損壞是很不錯的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Safeguarding for package problems"
msgstr "預防軟體包故障"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many users prefer to follow the <emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</"
"emphasis> release of the Debian system for its new features and packages.  "
"This makes the system more prone to be hit by the critical package bugs."
msgstr ""
"許多使用者更想使用 <emphasis role=\"strong\">unstable</emphasis>，因為它有新"
"的功能和軟體包。但這會使得系統更容易遇到嚴重的軟體包 bug 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The installation of the <literal>apt-listbugs</literal> package safeguards "
"your system against critical bugs by checking Debian BTS automatically for "
"critical bugs when upgrading with APT system."
msgstr ""
"安裝軟體包 <literal>apt-list bugs</literal> 可以避免您的系統遭遇嚴重 bugs，在"
"通過 APT 系統升級時，它會自動檢查 Debian BTS 裡的嚴重 bug。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The installation of the <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> package provides "
"important news in \"<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>\" when upgrading with APT "
"system."
msgstr ""
"安裝 <literal>apt-listchanges</literal> 軟體包，在使用 APT 系統升級時它會在 "
"“<literal>NEWS.Debian</literal>” 中提供重要新聞。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Searching on the package meta data"
msgstr "搜尋軟體包元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Although visiting Debian site <ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;"
#| "\">http://packages.debian.org/</ulink> facilitates easy ways to search on "
#| "the package meta data these days, let's look into more traditional ways."
msgid ""
"Although visiting Debian site <ulink url=\"&httpspackagesdebianorg;"
"\">https://packages.debian.org/</ulink> facilitates easy ways to search on "
"the package meta data these days, let's look into more traditional ways."
msgstr ""
"儘管近來瀏覽 Debian 網站 <ulink url=\"&httppackagesdebianorg;\">http://"
"packages.debian.org/</ulink> 是搜尋軟體包元資料更加簡單的方法，但我們依舊來看"
"看更傳統的方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-status</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-available</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> commands can be used to search any file which has "
"the general format of a Debian package control file."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-status</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-available</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令被用來搜尋具有 Debian 軟體包控制檔案格式的任何"
"檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>\" can be used "
"search package names which contain files with the matching name installed by "
"<literal>dpkg</literal>.  But this overlooks files created by the maintainer "
"scripts."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>dpkg -S &lt;file_name_pattern&gt;</literal>” 被用來搜尋由 "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> 安裝的軟體包中包含匹配檔案的。但它會忽略維護者的指令"
"碼建立的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you need to make more elaborate search on the dpkg meta data, you need to "
"run \"<literal>grep -e regex_pattern *</literal>\" command in the "
"\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</literal>\" directory.  This makes you search "
"words mentioned in package scripts and installation query texts."
msgstr ""
"如果你需要對 dpkg 元資料進行更復雜的搜尋，你需要在 “<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/"
"info/</literal>” 目錄下執行 “<literal>grep -e regex_pattern *</literal>” 命"
"令。這會使你在軟體包指令碼和安裝查詢文字中搜索提及的單詞。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you wish to look up package dependency recursively, you should use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-rdepends</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"如果你想遞迴查詢軟體包依賴，你應該使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-"
"rdepends</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Debian package management internals"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包內部管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's learn how the Debian package management system works internally.  This "
"should help you to create your own solution to some package problems."
msgstr ""
"讓我們來學習 Debian 軟體包管理的內部工作原理。這應該能夠幫助你獨立解決一些軟"
"體包問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Archive meta data"
msgstr "檔案庫元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Meta data files for each distribution are stored under \"<literal>dist/&lt;"
"codename&gt;</literal>\" on each Debian mirror sites, e.g., "
"\"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/</literal>\".  Its archive structure "
"can be browsed by the web browser. There are 6 types of key meta data."
msgstr ""
"每個發行版的元資料檔案都儲存在 Debian 映象站的 “<literal>dist/&lt;"
"codename&gt;</literal>” 下面，例如 “<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/</"
"literal>”。檔案庫的結構可以通過網路瀏覽器來瀏覽。其中有 6 種關鍵的元資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The content of the Debian archive meta data"
msgstr "Debian 檔案庫元資料的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "location"
msgstr "位置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Release</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Release</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "top of distribution"
msgstr "發行版的頂層"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "archive description and integrity information"
msgstr "檔案庫描述和完整性資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Release.gpg</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"signature file for the \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file signed with the "
"archive key"
msgstr "\"<literal>Release</literal>\" 檔案的簽名檔案，使用檔案庫金鑰簽名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list of all files for all the packages in the pertinent archive"
msgstr "列出在相關架構中所有軟體包的全部檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "top of each distribution/area/architecture combination"
msgstr "每個發行版/區域/架構組合的頂部"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"archive description used for the rule of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"歸檔描述使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum> 5 </manvolnum></citerefentry> 的規則"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Packages</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "top of each distribution/area/binary-architecture combination"
msgstr "每個發行版/區域/二進位制架構組合的頂部"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for binary packages"
msgstr "連線 <literal>debian/control</literal> 獲得二進位制包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Sources</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Sources</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "top of each distribution/area/source combination"
msgstr "每個 發行版/區域/原始碼 組合的頂部"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "concatenated <literal>debian/control</literal> for source packages"
msgstr "連線 <literal>debian/control</literal> 獲取原始碼包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the recent archive, these meta data are stored as the compressed and "
"differential files to reduce network traffic."
msgstr "為了減少網路流量，在最近的檔案庫中，這些元資料儲存為壓縮了的差分檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Top level \"Release\" file and authenticity"
msgstr "頂層“Release”檔案及真實性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is used for signing the "
"archive under the <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system."
msgstr ""
"頂層“<literal>Release</literal>”檔案用於簽署<emphasis role=\"strong\">secure "
"APT</emphasis>系統下的歸檔檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each suite of the Debian archive has a top level \"<literal>Release</literal>"
"\" file, e.g., \"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/"
"Release</literal>\", as follows."
msgstr ""
"每個 Debian 檔案庫的網址都有一個這樣的 “<literal>Release</literal>” 檔案，例"
"如 “<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/Release</literal>”，"
"內容如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Suite: unstable\n"
"Codename: sid\n"
"Date: Sat, 14 May 2011 08:20:50 UTC\n"
"Valid-Until: Sat, 21 May 2011 08:20:50 UTC\n"
"Architectures: alpha amd64 armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386 mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n"
"Components: main contrib non-free\n"
"Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n"
"MD5Sum:\n"
" bdc8fa4b3f5e4a715dd0d56d176fc789 18876880 Contents-alpha.gz\n"
" 9469a03c94b85e010d116aeeab9614c0 19441880 Contents-amd64.gz\n"
" 3d68e206d7faa3aded660dc0996054fe 19203165 Contents-armel.gz\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Suite: unstable\n"
"Codename: sid\n"
"Date: Sat, 14 May 2011 08:20:50 UTC\n"
"Valid-Until: Sat, 21 May 2011 08:20:50 UTC\n"
"Architectures: alpha amd64 armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386 mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc\n"
"Components: main contrib non-free\n"
"Description: Debian x.y Unstable - Not Released\n"
"MD5Sum:\n"
" bdc8fa4b3f5e4a715dd0d56d176fc789 18876880 Contents-alpha.gz\n"
" 9469a03c94b85e010d116aeeab9614c0 19441880 Contents-amd64.gz\n"
" 3d68e206d7faa3aded660dc0996054fe 19203165 Contents-armel.gz\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Here, you can find my rationale to use the \"suite\", and \"codename\" in "
"<xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>.  The \"distribution\" is used "
"when referring to both \"suite\" and \"codename\".  All archive \"area\" "
"names offered by the archive are listed under \"Components\"."
msgstr ""
"在 <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> 裡，你能夠發現我使用\"suite\" "
"和 \"codename\"的邏輯。“發行版”被用來同時談及\"suite\" 和 \"codename\".所有由"
"檔案庫提供的歸檔 \"area\" 名，會被列在 \"Components\" 下."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The integrity of the top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file is "
"verified by cryptographic infrastructure called the <ulink url=\"&secureapt;"
"\">secure apt</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"頂層檔案 \"<literal>Release</literal>\" 的完整性，是由叫 <ulink url="
"\"&secureapt;\">secure apt</ulink> 的加密架構來驗證."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The cryptographic signature file \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" is "
"created from the authentic top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file and "
"the secret Debian archive key."
msgstr ""
"加密簽名檔案 \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" 是由頂層授權檔案 "
"\"<literal>Release</literal>\" 和加密的 Debian 檔案庫公鑰建立。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The public Debian archive key can be seeded into \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted."
"gpg</literal>\";"
msgstr ""
"公開的 Debian 檔案庫公鑰能夠放入“<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>”；"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"automatically by installing the keyring with the latest <literal>base-files</"
"literal> package, or"
msgstr ""
"這樣的操作可以由安裝最新的 <literal>base-files</literal> 軟體包的方式完成，或"
"者"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"manually by <literal>gpg</literal> or <literal>apt-key</literal> tool with "
"<ulink url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\">the latest public archive "
"key posted on the ftp-master.debian.org</ulink> ."
msgstr ""
"手動使用 <literal>gpg</literal> 或者 <literal>apt-key</literal> 工具 <ulink "
"url=\"&thelatestpublicapmasterdebianorg;\"> 獲取釋出在 ftp-master.debian.org "
"上最新的檔案庫公鑰</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system verifies the "
"integrity of the downloaded top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file "
"cryptographically by this \"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\" file and the "
"public Debian archive key in \"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> 系統驗證下載的頂層檔案 "
"\"<literal>Release</literal>\" 的完整性。加密驗證過程用到了"
"\"<literal>Release.gpg</literal>\"檔案和在\"<literal>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</"
"literal>\"裡的 Debian 檔案庫公鑰."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The integrity of all the \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files are verified by using MD5sum values in "
"its top level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" file.  The integrity of all "
"package files are verified by using MD5sum values in the "
"\"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" files.  "
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <xref linkend="
"\"_verification_of_installed_package_files\"/>."
msgstr ""
"所有 \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" 檔案的"
"完整性是由在頂層 \"<literal>Release</literal>\" 檔案裡的 MD5sum 值來驗證。所"
"有軟體包檔案的完整性由 \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>Sources</literal>\" 檔案裡的 MD5sum 值來驗證.參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_verification_of_installed_package_files\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since the cryptographic signature verification is a much more CPU intensive "
"process than the MD5sum value calculation, use of MD5sum value for each "
"package while using cryptographic signature for the top level "
"\"<literal>Release</literal>\" file provides <ulink url="
"\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">the good security with the "
"performance</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"因加密簽名驗證比計算 MD5sum 值消耗更多的 CPU，使用 MD5sum 值來驗證每一個軟體"
"包，使用加密簽名來驗證頂層的 \"<literal>Release</literal>\" 檔案，這種方式提"
"供 <ulink url=\"&thegoodsecuritywththeperformance;\">較好安全性的同時，也有比"
"較好的效能</ulink> (參見 <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Archive level \"Release\" files"
msgstr "檔案庫層的“Release”檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files are used for the rule "
"of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"檔案庫層的“<literal>Release</literal>”檔案將用作"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>的規則。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are archive level \"<literal>Release</literal>\" files for all archive "
"locations specified by \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/"
"apt/sources.list</literal>\", such as \"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/"
"debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</"
"literal>\" as follows."
msgstr ""
"歸檔層次的 \"<literal>Release</literal>\" 檔案，其全部歸檔位置在 \"<literal>/"
"etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"中的 \"<literal>deb</literal>\"行中指定，如以"
"下的 \"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-"
"amd64/Release</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/"
"sid/main/binary-amd64/Release</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Architecture: amd64"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For \"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" stanza, suite names "
#| "(\"<literal>stable</literal>\", \"<literal>testing</literal>\", "
#| "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url="
#| "\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> while codenames "
#| "(\"<literal>dapper</literal>\", \"<literal>feisty</literal>\", "
#| "\"<literal>gutsy</literal>\", \"<literal>hardy</literal>\", "
#| "\"<literal>intrepid</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url="
#| "\"&theubuntuarchive;\">the Ubuntu archive</ulink>."
msgid ""
"For \"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" stanza, suite names (\"<literal>stable</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>testing</literal>\", \"<literal>unstable</literal>\", "
"…) are used in <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\">the Debian archive</ulink> "
"while codenames (\"<literal>trusty</literal>\", \"<literal>xenial</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>artful</literal>\", …) are used in <ulink url="
"\"&theubuntuarchive;\">the Ubuntu archive</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"對於\"<literal>Archive:</literal>\" 章節，系列名稱(\"<literal>stable</"
"literal>\"，\"<literal>testing</literal>\"，\"<literal>unstable</literal>\", "
"…) 用於 <ulink url=\"&thedebianarchive;\"> Debian archive</ulink> ，而代號 "
"(\"<literal>dapper</literal>\"，\"<literal>feisty</literal>"
"\"，\"<literal>gutsy</literal>\"， \"<literal>hardy</literal>"
"\"，\"<literal>intrepid</literal>\", …) 用於 <ulink url=\"&theubuntuarchive;"
"\"> Ubuntu archive</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For some archives, such as <literal>experimental</literal>, and "
"<literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal>, which contain packages which "
"should not be installed automatically, there is an extra line, e.g., "
"\"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/binary-amd64/"
"Release</literal>\" as follows."
msgstr ""
"對於部分檔案庫,比如說 <literal>experimental</literal> 和 <literal>&codename-"
"stable;-backports</literal>, 它們包含的軟體包不會被自動安裝，這是因為有額外的"
"行，例如在 \"<literal>http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/main/"
"binary-amd64/Release</literal>\" 裡面有如下額外的一行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Archive: experimental\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"NotAutomatic: yes\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Architecture: amd64"
msgstr ""
"Archive: experimental\n"
"Origin: Debian\n"
"Label: Debian\n"
"NotAutomatic: yes\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Architecture: amd64"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that for normal archives without \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</"
"literal>\", the default Pin-Priority value is 500, while for special "
"archives with \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", the default Pin-"
"Priority value is 1 (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <xref linkend="
"\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"請注意，普通的檔案庫沒有 \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\", 預設的 "
"Pin-Priority 值是 500, 而對於有 \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"的特"
"殊檔案庫, 預設的 Pin-Priority 值是 1 (參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/"
">)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Fetching of the meta data for the package"
msgstr "獲取用於軟體包的元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When APT tools, such as <literal>aptitude</literal>, <literal>apt-get</"
"literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, <literal>apt-file</literal>, "
"<literal>auto-apt</literal>, … are used, we need to update the local copies "
"of the meta data containing the Debian archive information. These local "
"copies have following file names corresponding to the specified "
"<literal>distribution</literal>, <literal>area</literal>, and "
"<literal>architecture</literal> names in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources."
"list</literal>\" (see <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"當使用 APT 工具時，如 <literal>aptitude</literal>, <literal>apt-get</"
"literal>, <literal>synaptic</literal>, <literal>apt-file</literal>, "
"<literal>auto-apt</literal>，我們需要更新包含 Debian 檔案庫資訊元資料的本地拷"
"貝。這些本地拷貝的檔名稱，和在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" "
"檔案裡面的 <literal>distribution</literal>, <literal>area</literal>, "
"<literal>architecture</literal> 相應名稱一致。 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_Release</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_Release</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_Release.gpg</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_&lt;area&gt;_binary-&lt;architecture&gt;_Packages</literal>"
"\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_&lt;area&gt;_binary-&lt;architecture&gt;_Packages</literal>"
"\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_&lt;area&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/apt/lists/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_&lt;area&gt;_source_Sources</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" (for "
"<literal>apt-file</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/apt-file/deb.debian.org_debian_dists_&lt;"
"distribution&gt;_Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" (<literal>apt-"
"file</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"First 4 types of files are shared by all the pertinent APT commands and "
"updated from command line by \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\".  The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" "
"meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb</literal>\" line in "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\". The \"<literal>Sources</"
"literal>\" meta data are updated if there is the \"<literal>deb-src</literal>"
"\" line in \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"前 4 種類型的檔案是所有相關的 APT 命令共享的，並且可以通過 “<literal>apt-get "
"update</literal>” 或 “<literal>aptitude update</literal>” 在命令列中進行更"
"新。如果在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 中有相應的 "
"“<literal>deb</literal>” 行，則 “<literal>軟體包</literal>” 元資料會進行更"
"新。如果在 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 中有相應的 "
"“<literal>deb-src</literal>” 行，則 “<literal>原始碼</literal>” 元資料會進行"
"更新。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" meta "
"data contain \"<literal>Filename:</literal>\" stanza pointing to the file "
"location of the binary and source packages.  Currently, these packages are "
"located under the \"<literal>pool/</literal>\" directory tree for the "
"improved transition over the releases."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>Packages</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" 的元資料檔"
"案包含有“<literal>Filename:</literal>”欄位，指向二進位制和原始碼包檔案的位"
"置。目前，這些軟體包都統一放在\"<literal>pool/</literal>\"目錄樹下，這樣可以"
"改善跨版本釋出的傳輸。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Local copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" meta data can be "
"interactively searched with the help of <literal>aptitude</literal>.  The "
"specialized search command <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can search local "
"copies of \"<literal>Packages</literal>\" and \"<literal>Sources</literal>\" "
"meta data."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>軟體包</literal>”元資料的本地副本可以使用 <literal>aptitude</"
"literal> 來進行互動式的搜尋。專門的搜尋命令 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以搜尋“<literal>軟體包</literal>”和“<literal>原始"
"碼</literal>”元資料的本地副本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Local copy of \"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>\" meta data "
"can be updated by \"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\" and its location is "
"different from other 4 ones. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-file</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. (The <literal>auto-"
"apt</literal> uses different location for local copy of \"<literal>Contents-"
"&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\" as default.)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;</literal>\"元資料的本地拷貝，能夠被"
"\"<literal>apt-file update</literal>\"更新，它的位置和其它 4 個不同。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-file</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. (<literal>auto-apt</literal> 的 "
"\"<literal>Contents-&lt;architecture&gt;.gz</literal>\"檔案的本地拷貝預設也使"
"用不同的位置。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The package state for APT"
msgstr "APT 的軟體包狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the APT tool after "
"<literal>lenny</literal> stores its locally generated installation state "
"information in the \"<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>\" which "
"is used by all APT tools to track all auto installed packages."
msgstr ""
"除了遠端獲取元資料，<literal>lenny</literal> 之後的 APT 工具還會將它在本地產"
"生的安裝狀態資訊儲存在 “<literal>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</literal>” 中，"
"APT 會使用它們來追蹤自動安裝的所有軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The package state for aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude 的軟體包狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In addition to the remotely fetched meta data, the <literal>aptitude</"
"literal> command stores its locally generated installation state information "
"in the \"<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>\" which is used only "
"by it."
msgstr ""
"除了遠端獲取元資料，<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令還會將它在本地產生的安裝"
"狀態資訊儲存在 “<literal>/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates</literal>” 中，這些資訊"
"只能被 aptitude 使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Local copies of the fetched packages"
msgstr "獲取的軟體包的本地副本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"All the remotely fetched packages via APT mechanism are stored in the "
"\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives</literal>\" until they are cleaned."
msgstr ""
"所有通過 APT 機制遠端獲取的軟體包都被儲存在 “<literal>/var/cache/apt/"
"archives</literal>” 中，直到它們被清除。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This cache file cleaning policy for <literal>aptitude</literal> can be set "
"under \"<literal>Options</literal>\" → \"<literal>Preferences</literal>\" "
"and it may be forced by its menu \"<literal>Clean package cache</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>Clean obsolete files</literal>\" under \"<literal>Actions</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aptitude</literal> 的這個快取檔案清理策略，能夠在"
"\"<literal>Options</literal>\" → \"<literal>Preferences</literal>\"下設定，也"
"可以通過它的選單，\"<literal>Actions</literal>\"下的\"<literal>Clean package "
"cache</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>Clean obsolete files</literal>\" 來執行強制清"
"理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debian package file names"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包檔名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Debian package files have particular name structures."
msgstr "Debian 軟體包檔案有特定的名稱結構。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The name structure of Debian packages"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包的名稱結構"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "package type"
msgstr "軟體包型別"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "name structure"
msgstr "名稱結構"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The binary package (a.k.a <literal>deb</literal>)"
msgstr "二進位制軟體包（亦稱 <literal>deb</literal>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.deb</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.deb</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The binary package for debian-installer (a.k.a <literal>udeb</literal>)"
msgstr "用於 debian-installer 的二進位制軟體包（亦稱 <literal>udeb</literal>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.udeb</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;-&lt;architecture&gt;.udeb</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The source package (upstream source)"
msgstr "原始碼軟體包（上游原始碼）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.orig.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.orig.tar.gz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The <literal>1.0</literal> source package (Debian changes)"
msgstr "<literal>1.0</literal> 原始碼軟體包(Debian 改變)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.diff.gz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The <literal>3.0 (quilt)</literal> source package (Debian changes)"
msgstr "<literal>3.0 (quilt 補丁管理工具)</literal> 原始碼軟體包(Debian 改變)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.debian.tar.gz</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.debian.tar.gz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The source package (description)"
msgstr "原始碼軟體包（說明）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.dsc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;_&lt;epoch&gt;:&lt;upstream-version&gt;-&lt;"
"debian.version&gt;.dsc</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Here only the basic source package formats are described.  See more on "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-source</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"這裡僅敘述了基本的原始碼包格式。更多內容請參考 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-source</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包名稱中每一個元件可以使用的字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "name component"
msgstr "名稱元件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "usable characters (regex)"
msgstr "可用的字元（正則表示式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "existence"
msgstr "存在狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,+,-]+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,+,-]+</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "required"
msgstr "必需"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;epoch&gt;:</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;epoch&gt;:</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[0-9]+:</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "optional"
msgstr "可選"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;upstream-version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;upstream-version&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,+,-,:]+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,+,-,:]+</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;debian.version&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;debian.version&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,+,~]+</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>[a-z,A-Z,0-9,.,+,~]+</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"You can check package version order by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, e.g., \"<literal>dpkg "
"--compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\" ."
msgstr ""
"你可以用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>提供的命令檢查軟體包版本, 例如., \"<literal>dpkg --"
"compare-versions 7.0 gt 7.~pre1 ; echo $?</literal>\" ."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">The debian-installer (d-i)</ulink> "
"uses <literal>udeb</literal> as the file extension for its binary package "
"instead of normal <literal>deb</literal>.  An <literal>udeb</literal> "
"package is a stripped down <literal>deb</literal> package which removes few "
"non-essential contents such as documentation to save space while relaxing "
"the package policy requirements.  Both <literal>deb</literal> and "
"<literal>udeb</literal> packages share the same package structure.  The "
"\"<literal>u</literal>\" stands for micro."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstallerdi;\">debian-installer (d-i)</ulink> 使用 "
"<literal>udeb</literal> 作為它的二進位制軟體包的副檔名，而非普通的 "
"<literal>deb</literal>。一個 <literal>udeb</literal> 軟體包是從 "
"<literal>deb</literal> 軟體包中剝離了一些不必要的內容（例如文件），從而節省空"
"間同時也放寬軟體包政策的要求。<literal>deb</literal> 和 <literal>udeb</"
"literal> 軟體包會共享相同的軟體包結構。“<literal>u</literal>” 表示微小。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The dpkg command"
msgstr "dpkg 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is the lowest level tool for the Debian package management.  "
"This is very powerful and needs to be used with care."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是 Debian 軟體包管理中最底層的工具。它非常強大，必須小心使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"While installing package called \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>\", "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> process it in the following order."
msgstr ""
"當安裝名為 “<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>” 的軟體包時，"
"<literal>dpkg</literal> 會按照下列的順序處理它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Unpack the deb file (\"<literal>ar -x</literal>\" equivalent)"
msgstr "解包 deb 檔案（等同於 “<literal>ar -x</literal>”）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execute \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\" using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 執行 “<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</"
"literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Install the package content to the system (\"<literal>tar -x</literal>\" "
"equivalent)"
msgstr "將軟體包安裝到系統中（等同於 “<literal>tar -x</literal>”）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execute \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\" using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 執行 “<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</"
"literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>debconf</literal> system provides standardized user interaction "
"with I18N and L10N (<xref linkend=\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>) supports."
msgstr ""
"<literal>debconf</literal> 系統提供帶有 I18N 和 L10N （<xref linkend="
"\"_i18n_and_l10n\"/>）支援的標準化使用者互動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The notable files created by <literal>dpkg</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dpkg</literal> 建立的重要檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of contents"
msgstr "內容說明"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.conffiles</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.conffiles</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list of configuration files. (user modifiable)"
msgstr "列出配置檔案。（使用者可修改的）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.list</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.list</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list of files and directories installed by the package"
msgstr "列出軟體包安裝的所有檔案和目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.md5sums</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.md5sums</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list of MD5 hash values for files installed by the package"
msgstr "列出軟體包安裝的檔案的 MD5 雜湊值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package script to be run before the package installation"
msgstr "軟體包安裝之前執行的軟體包指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package script to be run after the package installation"
msgstr "軟體包安裝之後執行的軟體包指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package script to be run before the package removal"
msgstr "軟體包移除之前執行的軟體包指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package script to be run after the package removal"
msgstr "軟體包移除之後執行的軟體包指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.config</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.config</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "package script for <literal>debconf</literal> system"
msgstr "用於 <literal>debconf</literal> 系統的軟體包指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"the alternative information used by the <literal>update-alternatives</"
"literal> command"
msgstr "<literal>update-alternatives</literal> 命令使用的替代資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the availability information for all the package"
msgstr "所有軟體包的可用性資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/diversions</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"the diversions information used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and set by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-divert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用的檔案移動資訊，由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-"
"divert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/statoverride</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"the stat override information used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and set by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-statoverride</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用的檔案狀態改變資訊，由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-"
"statoverride</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the status information for all the packages"
msgstr "所有軟體包的狀態資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"the first-generation backup of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>"
"\" file"
msgstr "“<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>” 檔案的第一代備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status*</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"the second-generation backup and older ones of the \"<literal>var/lib/dpkg/"
"status</literal>\" file"
msgstr "第二代備份，以及“<literal>var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>”檔案更舊的備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>status</literal>\" file is also used by the tools such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, \"<literal>dselect update</literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get -"
"u dselect-upgrade</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>status</literal>” 檔案也被例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>、“<literal>dselect "
"update</literal>” 和 “<literal>apt-get -u dselect-upgrade</literal>” 等工具使"
"用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The specialized search command <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can search the local "
"copies of \"<literal>status</literal>\" and \"<literal>available</literal>\" "
"meta data."
msgstr ""
"專門的搜尋命令 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以搜尋 "
"“<literal>status</literal>” 和 “<literal>available</literal>” 元資料的本地副"
"本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"In <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the debian-installer</ulink> "
"environment, the <literal>udpkg</literal> command is used to open "
"<literal>udeb</literal> packages.  The <literal>udpkg</literal> command is a "
"stripped down version of the <literal>dpkg</literal> command."
msgstr ""
"在<ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">debian 安裝器</ulink>環境下, "
"<literal>udpkg</literal> 命令用於開啟<literal>udeb</literal> 軟體包，"
"<literal>udpkg</literal> 命令是 <literal>dpkg</literal> 命令的一個精簡版本."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The update-alternatives command"
msgstr "update-alternatives 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system has mechanism to install somewhat overlapping programs "
"peacefully using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-alternatives</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  For example, you can "
"make the <literal>vi</literal> command select to run <literal>vim</literal> "
"while installing both <literal>vim</literal> and <literal>nvi</literal> "
"packages."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-alternatives</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 讓使用者可以不受干擾地"
"安裝多種重疊的程式。例如，如果同時安裝了 <literal>vim</literal> 和 "
"<literal>nvi</literal> 軟體包，你可以使 <literal>vi</literal> 命令選擇執行 "
"<literal>vim</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n"
"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -&gt; /etc/alternatives/vi\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n"
"  Selection    Command\n"
" ----------------------------------------------\n"
"      1        /usr/bin/vim\n"
"*+    2        /usr/bin/nvi\n"
"\n"
"Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -l $(type -p vi)\n"
"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-03-24 19:05 /usr/bin/vi -&gt; /etc/alternatives/vi\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --display vi\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo update-alternatives --config vi\n"
"  Selection    Command\n"
" ----------------------------------------------\n"
"      1        /usr/bin/vim\n"
"*+    2        /usr/bin/nvi\n"
"\n"
"Enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian alternatives system keeps its selection as symlinks in "
"\"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\".  The selection process uses "
"corresponding file in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"Debian 選擇系統在 \"<literal>/etc/alternatives/</literal>\" 目錄裡通過符號連"
"結來維持它的選擇。選擇程序使用\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/</"
"literal>\"目錄裡面的相應檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The dpkg-statoverride command"
msgstr "dpkg-statoverride 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Stat overrides</emphasis> provided by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-statoverride</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command are a way to tell "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to use a different owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">file</emphasis> when a package is installed. If \"<literal>--update</"
"literal>\" is specified and file exists, it is immediately set to the new "
"owner and mode."
msgstr ""
"當安裝一個軟體包時，由 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-statoverride</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令提供的 <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">狀態修改</emphasis>，是告訴"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 對 <emphasis role=\"strong\">檔案</emphasis> 使用不同的屬主或許"
"可權的一個方法。如果使用了 \"<literal>--update</literal>\" 選項，並且檔案存"
"在，則該檔案會被立即設定為新的屬主和模式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The direct alteration of owner or mode for a <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</"
"emphasis> owned by the package using <literal>chmod</literal> or "
"<literal>chown</literal> commands by the system administrator is reset by "
"the next upgrade of the package."
msgstr ""
"系統管理員使用 <literal>chmod</literal> 或 <literal>chown</literal> 命令直接"
"修改某個軟體包<emphasis role=\"strong\">檔案</emphasis>的屬主或許可權，將會在"
"下次軟體包升級時，被重置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"I use the word <emphasis role=\"strong\">file</emphasis> here, but in "
"reality this can be any filesystem object that <literal>dpkg</literal> "
"handles, including directories, devices, etc."
msgstr ""
"本人在此使用了<emphasis role=\"strong\">檔案</emphasis> 一詞，但事實上也可用"
"於<literal>dpkg</literal> 所處理的任何檔案系統物件，包括目錄，裝置等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The dpkg-divert command"
msgstr "dpkg-divert  命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"File <emphasis role=\"strong\">diversions</emphasis> provided by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-divert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command are a way of forcing "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> not to install a file into its default location, but to a "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">diverted</emphasis> location.  The use of "
"<literal>dpkg-divert</literal> is meant for the package maintenance "
"scripts.  Its casual use by the system administrator is deprecated."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-divert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令提供的檔案<emphasis role=\"strong\">轉移</"
"emphasis>，是迫使 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 將檔案不安裝到其預設位"
"置，而是安裝到<emphasis role=\"strong\">轉移</emphasis> 的位置。"
"<literal>dpkg-divert</literal> 是軟體包維護指令碼。不建議系統管理員使用這個命"
"令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Recovery from a broken system"
msgstr "從損壞的系統中恢復"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When running <literal>unstable</literal> system, the administrator is "
"expected to recover from broken package management situation."
msgstr ""
"當執行 <literal>unstable</literal> 系統，系統管理員會遇到從錯誤的軟體包管理進"
"行恢復的情形。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Some methods described here are high risk actions.  You have been warned!"
msgstr "下面的一些方法具有很高的風險。在此先對你進行警告！"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Incompatibility with old user configuration"
msgstr "不相容舊的使用者配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If a desktop GUI program experienced instability after significant upstream "
"version upgrade, you should suspect interferences with old local "
"configuration files created by it. If it is stable under a newly created "
"user account, this hypothesis is confirmed.  (This is a bug of packaging and "
"usually avoided by the packager.)"
msgstr ""
"如果一個桌面 GUI 程式在重要的上游版本升級後變得不穩定，你應該懷疑這是舊的本地"
"配置檔案（由它建立的）所導致的。如果它在新建的使用者賬號下執行穩定，那麼這個"
"假設就得到了證實。（這是一個打包的 bug 並且打包者通常會避免它。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To recover stability, you should move corresponding local configuration "
"files and restart the GUI program.  You may need to read old configuration "
"file contents to recover configuration information later.  (Do not erase "
"them too quickly.)"
msgstr ""
"為了恢復穩定，你應該移除相應的本地配置檔案並重新啟動 GUI 程式。你可能需要閱讀"
"舊的配置檔案內容以便之後恢復配置資訊。（別將它們刪得太快了。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Different packages with overlapped files"
msgstr "具有相同檔案的不同軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Archive level package management systems, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, do not even try to "
"install packages with overlapped files using package dependencies (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"文件級的軟體包管理系統，比如說 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, 使用軟體包依賴，當出現相同檔案時，不會嘗試去安裝軟"
"體包。(參見 <xref linkend=\"_package_dependencies\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Errors by the package maintainer or deployment of inconsistently mixed "
"source of archives (see <xref linkend="
"\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) by the system administrator "
"may create a situation with incorrectly defined package dependencies. When "
"you install a package with overlapped files using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> under such a "
"situation, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> which unpacks package ensures to return error to "
"the calling program without overwriting existing files."
msgstr ""
"軟體包維護者的錯誤，或者系統管理員配置了不一致的檔案庫混合源，(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>)，都會出現不正確的軟體"
"包依賴情況。如果在出現相同檔案的情況下，你通過 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 安裝軟體包，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 在對軟體包解包時，確定會給呼叫程式返回錯誤，並不會覆蓋已經存在"
"的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The use of third party packages introduces significant system risks via "
"maintainer scripts which are run with root privilege and can do anything to "
"your system.  The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command only protects "
"against overwriting by the unpacking."
msgstr ""
"使用第三方軟體包會導致重大的系統風險，因為其通過使用 root 許可權執行維護者指"
"令碼能夠對你的系統做任何事。<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令只防止解包時的覆蓋"
"行為。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can work around such broken installation by removing the old offending "
"package, <literal>&lt;old-package&gt;</literal>, first."
msgstr ""
"可以先通過刪除舊的令人討厭的軟體包，<literal>&lt;old-package&gt;</literal>，"
"來解決這類錯誤的安裝問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo dpkg -P &lt;old-package&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Fixing broken package script"
msgstr "修復損壞的軟體包指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When a command in the package script returns error for some reason and the "
"script exits with error, the package management system aborts their action "
"and ends up with partially installed packages.  When a package contains bugs "
"in its removal scripts, the package may become impossible to remove and "
"quite nasty."
msgstr ""
"當軟體包指令碼中的一個命令由於某些原因返回錯誤，指令碼也將由於錯誤而退出，軟"
"體包管理系統忽略它們的行為，並導致部分安裝的軟體包。當一個軟體包在它的刪除指"
"令碼中有錯誤時，該軟體包將會成為不可能刪除的軟體包，處理這些問題，都會變得相"
"當棘手。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the package script problem of \"<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>"
"\", you should look into following package scripts."
msgstr ""
"對於 “<literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal>” 的軟體包指令碼問題，你應該檢視"
"下列的軟體包指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.preinst</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postinst</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.prerm</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/info/&lt;package_name&gt;.postrm</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Edit the offending package script from the root using following techniques."
msgstr "使用下列的方法，以 root 編輯損壞的軟體包指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "disable the offending line by preceding \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgstr "在行首新增 “<literal>#</literal>” 可以禁用出錯的行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"force to return success by appending the offending line with \"<literal>|| "
"true</literal>\""
msgstr "在出錯行的行尾新增 “<literal>|| true</literal>” 可以強制返回成功"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Configure all partially installed packages with the following command."
msgstr "使用下列命令來配置所有部分安裝的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --configure -a"
msgstr "# dpkg --configure -a"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Rescue with the dpkg command"
msgstr "使用 dpkg 命令進行救援"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since <literal>dpkg</literal> is very low level package tool, it can "
"function under the very bad situation such as unbootable system without "
"network connection.  Let's assume <literal>foo</literal> package was broken "
"and needs to be replaced."
msgstr ""
"因為 <literal>dpkg</literal> 是非常底層的軟體包工具，它可以在很糟糕的情況下進"
"行工作，例如無法啟動系統且沒有網路連線。讓我們假定 <literal>foo</literal> 軟"
"體包損壞了，並且需要更換。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "You may still find cached copies of older bug free version of "
#| "<literal>foo</literal> package in the package cache directory: "
#| "\"<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives/</literal>\".  (If not, you can "
#| "download it from archive of <ulink url=\"&httpssnapshotdebianorg;"
#| "\">https://snapshot.debian.org/</ulink> or copy it from package cache of "
#| "a functioning machine.)"
msgid ""
"You may still find cached copies of older bug free version of <literal>foo</"
"literal> package in the package cache directory: \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/"
"archives/</literal>\".  (If not, you can download it from archive of <ulink "
"url=\"&httpssnapshotdebianorg;\">https://snapshot.debian.org/</ulink> or "
"copy it from package cache of a functioning machine.)"
msgstr ""
"你可以在軟體包快取目錄：“<literal>/var/cache/apt/archives/</literal>” 中找到"
"舊的 <literal>foo</literal> 軟體包的無 bug 版本。（如果找不到，你可以從檔案"
"庫 <ulink url=\"&httpssnapshotdebiannet;\">https://snapshot.debian.net/</"
"ulink> 中下載它，或從具有軟體包快取功能的機器中拷貝它。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you can boot the system, you may install it by the following command."
msgstr "如果你能夠啟動系統，你可以通過下列命令來安裝它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr "# dpkg -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If system breakage is minor, you may alternatively downgrade the whole "
"system as in <xref linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/> using the higher "
"level APT system."
msgstr ""
"如果你係統損壞較小，你也可以使用更高層的 APT 系統來降級整個系統，就像 <xref "
"linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/> 中做的那樣。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If your system is unbootable from hard disk, you should seek other ways to "
"boot it."
msgstr "如果你的系統無法從硬碟啟動，你應該尋找其它方式來啟動它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Boot the system using the debian-installer CD in rescue mode."
msgstr "使用 Debian 安裝光碟以救援模式啟動系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Mount the unbootable system on the hard disk to \"<literal>/target</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr "將硬碟上無法啟動的系統掛載到 “<literal>/target</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Install older version of <literal>foo</literal> package by the following."
msgstr "通過下列命令安裝舊版本的 <literal>foo</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg --root /target -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"
msgstr "# dpkg --root /target -i /path/to/foo_&lt;old_version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This example works even if the <literal>dpkg</literal> command on the hard "
"disk is broken."
msgstr ""
"即使位於硬碟上的 <literal>dpkg</literal> 命令已損壞，該命令依舊可以執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Any GNU/Linux system started by another system on hard disk, live GNU/Linux "
"CD, bootable USB-key drive, or netboot can be used similarly to rescue "
"broken system."
msgstr ""
"任何由硬碟、live GNU/Linux CD、可啟動的 USB 驅動或網路啟動上的另一系統啟動的 "
"GNU/Linux 系統到可以類似地用來救援損壞的系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If attempting to install a package this way fails due to some dependency "
"violations and you really need to do this as the last resort, you can "
"override dependency using <literal>dpkg</literal>'s \"<literal>--ignore-"
"depends</literal>\", \"<literal>--force-depends</literal>\" and other "
"options.  If you do this, you need to make serious effort to restore proper "
"dependency later. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"如果由於依賴問題，無法用這種方式安裝軟體包，並且你真的必須真麼做，你可以使用 "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> 的 “<literal>--ignore-depends</"
"literal>”、“<literal>--force-depends</literal>” 和其它選項來無視依賴。如果你"
"這麼做了，之後你必須認真努力地修復依賴關係。更多細節參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If your system is seriously broken, you should make a full backup of system "
"to a safe place (see <xref linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>) and should "
"perform a clean installation.  This is less time consuming and produces "
"better results in the end."
msgstr ""
"如果你的系統嚴重損壞了，你應該將系統完整備份到一個安全的地方（參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>）並進行一次全新的安裝。這是耗時較少且效果"
"較好的辦法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recovering package selection data"
msgstr "恢復軟體包選擇資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" becomes corrupt for any "
"reason, the Debian system loses package selection data and suffers "
"severely.  Look for the old \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>\" file "
"at \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status-old</literal>\" or \"<literal>/var/"
"backups/dpkg.status.*</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果 “<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>” 因為某種原因出現錯誤，Debian "
"系統會丟失軟體包選擇資料並受到嚴重影響。尋找位於 “<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/"
"status-old</literal>” 或 “<literal>/var/backups/dpkg.status.*</literal>” 中舊"
"的 “<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/status</literal>” 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Keeping \"<literal>/var/backups/</literal>\" in a separate partition may be "
"a good idea since this directory contains lots of important system data."
msgstr ""
"給 “<literal>/var/backups/</literal>” 分配一個單獨的分割槽是一個好習慣，因為"
"這個目錄包含了許多重要的系統資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For serious breakage, I recommend to make fresh re-install after making "
"backup of the system. Even if everything in \"<literal>/var/</literal>\" is "
"gone, you can still recover some information from directories in \"<literal>/"
"usr/share/doc/</literal>\" to guide your new installation."
msgstr ""
"對於嚴重的損壞，我建議備份系統後重新安裝。即使失去 “<literal>/var/</"
"literal>” 中的所有資料，你依舊可以從 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/</literal>” 目"
"錄恢復一些資訊來引導你進行新的安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Reinstall minimal (desktop) system."
msgstr "重新安裝最小（桌面）系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mkdir -p /path/to/old/system"
msgstr "# mkdir -p /path/to/old/system"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Mount old system at \"<literal>/path/to/old/system/</literal>\"."
msgstr "將舊系統掛載到 “<literal>/path/to/old/system/</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /path/to/old/system/usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd /usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;&gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd\n"
"# sort ls1.txt | uniq | less"
msgstr ""
"# cd /path/to/old/system/usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd /usr/share/doc\n"
"# ls -1 &gt;&gt;~/ls1.txt\n"
"# cd\n"
"# sort ls1.txt | uniq | less"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Then you are presented with package names to install.  (There may be some "
"non-package names such as \"<literal>texmf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""
"然後你就可以根據軟體包名稱來進行安裝了。（可能會有一些非軟體包名稱，例如 "
"“<literal>texmf</literal>”。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Tips for the package management"
msgstr "軟體包管理技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "How to pick Debian packages"
msgstr "如何挑選 Debian 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can seek packages which satisfy your needs with <literal>aptitude</"
"literal> from the package description or from the list under \"Tasks\"."
msgstr ""
"你可以根據 <literal>aptitude</literal> 這個包管理工具中的軟體包描述或者是任務"
"面板下的列表資訊，來查詢你所需要的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you encounter more than 2 similar packages and wonder which one to "
"install without \"trial and error\" efforts, you should use some <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">common sense</emphasis>.  I consider following points are "
"good indications of preferred packages."
msgstr ""
"當遇到2個以上的類似的軟體包時，先前沒有經過反覆的嘗試，你不知道安裝哪一個的時"
"候，應該用<emphasis role=\"strong\">常識</emphasis>來判斷。我認為以下幾點是首"
"選的軟體包應該具有的特徵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Essential: yes &gt; no"
msgstr "重要性：是 &gt; 否"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Area: main &gt; contrib &gt; non-free"
msgstr "型別：main &gt;  contrib &gt;  non-free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Priority: required &gt; important &gt; standard &gt; optional &gt; extra"
msgstr "優先順序：需要 &gt; 重要 &gt; 標準 &gt; 可選 &gt; 額外"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Tasks: packages listed in tasks such as \"Desktop environment\""
msgstr "任務：在任務下有軟體包的列表資訊，例如 “桌面環境”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Packages selected by the dependency package (e.g., <literal>python2.4</"
"literal> by <literal>python</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"軟體包是被與之有依賴關係的軟體包所選擇的（例如 <literal> python2.4</literal> "
"依賴 <literal> python</literal>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Popcon: higher in the vote and install number"
msgstr "流行度：在投票或者安裝指數上有著更高的分數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Changelog: regular updates by the maintainer"
msgstr "更新日誌：維護者經常的更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "BTS: No RC bugs (no critical, no grave, and no serious bugs)"
msgstr "BTS (缺陷跟蹤系統):沒有 RC 級別的缺陷（沒有危險、重大嚴重的缺陷）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "BTS: responsive maintainer to bug reports"
msgstr "BTS (缺陷跟蹤系統):有維護者對缺陷報告反饋"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "BTS: higher number of the recently fixed bugs"
msgstr "BTS (缺陷跟蹤系統): 有著更多的近期修復的 bug 數目"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "BTS: lower number of remaining non-wishlist bugs"
msgstr "BTS (缺陷跟蹤系統):遺留的非嚴重（non-wishlist）缺陷數量較少"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian being a volunteer project with distributed development model, its "
"archive contains many packages with different focus and quality.  You must "
"make your own decision what to do with them."
msgstr ""
"Debian 是一個使用分散式開發模式的志願專案，它的檔案庫包含了許多不同關注點和不"
"同質量的軟體包。你必須做出自己的選擇。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Packages from mixed source of archives"
msgstr "混合源檔案庫中的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Installing packages from mixed source of archives is not supported by the "
"official Debian distribution except for officially supported particular "
"combinations of archives such as <literal>stable</literal> with <ulink url="
"\"&securityupdates;\">security updates</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&codenamestableupdates;\">&codename-stable;-updates</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"從混合源檔案庫中安裝軟體包是不被 Debian 官方發行版所支援的，除了官方支援的檔"
"案庫的特殊組合以外，例如 <literal>stable</literal> 的 <ulink url="
"\"&securityupdates;\">security updates</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&codenamestableupdates;\">&codename-stable;-updates</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an example of operations to include specific newer upstream version "
"packages found in <literal>unstable</literal> while tracking "
"<literal>testing</literal> for single occasion."
msgstr ""
"這裡有一個列子，在原有隻跟蹤 <literal>testing</literal> 的場景，操作包含在 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 裡發現的新的上游軟體包版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Change the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file temporarily to "
"single \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" entry."
msgstr ""
"臨時更改 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\"  檔案，使之指向單一的 "
"\"<literal>unstable</literal>\" 發行版路徑。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\"."
msgstr "執行 \"<literal>aptitude update</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"執行 \"<literal>aptitude install &lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Recover the original \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file for "
"<literal>testing</literal>."
msgstr ""
"恢復到原始 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案，使之指向 "
"<literal>testing</literal> 路徑。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file nor "
"need to worry about apt-pinning with this manual approach.  But this is very "
"cumbersome."
msgstr ""
"使用這個手工方法，你不需要建立 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔"
"案，也不需要擔心 apt-pinning。但這個方法仍然是非常麻煩的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"When using mixed source of archives, you must ensure compatibility of "
"packages by yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it. If package "
"incompatibility exists, you may break system. You must be able to judge "
"these technical requirements. The use of mixed source of random archives is "
"completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you "
"to use."
msgstr ""
"當使用混合檔案源的時候，因為 Debian 不會確保軟體之間的相容性，所以你必須自己"
"去解決相容性問題。如果軟體之間存在不相容性，系統可能會損壞。你必須能夠判斷這"
"些操作所需的技術要求。使用任意混合的檔案源是完全可選的操作，我並不鼓勵你去使"
"用它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"General rules for installing packages from different archives are the "
"following."
msgstr "從不同的檔案庫中安裝軟體包的一般規則如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Non-binary packages (\"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") are <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">safer</emphasis> to install."
msgstr ""
"非二進位制軟體包 (\"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") 的安裝是"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">更保險的</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "documentation packages: no special requirements"
msgstr "文件軟體包：沒有特別的要求"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "interpreter program packages: compatible interpreter must be available"
msgstr "解釋程式的軟體包：相容的直譯器必須是可用的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Binary packages (non \"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\") usually face "
"many road blocks and are <emphasis role=\"strong\">unsafe</emphasis> to "
"install."
msgstr ""
"二進位制軟體包 (non \"<literal>Architecture: all</literal>\")通常會面臨很多障"
"礙，它的安裝<emphasis role=\"strong\">不保險的</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "library version compatibility (including \"<literal>libc</literal>\")"
msgstr "庫檔案版本的相容性（包括 \"<literal>libc</literal>\"）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "related utility program version compatibility"
msgstr "與之相關的有用的程式版本的相容性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Kernel <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr "核心 <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> 的相容性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "C++ <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility"
msgstr "C++ <ulink url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> 的相容性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "…"
msgstr "…"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"In order to make a package to be <emphasis role=\"strong\">safer</emphasis> "
"to install, some commercial non-free binary program packages may be provided "
"with completely statically linked libraries.  You should still check <ulink "
"url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> compatibility issues etc. for them."
msgstr ""
"為了使軟體包的安裝變得<emphasis role=\"strong\">更保險</emphasis> ，一些商業"
"的非自由的二進位制程式包可能會提供完整的靜態連結庫。你還是應該檢查 <ulink "
"url=\"&abi;\">ABI</ulink> 的相容性問題等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Except to avoid broken package for a short term, installing binary packages "
"from officially unsupported archives is generally bad idea.  This is true "
"even if you use apt-pinning (see <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version"
"\"/>).  You should consider chroot or similar techniques (see <xref linkend="
"\"_virtualized_system\"/>) to run programs from different archives."
msgstr ""
"為避免短期出現壞的軟體包，從非官方支援的檔案庫安裝二進位制軟體包通常是一個壞"
"注意。即使你在使用 apt-pinning 情況下，也是這樣的。(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).你應當考慮使用 chroot 或類似技術(參見 "
"<xref linkend=\"_virtualized_system\"/>)來執行不同檔案庫的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Tweaking candidate version"
msgstr "調整候選版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Without the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file, APT system "
"choses the latest available version as the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">candidate version</emphasis> using the version string.  This is the "
"normal state and most recommended usage of APT system.  All officially "
"supported combinations of archives do not require the \"<literal>/etc/apt/"
"preferences</literal>\" file since some archives which should not be used as "
"the automatic source of upgrades are marked as <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> and dealt properly."
msgstr ""
"沒有 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案，APT 系統使用版本字串來"
"選擇最新的可用版本作為 <emphasis role=\"strong\">候選版本</emphasis>。這是通"
"常的狀態，也是 APT 系統最推薦的使用方法。所有官方支援的檔案庫集合，並不要求 "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案，因此，一些不應當被作為自動"
"更新源的軟體包，被標記為 <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis>，"
"並被適當處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The version string comparison rule can be verified with, e.g., "
"\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions ver1.1 gt ver1.1~1; echo $?</literal>"
"\" (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
msgstr ""
"版本字串的比較規則可以被驗證，例子如下，\"<literal>dpkg --compare-versions "
"ver1.1 gt ver1.1~1; echo $?</literal>\" (參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you install packages from mixed source of archives (see <xref linkend="
"\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) regularly, you can automate "
"these complicated operations by creating the \"<literal>/etc/apt/"
"preferences</literal>\" file with proper entries and tweaking the package "
"selection rule for <emphasis role=\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> as "
"described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  This is called "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"如果經常從混合源檔案庫中安裝軟體包 (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>), 你可以通過建立 \"<literal>/"
"etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案並且在其中寫入關於調整<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">候選版本</emphasis>的軟體包選取規則的合適條目 (如"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中所示)來自動化這些複雜的操作。這被稱為 <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Use of apt-pinning by a novice user is sure call for major troubles.  You "
"must avoid using apt-pinning except when you absolutely need it."
msgstr ""
"新手用 apt-pinning 命令會造成比較大的問題。你必須避免使用這個命令除非確實需要"
"它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"When using apt-pinning, you must ensure compatibility of packages by "
"yourself since the Debian does not guarantee it.  The apt-pinning is "
"completely optional operation and its use is not something I encourage you "
"to use."
msgstr ""
"當使用 apt-pinning 命令時，因為 Debian 不會確保軟體之間的相容性，所以你必須自"
"己確認其相容性。apt-pinning 是完全可選的操作，我並不建議去使用它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Archive level Release files (see <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files"
"\"/>) are used for the rule of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  Thus apt-pinning "
"works only with \"suite\" name for <ulink url=\"&normaldebianarchives;"
"\">normal Debian archives</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&securitydebianarchives;"
"\">security Debian archives</ulink>. (This is different from <ulink url="
"\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink> archives.)  For example, you can do "
"\"<literal>Pin: release a=unstable</literal>\" but can not do "
"\"<literal>Pin: release a=sid</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/"
"preferences</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""
"檔案庫層級的 Release 檔案 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files"
"\"/>) 使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的規則.對於 <ulink url="
"\"&normaldebianarchives;\">Debian 通用檔案庫</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&securitydebianarchives;\">Debian 安全檔案庫</ulink>，apt-pinning 只在 "
"\"suite\" 名下工作。(這點和 <ulink url=\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink> 檔案庫不"
"同.)例如，你在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案裡面，可以使用"
"\"<literal>Pin: release a=unstable</literal>\" ，但不能使用 \"<literal>Pin: "
"release a=sid</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"When you use non-Debian archive as a part of apt-pinning, you should check "
"what they are intended for and also check their credibility.  For example, "
"Ubuntu and Debian are not meant to be mixed."
msgstr ""
"當使用非 Debian 的檔案庫作為 apt-pinning 的一部分時，你應該檢查它們的用途和可"
"信度。例如，Ubuntu 和 Debian 是不能混在一起的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Even if you do not create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" "
"file, you can do fairly complex system operations (see <xref linkend="
"\"_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>) without apt-pinning."
msgstr ""
"即使不建立 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案，在不用 apt-"
"pinning 命令的情況下，你也可以進行相當複雜的系統工作 (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command\"/>和<xref linkend="
"\"_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives\"/>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a simplified explanation of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</"
"emphasis> technique."
msgstr ""
"如下是關於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> 技術的簡化說明。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The APT system choses the highest Pin-Priority <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">upgrading</emphasis> package from available package sources defined in "
"the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">candidate version</emphasis> package.  If the Pin-Priority of the "
"package is larger than 1000, this version restriction for <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">upgrading</emphasis> is dropped to enable downgrading (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"可用的軟體包源在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案裡面定義，"
"APT 系統從可用的軟體包源裡面選擇 Pin-Priority 值最大的，作為<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">升級</emphasis> 軟體包的<emphasis role=\"strong\">候選版本</"
"emphasis>.如果一個軟體包的 Pin-Priority 大於 1000,這個版本限制為只能 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">升級</emphasis>，關閉了軟體包降級功能 (參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_emergency_downgrading\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Pin-Priority value of each package is defined by \"Pin-Priority\" entries in "
"the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file or uses its default "
"value."
msgstr ""
"每個軟體包的 Pin-Priority 值是在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" "
"檔案中的 \"Pin-Priority\" 條目中定義或者是使用它的預設值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of notable Pin-Priority values for <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-"
"pinning</emphasis> technique."
msgstr ""
"用於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> 技術的值得注意的 Pin-"
"Priority 值列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Pin-Priority"
msgstr "Pin-Priority"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "apt-pinning effects to the package"
msgstr "apt-pinning 對軟體包的影響"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1001"
msgstr "1001"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "install the package even if this constitutes a downgrade of the package"
msgstr "安裝該軟體包，即使是一個降級軟體包的指令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "990"
msgstr "990"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"used as the default for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</"
"emphasis> archive"
msgstr "用作<emphasis role=\"strong\">目標發行版</emphasis>檔案庫的預設值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "500"
msgstr "500"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"used as the default for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">normal</emphasis> "
"archive"
msgstr "用作<emphasis role=\"strong\">常規</emphasis>檔案庫的預設值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "100"
msgstr "100"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"used as the default for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</"
"emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">ButAutomaticUpgrades</emphasis> "
"archive"
msgstr ""
"用於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ButAutomaticUpgrades</emphasis> 檔案庫的預設值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "used for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">installed</emphasis> package"
msgstr "用於<emphasis role=\"strong\">已安裝</emphasis>軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"used as the default for the <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</"
"emphasis> archive"
msgstr "用於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> 檔案庫的預設值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "-1"
msgstr "-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">never install</emphasis> the package even if "
"recommended"
msgstr "即使被推薦，<emphasis role=\"strong\">也絕不安裝</emphasis>這個軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">target release</emphasis> archive can be set "
"by several methods."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">目標發行版</emphasis>檔案庫可以通過以下幾種方法來設"
"定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" configuration file with "
"\"<literal>APT::Default-Release \"stable\";</literal>\" line"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" 配置檔案中寫入 \"<literal>APT::"
"Default-Release \"stable\";</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"command line option, e.g., \"<literal>apt-get install -t testing some-"
"package</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"命令列選項，例如: \"<literal>apt-get install -t testing some-package</"
"literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> and <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">ButAutomaticUpgrades</emphasis> archive is set by archive server "
"having its archive level Release file (see <xref linkend="
"\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>) containing both \"<literal>NotAutomatic: "
"yes</literal>\" and \"<literal>ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes</literal>\". The "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive is set by archive "
"server having its archive level Release file containing only "
"\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">ButAutomaticUpgrades</emphasis> 的檔案是由檔案庫伺服器上檔案層級的 "
"Release 檔案來設定，(參見 <xref linkend=\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>)，"
"同時包含\"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes</literal>\".而 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> 檔案也是由檔案庫伺服器上的檔案層級的 Release 檔案"
"來設定，但只包含 \"<literal>NotAutomatic: yes</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning situation</emphasis> of &lt;"
"package&gt; from multiple archive sources is displayed by \"<literal>apt-"
"cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"來自眾多檔案源的&lt;軟體包&gt;的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning 情況</"
"emphasis>可以通過 \"<literal>apt-cache policy &lt;package&gt;</literal>\" 命"
"令顯示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"A line started with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" lists the package "
"version of <emphasis role=\"strong\">pin</emphasis> if association just with "
"&lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>Package pin: 0.190</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" 開頭的行，列出了軟體包版本的 <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">pin</emphasis> ，如果 &lt;package&gt; 相關的 pin 已經定義, 例"
"如, \"<literal>Package pin: 0.190</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"No line with \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" exists if no association "
"just with &lt;package&gt; is defined."
msgstr ""
"沒有 \"<literal>Package pin:</literal>\" 的行存在，如果沒有 &lt;package&gt; "
"相關的定義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Pin-Priority value associated just with &lt;package&gt; is listed right "
"side of all version strings, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 700</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"與 &lt;package&gt; 相關的 Pin-Priority 值列在所有版本字串的右邊，比"
"如，\"<literal>0.181 700</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>0</literal>\" is listed right side of all version strings if no "
"association just with &lt;package&gt; is defined, e.g., \"<literal>0.181 0</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>0</literal>\" 是列在所有版本字串的右邊，如果沒有 &lt;package&gt; "
"相關的定義。例如, \"<literal>0.181 0</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The Pin-Priority values of archives (defined as \"<literal>Package: *</"
"literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file) are "
"listed left side of all archive paths, e.g., \"<literal>100 http://deb."
"debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports/main Packages</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"檔案庫 (在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案作為"
"\"<literal>Package: *</literal>\"定義) 的 Pin-Priority 值，列在所有檔案庫路徑"
"的左邊，例如，\"<literal>100 http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-"
"backports/main Packages</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Updates and Backports"
msgstr "更新和向後移植"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are <ulink url=\"&codenamestableupdates;\">&codename-stable;-updates</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"&backportsdebianorg;\">backports.debian.org</ulink> "
"archives which provide updgrade packages for <literal>stable</literal> "
"(<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&codenamestableupdates;\">&codename-stable;-updates</ulink> 和 "
"<ulink url=\"&backportsdebianorg;\">backports.debian.org</ulink> 檔案庫提供了"
"<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>) 發行版的更新"
"軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to use these archives, you list all required archives in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""
"為了去使用這些檔案庫，你需要在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" "
"檔案裡寫入如下所示的檔案庫列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-updates main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports main contrib non-free"
msgstr ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable; main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ &codename-stable;/updates main contrib\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-updates main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-stable;-backports main contrib non-free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There is no need to set Pin-Priority value explicitly in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"apt/preferences</literal>\" file.  When newer packages become available, the "
"default configuration provides most reasonable upgrades (see <xref linkend="
"\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"並不需要在 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案中顯式設定Pin-"
"Priority值.  當新的包可用時，預設配置提供了更合理的更新 (請見 <xref linkend="
"\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"All installed older packages are upgraded to newer ones from "
"<literal>&codename-stable;-updates</literal>."
msgstr ""
"所有已安裝的舊軟體包都可以通過 <literal>&codename-stable;-updates</literal> "
"檔案庫升級到新軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Only manually installed older packages from <literal>&codename-stable;-"
"backports</literal> are upgraded to newer ones from <literal>&codename-"
"stable;-backports</literal>."
msgstr ""
"只有從 <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> 檔案庫中手動安裝的舊軟"
"體包才會通過 <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> 檔案庫升級到新軟"
"體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Whenever you wish to install a package named \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;"
"</literal>\" with its dependency from <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</"
"literal> archive manually, you use following command while switching target "
"release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option."
msgstr ""
"當你想要從 <literal>&codename-stable;-backports</literal> 檔案庫中手動的安裝"
"一個名叫 \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</literal>\" 的軟體及其依賴包的時候，"
"你應該在目標檔案庫之前加一個 “-t\" 引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t &codename-stable;-backports &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install -t &codename-stable;-backports &lt;package-name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Blocking packages installed by \"Recommends\""
msgstr "阻止推薦的軟體包的安裝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you wish not to pull in particular packages automatically by \"Recommends"
"\", you must create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file and "
"explicitly list all those packages at the top of it as the following."
msgstr ""
"如果不想要引入推薦的特定軟體包，你必須建立 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</"
"literal>\" 檔案並且像如下所示的那樣在檔案的頂部明確列出這些軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: version *\n"
"Pin-Priority: -1\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: version *\n"
"Pin-Priority: -1"
msgstr ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: version *\n"
"Pin-Priority: -1\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: version *\n"
"Pin-Priority: -1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid ""
"Tracking <literal>testing</literal> with some packages from "
"<literal>unstable</literal>"
msgstr ""
"使用帶有 <literal>unstable</literal> 軟體包的 <literal>testing</literal> 版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> "
"technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in "
"<literal>unstable</literal> regularly upgraded while tracking "
"<literal>testing</literal>.  You list all required archives in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""
"如下是一個關於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> 技術的例子，"
"當使用 <literal>testing</literal>的時候，實現 <literal>unstable</literal> 中"
"的特定的較新的上游版本軟體包的日常升級。你應該按如下所示的在 \"<literal>/etc/"
"apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案中列出所有需要的檔案庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr "按如下所示的設定 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 100"
msgstr ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 100"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you wish to install a package named \"<literal>&lt;package-name&gt;</"
"literal>\" with its dependencies from <literal>unstable</literal> archive "
"under this configuration, you issue the following command which switches "
"target release with \"<literal>-t</literal>\" option (Pin-Priority of "
"<literal>unstable</literal> becomes 990)."
msgstr ""
"當想要在此配置下從 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫中安裝 \"<literal>&lt;"
"package-name&gt;</literal>\" 軟體及它的依賴包時，你執行帶有 \"<literal>-t</"
"literal>\" 選項 (<literal>unstable</literal> 的 Pin-Priority 值變為 990) 的轉"
"換目標發行版的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install -t unstable &lt;package-name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"With this configuration, usual execution of \"<literal>apt-get upgrade</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" (or "
"\"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" and \"<literal>aptitude full-"
"upgrade</literal>\") upgrades packages which were installed from "
"<literal>testing</literal> archive using current <literal>testing</literal> "
"archive and packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""
"在此配置下，執行 \"<literal>apt-get update</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>apt-get "
"dist-upgrade</literal>\"(或者 \"<literal>aptitude safe-upgrade</literal>\" "
"和 \"<literal>aptitude full-upgrade</literal>\") 命令,會從 <literal>testing</"
"literal> 檔案庫升級那些從 <literal>testing</literal> 檔案庫安裝的軟體包並且"
"從 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫升級那些從 <literal>unstable</literal> "
"檔案庫中安裝的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Be careful not to remove \"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry from the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file.  Without "
"\"<literal>testing</literal>\" entry in it, APT system upgrades packages "
"using newer <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""
"小心不要去移除 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案中的 "
"\"<literal>testing</literal>\" 檔案庫。如果檔案中沒有 \"<literal>testing</"
"literal>\" ，APT 系統會使用更加新的 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫升級軟"
"體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"I usually edit the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file to "
"comment out \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" archive entry right after above "
"operation.  This avoids slow update process of having too many entries in "
"the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file although this prevents "
"upgrading packages which were installed from <literal>unstable</literal> "
"archive using current <literal>unstable</literal> archive."
msgstr ""
"我通常會在上述操作後，馬上註釋掉 \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>"
"\" 檔案中的 \"<literal>unstable</literal>\" 檔案庫記錄。這避免了因為處理 "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案中的眾多記錄而造成的升級緩慢"
"雖然同時也阻止了那些從 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫中安裝的軟體包通過 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 升級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>Pin-Priority: 1</literal>\" is used instead of \"<literal>Pin-"
"Priority: 100</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" "
"file, already installed packages having Pin-Priority value of 100 are not "
"upgraded by <literal>unstable</literal> archive even if \"<literal>testing</"
"literal>\" entry in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file is "
"removed."
msgstr ""
"如果 \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案中 \"<literal>Pin-"
"Priority: 1</literal>\" 替代了 \"<literal>Pin-Priority:100</literal>\"，即使 "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" 檔案中的 \"<literal>testing</"
"literal>\" 記錄被刪除了，Pin-Priority 值為 100 的已安裝軟體包也不會通過 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫升級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you wish to track particular packages in <literal>unstable</literal> "
"automatically without initial \"<literal>-t unstable</literal>\" "
"installation, you must create the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>"
"\" file and explicitly list all those packages at the top of it as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"如果你希望自動跟蹤  <literal>unstable</literal> 裡某些特殊的軟體包，而在安裝"
"時不再使用初始化選項 \"<literal>-t unstable</literal>\" ， 你必須建立 "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案，並在該檔案頂部按下面的方式"
"清晰的列出所有那些軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""
"Package: &lt;package-1&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: &lt;package-2&gt;\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These set Pin-Priority value for each specific package.  For example, in "
"order to track the latest <literal>unstable</literal> version of this "
"\"Debian Reference\" in English, you should have following entries in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""
"如下是為每個特定的軟體包設定 Pin-Priority 值。例如，為了使用最新的 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 的英文版 \"Debian Reference\"，你應該在 "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" 檔案中寫入以下條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: debian-reference-en\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: debian-reference-common\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"
msgstr ""
"Package: debian-reference-en\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700\n"
"\n"
"Package: debian-reference-common\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 700"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"This apt-pinning technique is valid even when you are tracking "
"<literal>stable</literal> archive.  Documentation packages have been always "
"safe to install from <literal>unstable</literal> archive in my experience, "
"so far."
msgstr ""
"即使你使用的是 <literal>stable</literal> 檔案庫，apt-pinning 技術仍然是有效"
"的。根據我以前的經驗，從 <literal>unstable</literal> 檔案庫安裝的文件包一直是"
"安全的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid ""
"Tracking <literal>unstable</literal> with some packages from "
"<literal>experimental</literal>"
msgstr ""
"使用帶有 <literal>experimental</literal> 軟體包的 <literal>unstable</"
"literal> 版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is another example of <emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> "
"technique to include specific newer upstream version packages found in "
"<literal>experimental</literal> while tracking <literal>unstable</literal>.  "
"You list all required archives in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</"
"literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""
"這是使用<emphasis role=\"strong\">apt-pinning</emphasis> 的另一個示例，該示例"
"主要使用<literal>unstable</literal>源，但包含了<literal>experimental</"
"literal>源, 該源可用於安裝上游更新的軟體包 .  需要包含在\"<literal>/etc/apt/"
"sources.list</literal>\" 檔案中的列表如下:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"
msgstr ""
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default Pin-Priority value for <literal>experimental</literal> archive "
"is always 1 (&lt;&lt;100) since it is <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">NotAutomatic</emphasis> archive (see <xref linkend="
"\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>).  There is no need to set Pin-Priority "
"value explicitly in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file "
"just to use <literal>experimental</literal> archive unless you wish to track "
"particular packages in it automatically for next upgrading."
msgstr ""
"由於<literal>experimental</literal>源是 <emphasis role=\"strong\">非自動"
"（NotAutomatic）</emphasis>的源 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_archive_level_release_files\"/>)，其預設的Pin-Priority值 被設定為1 (&lt;"
"&lt;100) .  並不需要在\"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\"檔案中設定"
"Pin-Priority值，只需要指定 <literal>experimental</literal> 源，除非你需要在下"
"次更新時自動升級時更新特定軟體包."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Automatic download and upgrade of packages"
msgstr "自動下載和升級軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>apt</literal> package comes with its own cron script "
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal>\" to support the automatic download "
"of packages.  This script can be enhanced to perform the automatic upgrade "
"of packages by installing the <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> "
"package. These can be customized by parameters in \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt."
"conf.d/02backup</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-"
"upgrades</literal>\" as described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/unattended-"
"upgrades/README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>apt</literal> 軟體包有自己的 cron 指令碼 “<literal>/etc/cron.daily/"
"apt</literal>” ，它支援自動下載軟體包。可以安裝 <literal>unattended-"
"upgrades</literal> 軟體包來增強這個指令碼，使它能夠自動升級軟體包。可以通過 "
"“<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02backup</literal>” 和 “<literal>/etc/apt/apt."
"conf.d/50unattended-upgrades</literal>” 中的引數來進行自定義，相關說明位於 "
"“<literal>/usr/share/doc/unattended-upgrades/README</literal>” 中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> package is mainly intended for "
"the security upgrade for the <literal>stable</literal> system.  If the risk "
"of breaking an existing <literal>stable</literal> system by the automatic "
"upgrade is smaller than that of the system broken by the intruder using its "
"security hole which has been closed by the security update, you should "
"consider using this automatic upgrade with configuration parameters as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unattended-upgrades</literal> 軟體包主要用於 <literal>stable</"
"literal> 系統的安全更新。如果自動升級損壞 <literal>stable</literal> 系統的風"
"險小於被入侵者利用已被安全更新修復的安全漏洞，你應該考慮使用自動更新，配置引"
"數如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";"
msgstr ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are running an <literal>unstable</literal> system, you do not want to "
"use the automatic upgrade since it certainly breaks system some day.  Even "
"for such <literal>unstable</literal> case, you may still want to download "
"packages in advance to save time for the interactive upgrade with "
"configuration parameters as the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你執行的是 <literal>unstable</literal> 系統，你應該不會想要使用自動更新，"
"因為它肯定會在某天損壞系統。即使位於這樣的 <literal>unstable</literal> 情況"
"下，你可能依舊想提前下載軟體包以節省互動式升級的時間，其配置引數如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"0\";"
msgstr ""
"APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages \"1\";\n"
"APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"0\";"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Limiting download bandwidth for APT"
msgstr "限制 APT 的下載頻寬"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you want to limit the download bandwidth for APT to e.g. 800Kib/sec "
"(=100kiB/sec), you should configure APT with its configuration parameter as "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你想限制 APT 的下載頻寬到 800Kib/sec（=100KiB/sec），你應該像下面那樣設"
"定 APT 的配置引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "APT::Acquire::http::Dl-Limit \"800\";"
msgstr "APT::Acquire::http::Dl-Limit \"800\";"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Emergency downgrading"
msgstr "緊急降級"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Downgrading is not officially supported by the Debian by design.  It should "
"be done only as a part of emergency recovery process.  Despite of this "
"situation, it is known to work well in many incidents.  For critical "
"systems, you should backup all important data on the system after the "
"recovery operation and re-install the new system from the scratch."
msgstr ""
"降級在 Debian 設計上就不被官方支援。僅僅是在緊急恢復過程中需要做的一部分工"
"作。儘管憎恨這種情形，但降級在很多場景下工作得也不錯。對於重要系統，你應當在"
"恢復操作後備份所有重要資料，並從零開始重新安裝一個新的系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may be lucky to downgrade from newer archive to older archive to recover "
"from broken system upgrade by manipulating <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">candidate version</emphasis> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>).  This is lazy alternative to tedious "
"actions of many \"<literal>dpkg -i &lt;broken-package&gt;_&lt;old-"
"version&gt;.deb</literal>\" commands (see <xref linkend="
"\"_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過控制<emphasis role=\"strong\">候選版本</emphasis>從新的檔案庫降級到"
"舊的檔案庫（參見 <xref linkend=\"_tweaking_candidate_version\"/>），從而使損"
"壞的系統恢復。下面是一種懶惰的方法，可以避免許多冗長的 “<literal>dpkg -i &lt;"
"broken-package&gt;_&lt;old-version&gt;.deb</literal>” 命令（參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Search lines in the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file "
"tracking <literal>unstable</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""
"搜尋 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>” 檔案中像下面那樣使用 "
"<literal>unstable</literal> 的行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-unstable; main contrib non-free"
msgstr "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-unstable; main contrib non-free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Replace it with the following to track <literal>testing</literal>."
msgstr "使用下面的行替換它，從而改為使用 <literal>testing</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-testing; main contrib non-free"
msgstr "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ &codename-testing; main contrib non-free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1010"
msgstr ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=testing\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1010"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Run \"<literal>apt-get update; apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>\" to force "
"downgrading of packages across the system."
msgstr ""
"執行 “<literal>apt-get update; apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>” 使整個系統的軟"
"體包強制降級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Remove this special \"<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>\" file after "
"this emergency downgrading."
msgstr ""
"在緊急降級後，移除 “<literal>/etc/apt/preferences</literal>” 這個特殊的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"It is a good idea to remove (not purge!) as much packages to minimize "
"dependency problems.  You may need to manually remove and install some "
"packages to get system downgraded.  Linux kernel, bootloader, udev, PAM, "
"APT, and networking related packages and their configuration files require "
"special attention."
msgstr ""
"這是一個好方法，移除（不是清除！）儘可能多地軟體包，來減少依賴問題。你可能需"
"要手動移除和安裝一些軟體包來使系統降級。需要特別注意 Linux 核心、載入程式、"
"udev、PAM、APT 和網路相關的軟體包以及它們的配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Who uploaded the package?"
msgstr "上傳軟體包的是誰？"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although the maintainer name listed in \"<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/package_name/changelog</literal>\" "
"provide some information on \"who is behind the packaging activity\", the "
"actual uploader of the package is somewhat obscure.  "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>who-uploads</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> in the <literal>devscripts</literal> package "
"identifies the actual uploader of Debian source packages."
msgstr ""
"儘管 “<literal>/var/lib/dpkg/available</literal>” 和 “<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/package_name/changelog</literal>” 中列出的維護者姓名提供了關於“軟體包運作"
"的幕後者是誰”這一問題的一些資訊，但軟體包的實際上傳者依舊不明。"
"<literal>devscripts</literal> 軟體包中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>who-"
"uploads</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以識別 "
"Debian 源軟體包的實際上傳者。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The equivs package"
msgstr "equivs 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are to compile a program from source to replace the Debian package, "
"it is best to make it into a real local debianized package (<literal>*.deb</"
"literal>) and use private archive."
msgstr ""
"如果你從原始碼編譯了一個程式來代替 Debian 軟體包，最好將它做成一個真正的本地 "
"Debian 軟體包（<literal>*.deb</literal>）並使用私人檔案庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you chose to compile a program from source and to install them under "
"\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" instead, you may need to use "
"<literal>equivs</literal> as a last resort to satisfy the missing package "
"dependency."
msgstr ""
"如果你選擇從原始碼編譯一個程式並將它安裝到 “<literal>/usr/local</literal>”，"
"你可能需要使用 <literal>equivs</literal> 作為最後步驟來滿足缺失的軟體包依賴。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Package: equivs\n"
"Priority: optional\n"
"Section: admin\n"
"Description: Circumventing Debian package dependencies\n"
" This package provides a tool to create trivial Debian packages.\n"
" Typically these packages contain only dependency information, but they\n"
" can also include normal installed files like other packages do.\n"
" .\n"
" One use for this is to create a metapackage: a package whose sole\n"
" purpose is to declare dependencies and conflicts on other packages so\n"
" that these will be automatically installed, upgraded, or removed.\n"
" .\n"
" Another use is to circumvent dependency checking: by letting dpkg\n"
" think a particular package name and version is installed when it\n"
" isn't, you can work around bugs in other packages' dependencies.\n"
" (Please do still file such bugs, though.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Porting a package to the stable system"
msgstr "移植一個軟體包到 stable 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For partial upgrades of the <literal>stable</literal> system, rebuilding a "
"package within its environment using the source package is desirable.  This "
"avoids massive package upgrades due to their dependencies."
msgstr ""
"對於部分升級的 <literal>stable</literal> 系統，使用源軟體包在執行環境中重新構"
"建一個軟體包是不錯的選擇。這可以避免因為依賴關係導致大量軟體包升級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Add the following entries to the \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>"
"\" of a <literal>stable</literal> system."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>stable</literal> 系統的 “<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</"
"literal>” 檔案中新增下列條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian unstable  main contrib non-free"
msgstr "deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian unstable  main contrib non-free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Install required packages for the compilation and download the source "
"package as the following."
msgstr "如下安裝編譯所需的軟體包並下載源軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# apt-get update\n"
"# apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"# apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"# apt-get build-dep foo\n"
"$ apt-get source foo\n"
"$ cd foo*"
msgstr ""
"# apt-get update\n"
"# apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"# apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"# apt-get build-dep foo\n"
"$ apt-get source foo\n"
"$ cd foo*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Update some tool chain packages such as <literal>dpkg</literal>, and "
"<literal>debhelper</literal> from the backport packages if they are required "
"for the backporting."
msgstr ""
"如果需要向後移植，可以從 backport 的軟體包中更新一些工具鏈軟體包，例如 "
"<literal>dpkg</literal> 和 <literal>debhelper</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Execute the following."
msgstr "執行下列命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ dch -i"
msgstr "$ dch -i"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Bump package version, e.g. one appended with \"<literal>+bp1</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>debian/changelog</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"更新軟體包版本，例如在 “<literal>debian/changelog</literal>” 中附加一個 "
"“<literal>+bp1</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Build packages and install them to the system as the following."
msgstr "像下面那樣構建軟體包並將它們安裝到系統中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"# debi foo*.changes"
msgstr ""
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"# debi foo*.changes"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Proxy server for APT"
msgstr "用於 APT 的代理伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since mirroring whole subsection of Debian archive wastes disk space and "
"network bandwidth, deployment of a local proxy server for APT is desirable "
"consideration when you administer many systems on <ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</"
"ulink>.  APT can be configure to use generic web (http) proxy servers such "
"as <literal>squid</literal> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_other_network_application_servers\"/>) as described in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/"
"configure-index.gz</literal>\".  The \"<literal>$http_proxy</literal>\" "
"environment variable can be used to override proxy server setting in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""
"因為映象整個 Debian 檔案庫的子區會浪費硬碟和網路頻寬，當你管理許多 <ulink "
"url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink> 上的系統時，為 APT 部署一個本地代理伺服器是個好主"
"意。APT 可以通過配置來使用通用 web（http）代理伺服器，例如 <literal>squid</"
"literal>（參見 <xref linkend=\"_other_network_application_servers\"/>），細節"
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/configure-"
"index.gz</literal>”。環境變數 “<literal>$http_proxy</literal> 會覆蓋 "
"“<literal>/etc/apt/apt.conf</literal>” 檔案中設定的代理伺服器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are proxy tools specially for Debian archive.  You should check BTS "
"before using them."
msgstr "這裡有一些 Debian 檔案庫的專用代理工具。你應該在使用它們之前檢查 BTS。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of the proxy tools specially for Debian archive"
msgstr "Debian 檔案庫的專用代理工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"caching proxy server for Debian archive files (compiled <ulink url=\"&ocaml;"
"\">OCaml</ulink> program)"
msgstr ""
"快取 Debian 檔案庫檔案的代理伺服器（已編譯的 <ulink url=\"&ocaml;\">OCaml</"
"ulink> 程式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Caching proxy for Debian package and source files (Perl program)"
msgstr "為 Debian 軟體包和原始碼檔案進行快取代理（Perl 程式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Caching proxy for distribution of software packages (compiled C++ program)"
msgstr "分發軟體包的快取代理（C++ 編譯的程式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"When Debian reorganizes its archive structure, these specialized proxy tools "
"tend to require code rewrites by the package maintainer and may not be "
"functional for a while.  On the other hand, generic web (http) proxy servers "
"are more robust and easier to cope with such changes."
msgstr ""
"當 Debian 重構它的檔案庫結構時，這些專用的代理工具往往需要軟體包維護者重寫程"
"式碼，並可能在一段時間內無法使用。另一方面，通用 web （http） 代理伺服器更強"
"健並且更容易應對這種改變。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Small public package archive"
msgstr "小型公共軟體包檔案庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Setting up package archive manually is complicated. There are several "
"repository management tools available. A <ulink url=\"&comprehensivelist;"
"\">comprehensive list</ulink> is available online."
msgstr ""
"手動設置軟體包檔案庫是複雜的。有些可用的倉庫管理工具。一個<ulink url="
"\"&comprehensivelist;\">詳盡的清單</ulink>在網路上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Here is an example for creating a small public package archive compatible "
#| "with the modern <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system "
#| "(see <xref linkend=\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>). Let's "
#| "assume few things."
msgid ""
"Here is a demo for manually creating a small public package archive "
"compatible with the <emphasis role=\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> system "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>). Let's "
"assume few things."
msgstr ""
"下面是一個建立小型公共軟體包檔案庫的例子，相容了現代的 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">secure APT</emphasis> 系統（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>）。讓我們進行一些假定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Account name: \"<literal>foo</literal>\""
msgstr "賬號名：“<literal>foo</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Host name: \"<literal>www.example.com</literal>\""
msgstr "主機名：“<literal>www.example.com</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Required packages: <literal>apt-utils</literal>, <literal>gnupg</literal>, "
"and other packages"
msgstr ""
"所需軟體包：<literal>apt-utils</literal>、<literal>gnupg</literal> 和其它軟體"
"包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"URL: \"<literal>http://www.example.com/~foo/</literal>\" ( → \"<literal>/"
"home/foo/public_html/index.html</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"URL: \"<literal>http://www.example.com/~foo/</literal>\" ( → \"<literal>/"
"home/foo/public_html/index.html</literal>\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Architecture of packages: \"<literal>amd64</literal>\""
msgstr "軟體包架構：“<literal>amd64</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create an APT archive key of Foo on your server system as the following."
msgstr "在該伺服器上使用如下方式為 Foo 建立一個 APT 源鑰匙對。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh foo@www.example.com\n"
"$ gpg --gen-key\n"
"...\n"
"$ gpg -K\n"
"...\n"
"sec   1024D/3A3CB5A6 2008-08-14\n"
"uid                  Foo (ARCHIVE KEY) &lt;foo@www.example.com&gt;\n"
"ssb   2048g/6856F4A7 2008-08-14\n"
"$ gpg --export -a 3A3CB5A6 &gt;foo.public.key"
msgstr ""
"$ ssh foo@www.example.com\n"
"$ gpg --gen-key\n"
"...\n"
"$ gpg -K\n"
"...\n"
"sec   1024D/3A3CB5A6 2008-08-14\n"
"uid                  Foo (ARCHIVE KEY) &lt;foo@www.example.com&gt;\n"
"ssb   2048g/6856F4A7 2008-08-14\n"
"$ gpg --export -a 3A3CB5A6 &gt;foo.public.key"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Publish the archive key file \"<literal>foo.public.key</literal>\" with the "
"key ID \"<literal>3A3CB5A6</literal>\" for Foo"
msgstr ""
"公佈 \"<literal>foo.public.key</literal>\"檔案，即公鑰 ID 為 "
"\"<literal>3A3CB5A6</literal>\"的源公鑰檔案，該檔案可用於 Foo 源的釋出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Create an archive tree called \"Origin: Foo\" as the following."
msgstr "使用如下方式建立一個名為\"Origin: Foo\"的源目錄樹。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ umask 022\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/pool/main\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/source\n"
"$ cd ~/public_html/debian\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/source/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: source\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptftp.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"APT::FTPArchive::Release {\n"
"  Origin \"Foo\";\n"
"  Label \"Foo\";\n"
"  Suite \"unstable\";\n"
"  Codename \"sid\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64\";\n"
"  Components \"main\";\n"
"  Description \"Public archive for Foo\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptgenerate.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"Dir::ArchiveDir \".\";\n"
"Dir::CacheDir \".\";\n"
"TreeDefault::Directory \"pool/\";\n"
"TreeDefault::SrcDirectory \"pool/\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Extensions \".deb\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Compress \". gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Sources::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Contents::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"\n"
"BinDirectory \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\" {\n"
"  Packages \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Packages\";\n"
"  Contents \"dists/unstable/Contents-amd64\";\n"
"  SrcPackages \"dists/unstable/main/source/Sources\";\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"Tree \"dists/unstable\" {\n"
"  Sections \"main\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64 source\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF"
msgstr ""
"$ umask 022\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/pool/main\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\n"
"$ mkdir -p ~/public_html/debian/dists/unstable/main/source\n"
"$ cd ~/public_html/debian\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: amd64\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt; dists/unstable/main/source/Release &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"Archive: unstable\n"
"Version: 4.0\n"
"Component: main\n"
"Origin: Foo\n"
"Label: Foo\n"
"Architecture: source\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptftp.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"APT::FTPArchive::Release {\n"
"  Origin \"Foo\";\n"
"  Label \"Foo\";\n"
"  Suite \"unstable\";\n"
"  Codename \"sid\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64\";\n"
"  Components \"main\";\n"
"  Description \"Public archive for Foo\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ cat &gt;aptgenerate.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"Dir::ArchiveDir \".\";\n"
"Dir::CacheDir \".\";\n"
"TreeDefault::Directory \"pool/\";\n"
"TreeDefault::SrcDirectory \"pool/\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Extensions \".deb\";\n"
"Default::Packages::Compress \". gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Sources::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"Default::Contents::Compress \"gzip bzip2\";\n"
"\n"
"BinDirectory \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64\" {\n"
"  Packages \"dists/unstable/main/binary-amd64/Packages\";\n"
"  Contents \"dists/unstable/Contents-amd64\";\n"
"  SrcPackages \"dists/unstable/main/source/Sources\";\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"Tree \"dists/unstable\" {\n"
"  Sections \"main\";\n"
"  Architectures \"amd64 source\";\n"
"};\n"
"EOF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can automate repetitive updates of APT archive contents on your server "
"system by configuring <literal>dupload</literal>."
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>dupload</literal>，你可以自動重複更新你伺服器系統上的 APT 檔案"
"庫內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Place all package files into \"<literal>~foo/public_html/debian/pool/main/</"
"literal>\" by executing \"<literal>dupload -t foo changes_file</literal>\" "
"in client while having \"<literal>~/.dupload.conf</literal>\" containing the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"當 “<literal>~/.dupload.conf</literal>” 包含如下內容時，在客戶端執行 "
"“<literal>dupload -t foo changes_file</literal>” 將所有的軟體包檔案放入 "
"“<literal>~foo/public_html/debian/pool/main/</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$cfg{'foo'} = {\n"
"  fqdn =&gt; \"www.example.com\",\n"
"  method =&gt; \"scpb\",\n"
"  incoming =&gt; \"/home/foo/public_html/debian/pool/main\",\n"
"  # The dinstall on ftp-master sends emails itself\n"
"  dinstall_runs =&gt; 1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"$cfg{'foo'}{postupload}{'changes'} = \"\n"
"  echo 'cd public_html/debian ;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive generate -c=aptftp.conf aptgenerate.conf;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive release -c=aptftp.conf dists/unstable &gt;dists/unstable/Release ;\n"
"  rm -f dists/unstable/Release.gpg ;\n"
"  gpg -u 3A3CB5A6 -bao dists/unstable/Release.gpg dists/unstable/Release'|\n"
"  ssh foo@www.example.com  2&gt;/dev/null ;\n"
"  echo 'Package archive created!'\";"
msgstr ""
"$cfg{'foo'} = {\n"
"  fqdn =&gt; \"www.example.com\",\n"
"  method =&gt; \"scpb\",\n"
"  incoming =&gt; \"/home/foo/public_html/debian/pool/main\",\n"
"  # The dinstall on ftp-master sends emails itself\n"
"  dinstall_runs =&gt; 1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"$cfg{'foo'}{postupload}{'changes'} = \"\n"
"  echo 'cd public_html/debian ;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive generate -c=aptftp.conf aptgenerate.conf;\n"
"  apt-ftparchive release -c=aptftp.conf dists/unstable &gt;dists/unstable/Release ;\n"
"  rm -f dists/unstable/Release.gpg ;\n"
"  gpg -u 3A3CB5A6 -bao dists/unstable/Release.gpg dists/unstable/Release'|\n"
"  ssh foo@www.example.com  2&gt;/dev/null ;\n"
"  echo 'Package archive created!'\";"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">postupload</emphasis> hook script initiated by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dupload</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> creates updated archive files for each upload."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dupload</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>觸發<emphasis role=\"strong\">postupload</emphasis>"
"鉤子指令碼，該指令碼為每次上傳建立軟體包檔案."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can add this small public archive to the apt-line of your client system "
"by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過下面的方法將這個小型公共檔案庫新增到你客戶端系統的 apt 源中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo bash\n"
"# echo \"deb http://www.example.com/~foo/debian/ unstable main\" \\\n"
"   &gt;&gt; /etc/apt/sources.list\n"
"# apt-key add foo.public.key"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo bash\n"
"# echo \"deb http://www.example.com/~foo/debian/ unstable main\" \\\n"
"   &gt;&gt; /etc/apt/sources.list\n"
"# apt-key add foo.public.key"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If the archive is located on the local filesystem, you can use "
"\"<literal>deb file:///home/foo/debian/ …</literal>\" instead."
msgstr ""
"如果檔案庫位於本地檔案系統中，你可以使用 “<literal>deb file:///home/foo/"
"debian/ …</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recording and copying system configuration"
msgstr "記錄和複製系統配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can make a local copy of the package and debconf selection states by the "
"following."
msgstr "你可以通過下面命令建立軟體包和 debconf 選擇狀態的本地副本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt; selection.dpkg\n"
"# debconf-get-selections    &gt; selection.debconf"
msgstr ""
"# dpkg --get-selections '*' &gt; selection.dpkg\n"
"# debconf-get-selections    &gt; selection.debconf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, \"<literal>*</literal>\" makes \"<literal>selection.dpkg</literal>\" "
"to include package entries for \"purge\" too."
msgstr ""
"這裡，“<literal>*</literal>” 使 “<literal>selection.dpkg</literal>” 也包含 "
"“purge” 的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can transfer these 2 files to another computer, and install there with "
"the following."
msgstr "你可以將這兩個檔案移動到另一個電腦，並通過下列命令安裝它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dselect update\n"
"# debconf-set-selections &lt; myselection.debconf\n"
"# dpkg --set-selections  &lt; myselection.dpkg\n"
"# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade    # or dselect install"
msgstr ""
"# dselect update\n"
"# debconf-set-selections &lt; myselection.debconf\n"
"# dpkg --set-selections  &lt; myselection.dpkg\n"
"# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade    # or dselect install"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are thinking about managing many servers in a cluster with "
"practically the same configuration, you should consider to use specialized "
"package such as <literal>fai</literal> to manage the whole system."
msgstr ""
"如果你需要管理一個叢集中的許多伺服器，並且它們的配置幾乎相同，你應該考慮使用"
"專門的軟體包，例如 <literal>fai</literal> 來管理整個系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Converting or installing an alien binary package"
msgstr "轉換或安裝一個外來的二進位制軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alien</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> enables the conversion of binary packages provided in Red Hat "
"<literal>rpm</literal>, Stampede <literal>slp</literal>, Slackware "
"<literal>tgz</literal>, and Solaris <literal>pkg</literal> file formats into "
"a Debian <literal>deb</literal> package.  If you want to use a package from "
"another Linux distribution than the one you have installed on your system, "
"you can use <literal>alien</literal> to convert it from your preferred "
"package format and install it.  <literal>alien</literal> also supports LSB "
"packages."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alien</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 可以將 Red Hat 的 <literal>rpm</literal>、Stampede 的 "
"<literal>slp</literal>、Slackware 的 <literal>tgz</literal> 和 Solaris 的 "
"<literal>pkg</literal> 二進位制軟體包檔案格式轉換為 Debian 的 <literal>deb</"
"literal> 軟體包。如果你想使用來自另一個發行版的軟體包，你可以使用 "
"<literal>alien</literal> 轉換並安裝它。<literal>alien</literal> 也支援 LSB 軟"
"體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alien</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> should not be used to replace essential system packages, such "
"as <literal>sysvinit</literal>, <literal>libc6</literal>, <literal>libpam-"
"modules</literal>, etc.  Practically, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>alien</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> should only be used "
"for <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-free</emphasis> binary-only packages which "
"are LSB compliant or statically linked.  For free softwares, you should use "
"their source packages to make real Debian packages."
msgstr ""
"不應該用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>alien</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來替代必要的系統軟體包，例如 <literal>sysvinit</"
"literal>、<literal>libc6</literal>、<literal>libpam-modules</literal> 等等。"
"實際上，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alien</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 應該只用於 <emphasis role=\"strong\">non-free</"
"emphasis> 中僅提供二進位制檔案的軟體包，並且它們應該相容 LSB 或被靜態連結。對"
"於自由軟體，你應該使用它們的源軟體包來製作一個真正的 Debian 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Extracting package without dpkg"
msgstr "不使用 dpkg 解壓軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>dpkg*.deb</literal>\" package contents can be extracted "
"without using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> on any <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> "
"environment using standard <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在任何的 <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> 環境中都可以不使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，而使用標準的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來解壓 “<literal>dpkg*.deb</literal>” 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ar x /path/to/dpkg_&lt;version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb\n"
"# ls\n"
"total 24\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo  1320 2007-05-07 00:11 control.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 12837 2007-05-07 00:11 data.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo     4 2007-05-07 00:11 debian-binary\n"
"# mkdir control\n"
"# mkdir data\n"
"# tar xvzf control.tar.gz -C control\n"
"# tar xvzf data.tar.gz -C data"
msgstr ""
"# ar x /path/to/dpkg_&lt;version&gt;_&lt;arch&gt;.deb\n"
"# ls\n"
"total 24\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo  1320 2007-05-07 00:11 control.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 12837 2007-05-07 00:11 data.tar.gz\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo     4 2007-05-07 00:11 debian-binary\n"
"# mkdir control\n"
"# mkdir data\n"
"# tar xvzf control.tar.gz -C control\n"
"# tar xvzf data.tar.gz -C data"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The other \"<literal>*.deb</literal>\" package contents can be extracted by "
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-deb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command obtained from the \"<literal>dpkg*.deb</"
"literal>\" package as above; or using standard "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and newer GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> with the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xz</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> decompression support similarly as above."
msgstr ""
"其它的 “<literal>*.deb</literal>” 軟體包可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-deb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 解壓來獲得上面的  “<literal>dpkg*.deb</literal>” 軟"
"體包；或像上面那樣使用標準的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和較新的帶有 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xz</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 解壓支援的 GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can also browse package content using the <literal>mc</literal> command."
msgstr "你也可以使用 <literal>mc</literal> 命令來瀏覽軟體包內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "More readings for the package management"
msgstr "更多關於軟體包管理的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can learn more on the package management from following documentations."
msgstr "你可以從下面的文件中瞭解軟體包管理的更多資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Primary documentations on the package management:"
msgstr "軟體包管理的主要文件："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tasksel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-key</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt.conf</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>;"
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tasksel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-key</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>;"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tasksel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-key</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sources.list</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>；"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/offline.html/index.html</literal>\" from "
"the <literal>apt-doc</literal> package; and"
msgstr ""
"來自 <literal>apt-doc</literal> 軟體包的 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/"
"guide.html/index.html</literal>” 和 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/offline."
"html/index.html</literal>”；"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/index.html</literal>\" from the "
"<literal>aptitude-doc-en</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"來自 <literal>aptitude-doc-en</literal> 軟體包的 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"aptitude/html/en/index.html</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Official and detailed documentations on the Debian archive:"
msgstr "Debian 檔案庫的官方詳細文件："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Policy Manual "
"Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive\"</ulink>,"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanuthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Policy Manual "
"Chapter 2 - The Debian Archive\"</ulink>，"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Developer's "
"Reference, Chapter 4 - Resources for Debian Developers 4.6 The Debian archive"
"\"</ulink>, and"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersthedebianarchive;\">\"Debian Developer's "
"Reference, Chapter 4 - Resources for Debian Developers 4.6 The Debian archive"
"\"</ulink>，"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux "
"FAQ, Chapter 6 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thedebiangnulinuebianftparchives;\">\"The Debian GNU/Linux "
"FAQ, Chapter 6 - The Debian FTP archives\"</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Tutorial for building of a Debian package for Debian users:"
msgstr "為 Debian 使用者構建一個 Debian 軟體包的教程："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
#| "\"</ulink>."
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
"\"</ulink> (deprecated)."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
"\"</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
#| "\"</ulink>."
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&guidefordebianmaintainers;\">\"Guide for Debian Maintainers\"</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">\"Debian New Maintainers' Guide"
"\"</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "The system initialization"
msgstr "系統初始化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It is wise for you as the system administrator to know roughly how the "
"Debian system is started and configured.  Although the exact details are in "
"the source files of the packages installed and their documentations, it is a "
"bit overwhelming for most of us."
msgstr ""
"作爲系統管理員，粗略地瞭解 Debian 系統的啓動和配置方式是明智的。儘管準確的細"
"節在安裝的軟件包及對應的文檔中，但這些知識對我們大多數人來說都是必須掌握的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I did my best to provide a quick overview of the key points of the Debian "
"system and their configuration for your reference, based on the current and "
"previous knowledge of mine and others. Since the Debian system is a moving "
"target, the situation over the system may have been changed.  Before making "
"any changes to the system, you should refer to the latest documentation for "
"each package."
msgstr ""
"筆者基於自己和其他人的過往及現在的知識，盡己所能地提供關於 Debian 系統的知識"
"要點及其配置的快速概覽作爲讀者的參考。由於 Debian 系統在不斷地更新中，系統的"
"狀況可能已經有所變化。在對系統做任何修改之前，請參考各個軟件包的最新文檔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsof</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>: list files opened by a running process using "
#| "\"<literal>-p</literal>\" option"
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> describes the system bootup process based on <literal>systemd</"
"literal> . (Recent Debian)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsof</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: 使用 \"<literal>-p</literal>\" 選項列出被一個系統程序開啟的檔"
"案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#| "citerefentry> reports the disk space usage for the file system."
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> describes the system bootup process based on UNIX System V "
"Release 4. (Older Debian)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 報告檔案系統使用的硬碟空間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "An overview of the boot strap process"
msgstr "啓動過程概述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The computer system undergoes several phases of <ulink url="
"\"&bootstrapprocesses;\">boot strap processes</ulink> from the power-on "
"event until it offers the fully functional operating system (OS) to the user."
msgstr ""
"計算機系統從上電事件到能爲用戶提供完整的操作系統（OS）功能爲止，需要經歷幾個"
"階段的<ulink url=\"&bootstrapprocesses;\">啓動過程</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For simplicity, I limit discussion to the typical PC platform with the "
"default installation."
msgstr "爲簡便起見，筆者將討論範圍限定在具有默認安裝的典型 PC 平臺上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The typical boot strap process is like a four-stage rocket.  Each stage "
"rocket hands over the system control to the next stage one."
msgstr "典型的啓動過程像是一個四級的火箭。每一級火箭將系統控制權交給下一級。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_1_the_bios\"/>"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_stage_1_the_bios\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_3_the_mini_debian_system\"/>"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_stage_3_the_mini_debian_system\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<xref linkend=\"_stage_4_the_normal_debian_system\"/>"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_stage_4_the_normal_debian_system\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Of course, these can be configured differently.  For example, if you "
"compiled your own kernel, you may be skipping the step with the mini-Debian "
"system.  So please do not assume this is the case for your system until you "
"check it yourself."
msgstr ""
"當然，這些階段可以有不同的配置。比如，你編譯了自己的內核，則可能會跳過迷你 "
"Debian 系統的步驟。因此，在讀者親自確認之前，請勿假定自己系統的情況也是如此。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For non-legacy PC platform such as the SUN or the Macintosh system, the BIOS "
"on ROM and the partition on the disk may be quite different (<xref linkend="
"\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/>).  Please seek the platform specific "
"documentations elsewhere for such a case."
msgstr ""
"對於 SUN 或 Macintosh 系統等非傳統 PC 平臺來說，ROM 上的 BIOS 及磁盤上的分區"
"可能大不相同（<xref linkend=\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/>）。對於這種情"
"況，請另尋對應平臺相關的文檔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Stage 1: the BIOS"
msgstr "第一階段：BIOS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> is the 1st stage of the boot process "
"which is started by the power-on event. The <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</"
"ulink> residing on the <ulink url=\"&readonlymemoryrom;\">read only memory "
"(ROM)</ulink> is executed from the particular memory address to which the "
"program counter of CPU is initialized by the power-on event."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> 是啓動過程的第一階段，在上電事件後開始。"
"CPU 的程序計數器在上電事件後被初始化爲一個特定的內存地址，駐留在<ulink url="
"\"&readonlymemoryrom;\">只讀存儲器（ROM）</ulink>中的 <ulink url=\"&bios;"
"\">BIOS</ulink> 就是從這個特定的內存地址開始執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This BIOS performs the basic initialization of the hardware (<ulink url="
"\"&postpoweronselftest;\">POST: power on self test</ulink>) and hands the "
"system control to the next step which you provide.  The BIOS is usually "
"provided with the hardware."
msgstr ""
"BIOS 執行硬件的基本初始化（<ulink url=\"&postpoweronselftest;\">POST: 上電自"
"檢</ulink>）並將系統控制權交給你指定的下一步驟。BIOS 通常和硬件一同提供。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The BIOS startup screen usually indicates what key(s) to press to enter the "
"BIOS setup screen to configure the BIOS behavior. Popular keys used are F1, "
"F2, F10, Esc, Ins, and Del. If your BIOS startup screen is hidden by a nice "
"graphics screen, you may press some keys such as Esc to disable this.  These "
"keys are highly dependent on the hardware."
msgstr ""
"BIOS 啓動屏幕通常指示了進入 BIOS 配置界面所需的按鍵。流行的按鍵是 F1、F2、"
"F10、Esc、Ins 和 Del 鍵。假如你的啓動屏幕被一個漂亮的圖形界面隱藏，你可以按下"
"某些按鍵（比如 ESC）取消隱藏。這些按鍵高度依賴於硬件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The hardware location and the priority of the code started by the BIOS can "
"be selected from the BIOS setup screen.  Typically, the first few sectors of "
"the first found selected device (hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, …) are "
"loaded to the memory and this initial code is executed.  This initial code "
"can be any one of the following."
msgstr ""
"硬件位置和 BIOS 啓動的代碼的優先級可以在 BIOS 配置界面中選擇。通常，在已選擇"
"的設備（硬盤、軟件、CD-ROM……）中，最先找到的設備的最開始的幾個扇區將被加載到"
"內存，並執行其中的初始化代碼。初始化代碼可以是以下任意一種。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The boot loader code"
msgstr "引導加載代碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The kernel code of the stepping stone OS such as <ulink url=\"&freedos;"
"\">FreeDOS</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"類似 <ulink url=\"&freedos;\">FreeDOS</ulink> 這樣的過濾型操作系統的內核代碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The kernel code of the target OS if it fits in this small space"
msgstr "能夠加載到如此小的空間中的目標操作系統的內核代碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Typically, the system is booted from the specified partition of the primary "
"hard disk partition. First 2 sectors of the hard disk on legacy PC contain "
"the <ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">master boot record (MBR)</ulink>.  "
"The disk partition information including the boot selection is recorded at "
"the end of this MBR. The first boot loader code executed from the BIOS "
"occupies the rest of this MBR."
msgstr ""
"通常，系統從主硬件的特定分區中引導。傳統 PC 硬盤的最開始兩個扇區中包含了"
"<ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">主引導記錄（MBR）</ulink>。在 MBR 的末尾"
"記錄了磁盤分區信息及引導選擇。BIOS 中執行的首段引導加載代碼佔據了 MBR 的其餘"
"部分。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Stage 2: the boot loader"
msgstr "第二階段：引載加載程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&bootloader;\">boot loader</ulink> is the 2nd stage of the "
"boot process which is started by the BIOS.  It loads the system kernel image "
"and the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> image to the memory and hands "
"control over to them.  This initrd image is the root filesystem image and "
"its support depends on the bootloader used."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bootloader;\">引導加載程序</ulink>是啓動過程的第二階段，由 "
"BIOS 啓動。引導加載程序將系統內核映像和 <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</"
"ulink> 映像加載到內存並將控制權交給它們。initrd 映像是根文件系統映像，其支持"
"程度依賴於所使用的引導加載程序。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The Debian system normally uses the Linux kernel as the default system "
#| "kernel. The initrd image for the current 2.6/3.x Linux kernel is "
#| "technically the initramfs (initial RAM filesystem) image. The initramfs "
#| "image is a gzipped cpio archive of files in the root filesystem."
msgid ""
"The Debian system normally uses the Linux kernel as the default system "
"kernel. The initrd image for the current 2.6/3.x Linux kernel is technically "
"the <ulink url=\"&initramfs;\">initramfs</ulink> (initial RAM filesystem) "
"image. The basic initrd image is a compressed cpio archive of files in the "
"root filesystem.  The kernel can update microcode very early during boot "
"before loading this basic initrd image.  This is facilitated by the combined "
"initrd image which is microcode binary blob in uncompressed cpio format "
"followed by the basic initrd image."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統通常使用 Linux 內核作爲其默認的系統內核。當前 2.6/3.x 版本 Linux "
"內核的 initrd 映像從技術上說是 initramfs（初始化 RAM 文件系統）映像。"
"initramfs 映像是根文件系統中所有文件的 cpio 歸檔再經過 gzip 壓縮得到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "You see how <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdebootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> populate system data for <literal>sid</literal> "
#| "environment under \"<literal>/sid-root</literal>\"."
msgid ""
"You can inspect the content of the initrd image file using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsinitramfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>unmkinitramfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> from the "
"<literal>initramfs-tools-core</literal> package.  See more on <ulink url="
"\"&httpswikidebianorginitramfs;\">https://wiki.debian.org/initramfs</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"你能夠看到 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdebootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 是如何在 \"<literal>/sid-root</literal>\" 下部署 "
"<literal>sid</literal> 環境的系統資料."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default install of the Debian system places first-stage GRUB boot loader "
"code into the <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> for the PC platform. There "
"are many boot loaders and configuration options available."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統默認將 PC 平臺的 GRUB 引導加載程序的第一階段代碼安裝在 <ulink url="
"\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> 中。可用的引導加載程序和配置選項如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of boot loaders"
msgstr "引導加載程序列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "initrd"
msgstr "initrd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "bootloader"
msgstr "引導加載程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Supported"
msgstr "支持"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">GRUB Legacy</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&grublegacy;\">傳統 GRUB</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and filesystems such as "
"vfat, ext3, …."
msgstr "可智能識別磁盤分區和文件系統（例如 vfat、ext3…）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&grubc;\">GRUB 第 2 版</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"This is smart enough to understand disk partitions and filesystems such as "
"vfat, ext4, …. (default)"
msgstr "可智能識別磁盤分區和文件系統（例如 vfat、ext4…）。（默認安裝）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "This is GRUB 2 bootable rescue images (CD and floppy) (PC/BIOS version)"
msgstr "此爲 GRUB 第 2 版的可引導修復映像（CD 和軟盤）（PC / BIOS 版本）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lilo;\">Lilo</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "This relies on the sector locations of data on the hard disk. (Old)"
msgstr "依賴於數據在硬盤上的扇區位置。（較老）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isolinux;\">Isolinux</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "This understands the ISO9660 filesystem.  This is used by the boot CD."
msgstr "可識別 ISO9660 文件系統。引導 CD 使用此項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&syslinux;\">Syslinux</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"This understands the <ulink url=\"&msdosfilesystemfat;\">MSDOS filesystem "
"(FAT)</ulink>.  This is used by the boot floppy."
msgstr ""
"可識別 <ulink url=\"&msdosfilesystemfat;\">MSDOS 文件系統（FAT）</ulink>。引"
"導軟盤使用此項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&loadlin;\">Loadlin</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "New system is started from the FreeDOS/MSDOS system."
msgstr "新系統從 FreeDOS 或 MSDOS 中啓動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Not supported"
msgstr "不支持"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&mbrbyneilturton;\">MBR by Neil Turton</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&mbrbyneilturton;\">Neil Turton 的 MBR</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"This is free software which substitutes MSDOS <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</"
"ulink>.  This only understands disk partitions."
msgstr ""
"此爲取代 MSDOS <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> 的自由軟件。只可識別硬盤分"
"區。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Do not play with boot loaders without having bootable rescue media (CD or "
#| "floppy) created from images in the <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> "
#| "package.  It makes you boot your system even without functioning "
#| "bootloader on the hard disk."
msgid ""
"Do not play with boot loaders without having bootable rescue media (USB "
"memory stick, CD or floppy) created from images in the <literal>grub-rescue-"
"pc</literal> package.  It makes you boot your system even without "
"functioning bootloader on the hard disk."
msgstr ""
"假如沒有從 <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> 軟件包中的映像製作出來的可引導修"
"覆盤（CD 或軟盤）在手邊，請勿把玩引導加載程序。即使硬盤上沒有可正常工作的引導"
"加載程序，可引導修覆盤也能引導你的系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For GRUB Legacy, the menu configuration file is located at \"<literal>/boot/"
"grub/menu.lst</literal>\".  For example, it has entries as the following."
msgstr ""
"傳統 GRUB 的菜單配置文件位於 <literal>/boot/grub/menu.lst</literal>。例如，文"
"件中有如下的配置條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"title           Debian GNU/Linux\n"
"root            (hd0,2)\n"
"kernel          /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 ro\n"
"initrd          /initrd.img"
msgstr ""
"title           Debian GNU/Linux\n"
"root            (hd0,2)\n"
"kernel          /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 ro\n"
"initrd          /initrd.img"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For GRUB 2, the menu configuration file is located at \"<literal>/boot/grub/"
"grub.cfg</literal>\". It is automatically generated by \"<literal>/usr/sbin/"
"update-grub</literal>\" using templates from \"<literal>/etc/grub.d/*</"
"literal>\" and settings from \"<literal>/etc/default/grub</literal>\".  For "
"example, it has entries as the following."
msgstr ""
"GRUB 第 2 版的菜單配置文件位於 <literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>。此文件"
"由 <literal>/usr/sbin/update-grub</literal> 根據 \"<literal>/etc/grub.d/*</"
"literal>\" 中的模板及 \"<literal>/etc/default/grub</literal>\" 中的設置自動生"
"成。例如，文件中有如下的配置條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"menuentry \"Debian GNU/Linux\" {\n"
"        set root=(hd0,3)\n"
"        linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3\n"
"        initrd /initrd.img\n"
"}"
msgstr ""
"menuentry \"Debian GNU/Linux\" {\n"
"        set root=(hd0,3)\n"
"        linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3\n"
"        initrd /initrd.img\n"
"}"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For these examples, these GRUB parameters mean the following."
msgstr "這些示例中，GRUB 參數的含義如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "The meaning of GRUB parameters"
msgstr "GRUB 參數的含義"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "GRUB parameter"
msgstr "GRUB 參數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>root</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>root</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"use 3rd partition on the primary disk by setting it as \"<literal>(hd0,2)</"
"literal>\" in GRUB legacy or as \"<literal>(hd0,3)</literal>\" in GRUB 2"
msgstr ""
"使用主磁盤的第 3 個分區，在傳統 GRUB 中將此參數設置爲 \"<literal>(hd0,2)</"
"literal>\"，在 GRUB 第 2 版中將此參數設置爲 \"<literal>(hd0,3)</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>kernel</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>kernel</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"use kernel located at \"<literal>/vmlinuz</literal>\" with kernel parameter: "
"\"<literal>root=/dev/hda3 ro</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"使用位於 \"<literal>/vmlinuz</literal>\" 的內核，同時將 \"<literal>root=/dev/"
"hda3 ro</literal>\" 作爲參數傳遞給內核"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>initrd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>initrd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"use <ulink url=\"&initrdinitramfs;\">initrd/initramfs</ulink> image located "
"at \"<literal>/initrd.img</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&initrdinitramfs;\">initrd/initramfs</ulink> 映像，其位於 "
"\"<literal>/initrd.img</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The value of the partition number used by GRUB legacy program is one less "
"than normal one used by Linux kernel and utility tools.  GRUB 2 program "
"fixes this problem."
msgstr ""
"傳統 GRUB 使用的分區號爲 Linux 內核及各種實用工具使用的分區號減 1。GRUB 第 2 "
"版修復了這個問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>) may be used to identify a block "
"special device instead of its file name such as \"<literal>/dev/hda3</"
"literal>\", e.g.\"<literal>root=UUID=81b289d5-4341-4003-9602-e254a17ac232 "
"ro</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在標識一個塊設備時，可能需要使用 <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink>（參見"
"<xref linkend=\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>）而不是類似 \"<literal>/"
"dev/hda3</literal>\" 這樣的文件名，例如 "
"\"<literal>root=UUID=81b289d5-4341-4003-9602-e254a17ac232 ro</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If <ulink url=\"&grub;\">GRUB</ulink> is used, the kernel boot parameter is "
"set in <literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>.  On Debian system, you should "
"not edit <literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal> directly.  You should edit "
"the <literal>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</literal> value in <literal>/etc/"
"default/grub</literal> and run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-grub</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to update <literal>/"
"boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>."
msgstr ""
"如果使用了 <ulink url=\"&grub;\">GRUB</ulink>，內核的啓動參數可以在 "
"<literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal> 裏面設置。在 Debian 系統裏，你不應該直"
"接編輯 <literal>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</literal>。你可以通過編輯 <literal>/etc/"
"default/grub</literal> 文件中 <literal>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</literal> "
"的值並運行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-grub</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來更新 <literal>/boot/"
"grub/grub.cfg</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can start a boot loader from another boot loader using techniques called "
"<ulink url=\"&chainloading;\">chain loading</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"通過使用<ulink url=\"&chainloading;\">鏈式引導</ulink>技術，你可以在一個引導"
"裝載程序中啓動另一個引導裝載程序。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>info grub</literal>\" and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grub-"
"install</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 “<literal>info grub</literal>” 及 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grub-"
"install</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Stage 3: the mini-Debian system"
msgstr "第三階段：迷你 Debian 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The mini-Debian system is the 3rd stage of the boot process which is started "
"by the boot loader.  It runs the system kernel with its root filesystem on "
"the memory. This is an optional preparatory stage of the boot process."
msgstr ""
"迷你 Debian 系統是啓動流程的第三階段，由引導加載程序啓動。它會在內存中運行系"
"統內核和根文件系統。這是啓動流程的一個可選準備階段。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The term \"the mini-Debian system\" is coined by the author to describe this "
"3rd stage boot process for this document.  This system is commonly referred "
"as the <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> or initramfs system. Similar "
"system on the memory is used by <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">the "
"Debian Installer</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"“迷你 Debian 系統”是筆者自創的術語，用於在本文檔中描述啓動流程的第三個階段。"
"這個系統通常被稱爲 <ulink url=\"&initrd;\">initrd</ulink> 或 initramfs 系統。"
"內存中類似的系統在 <ulink url=\"&thedebianinstaller;\">Debian 安裝程序</"
"ulink>中使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script is executed as the first program "
#| "in this root filesystem on the memory.  It is a shell script program "
#| "which initializes the kernel in user space and hands control over to the "
#| "next stage. This mini-Debian system offers flexibility to the boot "
#| "process such as adding kernel modules before the main boot process or "
#| "mounting the root filesystem as an encrypted one."
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" program is executed as the first program in "
"this root filesystem on the memory. It is a program which initializes the "
"kernel in user space and hands control over to the next stage. This mini-"
"Debian system offers flexibility to the boot process such as adding kernel "
"modules before the main boot process or mounting the root filesystem as an "
"encrypted one."
msgstr ""
"<literal>/init</literal> 腳本是內存中的根文件系統上執行的第一個程序。它是一"
"個 shell 腳本程序，用於內存在用戶空間的初始化並把控制權交給下一階段。迷你 "
"Debian 系統能夠在主引導流程之前添加內核模塊或以加密形式掛載根文件系統，使引導"
"流程更加靈活。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Restart <literal>aptitude</literal> in interactive mode and mark needed "
#| "packages as \"<literal>m</literal>\"."
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" program is a shell script program if "
"initramfs was created by <literal>initramfs-tools</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在互動模式下重啟 <literal>aptitude</literal> 程式，用 “<literal>m</literal>” "
"命令標記所需要的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You can interrupt this part of the boot process to gain root shell by "
"providing \"<literal>break=init</literal>\" etc. to the kernel boot "
"parameter. See the \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script for more break "
"conditions.  This shell environment is sophisticated enough to make a good "
"inspection of your machine's hardware."
msgstr ""
"通過給內核添加 “<literal>break=init</literal>\" 等啓動參數，你可以中斷這部分"
"啓動流程以獲取 root shell。更多中斷條件請參見 ”<literal>/init</literal>“ 腳"
"本。這個 shell 環境已足夠成熟，你可通過它很好地檢查機器的硬件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down ones and "
"mainly provided by a GNU tool called <citerefentry><refentrytitle>busybox</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"迷你 Debian 系統中可用的命令是精簡過的，且主要由一個稱爲 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>busybox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 GNU 工具提供。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Set \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" "
#| "mount option in <literal>/etc/fstab</literal>."
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" program is a binary <literal>systemd</"
"literal> program if initramfs was created by <literal>dracut</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>noatime</literal>” 或 "
"“<literal>relatime</literal>” 掛載選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down ones and "
#| "mainly provided by a GNU tool called "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>busybox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> environment."
msgstr ""
"迷你 Debian 系統中可用的命令是精簡過的，且主要由一個稱爲 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>busybox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 GNU 工具提供。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"You need to use \"<literal>-n</literal>\" option for <literal>mount</"
"literal> command when you are on the readonly root filesystem."
msgstr ""
"當在一個只讀的根文件系統上時，使用 <literal>mount</literal> 命令需要添加 "
"<literal>-n</literal> 選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Stage 4: the normal Debian system"
msgstr "第四階段：常規 Debian 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The normal Debian system is the 4th stage of the boot process which is "
"started by the mini-Debian system.  The system kernel for the mini-Debian "
"system continues to run in this environment. The root filesystem is switched "
"from the one on the memory to the one on the real hard disk filesystem."
msgstr ""
"常規 Debian 系統是啓動流程的第四階段，由迷你 Debian 系統啓動。迷你 Debian 系"
"統的內核在此環境下繼續運行。根文件系統將由內存切換到實際的硬盤文件系統上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&init;\">init</ulink> program is executed as the first "
"program with PID=1 to perform the main boot process of starting many "
"programs.  The default file path for the init program is \"<literal>/sbin/"
"init</literal>\" but it can be changed by the kernel boot parameter as "
"\"<literal>init=/path/to/init_program</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&init;\">init</ulink> 程序是系統執行的第一個程序（PID=1），它啓"
"動其它各種程序以完成主引導流程。init 程序的默認路徑是 ”<literal>/sbin/init</"
"literal>“，但可通過內核啓動參數修改，例如 ”<literal>init=/path/to/"
"init_program</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The default init program has been changing:"
msgstr "默認的 init 程序一直在變化中："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian before <literal>squeeze</literal> uses the simple <ulink url=\"&sysv;"
"\">SysV</ulink>-style init."
msgstr ""
"<literal>squeeze</literal> 之前的 Debian，使用簡單的 <ulink url=\"&sysv;"
"\">SysV</ulink> 風格的 init。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian <literal>wheezy</literal> improves the SysV-style init by ordering "
"the boot sequence with LSB header and starting boot scripts in parallel."
msgstr ""
"<literal>wheezy</literal> 版本的 Debian 對 SysV 風格的 init 做了改進：使用 "
"LSB 頭將啓動步驟排序，同時並行執行啓動腳本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian <literal>jessie</literal> switches its default init to the <ulink url="
"\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> for the event-driven and parallel "
"initialization."
msgstr ""
"<literal>jessie</literal>版本的 Debian 將默認 init 切換成 <ulink url="
"\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>，以使用事件驅動和並行初始化。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The actual init command on your system can be verified by the \"<literal>ps "
"--pid 1 -f</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""
"你的系統中實際使用的 init 命令可以使用 “<literal>ps --pid 1 -f</literal>” 命"
"令確認。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Set \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" "
#| "mount option in <literal>/etc/fstab</literal>."
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/sbin/init</literal>\" is symlinked to \"<literal>/lib/systemd/"
"systemd</literal>\" after Debian <literal>jessie</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>noatime</literal>” 或 "
"“<literal>relatime</literal>” 掛載選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of boot utilities for the Debian system"
msgstr "Debian 系統啓動工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"event-based <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> daemon for concurrency (alternative to "
"<literal>sysvinit</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"基於事件且支持並發的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 守護進程（可替代 "
"<literal>sysvinit</literal>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "redirect both standard output and standard error of <literal>command</"
#| "literal> to a file <literal>foo</literal>"
msgid ""
"the manual pages and links needed for <literal>systemd</literal> to replace "
"<literal>sysvinit</literal>"
msgstr ""
"將 <literal>command</literal> 的標準輸出和標準錯誤重定向到文件 <literal>foo</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "\"<literal>info libc</literal>\" provided by <literal>glibc-doc</literal> "
#| "and <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal>"
msgid ""
"<literal>systemd</literal> units to provide <literal>cron</literal> daemon "
"and <literal>anacron</literal> functionality"
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>glibc-doc</literal> 和 <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> "
"提供的“<literal>info libc</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "exactly one character with any character between \"<literal>a</literal>\" "
#| "and \"<literal>z</literal>\""
msgid ""
"helper tools for switching between <literal>sysvinit</literal> and "
"<literal>systemd</literal>"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>a</literal>\" 到 \"<literal>z</literal>\" 之間的任意一個字元都可以"
"作為精確字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "scripts for initializing and shutting down the system"
msgstr "用於初始化和關閉系統的腳本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"System-V-like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> utilities"
msgstr ""
"類 System V 的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "System-V-like runlevel change mechanism"
msgstr "類 System V 的運行級別修改機制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"System-V-like utilities (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>startpar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootlogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …)"
msgstr ""
"類 System V 的實用工具（<citerefentry><refentrytitle>startpar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootlogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，……）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxstandardbase;\">Linux Standard Base</ulink> 3.2 init "
"script functionality"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxstandardbase;\">Linux 標準規範</ulink> 3.2 版的 init 腳本"
"功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tool to organize boot sequence using LSB init.d script dependencies"
msgstr "利用 LSB init.d 腳本依賴性來組織啓動步驟的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tools to use userspace software suspend provided by Linux"
msgstr "使用 Linux 提供的使用者態軟體 suspend 的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"kexec tool for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kexec</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> reboots (warm reboot)"
msgstr ""
"用於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kexec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 重啟（熱啟動）的 kexec 工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "boot process performance analyser"
msgstr "啟動流程效能分析器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "boot process performance analyser (visualisation)"
msgstr "啟動流程效能分析器（視覺化）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"console-only <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"僅包含控制檯的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"smart modem <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> replacement"
msgstr ""
"可智慧調製解調的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 替代品"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&debianwikibootprocessspeedup;\">Debian wiki: "
"BootProcessSpeedup</ulink> for the latest tips to speed up the boot process."
msgstr ""
"有關啟動流程加速的最新資訊，請參見 <ulink url="
"\"&debianwikibootprocessspeedup;\">Debian 維基：啟動流程加速</ulink>詞條。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "SysV-style init"
msgid "Systemd init"
msgstr "SysV 風格的 init"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "set additional environment variables by the "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> module with the \"<literal>readenv=1</literal>"
#| "\" argument"
msgid ""
"This section describes how system is started by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> program with <literal>PID=1</literal> (i.e., init "
"process)."
msgstr ""
"通過帶有 “<literal>readenv=1</literal>” 引數的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定額外的環境變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" file "
#| "generated by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>depmod</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program describes "
#| "module dependencies used by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program."
msgid ""
"The <literal>systemd</literal> init process spawns processes in parallel "
"based on the unit configuration files (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>) which are written in declarative style instead of "
"SysV-like procedural style.  These are loaded from a set of paths (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) as follows:"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" 檔案由 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>depmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 程式生成，它描述了 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式使用的模組依賴性."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file"
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/lib/systemd/system</literal>\": OS default configuration files"
msgstr "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> 生成配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/systemd/system</literal>\": system administrator "
"configuration files which override the OS default configuration files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/run/systemd/system</literal>\": run-time generated configuration "
"files which override the installed configuration files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Multiple files (\"<literal>file1</literal>\", \"<literal>file2</literal>"
#| "\", and \"<literal>file3</literal>\") can be processed with regular "
#| "expressions similarly with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"Their inter-dependencies are specified by the directives \"<literal>Wants=</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>Requires=</literal>\", \"<literal>Before=</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>After=</literal>\", … (see \"MAPPING OF UNIT PROPERTIES TO "
"THEIR INVERSES\" in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).  The resource "
"controls are also defined (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-"
"control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
msgstr ""
"多個檔案（ “<literal>file1</literal>”，“<literal>file2</literal>” 和 "
"“<literal>file3</literal>” ）可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 通過正則表示式進行類似的處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "The suffix of the unit configuration file encodes their types as:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "send a SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM to all processes, "
#| "except for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.service</emphasis> describes the process "
"controlled and supervised by <literal>systemd</literal>. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"傳送 SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM 到所有程序，除開 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "\"<literal>/dest/foo</literal>\": <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, GNU "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#| "citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.device</emphasis> describes the device exposed "
"in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> device tree. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dest/foo</literal>\": <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, GNU "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Set \"<literal>commit=600</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/"
#| "fstab</literal>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.mount</emphasis> describes the file system mount "
"point controlled and supervised by <literal>systemd</literal>. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>commit=600</literal>” 掛載"
"選項。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Set \"<literal>commit=600</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/"
#| "fstab</literal>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.automount</emphasis> describes the file system "
"auto mount point controlled and supervised by <literal>systemd</literal>. "
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>commit=600</literal>” 掛載"
"選項。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "send a SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM to all processes, "
#| "except for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.swap</emphasis> describes the swap device or "
"file controlled and supervised by <literal>systemd</literal>. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"傳送 SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM 到所有程序，除開 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, use <literal>systemd-"
#| "timesyncd</literal> for the network time synchronization instead.  See "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.path</emphasis> describes the path monitored by "
"<literal>systemd</literal> for path-based activation. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 下，是使用 <literal>systemd-"
"timesyncd</literal> 來替代進行網路時間同步。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, use <literal>systemd-"
#| "timesyncd</literal> for the network time synchronization instead.  See "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.socket</emphasis> describes the socket "
"controlled and supervised by <literal>systemd</literal> for socket-based "
"activation. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 下，是使用 <literal>systemd-"
"timesyncd</literal> 來替代進行網路時間同步。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, use <literal>systemd-"
#| "timesyncd</literal> for the network time synchronization instead.  See "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.timer</emphasis> describes the timer controlled "
"and supervised by <literal>systemd</literal> for timer-based activation. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 下，是使用 <literal>systemd-"
"timesyncd</literal> 來替代進行網路時間同步。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Gtk+ frontend to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.slice</emphasis> manages resources with the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 Gtk+ 前端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, use <literal>systemd-"
#| "timesyncd</literal> for the network time synchronization instead.  See "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.scope</emphasis> is created programmatically "
"using the bus interfaces of <literal>systemd</literal> to manages a set of "
"system processes. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 下，是使用 <literal>systemd-"
"timesyncd</literal> 來替代進行網路時間同步。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "send a SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM to all processes, "
#| "except for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">*.target</emphasis> groups other unit "
"configuration files to create the synchronization point during start-up. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"傳送 SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM 到所有程序，除開 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Upon system start up (i.e., init), the <literal>systemd</literal> process "
"tries to start the \"<literal>/lib/systemd/system/default.target</literal> "
"(normally symlinked to \"<literal>graphical.target</literal>\").  First, "
"some special target units (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>) such as "
"\"<literal>local-fs.target</literal>\", \"<literal>swap.target</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>cryptsetup.target</literal>\" are pulled in to mount the "
"filesystems.  Then, other target units are also pulled in by the target unit "
"dependencies. For details, read <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>systemd</literal> offers backward compatibility features.  SysV-"
"style boot scripts in \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rc[0123456S].d/[KS]&lt;name&gt;"
"</literal>\" are still parsed and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telinit</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is translated into "
"systemd unit activation requests."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Emulated runlevel 2 to 4 are all symlinked to the same \"<literal>multi-user."
"target</literal>\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The hostname"
msgstr "主機名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The kernel maintains the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">hostname</"
#| "emphasis>.  The init script in runlevel S which is symlinked to "
#| "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" sets the system hostname "
#| "at boot time (using the <literal>hostname</literal> command) to the name "
#| "stored in \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  This file should contain "
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis> the system hostname, not a "
#| "fully qualified domain name."
msgid ""
"The kernel maintains the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">hostname</"
"emphasis>.  The system unit started by <literal>systemd-hostnamed.service</"
"literal> sets the system hostname at boot time to the name stored in "
"\"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  This file should contain <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">only</emphasis> the system hostname, not a fully qualified "
"domain name."
msgstr ""
"核心包含了系統<emphasis role=\"strong\">主機名</emphasis>。在啟動的時候，連結"
"到 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" 執行等級為 S 的 init 指令碼"
"設定了系統主機名 (使用 <literal>hostname</literal> 命令)，此主機名儲存在 "
"\"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\"。這個檔案應該<emphasis role=\"strong\">"
"只</emphasis>包含系統主機名，而不是全稱域名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To print out the current hostname run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> without an argument."
msgstr ""
"不帶引數執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令可以打印出當前的主"
"機名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The filesystem"
msgstr "檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The mount options of normal disk and network filesystems are set in "
#| "\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\".  See <xref linkend="
#| "\"_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options\"/>."
msgid ""
"The mount options of normal disk and network filesystems are set in "
"\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\".  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <xref linkend="
"\"_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options\"/>."
msgstr ""
"硬碟和網路檔案系統的掛載選項可以在 \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" 中設定，"
"參考 <xref linkend=\"_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Set \"<literal>commit=600</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/"
#| "fstab</literal>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"The configuration of the encrypted filesystem is set in \"<literal>/etc/"
"crypttab</literal>\".  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>commit=600</literal>” 掛載"
"選項。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial.conf</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"The configuration of software RAID with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mdadm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is set in \"<literal>/"
"etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf</literal>\".  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mdadm."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"After mounting all the filesystems, temporary files in \"<literal>/tmp</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/var/lock</literal>\", and \"<literal>/var/run</"
"literal>\" are cleaned for each boot up."
msgstr ""
"每次啟動的時候，在掛載了所有檔案系統以後，\"<literal>/tmp</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/var/lock</literal>\", 和 \"<literal>/var/run</literal>\" 中的臨時"
"檔案會被清空。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Network interface initialization"
msgstr "網路介面初始化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Network interfaces are typically initialized in \"<literal>networking."
"service</literal>\" for the <literal>lo</literal> interface and "
"\"<literal>NetworkManager.service</literal>\" for other interfaces on modern "
"Debian desktop system under <literal>systemd</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_network_setup\"/> for how to configure them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The kernel message"
msgstr "核心訊息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The kernel error message displayed to the console can be configured by "
"setting its threshold level."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dmesg -n3"
msgstr "# dmesg -n3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of kernel error levels"
msgstr "核心錯誤級別表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "error level value"
msgstr "錯誤級別值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "error level name"
msgstr "錯誤級別名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_EMERG"
msgstr "KERN_EMERG"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "system is unusable"
msgstr "系統不可用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_ALERT"
msgstr "KERN_ALERT"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "action must be taken immediately"
msgstr "行為必須被立即採取"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_CRIT"
msgstr "KERN_CRIT"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "critical conditions"
msgstr "危險條件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "3"
msgstr "3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_ERR"
msgstr "KERN_ERR"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "error conditions"
msgstr "錯誤條件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "4"
msgstr "4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_WARNING"
msgstr "KERN_WARNING"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "warning conditions"
msgstr "警告條件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "5"
msgstr "5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_NOTICE"
msgstr "KERN_NOTICE"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "normal but significant condition"
msgstr "普通但重要的條件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "6"
msgstr "6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_INFO"
msgstr "KERN_INFO"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "informational"
msgstr "資訊提示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "7"
msgstr "7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KERN_DEBUG"
msgstr "KERN_DEBUG"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "debug-level messages"
msgstr "debug 級別的資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The system message"
msgstr "系統訊息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Under <literal>systemd</literal>, both kernel and system messages are logged "
"by the journal service <literal>systemd-journald.service</literal> (a.k.a "
"<literal>journald</literal>) either into a persistent binary data below "
"\"<literal>/var/log/journal</literal>\" or into a volatile binary data below "
"\"<literal>/run/log/journal/</literal>\". These binary log data are accessed "
"by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The specialized search command <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can search the "
#| "local copies of \"<literal>status</literal>\" and \"<literal>available</"
#| "literal>\" meta data."
msgid ""
"Under <literal>systemd</literal>, the system logging utility "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> changes its behavior to read the volatile binary "
"log data (instead of pre-systemd default \"<literal>/dev/log</literal>\") "
"and to create traditional permanent ASCII system log data."
msgstr ""
"專門的搜尋命令 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep-dctrl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以搜尋 "
"“<literal>status</literal>” 和 “<literal>available</literal>” 元資料的本地副"
"本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The system message can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/default/rsyslog</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/rsyslog.conf</literal>\" for both the log "
"file and on-screen display. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslog.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.  See also <xref linkend=\"_log_analyzer\"/>."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/default/rsyslog</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/rsyslog.conf</"
"literal>\" 能夠自定義系統訊息的日誌檔案和螢幕顯示。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslog.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>，也可以參見<xref "
"linkend=\"_log_analyzer\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "System management under systemd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>systemd</literal> offers not only init system but also generic "
"system management functionalities such as journal logging, login management, "
"time management, network management. etc.."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#| "citerefentry> is a stream editor."
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is managed by several commands:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個流編輯器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#| "citerefentry> and html by <literal>fp-docs</literal> (Pascal)"
msgid ""
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command controls the <literal>systemd</literal> "
"system and service manager (CLI),"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和由 <literal>fp-docs</literal> 包提供的 html 文檔（Pascal）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#| "citerefentry> and html by <literal>fp-docs</literal> (Pascal)"
msgid ""
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemsdm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command controls the <literal>systemd</literal> "
"system and service manager (GUI),"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和由 <literal>fp-docs</literal> 包提供的 html 文檔（Pascal）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for <literal>squeeze</literal> or newer"
msgid ""
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command queries the <literal>systemd</literal> "
"journal,"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 供 <literal>squeeze</literal> 或更新的版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> for <literal>squeeze</literal> or newer"
msgid ""
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command controls the <literal>systemd</literal> "
"login manager, and"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 供 <literal>squeeze</literal> 或更新的版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#| "citerefentry> is a stream editor."
msgid ""
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-analyze</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> analyzes system boot-"
"up performance."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個流編輯器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are a list of typical <literal>systemd</literal> management command "
"snippets.  For the exact meanings, please read the pertinent manpages."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Log of <literal>aptitude</literal> command activity"
msgid "List of typical <literal>systemd</literal> management command snippets"
msgstr "<literal>aptitude</literal> 命令活動日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "equation"
msgid "Operation"
msgstr "表示式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Type"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Command name"
msgid "Command snippets"
msgstr "命令名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "secure service name"
msgid "GUI for service manager"
msgstr "安全的服務名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"
msgid ""
"\"<literal>systemadm</literal>\" (<literal>systemd-ui</literal> package)"
msgstr "<literal>stable</literal> (<literal>&codename-stable;</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Disk partition configuration"
msgid "List all target unit configuration"
msgstr "硬碟分割槽配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Unit"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-units --type=target</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Disk partition configuration"
msgid "List all service unit configuration"
msgstr "硬碟分割槽配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-units --type=service</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>apt-get dist-upgrade</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "List of network configuration tools"
msgid "List all unit configuration types"
msgstr "網絡配置工具一覽表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>netstat -ln --tcp</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-units --type=help</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>netstat -ln --tcp</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "List all socket units in memory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-sockets</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "List all timer units in memory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>xset -dpms</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-timers</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>xset -dpms</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""
msgid "Start \"<literal>$unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl start $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""
msgid "Stop \"<literal>$unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>cvs init</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl stop $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>cvs init</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The mail address configuration"
msgid "Reload service-specific configuration"
msgstr "郵件地址配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>string</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl reload $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>string</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "A line starting with a hash \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgid "Stop and start all \"<literal>$unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>#</literal>\" 號開始的行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl restart $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Start <literal>exim4</literal> by the following."
msgid "Start \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" and stop all others"
msgstr "通過如下所示的啟動 <literal>exim4</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl isolate $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>| sort| uniq</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Mount \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" filesystem"
msgid "Switch to \"<literal>graphical</literal>\" (GUI system)"
msgstr "掛載 \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -h</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl isolate graphical</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -h</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Mount \"<literal>/dev/pts</literal>\" filesystem"
msgid "Switch to \"<literal>multi-user</literal>\" (CLI system)"
msgstr "掛載 \"<literal>/dev/pts</literal>\" 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl isolate multi-user</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Mount \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" filesystem"
msgid "Switch to \"<literal>rescue</literal>\" (single user CLI system)"
msgstr "掛載 \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl isolate rescue</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "find all files under \"<literal>/usr</literal>\""
msgid "Send kill signal to \"<literal>$unit</literal>\""
msgstr "找出\"<literal>/usr</literal>\"下的所有檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>git init</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl kill $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>git init</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable"
msgid "Check if \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" service is active"
msgstr "“<literal>$LANG</literal>”變量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl is-active $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" variable"
msgid "Check if \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" service is failed"
msgstr "“<literal>$LANG</literal>”變量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl is-failed $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgid "Check status of \"<literal>$unit|$PID|device</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數的值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>svn status</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl status $unit|$PID|$device</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>svn status</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgid "Show properties of \"<literal>$unit|$job</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數的值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl show $unit|$job</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>aptitude show foo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "remove a file \"<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>\""
msgid "Reset failed \"<literal>$unit</literal>\""
msgstr "刪除文件“<literal>&lt;junkfile&gt;</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>netstat -l --inet</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl reset-failed $unit\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>netstat -l --inet</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Check dependency on libraries"
msgid "List dependency of all unit services"
msgstr "檢查庫依賴性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>xset -dpms</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-dependencies --all</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>xset -dpms</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "List of boot utilities for the Debian system"
msgid "List unit files installed on the system"
msgstr "Debian 系統啓動工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "man file"
msgid "Unit file"
msgstr "幫助文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>bsdmainutils</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl list-unit-files</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>bsdmainutils</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgid "Enable \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" (add symlink)"
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數的值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl enable $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "PID=1 is usually the <literal>init</literal> program."
msgid "Disable \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" (remove symlink)"
msgstr "PID=1 通常用於 <literal>init</literal> 程式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>dialout</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl disable $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>dialout</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgid ""
"Unmask \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" (remove symlink to \"<literal>/dev/null</"
"literal>\")"
msgstr "\"<literal> /sbin</literal> \" 和 \"<literal> /bin</literal> \""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>cvs init</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl unmask $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>cvs init</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgid ""
"Mask \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" (add symlink to \"<literal>/dev/null</"
"literal>\")"
msgstr "\"<literal> /sbin</literal> \" 和 \"<literal> /bin</literal> \""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>cvs init</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl mask $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>cvs init</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Get default-target setting"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl get-default</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Mount \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" filesystem"
msgid "Set default-target to \"<literal>graphical</literal>\" (GUI system)"
msgstr "掛載 \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl set-default graphical</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Set default-target to \"<literal>multi-user</literal>\" (CLI system)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl set-default multi-user</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "network environment"
msgid "Show job environment"
msgstr "網路環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "environment"
msgid "Environment"
msgstr "環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl show-environment</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>/var/run</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run</literal>\""
msgid ""
"Set job environment \"<literal>variable</literal>\" to \"<literal>value</"
"literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/var/run</literal>\" → \"<literal>/run</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl set-environment variable=value</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "remove \"<literal>.ext</literal>\""
msgid "Unset job environment \"<literal>variable</literal>\""
msgstr "刪除 \"<literal>.ext</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl unset-environment variable</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Reload all unit files and daemons"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Lifecycle"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl daemon-reload</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "How to shutdown the system"
msgid "Shut down the system"
msgstr "怎樣關閉系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "System V"
msgid "System"
msgstr "System V"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>setterm -powersave off</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl poweroff</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>setterm -powersave off</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "reboot the system"
msgid "Shut down and reboot the system"
msgstr "重啟系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>root</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl reboot</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>root</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "reboot the system"
msgid "Suspend the system"
msgstr "重啟系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>svn status</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl suspend</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>svn status</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "halt the system"
msgid "Hibernate the system"
msgstr "將系統停止"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>string</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemctl hibernate</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>string</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "value of \"<literal>$HOME</literal>\""
msgid "View job log of \"<literal>$unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$HOME</literal>\" 變數的值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Journal"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>journalctl -u $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" and \"<literal>/bin</literal>\""
msgid ""
"View job log of \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" (\"<literal>tail -f</literal>\" "
"style)"
msgstr "\"<literal> /sbin</literal> \" 和 \"<literal> /bin</literal> \""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>journalctl -u $unit -f</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The system initialization"
msgid "Show time spent for each initialization steps"
msgstr "系統初始化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Log analyzer"
msgid "Analyze"
msgstr "日誌分析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>systemd-analyze time</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "List of all units by the time to initialize"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>null</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemd-analyze blame</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>null</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "match any characters in \"<literal>abc…</literal>\""
msgid "Load and detect errors in \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" file"
msgstr "匹配在 “<literal>abc...</literal>” 中的任意字符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>string</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemd-analyze verify $unit</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>string</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"Track boot process by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cgroups</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "group"
msgid "Cgroup"
msgstr "組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "\"<literal>string</literal>\""
msgid "\"<literal>systemd-cgls</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>string</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"
msgid "\"<literal>ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args</literal>\""
msgstr "<literal>ps axf | pager</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Read <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> under \"<literal>/sys/fs/cgroup/"
"systemd/</literal>\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, \"<literal>$unit</literal>\" in the above examples may be a single "
"unit name (suffix such as <literal>.service</literal> and <literal>.target</"
"literal> are optional) or, in many cases, multiple unit specifications "
"(shell-style globs \"<literal>*</literal>\", \"<literal>?</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>[]</literal>\" using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fnmatch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> which will be matched "
"against the primary names of all units currently in memory)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"System state changing commands in the above examples are typically preceded "
"by the \"<literal>sudo</literal>\" to attain the required administrative "
"privilege."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The output of the \"<literal>systemctl status $unit|$PID|$device</literal>\" "
"uses color of the dot (\"●\") to summarize the unit state at a glance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "White \"●\" indicates an \"inactive\" or \"deactivating\" state."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Red \"●\" indicates a \"failed\" or \"error\" state."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Green \"●\" indicates an \"active\", \"reloading\" or \"activating\" state."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Customizing vim"
msgid "Customizing systemd"
msgstr "定製vim"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"With default installation, many network services (see <xref linkend="
"\"_network_applications\"/>) are started as daemon processes after "
"<literal>network.target</literal> at boot time by <literal>systemd</"
"literal>.  The \"<literal>sshd</literal>\" is no exception.  Let's change "
"this to on-demand start of \"<literal>sshd</literal>\" as a customization "
"example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "First, disable system installed service unit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" $ sudo systemctl stop sshd.service\n"
" $ sudo systemctl mask sshd.service"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The on-demand socket activation system of the classic Unix services was "
"through the <literal>indetd</literal> superserver.  Under <literal>systemd</"
"literal>, the equivalent can be enabled by adding <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">*.socket</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">*.service</emphasis> "
"unit configuration files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "<literal>sshd.socket</literal> for specifying a socket to listen on"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[Unit]\n"
"Description=SSH Socket for Per-Connection Servers\n"
"\n"
"[Socket]\n"
"ListenStream=22\n"
"Accept=yes\n"
"\n"
"[Install]\n"
"WantedBy=sockets.target"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>\" as the "
#| "configuration file for <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>."
msgid ""
"<literal>sshd@.service</literal> as the matching service file of "
"<literal>sshd.socket</literal>"
msgstr ""
"Debian 使用 “<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>” 作為 <literal>libnss-"
"ldap</literal> 的配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[Unit]\n"
"Description=SSH Per-Connection Server\n"
"\n"
"[Service]\n"
"ExecStart=-/usr/sbin/sshd -i\n"
"StandardInput=socket"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Then reload."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid " $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The udev system"
msgstr "udev 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For Linux kernel 2.6 and newer, <ulink url=\"&theudevsystem;\">the udev "
"system</ulink> provides mechanism for the automatic hardware discovery and "
"initialization (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Upon discovery of "
"each device by the kernel, the udev system starts a user process which uses "
"information from the <ulink url=\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> filesystem (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>), loads required kernel modules "
"supporting it using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>), and creates corresponding "
"device nodes."
msgstr ""
"Linux 核心 2.6 和更新的核心，<ulink url=\"&theudevsystem;\">udev 系統</"
"ulink> 提供了自動硬體發現和初始化機制。(參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>).在核心發現每個裝置的基礎上，udev 系統使用從 <ulink url="
"\"&sysfs;\">sysfs</ulink> 檔案系統 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/"
">)的資訊啟動一個使用者程序，使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式 (參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>)載入支援它所要求的核心模組, "
"建立相應的裝置節點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;kernel-version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" "
"was not generated properly by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>depmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for some reason, "
"modules may not be loaded as expected by the udev system. Execute "
"\"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" to fix it."
msgstr ""
"如果由於某些理由，\"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;kernel-version&gt;/modules."
"dep</literal>\"沒有被 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>depmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 正常生成，模組可能不會"
"被 udev 系統按期望的方式載入。執行\"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" 來修復它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The name of device nodes can be configured by udev rule files in \"<literal>/"
"etc/udev/rules.d/</literal>\".  Current default rules tend to create "
"dynamically generated names resulting non-static device names except for cd "
"and network devices.  By adding your custom rules similar to what cd and "
"network devices do, you can generate static device names for other devices "
"such as USB memory sticks, too.  See \"<ulink url=\"&writingudevrules;"
"\">Writing udev rules</ulink>\" or \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/udev/"
"writing_udev_rules/index.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"裝置節點的名字，可以通過\"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/</literal>\"裡的 udev 檔"
"案來配置.當前預設的規則傾向建立動態生成的名字，除了光碟機和網路裝置外，會生成"
"非靜態的裝置名。通過新增和光碟機、網路裝置類似的個性化規則，你也可以為 USB 盤"
"之類的其它裝置，生成靜態裝置名。 參見 \"<ulink url=\"&writingudevrules;"
"\">Writing udev rules</ulink>\" 或 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/udev/"
"writing_udev_rules/index.html</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since the udev system is somewhat a moving target, I leave details to other "
"documentations and describe the minimum information here."
msgstr ""
"由於 udev 系統是一個正在變化的事物，我在其它文件進行了詳細描述，在這裡只提供"
"了最少的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For mounting rules in \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\", device nodes do not "
"need to be static ones. You can use <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> to "
"mount devices instead of device names such as \"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>"
"\".  See <xref linkend=\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\"裡面的掛載規則,裝置節點不必需是靜態的。你能"
"夠使用 <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> 來掛載裝置，來代替\"<literal>/dev/"
"sda</literal>\"之類的裝置名.  參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The kernel module initialization"
msgstr "核心模組初始化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> program enables us to configure running Linux "
"kernel from user process by adding and removing kernel modules.  The udev "
"system (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>) automates its invocation "
"to help the kernel module initialization."
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式新增和刪除核心模組，使我們能夠從使用者程序來配"
"置正在執行的 Linux 核心。udev 系統(參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>)"
"自動化它的呼叫來幫助核心模組初始化。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are non-hardware modules and special hardware driver modules as the "
"following which need to be pre-loaded by listing them in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"modules</literal>\" file (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modules</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
msgstr ""
"下面的非硬體模組和特殊的硬體驅動模組，需要被預先載入，把它們在\"<literal>/"
"etc/modules</literal>\"檔案裡列出 (參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>modules</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&tuntap;\">TUN/TAP</ulink> modules providing virtual Point-to-"
"Point network device (TUN) and virtual Ethernet network device (TAP),"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&tuntap;\">TUN/TAP</ulink> 模組提供虛擬的 Point-to-Point 網路裝"
"置 (TUN) 和虛擬的 Ethernet 乙太網網路裝置 (TAP),"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> modules providing netfilter "
"firewall capabilities (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <xref linkend="
"\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>), and"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 模組提供 netfilter 防火牆能力"
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>),"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&watchdogtimer;\">watchdog timer</ulink> driver modules."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&watchdogtimer;\">watchdog timer</ulink> 驅動模組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The configuration files for the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program are located "
"under the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/</literal>\" directory as explained in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.  (If you want to avoid some kernel modules to be "
"auto-loaded, consider to blacklist them in the \"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/"
"blacklist</literal>\" file.)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式的配置檔案是按  "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>的說明放在\"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/</literal>\" "
"目錄下，(如果你想避免自動載入某些核心模組，考慮把它們作為黑名單放在"
"\"<literal>/etc/modprobes.d/blacklist</literal>\" 檔案裡.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" file "
"generated by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>depmod</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program describes "
"module dependencies used by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> program."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/lib/modules/&lt;version&gt;/modules.dep</literal>\" 檔案由 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>depmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 程式生成，它描述了 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式使用的模組依賴性."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you experience module loading issues with boot time module loading or "
"with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, \"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" may resolve "
"these issues by reconstructing \"<literal>modules.dep</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果你在啟動時出現模組載入問題，或者 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>時出現模組載入問題, "
"\"<literal>depmod -a</literal>\" 可以通過重構\"<literal>modules.dep</literal>"
"\"來解決這些問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modinfo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> program shows information about a Linux kernel "
"module."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>modinfo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式顯示 Linux 核心模組資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> program nicely formats the contents of the "
"\"<literal>/proc/modules</literal>\", showing what kernel modules are "
"currently loaded."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 程式以好看的格式展示\"<literal>/proc/modules</literal>\"的內容,"
"顯示當前核心載入了哪些模組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can identify exact hardware on your system.  See <xref linkend="
"\"_hardware_identification\"/>."
msgstr ""
"你能夠精確識別你係統上的硬體。 參見<xref linkend=\"_hardware_identification"
"\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may configure hardware at boot time to activate expected hardware "
"features. See <xref linkend=\"_hardware_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""
"你可以在啟動時配置硬體來啟用期望的硬體特徵。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_hardware_configuration\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can probably add support for your special device by recompiling the "
"kernel.  See <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel\"/>."
msgstr ""
"你可以重新編譯核心來增加你的特殊裝置的支援。參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_kernel"
"\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Authentication"
msgstr "認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When a person (or a program) requests access to the system, authentication "
"confirms the identity to be a trusted one."
msgstr "當用戶（或程式）需要訪問系統時，需要進行認證，確認身份是受信任。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Configuration errors of PAM may lock you out of your own system.  You must "
"have a rescue CD handy or setup an alternative boot partition.  To recover, "
"boot the system with them and correct things from there."
msgstr ""
"PAM 的配置錯誤可能會鎖住你的系統。你必須有一個準備好的救援 CD，或者設立一個替"
"代的 boot 分割槽。為了恢復系統，你需要使用它們啟動系統並糾正錯誤。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><para>
msgid ""
"This chapter is getting outdated since this is based on Debian 7.0 "
"(<literal>Wheezy</literal>) released in 2013."
msgstr ""
"本章是基於 2013 年發佈的 Debian 7.0 (<literal>Wheezy</literal>) 編寫的，所以"
"其內容正在變得過時。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Normal Unix authentication"
msgstr "一般的 Unix 認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Normal Unix authentication is provided by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> module under the <ulink url="
"\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable Authentication "
"Modules)</ulink>.  Its 3 important configuration files, with \"<literal>:</"
"literal>\" separated entries, are the following."
msgstr ""
"一般的 Unix 認證由 <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM "
"（Pluggable Authentication Modules，即可插入的驗證模組）</ulink> 下的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組提供。它的 3 個重要檔案如下，其內的條目使用 "
"“<literal>:</literal>” 分隔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"3 important configuration files for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用的 3 個重要配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "permission"
msgstr "許可權"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "user"
msgstr "使用者"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "(sanitized) user account information"
msgstr "（明文的）使用者賬號資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-rw-r-----</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-rw-r-----</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>shadow</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>shadow</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "secure user account information"
msgstr "安全加密的使用者賬號資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/group</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/group</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "group information"
msgstr "組資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" contains the following."
msgstr "“<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>” 包含下列內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" ...\n"
"user1:x:1000:1000:User1 Name,,,:/home/user1:/bin/bash\n"
"user2:x:1001:1001:User2 Name,,,:/home/user2:/bin/bash\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
" ...\n"
"user1:x:1000:1000:User1 Name,,,:/home/user1:/bin/bash\n"
"user2:x:1001:1001:User2 Name,,,:/home/user2:/bin/bash\n"
" ..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"As explained in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, each \"<literal>:</"
"literal>\" separated entry of this file means the following."
msgstr ""
"如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中所述，這個檔案中被 “<literal>:</literal>” 分隔的"
"每項含義如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Login name"
msgstr "登入名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Password specification entry"
msgstr "密碼形式說明"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Numerical user ID"
msgstr "數字形式的使用者 ID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Numerical group ID"
msgstr "數字形式的組 ID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "User name or comment field"
msgstr "使用者名稱或註釋欄位"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "User home directory"
msgstr "使用者家目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Optional user command interpreter"
msgstr "可選的使用者命令直譯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The second entry of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" was used for the "
"encrypted password entry.  After the introduction of \"<literal>/etc/shadow</"
"literal>\", this entry is used for the password specification entry."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>” 的第二項曾經被用來儲存加密後的密碼。在引入"
"了 “<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>” 後，該項被用來說明密碼形式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "The second entry content of \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\""
msgstr "“<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>” 第二項的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "(empty)"
msgstr "（空）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "passwordless account"
msgstr "無需密碼的賬號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "x"
msgstr "x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the encrypted password is in \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\""
msgstr "加密後的密碼儲存在 “<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "*"
msgstr "*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "no login for this account"
msgstr "無法登陸的賬號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "!"
msgstr "!"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" contains the following."
msgstr "“<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>” 包含下列內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" ...\n"
"user1:$1$Xop0FYH9$IfxyQwBe9b8tiyIkt2P4F/:13262:0:99999:7:::\n"
"user2:$1$vXGZLVbS$ElyErNf/agUDsm1DehJMS/:13261:0:99999:7:::\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
" ...\n"
"user1:$1$Xop0FYH9$IfxyQwBe9b8tiyIkt2P4F/:13262:0:99999:7:::\n"
"user2:$1$vXGZLVbS$ElyErNf/agUDsm1DehJMS/:13261:0:99999:7:::\n"
" ..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"As explained in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, each \"<literal>:</"
"literal>\" separated entry of this file means the following."
msgstr ""
"如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中所述，這個檔案中被 “<literal>:</literal>” 分隔的"
"每項含義如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Encrypted password (The initial \"<literal>$1$</literal>\" indicates use of "
"the MD5 encryption. The \"*\" indicates no login.)"
msgstr ""
"加密後的密碼（開頭的 “<literal>$1$</literal>” 表示使用 MD5 加密。“*” 表示無法"
"登陸。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan "
"1, 1970"
msgstr "最後一次修改密碼的時間，其表示從 1970 年 1 月 1 日起的天數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Number of days the user will have to wait before she will be allowed to "
"change her password again"
msgstr "允許使用者再次修改密碼的天數間隔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Number of days after which the user will have to change her password"
msgstr "使用者必須修改密碼的天數間隔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Number of days before a password is going to expire during which the user "
"should be warned"
msgstr "密碼失效前的天數，在此期間使用者會被警告"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Number of days after a password has expired during which the password should "
"still be accepted"
msgstr "密碼失效後的天數，在次期間密碼依舊會被接受"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan "
"1, 1970"
msgstr "賬號失效的時間，其表示從 1970 年 1 月 1 日起的天數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" contains the following."
msgstr "“<literal>/etc/group</literal>” 包含下列內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "group1:x:20:user1,user2"
msgstr "group1:x:20:user1,user2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"As explained in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, each \"<literal>:</"
"literal>\" separated entry of this file means the following."
msgstr ""
"如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中所述，這個檔案中被 “<literal>:</literal>” 分隔的"
"每項含義如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Group name"
msgstr "組名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Encrypted password (not really used)"
msgstr "加密後的密碼（不會被真正使用）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\",\" separated list of user names"
msgstr "使用 “,” 分隔的使用者名稱列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>\" provides the similar function as "
"\"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\" for \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" but "
"is not really used."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/etc/gshadow</literal>” 為 “<literal>/etc/group</literal>” 提供了"
"與 “<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>” 相似的功能，但沒有被真正地使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The actual group membership of a user may be dynamically added if "
"\"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" line is added to "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\" and set it in \"<literal>/etc/"
"security/group.conf</literal>\".  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"如果\"<literal>auth optional pam_group.so</literal>\" 這行新增到了"
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"，並且在\"<literal>/etc/"
"security/group.conf</literal>\" 裡進行了設定，一個使用者的實際組就可以被動態"
"新增。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_group</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>base-passwd</literal> package contains an authoritative list of "
"the user and the group: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-"
"groups.html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>base-passwd</literal> 軟體包包含了一份使用者和組的官方文"
"件：“<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Managing account and password information"
msgstr "管理賬號和密碼資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Here are few notable commands to manage account information."
msgstr "下面是一些管理賬號資訊的重要命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of commands to manage account information"
msgstr "管理賬號資訊的命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "function"
msgstr "功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>getent passwd &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>getent passwd &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "browse account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "瀏覽 “<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>” 的賬號資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>getent shadow &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>getent shadow &lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"browse shadowed account information of \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>"
"\""
msgstr "瀏覽使用者 \"<literal>&lt;user_name&gt;</literal>\" 隱藏的賬戶資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>getent group &lt;group_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>getent group &lt;group_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "browse group information of \"<literal>&lt;group_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "瀏覽 “<literal>&lt;group_name&gt;</literal>” 的組資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>passwd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>passwd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "manage password for the account"
msgstr "管理賬號密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>passwd -e</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>passwd -e</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "set one-time password for the account activation"
msgstr "為啟用的賬號設定一次性的密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>chage</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>chage</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "manage password aging information"
msgstr "管理密碼有效期資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may need to have the root privilege for some functions to work. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for the password and data encryption."
msgstr ""
"其中的一些功能只能被 root 使用。密碼和資料的加密參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "On the system set up with PAM and NSS as the Debian <ulink url=\"&alioth;"
#| "\">alioth</ulink> machine, the content of local \"<literal>/etc/passwd</"
#| "literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/shadow</"
#| "literal>\" may not be actively used by the system.  Above commands are "
#| "valid even under such environment."
msgid ""
"On the system set up with PAM and NSS as the Debian <ulink url=\"&salsa;"
"\">salsa</ulink> machine, the content of local \"<literal>/etc/passwd</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/shadow</"
"literal>\" may not be actively used by the system.  Above commands are valid "
"even under such environment."
msgstr ""
"在設定了 PAM 和 NSS 的系統上（例如 Debian <ulink url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</"
"ulink> 機器），本地的 “<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>”、“<literal>/etc/"
"group</literal>” 和 “<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>” 可能不會被系統啟用使用。"
"上述的命令即使處於這種環境下依舊是有效的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Good password"
msgstr "好密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When creating an account during your system installation or with the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command, you should choose a <ulink url=\"&goodpassword;"
"\">good password</ulink> which consists of at least 6 to 8 characters "
"including one or more characters from each of the following sets according "
"to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在系統安裝時建立一個賬號或使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令時，你應該選擇一個"
"<ulink url=\"&goodpassword;\">好密碼</ulink>，它應該由 6 到 8 個字元組成，其"
"中包含下列根據 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 設定的每個組合中的一個"
"或多個字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Lower case alphabetics"
msgstr "小寫字母"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Digits 0 through 9"
msgstr "數字 0 到 9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Punctuation marks"
msgstr "標點符號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not choose guessable words for the password. Account name, social "
"security number, phone number, address, birthday, name of your family "
"members or pets, dictionary words, simple sequence of characters such as "
"\"12345\" or \"qwerty\", … are all bad choice for the password."
msgstr ""
"密碼中不要使用可以猜到的詞。賬號名、身份證號碼、電話號碼、地址、生日、家庭成"
"員或寵物的名字、字典單詞、簡單的字元序列（例如 “12345” 或 “qwerty”）等都是糟"
"糕的選擇。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Creating encrypted password"
msgstr "設立加密的密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are independent tools to <ulink url="
"\"&generateencrypteasswordswithsalt;\">generate encrypted passwords with "
"salt</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"下面是一些用於 <ulink url=\"&generateencrypteasswordswithsalt;\">生成加鹽的加"
"密密碼</ulink> 的獨立工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools to generate password"
msgstr "生成密碼的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mkpasswd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mkpasswd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"over-featured front end to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> library"
msgstr ""
"具備 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 庫所有特性的前端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>openssl passwd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>openssl passwd</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"compute password hashes (OpenSSL). <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1ssl</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"計算密碼雜湊 (OpenSSL). <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1ssl</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAM 和 NSS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Modern <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> systems such as the "
"Debian system provide <ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM "
"(Pluggable Authentication Modules)</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism to "
"the local system administrator to configure his system.  The role of these "
"can be summarizes as the following."
msgstr ""
"現代的<ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">類 Unix</ulink> 系統（例如 Debian 系統）提供 "
"<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM （Pluggable "
"Authentication Modules，插入式驗證模組）</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS（Name Service Switch，名稱服務切換）</ulink> "
"機制給本地系統管理員，使他們能夠配置自己的系統。它們的功能可以概括為以下幾"
"點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"PAM offers a flexible authentication mechanism used by the application "
"software thus involves password data exchange."
msgstr "PAM 給應用軟體提供了一個靈活的認證機制，因此涉及到了密碼資料的交換。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"NSS offers a flexible name service mechanism which is frequently used by the "
"<ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C standard library</ulink> to obtain the "
"user and group name for programs such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"NSS 提供了一個靈活的名稱服務機制，它經常被 <ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;"
"\">C 標準庫</ulink>使用，使例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 這樣的程式獲得使用者和組名稱。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "These PAM and NSS systems need to be configured consistently."
msgstr "PAM 和 NSS  系統必須保持配置一致。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "The notable packages of PAM and NSS systems are the following."
msgstr "PAM 和 NSS 系統中重要的軟體包如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of notable PAM and NSS systems"
msgstr "PAM 和 NSS 系統中重要的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (basic service)"
msgstr "插入式驗證模組（基礎服務）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module allowing LDAP interfaces"
msgstr "允許 LDAP 介面的插入式驗證模組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module to enable cracklib support"
msgstr "啟用 cracklib 支援的插入式驗證模組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Pluggable Authentication Module to enable cracklib support"
msgid ""
"Pluggable Authentication Module to register user sessions for "
"<literal>logind</literal>"
msgstr "啟用 cracklib 支援的插入式驗證模組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Pluggable Authentication Modules (documentation in html and text)"
msgstr "插入式驗證模組（html 和 文字文件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"GNU C Library: Shared libraries which also provides \"Name Service Switch\" "
"service"
msgstr "GNU C 庫：同樣提供“名稱服務切換”服務的共享庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU C Library: Manpages"
msgstr "GNU C 庫：幫助頁面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU C Library: Reference manual in info, pdf and html format (non-free)"
msgstr "GNU C 庫：參考手冊，有 info、pdf 和 html 格式（non-free）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "NSS module for Multicast DNS name resolution"
msgstr "用於解析組播 DNS 名稱的 NSS 模組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service"
msgstr "NSS 模組，用於使用 LDAP 作為一個名稱服務的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"NSS module for using LDAP as a naming service (new fork of <literal>libnss-"
"ldap</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"NSS 模組，用於使用 LDAP 作為一個名稱服務的（<literal>libnss-ldap</literal> 的"
"新 fork）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"The Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide\" in <literal>libpam-doc</"
"literal> is essential for learning PAM configuration."
msgstr ""
"<literal>libpam-doc</literal> 中 “The Linux-PAM System Administrators' "
"Guide” 是瞭解 PAM 配置的必要文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"System Databases and Name Service Switch\" section in <literal>glibc-doc-"
"reference</literal> is essential for learning NSS configuration."
msgstr ""
"<literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> 中的 “System Databases and Name "
"Service Switch” 是瞭解 NSS 配置的重要文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"You can see more extensive and current list by \"<literal>aptitude search "
"'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>\" command.  The acronym NSS may also mean "
"\"Network Security Service\" which is different from \"Name Service Switch\"."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 “<literal>aptitude search 'libpam-|libnss-'</literal>” 命令檢視更"
"多的相關軟體包。NSS 縮寫也可能意味著 “Network Security Service，網路安全服"
"務”，它不同於 “Name Service Switch，名稱服務切換”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"PAM is the most basic way to initialize environment variables for each "
"program with the system wide default value."
msgstr "PAM 是為每個程式初始化環境變數為系統預設值的最基礎方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, the network may be "
#| "configured in <literal>/etc/systemd/network/</literal> instead.  See "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-"
#| "networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, <literal>libpam-systemd</"
"literal> package is installed to manage user logins by registering user "
"sessions in the <literal>systemd</literal> control group hierarchy for "
"<ulink url=\"&logind;\">logind</ulink>.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 的系統中，可以在 <literal>/etc/"
"systemd/network/</literal> 裡配置網路。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAM 和 NSS 訪問的配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here are a few notable configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS."
msgstr "下面是一些 PAM 和 NSS 訪問的重要配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS"
msgstr "PAM 和 NSS 訪問的配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "configuration file"
msgstr "配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/pam.d/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set up PAM configuration for the \"<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\" "
"program; see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam.d</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"為 “<literal>&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>” 程式設定 PAM 配置；參加 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam.d</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set up NSS configuration with the entry for each service. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nsswitch.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"為每個服務條目設定 NSS 配置。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nsswitch."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/nologin</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/nologin</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"limit the user login by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_nologin</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組限制使用者登陸"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/securetty</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/securetty</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"limit the tty for the root access by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_securetty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_securetty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組限制 root 訪問 tty"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/access.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/security/access.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set access limit by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_access</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_access</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定訪問限制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/security/group.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set group based restraint by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_group</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>  模組設定基於組的限制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set environment variables by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定環境變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/environment</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set additional environment variables by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> module with the \"<literal>readenv=1</literal>\" "
"argument"
msgstr ""
"通過帶有 “<literal>readenv=1</literal>” 引數的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定額外的環境變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set locale by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module with the "
"\"<literal>readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>\" argument "
"(Debian)"
msgstr ""
"通過帶有 “<literal>readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale</literal>” 引數的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定語言環境值（在 Debian 系統中）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/limits.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/security/limits.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set resource restraint (ulimit, core, …) by the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_linits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_linits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定資源限制（ulimit、core 等等）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/security/time.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/security/time.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"set time restraint by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_time</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module"
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 模組設定時間限制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"
msgid "<literal>/etc/systemd/logind.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <literal>clamav</literal> package family, see "
#| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>clamscan</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#| "manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freshclam</"
#| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgid ""
"set <literal>systemd</literal> login manager configuration (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind."
"service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>clamav</literal> 軟體包家族，參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>clamscan</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freshclam</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The limitation of the password selection is implemented by the PAM modules, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_cracklib</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. They can be "
"configured by their arguments."
msgstr ""
"密碼選擇的限制是通過 PAM 模組 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_cracklib</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來實現的。它們可以通過各自的引數進行配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid "PAM modules use suffix \"<literal>.so</literal>\" for their filenames."
msgstr "PAM 模組在檔名中使用字尾 “<literal>.so</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The modern centralized system management"
msgstr "現代的集中式系統管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The modern centralized system management can be deployed using the "
"centralized <ulink url=\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">Lightweight "
"Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</ulink> server to administer many Unix-like "
"and non-Unix-like systems on the network.  The open source implementation of "
"the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is <ulink url=\"&openldapsoftware;"
"\">OpenLDAP Software</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"現代的集中式系統管理可以使用集中式的<ulink url="
"\"&lightweightdireccessprotocolldap;\">輕量目錄訪問協議（LDAP）</ulink>伺服器"
"進行部署，從而通過網路管理許多類 Unix 和 非類 Unix 系統。輕量目錄訪問協議的開"
"源實現是 <ulink url=\"&openldapsoftware;\">OpenLDAP 軟體</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The LDAP server provides the account information through the use of PAM and "
"NSS with <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> "
"packages for the Debian system. Several actions are required to enable this "
"(I have not used this setup and the following is purely secondary "
"information.  Please read this in this context.)."
msgstr ""
"LDAP 伺服器使用帶有 PAM 和 NSS  的<literal>libpam-ldap</literal> 和 "
"<literal>libnss-ldap</literal> 軟體包為 Debian 系統提供賬號資訊。需要一些動作"
"來啟用 LDAP（我沒有使用過這個設定，並且下面的資訊純粹是第二手的資訊。請在這種"
"前提下閱讀下列內容。）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You set up a centralized LDAP server by running a program such as the stand-"
"alone LDAP daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>slapd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"你通過執行一個程式，例如獨立的 LDAP 守護程序 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>slapd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，來建立集中式的 LDAP 伺服器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You change the PAM configuration files in the \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/</"
"literal>\" directory to use \"<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>\" instead of "
"the default \"<literal>pam_unix.so</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你在 “<literal>/etc/pam.d/</literal>” 目錄中的 PAM 配置檔案裡，使用 "
"“<literal>pam_ldap.so</literal>” 替代預設值 “<literal>pam_unix.so</"
"literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>\" as the configuration "
"file for <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> and \"<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</"
"literal>\" as the file to store the password of the root."
msgstr ""
"Debian 使用 “<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.conf</literal>” 作為 <literal>libpam-"
"ldap</literal> 的配置檔案，“<literal>/etc/pam_ldap.secret</literal>” 作為儲"
"存 root 密碼的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You change the NSS configuration in the \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</"
"literal>\" file to use \"<literal>ldap</literal>\" instead of the default "
"(\"<literal>compat</literal>\" or \"<literal>file</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"你在 “<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>” 檔案中改變 NSS 配置，使用 "
"“<literal>ldap</literal>” 替代預設值（“<literal>compat</literal>” 或 "
"“<literal>file</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian uses \"<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>\" as the "
"configuration file for <literal>libnss-ldap</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Debian 使用 “<literal>/etc/libnss-ldap.conf</literal>” 作為 <literal>libnss-"
"ldap</literal> 的配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You must make <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> to use <ulink url=\"&sslortls;"
"\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection for the security of password."
msgstr ""
"為了密碼的安全，你必須讓 <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> 使用 <ulink url="
"\"&sslortls;\">SLL（或 TLS）</ulink>連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You may make <literal>libnss-ldap</literal> to use <ulink url=\"&sslortls;"
"\">SSL (or TLS)</ulink> connection to ensure integrity of data at the cost "
"of the LDAP network overhead."
msgstr ""
"為了確保 LDAP 網路開銷資料的完整性，你必須讓 <literal>libpam-ldap</literal> "
"使用 <ulink url=\"&sslortls;\">SLL（或 TLS）</ulink>連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You should run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nscd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> locally to cache any "
"LDAP search results in order to reduce the LDAP network traffic."
msgstr ""
"為了減少 LDAP 網路流量，你應該在本地執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nscd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來快取任何 LDAP 搜尋結"
"果。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See documentations in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_ldap.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and \"<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/libpam-doc/html/</literal>\" offered by the <literal>libpam-doc</"
"literal> package and \"<literal>info libc 'Name Service Switch'</literal>\" "
"offered by the <literal>glibc-doc</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"參見由 <literal>libpam-doc</literal> 軟體包提供的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_ldap.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中的文件和 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/libpam-doc/"
"html/</literal>”，以及 <literal>glibc-doc</literal> 軟體包提供的 "
"“<literal>info libc 'Name Service Switch'</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Similarly, you can set up alternative centralized systems with other methods."
msgstr "類似地，你可以使用其它方法來設定另一種集中式的系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Integration of user and group with the Windows system."
msgstr "同 Windows 系統整合使用者和組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Access <ulink url=\"&windowsdomain;\">Windows domain</ulink> services by the "
"<literal>winbind</literal> and <literal>libpam_winbind</literal> packages."
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>winbind</literal> 和 <literal>libpam_winbind</literal> 軟體包訪"
"問 <ulink url=\"&windowsdomain;\">Windows domain</ulink> 服務."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <ulink url=\"&integratingmswinetworkswithsamba;"
"\">Integrating MS Windows Networks with Samba</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <ulink url=\"&integratingmswinetworkswithsamba;"
"\">Integrating MS Windows Networks with Samba</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Integration of user and group with the legacy Unix-like system."
msgstr "同古老的類 Unix 系統整合使用者和組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Access <ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;\">NIS (originally called YP)</"
"ulink> or <ulink url=\"&nis;\">NIS+</ulink> by the <literal>nis</literal> "
"package."
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>nis</literal> 軟體包訪問 <ulink url=\"&nisoriginallycalledyp;"
"\">NIS (之前叫 YP)</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&nis;\">NIS+</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&thelinuxnisypnysnishowto;\">The Linux NIS(YP)/NYS/NIS+ "
"HOWTO</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <ulink url=\"&thelinuxnisypnysnishowto;\">The Linux NIS(YP)/NYS/NIS+ "
"HOWTO</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "\"Why GNU su does not support the wheel group\""
msgstr "“為什麼 GNU su 不支援 wheel 組”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is the famous phrase at the bottom of the old \"<literal>info su</"
"literal>\" page by Richard M. Stallman.  Not to worry: the current "
"<literal>su</literal> command in Debian uses PAM, so that one can restrict "
"the ability to use <literal>su</literal> to the <literal>root</literal> "
"group by enabling the line with \"<literal>pam_wheel.so</literal>\" in "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"這是在舊的 “<literal>info su</literal>” 底部 Richard M. Stallman 所說的一句名"
"言。別擔心：Debian 系統中當前的 <literal>su</literal> 命令使用了 PAM，這樣當"
"在 “<literal>/etc/pam.d/su</literal>” 中啟用了帶有 “<literal>pam_wheel.so</"
"literal>” 的行後，就能夠限制非 wheel 組的使用者 <literal>su</literal> 到 "
"<literal>root</literal> 組的能力。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Stricter password rule"
msgstr "嚴格的密碼規則"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Installing the <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> package enables you to "
"force stricter password rule, for example, by having active lines in "
"\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""
"安裝 <literal>libpam-cracklib</literal> 軟體包你能夠強制使用嚴格的密碼規則，"
"例如，通過在 “<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>” 中新增下列行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For <literal>squeeze</literal>:"
msgstr "對於 <literal>squeeze</literal> 發行版："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5\n"
"password requisite pam_deny.so\n"
"password required pam_permit.so"
msgstr ""
"password required pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=9 difok=3\n"
"password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so use_authtok nullok md5\n"
"password requisite pam_deny.so\n"
"password required pam_permit.so"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Other access controls"
msgstr "其它的訪問控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq_key\"/> for restricting the kernel <ulink url="
"\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">secure attention key (SAK)</ulink> feature."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_alt_sysrq_key\"/> 來限制核心的<ulink url="
"\"&secureattentionkeysak;\">安全警告金鑰（SAK）</ulink>功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "sudo"
msgstr "sudo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root "
"privileges to users and log root activity. <literal>sudo</literal> requires "
"only an ordinary user's password.  Install <literal>sudo</literal> package "
"and activate it by setting options in \"<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>\".  "
"See configuration example at \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/"
"sudoers</literal>\" and <xref linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 程式是為了使一個系統管理員可以給使用者受限的 root 許可權並記錄 "
"root 活動而設計的。<literal>sudo</literal> 只需要一個普通使用者的密碼。安裝 "
"<literal>sudo</literal> 軟體包並通過設定 “<literal>/etc/sudoers</literal>” 中"
"的選項來使用它。參見 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/sudo/examples/sudoers</"
"literal>” 和 <xref linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/> 中的配置示例。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"My usage of <literal>sudo</literal> for the single user system (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_sudo_configuration\"/>) is aimed to protect myself from my own "
"stupidity. Personally, I consider using <literal>sudo</literal> a better "
"alternative than using the system from the root account all the time.  For "
"example, the following changes the owner of \"<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</"
"literal>\" to \"<literal>&lt;my_name&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"我將 <literal>sudo</literal> 用於單使用者系統（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_sudo_configuration\"/>）是為了防止自己可能做出的愚蠢行為。就我個人而言，我"
"認為使用 <literal>sudo</literal> 會比使用 root 賬號作業系統來得好。例如，下列"
"命令將 “<literal>&lt;some_file&gt;</literal>” 的擁有者改變為 “<literal>&lt;"
"my_name&gt;</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo chown &lt;my_name&gt; &lt;some_file&gt;"
msgstr "$ sudo chown &lt;my_name&gt; &lt;some_file&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Of course if you know the root password (as self-installed Debian users do), "
"any command can be run under root from any user's account using "
"\"<literal>su -c</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"當然如果你知道 root 密碼（比如自行安裝 Debian 的使用者所做的），任何使用者賬"
"號都可以使用 “<literal>su -c</literal>” 讓任何命令以 root 執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "PolicyKit"
msgstr "PolicyKit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&policykit;\">PolicyKit</ulink> is an operating system "
"component for controlling system-wide privileges in Unix-like operating "
"systems."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&policykit;\">PolicyKit</ulink> 是在類 Unix 作業系統中控制整個系"
"統許可權的一個作業系統元件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Newer GUI applications are not designed to run as privileged processes. They "
"talk to privileged processes via PolicyKit to perform administrative "
"operations."
msgstr ""
"新的 GUI 圖形介面程式，在設計的時候，不是作為特權程序來執行。它們通過 "
"PolicyKit 來和特權程序通訊，執行管理操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"PolicyKit limits such operations to user accounts belonging to the "
"<literal>sudo</literal> group on the Debian system."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統中，PolicyKit 限制了屬於 <literal>sudo</literal> 組的使用者賬號"
"的這種操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>polkit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>polkit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "SELinux"
msgstr "SELinux"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">Security-Enhanced Linux "
"(SELinux)</ulink> is a framework to tighten privilege model tighter than the "
"ordinary Unix-like security model with the <ulink url="
"\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">mandatory access control (MAC)</ulink> "
"policies.  The root power may be restricted under some conditions."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&securityenhancedlinuxselinux;\">Security-Enhanced Linux "
"(SELinux)</ulink> 是一個收緊許可權模組的框架，它比普通的類 Unix 安全模組 "
"<ulink url=\"&mandatoryaccesscontrolmac;\">mandatory access control (MAC)</"
"ulink> 策略更嚴格。 root 許可權在某些條件下被限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Restricting access to some server services"
msgstr "限制訪問某些服務端的服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For system security, it is a good idea to disable as much server programs as "
"possible.  This becomes critical for network servers.  Having unused "
"servers, activated either directly as <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> "
"or via <ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> program, are "
"considered security risks."
msgstr ""
"對系統安全而言，儘可能的禁用服務程式，是一個好的主意。網路服務是危險的。有不"
"使用的服務，不管是直接由<ulink url=\"&daemon;\">後臺守護程序（daemon）</"
"ulink>啟用，還是通過<ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> 程式啟"
"用，都被認為是安全風險。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many programs, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, use PAM based access "
"control.  There are many ways to restrict access to some server services."
msgstr ""
"許多程式,比如說 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 使用基於 PAM 的訪問控"
"制。也還有許多方式來限制訪問一些服務端的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"configuration files: \"<literal>/etc/default/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "配置檔案: \"<literal>/etc/default/&lt;program_name&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "runlevel configuration for <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink>"
msgid "service unit configuration for <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&daemon;\">後臺守護程序（daemon）</ulink>執行級別配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable "
"Authentication Modules)</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable "
"Authentication Modules)</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\" for <ulink url=\"&superserver;"
"\">super-server</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> 使用 \"<literal>/etc/inetd."
"conf</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</"
"literal>\" for <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink> 使用 \"<literal>/etc/hosts."
"deny</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"  , "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/rpc.conf</literal>\" for <ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</"
"ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink>\" 使用 <literal>/etc/rpc.conf</"
"literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/at.allow</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/at.deny</literal>\" "
"for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>atd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>atd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用 \"<literal>/etc/at.allow</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/"
"at.deny</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.allow</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/cron.deny</"
"literal>\" for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用 \"<literal>/etc/cron.allow</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.deny</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkfirewall;\">Network firewall</ulink> of <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> infrastructure"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkfirewall;\">Network firewall</ulink> 或<ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 框架"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "See <xref linkend=\"_the_runlevel_management_example\"/>, <xref linkend="
#| "\"_the_default_parameter_for_each_init_script\"/>, <xref linkend="
#| "\"_configuration_files_accessed_by_pam_and_nss\"/>, <xref linkend="
#| "\"_network_service_initialization\"/>, and <xref linkend="
#| "\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>."
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_system_management_under_systemd\"/>, <xref linkend="
"\"_configuration_files_accessed_by_pam_and_nss\"/>, and <xref linkend="
"\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_runlevel_management_example\"/>, <xref linkend="
"\"_the_default_parameter_for_each_init_script\"/>, <xref linkend="
"\"_configuration_files_accessed_by_pam_and_nss\"/>, <xref linkend="
"\"_network_service_initialization\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> services need to be active for "
"<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink> and other RPC based programs."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink> 和其它基於 RPC 的程式，需要啟用 <ulink url="
"\"&sunrpc;\">Sun RPC</ulink> 服務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you have problems with remote access in a recent Debian system, comment "
"out offending configuration such as \"ALL: PARANOID\" in \"<literal>/etc/"
"hosts.deny</literal>\" if it exists.  (But you must be careful on security "
"risks involved with this kind of action.)"
msgstr ""
"如果你遠端訪問最新的 Debian 系統有問題，看下在\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</"
"literal>\"裡是否存在\"ALL: PARANOID\"這樣討厭的配置，請把它註釋掉。(但是你必"
"須注意這種行為所帶來的安全風險。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Security of authentication"
msgstr "安全認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The information here <emphasis role=\"strong\">may not be sufficient</"
"emphasis> for your security needs but it should be a <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">good start</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"這裡的資訊<emphasis role=\"strong\">也許不夠</emphasis>完全滿足你的安全需求，"
"但這也是一個<emphasis role=\"strong\">好的開始</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Secure password on the Internet"
msgstr "網際網路密碼安全"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many popular transportation layer services communicate messages including "
"password authentication in the plain text. It is very bad idea to transmit "
"password in the plain text over the wild Internet where it can be "
"intercepted.  You can run these services over \"<ulink url="
"\"&transportlayersecurity;\">Transport Layer Security</ulink>\" (TLS) or its "
"predecessor, \"Secure Sockets Layer\" (SSL) to secure entire communication "
"including password by the encryption."
msgstr ""
"許多流行的傳輸層服務，互動資訊使用純文字的密碼認證。這是非常差的方式，通過公"
"共的網際網路傳輸純文字密碼，密碼能夠被截獲到。你能夠執行這些服務，使用 "
"\"<ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">Transport Layer Security</ulink>"
"\" (TLS) 或它的前身, \"Secure Sockets Layer\" (SSL) ，通過加密來使包括密碼在"
"內的整個通訊更加安全。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of insecure and secure services and ports"
msgstr "安全和不安全的服務埠列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "insecure service name"
msgstr "不安全的服務名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "port"
msgstr "埠"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "secure service name"
msgstr "安全的服務名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "www (http)"
msgstr "www (http)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "80"
msgstr "80"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "https"
msgstr "https"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "443"
msgstr "443"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "smtp (mail)"
msgstr "smtp (郵件)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "25"
msgstr "25"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ssmtp (smtps)"
msgstr "ssmtp (smtps)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "465"
msgstr "465"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ftp-data"
msgstr "ftp-data"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "20"
msgstr "20"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ftps-data"
msgstr "ftps-data"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "989"
msgstr "989"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ftp"
msgstr "ftp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "21"
msgstr "21"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ftps"
msgstr "ftps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "telnet"
msgstr "telnet"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "23"
msgstr "23"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "telnets"
msgstr "telnets"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "992"
msgstr "992"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "imap2"
msgstr "imap2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "143"
msgstr "143"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "imaps"
msgstr "imaps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "993"
msgstr "993"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pop3"
msgstr "pop3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "110"
msgstr "110"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pop3s"
msgstr "pop3s"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "995"
msgstr "995"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ldap"
msgstr "ldap"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "389"
msgstr "389"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ldaps"
msgstr "ldaps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "636"
msgstr "636"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The encryption costs CPU time.  As a CPU friendly alternative, you can keep "
"communication in plain text while securing just the password with the secure "
"authentication protocol such as \"Authenticated Post Office Protocol"
"\" (APOP) for POP and \"Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism "
"MD5\" (CRAM-MD5) for SMTP and IMAP.  (For sending mail messages over the "
"Internet to your mail server from your mail client, it is recently popular "
"to use new message submission port 587 instead of traditional SMTP port 25 "
"to avoid port 25 blocking by the network provider while authenticating "
"yourself with CRAM-MD5.)"
msgstr ""
"加密消耗 CPU 時間。作為對 CPU 有益的替代方案，你可以保持使用純文字通訊，僅僅"
"使用安全認證協議加密密碼，比如說：POP 使用\"Authenticated Post Office "
"Protocol\" (APOP)，SMTP 和 IMAP 使用 \"Challenge-Response Authentication "
"Mechanism MD5\" (CRAM-MD5)。（你的郵件客戶端通過網際網路上你的郵件伺服器傳送"
"郵件時，最近流行使用新的遞交埠 587 來代替傳統的 SMTP 埠 25，這樣可以避免在使"
"用 CRAM-MD5 認證自己時，網路提供商阻塞 25 埠。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Secure Shell"
msgstr "安全 Shell"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> program "
"provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an "
"insecure network with the secure authentication. It consists of the <ulink "
"url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> client, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and the <ulink url="
"\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  This SSH can be used "
"to tunnel an insecure protocol communication such as POP and X securely over "
"the Internet with the port forwarding feature."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">安全 Shell (SSH)</ulink> 程式使用安全認證來提"
"供不安全網路上兩個不可信任主機之間的安全加密通訊。它由 <ulink url=\"&openssh;"
"\">OpenSSH</ulink> 客戶端, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 和 <ulink url="
"\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> 後臺守護程序（daemon）, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>組成.SSH 使用埠轉發特性，可以給 POP 和 X 之類的不安全的協議通訊"
"建立隧道，使其可以在網際網路上安全傳輸。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The client tries to authenticate itself using host-based authentication, "
"public key authentication, challenge-response authentication, or password "
"authentication.  The use of public key authentication enables the remote "
"password-less login. See <xref linkend="
"\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utilities_ssh\"/>."
msgstr ""
"客戶端可以使用如下方式來認證自己：基於主機的認證、公鑰認證、質疑應答認證、密"
"碼認證。使用公鑰認證，可以實現遠端免密碼登入。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_remote_access_server_and_utilities_ssh\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Extra security measures for the Internet"
msgstr "網際網路額外的安全方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even when you run secure services such as <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;"
"\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">Point-to-point tunneling protocol "
"(PPTP)</ulink> servers, there are still chances for the break-ins using "
"brute force password guessing attack etc. from the Internet.  Use of the "
"firewall policy (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>) together "
"with the following secure tools may improve the security situation."
msgstr ""
"即使你執行 <ulink url=\"&secureshellssh;\">Secure Shell (SSH)</ulink> 和 "
"<ulink url=\"&pointtopointtunnlingprotocolpptp;\">Point-to-point tunneling "
"protocol (PPTP)</ulink> 這樣的安全服務，在網際網路上，仍然有機會使用野蠻暴力"
"猜測密碼攻擊進入。 使用防火牆策略 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>)，並和下面的安全工具一起，可以提升安全形勢。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools to provide extra security measures"
msgstr "提供額外安全方式的工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"small port-knock daemon <citerefentry><refentrytitle>knockd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and client "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>konck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"小的 port-knock 後臺守護程序（daemon） <citerefentry><refentrytitle>knockd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和客戶端 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>konck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ban IPs that cause multiple authentication errors"
msgstr "禁用造成多個認證錯誤的 IP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "lock out remote attackers trying password guessing"
msgstr "把嘗試猜測密碼的遠端攻擊者關在外面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Securing the root password"
msgstr "root 密碼安全"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To prevent people to access your machine with root privilege, you need to "
"make following actions."
msgstr "為阻止人們使用 root 許可權訪問你的機器，你需要做下面的操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Prevent physical access to the hard disk"
msgstr "阻止對硬碟的物理訪問"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Lock BIOS and prevent booting from the removable media"
msgstr "鎖住 BIOS 來阻止從可移動介質啟動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Set password for GRUB interactive session"
msgstr "為  GRUB 互動式會話設定密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Lock GRUB menu from editing"
msgstr "鎖住  GRUB 選單，禁止編輯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"With physical access to hard disk, resetting the password is relatively easy "
"with following steps."
msgstr "如果可以物理訪問硬碟，則可以使用下面的步驟，相對簡單的重置密碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Move the hard disk to a PC with CD bootable BIOS."
msgstr "將硬碟拿到一個可以設定 BIOS 從CD 啟動的電腦。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Boot system with a rescue media (Debian boot disk, Knoppix CD, GRUB CD, …)."
msgstr "使用緊急介質啟動系統（Debian 啟動磁碟, Knoppix CD, GRUB CD, …）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Mount root partition with read/write access."
msgstr "用讀寫訪問掛載根分割槽。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" in the root partition and make the "
"second entry for the <literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr ""
"編輯根分割槽的\"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\"檔案，使 <literal>root</"
"literal> 賬戶條目的第二段為空。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have edit access to the GRUB menu entry (see <xref linkend="
"\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) for <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> at "
"boot time, it is even easier with following steps."
msgstr ""
"對於 <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> ，即使用緊急介質啟動的電腦，如果有編"
"輯 GRUB 選單條目 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) 的許可"
"權，在啟動時，使用下面的步驟更加簡單。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Boot system with the kernel parameter changed to something like "
"\"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw init=/bin/sh</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"使用核心引數啟動系統來修改一些事情，比如說，\"<literal>root=/dev/hda6 rw "
"init=/bin/sh</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Edit \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" and make the second entry for the "
"<literal>root</literal> account empty."
msgstr ""
"編輯 \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\" 檔案，使 <literal>root</literal> 賬戶"
"條目的第二段為空。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Reboot system."
msgstr "重啟系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The root shell of the system is now accessible without password."
msgstr "系統的 root shell 現在可以無密碼訪問了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Once one has root shell access, he can access everything on the system and "
"reset any passwords on the system.  Further more, he may compromise password "
"for all user accounts using brute force password cracking tools such as "
"<literal>john</literal> and <literal>crack</literal> packages (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>).  This cracked password "
"may lead to compromise other systems."
msgstr ""
"一旦某人擁有 root shell 訪問許可權，他能夠訪問任何內容，並可以重設系統上的任"
"何密碼。此外，他可以使用  <literal>john</literal> 和 <literal>crack</"
"literal> 等軟體包的暴力破解工具來比較所有使用者的密碼 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_system_security_and_integrity_check\"/>)。被破解的密碼，可以用來和其它系統"
"進行比較。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The only reasonable software solution to avoid all these concerns is to use "
"software encrypted root partition (or \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" partition) "
"using <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> and initramfs (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/>).  You always need password to boot the "
"system, though."
msgstr ""
"為避免這些相關問題，僅有的理論上的軟體解決方案是使用 <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;"
"\">dm-crypt</ulink> 和 initramfs (參見 <xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips"
"\"/>)加密 root 分割槽(或 \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" 分割槽) 。這樣的話，你總"
"是需要密碼來啟動系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Network setup"
msgstr "網絡設置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For general guide to the GNU/Linux networking, read the <ulink url="
"\"&linuxnetworkadministratorsguide;\">Linux Network Administrators Guide</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"關於GNU/Linux網絡的通用手冊，請查看<ulink url="
"\"&linuxnetworkadministratorsguide;\">Linux 網絡管理員手冊</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For modern Debian specific guide to the networking, read <ulink url="
"\"&thedebianadminisguringthenetwork;\">The Debian Administrator's Handbook — "
"Configuring the Network</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"關於Debian專屬的網絡手冊，請查看<ulink url="
"\"&thedebianadminisguringthenetwork;\">Debian管理員手冊—網絡配置</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Instead of using the traditional interface naming scheme (\"<literal>eth0</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>eth1</literal>\", \"<literal>wlan0</literal>\", …), "
"the newer <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> uses \"<ulink url="
"\"&predictablenetworkinterfacenames;\">Predictable Network Interface Names</"
"ulink>\" such as \"<literal>enp0s25</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"為代替使用傳統的網路介面名稱的方案 (\"<literal>eth0</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>eth1</literal>\", \"<literal>wlan0</literal>\", …), 新的 <ulink "
"url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 使用\"<literal>enp0s25</literal>\" 之類的 "
"\"<ulink url=\"&predictablenetworkinterfacenames;\">可預測網路介面名稱</"
"ulink>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Although this document still uses old <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with IPv4 for its "
"network configuration examples, Debian is moving to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with IPv4+IPv6 in the <literal>wheezy</literal> release.  "
"Patches to update this document are welcomed."
msgstr ""
"儘管本文件仍使用舊的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 以 IPv4 做為其網路組態"
"的範例，Debian 正移動至 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 在 <literal>wheezy</"
"literal> 釋出中使用 IPv4+IPv6。歡迎對本文件的昇級補丁。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&networkd;"
"\">networkd</ulink> may be used to manage networks.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>環境下，可以用<ulink url=\"&networkd;"
"\">networkd</ulink>來配置網絡。請參考<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-"
"networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The basic network infrastructure"
msgstr "基本網絡架構"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's review the basic network infrastructure on the modern Debian system."
msgstr "讓我們來回顧一下現代Debian操作系統中的基本網絡架構。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network configuration tools"
msgstr "網絡配置工具一覽表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "packages"
msgstr "軟件包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::ifupdown"
msgstr "配置：：ifupdown"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standardized tool to bring up and down the network (Debian specific)"
msgstr "用來啓動/關閉網絡的標準工具（Debian特有）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "manage the wired network automatically"
msgstr "自動管理有線網絡"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"network testing script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr "網絡測試腳本，加強\"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\"軟件包的功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "set routing metrics for a network interface"
msgstr "設置網絡接口的路由度量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"mapping script to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package via "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file"
msgstr ""
"腳本文件，利用\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\"文件來加強"
"\"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\"的功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mapping scripts to enhance \"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\" package"
msgstr "映射腳本文件，增強\"<literal>ifupdown</literal>\"軟件包的功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::NM"
msgstr "配置：：NM"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> (daemon): manage the "
"network automatically"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink>（守衛進程）：自動管理"
"網絡"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> (GNOME frontend)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink>（GNOME前端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::wicd"
msgstr "配置：：wicd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "wired and wireless network manager (metapackage)"
msgstr "有線和無線網絡管理器（元軟件包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "wired and wireless network manager (command-line client)"
msgstr "有線和無線網絡管理器（命令行客戶端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "wired and wireless network manager (Curses client)"
msgstr "有線和無線網絡管理器（文本界面客戶端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "wired and wireless network manager (daemon)"
msgstr "有線和無線網絡管理器（守護進程）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "wired and wireless network manager (GTK+ client)"
msgstr "有線和無線網絡管理器（GTK+客戶端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::Netfilter"
msgstr "配置：：Netfilter"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"administration tools for packet filtering and NAT (<ulink url=\"&netfilter;"
"\">Netfilter</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"封包過濾和網絡地址轉換管理工具（<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</"
"ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::iproute2"
msgstr "配置：：iproute2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>, IPv6 and other advanced network "
"configuration: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, etc"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>, IPv6和其他高級網絡配置："
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>,<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>等等"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"rename network interfaces based on various static criteria: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifrename</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"根據不同的靜態標準來重命名網絡接口：<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifrename</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display or change Ethernet device settings"
msgstr "顯示或更改以太網設備的設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "test::iproute2"
msgstr "測試：：iproute2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink url=\"&hostname;"
"\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink> (<ulink "
"url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"測試能否連接遠程主機，通過<ulink url=\"&hostname;\">主機名</ulink>或<ulink "
"url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP 地址</ulink>（<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</"
"ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink url="
"\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address"
msgstr "測試能否連接遠程主機，通過<ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink>地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host"
msgstr "跟蹤訪問遠程主機的路徑"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::net-tools"
msgstr "配置：：net-tools"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"NET-3 networking toolkit (<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>, IPv4 "
"network configuration): <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> etc."
msgstr ""
"NET-3網絡工具箱（<ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink>，IPv4網絡配"
"置）：<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "test::net-tools"
msgstr "測試：：net-tools"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host by <ulink url=\"&hostname;"
"\">hostname</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink> "
"(legacy, GNU)"
msgstr ""
"測試能否連接遠程主機，通過<ulink url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink>或<ulink "
"url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP 地址</ulink>（傳統方式，GNU）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"test network reachability of a remote host specified by the <ulink url="
"\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> address (legacy)"
msgstr ""
"測試能否連接遠程主機，通過<ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink>地址（傳統方法）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host (legacy, console)"
msgstr "跟蹤連接遠程主機的路徑（傳統方法，控制檯）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::low-level"
msgstr "配置：：底層"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DHCP client"
msgstr "DHCP客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)"
msgstr "WPA和WPA2客戶端支持（IEEE 802.11i)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Qt GUI client for wpa_supplicant"
msgstr "wpa_supplicant Qt 圖形界面客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions"
msgstr "操控Linux無線擴展的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PPP/PPPoE connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr "使用<literal>chat</literal>連接PPP/PPPoE"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "config::helper"
msgstr "配置：：輔助"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "configuration helper for PPPoE connection"
msgstr "配置助手，以便於使用PPPoE連接"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "configuration helper for PPP connection with <literal>chat</literal>"
msgstr "配置助手，以便於使用<literal>chat</literal>連接PPP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"configuration helper for PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</literal> and "
"<literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr ""
"配置助手，以便於使用<literal>wvdial</literal>和<literal>ppp</literal>連接PPP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "test::low-level"
msgstr "測試：：底層"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host (curses)"
msgstr "追蹤連接遠程主機的路徑（文本界面）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trace the network path to a remote host (curses and GTK+)"
msgstr "追蹤連接遠程主機的路徑（文本界面和GTK+界面）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tools for common network information operations (GNOME)"
msgstr "獲取常見網絡信息的工具（GNOME)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"network mapper / port scanner (<ulink url=\"&nmap;\">Nmap</ulink>, console)"
msgstr "網絡映射/端口掃描（<ulink url=\"&nmap;\">Nmap</ulink>，控制檯）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "network mapper / port scanner (GTK+)"
msgstr "網絡映射/端口掃描（GTK+）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&tcpdump;\">Tcpdump</ulink>, console)"
msgstr "網絡流量分析（<ulink url=\"&tcpdump;\">Tcpdump</ulink>，控制檯）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"network traffic analyzer (<ulink url=\"&wireshark;\">Wireshark</ulink>, GTK+)"
msgstr "網絡流量分析（<ulink url=\"&wireshark;\">Wireshark</ulink>,GTK+）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "network traffic analyzer (console)"
msgstr "網絡流量分析(控制檯）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"produce a summarization of the connections from <literal>tcpdump</literal> "
"output"
msgstr "根據<literal>tcpdump</literal>的輸出生成的連接數據統計"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"flexible network intrusion detection system (<ulink url=\"&snort;\">Snort</"
"ulink>)"
msgstr "靈活的網絡入侵偵測系統（<ulink url=\"&snort;\">Snort</ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display network usage in web browser"
msgstr "在網頁瀏覽器中展示網絡流量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"network clients provided with <ulink url=\"&bind;\">BIND</ulink>: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nslookup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nsupdate</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bind;\">BIND</ulink>軟件包提供的網絡客戶端程序："
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nslookup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>,<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nsupdate</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"check <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> zone information using nameserver "
"lookups"
msgstr "利用域名服務器查詢來查看<ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink>域信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trace a chain of <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> servers to the source"
msgstr "跟蹤<ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink>查詢直至源頭"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The hostname resolution"
msgstr "主機名解析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The hostname resolution is currently supported by the <ulink url="
"\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (Name Service Switch)</ulink> mechanism too.  "
"The flow of this resolution is the following."
msgstr ""
"主機名解析，目前也是由 <ulink url=\"&nssnameserviceswitch;\">NSS (名字服務轉"
"換 Name Service Switch)</ulink> 機制來支援。這個解析的流程如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file with stanza like "
"\"<literal>hosts: files dns</literal>\" dictates the hostname resolution "
"order. (This replaces the old functionality of the \"<literal>order</literal>"
"\" stanza in \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" 檔案裡的 \"<literal>hosts: files "
"dns</literal>\" 這段規定主機名解析順序。 (代替 \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</"
"literal>\" 檔案裡的\"<literal>order</literal>\" 這段原有的功能。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>files</literal> method is invoked first.  If the hostname is "
"found in the \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" file, it returns all valid "
"addresses for it and exits. (The \"<literal>/etc/host.conf</literal>\" file "
"contains \"<literal>multi on</literal>\".)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>files</literal> 方式首先被呼叫。如果主機名在 \"<literal>/etc/hosts</"
"literal>\" 檔案裡面發現，則返回所有有效地址並退出。 ( \"<literal>/etc/host."
"conf</literal>\" 檔案包含 \"<literal>multi on</literal>\".)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>dns</literal> method is invoked.  If the hostname is found by "
"the query to the <ulink url=\"&internetdomainnamesystemdns;\">Internet "
"Domain Name System (DNS)</ulink> identified by the \"<literal>/etc/resolv."
"conf</literal>\" file, it returns all valid addresses for it and exits."
msgstr ""
"<literal>dns</literal> 方式被呼叫。如果主機名通過查詢 \"<literal>/etc/resolv."
"conf</literal>\" 檔案裡面寫的 <ulink url=\"&internetdomainnamesystemdns;\">網"
"際網路域名系統 Domain Name System (DNS)</ulink> 來找到，則返回所有有效地址並"
"退出。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" looks like the following."
msgstr "例如, \"<literal>/etc/hosts</literal>\" 看起來如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"127.0.0.1 localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 &lt;host_name&gt;\n"
"\n"
"# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
"::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
"ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
"ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
"ff02::3 ip6-allhosts"
msgstr ""
"127.0.0.1 localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 &lt;host_name&gt;\n"
"\n"
"# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts\n"
"::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"fe00::0 ip6-localnet\n"
"ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix\n"
"ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n"
"ff02::3 ip6-allhosts"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each line starts with a <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP address</ulink> and it "
"is followed by the associated <ulink url=\"&hostname;\">hostname</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"每一行由 <ulink url=\"&ipaddress;\">IP 地址</ulink> 開始，接下來是相關聯的"
"<ulink url=\"&hostname;\">主機名</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The IP address <literal>127.0.1.1</literal> in the second line of this "
"example may not be found on some other Unix-like systems.  The <ulink url="
"\"&debianinstaller;\">Debian Installer</ulink> creates this entry for a "
"system without a permanent IP address as a workaround for some software (e."
"g., GNOME) as documented in the <ulink url=\"&bughbjgcb;\">bug #719621</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"在這個例子的第二行 <literal>127.0.1.1</literal> IP 地址也許不會在其它類 Unix "
"系統發現。<ulink url=\"&debianinstaller;\">Debian Installer</ulink> 為沒有永"
"久 IP 地址的系統建立這個條目，作為某些軟體（如 GNOME）的一個變通方法，見文件 "
"<ulink url=\"&bughbjgcb;\">bug #719621</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The &lt;host_name&gt; matches the hostname defined in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"hostname</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"&lt;host_name&gt; 匹配在\"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\"裡定義的主機名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For a system with a permanent IP address, that permanent IP address should "
"be used here instead of <literal>127.0.1.1</literal>."
msgstr ""
"對於有永久 IP 地址的系統，這個永久 IP 地址應當代替這裡的 <literal>127.0.1.1</"
"literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For a system with a permanent IP address and a <ulink url="
"\"&fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn;\">fully qualified domain name (FQDN)</"
"ulink> provided by the <ulink url=\"&domainnamesystemdns;\">Domain Name "
"System (DNS)</ulink>, that canonical &lt;host_name&gt;.&lt;domain_name&gt; "
"should be used instead of just &lt;host_name&gt;."
msgstr ""
"對於有永久 IP 地址和有 <ulink url=\"&domainnamesystemdns;\">域名系統 Domain "
"Name System (DNS)</ulink>提供<ulink url=\"&fullyqualifieddomainnamefqdn;\">完"
"全資格域名 fully qualified domain name (FQDN)</ulink> 的系統，規範名 &lt;"
"host_name&gt;.&lt;domain_name&gt; 應當被用來代替 &lt;host_name&gt;."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is a static file if the "
"<literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed.  If installed, it is "
"a symbolic link.  Either way, it contains information that initialize the "
"resolver routines. If the DNS is found at IP=\"<literal>192.168.11.1</"
"literal>\", it contains the following."
msgstr ""
"如果 <literal>resolvconf</literal> 軟體包沒有安裝，\"<literal>/etc/resolv."
"conf</literal>\" 是一個靜態檔案。如果安裝了，它是一個符號連結。此外，它包含有"
"解析策略的初始化資訊。如 DNS 是 IP=\"<literal>192.168.11.1</literal>\",則包含"
"如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "nameserver 192.168.11.1"
msgstr "nameserver 192.168.11.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package makes this \"<literal>/etc/resolv."
"conf</literal>\" into a symbolic link and manages its contents by the hook "
"scripts automatically."
msgstr ""
"<literal>resolvconf</literal> 軟體包使這個 \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</"
"literal>\" 檔案成為一個符號連結，並通過鉤子指令碼自動管理其內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the PC workstation on the typical adhoc LAN environment, the hostname "
"can be resolved via Multicast DNS (mDNS, <ulink url=\"&zeroconf;\">Zeroconf</"
"ulink>) in addition to the basic <literal>files</literal> and <literal>dns</"
"literal> methods."
msgstr ""
"對於典型 adhoc 區域網環境下的 PC 工作站，除了基本的 <literal>files</literal> "
"和 <literal>dns</literal> 方式之外，主機名還能夠通過組播 DNS (mDNS, <ulink "
"url=\"&zeroconf;\">零配置網路 Zeroconf</ulink>)進行解析。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&avahi;\">Avahi</ulink> provides a framework for Multicast DNS "
"Service Discovery on Debian."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&avahi;\">Avahi</ulink> 提供 Debian 下的組播 DNS 發現框架。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"It is equivalent of <ulink url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple "
"Bonjour / Apple Rendezvous</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"它和 <ulink url=\"&applebonjourapplerendezvous;\">Apple Bonjour / Apple "
"Rendezvous</ulink> 相當."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>libnss-mdns</literal> plugin package provides host name "
"resolution via mDNS for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality of "
"the GNU C Library (glibc)."
msgstr ""
"<literal>libnss-mdns</literal> 外掛包提供 mDNS 的主機名解析，GNU C 庫 (glibc)"
"的 GNU 名字服務轉換 Name Service Switch (NSS) 功能支援 mDNS。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file should have stanza like "
"\"<literal>hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" 檔案應當有像 \"<literal>hosts: "
"files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4</literal>\" 這樣的一段."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Host names ending with the <ulink url=\"&local;\">\".local\"</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&pseudotopleveldomain;\">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink> (TLD) are "
"resolved."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&local;\">\".local\"</ulink>結尾的主機名，使用 <ulink url="
"\"&pseudotopleveldomain;\">pseudo-top-level domain</ulink> (TLD) 來解析."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The mDNS IPv4 link-local multicast address \"<literal>224.0.0.251</literal>"
"\" or its IPv6 equivalent \"<literal>FF02::FB</literal>\" are used to make "
"DNS query for a name ending with \"<literal>.local</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"mDNS IPv4 本地連線組播地址 \"<literal>224.0.0.251</literal>\" 或它相應的 "
"IPv6 地址 \"<literal>FF02::FB</literal>\" 被用來作為 \"<literal>.local</"
"literal>\" 結尾名字的 DNS 查詢。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The hostname resolution via deprecated <ulink url=\"&netbiosovertcpip;"
"\">NETBios over TCP/IP</ulink> used by the older Windows system can be "
"provided by installing the <literal>winbind</literal> package.  The "
"\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" file should have stanza like "
"\"<literal>hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 wins</"
"literal>\" to enable this functionality.  (Modern Windows system usually use "
"the <literal>dns</literal> method for the hostname resolution.)"
msgstr ""
"較老的 Windows 系統安裝 <literal>winbind</literal> 軟體包來提供舊的 <ulink "
"url=\"&netbiosovertcpip;\">NETBios over TCP/IP</ulink> 主機名解析。為啟用這個"
"功能，\"<literal>/etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>\" 檔案應當有這樣的一段： "
"\"<literal>hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 wins</"
"literal>\"。 (現代 Windows 系統通常使用 <literal>dns</literal> 方式來進行主機"
"名解析。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&expansionofgenerleveldomainsgtld;\">expansion of generic "
"Top-Level Domains (gTLD)</ulink> in the <ulink url=\"&domainnamesystem;"
"\">Domain Name System</ulink> is underway.  Watch out for the <ulink url="
"\"&namecollision;\">name collision</ulink> when chosing a domain name used "
"only within LAN."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&domainnamesystem;\">域名系統 Domain Name System</ulink> 中的"
"<ulink url=\"&expansionofgenerleveldomainsgtld;\">擴充套件通用頂級域名 "
"expansion of generic Top-Level Domains (gTLD)</ulink> 還在進行中。在區域網"
"內，選擇一個域名時，請提防<ulink url=\"&namecollision;\">名字衝突 name "
"collision</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The network interface name"
msgstr "網路介面名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The network interface name, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, is assigned to "
"each hardware in the Linux kernel through the user space configuration "
"mechanism, <literal>udev</literal> (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/"
">), as it is found.  The network interface name is referred as <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"網路介面名稱，比如說 <literal>eth0</literal>, 是在 Linux 核心裡分配給每一個硬"
"體的，當這個硬體被核心發現的時候，通過使用者層的配置機制<literal>udev</"
"literal> (參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>)來分配.網絡卡介面名稱也就"
"是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>裡的 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to ensure each network interface to be named persistently for each "
"reboot using <ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> etc., there is "
"a rules file \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>"
"\".  This file is automatically generated by the \"<literal>/lib/udev/"
"write_net_rules</literal>\" program, probably run by the "
"\"<literal>persistent-net-generator.rules</literal>\" rules file. You can "
"modify it to change naming rule."
msgstr ""
"為了保證每個網路介面名稱在每次重啟後一致，會用到 <ulink url=\"&macaddress;"
"\">MAC 地址</ulink> 等,有一個規則檔案\"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-"
"persistent-net.rules</literal>\". 這個檔案是由\"<literal>/lib/udev/"
"write_net_rules</literal>\" 程式自動生成，是由 \"<literal>persistent-net-"
"generator.rules</literal>\" 規則檔案來執行. 你可以修改該檔案來改變命名規則。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"When editing the \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</"
"literal>\" rules file, you must keep each rule on a single line and the "
"<ulink url=\"&macaddress;\">MAC address</ulink> in lowercase. For example, "
"if you find \"FireWire device\" and \"PCI device\" in this file, you "
"probably want to name \"PCI device\" as <literal>eth0</literal> and "
"configure it as the primary network interface."
msgstr ""
"當編輯 \"<literal>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</literal>\" 規則"
"檔案時，你必須保持每條規則在單獨的一行中，並且 <ulink url=\"&macaddress;"
"\">MAC 地址</ulink> 要小寫。比如說，如果你發現\"FireWire device\" 和\"PCI "
"device\" 在這個檔案中，你也許想命名\"PCI device\" 作為 <literal>eth0</"
"literal>，並配置它為首要網路介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The network address range for the LAN"
msgstr "區域網網路地址範圍"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let us be reminded of the IPv4 32 bit address ranges in each class reserved "
"for use on the <ulink url=\"&localareanetworkslans;\">local area networks "
"(LANs)</ulink> by <ulink url=\"&rfcbjbi;\">rfc1918</ulink>.  These addresses "
"are guaranteed not to conflict with any addresses on the Internet proper."
msgstr ""
"讓我們重新提醒下在 <ulink url=\"&rfcbjbi;\">rfc1918</ulink> 裡規定的<ulink "
"url=\"&localareanetworkslans;\">區域網 local area networks (LANs)</"
"ulink>IPv4 32 位地址在各類地址的保留範圍.  這些地址保證不會與因特網上專有的地"
"址衝突。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network address ranges"
msgstr "網路地址範圍列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Class"
msgstr "類別"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "network addresses"
msgstr "網路地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "net mask"
msgstr "子網掩碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "net mask /bits"
msgstr "子網掩碼/位數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "# of subnets"
msgstr "# 子網數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "A"
msgstr "A"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "10.x.x.x"
msgstr "10.x.x.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "255.0.0.0"
msgstr "255.0.0.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "/8"
msgstr "/8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "B"
msgstr "B"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "172.16.x.x — 172.31.x.x"
msgstr "172.16.x.x — 172.31.x.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "255.255.0.0"
msgstr "255.255.0.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "/16"
msgstr "/16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "16"
msgstr "16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "C"
msgstr "C"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "192.168.0.x — 192.168.255.x"
msgstr "192.168.0.x — 192.168.255.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "255.255.255.0"
msgstr "255.255.255.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "/24"
msgstr "/24"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "256"
msgstr "256"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If one of these addresses is assigned to a host, then that host must not "
"access the Internet directly but must access it through a gateway that acts "
"as a proxy for individual services or else does <ulink url="
"\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">Network Address Translation (NAT)</"
"ulink>.  The broadband router usually performs NAT for the consumer LAN "
"environment."
msgstr ""
"如果這些地址分配到一個主機，那麼這個主機一定不能夠直接訪問網際網路，必須通過"
"一個作為閘道器的代理服務或通過 <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">"
"網路地址轉換 Network Address Translation (NAT)</ulink>.  消費區域網環境，寬頻"
"路由器通常使用 NAT。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The network device support"
msgstr "網路裝置支援"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although most hardware devices are supported by the Debian system, there are "
"some network devices which require <ulink url=\"&dfsg;\">DFSG</ulink> non-"
"free firmware to support them.  Please see <xref linkend="
"\"_hardware_drivers_and_firmware\"/>."
msgstr ""
"儘管 Debian 系統支援大多數硬體裝置，但依舊有一些網路裝置需要 <ulink url="
"\"&dfsg;\">DFSG</ulink> non-free 韌體來支援它們。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_hardware_drivers_and_firmware\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The modern network configuration for desktop"
msgstr "現代的桌面網路配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian <literal>squeeze</literal> and newer can manage the network "
"connection via management <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> software "
"such as <ulink url=\"&networkmanagernm;\">NetworkManager (NM)</ulink> "
"(network-manager and associated packages) or <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</"
"ulink> (wicd and associated packages)."
msgstr ""
"Debian <literal>squeeze</literal> 和新的發行版都可以通過<ulink url=\"&daemon;"
"\">後臺守護程序（daemon）</ulink>管理軟體來管理網路連線，例如 <ulink url="
"\"&networkmanagernm;\">NetworkManager (NM)</ulink>（network-manager 和相關軟"
"體包）或 <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</ulink>（wicd 和相關軟體包）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"They come with their own <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> and command-line "
"programs as their user interfaces."
msgstr ""
"它們有自己的 <ulink url=\"&gui;\">GUI</ulink> 和命令列程式來作為使用者介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"They come with their own <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> as their "
"backend system."
msgstr ""
"它們有自己的<ulink url=\"&daemon;\">後臺守護程序（daemon）</ulink>作為它們的"
"系統後端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "They allow easy connection of your system to the Internet."
msgstr "它們使你可以簡單地將系統連線到網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "They allow easy management of wired and wireless network configuration."
msgstr "它們使你可以簡單地管理有線和無線網路的配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"They allow us to configure network independent of the legacy "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> package."
msgstr "它們允許你配置網路而不依賴傳統的 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use these automatic network configuration tools for servers.  These "
"are aimed primarily for mobile desktop users on laptops."
msgstr ""
"不要在伺服器上使用這些自動網路配置工具。它們主要針對於膝上型電腦上的移動桌面"
"使用者。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These modern network configuration tools need to be configured properly to "
"avoid conflicting with the legacy <literal>ifupdown</literal> package and "
"its configuration file \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"這些現代的網路配置工具需要進行適當的配置，以避免與傳統 <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> 軟體包發生衝突，它的配置檔案位於 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Some features of these automatic network configuration tools may suffer "
"regressions.  These are not as robust as the legacy <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> package.  Check <ulink url=\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">BTS of network-"
"manager</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&btsofwicd;\">BTS of wicd</ulink> for "
"current issues and limitations."
msgstr ""
"這些自動網路配置工具的一些功能可能會帶來令人煩擾的問題。它們不像傳統的 "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包那樣健壯。檢查 <ulink url="
"\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">network-manager 的 BTS</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&btsofwicd;\">wicd 的 BTS</ulink>，來檢視當前的問題和限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "GUI network configuration tools"
msgstr "圖形介面的網路配置工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Official documentations for NM and Wicd on Debian are provided in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/network-manager/README.Debian</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wicd/README.Debian</literal>\", respectively."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統 NM 和 Wicd 的官方文件分別位於 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/network-"
"manager/README.Debian</literal>” 和 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/wicd/README."
"Debian</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Essentially, the network configuration for desktop is done as follows."
msgstr "本質上，如下操作即可完成桌面的網路配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Make desktop user, e.g. <literal>foo</literal>, belong to group "
"\"<literal>netdev</literal>\" by the following (Alternatively, do it "
"automatically via <ulink url=\"&dbus;\">D-bus</ulink> under modern desktop "
"environments such as GNOME and KDE)."
msgstr ""
"通過下列命令使桌面使用者 <literal>foo</literal> 歸屬 “<literal>netdev</"
"literal>” 組（另外，例如 GNOME 和 KDE 這樣的現代桌面環境會通過 <ulink url="
"\"&dbus;\">D-bus</ulink> 自動完成該操作）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo adduser foo netdev"
msgstr "$ sudo adduser foo netdev"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Keep configuration of \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" as "
"simple as in the following."
msgstr ""
"使 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>” 的配置保持下面那樣簡潔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback"
msgstr ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Restart NM or Wicd by the following."
msgstr "通過下列命令重新啟動 NM 或 Wicd。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager restart"
msgstr "$ sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager restart"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/wicd restart"
msgstr "$ sudo /etc/init.d/wicd restart"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Configure your network via GUI."
msgstr "通過圖形介面配置網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Only interfaces which are <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> listed in "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" are managed by NM or Wicd to "
"avoid conflict with <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr ""
"只有<emphasis role=\"strong\">不</emphasis>列在 “<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>” 中的介面會被 NM 或 Wicd 管理，以避免與 "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 的衝突。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you wish to extend network configuration capabilities of NM, please seek "
"appropriate plug-in modules and supplemental packages such as "
"<literal>network-manager-openconnect</literal>, <literal>network-manager-"
"openvpn-gnome</literal>, <literal>network-manager-pptp-gnome</literal>, "
"<literal>mobile-broadband-provider-info</literal>, <literal>gnome-bluetooth</"
"literal>, etc.  The same goes for those of Wicd."
msgstr ""
"如果你想擴充套件 NM 的網路配置功能，請尋找適當的外掛模組和補充軟體包，例如 "
"<literal>network-manager-openconnect</literal>、<literal>\n"
"network-manager-openvpn-gnome</literal>、<literal>network-manager-pptp-"
"gnome</literal>、<literal>mobile-broadband-provider-info</literal>、"
"<literal>gnome-bluetooth</literal> 等等。這同樣適用於 Wicd。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"These automatic network configuration tools may not be compatible with "
"esoteric configurations of legacy <literal>ifupdown</literal> in \"<literal>/"
"etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" such as ones in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/>.  "
"Check <ulink url=\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">BTS of network-manager</ulink> "
"and <ulink url=\"&btsofwicd;\">BTS of wicd</ulink> for current issues and "
"limitations."
msgstr ""
"這些自動網路配置工具可能無法相容 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>” 中傳統的 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 的深奧配置，例如 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> 和 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> 中的那"
"些配置。檢查 <ulink url=\"&btsofnetworkmanager;\">network-manager 的 BTS</"
"ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&btsofwicd;\">wicd 的 BTS</ulink> 來檢視當前的問題和限"
"制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The modern network configuration for desktop"
msgid "The modern network configuration without GUI"
msgstr "現代的桌面網路配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, the network may be "
"configured in <literal>/etc/systemd/network/</literal> instead.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 的系統中，可以在 <literal>/etc/"
"systemd/network/</literal> 裡配置網路。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The modern network configuration for desktop"
msgid "This allows the modern network configuration without GUI."
msgstr "現代的桌面網路配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"A DHCP client configuration can be set up by creating \"<literal>/etc/"
"systemd/network/dhcp.network</literal>\".  E.g.:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[Match]\n"
"Name=en*\n"
"\n"
"[Network]\n"
"DHCP=yes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For all the network configuration you need to access, you create a "
#| "separate stanza in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as "
#| "the following."
msgid ""
"A static network configuration can be set up by creating \"<literal>/etc/"
"systemd/network/static.network</literal>\".  E.g.:"
msgstr ""
"對於你需要訪問的所有網路配置，你需要在 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>” 檔案中像下面那樣建立一個單獨的節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[Match]\n"
"Name=en*\n"
"\n"
"[Network]\n"
"Address=192.168.0.15/24\n"
"Gateway=192.168.0.1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The legacy network connection and configuration"
msgstr "傳統的網路連線和配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the method described in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop\"/> does not suffice your "
"needs, you should use the legacy network connection and configuration method "
"which combines many simpler tools."
msgstr ""
"如果 <xref linkend=\"_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop\"/> 中描述"
"的方法無法滿足你的需要，那你應該使用結合了許多普通工具的傳統網路連線和配置方"
"法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The legacy network connection is specific for each method (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_connection_method_legacy\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"傳統網路連線的每個方法都是特定的（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_connection_method_legacy\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are 2 types of programs for the low level network configuration on "
"Linux (see <xref linkend=\"_iproute2_commands\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"用於 Linux 底層網路配置的程式有兩種型別（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_iproute2_commands\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Old <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> programs "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …) are from the Linux NET-3 networking system. "
"Most of these are obsolete now."
msgstr ""
"來自 Linux NET-3 網路系統的舊 <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> 程"
"式（<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>……）。它們中的大多數都已經過時了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"New <ulink url=\"&linuxiproutec;\">Linux iproute2</ulink> programs "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, …) are the current Linux networking system."
msgstr ""
"來自現在的 Linux 網路系統的新 <ulink url=\"&linuxiproutec;\">Linux iproute2</"
"ulink> 程式（<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>……）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although these low level networking programs are powerful, they are "
"cumbersome to use.  So high level network configuration systems have been "
"created."
msgstr "儘管底層程式十分強大，但它們使用繁瑣。因此建立了高層網路配置系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package is the de facto standard for such "
"high level network configuration system on Debian.  It enables you to bring "
"up network simply by doing , e.g., \"<literal>ifup eth0</literal>\".  Its "
"configuration file is the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"file and its typical contents are the following."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包是 Debian 中這種高層網路配置系統的實際標"
"準。它讓你可以簡單地通過例如 “<literal>ifup eth0</literal>” 這樣的命令來開啟"
"網路。它的配置檔案位於 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>” 中並且其"
"典型內容如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"auto eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"
msgstr ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"auto eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package was created to supplement "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system to support smooth reconfiguration of "
"network address resolution by automating rewrite of resolver configuration "
"file \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\".  Now, most Debian network "
"configuration packages are modified to use <literal>resolvconf</literal> "
"package (see \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/resolvconf/README.Debian</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"<literal>resolvconf</literal> 軟體包是為了使 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 系統"
"支援自動重寫解析器配置檔案 “<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>” 來使網路地址"
"解析平滑地重新配置。現在，大多數 Debian 網路配置軟體包都使用了 "
"<literal>resolvconf</literal> 軟體包（參見 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"resolvconf/README.Debian</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Helper scripts to the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package such as "
"<literal>ifplugd</literal>, <literal>guessnet</literal>, <literal>ifscheme</"
"literal>, etc. are created to automate dynamic configuration of network "
"environment such as one for mobile PC on wired LAN.  These are relatively "
"difficult to use but play well with existing <literal>ifupdown</literal> "
"system."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包的輔助指令碼，例如 <literal>ifplugd</"
"literal>、<literal>guessnet</literal>、<literal>ifscheme</literal>等，是為了"
"進行網路環境的自動動態配置，例如位於有線區域網中的移動電腦。這些相對來說比較"
"難使用，但在當前的 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 系統下工作良好。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are explained in detail with examples (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"詳細的案例參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The network connection method (legacy)"
msgstr "網路連線方式（傳統）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The connection test methods described in this section are meant for testing "
"purposes.  It is not meant to be used directly for the daily network "
"connection.  You are advised to use NM, Wicd, or the <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> package instead (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"在這節描述的連線測試方式僅僅用於測試目的。不應當直接用於日常的網路連線。建議"
"你使用 NM, Wicd, 或 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 包代替。(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The typical network connection method and connection path for a PC can be "
"summarized as the following."
msgstr "一臺電腦典型的網路連線方式和連線路徑，能夠使用下面的內容概述。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network connection methods and connection paths"
msgstr "網路連線方式和連線路徑列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "PC"
msgstr "PC"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "connection method"
msgstr "連線方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "connection path"
msgstr "連線路徑"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Serial port (<literal>ppp0</literal>)"
msgstr "串列埠 (<literal>ppp0</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PPP"
msgstr "PPP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"⇔ <ulink url=\"&modem;\">modem</ulink> ⇔ POTS ⇔ dial-up access point ⇔ ISP"
msgstr "⇔ <ulink url=\"&modem;\">modem</ulink> ⇔ POTS ⇔ 撥號接入點 ⇔ ISP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Ethernet port (<literal>eth0</literal>)"
msgstr "乙太網口 (<literal>eth0</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PPPoE/DHCP/Static"
msgstr "PPPoE/DHCP/Static"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "⇔ BB-modem ⇔ BB service ⇔ BB access point ⇔ ISP"
msgstr "⇔ 寬頻-modem ⇔ 寬頻鏈路 ⇔ 寬頻接入點 ⇔ ISP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DHCP/Static"
msgstr "DHCP/Static"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"⇔ LAN ⇔ BB-router with <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network "
"address translation (NAT)</ulink> (⇔ BB-modem …)"
msgstr ""
"⇔ LAN ⇔ <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">網路地址轉換 (NAT)</"
"ulink> 的寬頻路由器 (⇔ 寬頻-modem …)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is the summary of configuration scripts for each connection method."
msgstr "每種連線方式配置指令碼彙總。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network connection configurations"
msgstr "網路連線配置列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "configuration"
msgstr "配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "backend package(s)"
msgstr "後端包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr "<literal>pppconfig</literal> 建立固定的 chat"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>pppconfig</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pppconfig</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PPP (alternative)"
msgstr "PPP (選用)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> to create heuristic chat"
msgstr "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> 建立啟發式的 chat"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ppp</literal>, <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ppp</literal>, <literal>wvdial</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PPPoE"
msgstr "PPPoE"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal> to create deterministic chat"
msgstr "<literal>pppoeconf</literal> 建立固定的 chat"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>pppoeconf</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pppoeconf</literal>, <literal>ppp</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DHCP"
msgstr "DHCP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "described in \"<literal>/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf</literal>\""
msgstr "在 \"<literal>/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf</literal>\" 裡描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>isc-dhcp-client</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>isc-dhcp-client</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "static IP (IPv4)"
msgstr "靜態 IP (IPv4)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "described in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\""
msgstr "在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>iproute</literal> or <literal>net-tools</literal> (obsolete)"
msgstr "<literal>iproute</literal> 或 <literal>net-tools</literal> (舊)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "static IP (IPv6)"
msgstr "靜態 IP (IPv6)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>iproute</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>iproute</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "The network connection acronyms mean the following."
msgstr "網路連線縮略語意義如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network connection acronyms"
msgstr "網路連線縮略語列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "acronym"
msgstr "縮略語"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pots;\">POTS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "plain old telephone service"
msgstr "普通老式電話服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "BB"
msgstr "BB"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&broadband;\">broadband</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&broadband;\">寬頻</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "BB-service"
msgstr "BB-service"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"e.g., the digital subscriber line (DSL), the cable TV, or the fiber to the "
"premises (FTTP)"
msgstr "比如說，數字使用者線路（DSL），電視線纜，光纖到戶 (FTTP)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "BB-modem"
msgstr "BB-modem"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"e.g., <ulink url=\"&thedslmodem;\">the DSL modem</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&thecablemodem;\">the cable modem</ulink>, or <ulink url="
"\"&theopticalnetworkterminalont;\">the optical network terminal (ONT)</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"比如說，<ulink url=\"&thedslmodem;\">DSL modem</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&thecablemodem;\">線纜 modem</ulink>, 或<ulink url="
"\"&theopticalnetworkterminalont;\">光纖網路終端(ONT)</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lan;\">LAN</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "local area network"
msgstr "區域網"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wan;\">WAN</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "wide area network"
msgstr "廣域網"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "dynamic host configuration protocol"
msgstr "動態主機配置協議"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "point-to-point protocol"
msgstr "點到點協議"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "point-to-point protocol over Ethernet"
msgstr "乙太網上的點到點協議"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isp;\">ISP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Internet service provider"
msgstr "網際網路服務提供商"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The WAN connection services via cable TV are generally served by DHCP or "
"PPPoE.  The ones by ADSL and FTTP are generally served by PPPoE.  You have "
"to consult your ISP for exact configuration requirements of the WAN "
"connection."
msgstr ""
"通過電視線纜的廣域網服務，通常使用 DHCP 或 PPPoE。ADSL 和 FTTP 通常使用 "
"PPPoE。你需要諮詢你的網際網路服務提供商來獲得廣域網連線使用的精確配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When BB-router is used to create home LAN environment, PCs on LAN are "
"connected to the WAN via BB-router with <ulink url="
"\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</"
"ulink>.  For such case, PC's network interfaces on the LAN are served by "
"static IP or DHCP from the BB-router.  BB-router must be configured to "
"connect the WAN following the instruction by your ISP."
msgstr ""
"當寬頻路由器用來搭建家庭區域網環境時，區域網上的電腦需要使用寬頻路由器上的 "
"<ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">網路地址轉換（NAT）</ulink>，來"
"連線到廣域網。在這樣的情況下，區域網上的電腦網路介面需使用靜態 IP 或者寬頻路"
"由器提供的 DHCP 服務。寬頻路由器必須按 ISP 的指引來配置連線到廣域網。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The DHCP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr "乙太網 DHCP 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The typical modern home and small business network, i.e. LAN, are connected "
"to the WAN (Internet) using some consumer grade broadband router.  The LAN "
"behind this router is usually served by the <ulink url="
"\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host configuration protocol "
"(DHCP)</ulink> server running on the router."
msgstr ""
"典型的現代家庭和小的商業網路，也就是區域網，使用一些消費等級的寬頻路由器連線"
"到廣域網（因特網）。路由器後面的區域網通常使用路由器上執行的<ulink url="
"\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">動態主機配置協議（DHCP）</ulink> 服務"
"端提供的服務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Just install the <literal>isc-dhcp-client</literal> package for the Ethernet "
"served by the <ulink url=\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">dynamic host "
"configuration protocol (DHCP)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"僅僅需要安裝 <literal>isc-dhcp-client</literal> 包為乙太網提供<ulink url="
"\"&dynamichostconfitionprotocoldhcp;\">動態主機配置協議 (DHCP)</ulink>服務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dhclient.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dhclient.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The static IP connection with the Ethernet"
msgstr "乙太網靜態 IP 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "No special action is needed for the Ethernet served by the static IP."
msgstr "靜態 IP 乙太網不需要特別的配置動作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The PPP connection with pppconfig"
msgstr "使用 pppconfig 的 PPP 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The configuration script <literal>pppconfig</literal> configures the <ulink "
"url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> connection interactively just by selecting the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"配置指令碼 <literal>pppconfig</literal> 配置 <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</"
"ulink> 連線，僅需要互動式的選擇下面內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The telephone number"
msgstr "電話號碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The ISP user name"
msgstr "ISP 使用者名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The ISP password"
msgstr "ISP 密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The port speed"
msgstr "埠速率"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The modem communication port"
msgstr "modem 通訊埠"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The authentication method"
msgstr "認證方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of configuration files for the <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> "
"connection with pppconfig"
msgstr "使用 pppconfig 的 <ulink url=\"&ppp;\">PPP</ulink> 連線配置檔案列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>pppd</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""
"<literal>pppconfig</literal> 生成針對  &lt;isp_name&gt; 的 <literal>pppd</"
"literal> 配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/chatscripts/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/chatscripts/&lt;isp_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"The <literal>pppconfig</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>chat</literal> specific to &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""
"<literal>pppconfig</literal> 生成針對  &lt;isp_name&gt; 的 <literal>chat</"
"literal> 配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/options</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/options</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The general execution parameter for <literal>pppd</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>pppd</literal> 常用的執行引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-secret</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-secret</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&pap;\">PAP</ulink> (security risk)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pap;\">PAP</ulink> 的鑑權認證資料 (有安全風險)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/chap-secret</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/chap-secret</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Authentication data for the <ulink url=\"&chap;\">CHAP</ulink> (more secure)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&chap;\">CHAP</ulink> 的鑑權認證資料(更安全)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The \"&lt;isp_name&gt;\" value of \"<literal>provider</literal>\" is assumed "
"if <literal>pon</literal> and <literal>poff</literal> commands are invoked "
"without arguments."
msgstr ""
"\"&lt;isp_name&gt;\" 是 \"<literal>網際網路服務提供商</literal>\" ，假設 "
"<literal>pon</literal> 和 <literal>poff</literal> 命令呼叫時，沒有引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can test configuration using low level network configuration tools as "
"the following."
msgstr "你可以使用下面的底層網路配置工具測試配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo pon &lt;isp_name&gt;\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo pon &lt;isp_name&gt;\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff &lt;isp_name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ppp/README.Debian.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr "參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ppp/README.Debian.gz</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The alternative PPP connection with wvdialconf"
msgstr "使用  wvdialconf 的另一種可選的 PPP 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A different approach to using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is to run it from "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which comes in the <literal>wvdial</literal> package.  Instead "
"of <literal>pppd</literal> running <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to dial in and "
"negotiate the connection, <literal>wvdial</literal> does the dialing and "
"initial negotiating and then starts <literal>pppd</literal> to do the rest."
msgstr ""
"一個不同的使用<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pppd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 方案是使用來自 <literal>wvdial</literal> 包的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。代替 <literal>pppd</literal> 執行 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來撥號和協商連線，<literal>wvdial</literal> 進行撥號和初始化協"
"商，然後啟動 <literal>pppd</literal> 進行餘下操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The configuration script <literal>wvdialconf</literal> configures the PPP "
"connection interactively just by selecting the following."
msgstr ""
"配置指令碼 <literal>wvdialconf</literal> 配置 PPP 連線，僅需要互動式的選擇下"
"面內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>wvdial</literal> succeeds in making the connection in most cases "
"and maintains authentication data list automatically."
msgstr ""
"在大部分情況下，<literal>wvdial</literal> 能夠成功建立連線並自動維護認證鑑權"
"資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPP connection with wvdialconf"
msgstr "使用 wvdialconf 的 PPP 連線配置檔案列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>wvdial</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>wvdialconf</literal> 生成針對 <literal>wvdial</literal> 的 "
"<literal>pppd</literal> 配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/wvdial.conf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The <literal>wvdialconf</literal> generated configuration file"
msgstr "<literal>wvdialconf</literal> 生成配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo wvdial\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo killall wvdial"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo wvdial\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo killall wvdial"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wvdial.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The PPPoE connection with pppoeconf"
msgstr "使用 pppoeconf  的 PPPoE 乙太網連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When your ISP serves you with PPPoE connection and you decide to connect "
"your PC directly to the WAN, the network of your PC must be configured with "
"the PPPoE. The PPPoE stand for PPP over Ethernet. The configuration script "
"<literal>pppoeconf</literal> configures the PPPoE connection interactively."
msgstr ""
"當你的網際網路提供商提供 PPPoE 連線，並且你決定把電腦直接連線到廣域網，那你的"
"電腦網路必須使用  PPPoE 來配置。PPPoE 表示乙太網上的 PPP。配置指令碼"
"<literal>pppoeconf</literal> 互動式的配置 PPPoE 連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The configuration files are the following."
msgstr "配置檔案在下面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of configuration files for the PPPoE connection with pppoeconf"
msgstr "使用 pppoeconf  的 PPPoE 連線配置檔案列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"The <literal>pppoeconf</literal> generated configuration file for "
"<literal>pppd</literal> specific to <literal>pppoe</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>pppoeconf</literal> 生成針對<literal>pppoe</literal> 的 "
"<literal>pppd</literal> 配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
"$ sudo pon dsl-provider\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff dsl-provider\n"
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
"$ sudo pon dsl-provider\n"
"...\n"
"$ sudo poff dsl-provider\n"
"$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/pppoeconf/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr "參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/pppoeconf/README.Debian</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The basic network configuration with ifupdown (legacy)"
msgstr "使用 ifupdown 進行基本網路配置（舊）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The traditional <ulink url=\"&tcpipnetwork;\">TCP/IP network</ulink> setup "
"on the Debian system uses <literal>ifupdown</literal> package as a high "
"level tool.  There are 2 typical cases."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統上的傳統 <ulink url=\"&tcpipnetwork;\">TCP/IP 網路</ulink> 搭建，"
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包是作為一個上層工具來使用。有兩個典型場景。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"For <emphasis role=\"strong\">dynamic IP</emphasis> system such as mobile "
"PCs, you should setup TCP/IP network <emphasis role=\"strong\">with</"
"emphasis> the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package and enable you to switch "
"your network configuration easily (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"像移動電腦上的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">動態 IP</emphasis> 系統，你可以"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">使用</emphasis> <literal>resolvconf</literal>  包搭"
"建 TCP/IP 網路，它能夠使你快速切換你的網路配置。  (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"For <emphasis role=\"strong\">static IP</emphasis> system such as servers, "
"you should setup TCP/IP network <emphasis role=\"strong\">without</emphasis> "
"the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package and keep your system simple (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"像伺服器上的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">靜態 IP</emphasis> 系統，你<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">不需要</emphasis> <literal>resolvconf</literal> 包來搭建你的 "
"TCP/IP 網路，並保持你的系統簡單(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These traditional setup methods are quite useful if you wish to set up "
"advanced configuration; find details in the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你想設定高階配置，這些傳統的設定方法，是相當有用的。在下面的內容中發現細"
"節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package provides the standardized framework "
"for the high level network configuration in the Debian system. In this "
"section, we learn the basic network configuration with <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> with simplified introduction and many typical examples."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 包提供 Debian 系統中標準的高層網路配置框架。在本"
"節中，我們通過 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 的簡單介紹和許多典型列子來學習基本"
"的網路配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The command syntax simplified"
msgstr "簡單的命令語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package contains 2 commands: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifdown</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  They offer high "
"level network configuration dictated by the configuration file \"/etc/"
"network/interfaces\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 包包含有兩個命令: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifdown</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  它們提供專注於\"/etc/"
"network/interfaces\" 配置檔案的上層網路配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic network configuration commands with ifupdown"
msgstr "使用  ifupdown 進行基本網路配置的命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ifup eth0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration "
"<literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" stanza exists"
msgstr ""
"如果 \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" 節存在，使用  <literal>eth0</literal> "
"的配置來啟動網路介面 <literal>eth0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ifdown eth0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the "
"configuration <literal>eth0</literal> if \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" "
"stanza exists"
msgstr ""
"如果 \"<literal>iface eth0</literal>\" 節存在，使用 <literal>eth0</literal> "
"的配置來關閉網路介面 <literal>eth0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use low level configuration tools such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands to configure "
"an interface in <emphasis role=\"strong\">up</emphasis> state."
msgstr ""
"請不要使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>  這類的底層網路配置工具命令來配置一個 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">up</emphasis> 狀態的介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid "There is no command <literal>ifupdown</literal>."
msgstr "並沒有一個叫 <literal>ifupdown</literal> 的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The basic syntax of \"/etc/network/interfaces\""
msgstr "\"/etc/network/interfaces\" 基本語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The key syntax of \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" as "
"explained in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be summarized as "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 裡解釋的 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" 關鍵語法，能夠用下面的表格概括。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of stanzas in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡面的節列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "stanza"
msgstr "節"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; upon start of the system"
msgstr "當系統啟動時，啟動介面 &lt; interface_name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>allow-auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>allow-auto &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>allow-hotplug &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>allow-hotplug &lt;interface_name&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"start interface &lt;interface_name&gt; when the kernel detects a hotplug "
"event from the interface"
msgstr "當核心從介面檢測到一個熱拔插事件時，啟動介面 &lt;interface_name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Lines started with \"<literal>iface &lt;config_name&gt; …</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>iface &lt;config_name&gt; …</literal>\" 開頭的行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "define the network configuration &lt;config_name&gt;"
msgstr "定義 &lt;config_name&gt; 的網路配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Lines started with \"<literal>mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\" 開頭的行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"define mapping value of &lt;config_name&gt; for the matching &lt;"
"interface_name&gt;"
msgstr "定義 &lt;config_name&gt; 的對映值來匹配 &lt;interface_name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "A line starting with a hash \"<literal>#</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>#</literal>\" 號開始的行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"ignore as comments (end-of-line comments are <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</"
"emphasis> supported)"
msgstr ""
"像註釋一樣忽略（行尾註釋<emphasis role=\"strong\">不</emphasis>被支援）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "A line ending with a backslash \"<literal>\\</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>\\</literal>\" 反斜槓結尾的行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extend the configuration to the next line"
msgstr "擴充套件配置到下一行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></"
"emphasis> stanza has the following syntax."
msgstr ""
"以 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 開頭行的節，"
"有下面的語法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface &lt;config_name&gt; &lt;address_family&gt; &lt;method_name&gt;\n"
" &lt;option1&gt; &lt;value1&gt;\n"
" &lt;option2&gt; &lt;value2&gt;\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
"iface &lt;config_name&gt; &lt;address_family&gt; &lt;method_name&gt;\n"
" &lt;option1&gt; &lt;value1&gt;\n"
" &lt;option2&gt; &lt;value2&gt;\n"
" ..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the basic configuration, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</"
"literal></emphasis> stanza is not used and you use the network interface "
"name as the network configuration name (See <xref linkend="
"\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"對於基本配置， <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></"
"emphasis> 節沒有被使用，你可以使用網路介面名作為網路配置名。 (參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not define duplicates of the \"<literal>iface</literal>\" stanza for a "
"network interface in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\"裡，不要為一個網路介面重複定"
"義\"<literal>iface</literal>\" 節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The loopback network interface"
msgstr "迴環網路介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following configuration entry in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" file brings up the loopback network interface <literal>lo</"
"literal> upon booting the system (via <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza)."
msgstr ""
"在啟動系統的時候， \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 檔案裡下面"
"的配置條目啟動了迴環網路介面 <literal>lo</literal> 。 (通過 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> 節)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This one always exists in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"file."
msgstr ""
"這節內容在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 檔案裡面一直存在。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The network interface served by the DHCP"
msgstr "使用 DHCP 的網路介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"After preparing the system by <xref linkend="
"\"_the_dhcp_connection_with_the_ethernet\"/>, the network interface served "
"by the DHCP is configured by creating the configuration entry in the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as the following."
msgstr ""
"按 <xref linkend=\"_the_dhcp_connection_with_the_ethernet\"/> 準備系統後，在"
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡面，按下面的內容建立配置條目"
"後，網路介面的 DHCP 便配置好了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"
msgstr ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface <literal>eth0</"
"literal>, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></"
"emphasis> stanza causes <literal>ifup</literal> to bring up the interface "
"and the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza "
"causes <literal>ifup</literal> to use DHCP to configure the interface."
msgstr ""
"當 Linux 核心檢測到物理介面 <literal>eth0</literal>,  <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> 節促使 <literal>ifup</"
"literal> 啟動介面，<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></"
"emphasis> 促使 <literal>ifup</literal> 使用 DHCP 來配置介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The network interface with the static IP"
msgstr "使用靜態 IP 地址的網路介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The network interface served by the static IP is configured by creating the "
"configuration entry in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"file as the following."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 檔案裡面建立配置條目，來配"
"置靜態 IP 網路介面。如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain example.com\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain example.com\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the Linux kernel detects the physical interface <literal>eth0</"
"literal>, the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></"
"emphasis> stanza causes <literal>ifup</literal> to bring up the interface "
"and the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza "
"causes <literal>ifup</literal> to use the static IP to configure the "
"interface."
msgstr ""
"當 Linux 核心檢測到 <literal>eth0</literal>,  <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> 節促使 <literal>ifup</"
"literal> 啟動介面，<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></"
"emphasis> 節促使 <literal>ifup</literal> 使用靜態 IP 來配置介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here, I assumed the following."
msgstr "這裡，我假設下面的配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"IP address range of the LAN network: <literal>192.168.11.0</literal> - "
"<literal>192.168.11.255</literal>"
msgstr ""
"區域網的 IP 地址範圍: <literal>192.168.11.0</literal> - "
"<literal>192.168.11.255</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "IP address of the gateway: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr "閘道器的 IP 地址: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "IP address of the PC: <literal>192.168.11.100</literal>"
msgstr "電腦的 IP 地址: <literal>192.168.11.100</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The <literal>resolvconf</literal> package: installed"
msgstr "<literal>resolvconf</literal> 包:已安裝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The domain name: \"<literal>example.com</literal>\""
msgstr "域名: \"<literal>example.com</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "IP address of the DNS server: <literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"
msgstr "DNS 伺服器的 IP 地址：<literal>192.168.11.1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the <literal>resolvconf</literal> package is not installed, DNS related "
"configuration needs to be done manually by editing the \"<literal>/etc/"
"resolv.conf</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""
"當 <literal>resolvconf</literal> 包沒有安裝時，DNS 相關的配置，需要按下面的方"
"式手工編輯 \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"nameserver 192.168.11.1\n"
"domain example.com"
msgstr ""
"nameserver 192.168.11.1\n"
"domain example.com"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The IP addresses used in the above example are not meant to be copied "
"literally.  You have to adjust IP numbers to your actual network "
"configuration."
msgstr ""
"用在上面例子裡的 IP 地址，不意味著照抄。你應當按你實際網路配置調整 IP 地址。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The basics of wireless LAN interface"
msgstr "無線區域網介面基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&wirelesslanwlanforshort;\">wireless LAN (WLAN for short)</"
"ulink> provides the fast wireless connectivity through the spread-spectrum "
"communication of unlicensed radio bands based on the set of standards called "
"<ulink url=\"&ieeeiacbb;\">IEEE 802.11</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&wirelesslanwlanforshort;\">無線 LAN (簡稱 WLAN)</ulink> 提供快"
"速的無線連線，使用基於 <ulink url=\"&ieeeiacbb;\">IEEE 802.11</ulink> 標準集"
"的非授權無線寬頻擴頻通訊技術。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The WLAN interfaces are almost like normal Ethernet interfaces but require "
"some network ID and encryption key data to be provided when they are "
"initialized.  Their high level network tools are exactly the same as that of "
"Ethernet interfaces except interface names are a bit different like "
"<literal>eth1</literal>, <literal>wlan0</literal>, <literal>ath0</literal>, "
"<literal>wifi0</literal>, … depending on the kernel drivers used."
msgstr ""
"無線介面跟乙太網介面非常像，但在初始化時，要求提供一些網路 ID 和金鑰資料。他"
"們的上層網路工具差不多和乙太網介面一樣，除開介面名有一點點不同，按使用的不同"
"核心驅動，像 <literal> eth1</literal> , <literal> wlan0</literal> , "
"<literal> ath0</literal> , <literal> wifi0</literal> ……"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>wmaster0</literal> device is the master device which is an "
"internal device used only by <ulink url=\"&softmac;\">SoftMAC</ulink> with "
"new <ulink url=\"&maciacbbapioflinux;\">mac80211 API of Linux</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>wmaster0</literal> 裝置是主裝置，它僅僅只是新的 <ulink url="
"\"&maciacbbapioflinux;\">mac80211 Linux API</ulink> 裡，<ulink url="
"\"&softmac;\">SoftMAC</ulink> 使用的一個內部裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here are some keywords to remember for the WLAN."
msgstr "這裡有一些需要記住的 WLAN 關鍵詞。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of acronyms for WLAN"
msgstr "WLAN 縮寫詞列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "full word"
msgstr "全稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "NWID"
msgstr "NWID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Network ID"
msgstr "Network ID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"16 bit network ID used by pre-802.11 <ulink url=\"&wavelan;\">WaveLAN</"
"ulink> network (very deprecated)"
msgstr ""
"802.11 之前 <ulink url=\"&wavelan;\">WaveLAN</ulink> 網路使用的 16 位網路號 "
"(強烈不贊成使用)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "(E)SSID"
msgstr "(E)SSID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"(Extended) <ulink url=\"&servicesetidentifier;\">Service Set Identifier</"
"ulink>"
msgstr ""
"(Extended) <ulink url=\"&servicesetidentifier;\">Service Set Identifier</"
"ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"network name of the <ulink url=\"&wirelessaccesspointsaps;\">Wireless Access "
"Points (APs)</ulink> interconnected to form an integrated <ulink url="
"\"&iacbbwirelesslan;\">802.11 wireless LAN</ulink>, Domain ID"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&wirelessaccesspointsaps;\">無線接入點 (APs)</ulink> 的網路名"
"稱，互連形成一個完整的 <ulink url=\"&iacbbwirelesslan;\">802.11 無線區域網</"
"ulink>, 域名 ID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "WEP, (WEP2)"
msgstr "WEP, (WEP2)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&wiredequivalentprivacy;\">Wired Equivalent Privacy</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&wiredequivalentprivacy;\">Wired Equivalent Privacy</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"1st generation 64-bit (128-bit) wireless encryption standard with 40-bit key "
"(deprecated)"
msgstr "使用 40 位金鑰的第一代 64位（128位）無線加密標準（不贊成使用）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "WPA"
msgstr "WPA"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccess;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"2nd generation wireless encryption standard (most of 802.11i), compatible "
"with WEP"
msgstr "第二代無線加密標準（實現大部分 802.11i），和 WEP 相容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "WPA2"
msgstr "WPA2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access 2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wifiprotectedaccessc;\">Wi-Fi Protected Access 2</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"3rd generation wireless encryption standard (full 802.11i), non-compatible "
"with WEP"
msgstr "第三代無線加密標準（完全的 802.11i），與 WEP 不相容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The actual choice of protocol is usually limited by the wireless router you "
"deploy."
msgstr "實際選擇使用的協議是由你配置的無線路由器所限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WPA/WPA2"
msgstr "使用 WPA/WPA2 的無線區域網介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to install the <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> package to support "
"the WLAN with the new WPA/WPA2."
msgstr ""
"你需要安裝 <literal>wpasupplicant</literal> 包來支援  WLAN 使用新的 WPA/WPA2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In case of the <ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink> served IP on WLAN "
"connection, the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry "
"should be as the following."
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink> 的無線區域網連線，\"<literal>/etc/"
"network/interfaces</literal>\" 檔案的條目需要按下面的內容設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug ath0\n"
"iface ath0 inet dhcp\n"
" wpa-ssid homezone\n"
" # hexadecimal psk is encoded from a plaintext passphrase\n"
" wpa-psk 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f"
msgstr ""
"allow-hotplug ath0\n"
"iface ath0 inet dhcp\n"
" wpa-ssid homezone\n"
" # hexadecimal psk is encoded from a plaintext passphrase\n"
" wpa-psk 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.modes.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.modes.gz</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The wireless LAN interface with WEP"
msgstr "使用 WEP 的無線區域網介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to install the <literal>wireless-tools</literal> package to support "
"the WLAN with the old WEP.  (Your consumer grade router may still be using "
"this insecure infrastructure but this is better than nothing.)"
msgstr ""
"你需要安裝 <literal>wireless-tools</literal> 包來支撐老的 WEP 無線區域網。"
"（你的消費等級的路由器可能仍然使用不安全的架構，但這總比沒有好。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that your network traffic on WLAN with WEP may be sniffed by "
"others."
msgstr "請注意：WEP 無線區域網上的網路流量，可以被其他人監聽。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" wireless-essid Home\n"
" wireless-key1 0123-4567-89ab-cdef\n"
" wireless-key2 12345678\n"
" wireless-key3 s:password\n"
" wireless-defaultkey 2\n"
" wireless-keymode open"
msgstr ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" wireless-essid Home\n"
" wireless-key1 0123-4567-89ab-cdef\n"
" wireless-key2 12345678\n"
" wireless-key3 s:password\n"
" wireless-defaultkey 2\n"
" wireless-keymode open"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wireless-tools/README.Debian</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/wireless-tools/README.Debian</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The PPP connection"
msgstr "PPP 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to configure the PPP connection first as described before (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_ppp_connection_with_pppconfig\"/>).  Then, add the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry for the primary "
"PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""
"你需要按之前的描述配置 PPP 連線(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_ppp_connection_with_pppconfig\"/>).  然後，按下面的方式給第一個 PPP 裝"
"置  <literal>ppp0</literal> 增加 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>"
"\" 檔案裡的條目."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface ppp0 inet ppp\n"
" provider &lt;isp_name&gt;"
msgstr ""
"iface ppp0 inet ppp\n"
" provider &lt;isp_name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The alternative PPP connection"
msgstr "另一種 PPP 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to configure the alternative PPP connection with <literal>wvdial</"
"literal> first as described before (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_alternative_ppp_connection_with_wvdialconf\"/>).  Then, add the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry for the primary "
"PPP device <literal>ppp0</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""
"你需要按之前的描述先配置好使用 <literal>wvdial</literal>  的另外一種 PPP 連線"
"(參見<xref linkend=\"_the_alternative_ppp_connection_with_wvdialconf\"/>).  "
"然後，按下面的方式給第一個 PPP 裝置  <literal>ppp0</literal> 增加 “<literal>/"
"etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 檔案裡的條目."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "iface ppp0 inet wvdial"
msgstr "iface ppp0 inet wvdial"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The PPPoE connection"
msgstr "PPPoE 連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For PC connected directly to the WAN served by the PPPoE, you need to "
"configure system with the PPPoE connection as described before (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>).  Then, add the "
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file entry for the primary "
"PPPoE device <literal>eth0</literal> as the following."
msgstr ""
"使用 PPPoE 直接連線到廣域網的電腦，你需要按之前的描述用 PPPoE 連線配置系統(參"
"見 <xref linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>).  然後，按下面的"
"方式給第一個 PPPoE 裝置  <literal>eth0</literal> 增加 “<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>\" 檔案裡的條目."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider"
msgstr ""
"allow-hotplug eth0\n"
"iface eth0 inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The network configuration state of ifupdown"
msgstr "ifupdown 網路配置狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file stores the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">intended</emphasis> network configuration states "
"for all the currently active network interfaces managed by the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> package. Unfortunately, even if the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> system fails to bring up the interface as "
"intended, the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file lists it "
"active."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" 檔案儲存了由 "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包管理的當前所有的活動網路介面的<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">期望</emphasis>狀態。但不幸的是，即使<literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> 系統沒有按期望的啟動某個網路介面，\"<literal>/etc/network/run/"
"ifstate</literal>\" 檔案仍然會把它列為啟用狀態。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Unless the output of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command for an "
"interface does not have a line like following example, it can not be used as "
"a part of <ulink url=\"&ipvenetwork;\">IPV4 network</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"如果對一個網路介面的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令輸出沒有如下列子中"
"的一行，那它就不能夠作為 <ulink url=\"&ipvenetwork;\">IPV4 網路</ulink>的一部"
"分使用."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "  inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0"
msgstr "  inet addr:192.168.11.2  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For the Ethernet device connected to the PPPoE, the output of the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command lacks a line which looks like above "
"example."
msgstr ""
"對於連線到 PPPoE 的乙太網裝置， <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令的輸出看起來像上面"
"的列子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The basic network reconfiguration"
msgstr "網路重新配置基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you try to reconfigure the interface, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>, you "
"must disable it first with the \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo "
"ifdown eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command.  This removes the entry of "
"<literal>eth0</literal> from the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</"
"literal>\" file. (This may result in some error message if <literal>eth0</"
"literal> is not active or it is configured improperly previously.  So far, "
"it seems to be safe to do this for the simple single user work station at "
"any time.)"
msgstr ""
"當你試圖重新配置介面，如 <literal>eth0</literal> 時,你必須首先用 \"<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0</literal></emphasis>\" 命令關閉"
"它.  這將從\"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" 檔案裡面移除 "
"<literal>eth0</literal> 條目。 (如果 <literal>eth0</literal> 之前沒有被適當配"
"置，或沒有啟用，這個命令將導致出現一些錯誤資訊。迄今為止，對於簡單的單使用者"
"工作站，在任何時間執行這個操作，看起來都是安全的。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You are now free to rewrite the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>"
"\" contents as needed to reconfigure the network interface, <literal>eth0</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"你現在可以按需要重新配置網路介面 <literal>eth0</literal> ，重寫 \"<literal>/"
"etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 檔案的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Then, you can reactivate <literal>eth0</literal> with the \"<emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\" command."
msgstr ""
"然後，你可以使用  \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifup eth0</"
"literal></emphasis>\" 命令，重新啟用 <literal>eth0</literal> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can (re)initialize the network interface simply by \"<emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0;sudo ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\"."
msgstr ""
"你可以簡單的執行 \"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>sudo ifdown eth0;sudo "
"ifup eth0</literal></emphasis>\" 來初始化或重新初始化網路介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The ifupdown-extra package"
msgstr "ifupdown-extra 包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package provides easy network "
"connection tests for use with the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> 包提供簡易的網路連線測試，和 "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 包一道使用."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>network-test</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command can be used from the shell."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>network-test</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令能夠在 shell 裡使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The automatic scripts are run for each <literal>ifup</literal> command "
"execution."
msgstr "自動指令碼將執行每一個 <literal>ifup</literal> 執行的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>network-test</literal> command frees you from the execution of "
"cumbersome low level commands to analyze the network problem."
msgstr ""
"<literal>network-test</literal> 命令把你從麻煩的執行分析網路問題的底層命令中"
"解放出來。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The automatic scripts are installed in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>"
"\" and perform the following."
msgstr ""
"自動指令碼安裝在 \"<literal> /etc/network/*/</literal> \"並執行下面的操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Check the network cable connection"
msgstr "檢查網路線纜連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Check duplicate use of IP address"
msgstr "檢查重複 IP 地址使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Setup system's static routes based on the \"<literal>/etc/network/routes</"
"literal>\" definition"
msgstr "按 \"<literal>/etc/network/routes</literal>\" 的定義，建立系統靜態路由"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Check if network gateway is reachable"
msgstr "檢查網路的閘道器是否可以到達"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Record results in the \"<literal>/var/log/syslog</literal>\" file"
msgstr "在 \"<literal>/var/log/syslog</literal>\" 檔案裡面記錄結果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This syslog record is quite useful for administration of the network problem "
"on the remote system."
msgstr "系統日誌記錄對管理遠端系統的網路問題非常有用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The automatic behavior of the <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package is "
"configurable with the \"<literal>/etc/default/network-test</literal>\". Some "
"of these automatic checks slow down the system boot-up a little bit since it "
"takes some time to listen for <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> replies."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> 包的自動化行為是由 \"<literal>/etc/default/"
"network-test</literal>\" 來配置. 部分自動化檢查，會減慢一點系統啟動速度，因為"
"這些指令碼需要一些時間來監聽 <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> 答覆."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The advanced network configuration with ifupdown (legacy)"
msgstr "使用 ifupdown 的高階網路配置（舊）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package can be improved "
"beyond what was described in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> with the "
"advanced knowledge."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包，使用其高階用法，其功能就能夠超出在 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> 所描述的"
"內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The functionalities described here are completely optional.  I, being lazy "
"and minimalist, rarely bother to use these."
msgstr ""
"描述在這裡的這些功能是完全可選的。我，由於懶惰和極簡主義，幾乎不使用這些令人"
"煩擾的東西。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"If you could not set up network connection by information in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/>, you make "
"situation worse by using information below."
msgstr ""
"如果你不能夠通過 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy\"/> 裡的資訊建立網路"
"連線,使用下面的資訊，你就會使你的情形變得比較糟糕。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The ifplugd package"
msgstr "ifplugd 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifplugd</literal> package is an older automatic network "
"configuration tool which can manage only Ethernet connections. This solves "
"unplugged/replugged Ethernet cable issues for mobile PC etc.  If you have "
"<ulink url=\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&wicd;"
"\">Wicd</ulink> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop\"/>) installed, you do not "
"need this package."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifplugd</literal> 軟體包是一個老的自動網路配置工具，它僅能夠管理乙太"
"網連線。解決了移動 PC 等拔插乙太網線纜的問題。如果你有安裝 <ulink url="
"\"&networkmanager;\">NetworkManager</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&wicd;\">Wicd</"
"ulink> (參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop\"/"
">)，就不需要這個軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This package runs a <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink> and replaces "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">auto</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">allow-"
"hotplug</emphasis> functionalities (see <xref linkend=\"list-of-stanzas-in-"
"eni\"/>) and starts interfaces upon their connection to the network."
msgstr ""
"這個軟體包執行一個<ulink url=\"&daemon;\">後臺守護程序（daemon）</ulink> 來代"
"替 <emphasis role=\"strong\">auto</emphasis> 或 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">allow-hotplug</emphasis> 的功能 (參見 <xref linkend=\"list-of-stanzas-in-"
"eni\"/>)，並啟動網路連線上的介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is how to use the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package for the internal "
"Ethernet port, e.g. <literal>eth0</literal>."
msgstr ""
"乙太網埠怎樣使用 <literal>ifplugd</literal> 軟體包，比如 <literal>eth0</"
"literal>，請看下面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remove stanza in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\": "
"\"<literal>auto eth0</literal>\" or \"<literal>allow-hotplug eth0</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr ""
"刪除 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡面的節: "
"\"<literal>auto eth0</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>allow-hotplug eth0</literal>"
"\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Keep stanza in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\": "
"\"<literal>iface eth0 inet …</literal>\" and \"<literal>mapping …</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr ""
"保留 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡的節: \"<literal>iface "
"eth0 inet …</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>mapping …</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Install the <literal>ifplugd</literal> package."
msgstr "安裝 <literal>ifplugd</literal> 軟體包."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run \"<literal>sudo dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd</literal>\"."
msgstr "執行 \"<literal>sudo dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Put <literal>eth0</literal> as the \"static interfaces to be watched by "
"ifplugd\"."
msgstr "把 <literal>eth0</literal> 作為 \"由 ifplugd 監控的靜態網絡卡\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Now, the network reconfiguration works as you desire."
msgstr "現在，網路按你希望的方式重新配置了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Upon power-on or upon hardware discovery, the interface is not brought up by "
"itself."
msgstr "在開啟電源或發現硬體的時候啟動，介面不會自己啟動自己。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Quick boot process without the long DHCP timeout."
msgstr "快速啟動過程，沒有長的 DHCP 等待時間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"No funny activated interface without proper IPv4 address (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_configuration_state_of_ifupdown\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"沒有適當 IPv4 地址的介面不會被滑稽的啟用 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_configuration_state_of_ifupdown\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Upon finding the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought up."
msgstr "發現乙太網線纜時，啟動介面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Upon some time after unplugging the Ethernet cable, the interface is brought "
"down automatically."
msgstr "在拔掉乙太網線纜後啟動一段時間，然後介面自動關閉。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Upon plugging in another Ethernet cable, the interface is brought up under "
"the new network environment."
msgstr "在插入另外的乙太網線纜時，介面在新的網路環境下啟動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The arguments for the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifplugd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command can set its "
"behaviors such as the delay for reconfiguring interfaces."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifplugd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令的引數能夠設定其行為，比如說重新配置介面的延"
"時。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The ifmetric package"
msgstr "ifmetric 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifmetric</literal> package enables us to manipulate metrics of "
"routes a posteriori even for DHCP."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifmetric</literal> 軟體包使我們能夠根據經驗來維護路由度量值，即使是 "
"DHCP 的路由度量值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following sets the <literal>eth0</literal> interface to be preferred "
"over the <literal>wlan0</literal> interface."
msgstr ""
"下面設定 <literal>eth0</literal> 介面的值，讓其在有 <literal>wlan0</literal> "
"介面的情況下，更加適當。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Install the <literal>ifmetric</literal> package."
msgstr "安裝 <literal>ifmetric</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 0</literal>\" just below the "
"\"<literal>iface eth0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡，增加一行 "
"\"<literal>metric 0</literal>\"，緊挨著放在\"<literal>iface eth0 inet dhcp</"
"literal>\"這行下面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Add an option line with \"<literal>metric 1</literal>\" just below the "
"\"<literal>iface wlan0 inet dhcp</literal>\" line in \"<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡，增加一行  "
"\"<literal>metric 1</literal>\" ，緊挨著放在 \"<literal>iface wlan0 inet "
"dhcp</literal>\" 這行下面."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The metric 0 means the highest priority route and is the default one.  The "
"larger metric value means lower priority routes. The IP address of the "
"active interface with the lowest metric value becomes the originating one. "
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifmetric</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"metric 0 意味著最高路由優先順序，是預設值。大的 metric 值意味著較低的路由優先"
"順序。具有最低 metric 值的活動的介面 IP 地址，成為原始路由。參見"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifmetric</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The virtual interface"
msgstr "虛擬介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A single physical Ethernet interface can be configured as multiple virtual "
"interfaces with different IP addresses.  Usually the purpose is to connect "
"an interface to several IP subnetworks.  For example, IP address based "
"virtual web hosting by a single network interface is one such application."
msgstr ""
"單個物理乙太網介面能夠配置為使用不同的 IP 地址的多個虛擬介面。這樣做的目的，"
"通常是把介面連線到幾個 IP 子網。比如說，只有一個網絡卡的基於 IP 地址的虛擬 "
"web 主機，就是這樣一個應用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For example, let's suppose the following."
msgstr "舉個例子，讓我們假設下面的情況。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"A single Ethernet interface on your host is connected to a Ethernet hub (not "
"to the broadband router)."
msgstr "你主機上的單個乙太網介面連線到乙太網集線器（不是寬頻路由器）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The Ethernet hub is connected to both the Internet and LAN network."
msgstr "乙太網集線器同時連線到網際網路和本地區域網。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The LAN network uses subnet <literal>192.168.0.x/24</literal>."
msgstr "區域網使用子網 <literal>192.168.0.x/24</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Your host uses DHCP served IP address with the physical interface "
"<literal>eth0</literal> for the Internet."
msgstr ""
"你主機的物理介面 <literal>eth0</literal> 使用 DHCP 提供的 IP 地址來連線網際網"
"路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Your host uses <literal>192.168.0.1</literal> with the virtual interface "
"<literal>eth0:0</literal> for the LAN."
msgstr ""
"你的主機使用 <literal>192.168.0.1</literal> 作為區域網的虛擬介面 "
"<literal>eth0:0</literal> 的地址。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following stanzas in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"configure your network."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡下面的節配置你的網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" metric 0\n"
"iface eth0:0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.0.1\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" network 192.168.0.0\n"
" metric 1"
msgstr ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" metric 0\n"
"iface eth0:0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.0.1\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" network 192.168.0.0\n"
" metric 1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Although this configuration example with <ulink url="
"\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> "
"using <ulink url=\"&netfilteriptables;\">netfilter/iptables</ulink> (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>) can provide cheap router for "
"the LAN with only single interface, there is no real firewall capability "
"with such set up.  You should use 2 physical interfaces with NAT to secure "
"the local network from the Internet."
msgstr ""
"雖然這個配置列子，並使用 <ulink url=\"&netfilteriptables;\">netfilter/"
"iptables</ulink> (參見 <xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>) 的"
"<ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">網路地址轉換(NAT)</ulink>，能夠"
"給只有單個網路介面的區域網提供廉價的路由器，但這樣設定，沒有真正的防火牆能"
"力。你應當使用 2 塊物理網絡卡的 NAT 來使本地網路更安全，隔離不安全的網際網"
"路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The advanced command syntax"
msgstr "高階命令語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> package offers advanced network "
"configuration using the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</"
"emphasis> name and the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</"
"emphasis> name.  I use a terminology being slightly different from the one "
"used in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包提供高階網路配置，使用<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名和<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</"
"emphasis>名。我使用的術語和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifup</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 以及 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>interfaces</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>有少量不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of terminology for network devices"
msgstr "網路裝置術語列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "manpage terminology"
msgstr "man 手冊頁術語"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "my terminology"
msgstr "本文術語"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "examples in the following text"
msgstr "下面文字的列子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">physical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">物理介面</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>lo</literal>, <literal>eth0</literal>, <literal>&lt;"
"interface_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>lo</literal>, <literal>eth0</literal>, <literal>&lt;"
"interface_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"name given by the Linux kernel (using <literal>udev</literal> mechanism)"
msgstr "Linux 核心給出的名字 (使用 <literal>udev</literal> 機制)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">logical interface</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">邏輯介面</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>config1</literal>, <literal>config2</literal>, <literal>&lt;"
"config_name&gt;</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>config1</literal>, <literal>config2</literal>, <literal>&lt;"
"config_name&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"name token following <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></"
"emphasis> in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡緊跟著 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 的名字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Basic network configuration commands in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_command_syntax_simplified\"/> require the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">network configuration</emphasis> name token of the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza to match the <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the \"<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在 <xref linkend=\"_the_command_syntax_simplified\"/> 裡的基本網路配置命令，"
"需要<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名來標識匹配 \"<literal>/"
"etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 節的<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面"
"</emphasis>名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Advanced network configuration commands enables separation of the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network configuration</emphasis> name and the <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> name in the \"<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr ""
"高階網路配置命令能夠按下面的方式區分 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" 裡的<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名和<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">網路介面</emphasis>名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of advanced network configuration commands with ifupdown"
msgstr "ifupdown 高階網路配置命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ifup eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ifup eth0=config1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration "
"<literal>config1</literal>"
msgstr ""
"使用配置 <literal>config1</literal> 啟動網路介面 <literal>eth0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ifdown eth0=config1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ifdown eth0=config1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the "
"configuration <literal>config1</literal>"
msgstr ""
"使用配置 <literal>config1</literal> 關閉網路介面 <literal>eth0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"bring up a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the configuration "
"selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> "
"stanza"
msgstr ""
"使用 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> 節選擇"
"的 <literal>eth0</literal> 配置啟動網路介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"bring down a network interface <literal>eth0</literal> with the "
"configuration selected by <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</"
"literal></emphasis> stanza"
msgstr ""
"使用 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> 節選擇"
"的 <literal>eth0</literal> 配置關閉網路介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The mapping stanza"
msgstr "對映節 mapping stanza"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"We skipped explaining the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</"
"literal></emphasis> stanza in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" in <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/"
"> to avoid complication.  This stanza has the following syntax."
msgstr ""
"為了避免複雜，我們在 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/>  裡省略瞭解釋 \"<literal>/"
"etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡的 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> 節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;\n"
" script &lt;script_name&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input1&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input2&gt;\n"
" map ..."
msgstr ""
"mapping &lt;interface_name_glob&gt;\n"
" script &lt;script_name&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input1&gt;\n"
" map &lt;script_input2&gt;\n"
" map ..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This provides advanced features to the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" file by automating the choice of the configuration with the "
"mapping script specified by <literal>&lt;script_name&gt;</literal>."
msgstr ""
"這給 <literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal> 檔案提供了一個高階特徵，可以"
"自動選擇對映指令碼 <literal>&lt;script_name&gt;</literal> 定義的配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Let's follow the execution of the following."
msgstr "讓我們來跟隨下面的執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo ifup eth0"
msgstr "$ sudo ifup eth0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the \"<literal>&lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\" matches "
"\"<literal>eth0</literal>\", this execution produces the execution of the "
"following command to configure <literal>eth0</literal> automatically."
msgstr ""
"當 \"<literal>&lt;interface_name_glob&gt;</literal>\" 匹配 \"<literal>eth0</"
"literal>\", 這個執行過程執行下面的命令來自動配置 <literal>eth0</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo ifup eth0=$(echo -e '&lt;script_input1&gt; \\n &lt;script_input2&gt; \\n ...' | &lt;script_name&gt; eth0)"
msgstr "$ sudo ifup eth0=$(echo -e '&lt;script_input1&gt; \\n &lt;script_input2&gt; \\n ...' | &lt;script_name&gt; eth0)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, script input lines with \"<literal>map</literal>\" are optional and "
"can be repeated."
msgstr "這裡，\"<literal> map</literal> \" 指令碼輸入行是可選和可以重複的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The glob for <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> "
"stanza works like shell filename glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>mapping</literal></emphasis> 節工作的匹配"
"模式，類似於 shell 檔名匹配。 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The manually switchable network configuration"
msgstr "手動的可切換網路配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is how to switch manually among several network configurations without "
"rewriting the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as in "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_basic_network_reconfiguration\"/> ."
msgstr ""
"以下是如何在幾個網路配置中進行手動切換，而無需像 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_network_reconfiguration\"/> 中那樣重寫 “<literal>/etc/network/"
"interfaces</literal>” 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For all the network configuration you need to access, you create a separate "
"stanza in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"對於你需要訪問的所有網路配置，你需要在 “<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>” 檔案中像下面那樣建立一個單獨的節。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"iface config1 inet dhcp\n"
"\n"
"iface config2 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain example.com\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1\n"
"\n"
"iface pppoe inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider\n"
"\n"
"iface pots inet ppp\n"
" provider provider"
msgstr ""
"auto lo\n"
"iface lo inet loopback\n"
"\n"
"iface config1 inet dhcp\n"
"\n"
"iface config2 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" dns-domain example.com\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1\n"
"\n"
"iface pppoe inet manual\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up\n"
" up ifup ppp0=dsl\n"
" down ifdown ppp0=dsl\n"
" post-down /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down\n"
"\n"
"# The following is used internally only\n"
"iface dsl inet ppp\n"
" provider dsl-provider\n"
"\n"
"iface pots inet ppp\n"
" provider provider"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration name</"
"emphasis> which is the token after <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</"
"literal></emphasis> does not use the token for the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">network interface name</emphasis>.  Also, there are no <emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> stanza nor <emphasis role="
"\"strong\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> stanza to start the "
"network interface <literal>eth0</literal> automatically upon events."
msgstr ""
"請注意，<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 後面標"
"識的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">網路配置名稱</emphasis> 不用於標識 <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">網路介面名稱</emphasis>。另外，也沒有 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>auto</literal></emphasis> 或 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>allow-hotplug</literal></emphasis> 節來根據事件自動啟動網路介面 "
"<literal>eth0</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Now you are ready to switch the network configuration."
msgstr "現在，你可以切換網路配置了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the DHCP.  You bring up the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> (the physical interface) "
"<literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network "
"configuration</emphasis> name (the logical interface name) <literal>config1</"
"literal> to it by the following."
msgstr ""
"讓我們通過 DHCP 將你的 PC 移動到區域網。你可以通過下列命令開啟由<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名稱（邏輯介面名稱）<literal>config1</"
"literal> 指定的<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</emphasis>（物理介面） "
"<literal>eth0</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config1\n"
"Password:\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config1\n"
"Password:\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured by DHCP and "
"connected to LAN."
msgstr "<literal>eth0</literal> 介面已開啟，由 DHCP 配置並連線到了區域網。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config1\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config1\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN."
msgstr "<literal>eth0</literal> 介面已關閉並斷開區域網連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a LAN served by the static IP.  You bring up the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</emphasis> <literal>eth0</"
"literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network configuration</"
"emphasis> name <literal>config2</literal> to it by the following."
msgstr ""
"讓我們通過靜態 IP 使你的 PC 移動到區域網。你可以通過下列命令開啟由<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名稱 <literal>config2</literal> 指定的"
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=config2\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with static IP and "
"connected to LAN. The additional parameters given as <literal>dns-*</"
"literal> configures \"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" contents.  This "
"\"<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\" is better manged if the "
"<literal>resolvconf</literal> package is installed."
msgstr ""
"開啟 <literal>eth0</literal> 介面，使用靜態 IP 配置並連線到區域網。像 "
"<literal>dns-*</literal> 這樣的額外引數會配置 “<literal>/etc/resolv.conf</"
"literal>” 的內容。如果安裝了 <literal>resolvconf</literal>，“<literal>/etc/"
"resolv.conf</literal>” 會更容易管理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=config2\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected from LAN, "
"again."
msgstr "<literal>eth0</literal> 介面再次關閉並斷開區域網連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a port on BB-modem connected to the PPPoE served "
"service.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</"
"emphasis> <literal>eth0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>pppoe</literal> to it by "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"讓我們將你的 PC 移動到 PPPoE 伺服器的 BB-modem 上的一個埠。你可以通過下列命令"
"開啟由<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名稱 <literal>pppoe</"
"literal> 指定的<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</emphasis> <literal>eth0</"
"literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifup eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is up, configured with PPPoE "
"connection directly to the ISP."
msgstr "<literal>eth0</literal> 介面已開啟，由 PPPoE 配置直接連線到 ISP。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifdown eth0=pppoe\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The interface <literal>eth0</literal> is down and disconnected, again."
msgstr "<literal>eth0</literal> 介面再次關閉並斷開連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's move your PC to a location without LAN or BB-modem but with POTS and "
"modem.  You bring up the <emphasis role=\"strong\">network interface</"
"emphasis> <literal>ppp0</literal> by assigning the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">network configuration</emphasis> name <literal>pots</literal> to it by "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"讓我們將你的 PC 移動到使用 POTS 和 modem 的位置，而非區域網或 BB-modem。你可"
"以通過下列命令開啟由<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路配置</emphasis>名稱 "
"<literal>ppp0</literal> 指定的<emphasis role=\"strong\">網路介面</emphasis> "
"<literal>eth0</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifup ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifup ppp0=pots\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is up and connected to the Internet "
"with PPP."
msgstr "開啟 <literal>ppp0</literal>介面，並使用 PPP 連線到網際網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo ifdown ppp0=pots\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ sudo ifdown ppp0=pots\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The interface <literal>ppp0</literal> is down and disconnected from the "
"Internet."
msgstr "關閉 <literal>ppp0</literal> 介面並斷開網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You should check the \"<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>\" file "
"for the current network configuration state of the <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> system."
msgstr ""
"你應該檢查 “<literal>/etc/network/run/ifstate</literal>” 檔案，檢視"
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 系統當前網路配置的狀態。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"You may need to adjust numbers at the end of <literal>eth*</literal>, "
"<literal>ppp*</literal>, etc. if you have multiple network interfaces."
msgstr ""
"如果你有多個網路介面，你可能需要調整 <literal>eth*</literal>、<literal>ppp*</"
"literal> 等的末尾數字。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Scripting with the ifupdown system"
msgstr "ifupdown 系統的指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown</literal> system automatically runs scripts installed "
"in \"<literal>/etc/network/*/</literal>\" while exporting environment "
"variables to scripts."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 系統會自動執行安裝在 “<literal>/etc/network/*/</"
"literal>” 中的指令碼，而且會傳遞環境變數給指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of environment variables passed by the ifupdown system"
msgstr "ifupdown 系統傳遞的環境變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "environment variable"
msgstr "環境變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "value passed"
msgstr "傳遞值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$IFACE</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$IFACE</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "physical name (interface name) of the interface being processed"
msgstr "處理中的介面的物理名稱（介面名稱）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$LOGICAL</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$LOGICAL</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "logical name (configuration name) of the interface being processed"
msgstr "處理中的介面的邏輯名稱（配置名稱）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$ADDRFAM</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$ADDRFAM</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;address_family&gt; of the interface"
msgstr "介面的 &lt;address_family&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$METHOD</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$METHOD</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;method_name&gt; of the interface (e.g., \"static\")"
msgstr "介面的 &lt;method_name&gt; （例如 “static”）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$MODE</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$MODE</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"start\" if run from <literal>ifup</literal>, \"stop\" if run from "
"<literal>ifdown</literal>"
msgstr ""
"如果是 <literal>ifup</literal> 執行的，則值為 “start”；如果是 "
"<literal>ifdown</literal> 執行的，則值為 “stop”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$PHASE</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$PHASE</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"as per \"<literal>$MODE</literal>\", but with finer granularity, "
"distinguishing the <literal>pre-up</literal>, <literal>post-up</literal>, "
"<literal>pre-down</literal> and <literal>post-down</literal> phases"
msgstr ""
"根據 “<literal>$MODE</literal>”，但有更細緻的區分，共分為 <literal>pre-up</"
"literal>、<literal>post-up</literal>、<literal>pre-down</literal> 和 "
"<literal>post-down</literal> 階段"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$VERBOSITY</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$VERBOSITY</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"indicates whether \"<literal>--verbose</literal>\" was used; set to 1 if so, "
"0 if not"
msgstr "指示是否使用了 “<literal>--verbose</literal>”；是為 1，否為 0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$PATH</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"command search path: \"<literal>/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/"
"usr/bin:/sbin:/bin</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"命令搜尋路徑：“<literal>/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/"
"sbin:/bin</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"value for the corresponding option under the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza"
msgstr ""
"位於 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 這節的相應"
"選項值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, each environment variable, \"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\", "
"is created from the name for the corresponding option such as &lt;"
"option1&gt; and &lt;option2&gt; by prepending \"<literal>$IF_</literal>\", "
"converting the case to the upper case, replacing hyphens to underscores, and "
"discarding non-alphanumeric characters."
msgstr ""
"這裡，每一個環境變數，\"<literal>$IF_&lt;OPTION&gt;</literal>\",是在相應的選"
"項名字 &lt;option1&gt; 和 &lt;option2&gt; 前增加 \"<literal>$IF_</literal>\" "
"來建立, 把字母轉換為大寫字母，將中劃線替換為下劃線，忽略非字母數字的字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/> for &lt;"
"address_family&gt;, &lt;method_name&gt;, &lt;option1&gt; and &lt;option2&gt;."
msgstr ""
"&lt;address_family&gt;, &lt;method_name&gt;, &lt;option1&gt; 和 &lt;"
"option2&gt; 的說明，請參見<xref linkend="
"\"_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> package (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_ifupdown_extra_package\"/>) uses these environment variables to "
"extend the functionality of the <literal>ifupdown</literal> package.  The "
"<literal>ifmetric</literal> package (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_ifmetric_package\"/>) installs the \"<literal>/etc/network/if-up.d/"
"ifmetric</literal>\" script which sets the metric via the \"<literal>"
"$IF_METRIC</literal>\" variable.  The <literal>guessnet</literal> package "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_mapping_with_guessnet\"/>), which provides simple and "
"powerful framework for the auto-selection of the network configuration via "
"the mapping mechanism, also uses these."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> 軟體包 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_ifupdown_extra_package\"/>)使用這些環境變數來擴充套件"
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包的功能. <literal>ifmetric</literal> 軟體包 "
"(參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_ifmetric_package\"/>)安裝 \"<literal>/etc/network/"
"if-up.d/ifmetric</literal>\"指令碼，這個指令碼通過\"<literal>$IF_METRIC</"
"literal>\"變數來設定 metric 路由度量值. <literal>guessnet</literal> 軟體包 "
"(參見 <xref linkend=\"_mapping_with_guessnet\"/>),提供簡單和功能強大的框架，"
"用於通過 mapping 對映機制自動選擇網路配置，這個軟體包也使用了這些環境變數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For more specific examples of custom network configuration scripts using "
"these environment variables, you should check example scripts in \"<literal>/"
"usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/*</literal>\" and scripts used in "
"<literal>ifscheme</literal> and <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> "
"packages.  These additional scripts have some overlaps of functionalities "
"with basic <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal> and <literal>guessnet</literal> "
"packages.  If you install these additional scripts, you should customize "
"these scripts to avoid interferences."
msgstr ""
"使用這些環境變數進行個性化網路配置的列子，你可以檢視\"<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/ifupdown/examples/*</literal>\"裡的列子指令碼，以及 <literal>ifscheme</"
"literal> 和 <literal>ifupdown-scripts-zg2</literal> 軟體包使用的指令碼.這些額"
"外的指令碼有部分功能和 <literal>ifupdown-extra</literal>與<literal>guessnet</"
"literal> 軟體包的基本功能重疊. 如果你安裝了這些額外指令碼，你應當個性化這些指"
"令碼來避免互相影響。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Mapping with guessnet"
msgstr "guessnet Mapping 對映"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Instead of manually choosing configuration as described in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_manually_switchable_network_configuration\"/>, you can use the "
"mapping mechanism described in <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/> to "
"select network configuration automatically with custom scripts."
msgstr ""
"為了替代在 <xref linkend=\"_the_manually_switchable_network_configuration\"/"
"> 描述的手工選擇配置，你可以使用在 <xref linkend=\"_the_mapping_stanza\"/> 描"
"述的對映機制，自動選擇個性化指令碼來進行配置網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>guessnet-ifupdown</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command provided by "
"the <literal>guessnet</literal> package is designed to be used as a mapping "
"script and provides powerful framework to enhance the <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal> system."
msgstr ""
"<literal>guessnet</literal> 軟體包提供的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>guessnet-ifupdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令，是被設計作為對映指令碼，並提供強力框架來增強"
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 系統."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You list test condition as the value for <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options for each network "
"configuration under <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></"
"emphasis> stanza."
msgstr ""
"在 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 節下的每一個"
"網路配置，列出測試條件作為<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</"
"literal></emphasis> 選項的值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Mapping choses the <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></"
"emphasis> with first non-ERROR result as the network configuration."
msgstr ""
"對映機制選擇第一個沒有錯誤結果的 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</"
"literal></emphasis> 作為網路配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This dual usage of the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" file "
"by the mapping script, <literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal>, and the "
"original network configuration infrastructure, <literal>ifupdown</literal>, "
"does not cause negative impacts since <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> options only export extra "
"environment variables to scripts run by the <literal>ifupdown</literal> "
"system.  See details in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>guessnet-ifupdown</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>guessnet-ifupdown</literal> 使用的對映指令碼和 <literal>ifupdown</"
"literal>的原始網路配置架構，這兩種對  \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" 檔案的用法，不會造成負面的影響，因為 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> 選項僅僅只匯出額外的環境變數到 "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 系統執行的指令碼。細節參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>guessnet-ifupdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When multiple <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></"
"emphasis> option lines are required in \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\", use option lines started with <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>guessnet1</literal></emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\"><literal>guessnet2</literal></emphasis>, and so on, since the "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> package does not allow starting strings of "
"option lines to be repeated."
msgstr ""
"當多個 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet</literal></emphasis> 選項"
"行需要在 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" 裡出現時,選項行使用 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet1</literal></emphasis>, <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\"><literal>guessnet2</literal></emphasis>,這類的開頭,因為 "
"<literal>ifupdown</literal> 軟體包不允許選項行開頭字串重複。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The low level network configuration"
msgstr "底層網路配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Iproute2 commands"
msgstr "Iproute2 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">Iproute2</ulink> commands offer complete low-level "
"network configuration capabilities. Here is a translation table from "
"obsolete <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> commands to new <ulink "
"url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink> etc. commands."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&iproutec;\">Iproute2</ulink> 命令集提供完整的底層網路配置能力。"
"有個從舊的 <ulink url=\"&nettools;\">net-tools</ulink> 命令集到新的 <ulink "
"url=\"&iproutec;\">iproute2</ulink> 命令集的轉換表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"Translation table from obsolete <literal>net-tools</literal> commands to new "
"<literal>iproute2</literal> commands"
msgstr ""
"從舊的 <literal>net-tools</literal> 命令集到新的 <literal>iproute2</literal> "
"命令集轉換表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "obsolete net-tools"
msgstr "舊的 net-tools"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "new iproute2 etc."
msgstr "新的  iproute2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "manipulation"
msgstr "操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip addr</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip addr</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device"
msgstr "一個裝置上的協議（IP 或 IPv6）地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>route</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>route</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip route</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip route</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "routing table entry"
msgstr "路由表條目"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>arp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>arp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip neigh</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip neigh</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ARP or NDISC cache entry"
msgstr "ARP 或 NDISC 快取條目"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ipmaddr</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ipmaddr</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip maddr</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip maddr</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "multicast address"
msgstr "多播地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>iptunnel</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>iptunnel</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip tunnel</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip tunnel</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tunnel over IP"
msgstr "IP 隧道"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nameif</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nameif</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifrename</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifrename</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "name network interfaces based on MAC addresses"
msgstr "基於 MAC 地址的網路介面名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mii-tool</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mii-tool</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ethtool</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ethtool</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Ethernet device settings"
msgstr "乙太網裝置設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <ulink url=\"&iproutecutilitysuitehowto;\">IPROUTE2 "
"Utility Suite Howto</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <ulink url=\"&iproutecutilitysuitehowto;"
"\">IPROUTE2 工具套件 Howto</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Safe low level network operations"
msgstr "安全的底層網路操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may use low level network commands as follows safely since they do not "
"change network configuration."
msgstr "你可以按下面的方式安全的使用底層網路命令，這些命令不會改變網路配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of low level network commands"
msgstr "底層網路命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ifconfig</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ifconfig</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display the link and address status of active interfaces"
msgstr "顯示活動的網路介面連線和地址狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip addr show</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip addr show</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>route -n</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>route -n</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display all the routing table in numerical addresses"
msgstr "用數字地址顯示全部路由表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ip route show</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ip route show</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>arp</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>arp</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"display the current content of the <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> cache "
"tables"
msgstr "顯示當前 <ulink url=\"&arp;\">ARP</ulink> 快取表的內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>plog</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>plog</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display ppp daemon log"
msgstr "顯示 ppp 後臺守護程序（daemon）日誌"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ping yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ping yahoo.com</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "check the Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\""
msgstr "檢查到 \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" 的因特網連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>whois yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>whois yahoo.com</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"check who registered \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" in the domains database"
msgstr "在域名資料庫裡面檢查誰註冊了 \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>traceroute yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>traceroute yahoo.com</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trace the Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\""
msgstr "跟蹤到 \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" 的因特網連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tracepath yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tracepath yahoo.com</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mtr yahoo.com</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mtr yahoo.com</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"trace the Internet connection to \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>"
"\" (repeatedly)"
msgstr "跟蹤到 \"<literal>yahoo.com</literal>\" 的因特網連線（重複的）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dig [@dns-server.com] example.com [{a|mx|any}]</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dig [@dns-server.com] example.com [{a|mx|any}]</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"check <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> records of \"<literal>example.com</"
"literal>\" by \"<literal>dns-server.com</literal>\" for a \"<literal>a</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>mx</literal>\", or \"<literal>any</literal>\" record"
msgstr ""
"查詢由 \"<literal>dns-server.com</literal>\" 提供服務的 \"<literal>example."
"com</literal>\" 域名的 <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> 記錄： \"<literal>a</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>mx</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>any</literal>\" 記錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>iptables -L -n</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>iptables -L -n</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "check packet filter"
msgstr "檢視包過濾"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>netstat -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>netstat -a</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "find all open ports"
msgstr "找出所有開啟的埠"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>netstat -l --inet</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>netstat -l --inet</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "find listening ports"
msgstr "找出監聽埠"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>netstat -ln --tcp</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>netstat -ln --tcp</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "find listening TCP ports (numeric)"
msgstr "找出 TCP 監聽埠（數字的）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>dlint example.com</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>dlint example.com</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "check DNS zone information of \"<literal>example.com</literal>\""
msgstr "查詢 \"<literal>example.com</literal>\" 的 DNS zone 資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Some of these low level network configuration tools reside in \"<literal>/"
"sbin/</literal>\".  You may need to issue full command path such as "
"\"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\" or add \"<literal>/sbin</literal>\" to "
"the \"<literal>$PATH</literal>\" list in your \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr ""
"部分底層網路配置工具放在 \"<literal>/sbin/</literal>\" 目錄。你可以像 "
"\"<literal>/sbin/ifconfig</literal>\" 這樣使用完整命令路徑，或把 \"<literal>/"
"sbin</literal>\" 加到 \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" 檔案列出的 \"<literal>"
"$PATH</literal>\" 環境變數裡 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Network optimization"
msgstr "網路優化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Generic network optimization is beyond the scope of this documentation.  I "
"touch only subjects pertinent to the consumer grade connection."
msgstr "通用的網路優化超出了本文的範圍。我提及消費等級連線相關的主題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network optimization tools"
msgstr "網路優化工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display bandwidth usage information on an network interface"
msgstr "顯示一個網路介面上的頻寬使用資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Internet Protocol bandwidth measuring tool"
msgstr "網際網路協議頻寬測量工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "InterFace STATistics Monitoring"
msgstr "介面統計監控"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "portable bandwidth monitor and rate estimator"
msgstr "行動式頻寬監視器和網速估計工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "script that quickly measures network device throughput"
msgstr "快速測量網路裝置吞吐的指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "empirical stochastic bandwidth tester"
msgstr "實驗性的隨機頻寬測試器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "small and simple console-based bandwidth monitor"
msgstr "小巧簡單的控制檯頻寬監測器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "console-based Ethernet statistics monitor"
msgstr "基於控制檯的乙太網統計監視器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "bandwidth analysis tool"
msgstr "頻寬分析工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Finding optimal MTU"
msgstr "找出最佳 MTU"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&maximumtransmissionunitmtu;\">Maximum Transmission Unit "
"(MTU)</ulink> value can be determined experimentally with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with \"<literal>-M do</literal>\" option which sends ICMP "
"packets with data size starting from 1500 (with offset of 28 bytes for the IP"
"+ICMP header) and finding the largest size without IP fragmentation."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&maximumtransmissionunitmtu;\">最大傳輸單元 Maximum "
"Transmission Unit (MTU)</ulink> 的值能夠通過加  \"<literal>-M do</literal>\" "
"選項的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 實驗來確定，它傳送從 1500 位元組（對於IP+ICMP 包"
"頭，有 28 位元組的偏移）大小開始的 ICMP 包，來找出 IP 不分片的最大包大小。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ping -c 1 -s $((1500-28)) -M do www.debian.org\n"
"PING www.debian.org (194.109.137.218) 1472(1500) bytes of data.\n"
"From 192.168.11.2 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1454)\n"
"\n"
"--- www.debian.org ping statistics ---\n"
"0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors"
msgstr ""
"$ ping -c 1 -s $((1500-28)) -M do www.debian.org\n"
"PING www.debian.org (194.109.137.218) 1472(1500) bytes of data.\n"
"From 192.168.11.2 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1454)\n"
"\n"
"--- www.debian.org ping statistics ---\n"
"0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Try 1454 instead of 1500"
msgstr "嘗試 1454 代替 1500"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> succeed with 1454."
msgstr ""
"你看到用 1454 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ping</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 成功了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This process is <ulink url=\"&pathmtupmtudiscovery;\">Path MTU (PMTU) "
"discovery</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcbbjb;\">RFC1191</ulink>) and the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tracepath</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command can automate this."
msgstr ""
"這個過程是 <ulink url=\"&pathmtupmtudiscovery;\">路徑 MTU (PMTU) 發現</"
"ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcbbjb;\">RFC1191</ulink>) ， "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tracepath</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令能夠自動完成這個。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The above example with PMTU value of 1454 is for my previous FTTP provider "
"which used <ulink url=\"&asynchronoustransfermode;\">Asynchronous Transfer "
"Mode</ulink> (ATM) as its backbone network and served its clients with the "
"<ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink>.  The actual PMTU value depends on your "
"environment, e.g., 1500 for the my new FTTP provider."
msgstr ""
"上面的列子，PMTU 的值是 1454，這是我先前的光纖到戶提供商，使用了 <ulink url="
"\"&asynchronoustransfermode;\">非同步傳輸模式 Asynchronous Transfer Mode</"
"ulink> (ATM) 作為他們的骨幹網路，並使用 <ulink url=\"&pppoe;\">PPPoE</ulink> "
"作為客戶端。實際 PMTU 值依賴於你的環境，比如說，我新的光纖到戶提供商是 1500。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Basic guide lines of the optimal MTU value"
msgstr "最佳 MTU 值的基本指引方法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "network environment"
msgstr "網路環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "MTU"
msgstr "MTU"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "rationale"
msgstr "基本原理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Dial-up link (IP: PPP)"
msgstr "撥號連線(IP: PPP)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "576"
msgstr "576"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standard"
msgstr "標準的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Ethernet link (IP: DHCP or fixed)"
msgstr "乙太網連線 (IP: DHCP 或固定)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1500"
msgstr "1500"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standard and default"
msgstr "預設標準值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Ethernet link (IP: PPPoE)"
msgstr "乙太網連線 (IP: PPPoE)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1492 (=1500-8)"
msgstr "1492 (=1500-8)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "2 bytes for PPP header and 6 bytes for PPPoE header"
msgstr "PPP 頭部 2 位元組 和 PPPOE 頭部 6 位元組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Ethernet link (ISP's backbone: ATM, IP: DHCP or fixed)"
msgstr "乙太網連線 (ISP 骨幹網: ATM, IP: DHCP 或固定 IP)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1462 (=48*31-18-8)"
msgstr "1462 (=48*31-18-8)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"author's speculation: 18 bytes for Ethernet header, 8 bytes for SAR trailer"
msgstr ""
"作者推斷：18 位元組的乙太網頭，8位元組 SAR 尾（譯註：SAR 為 ATM 技術名詞）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Ethernet link (ISP's backbone: ATM, IP: PPPoE)"
msgstr "乙太網連線 (ISP 骨幹: ATM, IP: PPPoE)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1454 (=48*31-8-18-8)"
msgstr "1454 (=48*31-8-18-8)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"see \"<ulink url=\"&optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections;\">Optimal MTU "
"configuration for PPPoE ADSL Connections</ulink>\" for rationale"
msgstr ""
"參見 \"<ulink url=\"&optimalmtuconfigeadslconnections;\">Optimal MTU "
"configuration for PPPoE ADSL Connections</ulink>\" 來了解基本原理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "In addtion to these basic guide lines, you should know the following."
msgstr "除了這些基本的指引方法外，你還應當知道下面的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Any use of tunneling methods (<ulink url=\"&vpn;\">VPN</ulink> etc.) may "
"reduce optimal MTU further by their overheads."
msgstr ""
"使用任何隧道方式(<ulink url=\"&vpn;\">VPN</ulink> 等.)的最佳 MTU 需要進一步減"
"去它們上面的頭部。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The MTU value should not exceed the experimentally determined PMTU value."
msgstr "MTU 值不應當超過通過實驗驗證的 PMTU 值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The bigger MTU value is generally better when other limitations are met."
msgstr "當遇到其它限制的時候，較大的 MTU 值通常比較好。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Setting MTU"
msgstr "設定 MTU"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are examples for setting the MTU value from its default 1500 to 1454."
msgstr "這裡示例設定 MTU 值，從預設的 1500 設定到 1454."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the DHCP (see <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp"
"\"/>), you can replace pertinent <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</"
"literal></emphasis> stanza lines in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</"
"literal>\" with the following."
msgstr ""
"對於 DHCP (參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp\"/"
">), 你能夠使用下面的方式替換 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" "
"檔案裡 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 節相關的"
"行."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig $IFACE mtu 1454"
msgstr ""
"iface eth0 inet dhcp\n"
" pre-up /sbin/ifconfig $IFACE mtu 1454"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the static IP (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip\"/>), you can replace pertinent "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> stanza lines "
"in the \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>\" with the following."
msgstr ""
"對於靜態 IP (參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip"
"\"/>), 你能夠使用下面的方式替換 \"<literal>/etc/network/interfaces</literal>"
"\" 檔案裡 <emphasis role=\"strong\"><literal>iface</literal></emphasis> 節相"
"關的行."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" mtu 1454\n"
" dns-domain example.com\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"
msgstr ""
"iface eth0 inet static\n"
" address 192.168.11.100\n"
" netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
" gateway 192.168.11.1\n"
" mtu 1454\n"
" dns-domain example.com\n"
" dns-nameservers 192.168.11.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the direct PPPoE (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/>), you can replace pertinent "
"\"<literal>mtu</literal>\" line in the \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-"
"provider</literal>\" with the following."
msgstr ""
"對於直接 PPPoE (參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf\"/"
">),你能夠使用下面的方式替換 \"<literal>/etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider</literal>"
"\" 裡 \"<literal>mtu</literal>\" 相關的行."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "mtu 1454"
msgstr "mtu 1454"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&maximumsegmentsize;\">maximum segment size</ulink> (MSS) "
"is used as an alternative measure of packet size.  The relationship between "
"MSS and MTU are the following."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&maximumsegmentsize;\">最大分片大小</ulink> (MSS) 是另外一種衡量"
"包大小的方法。MSS 和 MTU 的關係如下."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "MSS = MTU - 40 for IPv4"
msgstr "對於 IPv4， MSS = MTU - 40"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "MSS = MTU - 60 for IPv6"
msgstr "對於 IPv6，MSS = MTU - 60"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/"
">) based optimization can clamp packet size by the MSS and is useful for the "
"router.  See \"TCPMSS\" in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"基於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (參見 <xref linkend=\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/"
">) 的優化，能夠通過 MSS 來壓縮包大小，路由器會用到 MMS 。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>中的\"TCPMSS\" ."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "WAN TCP optimization"
msgstr "WAN TCP 優化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The TCP throughput can be maximized by adjusting TCP buffer size parameters "
"as described in \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuningguide;\">TCP Tuning Guide</ulink>\" "
"and \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuning;\">TCP tuning</ulink>\" for the modern high-"
"bandwidth and high-latency WAN.  So far, the current Debian default settings "
"serve well even for my LAN connected by the fast 1G bps FTTP service."
msgstr ""
"TCP 吞吐量能夠通過調整 TCP 緩衝大小的引數來最大化，對現代大頻寬和高延時的 "
"WAN，在 \"<ulink url=\"&tcptuningguide;\">TCP Tuning Guide</ulink>\" 和 "
"\"<ulink url=\"&tcptuning;\">TCP tuning</ulink>\"裡有描述.  到目前為止，當前 "
"Debian 預設設定能夠很好的服務好我的 1G bps 光纖到戶 LAN 連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Netfilter infrastructure"
msgstr "Netfilter 網路過濾框架"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink> provides infrastructure for "
"<ulink url=\"&statefulfirewall;\">stateful firewall</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">network address translation (NAT)</ulink> "
"with <ulink url=\"&linuxkernel;\">Linux kernel</ulink> modules (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">Netfilter</ulink> 使用 <ulink url=\"&linuxkernel;"
"\">Linux 核心</ulink> 模組 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_kernel_module_initialization\"/>) 提供 <ulink url=\"&statefulfirewall;"
"\">狀態防火牆</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&networkaddresstranslationnat;\">網路地"
"址轉換 (NAT)</ulink> 框架。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of firewall tools"
msgstr "防火牆工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"administration tools for <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for IPv4, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip6tables</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for IPv6)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 管理工具"
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 用於 IPv4, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip6tables</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 用於 IPv6)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"administration tools for <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>arptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for ARP)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 管理工具"
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>arptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 用於 ARP)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"administration tools for <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ebtables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for Ethernet bridging)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 管理工具 "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ebtables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 用於乙太網橋)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"continuously monitor <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> state "
"(similar to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"持續性監控 <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 狀態 (和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 相似)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink> initialization"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline 防火牆</ulink> 初始化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline 防火牆</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 配置檔案生成器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator (light "
"version)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline 防火牆</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 配置檔案生成器 (精簡版)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator (IPv6 version)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline 防火牆</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 配置檔案生成器(IPv6 版本)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline Firewall</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> configuration file generator (IPv6, light "
"version)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&shorelinefirewall;\">Shoreline 防火牆</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 配置檔案生成器 (IPv6,精簡版)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Main user space program of <ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> is "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.  You can manually configure <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> interactively from shell, save its state "
"with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables-save</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and restore it via init script with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables-restore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> upon system reboot."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink> 主要的使用者層程式是 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.你能從 shell 手工交付式的配置 <ulink url="
"\"&netfilter;\">netfilter</ulink>，使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables-save</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 儲存當前狀態,當系統重啟時，通過 init 指令碼呼叫 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables-restore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來恢復。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Configuration helper scripts such as <ulink url=\"&shorewall;\">shorewall</"
"ulink> ease this process."
msgstr ""
"像 <ulink url=\"&shorewall;\">shorewall</ulink> 這樣的配置幫助指令碼能夠使這"
"個過程變得更簡單。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See documentations at <ulink url=\"&httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation;"
"\">http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/</ulink> (or in \"<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/iptables/html/</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"參見 <ulink url=\"&httpwwwnetfilterorgdocumentation;\">http://www.netfilter."
"org/documentation/</ulink> 上的文件(或在 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/iptables/"
"html/</literal>\" 裡面的文件)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxnetworkingconceptshowto;\">Linux Networking-concepts "
"HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxnetworkingconceptshowto;\">Linux Networking-concepts "
"HOWTO</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxcepacketfilteringhowto;\">Linux 2.4 Packet Filtering "
"HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxcepacketfilteringhowto;\">Linux 2.4 Packet Filtering "
"HOWTO</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&linuxcenathowto;\">Linux 2.4 NAT HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&linuxcenathowto;\">Linux 2.4 NAT HOWTO</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Although these were written for Linux <emphasis role=\"strong\">2.4</"
"emphasis>, both <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command and netfilter "
"kernel function apply for Linux <emphasis role=\"strong\">2.6</emphasis> and "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">3.x</emphasis> kernel series."
msgstr ""
"雖然這些是為 Linux <emphasis role=\"strong\">2.4</emphasis> 寫的,"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令和 netfilter 核心功能都能夠在 Linux<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">2.6</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\">3.x</emphasis>  "
"核心系列實現."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Network applications"
msgstr "網路應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"After establishing network connectivity (see <xref linkend=\"_network_setup"
"\"/>), you can run various network applications."
msgstr ""
"建立網路連線後（參加 <xref linkend=\"_network_setup\"/>），你可以執行各種網路"
"應用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For modern Debian specific guide to the network infrastructure, read <ulink "
"url=\"&thedebianadminisrkinfrastructure;\">The Debian Administrator's "
"Handbook — Network Infrastructure</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"對於現代的 Debian 網路基礎設施的具體說明，閱讀 <ulink url="
"\"&thedebianadminisrkinfrastructure;\">Debian 管理員手冊 —— 網路基礎設施</"
"ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you enabled \"2-Step Verification\" with some ISP, you need to obtain an "
"application password to access POP and SMTP services from your program.  You "
"may need to approve your host IP in advance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Web browsers"
msgstr "網頁瀏覽器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are many <ulink url=\"&webbrowser;\">web browser</ulink> packages to "
"access remote contents with <ulink url=\"&hypertexttransferprotocol;"
"\">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</ulink> (HTTP)."
msgstr ""
"有許多<ulink url=\"&webbrowser;\">網頁瀏覽器</ulink>軟體包，使用<ulink url="
"\"&hypertexttransferprotocol;\">超文字傳輸協議</ulink>（HTTP）訪問遠端內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of web browsers"
msgstr "網頁瀏覽器列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of web browser"
msgstr "網路瀏覽器說明"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "X"
msgstr "X"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&chromium;\">Chromium</ulink>, (open-source browser from Google)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&chromium;\">Chromium</ulink>，（來自 Google 的開源瀏覽器）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<ulink url=\"&chromium;\">Chromium</ulink>, (open-source browser from "
#| "Google)"
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&firefox;\">Firefox</ulink>, (open-source browser from Mozilla, "
"only available in Debian Unstable)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&chromium;\">Chromium</ulink>，（來自 Google 的開源瀏覽器）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<ulink url=\"&gnufreefont;\">GNU freefont</ulink> (Microsoft compatible "
#| "size)"
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&firefoxesr;\">Firefox ESR</ulink>, (Firefox Extended Support "
"Release)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnufreefont;\">GNU 自由字型</ulink>（微軟相容的大小）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&hig;\">HIG</ulink> "
"compliant, <ulink url=\"&epiphany;\">Epiphany</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>，相容 <ulink url=\"&hig;\">HIG</ulink>，"
"<ulink url=\"&epiphany;\">Epiphany</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&konqueror;\">Konqueror</"
"ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>，<ulink url=\"&konqueror;\">Konqueror</"
"ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dillo;\">Dillo</ulink>, (light weight browser, <ulink url="
"\"&fltk;\">FLTK</ulink> based)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dillo;\">Dillo</ulink>，（基於 <ulink url=\"&fltk;\">FLTK</"
"ulink> 的輕量級瀏覽器）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text"
msgstr "文字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&wdm;\">w3m</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&wdm;\">w3m</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&lynx;\">Lynx</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lynx;\">Lynx</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&elinks;\">ELinks</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&elinks;\">ELinks</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&links;\">Links</ulink> (text only)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&links;\">Links</ulink>（純文字）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "graphics"
msgstr "影象"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&links;\">Links</ulink> (console graphics without X)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&links;\">Links</ulink>（沒有 X 的控制檯影象）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Browser configuration"
msgstr "瀏覽器配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may be able to use following special URL strings for some browsers to "
"confirm their settings."
msgstr "在某些瀏覽器中，你可以使用下列特殊的 URL 來確認它們的設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>about:</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>about:config</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>about:config</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>about:plugins</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>about:plugins</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian offers many free browser plugin packages in the main archive area "
"which can handle not only <ulink url=\"&javasoftwareplatform;\">Java "
"(software platform)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&flash;\">Flash</ulink> but "
"also <ulink url=\"&mpeg;\">MPEG</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpegc;\">MPEG2</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&mpege;\">MPEG4</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&divx;\">DivX</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&windowsmediavideowmv;\">Windows Media Video (.wmv)</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&quicktimemov;\">QuickTime (.mov)</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&mpdmpd;\">MP3 (.mp3)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&oggvorbis;\">Ogg/Vorbis</"
"ulink> files, DVDs, VCDs, etc.  Debian also offers helper programs to "
"install non-free browser plugin packages as contrib or non-free archive area."
msgstr ""
"Debian 提供了在 main 檔案庫中提供了許多自由的瀏覽器外掛軟體包，不僅可以處理 "
"<ulink url=\"&javasoftwareplatform;\">Java（軟體平臺）</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&flash;\">Flash</ulink>，也可以處理 <ulink url=\"&mpeg;\">MPEG</ulink>、"
"<ulink url=\"&mpegc;\">MPEG2</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&mpege;\">MPEG4</ulink>、"
"<ulink url=\"&divx;\">DivX</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&windowsmediavideowmv;"
"\">Windows Media Video (.wmv)</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&quicktimemov;"
"\">QuickTime (.mov)</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&mpdmpd;\">MP3 (.mp3)</ulink>、"
"<ulink url=\"&oggvorbis;\">Ogg/Vorbis</ulink> 檔案、DVD、VCD 等等。Debian 也"
"提供相關輔助程式，可以用來安裝來自 contrib 或 non-free 的 non-free 瀏覽器外掛"
"軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of browser plugin packages"
msgstr "瀏覽器外掛軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "main"
msgstr "main"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Java plugin based on OpenJDK and IcedTea"
msgstr "基於 OpenJDK 和 IcedTea 的 Java 外掛"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "contrib"
msgstr "contrib"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Flash plugin helper to install Adobe Flash Player (i386, amd64 only)"
msgstr "安裝 Adobe Flash Player 的 Flash 外掛輔助程式（僅適用 i386、amd64）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Although use of above Debian packages are much easier, browser plugins can "
"be still manually enabled by installing \"*.so\" into plugin directories (e."
"g., \"<literal>/usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins/</literal>\") and restarting "
"browsers."
msgstr ""
"儘管使用上述的 Debian 軟體包會更容易，但你依舊可以手動啟用外掛，你需要將 “*."
"so” 檔案安裝到外掛目錄中（例如 “<literal>/usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins/</"
"literal>”）並重啟瀏覽器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Some web sites refuse to be connected based on the user-agent string of your "
"browser.  You can work around this situation by <ulink url="
"\"&spoofingtheuseragentstring;\">spoofing the user-agent string</ulink>.  "
"For example, you can do this by adding following line into user "
"configuration files such as \"<literal>~/.gnome2/epiphany/mozilla/epiphany/"
"user.js</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/user.js</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"有些網站拒絕基於你所使用瀏覽器的使用者代理字串的連線。你可以通過 <ulink url="
"\"&spoofingtheuseragentstring;\">偽裝使用者代理字串</ulink> 來解決這個問題。"
"例如，你可以新增下面這行到使用者配置檔案中（例如 “<literal>~/.gnome2/"
"epiphany/mozilla/epiphany/user.js</literal>” 或 “<literal>~/.mozilla/firefox/"
"*.default/user.js</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "user_pref{\"general.useragent.override\",\"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)\"};"
msgstr "user_pref{\"general.useragent.override\",\"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)\"};"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you can add and reset this variable by typing "
"\"<literal>about:config</literal>\" into URL and right clicking its display "
"contents."
msgstr ""
"或者，你也可以通過輸入 “<literal>about:config</literal>” 到 URL，並右擊它所顯"
"示的內容，來新增並重置這個變數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Spoofed user-agent string may cause <ulink url=\"&badsideeffectswithjava;"
"\">bad side effects with Java</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"偽裝的使用者代理字串可以會導致 <ulink url=\"&badsideeffectswithjava;\">來自 "
"Java 的不良副作用</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The mail system"
msgstr "郵件系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"If you are to set up the mail server to exchange mail directly with the "
"Internet, you should be better than reading this elementary document."
msgstr ""
"如果你想設定郵件伺服器來直接通過網際網路交換郵件，你應該最好閱讀一下這個基本"
"文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The mail system involves many server programs and many client programs "
#| "running on multiple hosts.  From the functionarity, there are 3 types of "
#| "mail agent programs:"
msgid ""
"The mail system involves many server programs and many client programs "
"running on multiple hosts.  From the functionality, there are 3 types of "
"mail agent programs:"
msgstr ""
"郵件系統涉及到執行在多個主機上的許多伺服器程式和客戶端程式。從功能來說，有3種"
"類型的郵件代理程式："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The mail transport agent (<ulink url=\"&mta;\">MTA</ulink>, see <xref "
"linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) is a program for transferring mails "
"between different hosts."
msgstr ""
"郵件傳輸代理（<ulink url=\"&mta;\">MTA</ulink>，參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>），是不同主機之間傳送郵件的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The mail delivery agent (<ulink url=\"&mda;\">MDA</ulink>, see <xref linkend="
"\"_mail_delivery_agent_mda_with_filter\"/>) is a program for delivering "
"messages to the users' mailboxes within a host."
msgstr ""
"郵件投遞代理（<ulink url=\"&mda;\">MDA</ulink>，參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_mail_delivery_agent_mda_with_filter\"/>），是傳遞資訊到一臺主機內的使用者"
"郵箱的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The mail user agent (MUA, also known as <ulink url=\"&emailclient;\">email "
"client</ulink>, see <xref linkend=\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>) is the program "
"to generate messages and to access delivered messages."
msgstr ""
"郵件使用者代理（MUA，也被稱為<ulink url=\"&emailclient;\">電子郵件客戶端</"
"ulink>，參見 <xref linkend=\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>），是生成資訊和訪問傳遞"
"的資訊的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The following configuration examples are only valid for the typical mobile "
"workstation on consumer grade Internet connections."
msgstr "對於那些消費者級網路連線的典型移動工作站，以下的配置例子是有效的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Email basics"
msgstr "電子郵件基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An <ulink url=\"&email;\">email</ulink> message consists of three "
"components, the message envelope, the message header, and the message body."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&email;\">電子郵件</ulink> 由三個部分組成，訊息的信封，郵件標頭"
"及郵件正文。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"To\" and \"From\" information in the message envelope is used by the "
"<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> to deliver the email. (The \"From\" "
"information in the message envelope is also called <ulink url="
"\"&bounceaddress;\">bounce address</ulink>, From_, etc.)."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> 用電子郵件信封上的 \"To\" 和 \"From\" 資訊"
"來投遞郵件。(信封上的 \"From\" 資訊也被叫做<ulink url=\"&bounceaddress;\">退"
"回地址</ulink>, 例如 From_ 等等）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"To\" and \"From\" information in the message header is displayed by "
"the <ulink url=\"&emailclient;\">email client</ulink>. (While it is most "
"common for these to be the same as ones in the message envelope, such is not "
"always the case.)"
msgstr ""
"電子郵件頭的\"To\" 和 \"From\" 資訊，顯示在 <ulink url=\"&emailclient;\">電子"
"郵件客戶端</ulink>上. (在大部分情況下，這些資訊是跟電子郵件信封一致，但並不全"
"是這樣。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&emailclient;\">email client</ulink> (MUA) needs to "
"interpret the message header and body data using <ulink url="
"\"&multipurposeinteilextensionsmime;\">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions "
"(MIME)</ulink> to deal the content data type and encoding."
msgstr ""
"為了處理正文資料型別及其編碼，<ulink url=\"&emailclient;\">電子郵件客戶端</"
"ulink> (MUA) 需要用<ulink url=\"&multipurposeinteilextensionsmime;\">多用途網"
"際網路郵件擴充套件 (MIME)</ulink>來解釋郵件標頭和郵件正文。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Modern mail service basics"
msgstr "現代郵件服務基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to minimize exposure to the spam (unwanted and unsolicited email) "
"problems, many ISPs which provide consumer grade Internet connections are "
"implementing counter measures."
msgstr ""
"為了儘可能減少垃圾郵件 (不想要的和未經請求的電子郵件) 的問題，許多提供消費者"
"級網際網路連線的 ISP 服務商正在採取應對措施。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The smarthost service for their customers to send message uses the message "
"submission port (587) specified in <ulink url=\"&rfceeaj;\">rfc4409</ulink> "
"with the password (<ulink url=\"&smtpauth;\">SMTP AUTH</ulink> service) "
"specified in <ulink url=\"&rfcejfe;\">rfc4954</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"智慧主機服務於 ISP 的客戶，使用<ulink url=\"&rfceeaj;\">rfc4409</ulink>裡面規"
"定的（587）埠傳送郵件，並使用在<ulink url=\"&rfcejfe;\">rfc4954</ulink>裡面規"
"定的密碼(<ulink url=\"&smtpauth;\">SMTP 認證</ulink>服務)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port (25) connection from their "
"internal network hosts (except ISP's own outgoing mail server) to the "
"Internet are blocked."
msgstr ""
"內部的網路主機 (除了 ISP 自己的傳送郵件伺服器) 連線到網際網路的 <ulink url="
"\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> 25 埠已經被封鎖了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port (25) connection to the ISP's "
"incoming mail server from some suspicious external network hosts are "
"blocked.  (The connection from hosts on the dynamic IP address range used by "
"the dial-up and other consumer grade Internet connections are the first ones "
"to be blocked.)"
msgstr ""
"從一些可疑的外部網路主機到 ISP 接收郵件伺服器<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</"
"ulink> 25 埠的連線會被阻隔.(連線來自用於撥號和其它消費等級網際網路連線的動態 "
"IP 地址範圍,首先被阻隔.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<ulink url=\"&antispamtechniques;\">Anti-spam techniques</ulink> such as "
#| "<ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmaildkim;\">DomainKeys Identified Mail "
#| "(DKIM)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sender_policy_frameworkspf;"
#| "\">Sender_Policy_Framework (SPF)</ulink> are widely used for the <ulink "
#| "url=\"&emailfiltering;\">email filtering</ulink>."
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&antispamtechniques;\">Anti-spam techniques</ulink> such as "
"<ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmaildkim;\">DomainKeys Identified Mail "
"(DKIM)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&sender_policy_frameworkspf;"
"\">Sender_Policy_Framework (SPF)</ulink>, and <ulink url="
"\"&domainbasedmessaconformancedmarc;\">Domain-based Message Authentication, "
"Reporting and Conformance (DMARC)</ulink> are widely used for the <ulink url="
"\"&emailfiltering;\">email filtering</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"像<ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmaildkim;\">域名金鑰識別郵件 (DKIM)</"
"ulink> 和<ulink url=\"&sender_policy_frameworkspf;\">發信者策略架構 (SPF)</"
"ulink> 這樣的<ulink url=\"&antispamtechniques;\">反垃圾郵件技術</ulink>廣泛用"
"於<ulink url=\"&emailfiltering;\">電子郵件過濾</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmail;\">DomainKeys Identified Mail</"
"ulink> service may be provided for your mail sent through the smarthost."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmail;\">域名金鑰識別郵件</ulink>服務可能會"
"用於你的通過 smarthost 的電子郵件傳送。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The smarthost may rewrite the source mail address to your mail account on "
"the smarthost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When configuring your mail system or resolving mail delivery problems, you "
"must consider these new limitations."
msgstr "當配置電子郵件系統或解決郵遞問題時，你必須考慮這些新的限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "It is not realistic to run SMTP server on consumer grade network to send "
#| "mail directly to the remote host reliably.  They are very likely to be "
#| "rejected.  You must use some smarthost services offered by your "
#| "connection ISP or independent mail ISPs."
msgid ""
"It is not realistic to run SMTP server on consumer grade network to send "
"mail directly to the remote host reliably."
msgstr ""
"在消費者級的網路上執行 SMTP 伺服器來直接傳送郵件到遠端可信賴主機是不現實的，"
"它們很有可能被拒絕。你必須使用連入 ISP 或者獨立郵件 ISP 提供的 smarthost 服"
"務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"It is not realistic to expect a single smarthost to send mails of unrelated "
"source mail addresses to the remote host reliably."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"A mail may be rejected by any host en route to the destination quietly.  "
"Making your mail to appear as authentic as possible is the only way to send "
"a mail to the remote host reliably."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In light of these hostile Internet situation and limitations, some "
"independent Internet mail ISPs such as Yahoo.com and Gmail.com offer the "
"secure mail service which can be connected from anywhere on the Internet "
"using <ulink url=\"&transportlayerseesocketslayerssl;\">Transport Layer "
"Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"鑑於這些不利的網際網路情況和限制，像 Yahoo.com 和 Gmail.com 這樣的獨立網際網"
"路郵件 ISP 提供了安全的郵件服務，使用<ulink url="
"\"&transportlayerseesocketslayerssl;\">傳輸層安全協議 (TLS) 和它的前身，安全"
"套接層協議 (SSL)</ulink> 就可以在任何地方通過網路連線到這些郵件服務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The smarthost service on port 465 with the deprecated SMTP over SSL (<ulink "
"url=\"&smtps;\">SMTPS</ulink> protocol)."
msgstr ""
"智慧主機上的 465 埠服務,是過時的在 SSL 上的 SMTP (<ulink url=\"&smtps;"
"\">SMTPS</ulink> 協議)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The smarthost service on port 587 with the <ulink url=\"&starttls;"
"\">STARTTLS</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"智慧主機上的 587 埠服務使用 <ulink url=\"&starttls;\">STARTTLS</ulink> 協議。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The incoming mail is accessible at the TLS/POP3 port (995) with <ulink url="
"\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"TLS/POP3 埠 (995) 是用 <ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> 協議來接受郵件的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the simplicity, I assume that the smarthost is located at "
"\"<literal>smtp.hostname.dom</literal>\", requires <ulink url="
"\"&smtpauthentication;\">SMTP Authentication</ulink>, and uses the message "
"submission port (587) with the <ulink url=\"&starttls;\">STARTTLS</ulink> in "
"the following text."
msgstr ""
"為了簡便起見，在接下來的文字中，我假定 smarthost 是 \"<literal>smtp.hostname."
"dom</literal>\", 需要 <ulink url=\"&smtpauthentication;\">SMTP 認證</ulink>並"
"且使用帶有<ulink url=\"&starttls;\">STARTTLS</ulink> 協議的資訊傳送埠 "
"(587) 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The mail configuration strategy for workstation"
msgstr "工作站的郵件配置策略"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The most simple mail configuration is that the mail is sent to the ISP's "
"smarthost and received from ISP's POP3 server by the MUA (see <xref linkend="
"\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>) itself. This type of configuration is popular "
"with full featured GUI based MUA such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>icedove</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>evolution</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, etc. If you need to "
"filter mail by their types, you use MUA's filtering function. For this case, "
"the local MTA (see <xref linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) need to do "
"local delivery only (when sender and receiver are on the same host)."
msgstr ""
"最簡單的電子郵件配置是使用 MUA 傳送郵件到 ISP 的 smarthost，然後從 ISP 的 "
"POP3 伺服器接收郵件 (參見<xref linkend=\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>)。這種型別"
"的配置流行使用全功能的基於 GUI 的 MUA，例如"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>icedove</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>evolution</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 等等。如果需要通過郵件"
"的型別來過濾它們，你應該使用 MUA 的過濾功能。對於這種情況，本地 MTA (參見"
"<xref linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) 只需在本地投遞 (當傳送者和接收"
"者在同一主機上)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that the Debian system is the multiuser system.  Even if you are "
"the only user, there are many programs running as root and they may send you "
"a mail."
msgstr ""
"請注意 Debian 是多使用者系統。即使你是唯一的使用者，這裡仍然有許多以 root 使"
"用者執行的程式並且它們會給你傳送電子郵件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The alternative mail configuration is that the mail is sent via local MTA to "
"the ISP's smarthost and received from ISP's POP3 by the mail retriever (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_remote_mail_retrieval_and_forward_utility\"/>) to the "
"local mailbox.  If you need to filter mail by their types, you use MDA with "
"filter (see <xref linkend=\"_mail_delivery_agent_mda_with_filter\"/>) to "
"filter mail into separate mailboxes.  This type of configuration is popular "
"with simple console based MUA such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mutt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mew</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, etc., although this is possible with any MUAs (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>). For this case, the local MTA (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) need to do both smarthost delivery "
"and local delivery.  Since mobile workstation does not have valid FQDN, you "
"must configure the local MTA to hide and spoof the real local mail name in "
"outgoing mail to avoid mail delivery errors (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_mail_address_configuration\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"另外可選的郵件配置是通過本地 MTA 傳送郵件到 ISP 的 smarthost，通過郵件檢索 "
"(參見<xref linkend=\"_the_remote_mail_retrieval_and_forward_utility\"/>) 從 "
"ISP 的 POP3 伺服器接受郵件，並把郵件儲存到本地郵箱。如果需要通過郵件的型別來"
"過濾它們，你應該使用 MDA 的過濾功能 (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_mail_delivery_agent_mda_with_filter\"/>) 來過濾郵件到單獨的郵箱。這種型別"
"的配置流行使用基於終端的簡單 MUA，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mutt</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mew</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>等等，儘管使用任何 MUA 都是可以的 (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_mail_user_agent_mua\"/>)。對於這種情況，本地 MTA (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) 需要做 smarthost 投遞和本地投遞。因為移動工"
"作站沒有有效的 FQDN，你必須配置本地 MTA 來隱藏和偽裝外發郵件中的真實本地郵件"
"名稱，來避免郵件投遞錯誤 (參見<xref linkend=\"_the_mail_address_configuration"
"\"/>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may wish to configure MUA/MDA to use <ulink url=\"&maildir;\">Maildir</"
"ulink> for storing email messages somewhere under your home directory."
msgstr ""
"你可能想要配置 MUA/MDA 來使用 <ulink url=\"&maildir;\">Maildir</ulink>，以便"
"儲存郵件到你使用者目錄的某個位置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Mail transport agent (MTA)"
msgstr "郵件傳輸代理 (MTA)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For normal workstation, the popular choice for Mail transport agent (MTA) is "
"either <literal>exim4-*</literal> or <literal>postfix</literal> packages.  "
"It is really up to you."
msgstr ""
"對於一般的工作站而言，郵件傳輸代理 (MTA) 的主流選擇是 <literal>exim4-*</"
"literal> 或者 <literal>postfix</literal> 軟體包，這由你決定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic mail transport agent related packages for workstation"
msgstr "用於工作站的基礎的郵件傳輸代理相關的軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Exim4 mail transport agent (MTA: Debian default)"
msgstr "Exim4 郵件傳輸代理 (MTA : Debian 預設的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Exim4 documentation (text) and common files"
msgstr "Exim4 文件 (文字) 和通用檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Exim4 documentation (html)"
msgstr "Exim4 文件 (html)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Exim4 documentation (info)"
msgstr "Exim4 文件 (info)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix mail transport agent (MTA: alternative)"
msgstr "Postfix 郵件傳輸代理 (MTA : 替代品)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix documentation (html+text)"
msgstr "Postfix 文件 (html+text)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cyrus SASL API implementation (supplement postfix for SMTP AUTH)"
msgstr "Cyrus SASL API 實現 (實現 postfix SMTP 認證)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cyrus SASL - documentation"
msgstr "Cyrus SASL - 文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although the popcon vote count of <literal>exim4-*</literal> looks several "
"times popular than that of <literal>postfix</literal>, this does not mean "
"<literal>postfix</literal> is not popular with Debian developers.  The "
"Debian server system uses both <literal>exim4</literal> and "
"<literal>postfix</literal>.  The <ulink url=\"&mailheaderanalysis;\">mail "
"header analysis</ulink> of mailing list postings from prominent Debian "
"developers also indicate both of these MTAs are as popular."
msgstr ""
"儘管在流行度投票數上，<literal>exim4-*</literal> 某些時候看起來要比 "
"<literal>postfix</literal> 流行，但這並不意味著 <literal>postfix</literal> "
"在 Debian 開發者中不流行。Debian 伺服器系統使用 <literal>exim4</literal> 和 "
"<literal>postfix</literal>。著名的 Debian 開發者發到郵件列表的帖子的<ulink "
"url=\"&mailheaderanalysis;\">郵件標頭分析</ulink>的結果也表明這兩種 MTA 一樣"
"受歡迎。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>exim4-*</literal> packages are known to have very small memory "
"consumption and very flexible for its configuration.  The <literal>postfix</"
"literal> package is known to be compact, fast, simple, and secure.  Both "
"come with ample documentation and are as good in quality and license."
msgstr ""
"<literal>exim4-*</literal> 軟體包最為人所知的是，有著非常小的記憶體消耗和非常"
"靈活的配置。<literal>postfix</literal> 軟體包最為人所知的是，它的簡潔、快速、"
"簡單和安全的特性。這兩種工具都帶有充足的文件，在質量和許可證上都同樣是不錯"
"的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are many choices for mail transport agent (MTA) packages with "
"different capability and focus in Debian archive."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 檔案庫裡，有許多不同效能和不同關注點的郵件傳輸代理 (MTA) 軟體包可供"
"選擇。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of choices for mail transport agent (MTA) packages in Debian archive"
msgstr "Debian 檔案庫中可供選擇的郵件傳輸代理 (MTA) 軟體包的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "capability and focus"
msgstr "效能和關注點"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full"
msgstr "全功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full (security)"
msgstr "全功能 (安全)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full (flexible)"
msgstr "全功能 (靈活)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full (only if you are already familiar)"
msgstr "全功能(如果你已經對它熟悉)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "strip down, no local mail"
msgstr "部分功能,沒有本地郵件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "very full (web interface etc.)"
msgstr "非常全功能(web 介面等.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "light"
msgstr "輕量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "light (sendmail compatibility extension to <literal>esmtp</literal>)"
msgstr "輕量(sendmail 相容擴充套件到<literal>esmtp</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "light (sendmail compatibility extension to <literal>msmtp</literal>)"
msgstr "輕量(sendmail 相容擴充套件到<literal>msmtp</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The configuration of exim4"
msgstr "exim4 的配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Configuring <literal>exim4</literal> to send the Internet mail via multiple "
"corresponding smarthosts for multiple source email addresses is non-"
"trivial.  Please set up <literal>exim4</literal> only for a single email "
"address for the system programs such as <literal>popcon</literal> and "
"<literal>cron</literal> and set up <literal>msmtp</literal> for multiple "
"source email addresses for the user programs such as <literal>mutt</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the Internet mail via smarthost, you (re)configure <literal>exim4-*</"
"literal> packages as the following."
msgstr ""
"對於那些通過 smarthost 的網路郵件，你應該按如下所示的 (重新) 配置 "
"<literal>exim4-*</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Select \"mail sent by smarthost; received via SMTP or fetchmail\" for "
"\"General type of mail configuration\"."
msgstr ""
"配置 \"General type of mail configuration\" 時，選擇 \"mail sent by "
"smarthost; received via SMTP or fetchmail\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"System mail name:\" to its default as the FQDN (see <xref linkend="
"\"_the_hostname_resolution\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"設定 \"System mail name:\" 為預設的 FQDN (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_the_hostname_resolution\"/>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"IP-addresses to listen on for incoming SMTP connections:\" to its "
"default as \"127.0.0.1 ; ::1\"."
msgstr ""
"設定 \"IP-addresses to listen on for incoming SMTP connections:\" 為預設的 "
"\"127.0.0.1; ::1\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Unset contents of \"Other destinations for which mail is accepted:\"."
msgstr "\"Other destinations for which mail is accepted:\" 選項留空。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Unset contents of \"Machines to relay mail for:\"."
msgstr "\"Machines to relay mail for:\" 選項留空。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"IP address or host name of the outgoing smarthost:\" to \"smtp."
"hostname.dom:587\"."
msgstr ""
"設定 \"IP address or host name of the outgoing smarthost:\" 為 \"smtp."
"hostname.dom:587\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Select \"&lt;No&gt;\" for \"Hide local mail name in outgoing mail?\". (Use "
"\"<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>\" as in <xref linkend="
"\"_the_mail_address_configuration\"/>, instead.)"
msgstr ""
"設定 \"Hide local mail name in outgoing mail?\" 選項為 \"&lt;No&gt;\"。(或者"
"像<xref linkend=\"_the_mail_address_configuration\"/>描述的那樣使用 "
"<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>\" 代替)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Reply to \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-Demand)?\" as one of "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"選擇如下所示的其中一個來回答 \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-"
"Demand)?\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"No\" if the system is connected to the Internet while booting."
msgstr "\"No\" 如果啟動的時候，系統就連上了網際網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"Yes\" if the system is <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</emphasis> connected "
"to the Internet while booting."
msgstr ""
"\"Yes\" 如果啟動的時候，系統<emphasis role=\"strong\">沒有</emphasis>連上網際"
"網路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"Delivery method for local mail:\" to \"mbox format in /var/mail/\"."
msgstr ""
"設定 \"Delivery method for local mail:\" 選項為 \"mbox format in /var/mail/"
"\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Select \"&lt;Yes&gt;\" for \"Split configuration into small files?:\"."
msgstr "\"Split configuration into small files?:\" 選項設為 \"&lt;Yes&gt;\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create password entries for the smarthost by editing \"<literal>/etc/exim4/"
"passwd.client</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"通過修改 \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" 檔案，來建立用於 "
"smarthost 的密碼條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo vim /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
" ...\n"
"$ cat /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
"^smtp.*\\.hostname\\.dom:username@hostname.dom:password"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo vim /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
" ...\n"
"$ cat /etc/exim4/passwd.client\n"
"^smtp.*\\.hostname\\.dom:username@hostname.dom:password"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Start <literal>exim4</literal> by the following."
msgstr "通過如下所示的啟動 <literal>exim4</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 start"
msgstr "$ sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 start"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The host name in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" should not "
"be the alias.  You check the real host name with the following."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" 檔案中的主機名不應該是別名，"
"你應該按如下所示的檢查真正的主機名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ host smtp.hostname.dom\n"
"smtp.hostname.dom is an alias for smtp99.hostname.dom.\n"
"smtp99.hostname.dom has address 123.234.123.89"
msgstr ""
"$ host smtp.hostname.dom\n"
"smtp.hostname.dom is an alias for smtp99.hostname.dom.\n"
"smtp99.hostname.dom has address 123.234.123.89"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I use regex in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" to work "
"around the alias issue.  SMTP AUTH probably works even if the ISP moves host "
"pointed by the alias."
msgstr ""
"我在 \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\" 檔案中使用正則表示式來繞"
"過別名問題。即使 ISP 更改了別名所指向的主機名，SMTP AUTH 還是可能工作的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can manually update <literal>exim4</literal> configuration by the "
"following:"
msgstr "你能夠通過如下所示的手動更新 <literal>exim4</literal> 配置:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Update <literal>exim4</literal> configuration files in \"<literal>/etc/exim4/"
"</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"更新 \"<literal>/etc/exim4/</literal>\" 目錄下的 <literal>exim4</literal> 配"
"置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"creating \"<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.localmacros</literal>\" to set "
"MACROs and editing \"<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.template</literal>\". "
"(non-split configuration)"
msgstr ""
"建立 \"<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.localmacros</literal>\" 來設定巨集命令"
"和修改 \"<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.template</literal>\" 檔案。(沒有分割"
"的配置）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"creating new files or editing existing files in the \"<literal>/etc/exim4/"
"exim4.conf.d</literal>\" subdirectories. (split configuration)"
msgstr ""
"在 ”<literal>/etc/exim4/exim4.conf.d</literal>\" 子目錄中建立新檔案或編輯已存"
"在的檔案。(分割的配置）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run \"<literal>invoke-rc.d exim4 reload</literal>\"."
msgstr "執行 \"<literal>invoke-rc.d exim4 reload</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please read the official guide at: \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/exim4-base/"
"README.Debian.gz</literal>\" and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-exim4."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"請閱讀 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/exim4-base/README.Debian.gz</literal>\" 官方"
"指導和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-exim4.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Starting <literal>exim4</literal> takes long time if \"No\" (default value) "
"was chosen for the debconf query of \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal "
"(Dial-on-Demand)?\" and the system is <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</"
"emphasis> connected to the Internet while booting."
msgstr ""
"如果 debconf 詢問 \"Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-Demand)?\" 這"
"個問題時，選擇 了 \"No\" (預設值)，那麼啟動 <literal>exim4</literal> 會花很長"
"時間並且系統在啟動的時候<emphasis role=\"strong\">不會</emphasis>連線到網際網"
"路。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"It is insecure to use plain text password without encryption even if your "
"ISP allows it."
msgstr "雖然你的 ISP 允許，但是使用沒有加密的明文密碼是不安全的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Although use of <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> with <ulink url="
"\"&starttls;\">STARTTLS</ulink> on port 587 is recommended, some ISPs still "
"use deprecated <ulink url=\"&smtps;\">SMTPS</ulink> (SSL on port 465).  "
"Exim4 after 4.77 supports this deprecated SMTPS protocol for both as client "
"and as server."
msgstr ""
"儘管推薦在 587 埠上使用 <ulink url=\"&starttls;\">STARTTLS</ulink> 的 <ulink "
"url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> 協議，但是有些 ISP 仍然使用廢棄的 <ulink url="
"\"&smtps;\">SMTPS</ulink> 協議 (在 465 埠上的 SSL)。4.77 版本以後的 Exim4 支"
"援在客戶端和伺服器上的廢棄 SMTPS 協議。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you are looking for a light weight MTA that respects \"<literal>/etc/"
"aliases</literal>\" for your laptop PC, you should consider to configure "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with \"<literal>QUEUERUNNER='queueonly'</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>QUEUERUNNER='nodaemon'</literal>\", etc. in \"<literal>/etc/"
"default/exim4</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果你正在為膝上型電腦尋找一個遵守 \"<literal>/etc/aliases</literal>\" 規則的"
"輕量 MTA，你應該考慮配置 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，在 \"<literal>/etc/"
"default/exim4</literal>\"   檔案中寫入 \"<literal>QUEUERUNNER='queueonly'</"
"literal>\"，\"<literal>QUEUERUNNER='nodaemon'</literal>\" 等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The configuration of postfix with SASL"
msgstr "帶有 SASL 的 postfix 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the Internet mail via smarthost, you should first read <ulink url="
"\"&postfixdocumentation;\">postfix documentation</ulink> and key manual "
"pages."
msgstr ""
"對於通過 smarthost 的網路郵件，你應該首先閱讀 <ulink url="
"\"&postfixdocumentation;\">postfix 文件</ulink>和關鍵的手冊頁。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of important postfix manual pages"
msgstr "重要的 postfix 手冊頁列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postfix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postfix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix control program"
msgstr "Postfix 控制程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix configuration utility"
msgstr "Postfix 配置工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix configuration parameters"
msgstr "Postfix 配置引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix lookup table maintenance"
msgstr "Postfix 查詢表維護"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postalias</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postalias</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix alias database maintenance"
msgstr "Postfix 別名資料庫維護"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You (re)configure <literal>postfix</literal> and <literal>sasl2-bin</"
"literal> packages as follows."
msgstr ""
"你應該按如下所示的 (重新) 配置 <literal>postfix</literal> 和 <literal>sasl2-"
"bin</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop\n"
"$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Chose \"Internet with smarthost\"."
msgstr "選擇 \"Internet with smarthost\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"SMTP relay host (blank for none):\" to \"<literal>[smtp.hostname."
"dom]:587</literal>\" and configure it by the following."
msgstr ""
"設定 \"SMTP relay host (blank for none):\" 為 \"<literal>[smtp.hostname."
"dom]:587</literal>\" 並按如下所示配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_type = cyrus'\n"
"$ sudo vim /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd'\n"
"$ sudo postconf -e 'smtp_sasl_type = cyrus'\n"
"$ sudo vim /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Create password entries for the smarthost."
msgstr "為 smarthost 建立密碼條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cat /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd\n"
"[smtp.hostname.dom]:587     username:password\n"
"$ sudo postmap hush:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"
msgstr ""
"$ cat /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd\n"
"[smtp.hostname.dom]:587     username:password\n"
"$ sudo postmap hush:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Start the <literal>postfix</literal> by the following."
msgstr "通過如下所示的啟動 <literal>postfix</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start"
msgstr "$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here the use of \"<literal>[</literal>\" and \"<literal>]</literal>\" in the "
"<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal> dialog and \"<literal>/etc/postfix/"
"sasl_passwd</literal>\" ensures not to check MX record but directly use "
"exact hostname specified.  See \"Enabling SASL authentication in the Postfix "
"SMTP client\" in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/postfix/html/SASL_README.html</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>dpkg-reconfigure</literal> 會話中使用的 \"<literal>[</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>]</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</literal>\" "
"確保不去檢查 MX 記錄而是直接使用指定的明確主機名。參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/postfix/html/SASL_README.html</literal>\" 裡面的 \"Enabling SASL "
"authentication in the Postfix SMTP client\" 條目。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The mail address configuration"
msgstr "郵件地址配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are a few <ulink url=\"&mailaddressconfieryanduseragents;\">mail "
"address configuration files for mail transport, delivery and user agents</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"這裡有一些<ulink url=\"&mailaddressconfieryanduseragents;\">用於郵件傳輸、投"
"遞和使用者代理的郵件地址配置檔案</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of mail address related configuration files"
msgstr "與郵件地址相關的配置檔案列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "application"
msgstr "應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "default host name for (outgoing) mail"
msgstr "用於 (外發) 郵件的預設主機名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Debian specific, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mailname</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"Debian 專用的，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mailname</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "host name spoofing for outgoing mail"
msgstr "用於外發郵件的主機名偽裝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> specific, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4-config_files</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 專用的，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4-config_files</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postfix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> specific, activated after "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command execution."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postfix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 專用的，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postmap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令執行後啟用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/aliases</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/aliases</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "account name alias for incoming mail"
msgstr "用於接收郵件的賬戶別名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"general, activated after <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newaliases</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command execution."
msgstr ""
"通用的，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newaliases</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令執行後啟用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"mailname</literal>\" file is usually a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) "
"that resolves to one of the host's IP addresses.  For the mobile workstation "
"which does not have a hostname with resolvable IP address, set this "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> to the value of "
"\"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\". (This is safe choice and works for both "
"<literal>exim4-*</literal> and <literal>postfix</literal>.)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" 檔案中的 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">mailname</emphasis> 通常是全稱域名 (FQDN)，這個全程域名將會被解析成主機的 "
"IP 地址。對於沒有可解析成 IP 地址的主機名的移動工作站，設定 <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> 為 \"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\" 的值。"
"(這對於 <literal>exim4-*</literal> 和 <literal>postfix</literal> 都是安全有效"
"的選擇。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The contents of \"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" is used by many non-MTA "
"programs for their default behavior. For <literal>mutt</literal>, set "
"\"<literal>hostname</literal>\" and \"<literal>from</literal>\" variables in "
"<literal>~/muttrc</literal> file to override the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">mailname</emphasis> value.  For programs in the <literal>devscripts</"
"literal> package, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bts</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, export environment variables \"<literal>$DEBFULLNAME</literal>"
"\" and \"<literal>$DEBEMAIL</literal>\" to override it."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/mailname</literal>\" 中的內容被許多非 MTA 程式用作它們的預設"
"行為。對於 <literal>mutt</literal>, 在<literal>~/muttrc</literal> 檔案中設定 "
"\"<literal>hostname</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>from</literal>\" 變數來覆蓋 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> 值。對於 <literal>devscripts</"
"literal> 軟體包的程式，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bts</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，匯出環境變數 \"<literal>$DEBFULLNAME</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>$DEBEMAIL</literal>\" 的值來覆蓋它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>popularity-contest</literal> package normally send mail from "
"root account with FQDN.  You need to set <literal>MAILFROM</literal> in "
"<literal>/etc/popularity-contest.conf</literal> as described in the "
"<literal>/usr/share/popularity-contest/default.conf</literal> file.  "
"Otherwise, your mail will be rejected by the smarthost SMTP server. Although "
"this is tedious, this approach is safer than rewriting the source address "
"for all mails from root by MTA and should be used for other daemons and cron "
"scripts."
msgstr ""
"<literal>popularity-contest</literal> 軟體包一般以 FQDN 形式的 root 賬戶傳送"
"郵件。你需要像 <literal>/usr/share/popularity-contest/default.conf</literal> "
"檔案中描述的那樣去設定 <literal>/etc/popularity-contest.conf</literal> 檔案中"
"的 <literal>MAILFROM</literal> 值。否則，你的郵件會被 smarthost SMTP 伺服器拒"
"絕。儘管這些過程很乏味，這種方法比為所有通過 MTA 並且是以 root 使用者傳送的郵"
"件重寫源地址更安全。這也可以被其他守護程序或者是 cron 指令碼使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When setting the <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> to "
"\"<literal>hostname -f</literal>\", the spoofing of the source mail address "
"via MTA can be realized by the following."
msgstr ""
"當設定 <emphasis role=\"strong\">mailname</emphasis> 為 \"<literal>hostname -"
"f</literal>\" 的值時，通過 MTA 的源郵件地址的偽裝可以通過如下所示的來實現。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>\" file for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> as explained in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4-"
"config_files</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"用於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 \"<literal>/etc/email-addresses</literal>\" 檔"
"案，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4-config_files</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 手冊頁中有關於它的解釋"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>\" file for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postfix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> as explained in the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>generic</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"用於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>postfix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 \"<literal>/etc/postfix/generic</literal>\" 檔"
"案，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>generic</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 手冊頁中有關於它的解釋"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For <literal>postfix</literal>, the following extra steps are needed."
msgstr "對於 <literal>postfix</literal>，接下來的額外步驟需要執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# postmap hash:/etc/postfix/generic\n"
"# postconf -e 'smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic'\n"
"# postfix reload"
msgstr ""
"# postmap hash:/etc/postfix/generic\n"
"# postconf -e 'smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic'\n"
"# postfix reload"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can test mail address configuration using the following."
msgstr "你能夠通過如下所示的來測試郵件地址配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with <literal>-brw, -bf, -bF, -bV, …</literal> options"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 用 <literal>-brw, -bf, -bF, -bV, ...</literal> 選項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> with <literal>-q</literal> option."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>postmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 用 <literal>-q</literal> 選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Exim comes with several utility programs such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exiqgrep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exipick</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  See \"<literal>dpkg -"
"L exim4-base|grep man8/</literal>\" for available commands."
msgstr ""
"Exim 帶有一些有用的程式，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exiqgrep</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exipick</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。參見 \"<literal>dpkg -L exim4-base|grep man8/</"
"literal>\" 來獲得可用的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic MTA operations"
msgstr "基礎 MTA 操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several basic MTA operations.  Some may be performed via "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sendmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> compatibility interface."
msgstr ""
"這裡有一些基礎的 MTA 操作。有一些可能會通過 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sendmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的相容性介面來實現。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic MTA operation"
msgstr "基礎 MTA 操作列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "exim command"
msgstr "exim 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "postfix command"
msgstr "postfix 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>sendmail</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>sendmail</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"read mails from standard input and arrange for delivery (<literal>-bm</"
"literal>)"
msgstr "從標準輸入讀取郵件並且安排投遞 (<literal>-bm</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mailq</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mailq</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list the mail queue with status and queue ID (<literal>-bp</literal>)"
msgstr "列出帶有狀態和佇列 ID 的郵件佇列 (<literal>-bq</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>newaliases</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>newaliases</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "initialize alias database (<literal>-I</literal>)"
msgstr "初始化別名資料庫 (<literal>-I</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>exim4 -q</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>exim4 -q</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>postqueue -f</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "flush waiting mails (<literal>-q</literal>)"
msgstr "重新整理等待郵件 (<literal>-q</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>exim4 -qf</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>exim4 -qf</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>postsuper -r ALL deferred; postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>postsuper -r ALL deferred; postqueue -f</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "flush all mails"
msgstr "重新整理所有郵件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>exim4 -qff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>exim4 -qff</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>postsuper -r ALL; postqueue -f</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>postsuper -r ALL; postqueue -f</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "flush even frozen mails"
msgstr "重新整理甚至已經凍結的郵件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>exim4 -Mg queue_id</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>exim4 -Mg queue_id</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>postsuper -h queue_id</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>postsuper -h queue_id</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "freeze one message by its queue ID"
msgstr "通過郵件的佇列 ID 來凍結它"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>exim4 -Mrm queue_id</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>exim4 -Mrm queue_id</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>postsuper -d queue_id</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>postsuper -d queue_id</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove one message by its queue ID"
msgstr "通過郵件的佇列 ID 來移除它"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>postsuper -d ALL</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>postsuper -d ALL</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove all messages"
msgstr "移除所有郵件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"It may be a good idea to flush all mails by a script in \"<literal>/etc/ppp/"
"ip-up.d/*</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"往 \"<literal>/etc/ppp/ip-up.d/*</literal>\" 裡寫一個重新整理所有郵件的指令碼"
"會是個不錯的主意。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Mail user agent (MUA)"
msgstr "郵件使用者代理 (MUA)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you subscribe to Debian related mailing list, it may be a good idea to "
"use such MUA as <literal>mutt</literal> and <literal>mew</literal> which are "
"the de facto standard for the participant and known to behave as expected."
msgstr ""
"如果你訂閱了 Debian 相關的郵件列表，使用像 <literal>mutt</literal> 和 "
"<literal>mew</literal> 這樣的 MUA 會是個不錯主意，同時對使用者來說，它們也是"
"事實上的標準並且可以像預期的那樣工作良好。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of mail user agent (MUA)"
msgstr "郵件使用者代理列表 (MUA)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "X GUI program (GNOME3, groupware suite)"
msgstr "X GUI 程式 (GNOME3, groupware 套件)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"X GUI program (GNOME2, <ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink "
"url=\"&mozillathunderbird;\">Mozilla Thunderbird</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"X GUI 程式 (GNOME2, <ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">無品牌的</ulink> <ulink url="
"\"&mozillathunderbird;\">Mozilla Thunderbird</ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "X GUI program (KDE)"
msgstr "X GUI 程式 (KDE)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "character terminal program probably used with <literal>vim</literal>"
msgstr "很有可能與 <literal>vim</literal> 一起使用的字元終端程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "character terminal program under <literal>(x)emacs</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(x)emacs</literal> 下的字元終端程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic MUA — Mutt"
msgstr "基礎 MUA — Mutt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Customize \"<literal>~/.muttrc</literal>\" as the following to use "
"<literal>mutt</literal> as the mail user agent (MUA) in combination with "
"<literal>vim</literal>."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示的自定義 \"<literal>~/.muttrc</literal>\" ，與 <literal>vim</"
"literal> 結合使用郵件使用者代理 (MUA) 軟體 <literal>mutt</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#\n"
"# User configuration file to override /etc/Muttrc\n"
"#\n"
"# spoof source mail address\n"
"set use_from\n"
"set hostname=example.dom\n"
"set from=\"Name Surname &lt;username@example.dom&gt;\"\n"
"set signature=\"~/.signature\"\n"
"\n"
"# vim: \"gq\" to reformat quotes\n"
"set editor=\"vim -c 'set tw=72 et ft=mail'\"\n"
"\n"
"# \"mutt\" goes to Inbox, while \"mutt -y\" lists mailboxes\n"
"set mbox_type=Maildir           # use qmail Maildir format for creating mbox\n"
"set mbox=~/Mail                 # keep all mail boxes in $HOME/Mail/\n"
"set spoolfile=+Inbox            # mail delivered to $HOME/Mail/Inbox\n"
"set record=+Outbox              # save fcc mail to $HOME/Mail/Outbox\n"
"set postponed=+Postponed        # keep postponed in $HOME/Mail/postponed\n"
"set move=no                     # do not move Inbox items to mbox\n"
"set quit=ask-yes                # do not quit by \"q\" only\n"
"set delete=yes                  # always delete w/o asking while exiting\n"
"set fcc_clear                   # store fcc as non encrypted\n"
"\n"
"# Mailboxes in Maildir (automatic update)\n"
"mailboxes `cd ~/Mail; /bin/ls -1|sed -e 's/^/+/' | tr \"\\n\" \" \"`\n"
"unmailboxes Maillog *.ev-summary\n"
"\n"
"## Default\n"
"#set index_format=\"%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%4l) %s\"\n"
"## Thread index with senders (collapse)\n"
"set index_format=\"%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15n %?M?(#%03M)&amp;(%4l)? %s\"\n"
"\n"
"## Default\n"
"#set folder_format=\"%2C %t %N %F %2l %-8.8u %-8.8g %8s %d %f\"\n"
"## just folder names\n"
"set folder_format=\"%2C %t %N %f\""
msgstr ""
"#\n"
"# User configuration file to override /etc/Muttrc\n"
"#\n"
"# spoof source mail address\n"
"set use_from\n"
"set hostname=example.dom\n"
"set from=\"Name Surname &lt;username@example.dom&gt;\"\n"
"set signature=\"~/.signature\"\n"
"\n"
"# vim: \"gq\" to reformat quotes\n"
"set editor=\"vim -c 'set tw=72 et ft=mail'\"\n"
"\n"
"# \"mutt\" goes to Inbox, while \"mutt -y\" lists mailboxes\n"
"set mbox_type=Maildir           # use qmail Maildir format for creating mbox\n"
"set mbox=~/Mail                 # keep all mail boxes in $HOME/Mail/\n"
"set spoolfile=+Inbox            # mail delivered to $HOME/Mail/Inbox\n"
"set record=+Outbox              # save fcc mail to $HOME/Mail/Outbox\n"
"set postponed=+Postponed        # keep postponed in $HOME/Mail/postponed\n"
"set move=no                     # do not move Inbox items to mbox\n"
"set quit=ask-yes                # do not quit by \"q\" only\n"
"set delete=yes                  # always delete w/o asking while exiting\n"
"set fcc_clear                   # store fcc as non encrypted\n"
"\n"
"# Mailboxes in Maildir (automatic update)\n"
"mailboxes `cd ~/Mail; /bin/ls -1|sed -e 's/^/+/' | tr \"\\n\" \" \"`\n"
"unmailboxes Maillog *.ev-summary\n"
"\n"
"## Default\n"
"#set index_format=\"%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%4l) %s\"\n"
"## Thread index with senders (collapse)\n"
"set index_format=\"%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15n %?M?(#%03M)&amp;(%4l)? %s\"\n"
"\n"
"## Default\n"
"#set folder_format=\"%2C %t %N %F %2l %-8.8u %-8.8g %8s %d %f\"\n"
"## just folder names\n"
"set folder_format=\"%2C %t %N %f\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Add the following to \"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/."
"mailcap</literal>\" to display HTML mail and MS Word attachments inline."
msgstr ""
"增加下面的內容到\"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>~/."
"mailcap</literal>\" 來內鑲顯示 HTML 郵件和微軟 Word 附件."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal;\n"
"application/msword; /usr/bin/antiword '%s'; copiousoutput; description=\"Microsoft Word Text\"; nametemplate=%s.doc"
msgstr ""
"text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal;\n"
"application/msword; /usr/bin/antiword '%s'; copiousoutput; description=\"Microsoft Word Text\"; nametemplate=%s.doc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Mutt can be used as the <ulink url=\"&imap;\">IMAP</ulink> client and the "
"mailbox format converter.  You can tag messages with \"<literal>t</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>T</literal>\", etc.  These tagged messages can be copied with "
"\"<literal>;C</literal>\" between different mailboxes and deleted with "
"\"<literal>;d</literal>\" in one action."
msgstr ""
"Mutt 能夠作為 <ulink url=\"&imap;\">IMAP</ulink> 客戶端和 mailbox 格式轉換器."
"你可以使用\"<literal>t</literal>\", \"<literal>T</literal>\"等標識郵件.這些標"
"識的郵件能夠使用\"<literal>;C</literal>\"在不同的郵箱之間拷貝,並可以使用"
"\"<literal>;d</literal>\" 來一次性刪除."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Basic MUA — Mutt"
msgid "Advanced MUA — Mutt + msmtp"
msgstr "基礎 MUA — Mutt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Mutt can be configured to use multiple source email addresses with multiple "
"corresponding smarthosts using <ulink url=\"&msmtp;\">msmtp</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Msmtp is a sendmail emulator which allows to be installed along another "
"sendmail emulator which provides the <literal>/usr/sbin/sendmail</literal> "
"command.  So you can leave your system mail to be <literal>exim4</literal> "
"or <literal>postfix</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Let's think about supporting 3 email addresses as an example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"My Name1 &lt;<ulink url=\"&myaccountbgmailcom;\">myaccount1@gmail.com</"
"ulink>&gt;\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"My Name2 &lt;<ulink url=\"&myaccountcgmailcom;\">myaccount2@gmail.com</"
"ulink>&gt;\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"My Name3 &lt;<ulink url=\"&myaccountdexampleorg;\">myaccount3@example.org</"
"ulink>&gt;\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an example of <literal>~/.muttrc</literal> customization supporting "
"3 smarthosts for 3 different source email addresses."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"set use_from\n"
"set from=\"My Name3 &lt;myaccount3@example.org&gt;\"\n"
"set reverse_name\n"
"alternates myaccount1@gmail\\.com|myaccount1@gmail\\.com|myaccount3@example\\.org\n"
"\n"
"# ...\n"
"\n"
"# MACRO\n"
"macro compose \"1\" \"&lt;edit-from&gt;^UMy Name1 \\&lt;myaccount1@gmail.com\\&gt;\\n\"\n"
"macro compose \"2\" \"&lt;edit-from&gt;^UMy Name2 \\&lt;myaccount2@gmail.com\\&gt;\\n\"\n"
"macro compose \"3\" \"&lt;edit-from&gt;^UMy Name3 \\&lt;myaccount3@example.org\\&gt;\\n\"\n"
"\n"
"send2-hook '~f myaccount1@gmail.com' \"set sendmail = '/usr/bin/msmtp --read-envelope-from'\"\n"
"send2-hook '~f myaccount2@gmail.com' \"set sendmail = '/usr/bin/msmtp --read-envelope-from'\"\n"
"send2-hook '~f myaccount3@example.org' \"set sendmail = '/usr/bin/msmtp --read-envelope-from'\"\n"
"\n"
"# ..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Let's install <literal>gdb</literal> and related programs by the "
#| "following."
msgid ""
"Let's install <literal>msmtp-gnome</literal> and set <literal>~/.msmtprc</"
"literal> as follows."
msgstr "讓我們通過如下所示的命令來安裝 <literal>gdb</literal> 及其相關程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"defaults\n"
"logfile ~/.msmtp.log\n"
"domain myhostname.example.org\n"
"tls on\n"
"tls_starttls on\n"
"tls_certcheck on\n"
"tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\n"
"auth on\n"
"port 587\n"
"auto_from\n"
"\n"
"account myaccount1@gmail.com\n"
"host smtp.gmail.com\n"
"from  myaccount1@gmail.com\n"
"user  myaccount1@gmail.com\n"
"\n"
"account myaccount2@gmail.com\n"
"host smtp.gmail.com\n"
"from  myaccount2@gmail.com\n"
"user  myaccount2@gmail.com\n"
"\n"
"account myaccount3@example.org\n"
"host mail.example.org\n"
"from  myaccount3@example.org\n"
"user  myaccount3@example.org\n"
"\n"
"account default : myaccount3@example.org"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Then, add password data into the Gnome key ring.  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" $ secret-tool store --label=msmtp \\\n"
"     host smtp.gmail.com \\\n"
"     service smtp \\\n"
"     user myaccount1@gmail.com\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you don't wish to use the Gnome key ring, you can install <literal>msmtp</"
"literal> package instead and add an entry such as \"<literal>password "
"secret123</literal>\" to each account in <literal>~/.msmtprc</literal>.  See "
"<ulink url=\"&memtpdocumentation;\">memtp documentation</ulink> for more."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The remote mail retrieval and forward utility"
msgstr "遠端郵件檢索和轉發實用工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Instead of running a MUA to access remote mails and to process them "
"manually, you may wish to automate such process to have all the mails "
"delivered to the local host.  The remote mail retrieval and forward utility "
"is the tool for you."
msgstr ""
"而不是手動執行 MUA 去訪問遠端郵件並去處理它們，你可能希望自動化這些過程，然後"
"把所有郵件都投遞到本地。遠端郵件檢索和轉發實用工具很適合你使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetchmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> has been de facto standard for the remote mail "
"retrieval on GNU/Linux, the author likes "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> now.  If you want to reject mail before "
"downloading to save bandwidth, <literal>mailfilter</literal> or "
"<literal>mpop</literal> may be useful.  Whichever mail retriever utilities "
"are used, it is a good idea to configure system to deliver retrieved mails "
"to MDA, such as <literal>maildrop</literal>, via pipe."
msgstr ""
"儘管 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetchmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 已經成為 GNU/Linux 用於遠端郵件檢索的事實上的標準，"
"作者現在還是喜歡 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getmail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。如果你想要在下載郵件之"
"前拒絕郵件來達到節省頻寬的目的，<literal>mailfilter</literal> 或 "
"<literal>mpop</literal> 工具可能是很有用的。不管使用哪種郵件檢索實用程式，配"
"置系統使之能夠投遞已檢索的郵件到 MDA 會是個不錯的主意，例如通過管道的 "
"<literal>maildrop</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of remote mail retrieval and forward utilities"
msgstr "遠端郵件檢索和轉發實用程式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mail retriever (POP3, APOP, IMAP) (old)"
msgstr "郵件檢索 (POP3, APOP, IMAP) (舊的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mail retriever (POP3, IMAP4, and SDPS) (simple, secure, and reliable)"
msgstr "郵件檢索 (POP3, IMAP4 和 SDPS) (簡單、安全和可靠)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mail retriever (POP3) with with regex filtering capability"
msgstr "有正則表示式過濾功能的郵件檢索 (POP3)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mail retriever (POP3) and MDA with filtering capability"
msgstr "郵件檢索 (POP3) 和帶有過濾功能的 MDA"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "getmail configuration"
msgstr "getmail 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> configuration is described in <ulink url="
"\"&getmaildocumentation;\">getmail documentation</ulink>. Here is my set up "
"to access multiple POP3 accounts as user."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的配置在<ulink url=\"&getmaildocumentation;"
"\">getmail documentation</ulink>裡描述.這裡是我作為使用者搭建訪問多個 POP3帳"
"號."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Create \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\" as the following."
msgstr "按如下所示的建立 \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"set -e\n"
"if [ -f $HOME/.getmail/running ]; then\n"
"  echo \"getmail is already running ... (if not, remove $HOME/.getmail/running)\" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"  pgrep -l \"getmai[l]\"\n"
"  exit 1\n"
"else\n"
"  echo \"getmail has not been running ... \" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"fi\n"
"if [ -f $HOME/.getmail/stop ]; then\n"
"  echo \"do not run getmail ... (if not, remove $HOME/.getmail/stop)\" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"  exit\n"
"fi\n"
"if [ \"x$1\" = \"x-l\" ]; then\n"
"  exit\n"
"fi\n"
"rcfiles=\"/usr/bin/getmail\"\n"
"for file in $HOME/.getmail/config/* ; do\n"
"  rcfiles=\"$rcfiles --rcfile $file\"\n"
"done\n"
"date -u &gt; $HOME/.getmail/running\n"
"eval \"$rcfiles $@\"\n"
"rm $HOME/.getmail/running"
msgstr ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"set -e\n"
"if [ -f $HOME/.getmail/running ]; then\n"
"  echo \"getmail is already running ... (if not, remove $HOME/.getmail/running)\" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"  pgrep -l \"getmai[l]\"\n"
"  exit 1\n"
"else\n"
"  echo \"getmail has not been running ... \" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"fi\n"
"if [ -f $HOME/.getmail/stop ]; then\n"
"  echo \"do not run getmail ... (if not, remove $HOME/.getmail/stop)\" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"  exit\n"
"fi\n"
"if [ \"x$1\" = \"x-l\" ]; then\n"
"  exit\n"
"fi\n"
"rcfiles=\"/usr/bin/getmail\"\n"
"for file in $HOME/.getmail/config/* ; do\n"
"  rcfiles=\"$rcfiles --rcfile $file\"\n"
"done\n"
"date -u &gt; $HOME/.getmail/running\n"
"eval \"$rcfiles $@\"\n"
"rm $HOME/.getmail/running"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Configure it as the following."
msgstr "按如下所示的配置它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/getmails\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/config\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/log"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/getmails\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/config\n"
"$ mkdir -m 0700 $HOME/.getmail/log"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create configuration files \"<literal>$HOME/.getmail/config/pop3_name</"
"literal>\" for each POP3 accounts as the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示的為每個 POP3 賬戶建立 \"<literal>$HOME/.getmail/config/pop3_name</"
"literal>\" 配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[retriever]\n"
"type = SimplePOP3SSLRetriever\n"
"server = pop.example.com\n"
"username =  pop3_name@example.com\n"
"password = &lt;your-password&gt;\n"
"\n"
"[destination]\n"
"type = MDA_external\n"
"path = /usr/bin/maildrop\n"
"unixfrom = True\n"
"\n"
"[options]\n"
"verbose = 0\n"
"delete = True\n"
"delivered_to = False\n"
"message_log = ~/.getmail/log/pop3_name.log"
msgstr ""
"[retriever]\n"
"type = SimplePOP3SSLRetriever\n"
"server = pop.example.com\n"
"username =  pop3_name@example.com\n"
"password = &lt;your-password&gt;\n"
"\n"
"[destination]\n"
"type = MDA_external\n"
"path = /usr/bin/maildrop\n"
"unixfrom = True\n"
"\n"
"[options]\n"
"verbose = 0\n"
"delete = True\n"
"delivered_to = False\n"
"message_log = ~/.getmail/log/pop3_name.log"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.getmail/config/*"
msgstr "$ chmod 0600 $HOME/.getmail/config/*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Schedule \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/getmails</literal>\" to run every 15 "
"minutes with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> by executing \"<literal>sudo crontab -e -u &lt;"
"user_name&gt;</literal>\" and adding following to user's cron entry."
msgstr ""
"計劃使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 每 15 分鐘執行一次 \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/"
"getmails</literal>\"，通過執行 \"<literal>sudo crontab -e -u &lt;"
"user_name&gt;</literal>\" 並把如下所示的命令新增到使用者的 cron 條目中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "5,20,35,50 * * * * /usr/local/bin/getmails --quiet"
msgstr "5,20,35,50 * * * * /usr/local/bin/getmails --quiet"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Problems of POP3 access may not come from <literal>getmail</literal>. Some "
"popular free POP3 services may be violating the POP3 protocol and their SPAM "
"filter may not be perfect.  For example, they may delete messages just after "
"receiving RETR command before receiving DELE command and may quarantined "
"messages into Spam mailbox.  You should minimize damages by configuring them "
"to archive accessed messages and not to delete them. See also <ulink url="
"\"&somemailwasnotdownloaded;\">\"Some mail was not downloaded\"</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"POP3 訪問的問題可能並不來自於 <literal>getmail</literal>。一些主流的免費 "
"POP3 服務可能違反了 POP3 協議並且它們的垃圾郵件過濾機制可能不是非常完美。例"
"如，它們可能在剛剛接收到 RETR 命令並且沒有接收到 DELE 命令就可能刪除了郵件並"
"且可能隔離郵件到垃圾郵件信箱。你應該儘可能的減少損害，通過配置它們使之成為可"
"訪問的歸檔檔案並且不要刪除它們。參見 <ulink url=\"&somemailwasnotdownloaded;"
"\">\"Some mail was not downloaded\"</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "fetchmail configuration"
msgstr "fetchmail 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetchmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> configuration is set by \"<literal>/etc/default/"
"fetchmail</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/fetchmailrc</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>$HOME/.fetchmailrc</literal>\".  See its example in \"<literal>/"
"usr/share/doc/fetchmail/examples/fetchmailrc.example</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/default/fetchmail</literal>\"，\"<literal>/etc/fetchmailrc</"
"literal>\" 和 \"<literal>$HOME/.fetchmailrc</literal>\" 可以配置 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fetchmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/fetchmail/examples/"
"fetchmailrc.example</literal>\" 配置例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Mail delivery agent (MDA) with filter"
msgstr "帶有過濾器的郵件投遞代理 (MDA)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Most MTA programs, such as <literal>postfix</literal> and <literal>exim4</"
"literal>, function as MDA (mail delivery agent). There are specialized MDA "
"with filtering capabilities."
msgstr ""
"大多數 MTA 程式，例如 <literal>postfix</literal> 和 <literal>exim4</"
"literal>，兼任 MDA (郵件投遞代理)。這裡有專門的帶有過濾功能的 MDA。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> has been de facto standard for MDA with filter on "
"GNU/Linux, author likes <citerefentry><refentrytitle>maildrop</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> now.  Whichever "
"filtering utilities are used, it is a good idea to configure system to "
"deliver filtered mails to a <ulink url=\"&qmailstylemaildir;\">qmail-style "
"Maildir</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"儘管 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 已經成為 GUN/Linux 上關於帶有過濾器的 MDA 的事實標"
"準，作者現在還是喜歡 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>maildrop</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。不管使用哪種過濾程式，"
"配置系統使之能投遞已過濾的郵件到 <ulink url=\"&qmailstylemaildir;\">qmail 風"
"格的 Maildir</ulink> 都是一個好主意。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of MDA with filter"
msgstr "有過濾器的 MDA 列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MDA with filter (old)"
msgstr "有過濾器的 MDA (舊的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MDA with Perl filter"
msgstr "帶有 Perl 過濾器的 MDA"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MDA with structured filtering language"
msgstr "有結構化過濾語言的 MDA"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "maildrop configuration"
msgstr "maildrop 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>maildrop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> configuration is described in <ulink url="
"\"&maildropfilterdocumentation;\">maildropfilter documentation</ulink>.  "
"Here is a configuration example for \"<literal>$HOME/.mailfilter</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>maildrop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 配置在 <ulink url=\"&maildropfilterdocumentation;"
"\">maildropfilter documentation</ulink> 中有說明。這裡有一個關於 \"<literal>"
"$HOME/.mailfilter</literal> 檔案的配置例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Local configuration\n"
"MAILROOT=\"$HOME/Mail\"\n"
"# set this to /etc/mailname contents\n"
"MAILHOST=\"example.dom\"\n"
"logfile $HOME/.maildroplog\n"
"\n"
"# rules are made to override the earlier value by the later one.\n"
"\n"
"# mailing list mails ?\n"
"if (     /^Precedence:.*list/:h || /^Precedence:.*bulk/:h )\n"
"{\n"
"    # rules for mailing list mails\n"
"    # default mailbox for mails from mailing list\n"
"    MAILBOX=\"Inbox-list\"\n"
"    # default mailbox for mails from debian.org\n"
"    if ( /^(Sender|Resent-From|Resent-Sender): .*debian.org/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"service.debian.org\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # default mailbox for mails from bugs.debian.org (BTS)\n"
"    if ( /^(Sender|Resent-From|Resent-sender): .*@bugs.debian.org/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"bugs.debian.org\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # mailbox for each properly maintained mailing list with \"List-Id: foo\" or \"List-Id: ...&lt;foo.bar&gt;\"\n"
"    if ( /^List-Id: ([^&lt;]*&lt;)?([^&lt;&gt;]*)&gt;?/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"$MATCH2\"\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"else\n"
"{\n"
"    # rules for non-mailing list mails\n"
"    # default incoming box\n"
"    MAILBOX=\"Inbox-unusual\"\n"
"    # local mails\n"
"    if ( /Envelope-to: .*@$MAILHOST/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-local\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # html mails (99% spams)\n"
"    if ( /DOCTYPE html/:b ||\\\n"
"         /^Content-Type: text\\/html/ )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-html\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # blacklist rule for spams\n"
"    if ( /^X-Advertisement/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-trash\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # whitelist rule for normal mails\n"
"    if ( /^From: .*@debian.org/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^(Sender|Resent-From|Resent-Sender): .*debian.org/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject: .*(debian|bug|PATCH)/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # whiltelist rule for BTS related mails\n"
"    if ( /^Subject: .*Bug#.*/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^(To|Cc): .*@bugs.debian.org/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"bugs.debian.org\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # whitelist rule for getmails cron mails\n"
"    if ( /^Subject: Cron .*getmails/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-getmails\"\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"# check existance of $MAILBOX\n"
"`test -d $MAILROOT/$MAILBOX`\n"
"if ( $RETURNCODE == 1 )\n"
"{\n"
"    # create maildir mailbox for $MAILBOX\n"
"    `maildirmake $MAILROOT/$MAILBOX`\n"
"}\n"
"# deliver to maildir $MAILBOX\n"
"to \"$MAILROOT/$MAILBOX/\"\n"
"exit"
msgstr ""
"# Local configuration\n"
"MAILROOT=\"$HOME/Mail\"\n"
"# set this to /etc/mailname contents\n"
"MAILHOST=\"example.dom\"\n"
"logfile $HOME/.maildroplog\n"
"\n"
"# rules are made to override the earlier value by the later one.\n"
"\n"
"# mailing list mails ?\n"
"if (     /^Precedence:.*list/:h || /^Precedence:.*bulk/:h )\n"
"{\n"
"    # rules for mailing list mails\n"
"    # default mailbox for mails from mailing list\n"
"    MAILBOX=\"Inbox-list\"\n"
"    # default mailbox for mails from debian.org\n"
"    if ( /^(Sender|Resent-From|Resent-Sender): .*debian.org/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"service.debian.org\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # default mailbox for mails from bugs.debian.org (BTS)\n"
"    if ( /^(Sender|Resent-From|Resent-sender): .*@bugs.debian.org/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"bugs.debian.org\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # mailbox for each properly maintained mailing list with \"List-Id: foo\" or \"List-Id: ...&lt;foo.bar&gt;\"\n"
"    if ( /^List-Id: ([^&lt;]*&lt;)?([^&lt;&gt;]*)&gt;?/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"$MATCH2\"\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"else\n"
"{\n"
"    # rules for non-mailing list mails\n"
"    # default incoming box\n"
"    MAILBOX=\"Inbox-unusual\"\n"
"    # local mails\n"
"    if ( /Envelope-to: .*@$MAILHOST/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-local\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # html mails (99% spams)\n"
"    if ( /DOCTYPE html/:b ||\\\n"
"         /^Content-Type: text\\/html/ )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-html\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # blacklist rule for spams\n"
"    if ( /^X-Advertisement/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-trash\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # whitelist rule for normal mails\n"
"    if ( /^From: .*@debian.org/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^(Sender|Resent-From|Resent-Sender): .*debian.org/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^Subject: .*(debian|bug|PATCH)/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # whiltelist rule for BTS related mails\n"
"    if ( /^Subject: .*Bug#.*/:h ||\\\n"
"         /^(To|Cc): .*@bugs.debian.org/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"bugs.debian.org\"\n"
"    }\n"
"    # whitelist rule for getmails cron mails\n"
"    if ( /^Subject: Cron .*getmails/:h )\n"
"    {\n"
"        MAILBOX=\"Inbox-getmails\"\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"# check existance of $MAILBOX\n"
"`test -d $MAILROOT/$MAILBOX`\n"
"if ( $RETURNCODE == 1 )\n"
"{\n"
"    # create maildir mailbox for $MAILBOX\n"
"    `maildirmake $MAILROOT/$MAILBOX`\n"
"}\n"
"# deliver to maildir $MAILBOX\n"
"to \"$MAILROOT/$MAILBOX/\"\n"
"exit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Unlike <literal>procmail</literal>, <literal>maildrop</literal> does not "
"create missing maildir directories automatically.  You must create them "
"manually using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>maildirmake</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> in advance as in the "
"example \"<literal>$HOME/.mailfilter</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"不像 <literal>procmail</literal>，<literal>maildrop</literal> 不會自動建立不"
"存在的 maildir 目錄。你必須提前使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>maildirmake</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 手動建立它們，正如 \"<literal>$HOME/.mailfilter</"
"literal>\" 例子裡的那樣。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "procmail configuration"
msgstr "procmail 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a similar configuration with \"<literal>$HOME/.procmailrc</literal>"
"\" for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"這裡有一個 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 \"<literal>$HOME/."
"procmailrc</literal>\" 檔案的類似配置例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir\n"
"DEFAULT=$MAILDIR/Inbox/\n"
"LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/Maillog\n"
"# clearly bad looking mails: drop them into X-trash and exit\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Advertisement\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE\n"
"X-trash/\n"
"\n"
"# Delivering mailinglist messages\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*list\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*bulk\n"
"* 1^0 ^List-\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Distribution:.*bulk\n"
"{\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Return-path:.*debian-devel-admin@debian.or.jp\n"
"jp-debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-user-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-user/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-devel-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-announce-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-announce\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"mailing-list/\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"Inbox/"
msgstr ""
"MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir\n"
"DEFAULT=$MAILDIR/Inbox/\n"
"LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/Maillog\n"
"# clearly bad looking mails: drop them into X-trash and exit\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Advertisement\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*BUSINESS PROPOSAL\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject:.*URGENT.*ASISSTANCE\n"
"* 1^0 ^Subject: *I NEED YOUR ASSISTANCE\n"
"X-trash/\n"
"\n"
"# Delivering mailinglist messages\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*list\n"
"* 1^0 ^Precedence:.*bulk\n"
"* 1^0 ^List-\n"
"* 1^0 ^X-Distribution:.*bulk\n"
"{\n"
":0\n"
"* 1^0 ^Return-path:.*debian-devel-admin@debian.or.jp\n"
"jp-debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-user-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-user/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-devel-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-devel/\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"* ^Resent-Sender.*debian-announce-request@lists.debian.org\n"
"debian-announce\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"mailing-list/\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
":0\n"
"Inbox/"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Redeliver mbox contents"
msgstr "重新投遞 mbox 內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to manually deliver mails to the sorted mailboxes in your home "
"directory from \"<literal>/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;</literal>\" if your "
"home directory became full and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> failed.  After making "
"disk space in the home directory, run the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你的家目錄已經滿了並且 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 失敗了，你需要從 "
"\"<literal>/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;</literal>\" 目錄手動投遞郵件到家目錄下"
"的已分類好的郵箱中。家目錄有空閒空間以後，執行如下命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} stop\n"
"# formail -s procmail &lt;/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;\n"
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} start"
msgstr ""
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} stop\n"
"# formail -s procmail &lt;/var/mail/&lt;username&gt;\n"
"# /etc/init.d/${MAILDAEMON} start"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "POP3/IMAP4 server"
msgstr "POP3/IMAP4 伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are to run a private server on LAN, you may consider to run <ulink "
"url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> / <ulink url=\"&imape;\">IMAP4</ulink> server "
"for delivering mail to LAN clients."
msgstr ""
"如果將要在區域網上執行一個私有伺服器，你應該考慮執行 <ulink url=\"&popd;"
"\">POP3</ulink> / <ulink url=\"&imape;\">IMAP4</ulink> 伺服器，用來投遞郵件到"
"區域網客戶端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of POP3/IMAP4 servers"
msgstr "POP3/IMAP4 伺服器列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "POP3"
msgstr "POP3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Courier mail server - POP3 server (maildir format only)"
msgstr "Courier 郵件伺服器 - POP3 伺服器 (只有 maildir 格式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cyrus mail system (POP3 support)"
msgstr "Cyrus 郵件系統 (支援 POP3)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "IMAP"
msgstr "IMAP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Courier mail server - IMAP server (maildir format only)"
msgstr "Courier 郵件伺服器 - IMAP 伺服器 (只支援 maildir 格式)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cyrus mail system (IMAP support)"
msgstr "Cyrus 郵件系統 (支援 IMAP)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The print server and utilities"
msgstr "列印服務和工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In the old Unix-like system, the BSD <ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">Line "
"printer daemon</ulink> was the standard.  Since the standard print out "
"format of the free software is PostScript on the Unix like system, some "
"filter system was used along with <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</"
"ulink> to enable printing to the non-PostScript printer."
msgstr ""
"在老的類 Unix 系統，BSD <ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">Line printer "
"daemon 行印表機後臺守護</ulink> 是標準。因此，在類 Unix 系統中，自由軟體的標"
"準列印輸出格式是 PostScript，為了能夠列印到非 PostScript 印表機，需要將一些過"
"濾器系統和 <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink> 一道使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Recently, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common UNIX Printing "
"System</ulink> (CUPS) is the new de facto standard.  The CUPS uses <ulink "
"url=\"&internetprintingprotocol;\">Internet Printing Protocol</ulink> (IPP). "
"The IPP is now supported by other OSs such as Windows XP and Mac OS X and "
"has became new cross-platform de facto standard for remote printing with bi-"
"directional communication capability."
msgstr ""
"近來, <ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystem;\">Common UNIX Printing System "
"通用 UNIX 列印系統</ulink> (CUPS) 是新的事實標準。CUPS 使用 <ulink url="
"\"&internetprintingprotocol;\">Internet Printing Protocol 網際網路列印協議</"
"ulink> (IPP). IPP 現在已經被其它作業系統，如 Windows XP 和 Mac OS X，支援。它"
"已經變成新的具備雙向通訊能力的跨平臺遠端列印的事實標準。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The standard printable data format for the application on the Debian system "
"is the <ulink url=\"&postscriptps;\">PostScript (PS)</ulink> which is a page "
"description language.  The data in PS format is fed into the Ghostscript "
"PostScript interpreter to produce the printable data specific to the "
"printer.  See <xref linkend=\"_ghostscript\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統上的應用程式的標準列印資料格式是 <ulink url=\"&postscriptps;"
"\">PostScript (PS)</ulink> ，它是一個頁描述語言。PS 格式的資料被送到 "
"Ghostscript PostScript 直譯器來生成特定的印表機可列印的資料。參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_ghostscript\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Thanks to the file format dependent auto-conversion feature of the CUPS "
"system, simply feeding any data to the <literal>lpr</literal> command should "
"generate the expected print output. (In CUPS, <literal>lpr</literal> can be "
"enabled by installing the <literal>cups-bsd</literal> package.)"
msgstr ""
"幸虧有 CUPS 系統的檔案格式依賴自動轉化特徵，簡單的傳送任何資料到 "
"<literal>lpr</literal> 命令，都將產生期望的列印輸出。(在 CUPS 裡, "
"<literal>lpr</literal> 能夠通過安裝 <literal>cups-bsd</literal> 軟體包來獲"
"取.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system has some notable packages for the print servers and "
"utilities."
msgstr "Debian 系統有一些不錯的軟體包用於列印服務和作為列印工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of print servers and utilities"
msgstr "列印服務和工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "printer (515)"
msgstr "printer (515)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"BSD lpr/lpd (<ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">Line printer daemon</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"BSD lpr/lpd (<ulink url=\"&lineprinterdaemon;\">線性印表機後臺守護程序 "
"daemon</ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ", , (Enhanced)"
msgstr ", , (增強)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "IPP (631)"
msgstr "IPP (631)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Internet Printing CUPS server"
msgstr "網際網路列印 CUPS 伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&systemvprintercommands;\">System V printer commands</ulink> "
"for CUPS: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpstat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpoptions</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cancel</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpmove</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpinfo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpadmin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"用於 CUPS 的 <ulink url=\"&systemvprintercommands;\">System V 印表機命令</"
"ulink>: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpstat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpoptions</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cancel</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpmove</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpinfo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpadmin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bsdprintercommands;\">BSD printer commands</ulink> for CUPS: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpq</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lprm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"用於 CUPS 的 <ulink url=\"&bsdprintercommands;\">BSD 印表機命令</ulink>: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpq</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lprm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Not applicable"
msgstr "沒有使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "printer drivers for CUPS"
msgstr "CUPS 印表機驅動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can configure CUPS system by pointing your web browser to \"<ulink url="
"\"&httplocalhostgdb;\">http://localhost:631/</ulink>\" ."
msgstr ""
"你可以讓你的 web 瀏覽器訪問 \"<ulink url=\"&httplocalhostgdb;\">http://"
"localhost:631/</ulink>\" 來配置 CUPS 系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The remote access server and utilities (SSH)"
msgstr "伺服器遠端訪問和工具 (SSH)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&secureshell;\">Secure SHell</ulink> (SSH) is the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">secure</emphasis> way to connect over the Internet.  A free "
"version of SSH called <ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> is available "
"as <literal>openssh-client</literal> and <literal>openssh-server</literal> "
"packages in Debian."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&secureshell;\">Secure SHell</ulink> (SSH) 是因特網上的 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">安全</emphasis> 連線方式。在 Debian 裡面，有一個叫 "
"<ulink url=\"&openssh;\">OpenSSH</ulink> 的免費 SSH 版本，在 "
"<literal>openssh-client</literal> 和 <literal>openssh-server</literal> 包裡。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of remote access server and utilities"
msgstr "伺服器遠端訪問和工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "tool"
msgstr "工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Secure shell client"
msgstr "SSH 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Secure shell server"
msgstr "SSH 服務端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-askpass-fullscreen</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-askpass-fullscreen</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "asks user for a pass phrase for ssh-add (GNOME2)"
msgstr "請求使用者輸入密碼的 ssh-add (GNOME2)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-askpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-askpass</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "asks user for a pass phrase for ssh-add (plain X)"
msgstr "請求使用者輸入密碼的 ssh-add (plain X)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_extra_security_measures_for_the_internet\"/> if your "
"SSH is accessible from the Internet."
msgstr ""
"如果你的 SSH 是從因特網來訪問，參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_extra_security_measures_for_the_internet\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Please use the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> program to enable "
"remote shell process to survive the interrupted connection (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_screen_program\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"請使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式來讓遠端 shell 在中斷的連線上存活(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_the_screen_program\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basics of SSH"
msgstr "SSH 基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run</literal>\" must not be present if "
"one wishes to run the OpenSSH server."
msgstr ""
"如果想要執行 OpenSSH 服務，\"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run</literal>"
"\"必須不存在。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "SSH has two authentication protocols."
msgstr "SSH 有兩個認證協議。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of SSH authentication protocols and methods"
msgstr "SSH 認證協議和方式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "SSH protocol"
msgstr "SSH 協議"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "SSH method"
msgstr "SSH 方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "SSH-1"
msgstr "SSH-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "RSA identity key based user authentication"
msgstr "基於 RSA 身份祕鑰的使用者認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>RhostsAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>.rhosts</literal>\" based host authentication (insecure, disabled)"
msgstr "\"<literal>.rhosts</literal>\" 基於主機的認證（不安全，禁用）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>RhostsRSAAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>RhostsRSAAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>.rhosts</literal>\" based host authentication combined with RSA "
"host key (disabled)"
msgstr "\"<literal>.rhosts</literal>\" 使用 RSA 主機祕鑰的主機認證（禁用）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>ChallengeResponseAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>ChallengeResponseAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "RSA challenge-response authentication"
msgstr "RSA 質疑-應答 認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>PasswordAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>PasswordAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "password based authentication"
msgstr "基於密碼的認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "SSH-2"
msgstr "SSH-2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "public key based user authentication"
msgstr "基於公鑰的使用者認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~/.rhosts</literal>\" or \"<literal>/etc/hosts.equiv</literal>\" "
"based host authentication combined with public key client host "
"authentication (disabled)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>~/.rhosts</literal>\" or \"<literal>/etc/hosts.equiv</literal>\" "
"使用客戶端主機公鑰的主機認證（禁用）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "challenge-response authentication"
msgstr "質疑-應答 認證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Be careful about these differences if you are using a non-Debian system."
msgstr "如果你使用一個非 Debian 的系統，請小心注意這些不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ssh/README.Debian.gz</literal>\", "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-keygen</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"細節參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/ssh/README.Debian.gz</literal>\", "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-keygen</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Following are the key configuration files."
msgstr "下面是祕鑰配置檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of SSH configuration files"
msgstr "SSH 配置檔案列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of configuration file"
msgstr "配置檔案描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"SSH client defaults, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh_config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"SSH 客戶端預設, 參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh_config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"SSH server defaults, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd_config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"SSH 服務端預設, 參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd_config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"default public SSH keys that clients use to connect to this account on this "
"SSH server"
msgstr "該賬戶連線到這個伺服器上的客戶端使用的預設 SSH 公鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/identity</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~/.ssh/identity</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "secret SSH-1 RSA key of the user"
msgstr "使用者的 SSH-1 RSA 私鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "secret SSH-2 RSA key of the user"
msgstr "使用者的 SSH-2 RSA 私鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>~/.ssh/id_dsa</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>~/.ssh/id_dsa</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "secret SSH-2 DSA key of the user"
msgstr "使用者的 SSH-2 DSA 私鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-add</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for how to use public and secret SSH keys."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-add</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來了解怎樣使用 SSH 公鑰和私鑰。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Make sure to verify settings by testing the connection.  In case of any "
"problem, use \"<literal>ssh -v</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"一定要通過連線測試來確認設定。有任何問題的連線，使用 \"<literal>ssh -v</"
"literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can change the pass phrase to encrypt local secret SSH keys later with "
"\"<literal>ssh-keygen -p</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"稍後可以使用 \"<literal>ssh-keygen -p</literal>\" 改變密碼來加密本地 SSH 私"
"鑰."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can add options to the entries in \"<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</"
"literal>\" to limit hosts and to run specific commands.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"你可以在 \"<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</literal>\" 裡給條目增加選項來限制"
"主機和執行特定的命令。細節請參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following starts an <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> connection from a "
"client."
msgstr ""
"從客戶端啟動一個 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 連線."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of SSH client startup examples"
msgstr "SSH 客戶端啟動例子列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ssh username@hostname.domain.ext</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ssh username@hostname.domain.ext</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "connect with default mode"
msgstr "使用預設模式連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ssh -v username@hostname.domain.ext</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ssh -v username@hostname.domain.ext</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "connect with default mode with debugging messages"
msgstr "有詳細資訊的預設連線模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ssh -1 username@hostname.domain.ext</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ssh -1 username@hostname.domain.ext</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "force to connect with SSH version 1"
msgstr "強制使用 SSH 1 版本連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>ssh -1 -o RSAAuthentication=no -l username hostname.domain.ext</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>ssh -1 -o RSAAuthentication=no -l username hostname.domain.ext</"
"literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "force to use password with SSH version 1"
msgstr "SSH 1 版本，強制使用密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -l username hostname."
"domain.ext</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -l username hostname."
"domain.ext</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "force to use password with SSH version 2"
msgstr "SSH 2 版本，強制使用密碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If you use the same user name on the local and the remote host, you can "
#| "eliminate typing \"<literal>username@</literal>\".  Even if you use "
#| "different user name on the local and the remote host, you can eliminate "
#| "it using \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>\".  For <ulink url="
#| "\"&debianaliothservice;\">Debian Alioth service</ulink> with account name "
#| "\"<literal>foo-guest</literal>\", you set \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</"
#| "literal>\" to contain the following."
msgid ""
"If you use the same user name on the local and the remote host, you can "
"eliminate typing \"<literal>username@</literal>\".  Even if you use "
"different user name on the local and the remote host, you can eliminate it "
"using \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>\".  For <ulink url="
"\"&debiansalsaservice;\">Debian Salsa service</ulink> with account name "
"\"<literal>foo-guest</literal>\", you set \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>"
"\" to contain the following."
msgstr ""
"如果本地和遠端主機，使用同樣的使用者名稱，你可以省略輸入 "
"\"<literal>username@</literal>\". 即使在本地和遠端主機使用不同的使用者名稱，"
"你可以使用 \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>\" 來省略輸入使用者名稱.對於 "
"<ulink url=\"&debianaliothservice;\">Debian Alioth 伺服器</ulink>，使用賬戶"
"名 \"<literal>foo-guest</literal>\",你可以設定 \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</"
"literal>\" 包含下面的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "Host alioth.debian.org svn.debian.org git.debian.org\n"
#| "    User foo-guest"
msgid ""
"Host salsa.debian.org people.debian.org\n"
"    User foo-guest"
msgstr ""
"Host alioth.debian.org svn.debian.org git.debian.org\n"
"    User foo-guest"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the user, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> functions as a smarter and more secure "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>.  Unlike <literal>telnet</literal> command, <literal>ssh</"
"literal> command does not stop on the <literal>telnet</literal> escape "
"character (initial default CTRL-])."
msgstr ""
"對於使用者來講, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 功能比"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>telnet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 更加智慧和安全.  不像 <literal>telnet</literal>命令, "
"<literal>ssh</literal> 命令不會在遇到 <literal>telnet</literal> 的退出字元(初"
"始預設是 CTRL-])時停止."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Port forwarding for SMTP/POP3 tunneling"
msgstr "SMTP/POP3 隧道的埠轉發"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To establish a pipe to connect to port 25 of <literal>remote-server</"
"literal> from port 4025 of <literal>localhost</literal>, and to port 110 of "
"<literal>remote-server</literal> from port 4110 of <literal>localhost</"
"literal> through <literal>ssh</literal>, execute on the local host as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>ssh</literal> 建立一個這樣的管道連線，從 <literal>localhost</"
"literal> 的 4025 埠到 <literal>remote-server</literal> 的 25 埠，並從 "
"<literal>localhost</literal> 的 4110 埠到 <literal>remote-server</literal> "
"的 110 埠，請在本機執行如下命令."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ssh -q -L 4025:remote-server:25 4110:remote-server:110 username@remote-server"
msgstr "# ssh -q -L 4025:remote-server:25 4110:remote-server:110 username@remote-server"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is a secure way to make connections to SMTP/POP3 servers over the "
"Internet.  Set the \"<literal>AllowTcpForwarding</literal>\" entry to "
"\"<literal>yes</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>\" of "
"the remote host."
msgstr ""
"這是跨越因特網建立 SMTP/POP3 服務連線的安全方法。在遠端主機\"<literal>/etc/"
"ssh/sshd_config</literal>\"裡設定\"<literal>AllowTcpForwarding</literal>\"條"
"目為 \"<literal>yes</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Connecting without remote passwords"
msgstr "免密碼遠端連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"One can avoid having to remember passwords for remote systems by using "
"\"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\" (SSH-1 protocol) or "
"\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\" (SSH-2 protocol)."
msgstr ""
"使用 \"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\" (SSH-1 協議) 或 "
"\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\" (SSH-2 協議)，人們可以避免記住遠"
"端系統的密碼."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"On the remote system, set the respective entries, "
"\"<literal>RSAAuthentication yes</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication yes</literal>\", in \"<literal>/etc/ssh/"
"sshd_config</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在遠端系統的\"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>\"裡，設定相應的條目, "
"\"<literal>RSAAuthentication yes</literal>\" 或 "
"\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication yes</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Generate authentication keys locally and install the public key on the "
"remote system by the following."
msgstr "在本地生成授權祕鑰對，並安裝公鑰到遠端系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\": RSA key for SSH-1 (deprecated "
"because it is superseded.)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>RSAAuthentication</literal>\": SSH-1 的 RSA key  (不建議使用，因為"
"已被廢棄.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh-keygen\n"
"$ cat .ssh/identity.pub | ssh user1@remote \"cat - &gt;&gt;.ssh/authorized_keys\""
msgstr ""
"$ ssh-keygen\n"
"$ cat .ssh/identity.pub | ssh user1@remote \"cat - &gt;&gt;.ssh/authorized_keys\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\": RSA key for SSH-2"
msgstr "\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\": SSH-2 的 RSA key"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh-keygen -t rsa\n"
"$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user1@remote \"cat - &gt;&gt;.ssh/authorized_keys\""
msgstr ""
"$ ssh-keygen -t rsa\n"
"$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user1@remote \"cat - &gt;&gt;.ssh/authorized_keys\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\": DSA key for SSH-2 (deprecated "
"because it is slow.)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>PubkeyAuthentication</literal>\": SSH-2 的 DSA key(不建議，因為"
"慢.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh-keygen -t dsa\n"
"$ cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh user1@remote \"cat - &gt;&gt;.ssh/authorized_keys\""
msgstr ""
"$ ssh-keygen -t dsa\n"
"$ cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh user1@remote \"cat - &gt;&gt;.ssh/authorized_keys\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use of DSA key for SSH-2 is deprecated because key is smaller and slow. "
"There are no more reasons to work around RSA patent using DSA since it has "
"been expired.  DSA stands for <ulink url=\"&digitalsignaturealgorithm;"
"\">Digital Signature Algorithm</ulink> and is slow. Also see <ulink url="
"\"&dsabfhbb;\">DSA-1571-1</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"使用 SSH-2 的 DSA key 是不建議的，應為 key 較小並且慢。由於 RSA 專利已經過"
"期，沒有理由使用 DSA 來作為規避 RSA 專利的臨時措施。DSA 表示 <ulink url="
"\"&digitalsignaturealgorithm;\">Digital Signature Algorithm</ulink>，速度慢。"
"同時參見 <ulink url=\"&dsabfhbb;\">DSA-1571-1</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For \"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\" to work in SSH-2, you "
"must adjust the settings of \"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\" "
"to \"<literal>yes</literal>\" in both \"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</"
"literal>\" on the server host and \"<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</literal>\" "
"or \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>\" on the client host."
msgstr ""
"為了讓 \"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\" 在 SSH-2 下執行,你必須"
"同時調整服務端主機 \"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>\"  和 客戶機 "
"\"<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</"
"literal>\"  的 \"<literal>HostbasedAuthentication</literal>\" 配置為 "
"\"<literal>yes</literal>\" 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Dealing with alien SSH clients"
msgstr "處理其它 SSH 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are some free <ulink url=\"&ssh;\">SSH</ulink> clients available for "
"other platforms."
msgstr "其它平臺上有一些免費的 <ulink url=\"&ssh;\">SSH</ulink> 客戶端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of free SSH clients for other platforms"
msgstr "其它平臺上免費 SSH 客戶端列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "environment"
msgstr "環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "free SSH program"
msgstr "免費 SSH 程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Windows"
msgstr "Windows"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"puTTY (<ulink url=\"&httpwwwchiarkgreguksgtathamputty;\">http://www.chiark."
"greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/</ulink>) (GPL)"
msgstr ""
"puTTY (<ulink url=\"&httpwwwchiarkgreguksgtathamputty;\">http://www.chiark."
"greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/</ulink>) (GPL)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Windows (cygwin)"
msgstr "Windows (cygwin)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"SSH in cygwin (<ulink url=\"&httpwwwcygwincom;\">http://www.cygwin.com/</"
"ulink>) (GPL)"
msgstr ""
"cygwin 裡的 SSH (<ulink url=\"&httpwwwcygwincom;\">http://www.cygwin.com/</"
"ulink>) (GPL)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Macintosh Classic"
msgstr "Macintosh 類"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"macSSH (<ulink url=\"&httpwwwmacsshcom;\">http://www.macssh.com/</ulink>) "
"(GPL)"
msgstr ""
"macSSH (<ulink url=\"&httpwwwmacsshcom;\">http://www.macssh.com/</ulink>) "
"(GPL)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Mac OS X"
msgstr "Mac OS X"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "OpenSSH; use <literal>ssh</literal> in the Terminal application (GPL)"
msgstr "OpenSSH;在終端應用中使用 <literal>ssh</literal> (GPL)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Setting up ssh-agent"
msgstr "建立 ssh 代理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is safer to protect your SSH authentication secret keys with a pass "
"phrase.  If a pass phrase was not set, use \"<literal>ssh-keygen -p</literal>"
"\" to set it."
msgstr ""
"用密碼來保護你的 SSH 認證私鑰是安全的。如果密碼沒有設定，使用 \"<literal>ssh-"
"keygen -p</literal>\" 來設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Place your public SSH key (e.g.  \"<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</literal>\") "
"into \"<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</literal>\" on a remote host using a "
"password-based connection to the remote host as described above."
msgstr ""
"把你的公鑰 (比如：\"<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</literal>\") 放到遠端主機的"
"\"<literal>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</literal>\"，這個遠端主機使用上面描述的基於"
"密碼的連線方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh-agent bash\n"
"$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa\n"
"Enter passphrase for /home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/id_rsa:\n"
"Identity added: /home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/id_rsa)"
msgstr ""
"$ ssh-agent bash\n"
"$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa\n"
"Enter passphrase for /home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/id_rsa:\n"
"Identity added: /home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/id_rsa)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "No remote password needed from here on for the next command."
msgstr "從這裡執行接下來的命令，就不再需要密碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ scp foo &lt;username&gt;@remote.host:foo"
msgstr "$ scp foo &lt;username&gt;@remote.host:foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Press ^D to terminating ssh-agent session."
msgstr "按 ^D 來終結 ssh 代理會話。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the X server, the normal Debian startup script executes <literal>ssh-"
"agent</literal> as the parent process.  So you only need to execute "
"<literal>ssh-add</literal> once. For more, read "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-add</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"對於 X 服務端，通常的 Debian 啟動指令碼會作為父程序執行 <literal>ssh-agent</"
"literal>。所以你只需要執行一次 <literal>ssh-add</literal>。進一步的資訊，請閱"
"讀 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh-add</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "How to shutdown the remote system on SSH"
msgstr "怎樣通過 SSH 關閉遠端系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to protect the process doing \"<literal>shutdown -h now</literal>"
"\" (see <xref linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_system\"/>) from the "
"termination of SSH using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_scheduling_tasks_once\"/>) by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_scheduling_tasks_once"
"\"/>)來從 SSH 終端裡保護\"<literal>shutdown -h now</literal>\" (參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_how_to_shutdown_the_system\"/>)操作過程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo \"shutdown -h now\" | at now"
msgstr "# echo \"shutdown -h now\" | at now"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Running \"<literal>shutdown -h now</literal>\" in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (see <xref linkend=\"_the_screen_program\"/>) session is "
"another way to do the same."
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_screen_program\"/>) 會話"
"裡執行 \"<literal>shutdown -h now</literal>\"，是另外一個方法來做這同樣的事"
"情。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Troubleshooting SSH"
msgstr "SSH 故障排查"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have problems, check the permissions of configuration files and run "
"<literal>ssh</literal> with the \"<literal>-v</literal>\" option."
msgstr ""
"如果你遇到問題，檢查配置檔案的許可權並用 \"<literal>-v</literal>\"  選項執行 "
"<literal>ssh</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use the \"<literal>-p</literal>\" option if you are root and have trouble "
"with a firewall; this avoids the use of server ports 1 — 1023."
msgstr ""
"如果你是 root 賬戶，並有使用防火牆，使用 \"<literal>-p</literal>\" 選項; 這可"
"以避免使用1 — 1023 之間的服務埠."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If <literal>ssh</literal> connections to a remote site suddenly stop "
"working, it may be the result of tinkering by the sysadmin, most likely a "
"change in \"<literal>host_key</literal>\" during system maintenance.  After "
"making sure this is the case and nobody is trying to fake the remote host by "
"some clever hack, one can regain a connection by removing the "
"\"<literal>host_key</literal>\" entry from \"<literal>~/.ssh/known_hosts</"
"literal>\" on the local host."
msgstr ""
"如果 <literal>ssh</literal> 連線到遠端站點突然停止工作，這也許是系統管理員胡"
"亂操作的結果，可能是在系統維護時改變了 \"<literal>host_key</literal>\". 在確"
"認這個情況後，並且沒有人試圖用聰明的黑客技術來篡改遠端主機，你可以在本機 "
"\"<literal>~/.ssh/known_hosts</literal>\" 裡刪除  \"<literal>host_key</"
"literal>\" 條目來重新獲得連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Other network application servers"
msgstr "其它網路應用服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Here are other network application servers."
msgstr "這裡是其它網路應用服務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of other network application servers"
msgstr "其它網路應用服務列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "protocol"
msgstr "協議"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&telnet;\">TELNET</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&telnet;\">TELNET</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "TELNET server"
msgstr "TELNET 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ", , (SSL support)"
msgstr "TELNET 服務( 支援SSL)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Unix file sharing"
msgstr "Unix 檔案共享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&smb;\">SMB</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&smb;\">SMB</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Windows file and printer sharing"
msgstr "Windows 檔案和列印共享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&atp;\">ATP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&atp;\">ATP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Apple/Mac file and printer sharing (AppleTalk)"
msgstr "Apple/Mac 檔案和列印共享(AppleTalk)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ftp;\">FTP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ftp;\">FTP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "General file download"
msgstr "通用檔案下載"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&http;\">HTTP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&http;\">HTTP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "General web server"
msgstr "通用 web 伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "General web <ulink url=\"&proxyserver;\">proxy server</ulink>"
msgstr "通用 web <ulink url=\"&proxyserver;\">代理伺服器</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "IP address for other hosts"
msgstr "其它主機的 IP 地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "IP address of client itself"
msgstr "客戶端自身的 IP 地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Common Internet File System Protocol (CIFS) is the same protocol as <ulink "
"url=\"&servermessageblocksmb;\">Server Message Block (SMB)</ulink> and is "
"used widely by Microsoft Windows."
msgstr ""
"通用網際網路檔案系統協議(CIFS) 和<ulink url=\"&servermessageblocksmb;\">服務"
"訊息塊(SMB)</ulink> 協議一樣，被微軟 Windows 廣泛應用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_the_modern_centralized_system_management\"/> for "
"integration of server systems."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_modern_centralized_system_management\"/> 服務系統整"
"合。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The hostname resolution is usually provided by the <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</"
"ulink> server.  For the host IP address dynamically assigned by <ulink url="
"\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&dynamicdns;\">Dynamic DNS</ulink> can "
"be set up for the hostname resolution using <literal>bind9</literal> and "
"<literal>isc-dhcp-server</literal> as described in the <ulink url="
"\"&ddnspageonthedebianwiki;\">DDNS page on the Debian wiki</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"主機名解析通常由 <ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> 服務提供. 對於由 <ulink "
"url=\"&dhcp;\">DHCP</ulink> 動態分配的主機 IP 地址, <ulink url=\"&dynamicdns;"
"\">動態 DNS</ulink> 能夠使用 <literal>bind9</literal> 和<literal>isc-dhcp-"
"server</literal> 建立主機名解析，<ulink url=\"&ddnspageonthedebianwiki;"
"\">Debian wiki 的 DDNS 頁</ulink> 有說明."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use of proxy server such as <literal>squid</literal> is much more efficient "
"for saving bandwidth than use of local mirror server with the full Debian "
"archive contents."
msgstr ""
"使用 <literal>squid</literal> 之類的代理伺服器，和使用 Debian 文件庫的完全本"
"地映象伺服器相比，能夠大量節省頻寬。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Other network application clients"
msgstr "其它網路應用客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Here are other network application clients."
msgstr "這裡是其它網路應用客戶端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of network application clients"
msgstr "網路應用客戶端列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&tcpip;\">TCP/IP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&tcpip;\">TCP/IP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "TCP/IP swiss army knife"
msgstr "TCP/IP 瑞士軍刀"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ssl;\">SSL</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ssl;\">SSL</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Secure Socket Layer (SSL) binary and related cryptographic tools"
msgstr "安全套接字層 (SSL)二進位制和相關的加密工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "universal SSL Wrapper"
msgstr "通用 SSL 封裝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "TELNET client"
msgstr "TELNET 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MS Windows file and printer sharing client"
msgstr "微軟 Windows 檔案和列印共享客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mount and umount commands for remote MS Windows file"
msgstr "遠端微軟 Windows 檔案系統掛載和解除安裝命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "FTP client"
msgstr "FTP 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full screen FTP client"
msgstr "全屏 FTP 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&http;\">HTTP</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&ftp;\">FTP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&http;\">HTTP</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&ftp;\">FTP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "web downloader"
msgstr "web 下載工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "accelerated downloader"
msgstr "下載加速器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"accelerated downloader with <ulink url=\"&bittorrent;\">BitTorrent</ulink> "
"and <ulink url=\"&metalink;\">Metalink</ulink> supports"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bittorrent;\">BitTorrent</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&metalink;"
"\">Metalink</ulink> 支援的下載加速器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> from bind9, \"<literal>Priority: standard</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"來自  bind9 的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>host</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, \"<literal>Priority: "
"standard</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> from bind, \"<literal>Priority: standard</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"來自 bind 的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, \"<literal>Priority: standard</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "obtain IP address"
msgstr "獲得 IP 地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ldap;\">LDAP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ldap;\">LDAP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "obtain data from LDAP server"
msgstr "從 LDAP 服務獲取資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The diagnosis of the system daemons"
msgstr "系統後臺守護程序（daemon）診斷"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>telnet</literal> program enables manual connection to the "
"system daemons and its diagnosis."
msgstr ""
"<literal>telnet</literal> 程式能夠手工連線到系統後臺守護程序（daemon），並進"
"行診斷。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For testing plain <ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> service, try the "
"following"
msgstr "測試純 <ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> 服務，嘗試用下面的操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ telnet mail.ispname.net pop3"
msgstr "$ telnet mail.ispname.net pop3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For testing the <ulink url=\"&tls;\">TLS</ulink>/SSL enabled <ulink url="
"\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> service by some ISPs, you need TLS/SSL enabled "
"<literal>telnet</literal> client by the <literal>telnet-ssl</literal> or "
"<literal>openssl</literal> packages."
msgstr ""
"部分 ISP 提供 <ulink url=\"&tls;\">TLS</ulink>/SSL 加密的<ulink url=\"&popd;"
"\">POP3</ulink> 服務，為了測試它，你需要用到 <literal>telnet-ssl</literal> 包"
"裡支援 TLS/SSL 的 <literal>telnet</literal> 客戶端，或 <literal>openssl</"
"literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ telnet -z ssl pop.gmail.com 995"
msgstr "$ telnet -z ssl pop.gmail.com 995"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ openssl s_client -connect pop.gmail.com:995"
msgstr "$ openssl s_client -connect pop.gmail.com:995"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following <ulink url=\"&rfcs;\">RFCs</ulink> provide required knowledge "
"to each system daemon."
msgstr ""
"下面的 <ulink url=\"&rfcs;\">RFCs</ulink> 提供每一個系統後臺守護程序"
"（daemon）所需要的知識。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of popular RFCs"
msgstr "常用 RFC 列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "RFC"
msgstr "RFC"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&rfcbjdj;\">rfc1939</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&rfcceej;"
"\">rfc2449</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&rfcbjdj;\">rfc1939</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&rfcceej;"
"\">rfc2449</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&popd;\">POP3</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rfcdfab;\">rfc3501</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rfcdfab;\">rfc3501</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&imape;\">IMAP4</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&imape;\">IMAP4</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&rfccicb;\">rfc2821</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcicb;\">rfc821</"
"ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&rfccicb;\">rfc2821</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcicb;\">rfc821</"
"ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">rfc2822</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcicc;\">rfc822</"
"ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&rfccicc;\">rfc2822</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&rfcicc;\">rfc822</"
"ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Mail file format"
msgstr "郵件檔案格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rfccaef;\">rfc2045</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rfccaef;\">rfc2045</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&multipurposeinteilextensionsmime;\">Multipurpose Internet Mail "
"Extensions (MIME)</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&multipurposeinteilextensionsmime;\">多用途網際網路郵件擴充套件 "
"(MIME)</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rfcibj;\">rfc819</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rfcibj;\">rfc819</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dns;\">DNS</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rfccgbg;\">rfc2616</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rfccgbg;\">rfc2616</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&http;\">HTTP</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&http;\">HTTP</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rfccdjg;\">rfc2396</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rfccdjg;\">rfc2396</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&uri;\">URI</ulink> definition"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&uri;\">URI</ulink> 定義"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "The port usage is described in \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\"."
msgstr "在 \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\" 裡，描述了埠用途."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "The X Window System"
msgstr "X 視窗系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X Window System</ulink> on the Debian "
"system is based on the source from <ulink url=\"&xorg;\">X.Org</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Debian 上的 <ulink url=\"&xwindowsystem;\">X 視窗系統</ulink>基於 <ulink url="
"\"&xorg;\">X.Org</ulink> 的原始碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Key packages"
msgstr "關鍵軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "There are a few (meta)packages provided to ease installation."
msgstr "這裡有一些用於簡易安裝的（元）軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of key (meta)packages for X Window"
msgstr "X 視窗的關鍵（元）軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "(meta)package"
msgstr "（元）軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"X libraries, an X server, a set of fonts, and a group of basic X clients and "
"utilities (metapackage)"
msgstr ""
"X 庫、一個 X 伺服器、一系列字型以及一組基礎的 X 客戶端和工具（元軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full suite of the X server and its configuration"
msgstr "X 伺服器的全部套件及其配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "miscellaneous assortment of X clients (metapackage)"
msgstr "各種 X 客戶端（元軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "filesystem infrastructure for the X Window System"
msgstr "X 視窗系統的檔案系統的基礎設施"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "miscellaneous documentation for the X.Org software suite"
msgstr "X.Org 軟體套件的各種文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "generate the Debian menu for all menu-aware applications"
msgstr "為理解選單的應用生成Debian選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"convert the Debian menu structure to the <ulink url=\"&freedesktoporg;"
"\">freedesktop.org</ulink> xdg menu structure"
msgstr ""
"將 Debian 選單結構轉換為 <ulink url=\"&freedesktoporg;\">freedesktop.org</"
"ulink> xdg 選單結構"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities to integrate desktop environment provided by the <ulink url="
"\"&freedesktoporg;\">freedesktop.org</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&freedesktoporg;\">freedesktop.org</ulink> 提供的整合桌面環境的"
"工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"standard <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> desktop environment "
"(metapackage)"
msgstr "標準 <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> 桌面環境（元軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "core <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink> desktop environment (metapackage)"
msgstr "核心 <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink> 桌面環境（元軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&xfce;\">Xfce</ulink> lightweight desktop environment "
"(metapackage)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&xfce;\">Xfce</ulink> 輕量級桌面環境（元軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&lxde;\">LXDE</ulink> lightweight desktop environment "
"(metapackage)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&lxde;\">LXDE</ulink> 輕量級桌面環境（元軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&fluxbox;\">Fluxbox</ulink>: package for highly configurable "
"and low resource <ulink url=\"&xwindowmanager;\">X window manager</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&fluxbox;\">Fluxbox</ulink>：可配置度高且資源耗費低的 <ulink "
"url=\"&xwindowmanager;\">X 視窗管理器</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the basics of X, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>X</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <ulink url="
"\"&theldpxwindowuserhowto;\">the LDP XWindow-User-HOWTO</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"關於 X 基礎知識，請參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>X</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&theldpxwindowuserhowto;\">the LDP XWindow-User-HOWTO</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Setting up desktop environment"
msgstr "設定桌面環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"A <ulink url=\"&desktopenvironment;\">desktop environment</ulink> is usually "
"a combination of a <ulink url=\"&xwindowmanager;\">X window manager</ulink>, "
"a file manager, and a suite of compatible utility programs."
msgstr ""
"一個 <ulink url=\"&desktopenvironment;\">桌面環境</ulink> 通常是一個 <ulink "
"url=\"&xwindowmanager;\">X 視窗管理器</ulink>、一個檔案管理器和一套相容的實用"
"程式組合而成。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can setup a full <ulink url=\"&desktopenvironment;\">desktop "
"environment</ulink> such as <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&xfce;\">Xfce</ulink>, or <ulink url="
"\"&lxde;\">LXDE</ulink>, from the <literal>aptitude</literal> under the task "
"menu."
msgstr ""
"你能夠在 <literal>aptitude</literal> 的任務選單下安裝全部的<ulink url="
"\"&desktopenvironment;\">桌面環境</ulink>，例如 <ulink url=\"&gnome;"
"\">GNOME</ulink>，<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink>，<ulink url=\"&xfce;"
"\">Xfce</ulink> 或者 <ulink url=\"&lxde;\">LXDE</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Task menu may be out of sync with the latest package transition state under "
"Debian <literal>unstable</literal>/<literal>testing</literal> environment. "
"In such situation, you need to deselect some (meta)packages listed under "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> task menu to avoid package conflicts.  When "
"deselecting (meta)packages, you must select certain packages providing their "
"dependencies manually to avoid them deleted automatically."
msgstr ""
"在Debian <literal>unstable</literal>/<literal>testing</literal>下，任務選單可"
"能與最新的軟體包過渡狀態不同步。在這種情況下，您需要取消選擇"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>任務選單下列出的一些（元)包。當取消選擇 （元） 軟體"
"包時，您必須選擇那些提供依賴項手動操作的軟體包，避免它們被自動刪除。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may alternatively setup a simple environment manually just with a <ulink "
"url=\"&xwindowmanager;\">X window manager</ulink> such as <ulink url="
"\"&fluxbox;\">Fluxbox</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"你也可以手動只建立一個 <ulink url=\"&xwindowmanager;\">X 視窗管理器</ulink>，"
"例如 <ulink url=\"&fluxbox;\">Fluxbox</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&windowmanagersforx;\">Window Managers for X</ulink> for "
"the guide to the X window manager and the desktop environment."
msgstr ""
"關於 X 視窗管理器和桌面環境的介紹，參見 <ulink url=\"&windowmanagersforx;"
"\">Window Managers for X</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debian menu"
msgstr "Debian 選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianmenusystem;\">Debian menu system</ulink> provides a "
"general interface for both text- and X-oriented programs with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-menus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> from the <literal>menu</literal> package.  Each "
"package installs its menu data in the \"<literal>/usr/share/menu/</literal>"
"\" directory. See \"<literal>/usr/share/menu/README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianmenusystem;\">Debian 菜單系統</ulink>從 <literal>menu</"
"literal> 軟體包中為帶有 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-menus</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的文字和 X 程式提供了一"
"個通用介面。每個軟體包都會將它的選單資料安裝到 “<literal>/usr/share/menu/</"
"literal>” 目錄。參見 “<literal>/usr/share/menu/README</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Freedesktop.org menu"
msgstr "Freedesktop.org 選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each package which is compliant to Freedesktop.org's xdg menu system "
"installs its menu data provided by \"<literal>*.desktop</literal>\" under "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/applications/</literal>\". Modern desktop environments "
"which are compliant to Freedesktop.org standard use these data to generate "
"their menu using the <literal>xdg-utils</literal> package.  See \"<literal>/"
"usr/share/doc/xdg-utils/README</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"每個遵從 Freedesktop.org xdg 選單的軟體包都會將由 “<literal>*.desktop</"
"literal>” 提供的選單資料安裝到 “<literal>/usr/share/applications/</literal>” "
"下。符合 Freedesktop.org 標準的現代桌面環境會利用它們的資料使用 <literal>xdg-"
"utils</literal> 軟體包生成選單。參見 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/xdg-utils/"
"README</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debian menu from Freedesktop.org menu"
msgstr "從 Freedesktop.org 選單到 Debian 選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to access the traditional Debian menu from the <ulink url="
"\"&freedesktoporgmenu;\">Freedesktop.org menu</ulink> compliant window "
"manager environment such as GNOME and KDE, you must install the "
"<literal>menu-xdg</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"為了從遵從 <ulink url=\"&freedesktoporgmenu;\">Freedesktop.org 選單</ulink>的"
"視窗管理器環境（例如 GNOME 和 KDE）訪問傳統的 Debian 選單，你必須安裝 "
"<literal>menu-xdg</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The server/client relationship"
msgstr "伺服器/客戶端關係"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The X Window System is activated as a combination of the server and client "
"programs. The meaning for the words <emphasis role=\"strong\">server</"
"emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">client</emphasis> with respect to "
"the words <emphasis role=\"strong\">local</emphasis> and <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">remote</emphasis> requires attention here."
msgstr ""
"X Window系統作為服務和客戶端程式的組合被啟動.  在這裡，<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">server</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\">client</emphasis>的"
"意義需要和<emphasis role=\"strong\">local</emphasis>和<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">remote</emphasis>區分開來."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of server/client terminology"
msgstr "伺服器/客戶端術語表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">X server</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">X 伺服器</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"a program run on a <emphasis role=\"strong\">local host</emphasis> connected "
"to the user's display and input devices."
msgstr ""
"一個執行在<emphasis role=\"strong\">本地主機</emphasis>上的程式，連線了使用者"
"的顯示和輸入裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">X client</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">X 客戶端</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"a program run on a <emphasis role=\"strong\">remote host</emphasis> that "
"processes data and talks to the X server."
msgstr ""
"一個執行在<emphasis role=\"strong\">遠端主機</emphasis>上的程式，它會與 X 伺"
"服器進行資料的處理和傳輸。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">application server</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">應用程式伺服器</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"a program run on a <emphasis role=\"strong\">remote host</emphasis> that "
"processes data and talks to the application clients."
msgstr ""
"一個執行在<emphasis role=\"strong\">遠端主機</emphasis>上的程式，會與應用程式"
"客戶端進行資料處理和傳輸。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">application client</emphasis>"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">應用程式客戶端</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Modern X servers have <ulink url=\"&themitsharedmemoryextension;\">the MIT "
"Shared Memory Extension</ulink> and communicate with their local X clients "
"using the local shared memory.  This bypasses the network transparent Xlib "
"interprocess communication channel and gains performance for large images."
msgstr ""
"現代X伺服器具有<ulink url=\"&themitsharedmemoryextension;\"> MIT 共享記憶體擴"
"充套件 </ulink> ，他們和本地X客戶端通過本地共享記憶體進行通訊. 這就繞過了網路"
"透明的Xlib程序間通訊通道，提升了大型影象的處理效能."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The X server"
msgstr "X 伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xorg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for X server information."
msgstr ""
"關於 X 伺服器的資訊，參見<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xorg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The (re)configuration of the X server"
msgstr "X 伺服器的（重新）配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following (re)configures an X server."
msgstr "使用下面命令（重新）配置一個 X 伺服器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low x11-common"
msgstr "# dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low x11-common"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Recent Linux kernels have good graphics and input device supports with "
"<ulink url=\"&drm;\">DRM</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kms;\">KMS</ulink>, and "
"<ulink url=\"&udev;\">udev</ulink>.  X server is rewritten to use them.  So "
"\"<literal>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</literal>\" is usually not present on your "
"system.  These parameters are configured by the kernel.  See \"<literal>fb/"
"modedb.txt</literal>\" in the Linux kernel documentation."
msgstr ""
"新的 Linux 核心使用 <ulink url=\"&drm;\">DRM</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&kms;"
"\">KMS</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&udev;\">udev</ulink>，對圖形和輸入裝置進行了"
"良好的支援。X 伺服器被重寫以使用它們。因此 “<literal>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</"
"literal>” 通常不存在於你的系統中。這些引數由核心進行配置。參見 Linux 核心文件"
"中的 “<literal>fb/modedb.txt</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the large high resolution CRT monitor, it is a good idea to set the "
"refresh rate as high as your monitor can handle (85 Hz is great, 75 Hz is "
"OK) to reduce flicker.  For the LCD monitor, slower standard refresh rate "
"(60Hz) is usually fine due to its slow response."
msgstr ""
"對於高解析度的 CRT 大顯示器，最好將將重新整理率設定為顯示器支援的最高值（85 "
"Hz 不錯，75 Hz 也行）以減少閃爍。對於 LCD 顯示器，較慢的標準重新整理率（60 "
"Hz）就可以了，因為它的反應較慢。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Be careful not to use too high refresh rate which may cause fatal hardware "
"failure of your monitor system."
msgstr ""
"當心，別使用過高的重新整理率，這可能會導致你的顯示器系統發生重大的硬體故障。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The connection methods to the X server"
msgstr "連線到 X 伺服器的方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several ways of getting the \"X server\" (<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">display</emphasis> side) to accept connections from an \"X client"
"\" (<emphasis role=\"strong\">application</emphasis> side)."
msgstr ""
"這裡有一些方式，可以使 “X 伺服器”（<emphasis role=\"strong\">顯示</emphasis>"
"端）接受來自 “X 客戶端”（<emphasis role=\"strong\">應用</emphasis>端）的連"
"線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of connection methods to the X server"
msgstr "連線到 X 伺服器的方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "encryption"
msgstr "加密"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "method"
msgstr "方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "pertinent use"
msgstr "相關使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "unchecked"
msgstr "不檢查"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "no"
msgstr "無"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xhost</literal> command"
msgstr "<literal>xhost</literal> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "deprecated"
msgstr "棄用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "checked"
msgstr "檢查"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xauth</literal> command"
msgstr "<literal>xauth</literal> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "local connection via pipe"
msgstr "通過管道進行本地連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "yes"
msgstr "有"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ssh -X</literal> command"
msgstr "<literal>ssh -X</literal> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remote network connection"
msgstr "遠端網路連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "no (XDMCP)"
msgstr "無（XDMCP）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNOME display manager"
msgstr "GNOME 顯示管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KDE display manager"
msgstr "KDE 顯示管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "X display manager"
msgstr "X 顯示管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "WindowMaker display manager"
msgstr "WindowMaker 顯示管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LTSP display manager"
msgstr "LTSP 顯示管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remote SSH network connection (thin client)"
msgstr "遠端 SSH 網路連線（瘦客戶端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use remote <ulink url=\"&tcp;\">TCP</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&ip;\">IP</"
"ulink> connection over <emphasis role=\"strong\">unsecured</emphasis> "
"network for X connection unless you have very good reason such as use of "
"encryption.  A remote TCP/IP socket connection without encryption is prone "
"to the <emphasis role=\"strong\">eavesdropping attack</emphasis> and is "
"disabled by default on the Debian system.  Use \"<literal>ssh -X</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"不要在<emphasis role=\"strong\">不安全</emphasis>的網路中使用遠端 <ulink url="
"\"&tcp;\">TCP</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&ip;\">IP</ulink> 進行 X 連線，除非你有非"
"常好的理由，例如使用了加密。未加密的遠端 TCP/IP socket 連線容易遭到<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">竊聽攻擊</emphasis>並且 Debian 系統預設禁用了它。請使用 "
"“<literal>ssh -X</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use <ulink url=\"&xdmcpconnection;\">XDMCP connection</ulink> over "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">unsecured</emphasis> network either.  It sends "
"data via <ulink url=\"&udp;\">UDP</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&ip;\">IP</ulink> "
"without encryption and is prone to the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">eavesdropping attack</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"也不要在<emphasis role=\"strong\">不安全</emphasis>的網路中使用 <ulink url="
"\"&xdmcpconnection;\">XDMCP 連線</ulink>。它通過未加密的 <ulink url=\"&udp;"
"\">UDP</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&ip;\">IP</ulink> 傳輸資料，很容易遭到<emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">竊聽攻擊</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"LTSP stands for <ulink url=\"&linuxterminalserverproject;\">Linux Terminal "
"Server Project</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"LTSP 代表 <ulink url=\"&linuxterminalserverproject;\">Linux 終端伺服器專案"
"（Linux Terminal Server Project）</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Starting the X Window System"
msgstr "啟動 X 視窗系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The X Window System is usually started as an <ulink url=\"&xsession;\">X "
"session</ulink> which is the combination of an X server and connecting X "
"clients.  For the normal desktop system, both of them are executed on a "
"workstation."
msgstr ""
"X 視窗系統通常是作為 <ulink url=\"&xsession;\">X 會話</ulink>啟動的，X 會話"
"是 由 X 伺服器和連線客戶端組成的。對於常規的桌面系統，它們兩個都是在一個工作"
"站上執行的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&xsession;\">X session</ulink> is started by one of the "
"following."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&xsession;\">X 會話</ulink> 由以下方式之一啟動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>startx</literal> command started from the command line"
msgstr "從命令列用 <literal>startx</literal> 命令啟動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "One of the <ulink url=\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X display manager</ulink> "
#| "daemon programs <literal>*dm</literal> started from the end of the start "
#| "up script in \"<literal>/etc/rc?.d/</literal>\" (\"<literal>?</literal>\" "
#| "corresponding to the runlevel) directory"
msgid ""
"One of the <ulink url=\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X display manager</ulink> daemon "
"programs <literal>*dm</literal> started by <literal>systemd</literal> based "
"on the dependency of \"<literal>graphical.target</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"從 “<literal>/etc/rc?.d/</literal>”（“<literal>?</literal>” 對應執行級別）目"
"錄中的啟動指令碼末尾使用 <ulink url=\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X 顯示管理器</"
"ulink> 後臺守護程序（daemon）程式 <literal>*.dm</literal> 啟動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The start up script for the display manager daemons checks the content of "
"the \"<literal>/etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>\" file before "
"actually executing themselves.  This ensures to have only one <ulink url="
"\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X display manager</ulink> daemon program activated."
msgstr ""
"顯示管理器後臺守護程序（daemon）的啟動指令碼在實際執行它們自己時會檢查 "
"“<literal>/etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>” 檔案的內容。這可以確保"
"只有一個 <ulink url=\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X 顯示管理器</ulink> 後臺守護程序"
"（daemon）程式被啟用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_specific_locale_only_under_x_window\"/> for initial "
"environment variables of the X display manager."
msgstr ""
"關於 X 顯示管理器的初始環境變數，參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_specific_locale_only_under_x_window\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Essentially, all these programs execute the \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</"
"literal>\" script.  Then the \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>\" script "
"performs <citerefentry><refentrytitle>run-parts</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> like action to execute scripts in the \"<literal>/"
"etc/X11/Xsession.d/</literal>\" directory. This is essentially an execution "
"of the first program which is found in the following order by the "
"<literal>exec</literal> builtin command."
msgstr ""
"本質上，所有的這些程式都是執行 “<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>” 指令"
"碼。之後 “<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>” 指令碼通過 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>run-parts</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 執行 “<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession.d/</literal>” 目錄"
"中的指令碼。這本質上是通過 內建的 <literal>exec</literal> 命令執行按下面順序"
"第一個被找到的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The script specified as the argument of \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</"
"literal>\" by the X display manager, if it is defined."
msgstr ""
"X顯示管理器呼叫\"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>\" 的引數中指定的指令"
"碼, 如果他被定義了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>~/.xsession</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.Xsession</literal>\" "
"script, if it is defined."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>~/.xsession</literal>” 或 “<literal>~/.Xsession</literal>” 指令碼，"
"如果它被定義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/usr/bin/x-session-manager</literal>\" command, if it is "
"defined."
msgstr "“<literal>/usr/bin/x-session-manager</literal>” 命令，如果它被定義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/usr/bin/x-window-manager</literal>\" command, if it is "
"defined."
msgstr "“<literal>/usr/bin/x-window-manager</literal>” 命令，如果它被定義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator</literal>\" command, if it is "
"defined."
msgstr "“<literal>/usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator</literal>” 命令，如果它被定義。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This process is affected by the content of \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession."
"options</literal>\".  The exact programs to which these \"<literal>/usr/bin/"
"x-*</literal>\" commands point, are determined by the Debian alternatives "
"system and changed by \"<literal>update-alternatives --config x-session-"
"manager</literal>\", etc."
msgstr ""
"這個過程會受 “<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession.options</literal>” 的影"
"響。“<literal>/usr/bin/x-*</literal>” 命令所指向的準確程式，是由 Debian 選擇"
"系統決定的，並且可以通過 “<literal>update-alternatives --config x-session-"
"manager</literal>” 修改。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xsession</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"細節參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xsession</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Starting X session with gdm3"
msgstr "使用 gdm3 啟動 X 會話"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> lets you select the session type (or desktop environment: "
"<xref linkend=\"_setting_up_desktop_environment\"/>), and language (or "
"locale: <xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>) of the X session from its menu.  It "
"keeps the selected default value in \"<literal>~/.dmrc</literal>\" as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 讓你從它的選單中選擇會話型別（或桌面環境：<xref linkend="
"\"_setting_up_desktop_environment\"/>），還有 X 會話的語言（或語言環境："
"<xref linkend=\"_the_locale\"/>） 。它在 “<literal>~/.dmrc</literal>” 中像下"
"面那樣設定選擇的預設值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[Desktop]\n"
"Session=default\n"
"Language=ja_JP.UTF-8"
msgstr ""
"[Desktop]\n"
"Session=default\n"
"Language=ja_JP.UTF-8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customizing the X session (classic method)"
msgstr "自定義 X 會話（經典方式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"On a system where \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession.options</literal>\" contains "
"a line \"<literal>allow-user-xsession</literal>\" without preceding "
"\"<literal>#</literal>\" characters, any user who defines \"<literal>~/."
"xsession</literal>\" or \"<literal>~/.Xsession</literal>\" is able to "
"customize the action of \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>\" by "
"completely overriding the system code. The last command in the \"<literal>~/."
"xsession</literal>\" file should use form of \"<literal>exec some-window/"
"session-manager</literal>\" to start your favorite X window/session managers."
msgstr ""
"系統中的 “<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession.options</literal>” 包含沒有前置 "
"“<literal>#</literal>” 字元的 “<literal>allow-user-xsession</literal>” 行，則"
"定義了 “<literal>~/.xsession</literal>” 或 “<literal>~/.Xsession</literal>” "
"的任何使用者都能夠通過完全覆蓋系統程式碼來自定義 “<literal>/etc/X11/"
"Xsession</literal>” 的動作。在 “<literal>~/.xsession</literal>” 檔案中的最後"
"一個命令應該使用 “<literal>exec some-window/session-manager</literal>” 這樣的"
"形式來啟動你最喜歡的 X 視窗/會話管理器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If this feature is used, the selection of the display (or login) manager "
"(DM), session manager or window manager (WM) by the system utility is "
"ignored."
msgstr ""
"如果使用了這個特性，系統實用程式選擇的顯示 (或登入) 管理器 (DM), 會話管理器或"
"者視窗管理器 (WM) 會被忽略。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customizing the X session (new method)"
msgstr "自定義 X 會話（新方式）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are new methods to customize the X session without completely "
"overriding the system code as above."
msgstr "以下是自定義 X 會話的新方式，它不會像上面那樣完全覆蓋系統程式碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The display manager <literal>gdm3</literal> can select a specific session "
"and set it as the argument of \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"顯示管理器 <literal>gdm3</literal> 可以選擇一個特定的會話並將它設定為 "
"“<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession</literal>” 的引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/profile</literal>\", \"<literal>~/.profile</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/etc/xprofile</literal>\", and \"<literal>~/.xprofile</literal>\" "
"files are executed as a part of <literal>gdm3</literal> start up process."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/profile</literal>\", \"<literal>~/.profile</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/etc/xprofile</literal>\", 和 \"<literal>~/.xprofile</literal>\" "
"檔案會被作為 <literal>gdm3</literal> 啟動程序的一部分來執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>\" file is executed as a part of start "
"up process. (desktop independent)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>” 檔案作為啟動程序的一部分被執行。（獨立桌"
"面）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>#allow-user-xsession</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession."
"options</literal>\" does not restrict execution of the \"<literal>~/."
"xsessionrc</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/etc/X11/Xsession.options</literal>\" 中的 \"<literal>#allow-user-"
"xsession</literal>\" 不會限制 \"<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>\" 檔案的執"
"行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>~/.gnomerc</literal>\" file is executed as a part of start up "
"process. (GNOME desktop only)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>~/.gnomerc</literal>” 檔案作為啟動程序的一部分被執行。（僅 GNOME 桌"
"面）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The selection of the display (or login) manager (DM), session manager or "
"window manager (WM) by the system utility is respected."
msgstr ""
"系統實用程式選擇的顯示 (或登入) 管理器 (DM), 會話管理器或者視窗管理器 (WM) 是"
"相當不錯的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These configuration files should not have \"<literal>exec …</literal>\" nor "
"\"<literal>exit</literal>\" in them."
msgstr ""
"在這些配置檔案裡面，不應當有 \"<literal>exec …</literal>\" 或 "
"\"<literal>exit</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Connecting a remote X client via SSH"
msgstr "通過 SSH 連線一個遠端 X 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The use of \"<literal>ssh -X</literal>\" enables a secure connection from a "
"local X server to a remote application server."
msgstr ""
"使用 “<literal>ssh -X</literal>” 可以啟用一個來自本地 X 伺服器到遠端應用程式"
"伺服器的安全連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>X11Forwarding</literal>\" entries to \"<literal>yes</literal>"
"\" in \"<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>\" of the remote host, if you "
"want to avoid \"<literal>-X</literal>\" command-line option."
msgstr ""
"如果你想避免命令列選項 “<literal>-X</literal>”，你需要將遠端主機的 "
"“<literal>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</literal>” 檔案中的 “<literal>X11Forwarding</"
"literal>” 設定為 “<literal>yes</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Start the X server on the local host."
msgstr "在本地主機上啟動 X 伺服器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Open an <literal>xterm</literal> in the local host."
msgstr "在本地主機中開啟一個 <literal>xterm</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to establish a connection with the remote site as "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"通過下列命令，執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 建立與遠端站點的連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"localname @ localhost $ ssh -q -X loginname@remotehost.domain\n"
"Password:"
msgstr ""
"localname @ localhost $ ssh -q -X loginname@remotehost.domain\n"
"Password:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Run an X application command, e.g. \"<literal>gimp</literal>\", on the "
"remote site as the following."
msgstr ""
"通過下列命令，在遠端站點執行一個 X 應用程式，例如 “<literal>gimp</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "loginname @ remotehost $ gimp &amp;"
msgstr "loginname @ remotehost $ gimp &amp;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This method can display the output from a remote X client as if it were "
"locally connected through a local UNIX domain socket."
msgstr ""
"這個方法可以顯示來自遠端 X 客戶端的輸出，相當於它是通過一個本地 UNIX 域名 "
"socket 進行本地的連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Secure X terminal via the Internet"
msgstr "連線網際網路的安全 X 終端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Secure X terminal via the Internet, which displays remotely run entire X "
"desktop environment, can easily achieved by using specialized package such "
"as <literal>ldm</literal>. Your local machine becomes a secure thin client "
"to the remote application server connected via SSH."
msgstr ""
"連線網際網路的 X 安全終端，並且會顯示在遠端執行的整個 X 桌面環境，這可以通過"
"使用特定軟體包（例如 <literal>ldm</literal>）輕鬆地做到。通過 SSH，你的本地機"
"器會變成連線到遠端應用程式伺服器的一個安全瘦客戶端。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Fonts in the X Window"
msgstr "X 視窗中的字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfigca;\">Fontconfig 2.0</ulink> was created to provide "
"a distribution independent library for configuring and customizing font "
"access in 2002.  Debian after <literal>squeeze</literal> uses <ulink url="
"\"&fontconfigca;\">Fontconfig 2.0</ulink> for its font configuration."
msgstr ""
"在2002年，人們建立了發行版獨立的庫<ulink url=\"&fontconfigca;\">Fontconfig "
"2.0</ulink>用於配置和定製字型訪問.  <literal>squeeze</literal> 以後的Debian使"
"用  <ulink url=\"&fontconfigca;\">Fontconfig 2.0</ulink> 進行字型配置."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Font supports on X Window System can be summarized as follows."
msgstr "X 視窗系統中的字型支援可以概括如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Legacy X server side font support system"
msgstr "傳統的 X 伺服器端的字型支援系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The original core X11 font system provides backward compatibility for older "
"version of X client applications."
msgstr "原始的核心 X11 字體系統為舊版本的 X 客戶端應用提供了向後相容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The original core X11 fonts are installed on the X server."
msgstr "原始的核心 X11 字型被安裝到了 X 伺服器上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Modern X client side font support system"
msgstr "現代 X 客戶端的字型支援系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The modern X system supports all fonts listed below (<xref linkend="
"\"_basic_fonts\"/>, <xref linkend=\"_additional_fonts\"/>, and <xref linkend="
"\"_cjk_fonts\"/>) with advanced features such as anti-aliasing."
msgstr ""
"現代 X 系統支援下列帶有高階功能（例如抗鋸齒）的所有字型（<xref linkend="
"\"_basic_fonts\"/>，<xref linkend=\"_additional_fonts\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_cjk_fonts\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&xft;\">Xft</ulink> 2.0 connects modern X applications such as "
"ones from <ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</"
"ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&libreoffice;\">LibreOffice</ulink> with <ulink url="
"\"&freetype;\">FreeType</ulink> 2.0 library."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&xft;\">Xft</ulink> 2.0 連線現代 X 應用，例如來自 <ulink url="
"\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&kde;\">KDE</ulink> 和帶有 <ulink "
"url=\"&freetype;\">FreeType</ulink> 2.0 庫的<ulink url=\"&libreoffice;"
"\">LibreOffice</ulink> 的應用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&freetype;\">FreeType</ulink> 2.0 provides font rasterization "
"library."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&freetype;\">FreeType</ulink> 2.0 提供字型柵格化的庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfig;\">Fontconfig</ulink> provides resolution of the "
"font specification for <ulink url=\"&xft;\">Xft</ulink> 2.0.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fonts.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for its configuration."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfig;\">Fontconfig</ulink> 為 <ulink url=\"&xft;\">Xft</"
"ulink> 2.0 解決了字型規範的問題。配置參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fonts."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"All modern X applications using <ulink url=\"&xft;\">Xft</ulink> 2.0 can "
"talk to modern X server using the <ulink url=\"&xrenderingextension;\">X "
"Rendering Extension</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"所有使用 <ulink url=\"&xft;\">Xft</ulink> 2.0 的現代 X 應用都可以與使用 "
"<ulink url=\"&xrenderingextension;\">X 渲染擴充套件</ulink> 的現代 X 伺服器進"
"行交流。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&xrenderingextension;\">X Rendering Extension</ulink> moves "
"font access and glyph image generation from the X server to the X client."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&xrenderingextension;\">X渲染擴充套件 </ulink>將字型訪問和glyph"
"影象生成從X伺服器移動到了X客戶端."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "Table of packages to support X Window font systems"
msgstr "支援 X 視窗字體系統的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "X Window System font utility programs"
msgstr "X 視窗系統字型實用程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Xft, a library that connects X applications with the FreeType font "
"rasterization library"
msgstr "Xft 的，一個庫，連線到了帶有 FreeType 字型柵格化庫的 X 應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&freetype;\">FreeType</ulink> 2.0 font rasterization library"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&freetype;\">FreeType</ulink> 2.0 字型柵格化庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfig;\">Fontconfig</ulink>, a generic font configuration "
"library — support binaries"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfig;\">Fontconfig</ulink> 的，一個通用的字型配置庫——支援"
"二進位制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfig;\">Fontconfig</ulink>, a generic font configuration "
"library — configuration data"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&fontconfig;\">Fontconfig</ulink> 的，一個通用的字型配置庫——配置"
"資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "You can check font configuration information by the following."
msgstr "你可以通過下列方法檢視字型配置資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>xset q</literal>\" for core X11 font path"
msgstr "使用 “<literal>xset q</literal>” 檢視核心 X11 字型路徑"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>fc-match</literal>\" for fontconfig font default"
msgstr "使用 “<literal>fc-match</literal>” 檢視 fontconfig 的字型預設"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>fc-list</literal>\" for available fontconfig fonts"
msgstr "使用 “<literal>fc-list</literal>” 檢視所有可用的 fontconfig 字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&thepenguinandunicode;\">The Penguin and Unicode</ulink>\" is "
"a good overview of modern X Window System. Other documentations at <ulink "
"url=\"&httpunifontorg;\">http://unifont.org/</ulink> should provide good "
"information on Unicode fonts, Unicode-enabled software, "
"internationalization, and Unicode usability issues on <ulink url="
"\"&freelibreopensourcefloss;\">free/libre/open source (FLOSS)</ulink> "
"operating systems."
msgstr ""
"“<ulink url=\"&thepenguinandunicode;\">The Penguin and Unicode</ulink>” 很好"
"地概述了現代的 X 視窗系統。在 <ulink url=\"&httpunifontorg;\">http://unifont."
"org/</ulink> 中的其它文件提供了關於 Unicode 字型、支援 Unicode 的軟體以及國際"
"化的相關資訊，還有 <ulink url=\"&freelibreopensourcefloss;\">免費/自由/開源"
"（free/libre/open source，FLOSS）</ulink> 作業系統中的 Unicode 可用性問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic fonts"
msgstr "基礎字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are 2 major types of <ulink url=\"&computerfonts;\">computer fonts</"
"ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&computerfonts;\">計算機字型</ulink>有兩種主要的型別。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Bitmap fonts (good for low resolution rasterization)"
msgstr "點陣字型（低解析度柵格化下表現良好）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Outline/stroke fonts (good for high resolution rasterization)"
msgstr "輪廓/筆畫字型（高解析度柵格化下表現良好）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"While scaling of bitmap fonts causes jugged image, scaling of outline/stroke "
"fonts produces smooth image."
msgstr "縮放點陣字型會導致影象產生鋸齒，而縮放輪廓/筆畫字型則生成平滑的影象。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Bitmap fonts on the Debian system are usually provided by compressed <ulink "
"url=\"&xbbpcfbitmapfontfiles;\">X11 pcf bitmap font files</ulink> having "
"their file extension \"<literal>.pcf.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統中的點陣字型通常由壓縮的 <ulink url=\"&xbbpcfbitmapfontfiles;"
"\">X11 pcf 點陣字型檔案</ulink> 提供，它帶有 “<literal>.pcf.gz</literal>” 檔"
"案字尾名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Outline fonts on the Debian system are provided by the following."
msgstr "Debian 系統中的輪廓字型由以下提供。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink> Type 1 font files having "
"their file extension \"<literal>.pfb</literal>\" (binary font file) and "
"\"<literal>.afm</literal>\" (font metrics file)."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink> Type 1 字型檔案，它帶有 "
"“<literal>.pfb</literal>”（二進位制字型檔案）和 “<literal>.afm</literal>”（字"
"型規格檔案）檔案字尾名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> (or <ulink url=\"&opentype;"
"\">OpenType</ulink>) font files usually having their file extension "
"\"<literal>.ttf</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink>（或 <ulink url=\"&opentype;"
"\">OpenType</ulink>）字型檔案，通常帶有 “<literal>.ttf</literal> 檔案字尾名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&opentype;\">OpenType</ulink> is intended to supersede both "
"<ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&postscript;"
"\">PostScript</ulink> Type 1."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&opentype;\">OpenType</ulink> 是為了取代 <ulink url=\"&truetype;"
"\">TrueType</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink> Type "
"1。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"Table of corresponding <ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink> Type 1 "
"fonts"
msgstr "相應的 <ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink> Type 1 字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "font package"
msgstr "字型軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "sans-serif font"
msgstr "無襯線字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "serif font"
msgstr "襯線字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "monospace font"
msgstr "等寬字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "source of font"
msgstr "字型來源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PostScript"
msgstr "PostScript"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&helvetica;\">Helvetica</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&helvetica;\">Helvetica</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&times;\">Times</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&times;\">Times</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&courier;\">Courier</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&courier;\">Courier</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Adobe"
msgstr "Adobe"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Nimbus Sans L"
msgstr "Nimbus Sans L"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Nimbus Roman No9 L"
msgstr "Nimbus Roman No9 L"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Nimbus Mono L"
msgstr "Nimbus Mono L"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&urw;\">URW</ulink> (Adobe compatible size)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&urw;\">URW</ulink> （Adobe 相容的大小）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "X font support with PostScript Type 1 fonts."
msgstr "PostScript Type 1 字型支援的 X 字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free Helvetian"
msgstr "Free Helvetian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free Times"
msgstr "Free Times"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free Courier"
msgstr "Free Courier"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "URW extended (Adobe compatible size)"
msgstr "URW 擴充套件（Adobe 相容的大小）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LMSans*"
msgstr "LMSans*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LMRoman*"
msgstr "LMRoman*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LMTypewriter*"
msgstr "LMTypewriter*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"scalable PostScript and OpenType fonts based on Computer Modern (from TeX)"
msgstr "基於現代計算機的可縮放 PostScript 和 OpenType 字型（來自 Tex）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Table of corresponding <ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> fonts"
msgstr "對應的 <ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> 字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&arial;\">Arial</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&arial;\">Arial</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&timesnewroman;\">Times New Roman</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&timesnewroman;\">Times New Roman</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&couriernew;\">Courier New</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&couriernew;\">Courier New</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Microsoft (Adobe compatible size) (This installs non-free data)"
msgstr "微軟（Adobe 相容的大小）（這會安裝 non-free 資料）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Liberation Sans"
msgstr "Liberation Sans"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Liberation Serif"
msgstr "Liberation Serif"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Liberation Mono"
msgstr "Liberation Mono"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&liberationfontsproject;\">Liberation Fonts project</ulink> "
"(Microsoft compatible size)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&liberationfontsproject;\">Liberation 字型專案</ulink>（微軟相容"
"的大小）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "FreeSans"
msgstr "FreeSans"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "FreeSerif"
msgstr "FreeSerif"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "FreeMono"
msgstr "FreeMono"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnufreefont;\">GNU freefont</ulink> (Microsoft compatible size)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnufreefont;\">GNU 自由字型</ulink>（微軟相容的大小）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DejaVu Sans"
msgstr "DejaVu Sans"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DejaVu Serif"
msgstr "DejaVu Serif"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DejaVu Sans Mono"
msgstr "DejaVu Sans Mono"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bitstreamvera;"
"\">Bitstream Vera</ulink> with Unicode coverage"
msgstr ""
"覆蓋了 Unicode 的 <ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink>、<ulink url="
"\"&bitstreamvera;\">Bitstream Vera</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bitstreamvera;"
"\">Bitstream Vera</ulink> with Unicode coverage (sans, sans-bold, serif, "
"serif-bold, mono, mono-bold)"
msgstr ""
"覆蓋了 Unicode 的 <ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink>、<ulink url="
"\"&bitstreamvera;\">Bitstream Vera</ulink>（sans、sans-bold、serif、serif-"
"bold、mono、mono-bold）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bitstreamvera;"
"\">Bitstream Vera</ulink> with Unicode coverage (oblique, italic, bold-"
"oblique, bold-italic, condensed)"
msgstr ""
"覆蓋了 Unicode 的 <ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink>、<ulink url="
"\"&bitstreamvera;\">Bitstream Vera</ulink>（oblique、italic、bold-oblique、"
"bold-italic、condensed）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "unifont"
msgstr "unifont"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnuunifont;\">GNU Unifont</ulink>, with all printable "
"character code in Unicode 5.1 Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnuunifont;\">GNU Unifont</ulink>，帶有 Unicode 5.1 基本多文種"
"平面（BMP）中所有的可列印字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink> fonts are based on and superset of "
"<ulink url=\"&bitstreamvera;\">Bitstream Vera</ulink> fonts."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dejavu;\">DejaVu</ulink> 字型基於 <ulink url=\"&bitstreamvera;"
"\">Bitstream Vera</ulink> 字型，並對其進行了擴充。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Additional fonts"
msgstr "其它字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> helps you find additional fonts easily."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以幫你輕鬆找到其它的字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The short package list under \"Tasks\" → \"Localization\""
msgstr "簡單的軟體包列表位於 “軟體集” → “本地化”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The filtered flat package list of font data with regex on debtag: "
"\"<literal>~Gmade-of::data:font</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"平面軟體包列表可以使用 debtag 正則表示式來過濾字型資料：“<literal>~Gmade-of::"
"data:font</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The filtered flat package list of the BDF (bitmap) font packages with regex "
"on package name: \"<literal>~nxfonts-</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"在軟體包名稱裡採用下面的正則表示式來過濾得到BDF（點陣圖）字型包列表: "
"\"<literal>~nxfonts-</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The filtered flat package list of the TrueType (outline) font packages with "
"regex on package name: \"<literal>~nttf-|~nfonts-</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"在軟體包名稱裡採用下面的正則表示式來得到TrueType字型包列表: "
"\"<literal>~nttf-|~nfonts-</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since <emphasis role=\"strong\">Free</emphasis> fonts are sometimes limited, "
"installing or sharing some commercial TrueType fonts is an option for a "
"Debian users.  In order to make this process easy for the user, some "
"convenience packages have been created."
msgstr ""
"因為<emphasis role=\"strong\">自由</emphasis>字型有時會受限，因此對於 Debian "
"使用者而言，可以選擇安裝或分享一些商業的 TrueType 字型。為了簡化該過程，建立"
"一些方便的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>mathematica-fonts</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mathematica-fonts</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>fonts-mscorefonts-installer</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>fonts-mscorefonts-installer</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You'll have a really good selection of TrueType fonts at the expense of "
"contaminating your <emphasis role=\"strong\">Free</emphasis> system with non-"
"Free fonts."
msgstr ""
"當你付出使用非自由字型汙染你<emphasis role=\"strong\">自由</emphasis>系統的代"
"價後，你會得到一些相當不錯的 trueType 字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "CJK fonts"
msgstr "CJK 字型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are some key points focused on fonts of <ulink url=\"&cjkcharacters;"
"\">CJK characters</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"下面是一些主要關注 <ulink url=\"&cjkcharacters;\">CJK 字元</ulink> 的字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Table of key words used in CJK font names to indicate font types"
msgstr "CJK 字型名稱中所使用的暗示字型型別的關鍵詞"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "font type"
msgstr "字型型別"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Japanese font name"
msgstr "日文字型名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Chinese font name"
msgstr "中文字型名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Korean font name"
msgstr "韓文字型名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sans-serif"
msgstr "無襯線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "gothic, ゴチック"
msgstr "gothic、ゴチック"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "hei, gothic"
msgstr "hei、gothic"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "dodum, gulim, gothic"
msgstr "dodum、gulim、gothic"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "serif"
msgstr "襯線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mincho, 明朝"
msgstr "mincho、明朝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "song, ming"
msgstr "song、ming"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "batang"
msgstr "batang"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Font name such as \"VL PGothic\" with \"P\" is a proportional font which "
"corresponds to the fixed width \"VL Gothic\" font."
msgstr ""
"像 “VL PGothic” 這樣帶有 “P” 的字型名稱是對應的 “VL Gothic” 字型修改寬度後的"
"比例字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, <ulink url=\"&shift_jis;\">Shift_JIS</ulink> code table "
"comprises 7070 characters.  They can be grouped as the following."
msgstr ""
"舉個例子，<ulink url=\"&shift_jis;\">Shift_JIS</ulink> 的碼錶包含了 7070 個字"
"元。它們可以像下面那樣分類。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"JIS X 0201 single-byte characters (191 characters, a.k.a. half-width "
"characters)"
msgstr "JIS X 0201 單位元組字元（191 個字元，又名半形字元）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"JIS X 0208 double-byte characters (6879 characters, a.k.a. full-width "
"characters)"
msgstr "JIS X 0208 雙位元組字元（6879 個字元，又名全形字元）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Double-byte characters occupy double width on console terminals which uses "
"CJK fixed width fonts.  In order to cope with such situation, <ulink url="
"\"&hanzibitmapfonthbffile;\">Hanzi Bitmap Font (HBF) File</ulink> with file "
"extension \"<literal>.hbf</literal>\" may be deployed for fonts containing "
"single-byte and double-byte characters."
msgstr ""
"使用修復寬度的 CJK 字型的雙位元組字元佔用控制檯終端的雙倍寬度。為了應對這種情"
"況，帶有 “<literal>.hbf</literal>” 檔案字尾名的 <ulink url="
"\"&hanzibitmapfonthbffile;\">漢字點陣字型（Hanzi Bitmap Font，HBF）檔案</"
"ulink> 被設計為包含了單位元組和雙位元組字元的字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to save space for <ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> font "
"files, <ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> font collection file with "
"file extension \"<literal>.ttc</literal>\" may be used."
msgstr ""
"為了節省 <ulink url=\"&truetype;\">TrueType</ulink> 字型檔案的空間，可以使用"
"帶有 “<literal>.ttc</literal>” 檔案字尾名的 <ulink url=\"&truetype;"
"\">TrueType</ulink> 字型集合檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to cover complicated code space of characters, CID keyed <ulink url="
"\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink> Type 1 font is used with CMap files "
"starting themselves with \"<literal>%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-CMap</literal>"
"\".  This is rarely used for normal X display but used for PDF rendering "
"etc. (see <xref linkend=\"_x_utility_applications\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"為了覆蓋複雜的編碼字型空間, CID採用\"<literal>%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-CMap</"
"literal>\"開頭的CMap檔案作為<ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</ulink>型"
"別1字型的關鍵字。這個幾乎很少用在普通的X顯示上，更多用於PDF等格式的檔案渲染"
"上。(參考 <xref linkend=\"_x_utility_applications\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The multiple <ulink url=\"&glyphs;\">glyphs</ulink> are expected for some "
"<ulink url=\"&unicode;\">Unicode</ulink> code points due to <ulink url="
"\"&hanunification;\">Han unification</ulink>.  One of the most annoying ones "
"are \"U+3001 IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA\" and \"U+3002 IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP\" whose "
"character positions differ among CJK countries.  Configuring priority of "
"Japanese centric fonts over Chinese ones using \"<literal>~/.fonts.conf</"
"literal>\" should give peace of minds to Japanese."
msgstr ""
"對於<ulink url=\"&hanunification;\">Han unification</ulink>，一些<ulink url="
"\"&unicode;\">Unicode</ulink>編碼點陣期望能夠有多樣化的<ulink url=\"&glyphs;"
"\">glyphs</ulink>。其中最令人討厭的在中日韓三個國家“U + 3001頓號”和“U + 3002"
"表意的句號”的字元位置各不相同。配置日文中心字型的優先順序，中文用的是"
"\"<literal> 7~/.fonts.conf</literal> 8\"能夠讓日本感到有所平衡。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "X applications"
msgstr "X 應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "X office applications"
msgstr "X 辦公應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here is a list of basic office applications (LO is LibreOffice)."
msgstr "下面是一些基礎的辦公應用（LO 是 LibreOffice）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic X office applications"
msgstr "基礎的 X 辦公應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "package size"
msgstr "軟體包大小"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LO"
msgstr "LO"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "word processor"
msgstr "文書處理軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "spreadsheet"
msgstr "電子表格"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "presentation"
msgstr "簡報"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "database management"
msgstr "資料庫管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "vector graphics editor (draw)"
msgstr "向量圖形編輯器（繪圖）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mathematical equation/formula editor"
msgstr "數學方程/公式編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNOME"
msgstr "GNOME"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GTK"
msgstr "GTK"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "bitmap graphics editor (paint)"
msgstr "點陣圖圖形編輯器 (繪圖)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "flowchart and diagram editor"
msgstr "流程圖和示意圖編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "project management"
msgstr "專案管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KDE"
msgstr "KDE"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "X utility applications"
msgstr "X 實用應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here is a list of basic utility applications which caught my eyes."
msgstr "下面是一些引起我注意的基礎實用應用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic X utility applications"
msgstr "基礎的實用應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "document(pdf) viewer"
msgstr "文件（pdf）閱讀器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "e-book converter and library management"
msgstr "電子書轉換器和庫管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "e-book reader"
msgstr "電子書閱讀器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Personal information Management (groupware and email)"
msgstr "個人資訊管理（群組軟體和電子郵件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "desktop page layout editor"
msgstr "桌面頁面佈局編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "label editor"
msgstr "標籤編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "personal accounting"
msgstr "個人會計"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "digital photo organizer"
msgstr "數碼照片管理器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "scanner frontend"
msgstr "掃描器前段"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>poppler-data</literal> package (previously non-free, see <xref "
"linkend=\"_ghostscript\"/>) needs to be installed for <literal>evince</"
"literal> and <literal>okular</literal> to display CJK PDF documents using "
"Cmap data (<xref linkend=\"_cjk_fonts\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"為了讓 <literal>evince</literal> 和 <literal>okular</literal> 使用 Cmap 資料"
"（<xref linkend=\"_cjk_fonts\"/>）來顯示 CJK PDF 文件，必須要安裝 "
"<literal>poppler-data</literal> 軟體包（之前為 non-free，參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_ghostscript\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Installing softwares such as <literal>scribus</literal> (KDE) on GNOME "
"desktop environment are quite acceptable since corresponding functionality "
"is not available under GNOME desktop environment.  But installing too many "
"packages with duplicated functionalities clutter your menu."
msgstr ""
"如果在 GNOME 桌面環境中沒有相應功能的軟體，那麼安裝例如 <literal>scribus</"
"literal>（KDE）這樣的軟體包是完全可以接受的。但別安裝過多功能重複的軟體包，這"
"會使你的選單凌亂。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The X trivia"
msgstr "X 瑣事"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Clipboard"
msgstr "剪貼簿"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The X selection using 3 mouse buttons is the native clipboard feature of X "
"(see <xref linkend=\"_unix_style_mouse_operations\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"使用滑鼠的 3 個按鍵來進行 X 選擇是 X 原生的剪貼簿（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_unix_style_mouse_operations\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Shift-Insert can work as the equivalent of the middle-mouse-button click."
msgstr "Shift-Insert 等同於單擊滑鼠中鍵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of basic X selection programs"
msgstr "基礎的 X 選擇程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "command line interface to X selections"
msgstr "X 選擇的命令列介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The modern Desktop Environments (GNOME, KDE, …) offer different clipboard "
"system for the cut, copy, and paste using the left mouse button and keys "
"(CTRL-X, CRTL-C, and CTRL-V)."
msgstr ""
"現代的桌面環境（GNOME、KDE……）提供了不同的剪貼簿系統用於剪下、複製和貼上，它"
"們使用滑鼠左鍵和關鍵鍵（CTRL-X、CRTL-C 和 CTRL-V）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Keymaps and pointer button mappings in X"
msgstr "X 中的鍵盤和滑鼠按鈕對映"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmodmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is a utility for modifying keymaps and pointer "
"button mappings in the X Window System.  To get the <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">keycode</emphasis>, run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xev</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> in the X and press "
"keys.  To get the meaning of <emphasis role=\"strong\">keysym</emphasis>, "
"look into the MACRO definition in \"<literal>/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h</"
"literal>\" file (<literal>x11proto-core-dev</literal> package).  All "
"\"<literal>#define</literal>\" statements in this file are named as "
"\"<literal>XK_</literal>\" prepended to <emphasis role=\"strong\">keysym</"
"emphasis> names."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmodmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 是 X 視窗系統中用來修改鍵盤和滑鼠按鈕對映的工具。為"
"了獲得 <emphasis role=\"strong\">keycode</emphasis>，你需要在 X 中執行 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 並按下對應按鍵。為了獲得 <emphasis role=\"strong\">keysym</"
"emphasis> 的含義，你需要檢視 “<literal>/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h</"
"literal>” 檔案（<literal>x11proto-core-dev</literal> 軟體包）中 MACRO  的定"
"義。檔案中所有的 “<literal>#define</literal>” 語句後面都是以 “<literal>XK_</"
"literal>” 開頭，後接 <emphasis role=\"strong\">keysym</emphasis> 名稱。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Classic X clients"
msgstr "典型的 X 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Most traditional X client programs, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, can be started with a set of standard command line options to "
"specify geometry, font, and display."
msgstr ""
"大多數傳統的 X 客戶端程式，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，可以用一組標準的命令列"
"選項來啟動，從而指定大小、字型和顯示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"They also use the X resource database to configure their appearance.  The "
"system-wide defaults of X resources are stored in \"<literal>/etc/X11/"
"Xresources/*</literal>\" and application defaults of them are stored in "
"\"<literal>/etc/X11/app-defaults/*</literal>\".  Use these settings as the "
"starting points."
msgstr ""
"它們還使用 X 資源資料庫來配置它們的外觀。系統預設的 X 資源儲存在 “<literal>/"
"etc/X11/Xresources/*</literal>” 中，應用預設的 X 資源儲存在 “<literal>/etc/"
"X11/app-defaults/*</literal>” 中。使用這些設定作為起點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>~/.Xresources</literal>\" file is used to store user resource "
"specifications.  This file is automatically merged into the default X "
"resources upon login.  To make changes to these settings and make them "
"effective immediately, merge them into the database using the following "
"command."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>~/.Xresources</literal>” 檔案被用來儲存使用者資源設定。這個檔案在登"
"陸時會自動合併到預設的 X 資源。要更改這些設定並使其立即生效，使用下列命令將它"
"們合併到資料庫中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources"
msgstr "$ xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>x</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xrdb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>x</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xrdb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The X terminal emulator — xterm"
msgstr "X 終端模擬器 —— xterm"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Learn everything about <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> at <ulink url="
"\"&httpdickeyhiscomtermxtermfaqhtml;\">http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.faq."
"html</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&httpdickeyhiscomtermxtermfaqhtml;\">http://dickey.his.com/"
"xterm/xterm.faq.html</ulink> 可以瞭解到關於 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的一切資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Running X clients as root"
msgstr "以 root 執行 X 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Never start the X display/session manager under the root account by typing "
"in <literal>root</literal> to the prompt of the display manager such as "
"<literal>gdm3</literal> because it is considered unsafe (insecure), even "
"when you plan to perform administrative activities.  The entire X "
"architecture is considered insecure if run as root.  You must always use the "
"lowest privilege level possible, like a regular user account."
msgstr ""
"不要通過在顯示管理器（例如 <literal>gdm3</literal>）的提示符後輸入 "
"<literal>root</literal> 來以 root 身份啟動 X 顯示/會話管理器，因為這是不安全"
"的，即使你打算進行管理員操作。以 root 執行整個 X 架構被認為是不安全的。你必須"
"總是使用盡可能低許可權的賬號，例如普通的使用者賬號。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Easy ways to run a particular X client, e.g. \"<literal>foo</literal>\" as "
"root is to use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> etc. as the following."
msgstr ""
"執行一個特殊的 X 客戶端（例如使 “<literal>foo</literal>” 取得 root 許可權）的"
"簡單方法是像下面那樣使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo foo &amp;"
msgstr "$ sudo foo &amp;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo -s\n"
"# foo &amp;"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo -s\n"
"# foo &amp;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh -X root@localhost\n"
"# foo &amp;"
msgstr ""
"$ ssh -X root@localhost\n"
"# foo &amp;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Use of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> just for this purpose as above is waste of "
"resource."
msgstr ""
"為了該目的像上面那樣使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 會浪費資源。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order for the X client to connect to the X server, please note the "
"following."
msgstr "為了使 X 客戶端連結到 X 伺服器，請注意以下幾點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Values of the old user's \"<literal>$XAUTHORITY</literal>\" and \"<literal>"
"$DISPLAY</literal>\" environment variables must be copied to the new user's "
"ones."
msgstr ""
"舊使用者 “<literal>$XAUTHORITY</literal>” 和 “<literal>$DISPLAY</literal>” 環"
"境變數的值必須複製給新使用者。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The file pointed by value of the \"<literal>$XAUTHORITY</literal>\" "
"environment variable must be readable by the new user."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>$XAUTHORITY</literal>” 環境變數的值所指向的檔案必須對新使用者可讀。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "I18N and L10N"
msgstr "I18N 和 L10N"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&multilingualizatelanguagesupport;\">Multilingualization (M17N) "
"or Native Language Support</ulink> for an application software is done in 2 "
"steps."
msgstr ""
"一個應用軟體的 <ulink url=\"&multilingualizatelanguagesupport;\">多語言化 "
"(M17N)或本地語言支援</ulink>，通過 2 個步驟完成。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Internationalization (I18N): To make a software potentially handle multiple "
"locales."
msgstr "國際化 (I18N): 使一個軟體能夠處理多個語言環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Localization (L10N): To make a software handle an specific locale."
msgstr "本地化 (L10N)：使一個軟體處理一個特定的語言環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"There are 17, 18, or 10 letters between \"m\" and \"n\", \"i\" and \"n\", or "
"\"l\" and \"n\" in multilingualization, internationalization, and "
"localization which correspond to M17N, I18N, and L10N."
msgstr ""
"在 multilingualization（多語言化）、internationalization（國際化）和 "
"localization（本地化）中，有17, 18, 或 10 個字母在\"m\" 和 \"n\", \"i\" 和 "
"\"n\", 或 \"l\" 和 \"n\"中間，它們相應表示為 M17N, I18N 和 L10N."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The modern software such as GNOME and KDE are multilingualized.  They are "
"internationalized by making them handle <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> "
"data and localized by providing their translated messages through the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gettext</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> infrastructure.  Translated messages may be "
"provided as separate localization packages.  They can be selected simply by "
"setting pertinent environment variables to the appropriate locale."
msgstr ""
"GNOME 和 KDE 等現代軟體是多語言的。他們通過處理 <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</"
"ulink> 資料來實現國際化，並通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gettext</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 架構提供翻譯資訊來本地"
"化。翻譯資訊可以由獨立的本地化軟體包來提供。翻譯資訊易於選擇使用，通過給相關"
"的環境變數設定適當的語言環境即可。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The simplest representation of the text data is <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">ASCII</emphasis> which is sufficient for English and uses less than 127 "
"characters (representable with 7 bits).  In order to support much more "
"characters for the international support, many character encoding systems "
"have been invented.  The modern and sensible encoding system is <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">UTF-8</emphasis> which can handle practically all the "
"characters known to the human (see <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"最簡單的文字資料表示方法是 <emphasis role=\"strong\">ASCII</emphasis>，使用少"
"於 127 個字元 (用 7 位表示)，這對英語足夠了。為了支援用於國際化的更多字元，人"
"們發明了許多字元編碼系統。現代知名的編碼系統是 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">UTF-8</emphasis>，它可以處理人類所知的幾乎所有字元(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&introductiontoibin;\">Introduction to i18n</ulink> for "
"details."
msgstr "細節請參見 <ulink url=\"&introductiontoibin;\">i18n 介紹</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The international hardware support is enabled with localized hardware "
"configuration data."
msgstr "有本地化硬體配置資料便能支援國際化硬體。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The keyboard input"
msgstr "鍵盤輸入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian system can be configured to work with many international keyboard "
"arrangements using the <literal>keyboard-configuration</literal> and "
"<literal>console-setup</literal> packages."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統可以使用 <literal>keyboard-configuration</literal> 和 "
"<literal>console-setup</literal> 軟體包配置多個國際化鍵盤佈局。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration\n"
"# dpkg-reconfigure console-setup"
msgstr ""
"# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration\n"
"# dpkg-reconfigure console-setup"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This configures the keyboard for the Linux console and the X Window updates "
"configuration parameters in \"<literal>/etc/default/keyboard</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>/etc/default/console-setup</literal>\". This also configures the "
"Linux console font."
msgstr ""
"這將配置 Linux 控制檯和 X 視窗的鍵盤，並更新 “<literal>/etc/default/"
"keyboard</literal>” 和 “<literal>/etc/default/console-setup</literal>” 中的配"
"置引數。這也可以用來配置 Linux 控制檯的字型。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many non-ASCII characters including accented characters used by many "
"European languages can be made available with <ulink url=\"&deadkey;\">dead "
"key</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&altgrkey;\">AltGr key</ulink>, and <ulink url="
"\"&composekey;\">compose key</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"許多非 ASCII 字元，包括許多歐洲語言使用的重音字元，可以使用 <ulink url="
"\"&deadkey;\">死鍵</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&altgrkey;\">AltGr 鍵</ulink> 和 "
"<ulink url=\"&composekey;\">組合鍵</ulink> 來輸入它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For Asian languages, you need more complicated <ulink url=\"&inputmethod;"
"\">input method</ulink> support such as <ulink url=\"&ibus;\">IBus</ulink> "
"discussed next."
msgstr ""
"對於亞洲語言，你需要更復雜的<ulink url=\"&inputmethod;\">輸入法</ulink>支援，"
"例如下面將要討論的 <ulink url=\"&ibus;\">IBus</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The input method support with IBus"
msgstr "IBus 支援的輸入法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Multilingual input to the application is processed as:"
msgstr "輸入多種語言到應用程式的處理流程如下："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Keyboard                               Application\n"
"   |                                        ^\n"
"   |                                        |\n"
"   +-&gt; Linux kernel -&gt; Input method -&gt; Gtk, Qt, or X"
msgstr ""
"鍵盤                               應用程式\n"
"   |                                        ^\n"
"   |                                        |\n"
"   +-&gt; Linux 核心 -&gt; 輸入法 -&gt; Gtk、Qt、或 X"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Setup of multilingual input for the Debian system is simplified by using the "
"<ulink url=\"&ibus;\">IBus</ulink> family of packages with the <literal>im-"
"config</literal> package. The list of IBus packages are the following."
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>im-config</literal> 使用 <ulink url=\"&ibus;\">IBus</ulink> 家"
"族的軟體包可以簡單地為 Debian 系統建立多語種的輸入。下面列出了一些 IBus 軟體"
"包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of input method supports with IBus"
msgstr "IBus 支援的輸入法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "supported locale"
msgstr "支援的語言環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "input method framework using dbus"
msgstr "使用 dbus 的輸入方式框架"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Japanese"
msgstr "日文"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Chinese (for zh_CN)"
msgstr "中文（zh_CN）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ", , (for zh_TW)"
msgstr "中文 (zh_TW)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Korean"
msgstr "韓文"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "table engine for IBus"
msgstr "IBus 表引擎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Thai"
msgstr "泰文"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Vietnamese"
msgstr "越南語"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Multilingual: Indic, Arabic and others"
msgstr "多語言：印度語、阿拉伯語和其它"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The kinput2 method and other locale dependent Asian classic <ulink url="
"\"&inputmethods;\">input methods</ulink> still exist but are not recommended "
"for the modern UTF-8 X environment.  The <ulink url=\"&scim;\">SCIM</ulink> "
"and <ulink url=\"&uim;\">uim</ulink> tool chains are an slightly older "
"approach for the international input method for the modern UTF-8 X "
"environment."
msgstr ""
"kinput2 方式和其它本地獨立的亞洲經典<ulink url=\"&inputmethods;\">輸入法</"
"ulink>依舊存在，但不推薦在現代的 UTF-8 X 環境中使用。<ulink url=\"&scim;"
"\">SCIM</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&uim;\">uim</ulink> 工具鏈是用於現代的 UTF-8 "
"X 環境下的國際化輸入法的較舊的方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "An example for Japanese"
msgstr "一個日語的例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I find the Japanese input method started under English environment "
"(\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\") very useful.  Here is how I did this "
"with IBus for GNOME3:"
msgstr ""
"我發現在英語環境(\"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\")下啟動日文輸入法非常有"
"用.  下面是在GNOME3下使用IBus的做法:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Install the Japanese input tool package <literal>ibus-anthy</literal> with "
"its recommended packages such as <literal>im-config</literal>."
msgstr ""
"安裝日文輸入法軟體包 <literal>ibus-anthy</literal> ，以及<literal>im-config</"
"literal>等推薦的軟體包."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execute \"<literal>im-config</literal>\" from user's shell and select "
"\"<literal>ibus</literal>\" as the input method."
msgstr ""
"從使用者Shell中執行\"<literal>im-config</literal>\"，然後選擇"
"\"<literal>ibus</literal>\"作為輸入法."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Select \"Settings\" → \"Keyboard\" → \"Input Sources\" → click \"<literal>+</"
"literal>\" in \"Input Sources\" → \"Japanese\" → \"Japanese (anthy)\" and "
"click \"Add\"."
msgstr ""
"選擇 \"Settings\" → \"Keyboard\" → \"Input Sources\" → 在\"Input Sources\"中"
"單擊 \"<literal>+</literal>\" → \"Japanese\" → \"Japanese (anthy)\"， 然後單"
"擊\"Add\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Select \"Japanese\" and click \"Add\" to support the Japanese layout "
"keyboard without character conversion. (You may chose as many input sources.)"
msgstr ""
"選擇\"日語\"並\"新增\"到支援日語鍵盤，就不需要字元轉換。(你可能會選擇更多的輸"
"入源)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Relogin to user's account."
msgstr "重新登入使用者賬戶。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Verify setting by \"<literal>im-config</literal>\"."
msgstr "使用\"<literal>im-config</literal>\"驗證設定."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Setup input source by right clicking the GUI toolbar icon."
msgstr "右鍵單擊 GUI 工具條圖示，設定輸入源。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Switch among installed input sources by SUPER-SPACE. (SUPER is normally the "
"Windows key.)"
msgstr "使用SUPER-SPACE在安裝的輸入法之間進行切換. (SUPER鍵通常是Windows鍵.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>im-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> behaves differently if command is executed from "
"root or not."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>im-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>如果命令是從root賬戶執行的表現會有所不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>im-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> enables the best input method on the system as "
"default without any user actions."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>im-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 讓最佳的輸入法作為系統預設而不需要使用者干預。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The GUI menu entry for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>im-config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is disabled as default "
"to prevent cluttering."
msgstr ""
"使用者介面選單入口<citerefentry><refentrytitle>im-config</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 預設會被禁用，以免造成"
"混亂。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Disabling the input method"
msgstr "禁用輸入法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you wish to input without going through XIM (mechanism used by the X), "
"set \"<literal>$XMODIFIERS</literal>\" value to \"none\" while starting a "
"program. This may be the case if you use Japanese input infrastructure "
"<literal>egg</literal> on <citerefentry><refentrytitle>emacs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> while disabling "
"<literal>ibus</literal>. From shell, execute as the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你不想通過 XIM（X 所使用的機制）來進行輸入，你可以在啟動程式時將 "
"“<literal>$XMODIFIERS</literal>” 的值設定為 “none”。這可能會是這種情況，你想"
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中使用日文輸入基礎設施 <literal>egg</literal> 同時"
"禁用 <literal>ibus</literal>。你可以從 shell 中執行如下命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ XMODIFIERS=none emacs"
msgstr "$ XMODIFIERS=none emacs"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to adjust the command executed by the Debian menu, place customized "
"configuration in \"<literal>/etc/menu/</literal>\" following method "
"described in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/menu/html</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"為了調整 Debian 選單執行的命令，請根據 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/menu/html</"
"literal>” 中描述的方法定製 “<literal>/etc/menu/</literal>” 中的配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The display output"
msgstr "顯示輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Linux console can only display limited characters.  (You need to use special "
"terminal program such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>jfbterm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to display non-"
"European languages on the non-X console.)"
msgstr ""
"Linux 控制檯只能顯示有限的字元。（你需要使用特殊的終端程式，例如"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>jfbterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，從而在非 X 控制檯中顯示非歐洲語言。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"X Window can display any characters in the UTF-8 as long as required font "
"data exists. (The encoding of the original font data is taken care by the X "
"Window System and transparent to the user.)"
msgstr ""
"只要需要的字型檔資料存在X視窗可以通過UTF-8編碼顯示任意字元。（X視窗系統能夠維"
"護好原始字型資料編碼，這對使用者來說是透明的）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "East Asian Ambiguous Character Width Characters"
msgstr "東亞環境下寬度有歧義的字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Under the East Asian locale, the box drawing, Greek, and Cyrillic characters "
"may be displayed wider than your desired width to cause the unaligned "
"terminal output (see <ulink url=\"&unicodestandardannexbb;\">Unicode "
"Standard Annex #11</ulink>)."
msgstr ""
"在東亞語言環境下，方框繪製、希臘字元和西里爾字元可能會顯示得比你預期的樣子更"
"寬，這樣會導致終端輸出排列不再整齊（參見 <ulink url="
"\"&unicodestandardannexbb;\">Unicode 標準附錄 #11</ulink>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "You can work around this problem:"
msgstr "您可以繞過這個問題："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>: Edit → Preferences → Profiles → Edit → "
"Compatibility → Ambiguous-wide characters → Narrow"
msgstr ""
"<literal>gnome-terminal</literal>：編輯 → 首選項 → 配置檔案 → 編輯 → 相容性 "
"→ 寬度有歧義的字元 → 窄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>ncurses</literal>: Set environment <literal>export "
"NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS=0</literal>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>ncurses</literal>：設定環境變數 <literal>export "
"NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS=0</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The locale"
msgstr "語言環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following focuses on the locale for applications run under X Window "
"environment started from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"下面重點介紹在從 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 啟動的 X 視窗環境下執行"
"的應用程式的語言設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basics of encoding"
msgstr "編碼的基礎知識"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The environment variable \"<literal>LANG=xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>\" sets the "
"locale to language code \"<literal>xx</literal>\", country code "
"\"<literal>yy</literal>\", and encoding \"<literal>ZZZZ</literal>\" (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"環境變數 “<literal>LANG=xx_YY.ZZZZ</literal>” 將語言環境設定為語言程式碼 "
"“<literal>xx</literal>”、國家程式碼 “<literal>YY</literal>” 和編碼 "
"“<literal>ZZZZ</literal>”（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_literal_lang_literal_variable\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The current Debian system normally sets the locale as \"<literal>LANG=xx_YY."
"UTF-8</literal>\".  This uses the <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> "
"encoding with the <ulink url=\"&unicode;\">Unicode</ulink> character set. "
"This <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> encoding system is a multibyte code "
"system and uses code points smartly. The <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</"
"ulink> data, which consist only with 7-bit range codes, are always valid "
"UTF-8 data consisting only with 1 byte per character."
msgstr ""
"現在的 Debian 系統一般將語言環境設定為 “<literal>LANG=xx_YY.UTF-8</"
"literal>”。這將會使用帶有 <ulink url=\"&unicode;\">Unicode</ulink> 字符集的 "
"<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> 編碼。<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</"
"ulink> 編碼系統是多位元組的程式碼系統並且碼點的使用更加智慧。<ulink url="
"\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 資料（只包含了7位二進位制程式碼）總是合法的 UTF-8 "
"資料（每個字元使用1個位元組）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The previous Debian system used to set the locale as \"<literal>LANG=C</"
"literal>\" or \"<literal>LANG=xx_YY</literal>\" (without \"<literal>.UTF-8</"
"literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"之前的 Debian 系統曾經將語言環境設定為 “<literal>LANG=C</literal>” 或 "
"“<literal>LANG=xx_YY</literal>”（沒有 “<literal>.UTF-8</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> character set is used for "
"\"<literal>LANG=C</literal>\" or \"<literal>LANG=POSIX</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>LANG=C</literal>” 或 “<literal>LANG=POSIX</literal>” 使用 <ulink "
"url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 字符集。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The traditional encoding system in Unix is used for \"<literal>LANG=xx_YY</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr "“<literal>LANG=xx_YY</literal>” 使用 Unix 的傳統編碼系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Actual traditional encoding system used for \"<literal>LANG=xx_YY</literal>"
"\" can be identified by checking \"<literal>/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED</"
"literal>\".  For example, \"<literal>en_US</literal>\" uses "
"\"<literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>\" encoding and \"<literal>fr_FR@euro</"
"literal>\" uses \"<literal>ISO-8859-15</literal>\" encoding."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>LANG=xx_YY</literal>” 所使用的確切傳統編碼系統可以通過 “<literal>/"
"usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED</literal>” 來確認。例如，“<literal>en_US</literal>” "
"使用 “<literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>” 編碼，“<literal>fr_FR@euro</literal>” 使"
"用 “<literal>ISO-8859-15</literal>” 編碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For meaning of encoding values, see <xref linkend=\"list-of-encoding-values"
"\"/>."
msgstr "編碼值的含義，參見 <xref linkend=\"list-of-encoding-values\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Rationale for UTF-8 locale"
msgstr "UTF-8 語言環境的基本原理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&unicode;\">Unicode</ulink> character set can represent "
"practically all characters known to human with code point range from 0 to "
"10FFFF in hexadecimal notation.  Its storage requires at least 21 bits."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&unicode;\">Unicode</ulink> 字符集可以用從 0 到 10FFFF （十六進"
"位制）範圍的碼點來顯示幾乎所有人類已知的字元。它的儲存至少需要 21 位。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Text encoding system <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> fits Unicode code "
"points into a sensible 8 bit data stream compatible with the ASCII data "
"processing system.  <emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF</emphasis> stands for "
"Unicode Transformation Format."
msgstr ""
"文字編碼系統 <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> 將 Unicode 碼點適配到一個合"
"理的 8 位資料流，併兼容 ASCII 資料處理系統。<emphasis role=\"strong\">UTF</"
"emphasis> 表示 Unicode 轉換格式（Unicode Transformation Format）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I recommend to use <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> locale for your "
"desktop, e.g., \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\".  The first part of "
"the locale determines messages presented by applications.  For example, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gedit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (text editor for the GNOME Desktop) under "
"\"<literal>LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>\" locale can display and edit Chinese "
"character text data while presenting menus in French, as long as required "
"fonts and input methods are installed."
msgstr ""
"我建議在你的桌面使用 <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> 語言環境，例如 "
"“<literal>LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</literal>”。語言環境的第一部分決定了應用程式中顯示"
"的資訊。例如，“<literal>LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8</literal>” 語言環境下的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gedit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>（GNOME 桌面的文字編輯器），選單是用法語顯示的，但只要安裝所需的"
"字型和輸入法就可以顯示和編輯中文字元文字資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I also recommend to set the locale only using the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>"
"\" environment variable. I do not see much benefit of setting a complicated "
"combination of \"<literal>LC_*</literal>\" variables (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>) under UTF-8 locale."
msgstr ""
"我還建議只使用 “<literal>$LANG</literal>” 環境變數來設定語言環境。我沒有看到"
"在 UTF-8 語言環境下設定複雜的 “<literal>LC_*</literal>” 變數組合有什麼好處"
"（參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even plain English text may contain non-ASCII characters, e.g. slightly "
"curly left and right quotation marks are not available in ASCII."
msgstr ""
"即使純英文文字也可能包含非 ASCII 字元，例如微微卷曲的左右引號在 ASCII 中是不"
"可用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"“double quoted text” is not \"double quoted ASCII\"\n"
"‘single quoted text’ is not 'single quoted ASCII'"
msgstr ""
"“雙引號的文字” 並非 “雙引號的 ASCII”\n"
"‘單引號的文字’ 並非 ‘單引號的 ASCII’"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> plain text data is converted to "
"<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> one, it has exactly the same content and "
"size as the original ASCII one.  So you loose nothing by deploying UTF-8 "
"locale."
msgstr ""
"當純 <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 文字資料轉換為 <ulink url=\"&utfi;"
"\">UTF-8</ulink> 後，它會具有與原本完全相同的內容和大小。因此使用 UTF-8 語言"
"環境並不會使你損失什麼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Some programs consume more memory after supporting I18N.  This is because "
"they are coded to use <ulink url=\"&utfdcucse;\">UTF-32(UCS4)</ulink> "
"internally to support Unicode for speed optimization and consume 4 bytes per "
"each ASCII character data independent of locale selected.  Again, you loose "
"nothing by deploying UTF-8 locale."
msgstr ""
"一些程式在支援 I8N 後會消耗更多的記憶體。這是因為它們為了速度優化，而在內部使"
"用 <ulink url=\"&utfdcucse;\">UTF-32(UCS4)</ulink> 來支援 Unicode，並且每個獨"
"立於語言環境所選的 ASCII 字元資料都會消耗 4 個位元組。再一次地，使用 UTF-8 語"
"言環境並不會使你損失什麼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The vendor specific old non-UTF-8 encoding systems tend to have minor but "
"annoying differences on some characters such as graphic ones for many "
"countries.  The deployment of the UTF-8 system by the modern OSs practically "
"solved these conflicting encoding issues."
msgstr ""
"供應商指定的舊的非 UTF-8 編碼系統在一些字元上往往有較小但惱人的不同，例如許多"
"國家使用的字形。而使用了 UTF-8 系統的現代作業系統基本上能解決這行編碼衝突問"
"題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The reconfiguration of the locale"
msgstr "語言環境的重新配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order for the system to access a particular locale, the locale data must "
"be compiled from the locale database. (The Debian system does <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">not</emphasis> come with all available locales pre-compiled "
"unless you installed the <literal>locales-all</literal> package.) The full "
"list of supported locales available for compiling is available in "
"\"<literal>/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED</literal>\". This lists all the proper "
"locale names.  The following lists all the available UTF-8 locales already "
"compiled to the binary form."
msgstr ""
"為了使系統訪問特定的語言環境，必須從語言環境資料庫編譯相應語言環境資料。"
"（Debian 系統<emphasis role=\"strong\">不</emphasis>帶有所有提前編譯的可用語"
"言環境，除非你安裝 <literal>locales-all</literal> 軟體包。）所支援的可編譯語"
"言環境的完整列表位於 “<literal>/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED</literal>”，它列出了"
"所有準確的語言環境名稱。下列命令列出已編譯成二進位制形式的所有可用的 UTF-8 語"
"言環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ locale -a | grep utf8"
msgstr "$ locale -a | grep utf8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following command execution reconfigures the <literal>locales</literal> "
"package."
msgstr "下列的命令會重新配置 <literal>locales</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure locales"
msgstr "# dpkg-reconfigure locales"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This process involves 3 steps."
msgstr "該過程包含 3 個步驟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Update the list of available locales"
msgstr "更新可用的語言環境列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Compile them into the binary form"
msgstr "將它們編譯為二進位制形式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set the system wide default locale value in \"<literal>/etc/default/locale</"
"literal>\" for use by PAM (see <xref linkend=\"_pam_and_nss\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"在 “<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>” 設定系統預設的語言環境值給 PAM 使"
"用（參見 <xref linkend=\"_pam_and_nss\"/>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The list of available locale should include \"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"
"\" and all the interesting languages with \"<literal>UTF-8</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"可用的語言環境列表應該包含 “<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>” 和所有你感興趣的"
"帶有 “<literal>UTF-8</literal>” 的語言。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The recommended default locale is \"<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" for US "
"English.  For other languages, please make sure to chose locale with "
"\"<literal>UTF-8</literal>\".  Any one of these settings can handle any "
"international characters."
msgstr ""
"對於美式英語，推薦預設的語言環境為 “<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>”。對於其它"
"語言，請確保所選的語言環境帶有 “<literal>UTF-8</literal>”。這些設定中的任何一"
"個都能夠處理任何國際字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Although setting locale to \"<literal>C</literal>\" uses US English message, "
"it handles only ASCII characters."
msgstr ""
"雖然將語言環境設定為 “<literal>C</literal>” 會使用美式英語，但它只處理 ASCII "
"字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The value of the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" environment variable"
msgstr "“<literal>$LANG</literal>” 環境變數的值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The value of the \"<literal>$LANG</literal>\" environment variable is set "
"and changed by many applications."
msgstr "“<literal>$LANG</literal>” 環境變數的值由許多應用程式設定和改變。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set initially by the PAM mechanism of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for the local Linux "
"console programs"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的 PAM 機制為本地 Linux 控制檯程式進行了最初的設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set initially by the PAM mechanism of the display manager for all X programs"
msgstr "顯示管理器的 PAM 機制為所有的 X 程式進行了最初的設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set initially by the PAM mechanism of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for the remote console "
"programs"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的 PAM 機制為遠端控制檯程式進行了最初的設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Changed by some display manager such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for all X programs"
msgstr ""
"一些顯示管理器，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 會為所有 X 程式改變設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Changed by the X session startup code via \"<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>"
"\" for all X programs"
msgstr ""
"通過 “<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>”，X 會話啟動碼會為所有 X 程式改變設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Changed by the shell startup code, e.g. \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\", "
"for all console programs"
msgstr ""
"shell 啟動碼，例如 “<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>”，會為所有控制檯程式改變設定"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"It is a good idea to install system wide default locale as \"<literal>en_US."
"UTF-8</literal>\" for maximum compatibility."
msgstr ""
"將系統預設語言環境設定為 “<literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>” 能夠獲得最大的相容"
"性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Specific locale only under X Window"
msgstr "只用於 X 視窗的特定語言環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can chose specific locale only under X Window irrespective of your "
"system wide default locale using PAM customization (see <xref linkend="
"\"_pam_and_nss\"/>) as follows."
msgstr ""
"你可以像下面那樣選擇只用於 X 視窗的特定語言環境，而不管你的系統使用 PAM 定製"
"（參見 <xref linkend=\"_pam_and_nss\"/>）的預設語言環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This environment should provide you with your best desktop experience with "
"stability.  You have access to the functioning character terminal with "
"readable messages even when the X Window System is not working.  This "
"becomes essential for languages which use non-roman characters such as "
"Chinese, Japanese, and Korean."
msgstr ""
"這個環境能夠給你提供最好的桌面體驗，並保持穩定。即使 X 視窗系統不工作，你也可"
"以訪問帶有可讀資訊的多功能字元終端。這對於使用非羅馬字元（如中文，日語和韓"
"語）的語言來說是必不可少的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"There may be another way available as the improvement of X session manager "
"package but please read following as the generic and basic method of setting "
"the locale.  For <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, I know you can select "
"the locale of X session via its memu."
msgstr ""
"改善 X 會話管理軟體包可能會使另一種可用的方法，但請閱讀下面的內容作為設定語言"
"環境的通用和基礎的方法。對於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，我們知道你能夠通過它的"
"選單來選擇 X 會話的語言環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following line defines file location of the language environment in the "
"PAM configuration file, such as \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/gdm3</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 PAM 配置檔案中的下面這行定義了語言環境的檔案位置，例如 “<literal>/etc/pam."
"d/gdm3</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "auth    required        pam_env.so read_env=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale"
msgstr "auth    required        pam_env.so read_env=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Change this to the following."
msgstr "將這行改成下面那樣。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "auth    required        pam_env.so read_env=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale-x"
msgstr "auth    required        pam_env.so read_env=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale-x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For Japanese, create a \"<literal>/etc/default/locale-x</literal>\" file "
"with \"<literal>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root</literal>\" permission containing the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"對於中文，建立一個帶有 “<literal>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root</literal>” 許可權的 "
"“<literal>/etc/default/locale-x</literal>” 檔案，幷包含下面這行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "LANG=\"ja_JP.UTF-8\""
msgstr "LANG=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Keep the default \"<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>\" file for other "
"programs as the the following."
msgstr ""
"保持用於其它程式的預設 “<literal>/etc/default/locale</literal>” 檔案有下面這"
"行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\""
msgstr "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is the most generic technique to customize locale and makes the menu "
"selection dialog of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> itself to be localized."
msgstr ""
"這是定製語言環境最通用的技術，並且會使 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 本身的選單選擇對話方塊"
"被本地化。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively for this case, you may simply change locale using the "
"\"<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""
"對於該情況的另一種解決方法是使用 “<literal>~/.xsessionrc</literal>” 檔案來改"
"變語言環境。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Filename encoding"
msgstr "檔名編碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For cross platform data exchanges (see <xref linkend="
"\"_removable_storage_device\"/>), you may need to mount some filesystem with "
"particular encodings.  For example, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for <ulink url="
"\"&vfatfilesystem;\">vfat filesystem</ulink> assumes <ulink url=\"&cpedh;"
"\">CP437</ulink> if used without option.  You need to provide explicit mount "
"option to use <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&cpjdc;"
"\">CP932</ulink> for filenames."
msgstr ""
"對於跨平臺的資料交換(參見 <xref linkend=\"_removable_storage_device\"/>),你需"
"要使用特殊的編碼掛載檔案系統.舉個例子，不使用選項時，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 假設 <ulink url=\"&vfatfilesystem;\">vfat 檔案系統</ulink> 使"
"用 <ulink url=\"&cpedh;\">CP437</ulink>.  你需要給檔名提供明確的掛載選項來使"
"用<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&cpjdc;\">CP932</"
"ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When auto-mounting a hot-pluggable USB memory stick under modern desktop "
"environment such as GNOME, you may provide such mount option by right "
"clicking the icon on the desktop, click \"Drive\" tab, click to expand "
"\"Setting\", and entering \"utf8\" to \"Mount options:\".  The next time "
"this memory stick is mounted, mount with UTF-8 is enabled."
msgstr ""
"在 GNOME 這類的現代桌面環境下，當自動掛載一個熱拔插 U 盤時，你可以提供這樣的"
"掛載選項。右擊桌面上的圖示，點選 \"Drive\" , \"Setting\", 輸入 \"utf8\" 到 "
"\"Mount options:\". 當這個 U 盤下次掛載時，UTF-8 就可以了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you are upgrading system or moving disk drives from older non-UTF-8 "
"system, file names with non-ASCII characters may be encoded in the historic "
"and deprecated encodings such as <ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</"
"ulink> or <ulink url=\"&eucjp;\">eucJP</ulink>.  Please seek help of text "
"conversion tools to convert them to <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink>. See "
"<xref linkend=\"_text_data_conversion_tools\"/>."
msgstr ""
"如果你在升級一個系統，或者從老的非 UTF-8 系統遷移磁碟，非 ASCII 字元的檔名也"
"許是使用老舊的 <ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</ulink> 或 <ulink url="
"\"&eucjp;\">eucJP</ulink> 來編碼.  請尋求文字轉換工具把他們轉換到 <ulink url="
"\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink>. 參見 <xref linkend=\"_text_data_conversion_tools\"/"
">."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink> uses Unicode for newer clients (Windows "
"NT, 200x, XP) but uses <ulink url=\"&cpifa;\">CP850</ulink> for older "
"clients (DOS and Windows 9x/Me) as default.  This default for older clients "
"can be changed using \"<literal>dos charset</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/"
"etc/samba/smb.conf</literal>\" file, e.g., to <ulink url=\"&cpjdc;\">CP932</"
"ulink> for Japanese."
msgstr ""
"在預設情況下，<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink> 對新的客戶端(Windows NT, "
"200x, XP)使用 Unicode，但對老的客戶端(DOS 和 Windows 9x/Me)使用 <ulink url="
"\"&cpifa;\">CP850</ulink>.可以在  \"<literal>/etc/samba/smb.conf</literal>\" "
"檔案裡面，使用\"<literal>dos charset</literal>\" 來改變老客戶端的這個預設編"
"碼。比如說，<ulink url=\"&cpjdc;\">CP932</ulink> 表示為日語。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Localized messages and translated documentation"
msgstr "本地化資訊和翻譯文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Translations exist for many of the text messages and documents that are "
"displayed in the Debian system, such as error messages, standard program "
"output, menus, and manual pages.  <ulink url=\"&gnugettextbcommandtoolchain;"
"\">GNU gettext(1) command tool chain</ulink> is used as the backend tool for "
"most translation activities."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統中顯示的許多文件和文字資訊有翻譯存在，比如錯誤資訊、標準程式輸"
"出、選單和手冊頁。<ulink url=\"&gnugettextbcommandtoolchain;\">GNU "
"gettext(1) 命令工具鏈</ulink>是大部分翻譯活動的後端工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Under \"Tasks\" → \"Localization\" <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> provides an extensive "
"list of useful binary packages which add localized messages to applications "
"and provide translated documentation."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>  裡，\"Tasks\" → \"Localization\" 提供一個有用的二"
"進位制包擴充套件列表， 給應用程式增加本地化資訊和提供翻譯文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, you can obtain the localized message for manpage by installing "
"the <literal>manpages-&lt;LANG&gt;</literal> package. To read the Italian-"
"language manpage for &lt;programname&gt; from \"<literal>/usr/share/man/it/</"
"literal>\", execute as the following."
msgstr ""
"舉個例子，你可以安裝 <literal>manpages-&lt;LANG&gt;</literal> 包來獲得本地化 "
"man 手冊頁資訊。從 \"<literal>/usr/share/man/it/</literal>\" 來讀取 &lt;"
"programname&gt; 義大利語的 man 手冊頁 ,執行下面的操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "LANG=it_IT.UTF-8 man &lt;programname&gt;"
msgstr "LANG=it_IT.UTF-8 man &lt;programname&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Effects of the locale"
msgstr "語言環境的影響"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The sort order of characters with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is affected by the "
"language choice of the locale. Spanish and English locale sort differently."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sort</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的字元排序，受 語言環境的影響. 西班牙語和英語語言環境排序是不一"
"樣的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The date format of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is affected by the "
"locale.  The date format of \"<literal>LANG=C ls -l</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" are different (see <xref linkend="
"\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的日期格式受語言環境影響.  \"<literal>LANG=C ls -l</literal>\" "
"和 \"<literal>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</literal>\" 的日期格式是不一樣的(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_customized_display_of_time_and_date\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Number punctuation are different for locales.  For example, in English "
"locale, one thousand one point one is displayed as \"<literal>1,000.1</"
"literal>\" while in German locale, it is displayed as \"<literal>1.000,1</"
"literal>\".  You may see this difference in spreadsheet program."
msgstr ""
"不同語言環境的數字標點不一樣.比如說，英語語言環境中, 一千點一顯示為 "
"\"<literal>1,000.1</literal>\"，而在德語語言環境中,它顯示為 "
"\"<literal>1.000,1</literal>\".  你可以在電子表格程式裡面看到這個不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "System tips"
msgstr "系統技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Here, I describe basic tips to configure and manage systems, mostly from the "
"console."
msgstr "這裡，描述配置和管理系統的基本技巧，大部分在控制檯操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The screen program"
msgstr "screen 程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is a very useful tool for people to access remote sites via "
"unreliable or intermittent connections since it supports interrupted network "
"connections."
msgstr ""
"對通過不可靠或斷斷續續的連線訪問遠端主機的人們而言，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是一個非常有用的工具，因為它支援可中斷的網路連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of programs to support interrupted network connections"
msgstr "支援可中斷網路連線的程式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "terminal multiplexer with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation"
msgstr "VT100/ANSI 終端模擬器混合複用的終端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "terminal multiplexer alternative (Use \"Control-B\" instead)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The use scenario for screen(1)"
msgstr "screen(1) 的使用場景"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> not only allows one terminal window to work with multiple "
"processes, but also allows <emphasis role=\"strong\">remote shell process to "
"survive interrupted connections</emphasis>.  Here is a typical use scenario "
"of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 不但允許一個終端視窗執行多個程序，還允許<emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">遠端 shell 程序支援中斷的連線</emphasis>.這裡是一個典型的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用場景."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "You login to a remote machine."
msgstr "登入到一個遠端機器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "You start <literal>screen</literal> on a single console."
msgstr "在單個控制檯上啟動 <literal>screen</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You execute multiple programs in <literal>screen</literal> windows created "
"with <literal>^A c</literal> (\"Control-A\" followed by \"c\")."
msgstr ""
"使用 <literal>^A c</literal> (\"Control-A\" 接著 \"c\")在 <literal>screen</"
"literal> 中建立的視窗執行多個程式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You switch among the multiple <literal>screen</literal> windows by "
"<literal>^A n</literal> (\"Control-A\" followed by \"n\")."
msgstr ""
"按 <literal>^A n</literal> (\"Control-A\" 接著\"n\")來在多個 "
"<literal>screen</literal> 視窗間轉換."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Suddenly you need to leave your terminal, but you don't want to lose your "
"active work by keeping the connection."
msgstr ""
"突然，你需要離開你的終端，但你不想丟掉正在做的工作，而這些工作需要連線來保"
"持。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You may <emphasis role=\"strong\">detach</emphasis> the <literal>screen</"
"literal> session by any methods."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過任何方式<emphasis role=\"strong\">分離</emphasis> <literal>screen</"
"literal> 會話。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Brutally unplug your network connection"
msgstr "殘忍地拔掉你的網路連線"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type <literal>^A d</literal> (\"Control-A\" followed by \"d\") and manually "
"logging out from the remote connection"
msgstr ""
"輸入 <literal>^A d</literal> (\"Control-A\" 接著 \"d\") 並手工從遠端連線退出"
"登入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Type <literal>^A DD</literal> (\"Control-A\" followed by \"DD\") to have "
"<literal>screen</literal> detach and log you out"
msgstr ""
"輸入 <literal>^A DD</literal> (\"Control-A\" 接著 \"DD\") 分離 "
"<literal>screen</literal> 並退出登入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You log in again to the same remote machine (even from a different terminal)."
msgstr "你重新登入到同一個遠處主機（即使從不同的終端）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"You start <literal>screen</literal> as \"<literal>screen -r</literal>\"."
msgstr "使用 \"<literal>screen -r</literal>\" 啟動 <literal>screen</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>screen</literal> magically <emphasis role=\"strong\">reattaches</"
"emphasis> all previous <literal>screen</literal> windows with all actively "
"running programs."
msgstr ""
"<literal>screen</literal> 魔術般的<emphasis role=\"strong\">重新附上</"
"emphasis>先前所有的 <literal>screen</literal> 視窗和所有在活動執行的程式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can save connection fees with <literal>screen</literal> for metered "
"network connections such as dial-up and packet ones, because you can leave a "
"process active while disconnected, and then re-attach it later when you "
"connect again."
msgstr ""
"對於撥號或者按包計費的網路連線，你可以通過 <literal>screen</literal> 節省連線"
"費用，應為你可以在斷開連線時讓一個程序繼續執行，當你稍後再次連線時重新附上"
"它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Key bindings for the screen command"
msgstr "screen 命令的鍵繫結"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In a <literal>screen</literal> session, all keyboard inputs are sent to your "
"current window except for the command keystroke.  All <literal>screen</"
"literal> command keystrokes are entered by typing <literal>^A</literal> "
"(\"Control-A\") plus a single key [plus any parameters].  Here are important "
"ones to remember."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>screen</literal> 會話裡,除了命令按鍵外的所有鍵盤輸入都會被髮送到"
"當前視窗。 <literal>screen</literal> 所有命令按鍵是通過 <literal>^A</"
"literal> (\"Control-A\") 加單個鍵[加任何引數] 來輸入.這裡有一些重要的命令按鍵"
"需要記住。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of key bindings for screen"
msgstr "screen 鍵繫結列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A ?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A ?</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show a help screen (display key bindings)"
msgstr "顯示幫助螢幕（顯示鍵繫結）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A c</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "create a new window and switch to it"
msgstr "建立一個新的視窗並切換到該視窗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A n</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A n</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "go to next window"
msgstr "到下一個視窗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A p</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A p</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "go to previous window"
msgstr "到前一個視窗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A 0</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A 0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "go to window number 0"
msgstr "到 0 號視窗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A 1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A 1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "go to window number 1"
msgstr "到 1 號視窗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A w</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A w</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show a list of windows"
msgstr "顯示視窗列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A a</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "send a Ctrl-A to current window as keyboard input"
msgstr "作為鍵盤輸入傳送 Ctrl-A 到當前視窗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A h</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A h</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "write a hardcopy of current window to file"
msgstr "把當前視窗的硬拷貝寫到一個檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A H</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A H</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "begin/end logging current window to file"
msgstr "開始/結束 當前視窗到檔案的記錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A ^X</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A ^X</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "lock the terminal (password protected)"
msgstr "鎖定終端(密碼保護)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A d</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A d</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "detach screen session from the terminal"
msgstr "從終端分離 screen 會話"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^A DD</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^A DD</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "detach screen session and log out"
msgstr "分離 screen 會話並退出登入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for details."
msgstr ""
"細節參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Data recording and presentation"
msgstr "資料記錄和展示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The log daemon"
msgstr "日誌後臺守護程序（daemon）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many programs record their activities under the \"<literal>/var/log/</"
"literal>\" directory."
msgstr "許多程式在\"<literal>/var/log/</literal>\" 目錄下記錄它們的活動."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The system log daemon: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"系統日誌後臺守護程序（daemon）: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_the_system_message\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_the_kernel_message\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_system_message\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_kernel_message\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Log analyzer"
msgstr "日誌分析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are notable log analyzers (\"<literal>~Gsecurity::log-analyzer</literal>"
"\" in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
msgstr ""
"這裡是主要的日誌分析軟體 (\"<literal>~Gsecurity::log-analyzer</literal>\" 在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of system log analyzers"
msgstr "系統日誌分析軟體列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "log analyzer with nice output written in Perl"
msgstr "用 Perl 寫的日誌分析軟體，有好的輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "web server log analyzer"
msgstr "web 伺服器日誌分析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "powerful and featureful web server log analyzer"
msgstr "強大和特性全面的 web 伺服器日誌分析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "squid analysis report generator"
msgstr "生成 squid 分析報告"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Postfix log entry summarizer"
msgstr "Postfix 日誌條目概要"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "summarize the contents of a syslog log file"
msgstr "總結 syslog 日誌檔案內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "firewall log analyzer"
msgstr "防火牆日誌分析軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "monitor and analyze squid access.log files"
msgstr "監控和分析 squid access.log 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "log file viewer with regexp matching, highlighting, and hooks"
msgstr "有正則表示式、高亮和曲線的日誌檔案檢視器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Controllable Regex Mutilator and Spam Filter (CRM114)"
msgstr "Controllable Regex Mutilator 和垃圾郵件過濾 (CRM114)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "interpret ICMP messages"
msgstr "解釋 ICMP 資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&crmbbe;\">CRM114</ulink> provides language infrastructure to "
"write <emphasis role=\"strong\">fuzzy</emphasis> filters with the <ulink url="
"\"&treregexlibrary;\">TRE regex library</ulink>.  Its popular use is spam "
"mail filter but it can be used as log analyzer."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&crmbbe;\">CRM114</ulink> 提供語言架構來寫<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">模糊</emphasis> 過濾器，使用了 <ulink url=\"&treregexlibrary;"
"\">TRE 正則表示式庫</ulink> 。它主要在垃圾郵件過濾器中使用，但也能夠用於日誌"
"分析。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recording the shell activities cleanly"
msgstr "清晰的記錄 shell 活動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The simple use of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_recording_the_shell_activities\"/>) to record shell activity produces a "
"file with control characters.  This can be avoided by using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>col</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> as the following."
msgstr ""
"簡單地使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> （參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_recording_the_shell_activities\"/>）記錄 shell 活動會產生一個有控制字元的"
"檔案。這些控制字元可以按下面的方式，使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>col</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 去掉。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Do whatever … and press <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> to exit <literal>script</"
"literal>."
msgstr "做些操作……按 <literal>Ctrl-D</literal> 退出 <literal>script</literal>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ col -bx &lt;typescript &gt;cleanedfile\n"
"$ vim cleanedfile"
msgstr ""
"$ col -bx &lt;typescript &gt;cleanedfile\n"
"$ vim cleanedfile"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you don't have <literal>script</literal> (for example, during the boot "
"process in the initramfs), you can use the following instead."
msgstr ""
"如果你沒有 <literal>script</literal> (例如：在 initramfs 裡的啟動過程中），你"
"可以使用下面的方式代替。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sh -i 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee typescript"
msgstr "$ sh -i 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee typescript"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Some <literal>x-terminal-emulator</literal> such as <literal>gnome-terminal</"
"literal> can record.  You may wish to extend line buffer for scrollback."
msgstr ""
"像 <literal>gnome-terminal</literal> 之類的<literal>x-terminal-emulator</"
"literal> 也能夠記錄。你也許需要增加行緩衝來用滾動條檢視。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> with \"<literal>^A H</literal>\" (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_key_bindings_for_the_screen_command\"/>) to perform recording of "
"console."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 \"<literal>^A H</literal>\" (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_key_bindings_for_the_screen_command\"/>)來進行控制檯記錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> with \"<literal>M-x shell</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>M-x eshell</literal>\", or \"<literal>M-x term</literal>\" to "
"perform recording of console.  You may later use \"<literal>C-x C-w</literal>"
"\" to write the buffer to a file."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>emacs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 \"<literal>M-x shell</literal>\", \"<literal>M-"
"x eshell</literal>\", 或 \"<literal>M-x term</literal>\" 來進行控制檯記錄。你"
"稍後可以使用 \"<literal>C-x C-w</literal>\" 將緩衝寫到檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customized display of text data"
msgstr "定製文字資料的顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although pager tools such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (see <xref linkend=\"_the_pager\"/>) and custom tools for "
"highlighting and formatting (see <xref linkend="
"\"_highlighting_and_formatting_plain_text_data\"/>) can display text data "
"nicely, general purpose editors (see <xref linkend=\"_the_text_editor\"/>) "
"are most versatile and customizable."
msgstr ""
"儘管例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>more</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 這樣的分頁程式（參見 "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_pager\"/>）和用於高亮和格式的自定義工具（參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_highlighting_and_formatting_plain_text_data\"/>）可以漂亮地顯示文"
"字資料，但通用的編輯器 （參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_text_editor\"/>）是用途最"
"廣的，且可定製性最高。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and its pager mode alias "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>view</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, \"<literal>:set hls</literal>\" enables highlighted search."
msgstr ""
"對於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和它的分頁模式別名 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>view</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，“<literal>:set hls</literal>” 可以啟用高亮搜尋。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customized display of time and date"
msgstr "定製時間和日期的顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default display format of time and date by the \"<literal>ls -l</literal>"
"\" command depends on the <emphasis role=\"strong\">locale</emphasis> (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_timestamps\"/> for value).  The \"<literal>$LANG</literal>"
"\" variable is referred first and it can be overridden by the \"<literal>"
"$LC_TIME</literal>\" variable."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>ls -l</literal>” 命令預設的時間和日期顯示格式取決於<emphasis role="
"\"strong\">語言環境</emphasis>（相關的值參見 <xref linkend=\"_timestamps\"/"
">）。“<literal>$LANG</literal>” 變數將被首先考慮，但它會被 “<literal>"
"$LC_TIME</literal>” 變數覆蓋。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The actual default display format for each locale depends on the version of "
"the standard C library (the <literal>libc6</literal> package) used.  I.e., "
"different releases of Debian had different defaults."
msgstr ""
"每個語言環境實際的預設顯示格式取決於所使用的 C 標準庫的版本（<literal>libc6</"
"literal> 軟體包），也就是說，不同的 Debian 發行版有不同的預設情況。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you really wish to customize this display format of time and date beyond "
"the <emphasis role=\"strong\">locale</emphasis>, you should set the "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">time style value</emphasis> by the \"<literal>--"
"time-style</literal>\" argument or by the \"<literal>$TIME_STYLE</literal>\" "
"value (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, \"<literal>info "
"coreutils 'ls invocation'</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"如果你真的想自定義超出<emphasis role=\"strong\">語言環境</emphasis>的時間和日"
"期顯示格式，你應該通過 “<literal>--time-style</literal>” 引數或 “<literal>"
"$TIME_STYLE</literal>” 的值來設定<emphasis role=\"strong\">時間樣式值</"
"emphasis>（參見<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>、“<literal>info "
"coreutils 'ls invocation'</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"Display examples of time and date for the \"<literal>ls -l</literal>\" "
"command for <literal>wheezy</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>wheezy</literal> 中 “<literal>ls -l</literal>” 命令時間和日期的顯示"
"案例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "time style value"
msgstr "時間樣式值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "locale"
msgstr "語言環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "display of time and date"
msgstr "時間和日期顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>iso</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>iso</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "any"
msgstr "任何值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>01-19 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>01-19 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>long-iso</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>long-iso</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>2009-01-19 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>2009-01-19 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>full-iso</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>full-iso</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>2009-01-19 00:15:16.000000000 +0900</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>2009-01-19 00:15:16.000000000 +0900</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>locale</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>locale</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>Jan 19 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>Jan 19 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ene 19 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ene 19 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>+%d.%m.%y %H:%M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>+%d.%m.%y %H:%M</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>19.01.09 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>19.01.09 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>+%d.%b.%y %H:%M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>+%d.%b.%y %H:%M</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>C</literal> or <literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>C</literal> or <literal>en_US.UTF-8</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>19.Jan.09 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>19.Jan.09 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>19.ene.09 00:15</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>19.ene.09 00:15</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can eliminate typing long option on commandline using command alias, e."
"g. \"<literal>alias ls='ls --time-style=+%d.%m.%y\\ %H:%M'</literal>\" (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_command_alias\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用命令別名以避免在命令列中輸入長的選項，例如 “<literal>alias ls='ls "
"--time-style=+%d.%m.%y\\ %H:%M'</literal>”（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_command_alias\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&isoigab;\">ISO 8601</ulink> is followed for these iso-formats."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isoigab;\">ISO 8601</ulink> 遵循這些 iso 格式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Colorized shell echo"
msgstr "shell 中 echo 的顏色"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Shell echo to most modern terminals can be colorized using <ulink url="
"\"&ansiescapecode;\">ANSI escape code</ulink> (see \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"xterm/ctlseqs.txt.gz</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"大部分現代終端的 shell 中 echo 能夠使用 <ulink url=\"&ansiescapecode;\">ANSI "
"轉義字元</ulink>來顯示顏色（參見 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/xterm/ctlseqs.txt."
"gz</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ RED=$(printf \"\\x1b[31m\")\n"
"$ NORMAL=$(printf \"\\x1b[0m\")\n"
"$ REVERSE=$(printf \"\\x1b[7m\")\n"
"$ echo \"${RED}RED-TEXT${NORMAL} ${REVERSE}REVERSE-TEXT${NORMAL}\""
msgstr ""
"$ RED=$(printf \"\\x1b[31m\")\n"
"$ NORMAL=$(printf \"\\x1b[0m\")\n"
"$ REVERSE=$(printf \"\\x1b[7m\")\n"
"$ echo \"${RED}RED-TEXT${NORMAL} ${REVERSE}REVERSE-TEXT${NORMAL}\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Colorized commands"
msgstr "有顏色輸出的命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Colorized commands are handy for inspecting their output in the interactive "
"environment.  I include the following in my \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在互動式的環境下，命令的輸出帶顏色，能夠給檢查命令的輸出帶來便利。 我在我的"
"\"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"里加入了下面內容."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if [ \"$TERM\" != \"dumb\" ]; then\n"
"    eval \"`dircolors -b`\"\n"
"    alias ls='ls --color=always'\n"
"    alias ll='ls --color=always -l'\n"
"    alias la='ls --color=always -A'\n"
"    alias less='less -R'\n"
"    alias ls='ls --color=always'\n"
"    alias grep='grep --color=always'\n"
"    alias egrep='egrep --color=always'\n"
"    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=always'\n"
"    alias zgrep='zgrep --color=always'\n"
"else\n"
"    alias ll='ls -l'\n"
"    alias la='ls -A'\n"
"fi"
msgstr ""
"if [ \"$TERM\" != \"dumb\" ]; then\n"
"    eval \"`dircolors -b`\"\n"
"    alias ls='ls --color=always'\n"
"    alias ll='ls --color=always -l'\n"
"    alias la='ls --color=always -A'\n"
"    alias less='less -R'\n"
"    alias ls='ls --color=always'\n"
"    alias grep='grep --color=always'\n"
"    alias egrep='egrep --color=always'\n"
"    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=always'\n"
"    alias zgrep='zgrep --color=always'\n"
"else\n"
"    alias ll='ls -l'\n"
"    alias la='ls -A'\n"
"fi"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The use of alias limits color effects to the interactive command usage.  It "
"has advantage over exporting environment variable \"<literal>export "
"GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto'</literal>\" since color can be seen under pager "
"programs such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  If you wish to "
"suppress color when piping to other programs, use \"<literal>--color=auto</"
"literal>\" instead in the above example for \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在互動式命令中，使用別名來限制顏色的影響範圍。匯出環境變數 \"<literal>export "
"GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto'</literal>\" 也有好處，這樣能夠讓 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 之類的頁面程式看到顏色。當使用管道到其它命令時，你想去掉顏色，"
"上面列子 \"<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>\" 中的內容，可以使用 \"<literal>--"
"color=auto</literal>\" 代替."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can turn off these colorizing aliases in the interactive environment by "
"invoking shell with \"<literal>TERM=dumb bash</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在互動式的環境中，通過\"<literal>TERM=dumb bash</literal>\"呼叫 shell ，你能"
"夠關閉這些顏色別名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recording the editor activities for complex repeats"
msgstr "記錄編輯器複雜的重複操作動作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can record the editor activities for complex repeats."
msgstr "你能夠記錄編輯器複雜的重複操作動作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>, as follows."
msgstr "對於 <ulink url=\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink>,請按下面操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>qa</literal>\": start recording typed characters into named "
"register \"<literal>a</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>qa</literal>\": 開始記錄輸入字元到有名字的暫存器 \"<literal>a</"
"literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "… editor activities"
msgstr "… 編輯器操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>q</literal>\": end recording typed characters."
msgstr "\"<literal>q</literal>\": 結束記錄輸入的字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>@a</literal>\": execute the contents of register \"<literal>a</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr "\"<literal>@a</literal>\":執行暫存器 \"<literal>a</literal> 的內容\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink>, as follows."
msgstr "對於 <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink>, 請按下面操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>C-x (</literal>\": start defining a keyboard macro."
msgstr "\"<literal>C-x (</literal>\": 開始定義一個鍵盤巨集."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>C-x )</literal>\": end defining a keyboard macro."
msgstr "\"<literal>C-x )</literal>\":結束定義一個鍵盤巨集."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>C-x e</literal>\": execute a keyboard macro."
msgstr "\"<literal>C-x e</literal>\": 執行一個鍵盤巨集."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recording the graphic image of an X application"
msgstr "記錄 X 應用程式的圖形"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are few ways to record the graphic image of an X application, "
"including an <literal>xterm</literal> display."
msgstr ""
"有少量方法可以記錄 X 應用程式的影象，包括<literal>xterm</literal> 顯示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of graphic image manipulation tools"
msgstr "圖形影象處理工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI menu"
msgstr "GUI 選單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>import</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>import</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>scrot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>scrot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Recording changes in configuration files"
msgstr "記錄配置檔案的變更"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are specialized tools to record changes in configuration files with "
"help of DVCS system."
msgstr "有特定的工具可以通過 DVCS 系統的幫助來記錄配置檔案的變更。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages to record configuration history in VCS"
msgstr "在 VCS 中記錄配置歷史的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"store configuration files and their metadata with <ulink url=\"&git;\">Git</"
"ulink> (default), <ulink url=\"&mercurial;\">Mercurial</ulink>, or <ulink "
"url=\"&bazaar;\">Bazaar</ulink> (new)"
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&git;\">Git</ulink>（預設）、<ulink url=\"&mercurial;"
"\">Mercurial</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&bazaar;\">Bazaar</ulink>（新）來儲存配"
"置檔案和它們的元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "store configuration files with <ulink url=\"&rcs;\">RCS</ulink> (old)"
msgstr "使用 <ulink url=\"&rcs;\">RCS</ulink>（舊）儲存配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I recommend to use the <literal>etckeeper</literal> package with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which put entire \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" under VCS "
"control.  Its installation guide and tutorial are found in \"<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/etckeeper/README.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"我建議使用帶有 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 <literal>etckeeper</literal> 軟體包，它將整個 "
"“<literal>/etc</literal>” 置於 VCS 控制之下。它的安裝指南和教程參見 "
"“<literal>/usr/share/doc/etckeeper/README.gz</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Essentially, running \"<literal>sudo etckeeper init</literal>\" initializes "
"the git repository for \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" just like the process "
"explained in <xref linkend=\"_git_for_recording_configuration_history\"/> "
"but with special hook scripts for more thorough setups."
msgstr ""
"從本質上講，執行 “<literal>sudo etckeeper init</literal>” 來為 “<literal>/"
"etc</literal>” 初始化 git 倉庫，與 <xref linkend="
"\"_git_for_recording_configuration_history\"/> 中所解釋的過程相似，但需要特殊"
"的 hook 指令碼來進行更全面的設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"As you change your configuration, you can use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> normally to record them.  It automatically records changes "
"nicely every time you run package management commands, too."
msgstr ""
"當你改變你的配置時，你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來正常地記錄它們。你每"
"次執行軟體包管理命令時，它也會自動記錄變更。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can browse the change history of \"<literal>/etc</literal>\" by "
"executing \"<literal>sudo GIT_DIR=/etc/.git gitk</literal>\" with clear view "
"for new installed packages, removed packages, and version changes of "
"packages."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過執行 “<literal>sudo GIT_DIR=/etc/.git gitk</literal>” 來瀏覽 "
"“<literal>/etc</literal>” 的變更記錄，你可以清晰地看到新的已安裝軟體包、已移"
"除軟體包和軟體包版本的變更。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Monitoring, controlling, and starting program activities"
msgstr "監控、控制和啟動程式活動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Program activities can be monitored and controlled using specialized tools."
msgstr "程式活動能夠使用特殊的工具監控和控制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools for monitoring and controlling program activities"
msgstr "監控和控制程式活動工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: run a program with modified scheduling priority"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: 用指定的排程優先權執行一個程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>renice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: modify the scheduling priority of a running process"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>renice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: 調整一個目前在執行的程序的排程優先權值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/proc</literal>\" filesystem utilities: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>watch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/proc</literal>\" 檔案系統工具: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>watch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/proc</literal>\" filesystem utilities: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>killall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fuser</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>peekfd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pstree</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/proc</literal>\" 檔案系統工具: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>killall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fuser</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>peekfd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pstree</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: run a program to report system resource usages with respect "
"to time"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:執行一個程式，並從時間消耗方面來報告系統資源的使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iostat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mpstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, …: system performance tools for Linux"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iostat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mpstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, …: linux 系統性能工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Interactive System Activity Grapher for sysstat"
msgstr "sysstat 的互動式的系統活動圖"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsof</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: list files opened by a running process using \"<literal>-p</"
"literal>\" option"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsof</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: 使用 \"<literal>-p</literal>\" 選項列出被一個系統程序開啟的檔"
"案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>strace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: trace system calls and signals"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>strace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:跟蹤系統呼叫和訊號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ltrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: trace library calls"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ltrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: 跟蹤庫呼叫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xtrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: trace communication between X11 client and server"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xtrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:跟蹤 X11 客戶端和伺服器端之間的通訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>powertop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>: information about system power use"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>powertop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>:系統能耗使用資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"run processes according to a schedule in background from "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> daemon"
msgstr ""
"根據 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 後臺守護程序（daemon）的排程執行一個程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "cron-like command scheduler for systems that don't run 24 hours a day"
msgstr "用於非整天 24 小時執行系統的命令計劃，類 cron"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>batch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>: run a job at a "
"specified time or below certain load level"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>batch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>: 在一個特定的時間執行任"
"務或在某一系統負載下執行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>procps</literal> packages provide very basics of monitoring, "
"controlling, and starting program activities.  You should learn all of them."
msgstr ""
"<literal>procps</literal> 包提供了非常基礎的監控、控制程式活動功能和啟動程式"
"功能。你應當把他們全部學會。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Timing a process"
msgstr "程序耗時"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Display time used by the process invoked by the command."
msgstr "顯示 命令呼叫程序的時間消耗。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# time some_command &gt;/dev/null\n"
"real    0m0.035s       # time on wall clock (elapsed real time)\n"
"user    0m0.000s       # time in user mode\n"
"sys     0m0.020s       # time in kernel mode"
msgstr ""
"# time some_command &gt;/dev/null\n"
"real    0m0.035s       # 執行時間 (佔用的真實時間)\n"
"user    0m0.000s      # 使用者模式時間\n"
"sys     0m0.020s       # 核心模式時間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The scheduling priority"
msgstr "排程優先順序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A nice value is used to control the scheduling priority for the process."
msgstr "程序的排程優先順序是被一個程序優先順序值控制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of nice values for the scheduling priority"
msgstr "排程優先順序值列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "nice value"
msgstr "程序優先順序值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "scheduling priority"
msgstr "排程優先順序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "19"
msgstr "19"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "lowest priority process (nice)"
msgstr "最低優先順序程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "very high priority process for user"
msgstr "非常高的普通使用者優先順序程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "-20"
msgstr "-20"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "very high priority process for root (not-nice)"
msgstr "root 使用者非常高的優先順序程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# nice  -19 top                                      # very nice\n"
"# nice --20 wodim -v -eject speed=2 dev=0,0 disk.img # very fast"
msgstr ""
"# nice  -19 top                                      # 非常優先\n"
"# nice --20 wodim -v -eject speed=2 dev=0,0 disk.img # 非常快"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Sometimes an extreme nice value does more harm than good to the system.  Use "
"this command carefully."
msgstr "在某些情況下，極端的程序優先順序值會對系統造成傷害。小心使用這個命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The ps command"
msgstr "ps 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command on a Debian system support both BSD and SystemV "
"features and helps to identify the process activity statically."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統上的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令同時支援 BSD 和 "
"SystemV 特徵，有助於識別靜態的程序活動。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of ps command styles"
msgstr "ps 命令樣式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "style"
msgstr "樣式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "typical command"
msgstr "典型的命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "feature"
msgstr "特徵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "BSD"
msgstr "BSD"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ps aux</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps aux</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display %CPU %MEM"
msgstr "顯示 %CPU %MEM"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "System V"
msgstr "System V"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>ps -efH</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>ps -efH</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display PPID"
msgstr "顯示 PPID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the zombie (defunct) children process, you can kill them by the parent "
"process ID identified in the \"<literal>PPID</literal>\" field."
msgstr ""
"對於殭屍（死了的）子程序，你能夠通過 \"<literal>PPID</literal>\" 欄位的父程"
"序 ID 來殺死它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pstree</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command display a tree of processes."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pstree</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令顯示程序樹。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The top command"
msgstr "top 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> on the Debian system has rich features and helps to identify "
"what process is acting funny dynamically."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統上的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 擁有豐富的特徵，有助於"
"識別程序有趣的動態行為。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Its is an interactive full screen program.  You can get its usage help "
#| "press by pressing the \"h\"-key and terminate it by pressing the \"q\"-"
#| "key."
msgid ""
"It is an interactive full screen program.  You can get its usage help press "
"by pressing the \"h\"-key and terminate it by pressing the \"q\"-key."
msgstr ""
"它是一個互動式的全屏程式。你可以通過按\"h\"鍵來得到它的使用幫助，按\"q\"鍵來"
"終止該程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Listing files opened by a process"
msgstr "列出被一個程序開啟的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can list all files opened by a process with a process ID (PID), e.g. 1, "
"by the following."
msgstr ""
"你能夠通過一個程序 ID(PID)來列出該程序所有開啟的檔案，例如，PID 為 1 的程序，"
"使用下面的方式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo lsof -p 1"
msgstr "$ sudo lsof -p 1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "PID=1 is usually the <literal>init</literal> program."
msgstr "PID=1 通常用於 <literal>init</literal> 程式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Tracing program activities"
msgstr "跟蹤程式活動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can trace program activity with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>strace</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ltrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xtrace</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for system calls and "
"signals, library calls, or communication between X11 client and server."
msgstr ""
"你能夠跟蹤程式活動，使用<citerefentry><refentrytitle>strace</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ltrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>,  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xtrace</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來跟蹤系統呼叫和訊號、"
"庫呼叫、X11 客戶端和伺服器端之間的通訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can trace system calls of the <literal>ls</literal> command as the "
"following."
msgstr "跟蹤 <literal>ls</literal> 命令的系統呼叫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo strace ls"
msgstr "$ sudo strace ls"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Identification of processes using files or sockets"
msgstr "識別使用檔案和套接字的程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can also identify processes using files by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, e.g. for \"<literal>/var/log/mail.log</literal>\" by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來識別出使用檔案的程序，例如，用下面的方式識別出 "
"\"<literal>/var/log/mail.log</literal>\" 由哪個程序開啟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo fuser -v /var/log/mail.log\n"
"                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND\n"
"/var/log/mail.log:   root       2946 F.... rsyslogd"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo fuser -v /var/log/mail.log\n"
"                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND\n"
"/var/log/mail.log:   root       2946 F.... rsyslogd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You see that file \"<literal>/var/log/mail.log</literal>\" is open for "
"writing by the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command."
msgstr ""
"你可以看到 \"<literal>/var/log/mail.log</literal>\" 是由 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsyslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令開啟並寫入。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can also identify processes using sockets by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, e.g. for \"<literal>smtp/tcp</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fuser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來識別出使用套接字的程序，例如，用下面的方式識別出 "
"\"<literal>smtp/tcp</literal>\" 由哪個程序開啟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo fuser -v smtp/tcp\n"
"                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND\n"
"smtp/tcp:            Debian-exim   3379 F.... exim4"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo fuser -v smtp/tcp\n"
"                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND\n"
"smtp/tcp:            Debian-exim   3379 F.... exim4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now you know your system runs <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to handle <ulink url="
"\"&tcp;\">TCP</ulink> connections to <ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> port "
"(25)."
msgstr ""
"現在你知道你的系統執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exim4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來處理連線到 <ulink "
"url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink> 埠 (25)的 <ulink url=\"&tcp;\">TCP</ulink> 連線."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Repeating a command with a constant interval"
msgstr "使用固定間隔重複一個命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>watch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> executes a program repeatedly with a constant interval while "
"showing its output in fullscreen."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>watch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用固定間隔重新執行一個命令，並全屏顯示輸出。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ watch w"
msgstr "$ watch w"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This displays who is logged on to the system updated every 2 seconds."
msgstr "顯示哪些人登入到系統，每 2 秒鐘更新一次。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Repeating a command looping over files"
msgstr "使用檔案迴圈來重複一個命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several ways to repeat a command looping over files matching some "
"condition, e.g. matching glob pattern \"<literal>*.ext</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"通過匹配某些條件的檔案來迴圈重複一個命令，有幾種方法，例如，匹配全域性模式"
"\"<literal>*.ext</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Shell for-loop method (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_loops\"/>):"
msgstr "Shell 迴圈方式(參見 <xref linkend=\"_shell_loops\"/>):"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "for x in *.ext; do if [ -f \"$x\"]; then command \"$x\" ; fi; done"
msgstr "for x in *.ext; do if [ -f \"$x\"]; then command \"$x\" ; fi; done"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xargs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> combination:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xargs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 聯合:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '*.ext' -print0 | xargs -0 -n 1 command"
msgstr "find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '*.ext' -print0 | xargs -0 -n 1 command"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with \"<literal>-exec</literal>\" option with a command:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用 \"<literal>-exec</literal>\" 選項並執行命令:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '*.ext' -exec command '{}' \\;"
msgstr "find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '*.ext' -exec command '{}' \\;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with \"<literal>-exec</literal>\" option with a short shell "
"script:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 使用 \"<literal>-exec</literal>\" 選項並執行一個短的 shell 指令"
"碼:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '*.ext' -exec sh -c \"command '{}' &amp;&amp; echo 'successful'\" \\;"
msgstr "find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '*.ext' -exec sh -c \"command '{}' &amp;&amp; echo 'successful'\" \\;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The above examples are written to ensure proper handling of funny file names "
"such as ones containing spaces.  See <xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> for more advance uses of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"上面的列子確保適當處理怪異的檔名（如包含空格）。 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 更多高階的用法，參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Starting a program from GUI"
msgstr "從 GUI 啟動一個程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the <ulink url=\"&commandlineinterfacecli;\">command-line interface "
"(CLI)</ulink>, the first program with the matching name found in the "
"directories specified in the <literal>$PATH</literal> environment variable "
"is executed. See <xref linkend=\"_the_literal_path_literal_variable\"/>."
msgstr ""
"對於 <ulink url=\"&commandlineinterfacecli;\">命令列介面（command-line "
"interface，CLI）</ulink>，<literal>$PATH</literal> 環境變數所指定的目錄中第一"
"個匹配相應名稱的程式會被執行。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_literal_path_literal_variable\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the <ulink url=\"&graphicaluserinterfacegui;\">graphical user interface "
"(GUI)</ulink> compliant to the <ulink url=\"&freedesktoporg;\">freedesktop."
"org</ulink> standards, the <literal>*.desktop</literal> files in the "
"<literal>/usr/share/applications/</literal> directory provide necessary "
"attributes for the GUI menu display of each program. See <xref linkend="
"\"_freedesktop_org_menu\"/>."
msgstr ""
"對於遵從 <ulink url=\"&freedesktoporg;\">freedesktop.org</ulink> 標準的 "
"<ulink url=\"&graphicaluserinterfacegui;\">圖形使用者介面（graphical user "
"interface，GUI）</ulink>，<literal>/usr/share/applications/</literal> 目錄中"
"的 <literal>*.desktop</literal> 檔案給每個程式的 GUI 選單顯示提供了必要的屬"
"性。參見 <xref linkend=\"_freedesktop_org_menu\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, the <literal>chromium.desktop</literal> file defines attributes "
"for the \"Chromium Web Browser\" such as \"Name\" for the program name, "
"\"Exec\" for the program execution path and arguments, \"Icon\" for the icon "
"used, etc. (see the <ulink url=\"&desktopentryspecification;\">Desktop Entry "
"Specification</ulink>) as follows:"
msgstr ""
"舉個例子，<literal>chromium.desktop</literal> 檔案中為 “Chromium 網路瀏覽器” "
"定義了相關屬性，例如程式名 “Name”，程式執行路徑和引數 “Exec”，所使用的圖示 "
"“Icon” 等等（參見 <ulink url=\"&desktopentryspecification;\">桌面配置項規範</"
"ulink>）。檔案內容如下："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[Desktop Entry]\n"
"Version=1.0\n"
"Name=Chromium Web Browser\n"
"GenericName=Web Browser\n"
"Comment=Access the Internet\n"
"Comment[fr]=Explorer le Web\n"
"Exec=/usr/bin/chromium %U\n"
"Terminal=false\n"
"X-MultipleArgs=false\n"
"Type=Application\n"
"Icon=chromium\n"
"Categories=Network;WebBrowser;\n"
"MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml_xml;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;\n"
"StartupWMClass=Chromium\n"
"StartupNotify=true"
msgstr ""
"[Desktop Entry]\n"
"Version=1.0\n"
"Name=Chromium Web Browser\n"
"GenericName=Web Browser\n"
"Comment=Access the Internet\n"
"Comment[fr]=Explorer le Web\n"
"Exec=/usr/bin/chromium %U\n"
"Terminal=false\n"
"X-MultipleArgs=false\n"
"Type=Application\n"
"Icon=chromium\n"
"Categories=Network;WebBrowser;\n"
"MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml_xml;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;\n"
"StartupWMClass=Chromium\n"
"StartupNotify=true"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is an oversimplified description. The <literal>*.desktop</literal> "
"files are scanned as follows."
msgstr ""
"這是一個較為簡單的說明。<literal>*.desktop</literal> 檔案像下面那樣被搜尋。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The desktop environment sets <literal>$XDG_DATA_HOME</literal> and <literal>"
"$XDG_DATA_DIR</literal> environment variables.  For example, under the GNOME "
"3:"
msgstr ""
"桌面環境設定 <literal>$XDG_DATA_HOME</literal> 和 <literal>$XDG_DATA_DIR</"
"literal> 環境變數。舉個例子，在 GNOME 3 中："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>$XDG_DATA_HOME</literal> is unset. (The default value of <literal>"
"$HOME/.local/share</literal> is used.)"
msgstr ""
"未設定 <literal>$XDG_DATA_HOME</literal>。（將使用預設值 <literal>$HOME/."
"local/share</literal>。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>$XDG_DATA_DIRS</literal> is set to <literal>/usr/share/gnome:/usr/"
"local/share/:/usr/share/</literal>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>$XDG_DATA_DIRS</literal> 被設定為 <literal>/usr/share/gnome:/usr/"
"local/share/:/usr/share/</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"So the base directories (see <ulink url=\"&xdgbasedirectoryspecification;"
"\">XDG Base Directory Specification</ulink>) and the <literal>applications</"
"literal> directories are as follows."
msgstr ""
"基準目錄（參見 <ulink url=\"&xdgbasedirectoryspecification;\">XDG Base "
"Directory Specification</ulink>）和<literal>應用程式</literal>目錄如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>$HOME/.local/share/</literal> → <literal>$HOME/.local/share/"
"applications/</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>$HOME/.local/share/</literal> → <literal>$HOME/.local/share/"
"applications/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>/usr/share/gnome/</literal> → <literal>/usr/share/gnome/"
"applications/</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>/usr/share/gnome/</literal> → <literal>/usr/share/gnome/"
"applications/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>/usr/local/share/</literal> → <literal>/usr/local/share/"
"applications/</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>/usr/local/share/</literal> → <literal>/usr/local/share/"
"applications/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>/usr/share/</literal> → <literal>/usr/share/applications/</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>/usr/share/</literal> → <literal>/usr/share/applications/</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>*.desktop</literal> files are scanned in these "
"<literal>applications</literal> directories in this order."
msgstr ""
"<literal>*.desktop</literal> 檔案將按照這個順序在這些 <literal>applications</"
"literal> 目錄中進行搜尋。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"A user custom GUI menu entry can be created by adding a <literal>*.desktop</"
"literal> file in the <literal>$HOME/.local/share/applications/</literal> "
"directory."
msgstr ""
"要建立一個使用者自定義的 GUI 選單項，需要在 <literal>$HOME/.local/share/"
"applications/</literal> 目錄中新增一個 <literal>*.desktop</literal> 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Similarly, if a <literal>*.desktop</literal> file is created in the "
"<literal>autostart</literal> directory under these base directories, the "
"specified program in the <literal>*.desktop</literal> file is executed "
"automatically when the desktop environment is started. See <ulink url="
"\"&desktopapplicatiartspecification;\">Desktop Application Autostart "
"Specification</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"相似地，如果在這些基準目錄下的 <literal>autostart</literal> 目錄中建立了一個 "
"<literal>*.desktop</literal> 檔案，則 <literal>*.desktop</literal> 檔案中指定"
"的程式會在桌面環境啟動時自動執行。參見 <ulink url="
"\"&desktopapplicatiartspecification;\">Desktop Application Autostart "
"Specification</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Similarly, if a <literal>*.desktop</literal> file is created in the <literal>"
"$HOME/Desktop</literal> directory and the Desktop environment is configured "
"to support the desktop icon launcher feature, the specified program in it is "
"executed upon clicking the icon. Please note that the actual name of the "
"<literal>$HOME/Desktop</literal> directory is locale dependent.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xdg-user-dirs-update</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"相似地，如果在 <literal>$HOME/Desktop</literal> 目錄中建立了一個 <literal>*."
"desktop</literal> 檔案並且桌面環境被配置為支援桌面圖示啟動器功能，則點選圖示"
"時指定的程式會被執行。請注意，<literal>$HOME/Desktop</literal> 目錄的實際名稱"
"與語言環境有關。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xdg-user-dirs-update</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Customizing program to be started"
msgstr "自定義被啟動的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Some programs start another program automatically.  Here are check points "
"for customizing this process."
msgstr "一些程式會被另一個程式自動啟動。下面是自定義該過程的方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Application configuration menu:"
msgstr "應用程式配置選單："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"GNOME3 desktop: \"Settings\" → \"System\" → \"Details\" → \"Default "
"Applications\""
msgstr "GNOME3 桌面：“設定” → “系統” → “詳細資訊” → “預設應用程式”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"KDE desktop: \"K\" → \"Control Center\" → \"KDE Components\" → \"Component "
"Chooser\""
msgstr ""
"KDE 桌面: \"K\" → \"Control Center 控制中心\" → \"KDE Components 元件\" → "
"\"Component Chooser 元件選擇器\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Iceweasel browser: \"Edit\" → \"Preferences\" → \"Applications\""
msgstr "Iceweasel 瀏覽器：“編輯” → “首選項” → “應用程式”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: \"<literal>/etc/mc/mc.ext</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>：“<literal>/etc/mc/mc.ext</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Environment variables such as \"<literal>$BROWSER</literal>\", \"<literal>"
"$EDITOR</literal>\", \"<literal>$VISUAL</literal>\", and \"<literal>$PAGER</"
"literal>\" (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>eviron</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"例如 “<literal>$BROWSER</literal>”、“<literal>$EDITOR</literal>”、“<literal>"
"$VISUAL</literal>” 和 “<literal>$PAGER</literal>” 這樣的環境變數（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>eviron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-alternatives</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> system for programs "
"such as \"<literal>editor</literal>\", \"<literal>view</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>x-www-browser</literal>\", \"<literal>gnome-www-browser</literal>"
"\", and \"<literal>www-browser</literal>\" (see <xref linkend="
"\"_setting_a_default_text_editor\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"用於例如 “<literal>editor</literal>”、“<literal>view</literal>”、“<literal>x-"
"www-browser</literal>”、“<literal>gnome-www-browser</literal>” 和 "
"“<literal>www-browser</literal>” 這樣的程式的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-alternatives</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 系統（參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_setting_a_default_text_editor\"/>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"the \"<literal>~/.mailcap</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>"
"\" file contents which associate <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> type "
"with program (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mailcap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>~/.mailcap</literal>” 和 “<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>” 檔案的內"
"容關聯了程式的 <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> 型別（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mailcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>~/.mime.types</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/mime.types</"
"literal>\" file contents which associate file name extension with <ulink url="
"\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> type (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>run-mailcap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>~/.mime.types</literal>” 和 “<literal>/etc/mime.types</literal>” 檔"
"案的內容關聯了 <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> 型別的副檔名（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>run-mailcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-mime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> updates the \"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>\" "
"file using \"<literal>/etc/mailcap.order</literal>\" file (see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mailcap.order</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-mime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 會更新 \"<literal>/etc/mailcap</literal>\" 檔案，期"
"間會用到 \"<literal>/etc/mailcap.order</literal>\" 檔案 (參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mailcap.order</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>debianutils</literal> package provides "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sensible-browser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sensible-editor</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sensible-pager</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> which make sensible decisions on which editor, "
"pager, and web browser to call, respectively.  I recommend you to read these "
"shell scripts."
msgstr ""
"<literal>debianutils</literal> 軟體包提供 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sensible-browser</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sensible-editor</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sensible-pager</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，它們可以分別對要呼叫的編輯器、分頁程式和網路瀏覽器"
"作出明智的選擇。我建議你閱讀那些 shell 指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"In order to run a console application such as <literal>mutt</literal> under "
"X as your preferred application, you should create an X application as "
"following and set \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/mutt-term</literal>\" as your "
"preferred application to be started as described."
msgstr ""
"為了在 X 下執行例如 <literal>mutt</literal> 這樣的控制檯應用程式來作為你的首"
"選應用程式，你應該像下面那樣建立一個 X 應用程式並設定 “<literal>/usr/local/"
"bin/mutt-term</literal>” 為你想要啟動的首選應用程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cat /usr/local/bin/mutt-term &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"gnome-terminal -e \"mutt \\$@\"\n"
"EOF\n"
"chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/mutt-term"
msgstr ""
"# cat /usr/local/bin/mutt-term &lt;&lt;EOF\n"
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"gnome-terminal -e \"mutt \\$@\"\n"
"EOF\n"
"chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/mutt-term"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Killing a process"
msgstr "殺死一個程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to kill (or send a signal to) a process by the "
"process ID."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 通過程序 ID 來殺死（傳送一個訊號）一個程序。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>killall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to do the same by the "
"process command name and other attributes."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>killall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 通過程序命令的名字或其"
"它屬性來做同樣的事情。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of frequently used signals for kill command"
msgstr "kill 命令常用訊號列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "signal value"
msgstr "訊號值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "signal name"
msgstr "訊號名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "HUP"
msgstr "HUP"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "restart daemon"
msgstr "重啟後臺守護程序（daemon）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "15"
msgstr "15"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "TERM"
msgstr "TERM"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "normal kill"
msgstr "普通 kill"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "9"
msgstr "9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "KILL"
msgstr "KILL"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "kill hard"
msgstr "硬 kill"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Scheduling tasks once"
msgstr "單次任務時間安排"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Run the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command to schedule a one-time job by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>at</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令來安排一次性的工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo 'command -args'| at 3:40 monday"
msgstr "$ echo 'command -args'| at 3:40 monday"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Scheduling tasks regularly"
msgstr "定時任務安排"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to schedule tasks regularly.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來進行定時任務安排。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can schedule to run processes as a normal user, e.g. <literal>foo</"
"literal> by creating a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file as \"<literal>/"
"var/spool/cron/crontabs/foo</literal>\" with \"<literal>crontab -e</literal>"
"\" command."
msgstr ""
"你能夠作為一個普通使用者定時執行一個程序，比如， <literal>foo</literal> 使"
"用  \"<literal>crontab -e</literal>\" 命令建立一個 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的檔案 \"<literal>/var/spool/cron/crontabs/foo</"
"literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an example of a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file."
msgstr ""
"這裡是一個 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 檔案的列子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# use /bin/sh to run commands, no matter what /etc/passwd says\n"
"SHELL=/bin/sh\n"
"# mail any output to paul, no matter whose crontab this is\n"
"MAILTO=paul\n"
"# Min Hour DayOfMonth Month DayOfWeek command (Day... are OR'ed)\n"
"# run at 00:05, every day\n"
"5  0  *  * *   $HOME/bin/daily.job &gt;&gt; $HOME/tmp/out 2&gt;&amp;1\n"
"# run at 14:15 on the first of every month -- output mailed to paul\n"
"15 14 1  * *   $HOME/bin/monthly\n"
"# run at 22:00 on weekdays(1-5), annoy Joe. % for newline, last % for cc:\n"
"0 22 *   * 1-5 mail -s \"It's 10pm\" joe%Joe,%%Where are your kids?%.%%\n"
"23 */2 1 2 *   echo \"run 23 minutes after 0am, 2am, 4am ..., on Feb 1\"\n"
"5  4 *   * sun echo \"run at 04:05 every Sunday\"\n"
"# run at 03:40 on the first Monday of each month\n"
"40 3 1-7 * *   [ \"$(date +%a)\" == \"Mon\" ] &amp;&amp; command -args"
msgstr ""
"# use /bin/sh to run commands, no matter what /etc/passwd says\n"
"SHELL=/bin/sh\n"
"# mail any output to paul, no matter whose crontab this is\n"
"MAILTO=paul\n"
"# Min Hour DayOfMonth Month DayOfWeek command (Day... are OR'ed)\n"
"# run at 00:05, every day\n"
"5  0  *  * *   $HOME/bin/daily.job &gt;&gt; $HOME/tmp/out 2&gt;&amp;1\n"
"# run at 14:15 on the first of every month -- output mailed to paul\n"
"15 14 1  * *   $HOME/bin/monthly\n"
"# run at 22:00 on weekdays(1-5), annoy Joe. % for newline, last % for cc:\n"
"0 22 *   * 1-5 mail -s \"It's 10pm\" joe%Joe,%%Where are your kids?%.%%\n"
"23 */2 1 2 *   echo \"run 23 minutes after 0am, 2am, 4am ..., on Feb 1\"\n"
"5  4 *   * sun echo \"run at 04:05 every Sunday\"\n"
"# run at 03:40 on the first Monday of each month\n"
"40 3 1-7 * *   [ \"$(date +%a)\" == \"Mon\" ] &amp;&amp; command -args"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For the system not running continuously, install the <literal>anacron</"
"literal> package to schedule periodic commands at the specified intervals as "
"closely as machine-uptime permits.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>anacron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>anacrontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"對那些非連續執行的系統，安裝 <literal>anacron</literal> 軟體包來定時執行週期"
"性的命令，命令在接近機器啟動的時間執行，並允許有特定的時間間隔。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>anacron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>anacrontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For scheduled system maintenance scripts, you can run them periodically from "
"root account by placing such scripts in \"<literal>/etc/cron.hourly/</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/cron."
"weekly/</literal>\", or \"<literal>/etc/cron.monthly/</literal>\".  "
"Execution timings of these scripts can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/"
"crontab</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/anacrontab</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"對於定時系統維護指令碼，你能夠以root 賬戶定時執行，把這類指令碼放入 "
"\"<literal>/etc/cron.hourly/</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/cron.daily/</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/cron.weekly/</literal>\", 或 \"<literal>/etc/"
"cron.monthly/</literal>\". 這些指令碼的執行時間，可以通過 \"<literal>/etc/"
"crontab</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/anacrontab</literal>\" 來定製。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Alt-SysRq key"
msgstr "Alt-SysRq 鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Insurance against system malfunction is provided by the kernel compile "
"option \"Magic SysRq key\" (<ulink url=\"&sak;\">SAK</ulink> key) which is "
"now the default for the Debian kernel.  Pressing Alt-SysRq followed by one "
"of the following keys does the magic of rescuing control of the system."
msgstr ""
"核心編譯選項 \"Magic SysRq key\" (<ulink url=\"&sak;\">SAK</ulink> 鍵)提供預"
"防系統故障的措施，該選項現在是 Debian 核心的預設值。按 Alt-SysRq 鍵，接著按下"
"面鍵中的一個鍵，會做拯救系統的神奇事情。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of SAK command keys"
msgstr "SAK命令鍵列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "key following Alt-SysRq"
msgstr "Alt-SysRq 之後的鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of action"
msgstr "行為描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>r</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>r</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"restore the keyboard from <emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>aw mode "
"after X crashes"
msgstr "在 X 崩潰後，從  <emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis>aw 模式恢復鍵盤"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>0</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"change the console loglevel to <emphasis role=\"strong\">0</emphasis> to "
"reduce error messages"
msgstr ""
"把控制檯日誌級別改變到 <emphasis role=\"strong\">0</emphasis> 來減少錯誤資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>k</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>k</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">k</emphasis>ill all processes on the <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">current virtual console</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">k</emphasis>ill 在<emphasis role=\"strong\">當前虛"
"擬控制檯</emphasis>上的所有程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>e</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>e</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"send a SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM to all processes, except "
"for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"傳送 SIGT<emphasis role=\"strong\">E</emphasis>RM 到所有程序，除開 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>i</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>i</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"send a SIGK<emphasis role=\"strong\">I</emphasis>LL to all processes, except "
"for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"傳送 SIGK<emphasis role=\"strong\">I</emphasis>LL 到所有程序，除開 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>ync all mounted filesystems to avoid "
"data corruption"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>ync 所有已經掛載的檔案系統來避免資料損"
"壞"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"remount all mounted filesystems read-only (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</"
"emphasis>mount)"
msgstr ""
"重新以只讀方式掛載所有已掛載的檔案系統 (<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</"
"emphasis>mount)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"re<emphasis role=\"strong\">b</emphasis>oot the system without syncing or "
"unmounting"
msgstr "re<emphasis role=\"strong\">b</emphasis>oot 系統，不同步或解除安裝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Read the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>signal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> manpages to understand the description above."
msgstr ""
"閱讀 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>signal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 手冊頁來理解上面的描述。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The combination of \"Alt-SysRq s\", \"Alt-SysRq u\", and \"Alt-SysRq r\" is "
"good for getting out of really bad situations and gaining usable keyboard "
"access without stopping the system."
msgstr ""
"\"Alt-SysRq s\", \"Alt-SysRq u\" 和 \"Alt-SysRq r\" 組合，有助於跳出真正壞的"
"情形，並可以在不停止系統的情況下獲得可用的鍵盤。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-3.*/Documentation/sysrq.txt.gz</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-doc-3.*/Documentation/sysrq.txt.gz</"
"literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"The Alt-SysRq feature may be considered a security risk by allowing users "
"access to root-privileged functions.  Placing \"<literal>echo 0 &gt;/proc/"
"sys/kernel/sysrq</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/rc.local</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>kernel.sysrq = 0</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/sysctl.conf</"
"literal>\" disables the Alt-SysRq feature."
msgstr ""
"由於允許使用者訪問 root 許可權的功能，Alt-SysRq 特性可能被認為是安全風險。在 "
"\"<literal>/etc/rc.local</literal>\" 裡面放入\"<literal>echo 0 &gt;/proc/sys/"
"kernel/sysrq</literal>\" 或在 \"<literal>/etc/sysctl.conf</literal>\"  裡放"
"入 \"<literal>kernel.sysrq = 0</literal>\"來禁用 Alt-SysRq 特性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"From SSH terminal etc., you can use the Alt-SysRq feature by writing to the "
"\"<literal>/proc/sysrq-trigger</literal>\". For example, \"<literal>echo s "
"&gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger; echo u &gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger</literal>\" from "
"the root shell prompt <emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>yncs and "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">u</emphasis>mounts all mounted filesystems."
msgstr ""
"從 SSH 終端等，你能夠通過向 \"<literal>/proc/sysrq-trigger</literal>\" 寫入內"
"容來使用 Alt-SysRq 特性。例如，從 root shell 提示符執行 \"<literal>echo s "
"&gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger; echo u &gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger</literal>\" 來 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">s</emphasis>yncs 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\">u</"
"emphasis>mounts 所有已掛載的檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "System maintenance tips"
msgstr "系統維護技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Who is on the system?"
msgstr "誰在系統裡？"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can check who is on the system by the following."
msgstr "你可以通過下面的方法檢查誰登入在系統裡。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>who</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> shows who is logged on."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>who</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 顯示誰登入在系統裡面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>w</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> shows who is logged on and what they are doing."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>w</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 顯示誰登入在系統裡面，他們在做什麼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>last</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> shows listing of last logged in user."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>last</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 顯示使用者最後登入的列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lastb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> shows listing of last bad logged in users."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lastb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 顯示使用者最後錯誤登入的列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/var/run/utmp</literal>\", and \"<literal>/var/log/wtmp</literal>"
"\" hold such user information.  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>utmp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/var/run/utmp</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/var/log/wtmp</literal>\" "
"儲存這樣的使用者資訊。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>utmp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Warning everyone"
msgstr "警告所有人"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can send message to everyone who is logged on to the system with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過下面的方式使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 給登入系統的每一個人傳"
"送資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo \"We are shutting down in 1 hour\" | wall"
msgstr "$ echo \"We are shutting down in 1 hour\" | wall"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Hardware identification"
msgstr "硬體識別"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the <ulink url=\"&pci;\">PCI</ulink>-like devices (<ulink url=\"&agp;"
"\">AGP</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&pciexpress;\">PCI-Express</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&cardbus;\">CardBus</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&expresscard;\">ExpressCard</"
"ulink>, etc.), <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lspci</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> (probably with "
"\"<literal>-nn</literal>\" option) is a good start for the hardware "
"identification."
msgstr ""
"對於 <ulink url=\"&pci;\">PCI</ulink> 類裝置(<ulink url=\"&agp;\">AGP</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&pciexpress;\">PCI-Express</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&cardbus;\">CardBus</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&expresscard;\">ExpressCard</"
"ulink> 等), 一開始就使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lspci</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> (也許加上 \"<literal>-"
"nn</literal>\" 選項) 進行硬體識別比較好。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you can identify the hardware by reading contents of "
"\"<literal>/proc/bus/pci/devices</literal>\" or browsing directory tree "
"under \"<literal>/sys/bus/pci</literal>\" (see <xref linkend="
"\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"此外，你可以通過閱讀 \"<literal>/proc/bus/pci/devices</literal>\" 裡面的內容"
"或瀏覽\"<literal>/sys/bus/pci</literal>\" 下面的目錄樹來進行硬體識別(參見 "
"<xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of hardware identification tools"
msgstr "硬體識別工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Linux PCI Utilities: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lspci</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"Linux PCI 工具: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lspci</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Linux USB utilities: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsusb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"Linux USB 工具: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsusb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"PCMCIA utilities for Linux: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pccardctl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"Linux PCMCIA 工具: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pccardctl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"collection of tools for SCSI hardware management: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsscsi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"SCSI 硬體管理工具集: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsscsi</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"system information obtained from \"<literal>/proc</literal>\": "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"從 \"<literal>/proc</literal>\": <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsdev</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 獲得系統資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"information about hardware configuration: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lshw</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"硬體配置資訊: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lshw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"hardware identification system: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>discover</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"硬體識別系統: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>discover</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Hardware configuration"
msgstr "硬體配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although most of the hardware configuration on modern GUI desktop systems "
"such as GNOME and KDE can be managed through accompanying GUI configuration "
"tools, it is a good idea to know some basics methods to configure them."
msgstr ""
"像 GNOME 和 KDE 這類現代圖形桌面系統，雖然大部分硬體的配置都能夠通過相應的圖"
"形配置工具來管理，但知道一些配置它們的基礎方式，也是一個好的主意。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of hardware configuration tools"
msgstr "硬體配置工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Linux console font and keytable utilities"
msgstr "Linux 控制檯字型和鍵盤表工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"X server utilities: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xset</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmodmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"X 服務端工具: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmodmap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"daemon to manage events delivered by the Advanced Configuration and Power "
"Interface (ACPI)"
msgstr "管理高階可配置和電源介面(ACPI)事件分發的後臺守護程序（daemon）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utility to display information on ACPI devices"
msgstr "顯示 ACPI 裝置資訊的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "daemon to put a laptop to sleep during inactivity"
msgstr "在筆記本空閒時，使其進入休眠狀態的後臺守護程序（daemon）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"hard disk access optimization (see <xref linkend=\"_optimization_of_hard_disk"
"\"/>)"
msgstr "硬碟訪問優化 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_optimization_of_hard_disk\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"control and monitor storage systems using <ulink url=\"&smart;\">S.M.A.R.T.</"
"ulink>"
msgstr "使用 <ulink url=\"&smart;\">S.M.A.R.T.</ulink> 控制和監控儲存系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "collection of tools for serial port management"
msgstr "串列埠管理工具集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "collection of tools for memory hardware management"
msgstr "記憶體硬體管理工具集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"collection of tools for <ulink url=\"&scsi;\">SCSI</ulink> hardware "
"management"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&scsi;\">SCSI</ulink> 硬體管理工具集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compact disc drive access optimization"
msgstr "光碟機訪問優化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "larger mouse cursors for X"
msgstr "X 系統的大滑鼠游標"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, <ulink url=\"&acpi;\">ACPI</ulink> is a newer framework for the power "
"management system than <ulink url=\"&apm;\">APM</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"這裡, <ulink url=\"&acpi;\">ACPI</ulink> 是一個比 <ulink url=\"&apm;\">APM</"
"ulink> 新的電源管理系統框架。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"CPU frequency scaling on modern system is governed by kernel modules such as "
"<literal>acpi_cpufreq</literal>."
msgstr ""
"現代系統的 CPU 頻率調整功能，是由核心模組 <literal>acpi_cpufreq</literal> 管"
"理的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "System and hardware time"
msgstr "系統時間和硬體時間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following sets system and hardware time to MM/DD hh:mm, CCYY."
msgstr "下面設定系統的硬體時間為：MM/DD hh:mm, CCYY."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# date MMDDhhmmCCYY\n"
"# hwclock --utc --systohc\n"
"# hwclock --show"
msgstr ""
"# date MMDDhhmmCCYY\n"
"# hwclock --utc --systohc\n"
"# hwclock --show"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Times are normally displayed in the local time on the Debian system but the "
"hardware and system time usually use <ulink url=\"&utcgmt;\">UTC(GMT)</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Debian 系統的時間通常顯示為本地時間，但硬體時間通常使用 <ulink url=\"&utcgmt;"
"\">UTC(GMT)</ulink> 時間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If the hardware (BIOS) time is set to UTC, change the setting to "
"\"<literal>UTC=yes</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr ""
"如果硬體（BIOS）時間設定為 UTC 時間，請在“<literal>/etc/default/rcS</"
"literal>”裡面設定“<literal>UTC=yes</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following reconfigure the timezone used by the Debian system."
msgstr "下面是重新配置 Debian 系統使用的時區。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata"
msgstr "# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you wish to update system time via network, consider to use the <ulink "
"url=\"&ntp;\">NTP</ulink> service with the packages such as <literal>ntp</"
"literal>, <literal>ntpdate</literal>, and <literal>chrony</literal>."
msgstr ""
"如果你希望通過網路來更新系統時間，考慮使用 <literal>ntp</literal>, "
"<literal>ntpdate</literal> 和 <literal>chrony</literal> 這類包提供的 <ulink "
"url=\"&ntp;\">NTP</ulink> 服務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, use <literal>systemd-"
"timesyncd</literal> for the network time synchronization instead.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 下，是使用 <literal>systemd-"
"timesyncd</literal> 來替代進行網路時間同步。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "See the following."
msgstr "看下面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&managingaccuratedateandtimehowto;\">Managing Accurate Date and "
"Time HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&managingaccuratedateandtimehowto;\">精確時間和日期管理 HOWTO</"
"ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&ntppublicservicesproject;\">NTP Public Services Project</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ntppublicservicesproject;\">NTP 公共服務專案</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The <literal>ntp-doc</literal> package"
msgstr "<literal>ntp-doc</literal> 包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntptrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> in the <literal>ntp</literal> package can trace a "
"chain of NTP servers back to the primary source."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>ntp</literal> 包裡面的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntptrace</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 能夠跟蹤 NTP 服務鏈至原"
"始源。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The terminal configuration"
msgstr "終端配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several components to configure character console and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ncurses</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> system features."
msgstr ""
"有幾個元件可以用來配置字元控制檯和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ncurses</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 系統功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/etc/terminfo/*/*</literal>\" file "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>terminfo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/etc/terminfo/*/*</literal>” 檔案"
"（<citerefentry><refentrytitle>terminfo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\" environment variable "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>term</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>$TERM</literal>” 環境變數（<citerefentry><refentrytitle>term</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>stty</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tic</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>toe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setterm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>stty</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tic</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>toe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If the <literal>terminfo</literal> entry for <literal>xterm</literal> "
"doesn't work with a non-Debian <literal>xterm</literal>, change your "
"terminal type, \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\", from \"<literal>xterm</literal>"
"\" to one of the feature-limited versions such as \"<literal>xterm-r6</"
"literal>\" when you log in to a Debian system remotely.  See \"<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/libncurses5/FAQ</literal>\" for more.  \"<literal>dumb</literal>\" "
"is the lowest common denominator for \"<literal>$TERM</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果 <literal>xterm</literal> 的 <literal>terminfo</literal> 對非 Debian 的 "
"<literal>xterm</literal> 不起作用，則當你從遠端登陸到 Debian 系統時，你需要改"
"變你的終端型別 “<literal>$TERM</literal>”，從 “<literal>xterm</literal>” 更改"
"為功能受限的版本（例如 “<literal>xterm-r6</literal>”）。更多內容參見 "
"“<literal>/usr/share/doc/libncurses5/FAQ</literal>”。“<literal>dumb</"
"literal>” 是 “<literal>$TERM</literal>” 中最通用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The sound infrastructure"
msgstr "聲音基礎設施"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Device drivers for sound cards for current Linux are provided by <ulink url="
"\"&advancedlinuxsouarchitecturealsa;\">Advanced Linux Sound Architecture "
"(ALSA)</ulink>.  ALSA provides emulation mode for previous <ulink url="
"\"&opensoundsystemoss;\">Open Sound System (OSS)</ulink> for compatibility."
msgstr ""
"用於現在的 Linux 的音效卡裝置驅動程式由 <ulink url="
"\"&advancedlinuxsouarchitecturealsa;\">高階 Linux 聲音體系（Advanced Linux "
"Sound Architecture，ALSA）</ulink> 提供。ALSA 提供了相容之前的 <ulink url="
"\"&opensoundsystemoss;\">開放聲音系統（Open Sound System，OSS）</ulink>的模擬"
"模式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use \"<literal>cat /dev/urandom &gt; /dev/audio</literal>\" or "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>speaker-test</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to test speaker (^C to stop)."
msgstr ""
"使用 “<literal>cat /dev/urandom &gt; /dev/audio</literal>” 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>speaker-test</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來測試揚聲器（^C 停止）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you can not get sound, your speaker may be connected to a muted output.  "
"Modern sound system has many outputs.  "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alsamixer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> in the <literal>alsa-utils</literal> package is "
"useful to configure volume and mute settings."
msgstr ""
"如果你無法聽到聲音，那你的揚聲器可能連線到了一個靜音輸出。現代的聲音系統有許"
"多輸出。<literal>alsa-utils</literal> 軟體包中的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>alsamixer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以很好地配置聲音和靜音設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Application softwares may be configured not only to access sound devices "
"directly but also to access them via some standardized sound server system."
msgstr ""
"應用軟體可被配置為不僅直接訪問聲音裝置，也可以通過一些標準化聲音伺服器系統來"
"訪問它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of sound packages"
msgstr "聲音軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for configuring and using ALSA"
msgstr "配置和使用 ALSA 的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"OSS compatibility under ALSA preventing \"<literal>/dev/dsp not found</"
"literal>\" errors"
msgstr "在 ALSA 下相容 OSS，預防 “<literal>/dev/dsp not found</literal>” 錯誤"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&jackaudioconnectionkitjack;\">JACK Audio Connection Kit. "
"(JACK)</ulink> server (low latency)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&jackaudioconnectionkitjack;\">JACK Audio Connection Kit. "
"(JACK)</ulink> 伺服器（低延遲）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&jackaudioconnectionkitjack;\">JACK Audio Connection Kit. "
"(JACK)</ulink> library (low latency)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&jackaudioconnectionkitjack;\">JACK Audio Connection Kit. "
"(JACK)</ulink> 庫（低延遲）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkaudiosystemnas;\">Network Audio System (NAS)</ulink> "
"server"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkaudiosystemnas;\">網路音訊系統（Network Audio System，"
"NAS）</ulink>伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkaudiosystemnas;\">Network Audio System (NAS)</ulink> "
"library"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkaudiosystemnas;\">網路音訊系統（Network Audio System，"
"NAS）</ulink>庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&pulseaudio;\">PulseAudio</ulink> server, replacement for ESD"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pulseaudio;\">PulseAudio</ulink> 伺服器，替代 ESD"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&pulseaudio;\">PulseAudio</ulink> client library, replacement "
"for ESD"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pulseaudio;\">PulseAudio</ulink> 客戶端庫，替代 ESD"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&gstreamer;\">GStreamer</ulink>: GNOME sound engine"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gstreamer;\">GStreamer</ulink>：GNOME 聲音引擎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&phonon;\">Phonon</ulink>: KDE sound engine"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&phonon;\">Phonon</ulink>：KDE 聲音引擎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There is usually a common sound engine for each popular desktop environment. "
"Each sound engine used by the application can choose to connect to different "
"sound servers."
msgstr ""
"每個流行的桌面環境通常都有一個通用的聲音引擎。每個被應用程式使用的聲音引擎都"
"可以選擇連線到不同的聲音伺服器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Disabling the screen saver"
msgstr "關閉螢幕保護"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For disabling the screen saver, use following commands."
msgstr "關閉螢幕保護，使用下面的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of commands for disabling the screen saver"
msgstr "關閉螢幕保護命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The Linux console"
msgstr "Linux 控制檯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>setterm -powersave off</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>setterm -powersave off</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The X Window (turning off screensaver)"
msgstr "X 視窗（關閉螢幕保護）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xset s off</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>xset s off</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The X Window (disabling dpms)"
msgstr "X 視窗（關閉 dpms）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xset -dpms</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>xset -dpms</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The X Window (GUI configuration of screen saver)"
msgstr "X 視窗（螢幕保護 GUI 配置）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>xscreensaver-command -prefs</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>xscreensaver-command -prefs</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Disabling beep sounds"
msgstr "關閉蜂鳴聲"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"One can always unplug the PC speaker to disable beep sounds.  Removing "
"<literal>pcspkr</literal> kernel module does this for you."
msgstr ""
"可以把電腦的揚聲器拔掉來關閉蜂鳴聲。把 <literal>pcspkr</literal> 核心模組刪"
"除，也可以做到這點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following prevents the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>readline</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> program used by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to beep when encountering an alert character (ASCII=7)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 用到的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>readline</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式，當遇到告警字元"
"(ASCII=7)時，將會發生。下面的操作將阻止發生。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ echo \"set bell-style none\"&gt;&gt; ~/.inputrc"
msgstr "$ echo \"set bell-style none\"&gt;&gt; ~/.inputrc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Memory usage"
msgstr "記憶體使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are 2 resources available for you to get the memory usage situation."
msgstr "對你來說，這裡有兩種可用的方法來得到記憶體的使用情況。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The kernel boot message in the \"<literal>/var/log/dmesg</literal>\" "
"contains the total exact size of available memory."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/var/log/dmesg</literal>” 中的核心啟動資訊包含了可用記憶體的精確總"
"大小。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> display information on "
"memory resources on the running system."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 顯示正在執行的系統中記"
"憶體資源的相關資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here is an example."
msgstr "下面是一個例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# grep '\\] Memory' /var/log/dmesg\n"
"[    0.004000] Memory: 990528k/1016784k available (1975k kernel code, 25868k reserved, 931k data, 296k init)\n"
"$ free -k\n"
"             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\n"
"Mem:        997184     976928      20256          0     129592     171932\n"
"-/+ buffers/cache:     675404     321780\n"
"Swap:      4545576          4    4545572"
msgstr ""
"# grep '\\] Memory' /var/log/dmesg\n"
"[    0.004000] Memory: 990528k/1016784k available (1975k kernel code, 25868k reserved, 931k data, 296k init)\n"
"$ free -k\n"
"             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\n"
"Mem:        997184     976928      20256          0     129592     171932\n"
"-/+ buffers/cache:     675404     321780\n"
"Swap:      4545576          4    4545572"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may be wondering \"dmesg tells me a free of 990 MB, and free -k says 320 "
"MB is free. More than 600 MB missing …\"."
msgstr ""
"你可能會覺得奇怪：“dmesg 告訴你 free 為 990 MB，而 free -k 告訴你 free 為 "
"320 MB。這丟失了超過 600 MB ……”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Do not worry about the large size of \"<literal>used</literal>\" and the "
"small size of \"<literal>free</literal>\" in the \"<literal>Mem:</literal>\" "
"line, but read the one under them (675404 and 321780 in the example above) "
"and relax."
msgstr ""
"別擔心 “<literal>Mem:</literal>” 這行中 “<literal>used</literal>” 較大的值以"
"及 “<literal>free</literal>” 較小的值，放輕鬆，你需要檢視的是下面的那個（在上"
"面的例子中它們是 675404 和 321780）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For my MacBook with 1GB=1048576k DRAM (video system steals some of this), I "
"see the following."
msgstr ""
"對於我的 MacBook，有 1GB=1048576k 記憶體（顯示卡系統用掉一些），我看到的如"
"下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of memory sizes reported"
msgstr "報告的記憶體大小"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "report"
msgstr "報告"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Total size in dmesg"
msgstr "dmesg 中 total 的大小"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1016784k = 1GB - 31792k"
msgstr "1016784k = 1GB - 31792k"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free in dmesg"
msgstr "dmesg 中的 free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "990528k"
msgstr "990528k"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Total under shell"
msgstr "shell 下的 total"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "997184k"
msgstr "997184k"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free under shell"
msgstr "shell 下的 free"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "20256k (but effectively 321780k)"
msgstr "20256k（但有效的為 321780k）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "System security and integrity check"
msgstr "系統安全性和完整性檢查"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Poor system maintenance may expose your system to external exploitation."
msgstr "糟糕的系統維護可能會暴露你的系統，導致它被外部非法使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For system security and integrity check, you should start with the following."
msgstr "對於系統安全性和完整性的檢查，你需要從下面這些方面開始。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>debsums</literal> package, see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <xref linkend="
"\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>debsums</literal> 軟體包，參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debsums</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>chkrootkit</literal> package, see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chkrootkit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>chkrootkit</literal> 軟體包，參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chkrootkit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>clamav</literal> package family, see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>clamscan</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freshclam</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>clamav</literal> 軟體包家族，參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>clamscan</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freshclam</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&debiansecurityfaq;\">Debian security FAQ</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&debiansecurityfaq;\">Debian security FAQ</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&securingdebianmanual;\">Securing Debian Manual</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools for system security and integrity check"
msgstr "用於系統安全性和完整性檢查的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "daemon to mail anomalies in the system logfiles to the administrator"
msgstr "後臺守護程序（daemon），將系統日誌檔案中的異常通過郵件傳送給管理員"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utility to verify installed package files against MD5 checksums"
msgstr "實用程式，使用 MD5 校驗碼對已安裝軟體包的檔案進行校驗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rootkit;\">rootkit</ulink> detector"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rootkit;\">rootkit</ulink> 檢測軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "anti-virus utility for Unix - command-line interface"
msgstr "Unix 的反病毒實用程式 —— 命令列介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "report system security vulnerabilities"
msgstr "報告系統安全漏洞"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "file and directory integrity checker"
msgstr "檔案和目錄完整性檢測軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "active password cracking tool"
msgstr "先進的密碼破解工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment - static binary"
msgstr "高階入侵環境檢測 —— 靜態二進位制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "file integrity verification program"
msgstr "檔案完整性驗證程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "password guessing program"
msgstr "密碼猜測程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a simple script to check for typical world writable incorrect file "
"permissions."
msgstr "下面是一個簡單的指令碼，用來檢測典型的所有人可寫的錯誤檔案許可權。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# find / -perm 777 -a \\! -type s -a \\! -type l -a \\! \\( -type d -a -perm 1777 \\)"
msgstr "# find / -perm 777 -a \\! -type s -a \\! -type l -a \\! \\( -type d -a -perm 1777 \\)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Since the <literal>debsums</literal> package uses <ulink url=\"&mdf;\">MD5</"
"ulink> checksums stored locally, it can not be fully trusted as the system "
"security audit tool against malicious attacks."
msgstr ""
"由於 <literal>debsums</literal> 軟體包使用本地儲存的 <ulink url=\"&mdf;"
"\">MD5</ulink> 校驗碼，因此面對惡意攻擊，也不能完全相信系統安全性檢測工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Data storage tips"
msgstr "資料儲存技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Booting your system with Linux <ulink url=\"&livecds;\">live CDs</ulink> or "
"<ulink url=\"&debianinstallercds;\">debian-installer CDs</ulink> in rescue "
"mode makes it easy for you to reconfigure data storage on your boot device."
msgstr ""
"使用 <ulink url=\"&livecds;\">live CD</ulink> 或 <ulink url="
"\"&debianinstallercds;\">debian-installer CD</ulink> 以救援模式啟動你的系統，"
"可以讓你簡單地重新配置你的啟動裝置的資料儲存。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Disk space usage"
msgstr "硬碟空間使用情況"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The disk space usage can be evaluated by programs provided by the "
"<literal>mount</literal>, <literal>coreutils</literal>, and <literal>xdu</"
"literal> packages:"
msgstr ""
"硬碟空間的使用情況可以通過 <literal>mount</literal>、<literal>coreutils</"
"literal> 和 <literal>xdu</literal> 軟體包提供的程式來評估："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> reports all mounted filesystems (= disks)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 顯示所有掛載的檔案系統(= 磁碟)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> reports the disk space usage for the file system."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 報告檔案系統使用的硬碟空間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>du</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> reports the disk space usage for the directory tree."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>du</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 報告目錄樹使用的硬碟空間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can feed the output of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>du</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xdu</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1x</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to produce its graphical and interactive presentation with "
"\"<literal>du -k . |xdu</literal>\", \"<literal>sudo du -k -x / |xdu</"
"literal>\", etc."
msgstr ""
"你可以將 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>du</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的輸出傳輸給 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xdu</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1x</manvolnum></citerefentry>，來使用它的圖形互動式"
"演示，例如 “<literal>du -k . |xdu</literal>”、“<literal>sudo du -k -x / |"
"xdu</literal>” 等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Disk partition configuration"
msgstr "硬碟分割槽配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For <ulink url=\"&diskpartition;\">disk partition</ulink> configuration, "
"although <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> has been considered standard, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> deserves some attention.  \"Disk partitioning data\", "
"\"partition table\", \"partition map\", and \"disk label\" are all synonyms."
msgstr ""
"對於<ulink url=\"&diskpartition;\">硬碟分割槽</ulink>配置，儘管 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 被認為是標準的配置，但是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具還是值得注意的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Most PCs use the classic <ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">Master Boot "
"Record (MBR)</ulink> scheme to hold <ulink url=\"&diskpartitioning;\">disk "
"partitioning</ulink> data in the first sector, i.e., <ulink url=\"&lba;"
"\">LBA</ulink> sector 0 (512 bytes)."
msgstr ""
"大多數 PC 使用經典的<ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">主引導記錄（Master "
"Boot Record，MBR）</ulink>方案，將<ulink url=\"&diskpartitioning;\">硬碟分割"
"槽</ulink>資料儲存在第一個扇區，即 <ulink url=\"&lba;\">LBA</ulink> 扇區 "
"0（512 位元組）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Some new PCs with <ulink url=\"&extensiblefirmwareinterfaceefi;\">Extensible "
"Firmware Interface (EFI)</ulink>, including Intel-based Macs, use <ulink url="
"\"&guidpartitiontablegpt;\">GUID Partition Table (GPT)</ulink> scheme to "
"hold <ulink url=\"&diskpartitioning;\">disk partitioning</ulink> data not in "
"the first sector."
msgstr ""
"一些帶有<ulink url=\"&extensiblefirmwareinterfaceefi;\">可擴充套件韌體介面"
"（Extensible Firmware Interface，EFI）</ulink>的新 PC，包括基於 Intel 的 "
"Mac，使用 <ulink url=\"&guidpartitiontablegpt;\">全域性唯一標識分割槽表"
"（GUID Partition Table，GPT）</ulink>方案，<ulink url=\"&diskpartitioning;\">"
"硬碟分割槽</ulink>資料不儲存在第一個扇區。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> has been standard for the disk partitioning tool, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is replacing it."
msgstr ""
"儘管 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 一直是硬碟分割槽的標準工具，但現在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 替代了它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of disk partition management packages"
msgstr "硬碟分割槽管理軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "GPT"
msgstr "GPT"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"miscellaneous system utilities including <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cfdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"多種系統工具，包含 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cfdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU Parted disk partition resizing program"
msgstr "GNU Parted，硬碟分割槽調整程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNOME partition editor based on <literal>libparted</literal>"
msgstr "基於 <literal>libparted</literal> 的 GNOME 分割槽編輯程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "partition editor for the GPT disk"
msgstr "用於 GPT 硬碟的分割槽編輯程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program to create device mappings for partitions"
msgstr "為分割槽建立裝置對映的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Although <citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> claims to create and to resize filesystem too, it "
"is safer to do such things using best maintained specialized tools such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.msdos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …) and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>resize2fs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"儘管 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 聲稱也能用來建立和調整檔案系統，但使用維護最好的專"
"門工具來做這些事會更為安全，例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>（<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.msdos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>、"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>……）和  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>resize2fs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"In order to switch between <ulink url=\"&gpt;\">GPT</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink>, you need to erase first few blocks of disk contents "
"directly (see <xref linkend=\"_clearing_file_contents\"/>) and use "
"\"<literal>parted /dev/sdx mklabel gpt</literal>\" or \"<literal>parted /dev/"
"sdx mklabel msdos</literal>\" to set it.  Please note \"<literal>msdos</"
"literal>\" is use here for <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"為了在 <ulink url=\"&gpt;\">GPT</ulink> 和  <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> "
"之間切換，你需要直接刪除開頭的幾個塊中的內容（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_clearing_file_contents\"/>）並使用 “<literal>parted /dev/sdx mklabel gpt</"
"literal>” 或 “<literal>parted /dev/sdx mklabel msdos</literal>” 來設定它。請"
"注意，這裡使用的 “<literal>msdos</literal>” 是用於 <ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</"
"ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Accessing partition using UUID"
msgstr "使用 UUID 訪問分割槽"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although reconfiguration of your partition or activation order of removable "
"storage media may yield different names for partitions, you can access them "
"consistently. This is also helpful if you have multiple disks and your BIOS "
"doesn't give them consistent device names."
msgstr ""
"儘管重新配置你的分割槽或可移動儲存介質的啟用順序可能會給分割槽產生不同的名"
"字，但你可以使用同一個 UUID 來訪問它們。如果你有多個硬碟並且你的 BIOS 沒有給"
"它們一致的裝置名的話，使用 UUID 是不錯的選擇。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> with \"<literal>-U</literal>\" option can mount a block device "
"using <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink>, instead of using its file name "
"such as \"<literal>/dev/sda3</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令帶有 “<literal>-U</literal>” 選項可以使用<ulink url="
"\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> 來掛載一個塊裝置，而不必使用他的檔名稱，例如 "
"“<literal>/dev/sda3</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) can use <ulink url="
"\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>”（參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>）可以使用 <ulink url="
"\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Boot loaders (<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) may use <ulink "
"url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> too."
msgstr ""
"引載載入程式（<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>）也可以使用 "
"<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can probe <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> of a block special device "
"with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>blkid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>blkid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來檢視一個特定塊裝置的 <ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</"
"ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Device nodes of devices such as removable storage media can be made static "
"by using <ulink url=\"&udevrules;\">udev rules</ulink>, if needed.  See "
"<xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>."
msgstr ""
"如果需要的話，裝置（例如可移動儲存介質）的裝置節點可以通過 <ulink url="
"\"&udevrules;\">udev 規則</ulink> 使其變為靜態。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_the_udev_system\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "LVM2"
msgstr "LVM2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"LVM2 is a <ulink url=\"&logicalvolumemanager;\">logical volume manager</"
"ulink> for the Linux kernel.  With LVM2, disk partitions can be created on "
"logical volumes instead of the physical harddisks."
msgstr ""
"LVM2 是一個用於 Linux 核心的<ulink url=\"&logicalvolumemanager;\">邏輯卷管理"
"器</ulink>。使用 LVM2 的話，硬碟分割槽可以建立在邏輯捲上來替代物理硬碟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "LVM requires the following."
msgstr "LVM 有下列需求。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "device-mapper support in the Linux kernel (default for Debian kernels)"
msgstr "Linux 核心中的裝置對映支援（Debian 核心預設支援）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"the userspace device-mapper support library (<literal>libdevmapper*</"
"literal> package)"
msgstr "使用者自定義裝置對映支援庫（<literal>libdevmapper*</literal> 軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "the userspace LVM2 tools (<literal>lvm2</literal> package)"
msgstr "使用者自定義 LVM2 工具（<literal>lvm2</literal> 軟體包）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Please start learning LVM2 from the following manpages."
msgstr "請從下面的 man 手冊開始瞭解 LVM2。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: Basics of LVM2 mechanism (list of all LVM2 commands)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>：LVM2 機制的基礎知識（列出了所有 LVM2 命令）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvm.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>: Configuration file for LVM2"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvm.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>：LVM2 的配置檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: Report information about logical volumes"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>：報告邏輯卷的相關資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vgs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: Report information about volume groups"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vgs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>：報告卷組的相關資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: Report information about physical volumes"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>：報告物理卷的相關資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Filesystem configuration"
msgstr "檔案系統配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> filesystem, the <literal>e2fsprogs</"
"literal> package provides the following."
msgstr ""
"對於 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系統, <literal>e2fsprogs</"
"literal> 包提供下面的工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to create new <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> "
"filesystem"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 建立新的 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系"
"統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to check and to repair existing <ulink url=\"&exte;"
"\">ext4</ulink> filesystem"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 檢查和修復現有 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> "
"檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to configure superblock of <ulink url=\"&exte;"
"\">ext4</ulink> filesystem"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 配置 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系統的"
"超級塊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debugfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to debug <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> "
"filesystem interactively. (It has <literal>undel</literal> command to "
"recover deleted files.)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debugfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 互動式的除錯 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔"
"案系統. (它有 <literal>undel</literal> 命令來恢復已經刪除的檔案.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands are provided "
"by the <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> package as front-ends to various "
"filesystem dependent programs (<literal>mkfs.fstype</literal> and "
"<literal>fsck.fstype</literal>). For <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> "
"filesystem, they are <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (they are symlinked to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>e2fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令是由 "
"<literal>e2fsprogs</literal> 包提供的，是各種檔案系統相關程式的前端。"
"(<literal>mkfs.fstype</literal> 和 <literal>fsck.fstype</literal>). 對於 "
"<ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系統,它們是 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck.ext4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> (它們被符號連結到 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>e2fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Similar commands are available for each filesystem supported by Linux."
msgstr "Linux 支援的每一個檔案系統，有相似的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of filesystem management packages"
msgstr "檔案系統管理包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for the <ulink url=\"&extc;\">ext2</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&extd;"
"\">ext3</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> filesystems"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&extc;\">ext2</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink>/<ulink "
"url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系統工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for the <ulink url=\"&reiserfs;\">Reiserfs</ulink> filesystem"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&reiserfs;\">Reiserfs</ulink> 檔案系統工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for the <ulink url=\"&fat;\">FAT</ulink> filesystem. (Microsoft: "
"MS-DOS, Windows)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&fat;\">FAT</ulink> 檔案系統工具. (Microsoft: MS-DOS, Windows)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for the <ulink url=\"&xfs;\">XFS</ulink> filesystem. (SGI: IRIX)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&xfs;\">XFS</ulink> 檔案系統工具. (SGI: IRIX)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for the <ulink url=\"&ntfs;\">NTFS</ulink> filesystem. (Microsoft: "
"Windows NT, …)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&ntfs;\">NTFS</ulink> 檔案系統工具. (Microsoft: Windows NT, …)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for the <ulink url=\"&jfs;\">JFS</ulink> filesystem. (IBM: AIX, "
"OS/2)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&jfs;\">JFS</ulink> 檔案系統工具. (IBM: AIX, OS/2)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for the <ulink url=\"&reisere;\">Reiser4</ulink> filesystem"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&reisere;\">Reiser4</ulink> 檔案系統工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for <ulink url=\"&hfs;\">HFS</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&hfsplus;"
"\">HFS Plus</ulink> filesystem. (Apple: Mac OS)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&hfs;\">HFS</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&hfsplus;\">HFS Plus</"
"ulink> 檔案系統工具. (Apple: Mac OS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for the <ulink url=\"&btrfs;\">Btrfs</ulink> filesystem"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&btrfs;\">Btrfs</ulink> 檔案系統工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "program to zero free blocks from ext2/3/4 filesystems"
msgstr "把 ext2/3/4 檔案系統上空閒塊設定為零的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&exte;\">Ext4</ulink> filesystem is the default filesystem for "
"the Linux system and strongly recommended to use it unless you have some "
"specific reasons not to."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&exte;\">Ext4</ulink> 檔案系統是 Linux 系統上預設的檔案系統，強"
"烈推薦使用這個檔案系統，除非你有特殊的理由不使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&btrfs;\">Btrfs</ulink> filesystem is available in Linux kernel "
"3.2 (Debian <literal>wheezy</literal>).  It is expected to be the next "
"default filesystem after the ext4 filesystem."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&btrfs;\">Btrfs</ulink> 檔案系統在 Linux 核心 3.2(Debian "
"<literal>wheezy</literal>)上存在。它被期望作為 ext4 檔案系統之後的下一個預設"
"檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"You should not use the Btrfs filesystem for your critical data yet before it "
"acquires the live kernel space <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> feature and the boot "
"loader support."
msgstr ""
"在得到當前核心空間的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 特徵和引導管理器支援"
"前，你的關鍵資料不應當使用 Btrfs 檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Some tools allow access to filesystem without Linux kernel support (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_manipulating_files_without_mounting_disk\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"一些工具可以在沒有 Linux 核心支援的情況下訪問檔案系統(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_manipulating_files_without_mounting_disk\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Filesystem creation and integrity check"
msgstr "檔案系統建立和完整性檢查"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command creates the filesystem on a Linux system. "
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command provides the filesystem integrity check "
"and repair on a Linux system."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 在 Linux 系統上建立檔案系統。"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令在 Linux系統上提供檔案系統完整性檢查和修復功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian now defaults to no periodic <literal>fsck</literal> after filesystem "
"creation."
msgstr ""
"在檔案系統建立後，Debian 現在預設不周期性的執行 <literal>fsck</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"It is generally not safe to run <literal>fsck</literal> on <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">mounted filesystems</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"在<emphasis role=\"strong\">已經掛載的檔案系統</emphasis>上執行 "
"<literal>fsck</literal> ，一般是不安全的."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can run the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> command safely on all "
"filesystems including root filesystem on reboot by setting "
"\"<literal>enable_periodic_fsck</literal>\" in \"<literal>/etc/mke2fs.conf</"
"literal>\" and the max mount count to 0 using \"<literal>tune2fs -c0 /dev/"
"&lt;partition_name&gt;</literal>\".  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/mke2fs.conf</literal>\" 裡設定 "
"\"<literal>enable_periodic_fsck</literal>\" 並使用 \"<literal>tune2fs -c0 /"
"dev/&lt;partition_name&gt;</literal>\" 設定最大掛載數為 0，便可以在重啟時，"
"讓 root 檔案系統包括在內的所有檔案系統上，安全的執行"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令.  參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Check files in \"<literal>/var/log/fsck/</literal>\" for the result of the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command run from the boot script."
msgstr ""
"從啟動腳本里面執行的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令結果，可以在 "
"\"<literal>/var/log/fsck/</literal>\" 目錄下檢視。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Optimization of filesystem by mount options"
msgstr "通過掛載選項優化檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The basic static filesystem configuration is given by \"<literal>/etc/fstab</"
"literal>\".  For example,"
msgstr "“<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>” 中包含了基礎的靜態檔案系統配置。例如，"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount point&gt;   &lt;type&gt;  &lt;options&gt;       &lt;dump&gt;  &lt;pass&gt;\n"
"proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0\n"
"UUID=709cbe4c-80c1-56db-8ab1-dbce3146d2f7 / ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1\n"
"UUID=817bae6b-45d2-5aca-4d2a-1267ab46ac23 none swap sw  0       0\n"
"/dev/scd0       /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0       0"
msgstr ""
"# &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount point&gt;   &lt;type&gt;  &lt;options&gt;       &lt;dump&gt;  &lt;pass&gt;\n"
"proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0\n"
"UUID=709cbe4c-80c1-56db-8ab1-dbce3146d2f7 / ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1\n"
"UUID=817bae6b-45d2-5aca-4d2a-1267ab46ac23 none swap sw  0       0\n"
"/dev/scd0       /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0       0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>) may be used to identify a block "
"device instead of normal block device names such as \"<literal>/dev/sda1</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/dev/sda2</literal>\", …"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&uuid;\">UUID</ulink>（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_accessing_partition_using_uuid\"/>）可以替代一般的塊裝置名稱（例如 "
"“<literal>/dev/sda1</literal>”、“<literal>/dev/sda2</literal>”……）來識別一個"
"塊裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Performance and characteristics of a filesystem can be optimized by mount "
"options used on it (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>).  Notable ones are the following."
msgstr ""
"一個檔案系統的效能和特性可以通過所用的掛載選項來進行優化（參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>）。值得注意的有以下幾"
"點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>defaults</literal>\" option implies default options: "
"\"<literal>rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async</literal>\". (general)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>defaults</literal>” 選項隱含的預設選項為：“<literal>rw,suid,dev,"
"exec,auto,nouser,async</literal>”。（通常）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" option is "
"very effective for speeding up the read access. (general)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>noatime</literal>” 或 “<literal>relatime</literal>” 選項對於加速讀"
"取訪問非常有效。（通常）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>user</literal>\" option allows an ordinary user to mount the "
"filesystem. This option implies \"<literal>noexec,nosuid,nodev</literal>\" "
"option combination. (general, used for CDs or usb storage devices)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>user</literal>” 選項允許一個普通使用者掛載檔案系統。這個選項是 "
"“<literal>noexec,nosuid,nodev</literal>” 選項的組合。（通常，用於 CD 或 usb "
"儲存裝置）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>noexec,nodev,nosuid</literal>\" option combination is used to "
"enhance security. (general)"
msgstr ""
"“<literal>noexec,nodev,nosuid</literal>” 選項組合被用來增強安全性。（通常）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>noauto</literal>\" option limits mounting by explicit operation "
"only. (general)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>noauto</literal>\" 選項限制掛載，只有明確進行掛載操作才進行掛載"
"（通常）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>data=journal</literal>\" option for ext3fs can enhance data "
"integrity against power failure with some loss of write speed."
msgstr ""
"用於 ext3fs 的 “<literal>data=journal</literal>” 選項可以增強電源故障時資料的"
"完整性，但會損失一些寫入速度。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You need to provide kernel boot parameter (see <xref linkend="
"\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>), e.g. \"<literal>rootflags=data=journal</"
"literal>\" to deploy a non-default journaling mode for the root filesystem.  "
"For <literal>lenny</literal>, the default jounaling mode is "
"\"<literal>rootflags=data=ordered</literal>\".  For <literal>squeeze</"
"literal>, it is \"<literal>rootflags=data=writeback</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"配置 root 檔案系統非預設的日誌模式，你需要向核心提供啟動引數(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>),比如說 "
"\"<literal>rootflags=data=journal</literal>\"。對於 <literal>lenny</literal> "
"版本,預設的日誌模式是 \"<literal>rootflags=data=ordered</literal>\".對於 "
"<literal>squeeze</literal> 版本，是\"<literal>rootflags=data=writeback</"
"literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Optimization of filesystem via superblock"
msgstr "通過超級塊（superblock）優化檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Characteristics of a filesystem can be optimized via its superblock using "
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> command."
msgstr ""
"一個檔案系統的特性可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令通過超級塊來優化。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execution of \"<literal>sudo tune2fs -l /dev/hda1</literal>\" displays the "
"contents of the filesystem superblock on \"<literal>/dev/hda1</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"執行 “<literal>sudo tune2fs -l /dev/hda1</literal>” 可以顯示 “<literal>/dev/"
"hda1</literal>” 上的檔案系統超級塊內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execution of \"<literal>sudo tune2fs -c 50 /dev/hda1</literal>\" changes "
"frequency of filesystem checks (<literal>fsck</literal> execution during "
"boot-up) to every 50 boots on \"<literal>/dev/hda1</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"執行\"<literal>sudo tune2fs -c 50 /dev/hda1</literal>\" 改變 \"<literal>/dev/"
"hda1</literal>\" 檔案系統的檢查(在啟動時執行 <literal>fsck</literal>)頻率為"
"每 50 次啟動."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execution of \"<literal>sudo tune2fs -j /dev/hda1</literal>\" adds "
"journaling capability to the filesystem, i.e. filesystem conversion from "
"<ulink url=\"&extc;\">ext2</ulink> to <ulink url=\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink> on "
"\"<literal>/dev/hda1</literal>\".  (Do this on the unmounted filesystem.)"
msgstr ""
"執行 “<literal>sudo tune2fs -j /dev/hda1</literal>” 會給檔案系統新增日誌功"
"能，即 “<literal>/dev/hda1</literal>” 的檔案系統從 <ulink url=\"&extc;"
"\">ext2</ulink> 轉換為 <ulink url=\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink>。（對未掛載的檔案系"
"統這麼做。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Execution of \"<literal>sudo tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/"
"hda1 &amp;&amp; fsck -pf /dev/hda1</literal>\" converts it from <ulink url="
"\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink> to <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> on \"<literal>/"
"dev/hda1</literal>\".  (Do this on the unmounted filesystem.)"
msgstr ""
"執行 “<literal>sudo tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/hda1 &amp;"
"&amp; fsck -pf /dev/hda1</literal>” 在 “<literal>/dev/hda1</literal>” 上將它"
"從 <ulink url=\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink> 轉換為 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</"
"ulink>。（對未掛載的系統這麼做。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Despite its name, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> works not only on the "
"<ulink url=\"&extc;\">ext2</ulink> filesystem but also on the <ulink url="
"\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> filesystems."
msgstr ""
"儘管 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的名字是這樣的，但它不僅能用於 <ulink url=\"&extc;"
"\">ext2</ulink> 檔案系統，也能用於 <ulink url=\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink> 和 "
"<ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Optimization of hard disk"
msgstr "硬碟優化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Please check your hardware and read manpage of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hdparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> before playing with hard disk configuration "
"because this may be quite dangerous for the data integrity."
msgstr ""
"在你折騰硬碟配置之前，請檢查你的硬體並閱讀 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hdparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 man 手冊頁，因為這可能會對資料完整性造成相當大的"
"危害。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can test disk access speed of a hard disk, e.g. \"<literal>/dev/hda</"
"literal>\", by \"<literal>hdparm -tT /dev/hda</literal>\". For some hard "
"disk connected with (E)IDE, you can speed it up with \"<literal>hdparm -q -"
"c3 -d1 -u1 -m16 /dev/hda</literal>\" by enabling the \"(E)IDE 32-bit I/O "
"support\", enabling the \"using_dma flag\", setting \"interrupt-unmask flag"
"\", and setting the \"multiple 16 sector I/O\" (dangerous!)."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過 “<literal>hdparm -tT /dev/hda</literal>” 來測試 “<literal>/dev/"
"hda</literal>” 硬碟的訪問速度。對於一些使用  (E)IDE 連線的硬碟，你可以使用 "
"“<literal>hdparm -q -c3 -d1 -u1 -m16 /dev/hda</literal>” 來啟用 “(E)IDE 32 位"
"支援”、啟用 “using_dma flag”、設定 “interrupt-unmask flag” 並設定 “multiple "
"16 sector I/O”（危險！），從而加速硬碟訪問速度。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can test write cache feature of a hard disk, e.g. \"<literal>/dev/sda</"
"literal>\", by \"<literal>hdparm -W /dev/sda</literal>\". You can disable "
"its write cache feature with \"<literal>hdparm -W 0 /dev/sda</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過 “<literal>hdparm -W /dev/sda</literal>” 來測試 “<literal>/dev/"
"sda</literal>” 硬碟的寫入快取功能。你可以使用 “<literal>hdparm -W 0 /dev/"
"sda</literal>” 關閉寫入快取功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may be able to read badly pressed CDROMs on modern high speed CD-ROM "
"drive by slowing it down with \"<literal>setcd -x 2</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"現代高速 CD-ROM 光碟機，你可以使用 \"<literal>setcd -x 2</literal>\" 降低速"
"度，來讀取不當壓縮的 CDROM 光碟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Optimization of solid state drive"
msgstr "固態硬碟優化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Performance and disk wear of the <ulink url=\"&solidstatedrivessd;\">solid "
"state drive (SSD)</ulink> can be optimized as follows."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&solidstatedrivessd;\">固態硬碟（solid state drive，SSD）</"
"ulink>的效能和硬碟磨損可以通過下列方式優化。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Use the latest Linux kernel. (&gt;= 3.2)"
msgstr "使用最新的 Linux 核心。（&gt;= 3.2）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Reduce disk writes for read disk accesses."
msgstr "減少讀取硬碟訪問的硬碟寫入。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</literal>\" mount "
"option in <literal>/etc/fstab</literal>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>noatime</literal>” 或 "
"“<literal>relatime</literal>” 掛載選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Enable the <ulink url=\"&trim;\">TRIM</ulink> command."
msgstr "啟用 <ulink url=\"&trim;\">TRIM</ulink> 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>discard</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/fstab</"
"literal> for the ext4 filesystem, swap partition, Btrfs, etc. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中為 ext4 檔案系統、swap 分割槽、Btrfs 等設"
"定 <literal>discard</literal> 掛載選項。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>discard</literal>\" option in <literal>/etc/lvm/lvm.conf</"
"literal> for <ulink url=\"&lvm;\">LVM</ulink>. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvm.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/lvm/lvm.conf</literal> 中為 <ulink url=\"&lvm;\">LVM</"
"ulink> 設定 “<literal>discard</literal>” 選項。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lvm.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>discard</literal>\" option in <literal>/etc/crypttab</"
"literal> for <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>. See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/crypttab</literal> 中為 <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</"
"ulink> 設定 “<literal>discard</literal>” 選項。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Enable the SSD optimized disk space allocation scheme."
msgstr "啟用 SSD 硬碟空間分配優化方案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>ssd</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> "
"for the Btrfs."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中為 Brtfs 設定 “<literal>ssd</literal>” 掛"
"載選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Make system flush data to the disk every 10 minutes for laptop PCs."
msgstr "對於膝上型電腦，使系統每 10 分鐘重新整理資料到硬碟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set \"<literal>commit=600</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/fstab</"
"literal>. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中設定 “<literal>commit=600</literal>” 掛載"
"選項。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Set pm-utils to use laptop-mode even under AC operation. See <ulink url="
"\"&debianbtsgfjcga;\">Debian BTS #659260</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"設定 pm-utils 使用筆記本模式，即使在 AC 電源供電下。參見 <ulink url="
"\"&debianbtsgfjcga;\">Debian BTS #659260</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Changing flushing interval from normal 5 seconds to 10 minutes makes your "
"data vulnerable to the power failure."
msgstr ""
"將重新整理間隔從一般的 5 秒改為 10 分鐘會導致遇到電源故障時資料容易丟失。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Using SMART to predict hard disk failure"
msgstr "使用 SMART 預測硬碟故障"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can monitor and log your hard disk which is compliant to <ulink url="
"\"&smart;\">SMART</ulink> with the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> daemon."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用相容 <ulink url=\"&smart;\">SMART</ulink> 的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 後臺守護程序（daemon）來監控和記錄你的硬碟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Enable <ulink url=\"&smart;\">SMART</ulink> feature in <ulink url=\"&bios;"
"\">BIOS</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&bios;\">BIOS</ulink> 中啟用 <ulink url=\"&smart;\">SMART</"
"ulink> 功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Install the <literal>smartmontools</literal> package."
msgstr "安裝 <literal>smartmontools</literal> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Identify your hard disk drives by listing them with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>df</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 列出硬碟驅動並識別它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Let's assume a hard disk drive to be monitored as \"<literal>/dev/hda</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr "讓我們假設要監控的硬碟為 “<literal>/dev/hda</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Check the output of \"<literal>smartctl -a /dev/hda</literal>\" to see if "
"<ulink url=\"&smart;\">SMART</ulink> feature is actually enabled."
msgstr ""
"檢查 “<literal>smartctl -a /dev/hda</literal>” 的輸出，看 <ulink url="
"\"&smart;\">SMART</ulink> 功能是否已啟用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "If not, enable it by \"<literal>smartctl -s on -a /dev/hda</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果沒有，通過 “<literal>smartctl -s on -a /dev/hda</literal>” 啟用它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Enable <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> daemon to run by the following."
msgstr ""
"通過下列方式執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 後臺守護程序"
"（daemon）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"uncomment \"<literal>start_smartd=yes</literal>\" in the \"<literal>/etc/"
"default/smartmontools</literal>\" file."
msgstr ""
"消除 <literal>/etc/default/smartmontools</literal>” 檔案中 "
"“<literal>start_smartd=yes</literal>” 的註釋。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"restart the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> daemon by \"<literal>sudo /etc/init.d/"
"smartmontools restart</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"通過 “<literal>sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools restart</literal>” 重新啟動 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 後臺守護程序（daemon）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> daemon can be customized with the <literal>/etc/"
"smartd.conf</literal> file including how to be notified of warnings."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smartd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 後臺守護程序（daemon）可以使用 <literal>/etc/smartd.conf</"
"literal> 檔案進行自定義，檔案中包含了相關的警告。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Specify temporary storage directory via $TMPDIR"
msgstr "通過 $TMPDIR 指定臨時儲存目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Applications create temporary files normally under the temporary storage "
"directory \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\".  If \"<literal>/tmp</literal>\" does "
"not provide enough space, you can specify such temporary storage directory "
"via the <literal>$TMPDIR</literal> variable for well-behaving programs."
msgstr ""
"應用程式一般在臨時儲存目錄 “<literal>/tmp</literal>” 下建立臨時檔案。如果 "
"“<literal>/tmp</literal>” 沒有足夠的空間，你可以通過 <literal>$TMPDIR</"
"literal> 變數來為程式指定臨時儲存目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Expansion of usable storage space via LVM"
msgstr "通過 LVM 擴充套件可用儲存空間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For partitions created on <ulink url=\"&logicalvolumemanagerlvm;\">Logical "
"Volume Manager (LVM)</ulink> (Linux feature) at install time, they can be "
"resized easily by concatenating extents onto them or truncating extents from "
"them over multiple storage devices without major system reconfiguration."
msgstr ""
"在安裝時建立在 <ulink url=\"&logicalvolumemanagerlvm;\">Logical Volume "
"Manager 邏輯卷管理(LVM)</ulink> (Linux 特性) 上的分割槽，它們可以容易的通過合"
"併擴充套件或刪除擴充套件的方式改變大小，而不需要在多個儲存裝置上進行大量的重"
"新配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Expansion of usable storage space by mounting another partition"
msgstr "通過掛載另一個分割槽來擴充套件可用儲存空間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have an empty partition (e.g., \"<literal>/dev/sdx</literal>\"), you "
"can format it with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> it to a directory where you need more space. (You need to copy "
"original data contents.)"
msgstr ""
"如果你有一個空的分割槽（例如 “<literal>/dev/sdx</literal>”），你可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 將它格式化，並使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 將它掛載到你需要更多空間的目錄。（你需要複製原始資料內容。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo mv work-dir old-dir\n"
"$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx\n"
"$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdx work-dir\n"
"$ sudo cp -a old-dir/* work-dir\n"
"$ sudo rm -rf old-dir"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo mv work-dir old-dir\n"
"$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx\n"
"$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdx work-dir\n"
"$ sudo cp -a old-dir/* work-dir\n"
"$ sudo rm -rf old-dir"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may alternatively mount an empty disk image file (see <xref linkend="
"\"_making_the_empty_disk_image_file\"/>) as a loop device (see <xref linkend="
"\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>).  The actual disk usage grows with the "
"actual data stored."
msgstr ""
"你也可以選擇掛載一個空硬碟映像檔案（參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_making_the_empty_disk_image_file\"/>）作為一個迴圈裝置（參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>）。實際的硬碟使用量會隨著實際儲存"
"資料的增加而增加。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Expansion of usable storage space by bind-mounting another directory"
msgstr "通過 “mount --bind” 掛載另一個目錄來擴充套件可用儲存空間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have an empty directory (e.g., \"<literal>/path/to/emp-dir</literal>"
"\") on another partition with usable space, you can mount(8) it with "
"\"<literal>--bind</literal>\" option to a directory (e.g., \"<literal>work-"
"dir</literal>\") where you need more space."
msgstr ""
"如果你在另一個分割槽裡有一個帶有可用空間的空目錄（例如 “<literal>/path/to/"
"emp-dir</literal>”），你可以通過帶有 “<literal>--bind</literal>” 選項的 "
"mount(8)，將它掛載到一個你需要更多空間的目錄（例如 “<literal>work-dir</"
"literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo mount --bind /path/to/emp-dir work-dir"
msgstr "$ sudo mount --bind /path/to/emp-dir work-dir"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Expansion of usable storage space by bind-mounting another directory"
msgid "Expansion of usable storage space by overlay-mounting another directory"
msgstr "通過 “mount --bind” 掛載另一個目錄來擴充套件可用儲存空間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If you have usable space in another partition (e.g., \"<literal>/path/to/"
#| "empty</literal>\" and \"<literal>/path/to/work</literal>\"), you can "
#| "create a directory in it and stack that on to an old directory (e.g., "
#| "\"<literal>/path/to/old</literal>\") where you need space with <ulink url="
#| "\"&overlayfs;\">OverlayFS</ulink> with Linux kernel 3.18 or newer (Debian "
#| "Stetch 9.0 or newer)."
msgid ""
"If you have usable space in another partition (e.g., \"<literal>/path/to/"
"empty</literal>\" and \"<literal>/path/to/work</literal>\"), you can create "
"a directory in it and stack that on to an old directory (e.g., \"<literal>/"
"path/to/old</literal>\") where you need space using the <ulink url="
"\"&overlayfs;\">OverlayFS</ulink> for Linux kernel 3.18 or newer (Debian "
"Stretch 9.0 or newer)."
msgstr ""
"如果你在另一個分割槽表中有可用的空間（例如，“<literal>/path/to/empty</"
"literal>” 和 “<literal>/path/to/work</literal>”），你可以在其中建立一個目錄並"
"堆疊到你需要空間的那個舊的目錄（例如，“<literal>/path/to/old</literal>”），要"
"這樣做，你需要 Linux 核心 3.18 或更新（Debian Stetch 9.0 或更新）的 <ulink "
"url=\"&overlayfs;\">OverlayFS</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo mount -t overlay overlay \\\n"
"  -olowerdir=/path/to/old-dir,upperdir=/path/to/empty,workdir=/path/to/work"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo mount -t overlay overlay \\\n"
"  -olowerdir=/path/to/old-dir,upperdir=/path/to/empty,workdir=/path/to/work"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, \"<literal>/path/to/empty</literal>\" and \"<literal>/path/to/work</"
"literal>\" should be on the RW-enabled partition to write on \"<literal>/"
"path/to/old</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>/path/to/empty</literal>” 和 “<literal>/path/to/work</literal>” 應"
"該位於可讀寫的分割槽，從而能夠寫入 “<literal>/path/to/old</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Expansion of usable storage space using symlink"
msgstr "使用符號連結擴充套件可用儲存空間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"This is a deprecated method.  Some software may not function well with "
"\"symlink to a directory\".  Instead, use the \"mounting\" approaches "
"described in the above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have an empty directory (e.g., \"<literal>/path/to/emp-dir</literal>"
"\") in another partition with usable space, you can create a symlink to the "
"directory with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ln</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"如果你在另一個分割槽裡有一個帶有可用空間的空目錄（例如 “<literal>/path/to/"
"emp-dir</literal>”），你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ln</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 建立目錄的一個符號連"
"結。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo mv work-dir old-dir\n"
"$ sudo mkdir -p /path/to/emp-dir\n"
"$ sudo ln -sf /path/to/emp-dir work-dir\n"
"$ sudo cp -a old-dir/* work-dir\n"
"$ sudo rm -rf old-dir"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo mv work-dir old-dir\n"
"$ sudo mkdir -p /path/to/emp-dir\n"
"$ sudo ln -sf /path/to/emp-dir work-dir\n"
"$ sudo cp -a old-dir/* work-dir\n"
"$ sudo rm -rf old-dir"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use \"symlink to a directory\" for directories managed by the system "
"such as \"<literal>/opt</literal>\".  Such a symlink may be overwritten when "
"the system is upgraded."
msgstr ""
"別對由系統管理的目錄（例如 “<literal>/opt</literal>”）使用“連結到目錄”，這樣"
"的連結在系統升級時可能會被覆蓋。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The disk image"
msgstr "磁碟映像"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Here, we discuss manipulations of the disk image."
msgstr "我們在這裡討論磁碟影響的操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Making the disk image file"
msgstr "製作磁碟映像檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The disk image file, \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\", of an unmounted "
"device, e.g., the second SCSI or serial ATA drive \"<literal>/dev/sdb</"
"literal>\", can be made using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"一個未掛載裝置（例如，第二個 SCSI 或 序列 ATA 裝置 “<literal>/dev/sdb</"
"literal>”）的磁碟映像檔案 “<literal>disk.img</literal>” 可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 通過下列方式建立。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cp /dev/sdb disk.img\n"
"# dd if=/dev/sdb of=disk.img"
msgstr ""
"# cp /dev/sdb disk.img\n"
"# dd if=/dev/sdb of=disk.img"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The disk image of the traditional PC's <ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;"
"\">master boot record (MBR)</ulink> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/>) which reside on the first sector on the "
"primary IDE disk can be made by using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"傳統 PC 中位於主 IDE 硬碟第一扇區的<ulink url=\"&masterbootrecordmbr;\">主引"
"導記錄（MBR）</ulink>（參見 <xref linkend=\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/"
">）的磁碟映像可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 通過下列方式建立。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr.img bs=512 count=1\n"
"# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr-nopart.img bs=446 count=1\n"
"# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr-part.img skip=446 bs=1 count=66"
msgstr ""
"# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr.img bs=512 count=1\n"
"# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr-nopart.img bs=446 count=1\n"
"# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr-part.img skip=446 bs=1 count=66"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>mbr.img</literal>\": The MBR with the partition table"
msgstr "“<literal>mbr.img</literal>”：帶有分割槽表的 MBR"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>mbr-nopart.img</literal>\": The MBR without the partition table"
msgstr "“<literal>mbr-nopart.img</literal>”：不帶分割槽表的 MBR"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>mbr-part.img</literal>\": The partition table of the MBR only"
msgstr "“<literal>mbr-part.img</literal>”：僅 MBR 的分割槽表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have an SCSI or serial ATA device as the boot disk, substitute "
"\"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" with \"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果你使用 SCSI 或 序列 ATA 裝置作為啟動硬碟，你需要使用 “<literal>/dev/sda</"
"literal>” 替代 “<literal>/dev/hda</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are making an image of a disk partition of the original disk, "
"substitute \"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" with \"<literal>/dev/hda1</"
"literal>\" etc."
msgstr ""
"如果你要建立原始硬碟的一個硬碟分割槽的映像，你需要使用 “<literal>/dev/hda1</"
"literal>” 等替代 “<literal>/dev/hda</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Writing directly to the disk"
msgstr "直接寫入硬碟"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The disk image file, \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" can be written to an "
"unmounted device, e.g., the second SCSI drive \"<literal>/dev/sdb</literal>"
"\" with matching size, by the following."
msgstr ""
"磁碟映像檔案 “<literal>disk.img</literal>” 可以通過下列方式寫入到一個匹配大小"
"的未掛載裝置（例如，第二個 SCSI  裝置 <literal>“/dev/sdb</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dd if=disk.img of=/dev/sdb"
msgstr "# dd if=disk.img of=/dev/sdb"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Similarly, the disk partition image file, \"<literal>partition.img</literal>"
"\" can be written to an unmounted partition, e.g., the first partition of "
"the second SCSI drive \"<literal>/dev/sdb1</literal>\" with matching size, "
"by the following."
msgstr ""
"相似地，硬碟分割槽映像檔案 “<literal>partition.img</literal>” 可以通過下列方"
"式寫入到匹配大小的未掛載分割槽（例如，第二個 SCSI 裝置的第一個分割槽 "
"“<literal>/dev/sdb1</literal>”）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dd if=partition.img of=/dev/sdb1"
msgstr "# dd if=partition.img of=/dev/sdb1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Mounting the disk image file"
msgstr "掛載磁碟映像檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The disk image \"<literal>partition.img</literal>\" containing a single "
"partition image can be mounted and unmounted by using the <ulink url="
"\"&loopdevice;\">loop device</ulink> as follows."
msgstr ""
"可以使用<ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">迴圈裝置</ulink>通過下列方式掛載和解除安"
"裝包含單個分割槽映像的磁碟映像 “<literal>partition.img</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# losetup -v -f partition.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop0\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0\n"
"# mount -t auto /dev/loop0 /mnt/loop0\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount /dev/loop0\n"
"# losetup -d /dev/loop0"
msgstr ""
"# losetup -v -f partition.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop0\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0\n"
"# mount -t auto /dev/loop0 /mnt/loop0\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount /dev/loop0\n"
"# losetup -d /dev/loop0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This can be simplified as follows."
msgstr "可以簡化為如下步驟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0\n"
"# mount -t auto -o loop partition.img /mnt/loop0\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount partition.img"
msgstr ""
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0\n"
"# mount -t auto -o loop partition.img /mnt/loop0\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount partition.img"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each partition of the disk image \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" containing "
"multiple partitions can be mounted by using the <ulink url=\"&loopdevice;"
"\">loop device</ulink>.  Since the loop device does not manage partitions by "
"default, we need to reset it as follows."
msgstr ""
"可以使用 <ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">迴圈裝置</ulink> 掛載包含多個分割槽的磁"
"碟映像 “<literal>disk.img</literal>” 的每個分割槽。因為迴圈裝置預設不管理分割"
"槽，因此我們需要通過下列方式重新設定它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# modinfo -p loop # verify kernel capability\n"
"max_part:Maximum number of partitions per loop device\n"
"max_loop:Maximum number of loop devices\n"
"# losetup -a # verify nothing using the loop device\n"
"# rmmod loop\n"
"# modprobe loop max_part=16"
msgstr ""
"# modinfo -p loop # verify kernel capability\n"
"max_part:Maximum number of partitions per loop device\n"
"max_loop:Maximum number of loop devices\n"
"# losetup -a # verify nothing using the loop device\n"
"# rmmod loop\n"
"# modprobe loop max_part=16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Now, the loop device can manage up to 16 partitions."
msgstr "現在迴圈裝置可以管理多達 16 個分割槽。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# losetup -v -f disk.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop0\n"
"# fdisk -l /dev/loop0\n"
"\n"
"Disk /dev/loop0: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes\n"
"255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders\n"
"Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\n"
"Disk identifier: 0x452b6464\n"
"\n"
"      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n"
"/dev/loop0p1               1         600     4819468+  83  Linux\n"
"/dev/loop0p2             601         652      417690   83  Linux\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0p1\n"
"# mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0p1 /mnt/loop0p1\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"# mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0p2 /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount /dev/loop0p1\n"
"# umount /dev/loop0p2\n"
"# losetup -d /dev/loop0"
msgstr ""
"# losetup -v -f disk.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop0\n"
"# fdisk -l /dev/loop0\n"
"\n"
"Disk /dev/loop0: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes\n"
"255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders\n"
"Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\n"
"Disk identifier: 0x452b6464\n"
"\n"
"      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\n"
"/dev/loop0p1               1         600     4819468+  83  Linux\n"
"/dev/loop0p2             601         652      417690   83  Linux\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0p1\n"
"# mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0p1 /mnt/loop0p1\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"# mount -t ext4 /dev/loop0p2 /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount /dev/loop0p1\n"
"# umount /dev/loop0p2\n"
"# losetup -d /dev/loop0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, similar effects can be done by using the <ulink url="
"\"&devicemapper;\">device mapper</ulink> devices created by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kpartx</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> from the <literal>kpartx</literal> package as follows."
msgstr ""
"或者，你也可以使用 <literal>kpartx</literal> 軟體包中的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kpartx</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 建立 <ulink url=\"&devicemapper;\">裝置對映</ulink>裝置來達到相"
"同的效果。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# kpartx -a -v disk.img\n"
"...\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"...\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount /dev/mapper/loop0p2\n"
"...\n"
"# kpartx -d /mnt/loop0"
msgstr ""
"# kpartx -a -v disk.img\n"
"...\n"
"# mkdir -p /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /mnt/loop0p2\n"
"...\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# umount /dev/mapper/loop0p2\n"
"...\n"
"# kpartx -d /mnt/loop0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"You can mount a single partition of such disk image with <ulink url="
"\"&loopdevice;\">loop device</ulink> using offset to skip <ulink url=\"&mbr;"
"\">MBR</ulink> etc., too.  But this is more error prone."
msgstr ""
"你也可以使用<ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">迴圈裝置</ulink>利用偏移量來跳過 "
"<ulink url=\"&mbr;\">MBR</ulink> 等，來掛載此類磁碟映像的單個分割槽。但這更加"
"容易出錯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Cleaning a disk image file"
msgstr "清理磁碟映像檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A disk image file, \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" can be cleaned of all "
"removed files into clean sparse image \"<literal>new.img</literal>\" by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"使用下面的方式，一個磁碟映像檔案 \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" 能夠清理掉所"
"有已經刪除的檔案，成為一個乾淨的稀疏映像 \"<literal>new.img</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# mkdir old; mkdir new\n"
"# mount -t auto -o loop disk.img old\n"
"# dd bs=1 count=0 if=/dev/zero of=new.img seek=5G\n"
"# mount -t auto -o loop new.img new\n"
"# cd old\n"
"# cp -a --sparse=always ./ ../new/\n"
"# cd ..\n"
"# umount new.img\n"
"# umount disk.img"
msgstr ""
"# mkdir old; mkdir new\n"
"# mount -t auto -o loop disk.img old\n"
"# dd bs=1 count=0 if=/dev/zero of=new.img seek=5G\n"
"# mount -t auto -o loop new.img new\n"
"# cd old\n"
"# cp -a --sparse=always ./ ../new/\n"
"# cd ..\n"
"# umount new.img\n"
"# umount disk.img"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" is in ext2, ext3 or ext4, you can also "
"use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zerofree</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> from the <literal>zerofree</literal> package as "
"follows."
msgstr ""
"如果 “<literal>disk.img</literal>” 位於 ext2、ext3 或 ext4，你也可以像下面那"
"樣使用 <literal>zerofree</literal> 軟體包中的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>zerofree</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# losetup -f -v disk.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop3\n"
"# zerofree /dev/loop3\n"
"# cp --sparse=always disk.img new.img"
msgstr ""
"# losetup -f -v disk.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop3\n"
"# zerofree /dev/loop3\n"
"# cp --sparse=always disk.img new.img"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Making the empty disk image file"
msgstr "製作空的磁碟映像檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The empty disk image \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" which can grow up to "
"5GiB can be made using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> as follows."
msgstr ""
"按下面的方式使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> ，可以製作一個大小為 "
"5GiB 的空磁碟映像檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ dd bs=1 count=0 if=/dev/zero of=disk.img seek=5G"
msgstr "$ dd bs=1 count=0 if=/dev/zero of=disk.img seek=5G"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can create an ext4 filesystem on this disk image \"<literal>disk.img</"
"literal>\" using the <ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">loop device</ulink> as "
"follows."
msgstr ""
"按下面的方式使用<ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">環回裝置</ulink>，你能夠在這個磁"
"碟映像\"<literal>disk.img</literal>\"上建立 ext4 檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# losetup -f -v disk.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop1\n"
"# mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop1\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# losetup -d /dev/loop1\n"
"$ du  --apparent-size -h disk.img\n"
"5.0G  disk.img\n"
"$ du -h disk.img\n"
"83M disk.img"
msgstr ""
"# losetup -f -v disk.img\n"
"Loop device is /dev/loop1\n"
"# mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop1\n"
"...hack...hack...hack\n"
"# losetup -d /dev/loop1\n"
"$ du  --apparent-size -h disk.img\n"
"5.0G  disk.img\n"
"$ du -h disk.img\n"
"83M disk.img"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\", its file size is 5.0 GiB and its actual "
"disk usage is mere 83MiB.  This discrepancy is possible since <ulink url="
"\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> can hold <ulink url=\"&sparsefile;\">sparse file</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"對於 \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\",它的檔案大小是5.0 GiB，而它實際磁碟使用"
"僅僅是 83MiB.這個差距可能是由於 <ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 裡面有"
"<ulink url=\"&sparsefile;\">稀疏檔案</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The actual disk usage of <ulink url=\"&sparsefile;\">sparse file</ulink> "
"grows with data which are written to it."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&sparsefile;\">稀疏檔案</ulink>的實際磁碟使用會隨著資料的寫入而"
"增加。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Using similar operation on devices created by the <ulink url=\"&loopdevice;"
"\">loop device</ulink> or the <ulink url=\"&devicemapper;\">device mapper</"
"ulink> devices as <xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>, you can "
"partition this disk image \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and can create "
"filesystem on it using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, etc."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">迴環裝置</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&devicemapper;"
"\">裝置對映</ulink> 裝置上使用類似的操作，在這些裝置按 <xref linkend="
"\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/> 掛載後, 你能夠使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>對這個磁碟映像"
"\"<literal>disk.img</literal>\"進行分割槽，能夠使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.ext4</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkswap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>在上面建立檔案系統等."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Making the ISO9660 image file"
msgstr "製作 ISO9660 映象檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&isojgga;\">ISO9660</ulink> image file, \"<literal>cd.iso</"
"literal>\", from the source directory tree at \"<literal>source_directory</"
"literal>\" can be made using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>genisoimage</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> provided by <ulink url="
"\"&cdrkit;\">cdrkit</ulink> by the following."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>源目錄</literal>\"下的目錄樹可以通過如下所示的 <ulink url="
"\"&cdrkit;\">cdrkit</ulink> 提供的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>genisoimage</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令來製作 <ulink url="
"\"&isojgga;\">ISO9660</ulink> 映象檔案，\"<literal>cd.iso</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "#  genisoimage -r -J -T -V volume_id -o cd.iso source_directory"
msgstr "#  genisoimage -r -J -T -V volume_id -o cd.iso source_directory"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Similarly, the bootable ISO9660 image file, \"<literal>cdboot.iso</literal>"
"\", can be made from <literal>debian-installer</literal> like directory tree "
"at \"<literal>source_directory</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"類似的，可引導的 ISO9660 映象檔案，\"<literal>cdboot.iso</literal>\", 能夠從 "
"<literal>debian-installer</literal> 類似目錄樹 \"<literal>source_directory</"
"literal>\" 製作，方式如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#  genisoimage -r -o cdboot.iso -V volume_id \\\n"
"   -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat \\\n"
"   -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table source_directory"
msgstr ""
"#  genisoimage -r -o cdboot.iso -V volume_id \\\n"
"   -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat \\\n"
"   -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table source_directory"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here <ulink url=\"&isolinuxbootloader;\">Isolinux boot loader</ulink> (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) is used for booting."
msgstr ""
"這裡的 <ulink url=\"&isolinuxbootloader;\">Isolinux boot loader</ulink> (參"
"見 <xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>) 是用於啟動的."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can calculate the md5sum value and make the ISO9660 image directly from "
"the CD-ROM device as follows."
msgstr ""
"按下面的方式，你可以直接從光碟機裝置計算 md5sum 值，並製作 ISO9660 映象。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ isoinfo -d -i /dev/cdrom\n"
"CD-ROM is in ISO 9660 format\n"
"...\n"
"Logical block size is: 2048\n"
"Volume size is: 23150592\n"
"...\n"
"# dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 count=23150592 conv=notrunc,noerror | md5sum\n"
"# dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 count=23150592 conv=notrunc,noerror &gt; cd.iso"
msgstr ""
"$ isoinfo -d -i /dev/cdrom\n"
"CD-ROM is in ISO 9660 format\n"
"...\n"
"Logical block size is: 2048\n"
"Volume size is: 23150592\n"
"...\n"
"# dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 count=23150592 conv=notrunc,noerror | md5sum\n"
"# dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 count=23150592 conv=notrunc,noerror &gt; cd.iso"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"You must carefully avoid ISO9660 filesystem read ahead bug of Linux as above "
"to get the right result."
msgstr "為了得到正確結果，你必須小心避免 Linux ISO9600 檔案系統預讀 bug。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Writing directly to the CD/DVD-R/RW"
msgstr "直接寫入檔案到 CD/DVD-R/RW"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"DVD is only a large CD to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> provided by <ulink url="
"\"&cdrkit;\">cdrkit</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"對於由 <ulink url=\"&cdrkit;\">cdrkit</ulink> 提供的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來講，DVD 僅僅是一個大的 CD。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can find a usable device by the following."
msgstr "你能夠通過如下所示的命令找到可用的裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# wodim --devices"
msgstr "# wodim --devices"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Then the blank CD-R is inserted to the CD drive, and the ISO9660 image file, "
"\"<literal>cd.iso</literal>\" is written to this device, e.g., \"<literal>/"
"dev/hda</literal>\", using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"然後將空的 CD-R 插入 CD 驅動器並且把 ISO9660 映象檔案，\"<literal>cd.iso</"
"literal>\" 寫入到裝置中，例如用如下所示的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 將資料寫入到  \"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\" 裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# wodim -v -eject dev=/dev/hda cd.iso"
msgstr "# wodim -v -eject dev=/dev/hda cd.iso"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "If CD-RW is used instead of CD-R, do this instead by the following."
msgstr "如果用 CD-RW 代替 CD-R，用如下所示的命令來替代。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# wodim -v -eject blank=fast dev=/dev/hda cd.iso"
msgstr "# wodim -v -eject blank=fast dev=/dev/hda cd.iso"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If your desktop system mounts CDs automatically, unmount it by "
"\"<literal>sudo umount /dev/hda</literal>\" from console before using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"如果你的桌面系統自動掛載 CDs，在使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 之前在終端裡面用 "
"\"<literal>sudo umount /dev/hda</literal>\" 解除安裝它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Mounting the ISO9660 image file"
msgstr "掛載 ISO9660 映象檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If \"<literal>cd.iso</literal>\" contains an ISO9660 image, then the "
"following manually mounts it to \"<literal>/cdrom</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果 \"<literal>cd.iso</literal>\" 包含一個 ISO9660 映象, 下面的命令手工掛載"
"這個檔案到 \"<literal>/cdrom</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop cd.iso /cdrom"
msgstr "# mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop cd.iso /cdrom"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Modern desktop system may mount removable media such as ISO9660 formatted CD "
"automatically (see <xref linkend=\"_removable_storage_device\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"現代桌面系統能夠自動掛載可移動介質，如按 ISO9660 格式化的 CD(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_removable_storage_device\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The binary data"
msgstr "二進位制資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, we discuss direct manipulations of the binary data on storage media."
msgstr "這裡，我們討論直接操作儲存介質上的二進位制資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Viewing and editing binary data"
msgstr "檢視和編輯二進位制資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The most basic viewing method of binary data is to use \"<literal>od -t x1</"
"literal>\" command."
msgstr ""
"最基礎的檢視二進位制資料的方法是使用 \"<literal>od -t x1</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages which view and edit binary data"
msgstr "檢視和修改二進位制資料的軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"basic package which has <citerefentry><refentrytitle>od</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to dump files (HEX, "
"ASCII, OCTAL, …)"
msgstr ""
"基礎軟體包，有 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>od</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來匯出檔案(HEX, ASCII, OCTAL, …)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utility package which has <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to dump files (HEX, "
"ASCII, OCTAL, …)"
msgstr ""
"工具軟體包，有 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來匯出檔案(HEX, ASCII, OCTAL, …)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "binary editor and viewer (HEX, ASCII)"
msgstr "二進位制瀏覽和編輯器(HEX, ASCII)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full featured hexadecimal editor (GNOME)"
msgstr "全功能的十六進位制編輯器(GNOME)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "full featured hexadecimal editor (KDE4)"
msgstr "全功能的十六進位制編輯器(KDE4)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "binary editor and viewer (HEX, ASCII, EBCDIC)"
msgstr "二進位制瀏覽和編輯器(HEX, ASCII, EBCDIC)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "binary editor and viewer (HEX, ASCII, EBCDIC, OCTAL, …)"
msgstr "二進位制瀏覽和編輯器(HEX, ASCII, EBCDIC, OCTAL, ...)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"HEX is used as an acronym for <ulink url=\"&hexadecimal;\">hexadecimal</"
"ulink> format with <ulink url=\"&radix;\">radix</ulink> 16.  OCTAL is for "
"<ulink url=\"&octal;\">octal</ulink> format with <ulink url=\"&radix;"
"\">radix</ulink> 8.  ASCII is for <ulink url="
"\"&americanstandardationinterchange;\">American Standard Code for "
"Information Interchange</ulink>, i.e., normal English text code.  EBCDIC is "
"for <ulink url=\"&extendedbinarycolinterchangecode;\">Extended Binary Coded "
"Decimal Interchange Code</ulink> used on <ulink url=\"&ibmmainframe;\">IBM "
"mainframe</ulink> operating systems."
msgstr ""
"HEX 是十六進位制英文<ulink url=\"&hexadecimal;\">hexadecimal</ulink>首字母縮"
"略詞，基數 <ulink url=\"&radix;\">radix</ulink> 是 16。OCTAL 是八進位制英文"
"<ulink url=\"&octal;\">octal</ulink> 首字母縮略詞，基數 <ulink url=\"&radix;"
"\">radix</ulink>是 8。ASCII是美國資訊交換標準程式碼 <ulink url="
"\"&americanstandardationinterchange;\">American Standard Code for "
"Information Interchange</ulink> 的英文縮寫，即正常的英語文字程式碼。EBCDIC是"
"擴充套件二進位制編碼十進位制交換碼 <ulink url="
"\"&extendedbinarycolinterchangecode;\">Extended Binary Coded Decimal "
"Interchange Code</ulink> 的英文縮寫，在 <ulink url=\"&ibmmainframe;\">IBM 大"
"型機</ulink> 作業系統上使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Manipulating files without mounting disk"
msgstr "不掛載磁碟操作檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are tools to read and write files without mounting disk."
msgstr "有工具可以在沒有掛載磁碟的情況下讀寫檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages to manipulate files without mounting disk"
msgstr "不掛載磁碟操作檔案的軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for MSDOS files without mounting them"
msgstr "不掛載磁碟的 MSDOS 檔案工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for HFS and HFS+ files without mounting them"
msgstr "不掛載磁碟的 HFS 和 HFS+ 檔案工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Data redundancy"
msgstr "資料冗餘"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Software <ulink url=\"&raid;\">RAID</ulink> systems offered by the Linux "
"kernel provide data redundancy in the kernel filesystem level to achieve "
"high levels of storage reliability."
msgstr ""
"Linux 核心所提供的<ulink url=\"&raid;\">RAID</ulink>軟體系統提供核心檔案系統"
"級別的資料冗餘來實現高水平的儲存可靠性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are tools to add data redundancy to files in application program level "
"to achieve high levels of storage reliability, too."
msgstr "有在應用程式級別增加資料冗餘來實現高水平儲存可靠性的工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools to add data redundancy to files"
msgstr "向檔案新增資料冗餘的工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Parity Archive Volume Set, for checking and repair of files"
msgstr "奇偶校驗檔案卷設定，用於檢查和修復檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "data loss/scratch/aging protection for CD/DVD media"
msgstr "CD/DVD 媒體資料損失/劃傷/老化的保護"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"backup tool using MiniDV camcorders (providing "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsbep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"使用 MiniDV 行動式攝像機的備份工具(提供 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsbep</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "recover lost blocks using Forward Error Correction"
msgstr "使用前向糾錯恢復丟失的塊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Data file recovery and forensic analysis"
msgstr "資料檔案恢復和診斷分析"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are tools for data file recovery and forensic analysis."
msgstr "有用於資料檔案恢復和診斷分析的工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages for data file recovery and forensic analysis"
msgstr "資料檔案恢復和診斷分析軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utilities for partition scan and disk recovery"
msgstr "分割槽掃描和磁碟恢復的實用程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utility to recover files by looking for magic bytes"
msgstr ""
"通過查詢幻數 magic 位元組來恢復檔案的工具（譯註：請 man file 來了解幻數）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "frugal, high performance file carver"
msgstr "簡潔、高效能的檔案提取"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "rescue data from damaged harddisks"
msgstr "恢復損壞硬碟中的資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utility to undelete files on the ext3/4 filesystem"
msgstr "恢復刪除 ext3/4 檔案系統上的檔案的實用程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tool to help recover deleted files on the ext3 filesystem"
msgstr "幫助恢復 ext3 檔案系統上刪除的檔案的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "data recovery program for NTFS filesystems"
msgstr "NTFS 檔案系統的資料恢復程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "gzip recovery toolkit"
msgstr "gzip 恢復工具包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tools for forensics analysis. (Sleuthkit)"
msgstr "診斷分析工具(Sleuthkit)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "graphical interface to SleuthKit"
msgstr "SleuthKit 的圖形化介面"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "forensics application to recover data"
msgstr "恢復資料的診斷程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "forensic imaging tool based on Qt"
msgstr "基於 Qt 的診斷影象工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "enhanced version of <literal>dd</literal> for forensics and security"
msgstr "增強版的 <literal>dd</literal>，用於診斷和安全"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can undelete files on the ext2 filesystem using "
"<literal>list_deleted_inodes</literal> and <literal>undel</literal> commands "
"of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debugfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> in the <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"在 <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> 軟體包裡有 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debugfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令，使用該命令裡的 <literal>list_deleted_inodes</"
"literal> 和 <literal>undel</literal> 指令，你能夠恢復 ext2 檔案系統上刪除的檔"
"案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Splitting a large file into small files"
msgstr "把大檔案分成多個小檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When a data is too big to backup as a single file, you can backup its "
"content after splitting it into, e.g. 2000MiB chunks and merge those chunks "
"back into the original file later."
msgstr ""
"當一個檔案太大而不能備份的時候，你應該在備份之前先把它分割為多個小於 2000MiB "
"的小檔案，稍後再把這些小檔案合併為初始的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ split -b 2000m large_file\n"
"$ cat x* &gt;large_file"
msgstr ""
"$ split -b 2000m large_file\n"
"$ cat x* &gt;large_file"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Please make sure you do not have any files starting with \"<literal>x</"
"literal>\" to avoid name crashes."
msgstr ""
"為了防止檔名衝突，請確保沒有任何以 \"<literal>x</literal>\" 開頭的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Clearing file contents"
msgstr "清空檔案內容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to clear the contents of a file such as a log file, do not use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to delete the file and then create a new empty file, because "
"the file may still be accessed in the interval between commands.  The "
"following is the safe way to clear the contents of the file."
msgstr ""
"為了清除諸如日誌檔案之類的檔案的內容，不要用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令去刪除檔案然後建立新的空檔案，因為這個檔案可能在命令執行的"
"期間還在被使用。以下是清除檔案內容的正確方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ :&gt;file_to_be_cleared"
msgstr "$ :&gt;file_to_be_cleared"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Dummy files"
msgstr "樣子文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following commands create dummy or empty files."
msgstr "下面的命令創建樣子文件或空文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ dd if=/dev/zero    of=5kb.file bs=1k count=5\n"
"$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=7mb.file bs=1M count=7\n"
"$ touch zero.file\n"
"$ : &gt; alwayszero.file"
msgstr ""
"$ dd if=/dev/zero    of=5kb.file bs=1k count=5\n"
"$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=7mb.file bs=1M count=7\n"
"$ touch zero.file\n"
"$ : &gt; alwayszero.file"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You should find following files."
msgstr "你將發現下列文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>5kb.file</literal>\" is 5KB of zeros."
msgstr "\"<literal>5kb.file</literal>\" 是 5KB 零。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>7mb.file</literal>\" is 7MB of random data."
msgstr "\"<literal>7mb.file</literal>\"  是 7MB 隨機數據。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>zero.file</literal>\" may be a 0 byte file.  If it existed, its "
"<literal>mtime</literal> is updated while its content and its length are "
"kept."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>zero.file</literal>\" 也許是一個 0 字節的文件。如果這個文件之前就"
"存在，則它的 <literal>mtime</literal> 會被更新，而它的內容和長度保持不變。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>alwayszero.file</literal>\" is always a 0 byte file.  If it "
"existed, its <literal>mtime</literal> is updated and its content is reset."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>alwayszero.file</literal>\" 一定是一個 0 字節文件。如果這個文件之"
"前存在，則它的 <literal>mtime</literal> 會被更新，而它的內容會被清零。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Erasing an entire hard disk"
msgstr "擦除整塊硬碟"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several ways to completely erase data from an entire hard disk "
"like device, e.g., USB memory stick at \"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"有幾種方法來完全擦除裝置上整個硬碟上資料，比如說，在 \"<literal>/dev/sda</"
"literal>\" 上的 USB 記憶體盤。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Check your USB memory stick location with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> first before executing commands here.  The device pointed by "
"\"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\" may be SCSI hard disk or serial-ATA hard "
"disk where your entire system resides."
msgstr ""
"在執行這裡的命令之前，你應該用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令來檢視 USB 記憶棒的"
"掛載位置。\"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\" 指向的裝置可能是裝有整個系統的 "
"SCSI 硬碟或者 serial-ATA 硬碟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Erase all the disk content by resetting data to 0 with the following."
msgstr "如下所示是通過資料歸 0 的方式來擦除硬碟上所有資料的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda"
msgstr "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Erase everything by overwriting with random data as follows."
msgstr "如下是用隨機資料重寫的方式來擦除所有資料的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda"
msgstr "# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Erase everything by overwriting with random data very efficiently as follows."
msgstr "如下是用隨機資料重寫的方式來高效擦除所有資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# shred -v -n 1 /dev/sda"
msgstr "# shred -v -n 1 /dev/sda"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is available from the shell of many bootable Linux "
"CDs such as Debian installer CD, you can erase your installed system "
"completely by running an erase command from such media on the system hard "
"disk, e.g., \"<literal>/dev/hda</literal>\", \"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>"
"\", etc."
msgstr ""
"因為 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令在許多可引導的 Linux CDs (例如 Debian 安裝光"
"碟) 上的 shell 環境下都是可用的，你能夠在裝有系統的硬碟上，例如 \"<literal>/"
"dev/hda</literal>\", \"<literal>/dev/sda</literal>\" 等等裝置上執行擦除命令來"
"完全清除已經安裝的系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Erasing unused area of an hard disk"
msgstr "擦除硬碟上的未使用的區域"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Unused area on an hard disk (or USB memory stick), e.g. \"<literal>/dev/"
"sdb1</literal>\" may still contain erased data themselves since they are "
"only unlinked from the filesystem.  These can be cleaned by overwriting them."
msgstr ""
"硬碟（或 USB 記憶棒）上未使用的區域，例如“<literal>/dev/sdb1</literal>”可能仍"
"然包含可被擦除的資料，因為他們本身只是解除了從檔案系統的連結，這些可以通過重"
"寫來清除。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# mount -t auto /dev/sdb1 /mnt/foo\n"
"# cd /mnt/foo\n"
"# dd if=/dev/zero of=junk\n"
"dd: writing to `junk': No space left on device\n"
"...\n"
"# sync\n"
"# umount /dev/sdb1"
msgstr ""
"# mount -t auto /dev/sdb1 /mnt/foo\n"
"# cd /mnt/foo\n"
"# dd if=/dev/zero of=junk\n"
"dd: writing to `junk': No space left on device\n"
"...\n"
"# sync\n"
"# umount /dev/sdb1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"This is usually good enough for your USB memory stick.  But this is not "
"perfect.  Most parts of erased filenames and their attributes may be hidden "
"and remain in the filesystem."
msgstr ""
"這對您的USB 記憶棒來說通常已經足夠好了，但這還不完美。大部分已擦除的檔名和它"
"們的屬性可能隱藏並留在檔案系統中。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Undeleting deleted but still open files"
msgstr "恢復已經刪除但仍然被開啟的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even if you have accidentally deleted a file, as long as that file is still "
"being used by some application (read or write mode), it is possible to "
"recover such a file."
msgstr ""
"即使你不小心刪除了某個檔案，只要這個檔案仍然被一些應用程式所使用（讀或者"
"寫），恢復此檔案是可能的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo foo &gt; bar\n"
"$ less bar\n"
"$ ps aux | grep ' less[ ]'\n"
"bozo    4775  0.0  0.0  92200   884 pts/8    S+   00:18   0:00 less bar\n"
"$ rm bar\n"
"$ ls -l /proc/4775/fd | grep bar\n"
"lr-x------ 1 bozo bozo 64 2008-05-09 00:19 4 -&gt; /home/bozo/bar (deleted)\n"
"$ cat /proc/4775/fd/4 &gt;bar\n"
"$ ls -l\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4 2008-05-09 00:25 bar\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"foo"
msgstr ""
"$ echo foo &gt; bar\n"
"$ less bar\n"
"$ ps aux | grep 'less[ ]'\n"
"bozo    4775  0.0  0.0  92200   884 pts/8    S+   00:18   0:00 less bar\n"
"$ rm bar\n"
"$ ls -l /proc/4775/fd | grep bar\n"
"lr-x------ 1 bozo bozo 64 2008-05-09 00:19 4 -&gt; 2 /home/bozo/bar (deleted)\n"
"$ cat /proc/4775/fd/4 &gt; 3bar\n"
"$ ls -l\n"
"-rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4 2008-05-09 00:25 bar\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Execute on another terminal (when you have the <literal>lsof</literal> "
"package installed) as follows."
msgstr ""
"當你安裝了 <literal>lsof</literal> 軟體包的時候，在另外一個終端執行如下命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -li bar\n"
"2228329 -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4 2008-05-11 11:02 bar\n"
"$ lsof |grep bar|grep less\n"
"less 4775 bozo 4r REG 8,3 4 2228329 /home/bozo/bar\n"
"$ rm bar\n"
"$ lsof |grep bar|grep less\n"
"less 4775 bozo 4r REG 8,3 4 2228329 /home/bozo/bar (deleted)\n"
"$ cat /proc/4775/fd/4 &gt;bar\n"
"$ ls -li bar\n"
"2228302 -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4 2008-05-11 11:05 bar\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"foo"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -li bar\n"
"2228329 -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4 2008-05-11 11:02 bar\n"
"$ lsof |grep bar|grep less\n"
"less 4775 bozo 4r REG 8,3 4 2228329 /home/bozo/bar\n"
"$ rm bar\n"
"$ lsof |grep bar|grep less\n"
"less 4775 bozo 4r REG 8,3 4 2228329 /home/bozo/bar (deleted)\n"
"$ cat /proc/4775/fd/4 &gt; bar\n"
"$ ls -li bar\n"
"2228302 -rw-r--r-- 1 bozo bozo 4 2008-05-11 11:05 bar\n"
"$ cat bar\n"
"foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Searching all hardlinks"
msgstr "查詢所有硬連結"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Files with hardlinks can be identified by \"<literal>ls -li</literal>\"."
msgstr "有硬連結的檔案，能夠使用 \"<literal>ls -li</literal>\" 確認。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ls -li\n"
"total 0\n"
"2738405 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2008-09-15 20:21 bar\n"
"2738404 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 2008-09-15 20:21 baz\n"
"2738404 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 2008-09-15 20:21 foo"
msgstr ""
"$ ls -li\n"
"total 0\n"
"2738405 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2008-09-15 20:21 bar\n"
"2738404 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 2008-09-15 20:21 baz\n"
"2738404 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 2008-09-15 20:21 foo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Both \"<literal>baz</literal>\" and \"<literal>foo</literal>\" have link "
"counts of \"2\" (&gt;1) showing them to have hardlinks.  Their <ulink url="
"\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> numbers are common \"2738404\".  This means they "
"are the same hardlinked file.  If you do not happen to find all hardlinked "
"files by chance, you can search it by the <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</"
"ulink>, e.g., \"2738404\" as the following."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>baz</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>foo</literal>\" 的連結數為 "
"\"2\" (&gt;1)，表示他們有硬連結。它們的 <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> "
"號都是\"2738404\".這表示它們是同樣的硬連結檔案。如果你不想偶然碰巧發現硬連結"
"檔案，你可以通過  <ulink url=\"&inode;\">inode</ulink> 號來查詢它。比如說, 按"
"下面的方式查詢 \"2738404\" 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# find /path/to/mount/point -xdev -inum 2738404"
msgstr "# find /path/to/mount/point -xdev -inum 2738404"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Invisible disk space consumption"
msgstr "不可見磁碟空間消耗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"All deleted but open files consume disk space although they are not visible "
"from normal <citerefentry><refentrytitle>du</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>.  They can be listed with their size by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"所有開啟的檔案被刪除後，仍然消耗磁碟空間，儘管他們不能夠被普通的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>du</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 所看見。這些被刪除的檔案和他們的大小，可以通過下面的方式列出。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# lsof -s -X / |grep deleted"
msgstr "# lsof -s -X / |grep deleted"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Data encryption tips"
msgstr "資料加密提示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"With physical access to your PC, anyone can easily gain root privilege and "
"access all the files on your PC (see <xref linkend="
"\"_securing_the_root_password\"/>).  This means that login password system "
"can not secure your private and sensitive data against possible theft of "
"your PC.  You must deploy data encryption technology to do it.  Although "
"<ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU privacy guard</ulink> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>) can encrypt files, it takes "
"some user efforts."
msgstr ""
"在可以物理訪問您的 PC的情況下，任何人都可以輕易獲得 root 許可權，訪問您的 PC "
"上的所有檔案  (見 <xref linkend=\"_securing_the_root_password\"/>)。 這意味著"
"登入密碼系統在您的PC被偷盜時並不能保證您私人和敏感資料的安全。您必須部署資料"
"加密技術來實現。儘管 <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\"> GNU 隱私守護</ulink> "
"(見 <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/>) 可以對檔案進行加密，但"
"它需要一些使用者端的工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;"
"\">eCryptfs</ulink> facilitates automatic data encryption natively via Linux "
"kernel modules with minimal user efforts."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;"
"\">eCryptfs</ulink>通過 Linux 核心模組與很少的使用者操作實現本地自動資料加"
"密。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of data encryption utilities"
msgstr "資料加密工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for encrypted block device (<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</"
"ulink> / <ulink url=\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"可用於加密的塊裝置 的實用程式（<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>  / "
"<ulink url=\"&luks;\"> 3LUKS</ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for encrypted block device (<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</"
"ulink> / <ulink url=\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink>) with focus on mount/unmount by "
"normal users"
msgstr ""
"可用於加密的塊裝置著重於正常使用者掛載/解除安裝的實用程式（<ulink url="
"\"&dmcrypt;\"> dm-crypt</ulink> / <ulink url=\"&luks;\"> LUKS</ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for encrypted stacked filesystem (<ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;"
"\">eCryptfs</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"可用於堆疊加密檔案系統的實用程式(<ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\"> eCryptfs</ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">Dm-crypt</ulink> is a cryptographic filesystem "
"using <ulink url=\"&devicemapper;\">device-mapper</ulink>. <ulink url="
"\"&devicemapper;\">Device-mapper</ulink> maps one block device to another."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">Dm-crypt</ulink> 是一個使用 <ulink url="
"\"&devicemapper;\">device-mapper</ulink> 加密的檔案系統. <ulink url="
"\"&devicemapper;\">Device-mapper</ulink> 對映一個塊裝置到另外一個。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">eCryptfs</ulink> is another cryptographic "
"filesystem using stacked filesystem.  Stacked filesystem stacks itself on "
"top of an existing directory of a mounted filesystem."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">eCryptfs</ulink> 是另外一個加密檔案系統，使用了堆疊"
"檔案系統。堆疊檔案系統把它自己堆疊在已掛載檔案系統的一個已有目錄之上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Data encryption costs CPU time etc.  Please weigh its benefits and costs."
msgstr "資料加密會消耗 CPU 時間等資源，請權衡其利弊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Entire Debian system can be installed on a encrypted disk by the <ulink url="
"\"&debianinstaller;\">debian-installer</ulink> (lenny or newer) using <ulink "
"url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink> and "
"initramfs."
msgstr ""
"通過 <ulink url=\"&debianinstaller;\">debian-installer</ulink> (lenny 或更新"
"版)，整個 Debian 系統能夠被安裝到一個加密的磁碟上，使用 <ulink url="
"\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink> 和 "
"initramfs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/> for user space "
"encryption utility: <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU Privacy Guard</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"請參閱 <xref linkend=\"_data_security_infrastructure\"/> 使用者空間加密實用程"
"式： <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU Privacy Guard</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Removable disk encryption with dm-crypt/LUKS"
msgstr "使用 dm-crypt/LUKS 加密移動磁碟"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can encrypt contents of removable mass devices, e.g. USB memory stick on "
"\"<literal>/dev/sdx</literal>\", using <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</"
"ulink>/<ulink url=\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink>.  You simply format it as the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"您可以用<ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&luks;"
"\">LUKS</ulink>加密大容量可移動裝置上資料，例如掛載在“<literal>/dev/sdx</"
"literal>”上的USB 記憶棒。你只需按如下步驟簡單地把它格式化。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# badblocks -c 1024 -s -w -t random -v /dev/sdx\n"
"# fdisk /dev/sdx\n"
"... \"n\" \"p\" \"1\" \"return\" \"return\" \"w\"\n"
"# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdx1\n"
"...\n"
"# cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdx1 sdx1\n"
"...\n"
"# ls -l /dev/mapper/\n"
"total 0\n"
"crw-rw---- 1 root root  10, 60 2008-10-04 18:44 control\n"
"brw-rw---- 1 root disk 254,  0 2008-10-04 23:55 sdx1\n"
"# mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/sdx1\n"
"...\n"
"# cryptsetup luksClose sdx1"
msgstr ""
"# badblocks -c 1024 -s -w -t random -v /dev/sdx\n"
"# fdisk /dev/sdx\n"
"... \"n\" \"p\" \"1\" \"return\" \"return\" \"w\"\n"
"# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdx1\n"
"...\n"
"# cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sdx1 sdx1\n"
"...\n"
"# ls -l /dev/mapper/\n"
"total 0\n"
"crw-rw---- 1 root root  10, 60 2008-10-04 18:44 control\n"
"brw-rw---- 1 root disk 254,  0 2008-10-04 23:55 sdx1\n"
"# mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/sdx1\n"
"...\n"
"# cryptsetup luksClose sdx1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Then, it can be mounted just like normal one on to \"<literal>/media/&lt;"
"disk_label&gt;</literal>\", except for asking password (see <xref linkend="
"\"_removable_storage_device\"/>) under modern desktop environment, such as "
"GNOME using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  The difference is "
"that every data written to it is encrypted.  You may alternatively format "
"media in different filesystem, e.g., ext4 with \"<literal>mkfs.ext4 /dev/"
"mapper/sdx1</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"然後，它就可以正常的在現代桌面環境下，例如 GNOME 桌面可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnome-mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，掛載到 \"<literal>/media/&lt;disk_label</literal>"
"\"。只不過它會要求輸入密碼 (參見<xref linkend=\"_removable_storage_device\"/"
">)。不同的是寫入的資料都是加密的。你可以把它格式化成其他格式的檔案系統，例如"
"用 \"<literal>mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/sdx1</literal>\" 把它格式化為 ext4。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you are really paranoid for the security of data, you may need to "
"overwrite multiple times (the \"<literal>badblocks</literal>\" command in "
"the above example).  This operation is very time consuming though."
msgstr ""
"如果您對資料的安全性要求很高，您可能需要重寫多次（在上述示例中的"
"\"<literal>badblocks</literal>\"命令）。雖然這個操作非常耗費時間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Encrypted swap partition with dm-crypt"
msgstr "用dm-crypt加密的交換分割槽"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's assume that your original \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" contains "
"the following."
msgstr "讓我們假設你原先的\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\"包含以下內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/sda7 swap sw 0 0"
msgstr "/dev/sda7 swap sw 0 0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can enable encrypted swap partition using <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-"
"crypt</ulink> by as the following."
msgstr ""
"您可以使用 <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> 通過如下步驟啟用加密的交"
"換分割槽。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# aptitude install cryptsetup\n"
"# swapoff -a\n"
"# echo \"cswap /dev/sda7 /dev/urandom swap\" &gt;&gt; /etc/crypttab\n"
"# perl -i -p -e \"s/\\/dev\\/sda7/\\/dev\\/mapper\\/cswap/\" /etc/fstab\n"
"# /etc/init.d/cryptdisks restart\n"
" ...\n"
"# swapon -a"
msgstr ""
"# aptitude install cryptsetup\n"
"# swapoff -a\n"
"# echo \"cswap /dev/sda7 /dev/urandom swap\" &gt;&gt; /etc/crypttab\n"
"# perl -i -p -e \"s/\\/dev\\/sda7/\\/dev\\/mapper\\/cswap/\" /etc/fstab\n"
"# /etc/init.d/cryptdisks restart\n"
" ...\n"
"# swapon -a"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Mounting encrypted disk with dm-crypt/LUKS"
msgstr "使用dm-crypt/LUKS掛載加密的磁碟"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An encrypted disk partition created with dm-crypt/LUKS on \"<literal>/dev/"
"sdc5</literal>\" can be mounted onto \"<literal>/mnt</literal>\" as follows:"
msgstr ""
"用dm-crypt/LUKS在\"<literal>/dev/sdc5</literal>\" 上建立的加密磁碟可以用如下"
"步驟掛載到\"<literal>/mnt</literal>\"："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo cryptsetup open /dev/sdc5 ninja --type luks\n"
"Enter passphrase for /dev/sdc5: ****\n"
"$ sudo lvm\n"
"lvm&gt; lvscan\n"
"  inactive          '/dev/ninja-vg/root' [13.52 GiB] inherit\n"
"  inactive          '/dev/ninja-vg/swap_1' [640.00 MiB] inherit\n"
"  ACTIVE            '/dev/goofy/root' [180.00 GiB] inherit\n"
"  ACTIVE            '/dev/goofy/swap' [9.70 GiB] inherit\n"
"lvm&gt; lvchange -a y /dev/ninja-vg/root\n"
"lvm&gt; exit\n"
"  Exiting.\n"
"$ sudo mount /dev/ninja-vg/root /mnt"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo cryptsetup open /dev/sdc5 ninja --type luks\n"
"Enter passphrase for /dev/sdc5: ****\n"
"$ sudo lvm\n"
"lvm&gt; lvscan\n"
"  inactive          '/dev/ninja-vg/root' [13.52 GiB] inherit\n"
"  inactive          '/dev/ninja-vg/swap_1' [640.00 MiB] inherit\n"
"  ACTIVE            '/dev/goofy/root' [180.00 GiB] inherit\n"
"  ACTIVE            '/dev/goofy/swap' [9.70 GiB] inherit\n"
"lvm&gt; lvchange -a y /dev/ninja-vg/root\n"
"lvm&gt; exit\n"
"  Exiting.\n"
"$ sudo mount /dev/ninja-vg/root /mnt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Automatically encrypting files with eCryptfs"
msgstr "用eCryptfs自動加密檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can encrypt files written under \"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" "
"automatically using <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">eCryptfs</ulink> and the "
"<literal>ecryptfs-utils</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"您可以用<ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">eCryptfs</ulink>和<literal>ecryptfs-utils</"
"literal>包對<literal>~/Private/</literal>下的建立的檔案自動加密。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs-setup-private</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and set up "
"\"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" by following prompts."
msgstr ""
"根據下面的提示執行<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs-setup-private</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>並設定<literal>~/"
"Private/</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Activate \"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" by running "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs-mount-private</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"通過執行<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs-mount-private</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>啟用“<literal>~/Private/"
"</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Move sensitive data files to \"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" and make "
"symlinks as needed."
msgstr ""
"將敏感資料檔案移動到\"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\"並根據要求建立符號連結。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Candidates: \"<literal>~/.fetchmailrc</literal>\", \"<literal>~/.ssh/"
"identity</literal>\", \"<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa</literal>\", \"<literal>~/."
"ssh/id_dsa</literal>\" and other files with \"<literal>go-rwx</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"候選：\"<literal>~/.fetchmailrc</literal>\"、\"<literal>~/.ssh/identity</"
"literal>\"，\"<literal>~/.ssh/id_rsa</literal>\"，\"<literal>~/.ssh/id_dsa</"
"literal>\"和\"<literal>go-rwx</literal>\"的其他檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Move sensitive data directories to a subdirectory in \"<literal>~/Private/</"
"literal>\" and make symlinks as needed."
msgstr ""
"將敏感資料目錄移動到\"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\"的子目錄中並按要求建立符"
"號連結。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Candidates: \"<literal>~/.gnupg</literal>\" and other directories with "
"\"<literal>go-rwx</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"候選：\"<literal>~/.gnupg</literal>\"和\"<literal>go-rwx</literal>的其他目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Create symlink from \"<literal>~/Desktop/Private/</literal>\" to "
"\"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" for easier desktop operations."
msgstr ""
"建立從“<literal>~/Desktop/Private/</literal>”到“<literal>~/Private/</literal>"
"的符號連結，實現更方便的桌面操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Deactivate \"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" by running "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs-umount-private</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"通過執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs-umount-private</"
"refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 停用\"<literal>~/"
"Private/</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Activate \"<literal>~/Private/</literal>\" by issuing \"<literal>ecryptfs-"
"mount-private</literal>\" as you need encrypted data."
msgstr ""
"在你需要加密檔案時，使用“<literal>ecryptfs-mount-private</literal>”命令啟"
"用“<literal>~/Private/</literal>”目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Since <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">eCryptfs</ulink> selectively encrypt only "
"the sensitive files, its system cost is much less than using <ulink url="
"\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> on the entire root or \"<literal>/home</"
"literal>\" device.  It does not require any special on-disk storage "
"allocation effort but cannot keep all filesystem metadata confidential."
msgstr ""
"因為 <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">eCryptfs</ulink> 只是選擇性的加密敏感資料，它"
"的花費比使用 <ulink url=\"&dmcrypt;\">dm-crypt</ulink> 在 root 或 "
"\"<literal>/home</literal>\" 裝置加密的花費少的多。它不需要任何特殊的磁碟上的"
"儲存分配，但是其不能保證檔案系統所有元資料的祕密性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Automatically mounting eCryptfs"
msgstr "自動掛載 eCryptfs"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you use your login password for wrapping encryption keys, you can "
"automate mounting eCryptfs via <ulink url="
"\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\">PAM (Pluggable Authentication "
"Modules)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"如果您使用您的登入密碼為環繞加密金鑰，您可以通過 <ulink url="
"\"&pampluggableauthnticationmodules;\"> PAM （可插拔身份驗證模組）</ulink>自"
"動化安裝 eCryptfs。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Insert the following line just before \"<literal>pam_permit.so</literal>\" "
"in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-auth</literal>\"檔案中的 "
"\"<literal>pam_permit.so</literal>\"前插入下面的行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "auth required pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap"
msgstr "auth required pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Insert the following line just at the last line in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/"
"common-session</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-session</literal>\"檔案中插入下面的行作為最後"
"一行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "session optional pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap"
msgstr "session optional pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Insert the following line at first active line in \"<literal>/etc/pam.d/"
"common-password</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"在\"<literal>/etc/pam.d/common-password</literal>\"中的第一個活動行插入下面的"
"行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "password required pam_ecryptfs.so"
msgstr "password required pam_ecryptfs.so"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This is quite convenient."
msgstr "這相當方便。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Configuration errors of <ulink url=\"&pam;\">PAM</ulink> may lock you out of "
"your own system. See <xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&pam;\">PAM</ulink>的配置錯誤可能會把您鎖在自己的系統外。請參閱 "
"<xref linkend=\"_authentication\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"If you use your login password for wrapping encryption keys, your encrypted "
"data are as secure as your user login password (see <xref linkend="
"\"_good_password\"/>).  Unless you are careful to set up a <ulink url="
"\"&strongpassword;\">strong password</ulink>, your data is at risk when "
"someone runs <ulink url=\"&passwordcracking;\">password cracking</ulink> "
"software after stealing your laptop (see <xref linkend="
"\"_securing_the_root_password\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"如果你使用你自己的登入密碼作為環繞加密金鑰，加密的資料和使用者登入密碼的安全"
"性一樣 (參見<xref linkend=\"_good_password\"/>)。除非你已認真設定了一個"
"<ulink url=\"&strongpassword;\">強密碼</ulink>，否則你的資料仍然處在危險中，"
"當別人偷了筆記本以後，然後執行<ulink url=\"&passwordcracking;\">密碼破解</"
"ulink> 軟體 (參見<xref linkend=\"_securing_the_root_password\"/>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The kernel"
msgstr "核心"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian distributes modularized <ulink url=\"&linuxkernel;\">Linux kernel</"
"ulink> as packages for supported architectures."
msgstr ""
"對於支援的架構，Debian 使用軟體包來分發模組化的 <ulink url=\"&linuxkernel;"
"\">Linux核心</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Linux kernel 2.6/3.x"
msgstr "Linux 核心 2.6/3.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are few notable features on Linux kernel 2.6/3.x compared to 2.4."
msgstr "相對於 2.4 版來說，Linux 核心的 2.6/3.x 版有一些值得注意的特徵。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Devices are created by the udev system (see <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system"
"\"/>)."
msgstr "裝置由 udev 系統建立(參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_udev_system\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Read/write accesses to IDE CD/DVD devices do not use the <literal>ide-scsi</"
"literal> module."
msgstr "讀寫訪問 IDE CD/DVD 裝置，不再使用 <literal>ide-scsi</literal> 模組."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Network packet filtering functions use <literal>iptables</literal> kernel "
"modules."
msgstr "網路包過濾功能使用 <literal>iptables</literal> 核心模組."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The version bump from Linux 2.6.39 to Linux 3.0 is not about major "
"technological changes but about the 20th anniversary."
msgstr ""
"Linux 版本從 2.6.39 跳到 3.0，不僅僅是一個主要的技術改變，也是第 20 個週年紀"
"念日。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Kernel parameters"
msgstr "核心引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Many Linux features are configurable via kernel parameters as follows."
msgstr "許多 Linux 特性可以按下面的方式，通過核心引數來配置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Kernel parameters initialized by the bootloader (see <xref linkend="
"\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"核心引數通過 bootloader 初始化(參見 <xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader"
"\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Kernel parameters changed by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> at runtime for ones "
"accessible via sysfs (see <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"對通過 sysfs 訪問的核心引數，在執行時通過 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 修改(參見 <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Module parameters set by arguments of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> when a module is "
"activated (see <xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"當一個模組被啟用時，通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 引數來設定模組引數。(參"
"見 <xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See \"<literal>kernel-parameters.txt(.gz)</literal>\" and other related "
"documents in the Linux kernel documentation (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-"
"doc-3.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\") provided by the "
"<literal>linux-doc-3.*</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"參見 \"<literal>kernel-parameters.txt(.gz)</literal>\" 和 <literal>linux-"
"doc-3.*</literal> 軟體包提供的其它相關文件 (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/linux-"
"doc-3.*/Documentation/filesystems/*</literal>\")。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Kernel headers"
msgstr "核心標頭檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Most <emphasis role=\"strong\">normal programs</emphasis> don't need kernel "
"headers and in fact may break if you use them directly for compiling. They "
"should be compiled against the headers in \"<literal>/usr/include/linux</"
"literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/include/asm</literal>\" provided by the "
"<literal>libc6-dev</literal> package (created from the <literal>glibc</"
"literal> source package) on the Debian system."
msgstr ""
"大部分<emphasis role=\"strong\">普通程式</emphasis>編譯時不需要核心標頭檔案，"
"如果你直接使用它們來編譯，甚至會導致編譯中斷。在 Debian 系統上，普通程式編譯"
"依賴  <literal>libc6-dev</literal> 軟體包 (由 <literal>glibc</literal> 原始碼"
"包建立)提供的，在\"<literal>/usr/include/linux</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/"
"usr/include/asm</literal>\" 裡的標頭檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For compiling some kernel-specific programs such as the kernel modules from "
"the external source and the automounter daemon (<literal>amd</literal>), you "
"must include path to the corresponding kernel headers, e.g. \"<literal>-I/"
"usr/src/linux-particular-version/include/</literal>\", to your command line. "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>module-assistant</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (or its short form <literal>m-a</literal>) helps "
"users to build and install module package(s) easily for one or more custom "
"kernels."
msgstr ""
"對於編譯一些核心相關的程式，比如說從外部原始碼編譯的核心模組和 automounter 後"
"臺守護（daemon）程式(<literal>amd</literal>),你必須包含相應的核心標頭檔案到路"
"徑裡，比如\"<literal>-I/usr/src/linux-particular-version/include/</literal>"
"\", 到你的命令列。 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>module-assistant</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> (它的簡稱 <literal>m-"
"a</literal>)幫助我們更簡單的為一個或者多個個性化核心編譯和安裝模組軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Compiling the kernel and related modules"
msgstr "編譯核心和相關模組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Debian has its own method of compiling the kernel and related modules."
msgstr "Debian 有它自己的方式來編譯核心和相關模組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of key packages to be installed for the kernel recompilation on the "
"Debian system"
msgstr "Debian 系統核心編譯需要安裝的主要軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"essential packages for building Debian packages: <literal>make</literal>, "
"<literal>gcc</literal>, …"
msgstr ""
"建立 Debian 軟體包所必須的軟體包: <literal>make</literal>, <literal>gcc</"
"literal>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compress and decompress utilities for bz2 files"
msgstr "bz2 檔案壓縮和解壓縮工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "developer's libraries and docs for ncurses"
msgstr "ncurses 開發者庫和文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "git: distributed revision control system used by the Linux kernel"
msgstr "git：Linux 核心使用的分散式版本控制系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "provide fakeroot environment for building package as non-root"
msgstr "為非 root 使用者建立軟體包提供一個偽造的 root 環境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tool to build an initramfs (Debian specific)"
msgstr "建立  initramfs 的工具（Debian 規範）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms;\">dynamic kernel module "
"support (DKMS)</ulink> (generic)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms;\">動態核心模組支援 dynamic "
"kernel module support (DKMS)</ulink> (通用)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "helper scripts for a Debian Package maintainer (Debian specific)"
msgstr "Debian Package maintainer Debian 包維護者的幫助指令碼（Debian 規範）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you use <literal>initrd</literal> in <xref linkend="
"\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/>, make sure to read the related information in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>initramfs-tools</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-initramfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkinitramfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>initramfs.conf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"如果你在 <xref linkend=\"_stage_2_the_boot_loader\"/> 使用 <literal>initrd</"
"literal> , 請一定閱讀 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>initramfs-tools</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-initramfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkinitramfs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>initramfs.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 裡的相關資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not put symlinks to the directories in the source tree (e.g. \"<literal>/"
"usr/src/linux*</literal>\") from \"<literal>/usr/include/linux</literal>\" "
"and \"<literal>/usr/include/asm</literal>\" when compiling the Linux kernel "
"source. (Some outdated documents suggest this.)"
msgstr ""
"在編譯 Linux 核心原始碼時，請不要放置從\"<literal>/usr/include/linux</"
"literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/usr/include/asm</literal>\" 到原始碼樹(比如："
"\"<literal>/usr/src/linux*</literal>\") 裡目錄的符號連結。(一些過期的文件建議"
"這樣做.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When compiling the latest Linux kernel on the Debian <literal>stable</"
"literal> system, the use of backported latest tools from the Debian "
"<literal>unstable</literal> may be needed."
msgstr ""
"當在 Debian <literal>stable</literal> 版裡編譯最新的 Linux 核心時, 可能需要使"
"用一些從Debian <literal>unstable</literal> 版裡 backported 向後移植的最新版本"
"的工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms;\">dynamic kernel module "
"support (DKMS)</ulink> is a new distribution independent framework designed "
"to allow individual kernel modules to be upgraded without changing the whole "
"kernel. This is used for the maintenance of out-of-tree modules.  This also "
"makes it very easy to rebuild modules as you upgrade kernels."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dynamickernelmodulesupportdkms;\">dynamic kernel module "
"support (DKMS)動態核心模組支援</ulink> 是一個新的分散式獨立框架，被設計用來允"
"許單個的核心模組在不改變整個核心的情況下升級。這可以用於維護核心程式碼樹外部"
"的模組。這也使你升級核心時，重新編譯模組變得非常簡單。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Compiling the kernel source: Debian Kernel Team recommendation"
msgstr "編譯核心原始碼：Debian 核心團隊推薦"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For building custom kernel binary packages from the upstream kernel source, "
"you should use the \"<literal>deb-pkg</literal>\" target provided by it."
msgstr ""
"從上游核心原始碼編譯個性化的核心二進位制包，你應當使用由它提供的 "
"\"<literal>deb-pkg</literal>\" 物件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo apt-get build-dep linux\n"
"$ cd /usr/src\n"
"$ wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.11/linux-&lt;version&gt;.tar.bz2\n"
"$ tar -xjvf linux-&lt;version&gt;.tar.bz2\n"
"$ cd linux-&lt;version&gt;\n"
"$ cp /boot/config-&lt;version&gt; .config\n"
"$ make menuconfig\n"
" ...\n"
"$ make deb-pkg"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo apt-get build-dep linux\n"
"$ cd /usr/src\n"
"$ wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.11/linux-&lt;version&gt;.tar.bz2\n"
"$ tar -xjvf linux-&lt;version&gt;.tar.bz2\n"
"$ cd linux-&lt;version&gt;\n"
"$ cp /boot/config-&lt;version&gt; .config\n"
"$ make menuconfig\n"
" ...\n"
"$ make deb-pkg"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The linux-source-&lt;version&gt; package provides the Linux kernel source "
"with Debian patches as \"<literal>/usr/src/linux-&lt;version&gt;.tar.bz2</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"linux-source-&lt;version&gt; 軟體包使用 \"<literal>/usr/src/linux-&lt;"
"version&gt;.tar.bz2</literal>\" 提供有 Debian 補丁的 Linux核心原始碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For building specific binary packages from the Debian kernel source package, "
"you should use the \"<literal>binary-arch_&lt;architecture&gt;_&lt;"
"featureset&gt;_&lt;flavour&gt;</literal>\" targets in \"<literal>debian/"
"rules.gen</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"從 Debian 核心原始碼軟體包編譯特定的二進位制包，你應當使用 \"<literal>debian/"
"rules.gen</literal>\" 裡的 \"<literal>binary-arch_&lt;architecture&gt;_&lt;"
"featureset&gt;_&lt;flavour&gt;</literal>\" 物件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo apt-get build-dep linux\n"
"$ apt-get source linux\n"
"$ cd linux-3.*\n"
"$ fakeroot make -f debian/rules.gen binary-arch_i386_none_686"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo apt-get build-dep linux\n"
"$ apt-get source linux\n"
"$ cd linux-3.*\n"
"$ fakeroot make -f debian/rules.gen binary-arch_i386_none_686"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See further information:"
msgstr "進階資訊參見："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Debian Wiki: <ulink url=\"&kernelfaq;\">KernelFAQ</ulink>"
msgstr "Debian Wiki: <ulink url=\"&kernelfaq;\">KernelFAQ</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Debian Wiki: <ulink url=\"&debiankernel;\">DebianKernel</ulink>"
msgstr "Debian Wiki: <ulink url=\"&debiankernel;\">DebianKernel</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Debian Linux Kernel Handbook: <ulink url="
#| "\"&httpkernelhandbokaliothdebianorg;\">http://kernel-handbook.alioth."
#| "debian.org</ulink>"
msgid ""
"Debian Linux Kernel Handbook: <ulink url=\"&httpskernelhandbookdebiannet;"
"\">https://kernel-handbook.debian.net</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux Kernel Handbook: <ulink url=\"&httpkernelhandbokaliothdebianorg;"
"\">http://kernel-handbook.alioth.debian.org</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Hardware drivers and firmware"
msgstr "硬體驅動和韌體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The hardware driver is the code running on the target system. Most hardware "
"drivers are available as free software now and are included in the normal "
"Debian kernel packages in the <literal>main</literal> area."
msgstr ""
"硬體驅動是執行在目標系統上的程式碼。大部分硬體驅動現在是自由軟體，已經包含在"
"普通的 Debian 核心軟體包裡，放在 <literal>main</literal> 區域。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&gpu;\">GPU</ulink> driver"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gpu;\">GPU</ulink> 驅動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Intel GPU driver (<literal>main</literal>)"
msgstr "Intel GPU 驅動 (<literal>main</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "AMD/ATI GPU driver (<literal>main</literal>)"
msgstr "AMD/ATI GPU 驅動 (<literal>main</literal>)和/"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"NVIDIA GPU driver (<literal>main</literal> for <ulink url=\"&nouveau;"
"\">nouveau</ulink> driver, and <literal>non-free</literal> for binary-only "
"drivers supported by the vendor.)"
msgstr ""
"NVIDIA GPU 驅動 (<ulink url=\"&nouveau;\">nouveau</ulink> 驅動放在 "
"<literal>main</literal>  , 由廠家支援的二進位制驅動，放在 <literal>non-free</"
"literal>.)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&softmodem;\">Softmodem</ulink> driver"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&softmodem;\">Softmodem</ulink> 驅動"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "martian-modem and sl-modem-dkms packages (<literal>non-free</literal>)"
msgstr "martian-modem 和 sl-modem-dkms 軟體包 (<literal>non-free</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The firmware is the code or data loaded on the device (e.g., CPU <ulink url="
"\"&microcode;\">microcode</ulink>, rendering code running on GPU, or <ulink "
"url=\"&fpga;\">FPGA</ulink> / <ulink url=\"&cpld;\">CPLD</ulink> data, …).  "
"Some firmware packages are available as free software but many firmware "
"packages are not available as free software since they contain sourceless "
"binary data."
msgstr ""
"韌體是載入在裝置上的程式碼(比如說，CPU <ulink url=\"&microcode;\">microcode</"
"ulink>, GPU 執行的渲染程式碼, 或 <ulink url=\"&fpga;\">FPGA</ulink> / <ulink "
"url=\"&cpld;\">CPLD</ulink> 資料……）部分韌體包是作為自由軟體存在，但是很多韌"
"體包由於包含有沒有原始碼的資料，二進位制不是作為自由軟體存在。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "firmware-linux-free (<literal>main</literal>)"
msgstr "firmware-linux-free (<literal>main</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "firmware-linux-nonfree (<literal>non-free</literal>)"
msgstr "firmware-linux-nonfree (<literal>non-free</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "firmware-linux-* (<literal>non-free</literal>)"
msgstr "firmware-linux-* (<literal>non-free</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "*-firmware (<literal>non-free</literal>)"
msgstr "*-firmware (<literal>non-free</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "intel-microcode (<literal>non-free</literal>)"
msgstr "intel-microcode (<literal>non-free</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "amd64-microcode (<literal>non-free</literal>)"
msgstr "amd64-microcode (<literal>non-free</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that <literal>non-free</literal> and <literal>contrib</literal> "
"packages are not part of the Debian system.  The access configuration to "
"enable and to disable the <literal>non-free</literal> and <literal>contrib</"
"literal> areas is described in <xref linkend=\"_debian_archive_basics\"/>.  "
"You should be aware of negatives associated with the use of the <literal>non-"
"free</literal> and <literal>contrib</literal> packages as described in <xref "
"linkend=\"_debian_is_100_free_software\"/>."
msgstr ""
"請注意 <literal>non-free</literal> 和 <literal>contrib</literal> 的軟體包不"
"是 Debian 系統的一部分。啟用和禁用 <literal>non-free</literal> 和 "
"<literal>contrib</literal> 區域的配置，在 <xref linkend="
"\"_debian_archive_basics\"/> 裡描述。你應當注意到 <xref linkend="
"\"_debian_is_100_free_software\"/> 裡的描述，使用 <literal>non-free</"
"literal> 和 <literal>contrib</literal> 軟體包會有負面影響。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Virtualized system"
msgstr "虛擬化系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use of virtualized system enables us to run multiple instances of system "
"simultaneously on a single hardware."
msgstr "通過使用虛擬系統，我們能在單個機器上同時執行多個系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianoremvirtualization;\">http://wiki.debian.org/"
"SystemVirtualization</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianoremvirtualization;\">http://wiki.debian."
"org/SystemVirtualization</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Virtualization tools"
msgstr "虛擬化工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several system <ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">virtualization</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"&emulation;\">emulation</ulink> related packages in "
"Debian beyond simple <ulink url=\"&chroot;\">chroot</ulink>.  Some packages "
"also help you to setup such system."
msgstr ""
"除了簡單的 <ulink url=\"&chroot;\">chroot</ulink> 工具外，Debian上還有一些有"
"關係統<ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">虛擬化</ulink>及<ulink url="
"\"&emulation;\">模擬</ulink>的軟體包。這些軟體包能夠幫你建立虛擬系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of virtualization tools"
msgstr "虛擬化工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "specialized tool for executing Debian binary packages in chroot"
msgstr "在 chroot 下執行 Debian 二進位制包的特異工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tool for building Debian binary packages from Debian sources"
msgstr "從 Debian 原始碼構建 Debian 二進位制包的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "personal package builder for Debian packages"
msgstr "Debian 軟體包的打包軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "bootstrap a basic Debian system (written in sh)"
msgstr "搭建一個基本的 Debian 系統 (用 sh 寫的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "bootstrap a Debian system (written in C)"
msgstr "搭建一個 Debian 系統 (用 C 寫的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualmachinemanager;\">Virtual Machine Manager</ulink>: "
"desktop application for managing virtual machines"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualmachinemanager;\">虛擬機器管理器</ulink>: 用於管理虛擬機"
"器的桌面應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "programs for the <ulink url=\"&libvirt;\">libvirt</ulink> library"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&libvirt;\">libvirt</ulink> 的庫程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&bochs;\">Bochs</ulink>: IA-32 PC emulator"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&bochs;\">Bochs</ulink>: IA-32 PC 模擬器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: fast generic processor emulator"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: 快速的通用處理器模擬器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: full system emulation binaries"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: 全功能系統的模擬二進位制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: user mode emulation binaries"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: 使用者模式的模擬二進位制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: utilities"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: 工具集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink>: full virtualization on x86 hardware with "
"the <ulink url=\"&hardwareassistedvirtualization;\">hardware-assisted "
"virtualization</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink>: x86 硬體上有 <ulink url="
"\"&hardwareassistedvirtualization;\">硬體輔助虛擬化</ulink>的全虛擬化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink>: x86 virtualization solution "
"on i386 and amd64"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink>:i386 和 amd64 上 x86 的虛擬化"
"解決方案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tools to manage debian <ulink url=\"&xen;\">XEN</ulink> virtual server"
msgstr "用於管理 debian <ulink url=\"&xen;\">XEN</ulink> 虛擬伺服器的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&wine;\">Wine</ulink>: Windows API Implementation (standard "
"suite)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&wine;\">Wine</ulink>: Windows 應用程式程式設計介面實現（標準套"
"件）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dosbox;\">DOSBox</ulink>: x86 emulator with Tandy/Herc/CGA/EGA/"
"VGA/SVGA graphics, sound and DOS"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dosbox;\">DOSBox</ulink>:有 Tandy/Herc/CGA/EGA/VGA/SVGA 顯示卡,"
"聲音和 DOS 的 x86 模擬器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&dosemu;\">DOSEMU</ulink>: The Linux DOS Emulator"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dosemu;\">DOSEMU</ulink>: Linux DOS 模擬器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&openvz;\">OpenVZ</ulink> server virtualization solution - "
"control tools"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&openvz;\">OpenVZ</ulink> 伺服器虛擬化解決方案 - 控制工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&openvz;\">OpenVZ</ulink> server virtualization solution - "
"quota tools"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&openvz;\">OpenVZ</ulink> 伺服器虛擬化解決方案 - 份額工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&linuxcontainers;\">Linux containers</ulink> user space tools"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&linuxcontainers;\">Linux 容器</ulink> 使用者層工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See Wikipedia article <ulink url=\"&comparisonofplatmvirtualmachines;"
"\">Comparison of platform virtual machines</ulink> for detail comparison of "
"different platform virtualization solutions."
msgstr ""
"參見維基百科 <ulink url=\"&comparisonofplatmvirtualmachines;\">Comparison of "
"platform virtual machines</ulink> 來獲得不同平臺的虛擬化解決方案的詳細比較資"
"訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Virtualization work flow"
msgstr "虛擬化工作流"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Some functionalities described here are only available in <literal>squeeze</"
"literal> or later."
msgstr ""
"這裡所描述的功能只在 <literal>squeeze</literal> 或以後的版本中是可用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Default Debian kernels support <ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink> since "
"<literal>lenny</literal>."
msgstr ""
"自從 <literal>lenny</literal> 之後，預設的 Debian 核心就是支援 <ulink url="
"\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink> 的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Typical work flow for <ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">virtualization</ulink> "
"involves several steps."
msgstr ""
"典型的<ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">虛擬化</ulink>工作流涉及以下幾個步驟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Create an empty filesystem (a file tree or a disk image)."
msgstr "建立空檔案系統 (目錄樹或磁碟映像)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The file tree can be created by \"<literal>mkdir -p /path/to/chroot</literal>"
"\"."
msgstr "目錄樹可以通過 \"<literal>mkdir -p /path/to/chroot</literal>\" 建立。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The raw disk image file can be created with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_making_the_disk_image_file\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_making_the_empty_disk_image_file\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"原始的磁碟映像檔案能夠使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 建立 (參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_making_the_disk_image_file\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_making_the_empty_disk_image_file\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-img</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> can be used to create and convert disk image files "
"supported by <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-img</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 能夠建立和轉化 <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> "
"支援的磁碟映像檔案."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The raw and <ulink url=\"&vmdk;\">VMDK</ulink> file format can be used as "
"common format among virtualization tools."
msgstr ""
"原始的格式和  <ulink url=\"&vmdk;\">VMDK</ulink> 檔案格式,能夠作為虛擬化工具"
"的通用格式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Mount the disk image with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to the filesystem "
"(optional)."
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 掛載磁碟映像到檔案系統 (可選)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"For the raw disk image file, mount it as <ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">loop "
"device</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&devicemapper;\">device mapper</ulink> "
"devices (see <xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"對於原始磁碟映像檔案,把它作為<ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">迴環裝置</ulink> 或 "
"<ulink url=\"&devicemapper;\">裝置對映</ulink> 裝置掛載. (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"For disk images supported by <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>, mount them "
"as <ulink url=\"&networkblockdevice;\">network block device</ulink> (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_virtual_disk_image_file\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"對於 <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 支援的磁碟映像,把它們作為 <ulink url="
"\"&networkblockdevice;\">network block device 網路塊裝置</ulink>掛載 (參見 "
"<xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_virtual_disk_image_file\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Populate the target filesystem with required system data."
msgstr "在目標檔案系統上部署需要的系統資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The use of programs such as <literal>debootstrap</literal> and "
"<literal>cdebootstrap</literal> helps with this process (see <xref linkend="
"\"_chroot_system\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"使用 <literal>debootstrap</literal> 和 <literal>cdebootstrap</literal> 之類的"
"程式來協助處理這個過程(參見 <xref linkend=\"_chroot_system\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Use installers of OSs under the full system emulation."
msgstr "在全功能系統模擬器下使用作業系統安裝器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Run a program under a virtualized environment."
msgstr "在虛擬化環境下執行一個程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&chroot;\">chroot</ulink> provides basic virtualized "
"environment enough to compile programs, run console applications, and run "
"daemons in it."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&chroot;\">chroot</ulink> 提供基本的虛擬化環境,足夠能在裡面編譯"
"程式,執行控制檯應用,執行後臺守護程式 daemon."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> provides cross-platform CPU emulation."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 提供跨平臺的 CPU 模擬器."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> with <ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink> "
"provides full system emulation by the <ulink url="
"\"&hardwareassistedvirtualization;\">hardware-assisted virtualization</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink> 通過 "
"<ulink url=\"&hardwareassistedvirtualization;\">hardware-assisted "
"virtualization硬體輔助虛擬化</ulink>來提供全功能系統的模擬."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink> provides full system "
"emulation on i386 and amd64 with or without the <ulink url="
"\"&hardwareassistedvirtualization;\">hardware-assisted virtualization</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink> 可以在 i386 和 amd64 上,使用或"
"者不使用 <ulink url=\"&hardwareassistedvirtualization;\">hardware-assisted "
"virtualization硬體輔助虛擬化</ulink>來提供全功能系統模擬."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Mounting the virtual disk image file"
msgstr "掛載虛擬磁碟映像檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "For the raw disk image file, see <xref linkend=\"_the_disk_image\"/>."
msgstr "對於原始磁碟映像檔案,參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_disk_image\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For other virtual disk image files, you can use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-nbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to export them using <ulink url="
"\"&networkblockdevice;\">network block device</ulink> protocol and mount "
"them using the <literal>nbd</literal> kernel module."
msgstr ""
"對於其它虛擬磁碟映像檔案,你能夠用使用 <ulink url=\"&networkblockdevice;"
"\">network block device網路塊裝置</ulink> 協議的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-nbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來匯出他們,並使用核心模組 <literal>nbd</literal> 來"
"掛載它們."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-nbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> supports disk formats supported by <ulink url="
"\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink>: <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> supports "
"following disk formats: raw, <ulink url=\"&qcowcqcow;\">qcow2, qcow</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&vmdk;\">vmdk</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vdi;\">vdi</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&bochs;\">bochs</ulink>, cow (user-mode Linux copy-on-write), <ulink "
"url=\"&parallels;\">parallels</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&dmg;\">dmg</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&cloop;\">cloop</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vpc;\">vpc</ulink>, "
"vvfat (virtual VFAT), and host_device."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-nbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 支援 <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 所支援的磁"
"碟格式: <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 支援下列磁碟格式: raw, <ulink url="
"\"&qcowcqcow;\">qcow2, qcow</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vmdk;\">vmdk</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&vdi;\">vdi</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&bochs;\">bochs</ulink>, cow "
"(user-mode Linux copy-on-write), <ulink url=\"&parallels;\">parallels</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&dmg;\">dmg</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&cloop;\">cloop</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&vpc;\">vpc</ulink>, vvfat (virtual VFAT)和主機裝置."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&networkblockdevice;\">network block device</ulink> can "
"support partitions in the same way as the <ulink url=\"&loopdevice;\">loop "
"device</ulink> (see <xref linkend=\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>).  You "
"can mount the first partition of \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" as follows."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&networkblockdevice;\">網路塊裝置</ulink> 能夠用和<ulink url="
"\"&loopdevice;\">迴環裝置</ulink>一樣的方式支援分割槽 (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_mounting_the_disk_image_file\"/>).  你能夠按下面的方式掛載 "
"\"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" 的第一個分割槽."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# modprobe nbd max_part=16\n"
"# qemu-nbd -v -c /dev/nbd0 disk.img\n"
"...\n"
"# mkdir /mnt/part1\n"
"# mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/part1"
msgstr ""
"# modprobe nbd max_part=16\n"
"# qemu-nbd -v -c /dev/nbd0 disk.img\n"
"...\n"
"# mkdir /mnt/part1\n"
"# mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/part1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may export only the first partition of \"<literal>disk.img</literal>\" "
"using \"<literal>-P 1</literal>\" option to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-nbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"你可以給 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>qemu-nbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用 \"<literal>-P 1</literal>\" 選項來匯出"
"\"<literal>disk.img</literal>\"的第一個分割槽."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Chroot system"
msgstr "Chroot 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> offers most basic way to run different instances of the GNU/"
"Linux environment on a single system simultaneously without rebooting."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 提供最基本的方式來執行一個不同的 GNU/Linux 系統例項，並且不需要"
"重啟原有的系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Examples below assumes both parent system and chroot system share the same "
"CPU architecture."
msgstr "下面的列子假設根源系統和 chroot 系統都共享相同的 CPU 架構。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can learn how to setup and use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> by running "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pbuilder</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> program under <citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> as follows."
msgstr ""
"你可以按下面的方式學會怎樣建立和使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，通過在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>script</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>  下執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pbuilder</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ sudo mkdir /sid-root\n"
"$ sudo pbuilder --create --no-targz --debug --buildplace /sid-root"
msgstr ""
"$ sudo mkdir /sid-root\n"
"$ sudo pbuilder --create --no-targz --debug --buildplace /sid-root"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You see how <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdebootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> populate system data for <literal>sid</literal> "
"environment under \"<literal>/sid-root</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你能夠看到 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdebootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 是如何在 \"<literal>/sid-root</literal>\" 下部署 "
"<literal>sid</literal> 環境的系統資料."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"These <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdebootstrap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> are used to <ulink url="
"\"&installdebian;\">install Debian</ulink> by the Debian Installer.  These "
"can also be used to install Debian to a system without using a Debian "
"install disk, but instead from another GNU/Linux distribution."
msgstr ""
"這些 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cdebootstrap</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 是 Debian 安裝器用來"
"<ulink url=\"&installdebian;\">安裝 Debian</ulink> 的.這些也可以用來在不使用 "
"Debian 安裝盤的情況下，給一個系統安裝 Debian，也可以替代安裝其它 GNU/Linux 發"
"行版。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ sudo pbuilder --login --no-targz  --debug --buildplace /sid-root"
msgstr "$ sudo pbuilder --login --no-targz  --debug --buildplace /sid-root"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You see how a system shell running under <literal>sid</literal> environment "
"is created as the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以看到一個 <literal>sid</literal> 環境的系統 shell 是如何按下面的方式建立"
"的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Copy local configuration (<literal>\"/etc/hosts</literal>\", <literal>\"/etc/"
"hostname</literal>\", <literal>\"/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"拷貝本地配置 (<literal>\"/etc/hosts</literal>\", <literal>\"/etc/hostname</"
"literal>\", <literal>\"/etc/resolv.conf</literal>\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Mount \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" filesystem"
msgstr "掛載 \"<literal>/proc</literal>\" 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Mount \"<literal>/dev/pts</literal>\" filesystem"
msgstr "掛載 \"<literal>/dev/pts</literal>\" 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Create \"<literal>/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d</literal>\" which always exits with "
"101"
msgstr ""
"建立 \"<literal>/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d</literal>\" 的過程，總是 101 退出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Run \"<literal>chroot /sid-root bin/bash -c 'exec -a -bash bin/bash'</"
"literal>\""
msgstr ""
"執行 \"<literal>chroot /sid-root bin/bash -c 'exec -a -bash bin/bash'</"
"literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Some programs under chroot may require access to more files from the parent "
"system to function than <literal>pbuilder</literal> provides.  For example, "
"\"<literal>/sys</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\", \"<literal>/"
"etc/group</literal>\", \"<literal>/var/run/utmp</literal>\", \"<literal>/var/"
"log/wtmp</literal>\", etc. may need to be bind-mounted or copied."
msgstr ""
"一些在 chroot 下的程式，需要訪問比根源系統上的 <literal>pbuilder</literal> 能"
"夠提供的檔案之外更多的檔案.例如，\"<literal>/sys</literal>\", \"<literal>/"
"etc/passwd</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\", \"<literal>/var/"
"run/utmp</literal>\", \"<literal>/var/log/wtmp</literal>\"等等.也許需要使用 "
"bind-mounted 或拷貝."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d</literal>\" file prevents daemon "
"programs to be started automatically on the Debian system.  See \"<literal>/"
"usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.policy-rc.d.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d</literal>\" 檔案阻止在 Debian 系統上自動啟動"
"後臺守護程式。參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.policy-rc.d.gz</"
"literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The original purpose of the specialized chroot package, <literal>pbuilder</"
"literal> is to construct a chroot system and builds a package inside the "
"chroot.  It is an ideal system to use to check that a package's build-"
"dependencies are correct, and to be sure that unnecessary and wrong build "
"dependencies do not exist in the resulting package."
msgstr ""
"專用的 chroot 軟體包 <literal>pbuilder</literal> 的原始用途,是構建一個 "
"chroot 系統，並在 chroot 裡面打包軟體包。它是一個理想的系統，可以用來檢查軟體"
"包的安裝依賴性是否正確，確保不需要的和錯誤的安裝依賴在最終的軟體包中不存在。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Similar <literal>schroot</literal> package may give you an idea to run "
"<literal>i386</literal> chroot system under <literal>amd64</literal> parent "
"system."
msgstr ""
"類似的 <literal>schroot</literal> 軟體包可以給你一個這樣的主意，在 "
"<literal>amd64</literal> 根源系統上執行 <literal>i386</literal> chroot 系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Multiple desktop systems"
msgstr "多桌面系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I recommend you to use <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> or <ulink url="
"\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink> on a Debian <literal>stable</literal> "
"system to run multiple desktop systems safely using <ulink url="
"\"&virtualization;\">virtualization</ulink>.  These enable you to run "
"desktop applications of Debian <literal>unstable</literal> and "
"<literal>testing</literal> without usual risks associated with them."
msgstr ""
"我建議在 Debian <literal>穩定版</literal>上使用 <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</"
"ulink> 或者 <ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink>，這些軟體應用"
"<ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">虛擬化技術</ulink>安全的執行多桌面系統。這能"
"讓你執行 Debian <literal>不穩定版</literal>和<literal>測試版</literal>上的桌"
"面應用並且沒有與之相關的通常意義上的風險。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since pure <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> is very slow, it is "
"recommended to accelerate it with <ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink> when the "
"host system support it."
msgstr ""
"因為單純的 <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 工具是非常慢的，當主機系統支援 "
"<ulink url=\"&kvm;\">KVM</ulink> 的時候，建議使用它來加速。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The virtual disk image \"<literal>virtdisk.qcow2</literal>\" containing a "
"Debian system for <ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> can be created using "
"<ulink url=\"&debianinstallersmallcds;\">debian-installer: Small CDs</ulink> "
"as follows."
msgstr ""
"按下面的方法，能夠建立一個可以用於<ulink url=\"&qemu;\">QEMU</ulink> 的包含"
"有 Debian 系統的虛擬磁碟映像 \"<literal>virtdisk.qcow2</literal>\"，這個 "
"Debian 系統使用 <ulink url=\"&debianinstallersmallcds;\">debian 安裝器:小 "
"CD</ulink>安裝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ wget http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/5.0.3/amd64/iso-cd/debian-503-amd64-netinst.iso\n"
"$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 virtdisk.qcow2 5G\n"
"$ qemu -hda virtdisk.qcow2 -cdrom debian-503-amd64-netinst.iso -boot d -m 256\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ wget http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/5.0.3/amd64/iso-cd/debian-503-amd64-netinst.iso\n"
"$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 virtdisk.qcow2 5G\n"
"$ qemu -hda virtdisk.qcow2 -cdrom debian-503-amd64-netinst.iso -boot d -m 256\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See more tips at <ulink url=\"&debianwikiqemu;\">Debian wiki: QEMU</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"&debianwikiqemu;\">Debian wiki: QEWU</ulink> 可以檢視更多資"
"訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink> comes with <ulink url=\"&qt;"
"\">Qt</ulink> GUI tools and quite intuitive.  Its GUI and command line tools "
"are explained in <ulink url=\"&virtualboxusermanual;\">VirtualBox User "
"Manual</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&virtualboxusermanualpdf;\">VirtualBox User "
"Manual (PDF)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&virtualbox;\">VirtualBox</ulink> 自帶的 <ulink url=\"&qt;"
"\">Qt</ulink> 圖形介面工具是相當直觀的。關於它的圖形介面和命令列工具的解釋可"
"以在 <ulink url=\"&virtualboxusermanual;\">VisualBox 使用者手冊</ulink> 和 "
"<ulink url=\"&virtualboxusermanualpdf;\">VirtualBox 使用者手冊(PDF)</ulink> "
"中檢視。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Running other GNU/Linux distributions such as <ulink url=\"&ubuntu;"
"\">Ubuntu</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&fedora;\">Fedora</ulink> under <ulink "
"url=\"&virtualization;\">virtualization</ulink> is a great way to learn "
"configuration tips.  Other proprietary OSs may be run nicely under this GNU/"
"Linux <ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">virtualization</ulink>, too."
msgstr ""
"在<ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">虛擬化</ulink>下執行 <ulink url=\"&ubuntu;"
"\">Ubuntu</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&fedora;\">Fedora</ulink> 之類的其它 GNU/"
"Linux 發行版，是一個不錯的學習其配置技巧的方法。其它專有作業系統也可以在這個 "
"GNU/Linux <ulink url=\"&virtualization;\">虛擬化</ulink>下很好的執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Data management"
msgstr "資料管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Tools and tips for managing binary and text data on the Debian system are "
"described."
msgstr "以下是關於在 Debian 系統上管理二進位制和文字資料的工具及其相關提示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Sharing, copying, and archiving"
msgstr "共享，拷貝和存檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"The uncoordinated write access to actively accessed devices and files from "
"multiple processes must not be done to avoid the <ulink url=\"&racecondition;"
"\">race condition</ulink>.  <ulink url=\"&filelocking;\">File locking</"
"ulink> mechanisms using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>flock</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> may be used to avoid "
"it."
msgstr ""
"為避免<ulink url=\"&racecondition;\"> 競爭情況</ulink>，不應當對正在進行寫操"
"作的裝置和檔案，多個程序進行不協調的寫操作。採用"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flock</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的 <ulink url=\"&filelocking;\"> 檔案鎖定</ulink> 機制可用於避"
"免這種情況。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The security of the data and its controlled sharing have several aspects."
msgstr "資料的安全和它的受控共享有如下幾個方面。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The creation of data archive"
msgstr "存檔檔案的建立"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The remote storage access"
msgstr "遠端儲存訪問"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The duplication"
msgstr "複製"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The tracking of the modification history"
msgstr "跟蹤修改歷史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The facilitation of data sharing"
msgstr "促進資料共享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The prevention of unauthorized file access"
msgstr "防止未經授權的檔案訪問"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The detection of unauthorized file modification"
msgstr "檢測未經授權的檔案修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "These can be realized by using some combination of tools."
msgstr "這些可以通過使用工具集來實現。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Archive and compression tools"
msgstr "存檔和壓縮工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Copy and synchronization tools"
msgstr "複製和同步工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Network filesystems"
msgstr "網路檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Removable storage media"
msgstr "移動儲存媒介"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The secure shell"
msgstr "安全 shell"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The authentication system"
msgstr "認證體系"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Version control system tools"
msgstr "版本控制系統工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Hash and cryptographic encryption tools"
msgstr "雜湊演算法和加密工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a summary of archive and compression tools available on the Debian "
"system."
msgstr "以下是 Debian 系統上可用的存檔和壓縮工具的預覽。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of archive and compression tools"
msgstr "存檔和壓縮工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "extension"
msgstr "副檔名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "comment"
msgstr "描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.tar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.tar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the standard archiver (de facto standard)"
msgstr "標準的歸檔工具（預設）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.cpio</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.cpio</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Unix System V style archiver, use with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"Unix System V 風格的歸檔器，與 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 一起使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.ar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.ar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "archiver for the creation of static libraries"
msgstr "建立靜態庫的歸檔工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.jar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.jar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fastjar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fastjar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "archiver for Java (zip like)"
msgstr "Java 歸檔工具（類似 zip）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.pax</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.pax</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pax</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pax</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"new POSIX standard archiver, compromise between <literal>tar</literal> and "
"<literal>cpio</literal>"
msgstr ""
"新的 POSIX 歸檔工具，介於 <literal>tar</literal> 和 <literal>cpio</literal> "
"之間"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.gz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.gz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zcat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>zcat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"GNU <ulink url=\"&lzhh;\">LZ77</ulink> compression utility (de facto "
"standard)"
msgstr "GNU <ulink url=\"&lzhh;\">LZ77</ulink> 壓縮工具（預設）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.bz2</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.bz2</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzcat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzcat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&burrowswheelerblrtingcompression;\">Burrows-Wheeler block-"
"sorting compression</ulink> utility with higher compression ratio than "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (slower than <literal>gzip</literal> with similar syntax)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&burrowswheelerblrtingcompression;\">Burrows-Wheeler block-"
"sorting 壓縮</ulink>工具有著比 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 更高的壓縮率 (跟 "
"<literal>gzip</literal> 有著相似的語法但速度比它慢)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.lzma</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.lzma</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lzma</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lzma</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> compression utility with higher "
"compression ratio than <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (deprecated)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> 壓縮工具有著比 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 更高的壓縮率（不推薦)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.xz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.xz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xz</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xzdec</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xz</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xzdec</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&xz;\">XZ</ulink> compression utility with higher compression "
"ratio than <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (slower than <literal>gzip</literal> but faster "
"than <literal>bzip2</literal>; replacement for <ulink url=\"&lzma;\">LZMA</"
"ulink> compression utility)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&xz;\">XZ</ulink> 壓縮工具有著比 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 更高的壓縮率（壓縮速度慢於 <literal>gzip</literal> 但是比 "
"<literal>bzip2</literal> 快; <ulink url=\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> 壓縮工具的替"
"代品)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.7z</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.7z</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>7zr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>p7zip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>7zr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>p7zip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&hzip;\">7-Zip</ulink> file archiver with high compression "
"ratio (<ulink url=\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> compression)"
msgstr ""
"有著更高壓縮率的 <ulink url=\"&hzip;\">7-zip</ulink> 檔案歸檔器（<ulink url="
"\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> 壓縮）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>7z</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>7za</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>7z</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>7za</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&hzip;\">7-Zip</ulink> file archiver with high compression "
"ratio (<ulink url=\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> compression and others)"
msgstr ""
"有著更高壓縮率的 <ulink url=\"&hzip;\">7-Zip</ulink> 檔案歸檔器（<ulink url="
"\"&lzma;\">LZMA</ulink> 壓縮和其他）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.lzo</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.lzo</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lzop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lzop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&lzo;\">LZO</ulink> compression utility with higher compression "
"and decompression speed than <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (lower compression "
"ratio than <literal>gzip</literal> with similar syntax)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&lzo;\">LZO</ulink> 壓縮工具有著比 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 更高的壓縮和解壓縮速度 (跟 <literal>gzip</literal> 有著相似的語"
"法但壓縮率比它低)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>.zip</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>.zip</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>zip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>zip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&infozip;\">InfoZIP</ulink>: DOS archive and compression tool"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&infozip;\">InfoZip</ulink>：DOS 歸檔器和壓縮工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>unzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>unzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&infozip;\">InfoZIP</ulink>: DOS unarchive and decompression "
"tool"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&infozip;\">InfoZIP</ulink>：DOS 解檔器和解壓縮工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not set the \"<literal>$TAPE</literal>\" variable unless you know what to "
"expect.  It changes <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> behavior."
msgstr ""
"除非你知道將會發生什麼，否則不要設定 \"<literal>$TAPE</literal>\" 變數。它會"
"改變 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的行為。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The gzipped <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> archive uses the file extension \"<literal>.tgz</"
"literal>\" or \"<literal>.tar.gz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"gzipped <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 歸檔器用於副檔名是 \"<literal>.tgz</literal>\" 或"
"者 \"<literal>.tar.gz</literal>\" 的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The xz-compressed <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> archive uses the file "
"extension \"<literal>.txz</literal>\" or \"<literal>.tar.xz</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"xz-compressed <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 歸檔器用於副檔名是 \"<literal>.txz</literal>\" 或"
"者 \"<literal>.tar.xz</literal>\" 的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Popular compression method in <ulink url=\"&foss;\">FOSS</ulink> tools such "
"as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> has been moving as follows: <literal>gzip</literal> → "
"<literal>bzip2</literal> → <literal>xz</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&foss;\">FOSS</ulink> 工具，例如 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，中的主流壓縮方法已經按如下所示的遷移: <literal>gzip</literal> "
"→ <literal>bzip2</literal> → <literal>xz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> may have some "
"limitation for special files.  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is most versatile."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>,<citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具可能並不適用於一些"
"特殊的檔案。<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 工具的適用範圍是最廣的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is designed to be used with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and other commands and "
"suitable for creating backup scripts since the file selection part of the "
"script can be tested independently."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是被設計為與 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和其它命令一起使用，適"
"合於建立備份指令碼的場景，因此，指令碼的檔案選擇部分能夠被獨立測試。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Internal structure of Libreoffice data files are \"<literal>.jar</literal>\" "
"file which can be opened also by <literal>unzip</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Libreoffice 資料檔案的內部結構是 \"<literal>.jar</literal>\" 檔案，它也可以使"
"用 <literal>unzip</literal> 工具來開啟。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The de-facto cross platform archive tool is <literal>zip</literal>.  Use it "
"as \"<literal>zip -rX</literal>\" to attain the maximum compatibility.  Use "
"also the \"<literal>-s</literal>\" option, if the maximum file size matters."
msgstr ""
"事實上跨平臺支援最好的存檔工具是 <literal>zip</literal>。按照“<literal>zip -"
"rX</literal>”的方式呼叫可以獲得最大的相容性。如果最大檔案大小需要納入考慮範"
"圍，請同時配合“<literal>-s</literal>”選項使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a summary of simple copy and backup tools available on the Debian "
"system."
msgstr "以下是 Debian 系統上的可用的簡單複製和備份工具的預覽。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of copy and synchronization tools"
msgstr "複製和同步工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU cp"
msgstr "GNU cp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "locally copy files and directories (\"-a\" for recursive)"
msgstr "複製本地檔案和目錄(\"-a\" 引數實現遞迴）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "scp"
msgstr "scp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"remotely copy files and directories (client, \"<literal>-r</literal>\" for "
"recursive)"
msgstr "複製遠端檔案和目錄（客戶端，\"<literal>-r</literal>\" 引數實現遞迴)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sshd"
msgstr "sshd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remotely copy files and directories (remote server)"
msgstr "複製遠端檔案和目錄（遠端伺服器）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "-"
msgstr "-"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "1-way remote synchronization and backup"
msgstr "單向遠端同步和備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "2-way remote synchronization and backup"
msgstr "雙向遠端同步和備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Copying files with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> offers richer features "
"than others."
msgstr ""
"在複製檔案的時候， <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 比其他工具提供了更多的"
"特性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"delta-transfer algorithm that sends only the differences between the source "
"files and the existing files in the destination"
msgstr "差分傳輸演算法只會傳送原始檔與已存在的目標檔案之間的差異部分"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"quick check algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in "
"size or in last-modified time"
msgstr "快速檢查演算法 (預設) 會查詢大小或者最後的修改時間有變化的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>--exclude</literal>\" and \"<literal>--exclude-from</literal>\" "
"options similar to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>--exclude</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>--exclude-from</literal>\" 選"
"項類似於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"a trailing slash on the source directory\" syntax that avoids creating an "
"additional directory level at the destination."
msgstr "在源目錄中新增反斜槓的語法能夠避免在目標檔案中建立額外的目錄級別。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Execution of the <literal>bkup</literal> script mentioned in <xref linkend="
"\"_a_copy_script_for_the_data_backup\"/> with the \"<literal>-gl</literal>\" "
"option under <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> should provide very similar functionality as "
"Plan9's <literal>dumpfs</literal> for the static data archive."
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 下使用\"<literal>-gl</literal>\"選項執行在<xref "
"linkend=\"_a_copy_script_for_the_data_backup\"/>裡提到的  <literal>bkup</"
"literal> 指令碼，將提供一個和 Plan9（譯註：Plan9 也是一種檔案系統，又稱 "
"v9fs, 可以用 apt-cache show 9mount 命令獲取相關資訊）的 <literal>dumpfs</"
"literal> 靜態資料歸檔非常相似的功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Version control system (VCS) tools in <xref linkend=\"list-of-vcs\"/> can "
"function as the multi-way copy and synchronization tools."
msgstr ""
"在 <xref linkend=\"list-of-vcs\"/> 中的版本控制系統 (VCS) 可以被認為是多路拷"
"貝和同步工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Idioms for the archive"
msgstr "歸檔語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are several ways to archive and unarchive the entire content of the "
"directory \"<literal>./source</literal>\" using different tools."
msgstr ""
"以下是用不同的工具壓縮和解壓縮整個 \"<literal>./source</literal>\" 目錄中的內"
"容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ tar -cvJf archive.tar.xz ./source\n"
"$ tar -xvJf archive.tar.xz"
msgstr ""
"$ tar -cvJf archive.tar.xz ./source\n"
"$ tar -xvJf archive.tar.xz"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Alternatively, by the following."
msgstr "或者，如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ find ./source -xdev -print0 | tar -cvJf archive.tar.xz --null -F -"
msgstr "$ find ./source -xdev -print0 | tar -cvJf archive.tar.xz --null -F -"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ find ./source -xdev -print0 | cpio -ov --null &gt; archive.cpio; xz archive.cpio\n"
"$ zcat archive.cpio.xz | cpio -i"
msgstr ""
"$ find ./source -xdev -print0 | cpio -ov --null &gt; archive.cpio; xz archive.cpio\n"
"$ zcat archive.cpio.xz | cpio -i"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Idioms for the copy"
msgstr "複製語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are several ways to copy the entire content of the directory "
"\"<literal>./source</literal>\" using different tools."
msgstr ""
"如下是用不同的工具複製整個 \"<literal>./source</literal>\" 目錄中的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Local copy: \"<literal>./source</literal>\" directory → \"<literal>/dest</"
"literal>\" directory"
msgstr ""
"本地複製: \"<literal>./source</literal>\" 目錄 → \"<literal>/dest</literal>"
"\" 目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remote copy: \"<literal>./source</literal>\" directory at local host → "
"\"<literal>/dest</literal>\" directory at \"<literal>user@host.dom</literal>"
"\" host"
msgstr ""
"遠端複製：本地主機上的 \"<literal>./source\" 目錄</literal> → "
"\"<literal>user@host.dom</literal>\" 主機上的 \"<literal>/dest</literal>\" 目"
"錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd ./source; rsync -aHAXSv . /dest\n"
"# cd ./source; rsync -aHAXSv . user@host.dom:/dest"
msgstr ""
"# cd ./source; rsync -aHAXSv . /dest\n"
"# cd ./source; rsync -aHAXSv . user@host.dom:/dest"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can alternatively use \"a trailing slash on the source directory\" "
"syntax."
msgstr "你能夠選擇使用“源目錄上的反斜槓”語法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# rsync -aHAXSv ./source/ /dest\n"
"# rsync -aHAXSv ./source/ user@host.dom:/dest"
msgstr ""
"# rsync -aHAXSv ./source/ /dest\n"
"# rsync -aHAXSv ./source/ user@host.dom:/dest"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd ./source; find . -print0 | rsync -aHAXSv0 --files-from=- . /dest\n"
"# cd ./source; find . -print0 | rsync -aHAXSv0 --files-from=- . user@host.dom:/dest"
msgstr ""
"# cd ./source; find . -print0 | rsync -aHAXSv0 --files-from=- . /dest\n"
"# cd ./source; find . -print0 | rsync -aHAXSv0 --files-from=- . user@host.dom:/dest"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and openSSH <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:"
msgstr ""
"GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 openSSH <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd ./source; cp -a . /dest\n"
"# cd ./source; scp -pr . user@host.dom:/dest"
msgstr ""
"# cd ./source; cp -a . /dest\n"
"# cd ./source; scp -pr . user@host.dom:/dest"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# (cd ./source &amp;&amp; tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest &amp;&amp; tar xvfp - )\n"
"# (cd ./source &amp;&amp; tar cf - . ) | ssh user@host.dom '(cd /dest &amp;&amp; tar xvfp - )'"
msgstr ""
"# (cd ./source &amp;&amp; tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest &amp;&amp; tar xvfp - )\n"
"# (cd ./source &amp;&amp; tar cf - . ) | ssh user@host.dom '(cd /dest &amp;&amp; tar xvfp - )'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# cd ./source; find . -print0 | cpio -pvdm --null --sparse /dest"
msgstr "# cd ./source; find . -print0 | cpio -pvdm --null --sparse /dest"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can substitute \"<literal>.</literal>\" with \"<literal>foo</literal>\" "
"for all examples containing \"<literal>.</literal>\" to copy files from "
"\"<literal>./source/foo</literal>\" directory to \"<literal>/dest/foo</"
"literal>\" directory."
msgstr ""
"你能夠在所有包含 \"<literal>.</literal>\" 的例子裡用 \"<literal>foo</literal>"
"\" 替代 \"<literal>.</literal>\"，這樣就可以從 \"<literal>./source/foo</"
"literal>\" 目錄複製檔案到 \"<literal>/dest/foo</literal>\" 目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can substitute \"<literal>.</literal>\" with the absolute path "
"\"<literal>/path/to/source/foo</literal>\" for all examples containing "
"\"<literal>.</literal>\" to drop \"<literal>cd ./source;</literal>\".  These "
"copy files to different locations depending on tools used as follows."
msgstr ""
"在所有包含 \"<literal>.</literal>\" 的列子裡，你能夠使用絕對路徑 \"<literal>/"
"path/to/source/foo</literal>\" 來代替 \"<literal>.</literal>\"，這樣可以去掉 "
"\"<literal>cd ./source;</literal>\". 如下所示，這些檔案會根據工具的不同，拷貝"
"到不同的位置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dest/foo</literal>\": <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, GNU "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dest/foo</literal>\": <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, GNU "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>/dest/path/to/source/foo</literal>\": GNU "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>/dest/path/to/source/foo</literal>\": GNU "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> have option "
"\"<literal>-u</literal>\" to skip files that are newer on the receiver."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 GNU <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 可以用 \"<literal>-u</"
"literal>\" 選項來忽略接受端上更新的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Idioms for the selection of files"
msgstr "查詢檔案的語法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is used to select files for archive and copy commands (see "
"<xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_archive\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_copy\"/>) or for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xargs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>).  This can be enhanced by "
"using its command arguments."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 被用作從歸檔中篩選檔案也被用作拷貝命令 (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_archive\"/>和<xref linkend=\"_idioms_for_the_copy\"/>) 或者"
"用於 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xargs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>)。通過 find 的命令列引數能夠使"
"其功能得到加強。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Basic syntax of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be summarized as "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"以下是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>基本語法的總結。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Its conditional arguments are evaluated from left to right."
msgstr "find 條件引數的運算規則是從左到右。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "This evaluation stops once its outcome is determined."
msgstr "一旦輸出是確定的，那麼運算就會停止。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"Logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">OR</emphasis>\" (specified by "
"\"<literal>-o</literal>\" between conditionals) has lower precedence than "
"\"logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">AND</emphasis>\" (specified by "
"\"<literal>-a</literal>\" or nothing between conditionals)."
msgstr ""
"“邏輯 <emphasis role=\"strong\">OR</emphasis>\" （由條件之間的 \"<literal>-"
"o</literal>\" 引數指定的）優先順序低於 \"邏輯 <emphasis role=\"strong\">AND</"
"emphasis>\" （由 \"<literal>-a</literal>\" 引數指定或者條件之間沒有任何引"
"數）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"Logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">NOT</emphasis>\" (specified by "
"\"<literal>!</literal>\" before a conditional) has higher precedence than "
"\"logical <emphasis role=\"strong\">AND</emphasis>\"."
msgstr ""
"”邏輯 <emphasis role=\"strong\">NOT</emphasis>\" (由條件前面的 \"<literal>!</"
"literal>\" 指定) 優先順序高於 “邏輯 <emphasis role=\"strong\">AND</"
"emphasis>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>-prune</literal>\" always returns logical <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">TRUE</emphasis> and, if it is a directory, searching of file is stopped "
"beyond this point."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>-prune</literal>\" 總是返回邏輯 <emphasis role=\"strong\">TRUE</"
"emphasis> 並且如果這個目錄是存在的，將會搜尋除這個目錄以外的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>-name</literal>\" matches the base of the filename with shell "
"glob (see <xref linkend=\"_shell_glob\"/>) but it also matches its initial "
"\"<literal>.</literal>\" with metacharacters such as \"<literal>*</literal>"
"\" and \"<literal>?</literal>\". (New <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> "
"feature)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>-name</literal>\" 選項匹配帶有 shell 萬用字元 (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_shell_glob\"/>) 的檔名但也匹配帶有類似 \"<literal>*</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>?</literal>\" 元字元的 <literal>.</literal>\"。(新的 <ulink url="
"\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> 特性)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>-regex</literal>\" matches the full path with emacs style "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_regular_expressions\"/>) as default."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>-regex</literal>\" 匹配整個檔案路徑，預設採用 emacs 風格的 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">BRE</emphasis> (參見<xref linkend="
"\"_regular_expressions\"/>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>-size</literal>\" matches the file based on the file size (value "
"precedented with \"<literal>+</literal>\" for larger, precedented with "
"\"<literal>-</literal>\" for smaller)"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>-size</literal>\" 根據檔案大小來匹配 (值前面帶有 \"<literal>+</"
"literal>\" 號匹配更大的檔案，值前面帶有 \"<literal>-</literal>\" 號匹配更小的"
"檔案)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>-newer</literal>\" matches the file newer than the one specified "
"in its argument."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>-newer</literal>\" 引數匹配比引數名中指定的檔案還要新的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>-print0</literal>\" always returns logical <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">TRUE</emphasis> and print the full filename (<ulink url=\"&nullterminated;"
"\">null terminated</ulink>) on the standard output."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>-print0</literal>\" 引數總是返回邏輯 <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">TRUE</emphasis> 並將完整檔名 (<ulink url=\"&nullterminated;\">null "
"terminated</ulink>) 列印到標準輸出裝置上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is often used with an idiomatic style as the following."
msgstr ""
"如下是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 語法格式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# find /path/to \\\n"
"    -xdev -regextype posix-extended \\\n"
"    -type f -regex \".*\\.cpio|.*~\" -prune -o \\\n"
"    -type d -regex \".*/\\.git\" -prune -o \\\n"
"    -type f -size +99M -prune -o \\\n"
"    -type f -newer /path/to/timestamp -print0"
msgstr ""
"# find /path/to \\\n"
"    -xdev -regextype posix-extended \\\n"
"    -type f -regex \".*\\.cpio|.*~\" -prune -o \\\n"
"    -type d -regex \".*/\\.git\" -prune -o \\\n"
"    -type f -size +99M -prune -o \\\n"
"    -type f -newer /path/to/timestamp -print0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This means to do following actions."
msgstr "這些命令會執行如下動作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Search all files starting from \"<literal>/path/to</literal>\""
msgstr "查詢 \"<literal>/path/to</literal>\" 下的所有檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Globally limit its search within its starting filesystem and uses <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">ERE</emphasis> (see <xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/"
">) instead"
msgstr ""
"限定全域性查詢的檔案系統並且使用的是 <emphasis role=\"strong\">ERE</"
"emphasis> (參見<xref linkend=\"_regular_expressions\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Exclude files matching regex of \"<literal>.*\\.cpio</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>.*~</literal>\" from search by stop processing"
msgstr ""
"通過停止處理的方式來排除匹配 \"<literal>.*\\.cpio</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>."
"*~</literal>\" 正則表示式的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Exclude directories matching regex of \"<literal>.*/\\.git</literal>\" from "
"search by stop processing"
msgstr ""
"通過停止處理的方式來排除匹配 \"<literal>.*/\\.git</literal>\" 正則表示式的目"
"錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Exclude files larger than 99 Megabytes (units of 1048576 bytes) from search "
"by stop processing"
msgstr "通過停止處理的方式來排除比 99MB (1048576位元組單元) 更大的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Print filenames which satisfy above search conditions and are newer than "
"\"<literal>/path/to/timestamp</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"顯示檔名，滿足以上搜索條件並且比 \"<literal>/path/to/timestamp</literal>\" 新"
"的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please note the idiomatic use of \"<literal>-prune -o</literal>\" to exclude "
"files in the above example."
msgstr ""
"請留心以上例子中的 \"<literal>-prune -o</literal>\" 排除檔案的習慣用法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For non-Debian <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> system, some "
"options may not be supported by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. In such a case, "
"please consider to adjust matching methods and replace \"<literal>-print0</"
"literal>\" with \"<literal>-print</literal>\".  You may need to adjust "
"related commands too."
msgstr ""
"對於非 Debian 系的 <ulink url=\"&unixlike;\">Unix-like</ulink> 系統，有些引數"
"可能不被 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>find</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令所支援。在這種情況下，應該考慮調整匹配方法並用 "
"\"<literal>-print</literal>\" 替代 \"<literal>-print0</literal>\"。你可能同樣"
"需要更改其他相關的命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Archive media"
msgstr "歸檔媒體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When choosing <ulink url=\"&computerdatastoragemedia;\">computer data "
"storage media</ulink> for important data archive, you should be careful "
"about their limitations.  For small personal data backup, I use CD-R and DVD-"
"R by the brand name company and store in a cool, shaded, dry, clean "
"environment.  (Tape archive media seem to be popular for professional use.)"
msgstr ""
"為重要的資料存檔尋找 <ulink url=\"&computerdatastoragemedia;\">儲存裝置</"
"ulink> 時，你應該注意它們的侷限性。對於小型的個人資料備份，我使用品牌公司的 "
"CD-R 和 DVD-R 然後把它放在陰涼、乾燥、清潔的地方。(專業的一般使用磁帶存檔介"
"質)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&afireresistantsafe;\">A fire-resistant safe</ulink> are meant "
"for paper documents.  Most of the computer data storage media have less "
"temperature tolerance than paper. I usually rely on multiple secure "
"encrypted copies stored in multiple secure locations."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&afireresistantsafe;\">防火安全</ulink>是對於紙質文件來說的，大"
"多數的計算機資料儲存媒介耐熱性比紙差。我經常依賴儲存在多個安全地點的加密拷"
"貝。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Optimistic storage life of archive media seen on the net (mostly from vendor "
"info)."
msgstr "網上（主要是來源於供應商資訊）可以檢視儲存介質的最大使用壽命。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "100+ years : Acid free paper with ink"
msgstr "大於100年：用墨水的無酸紙"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "100 years : Optical storage (CD/DVD, CD/DVD-R)"
msgstr "100年：光碟儲存（CD/DVD，CD/DVD-R）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "30 years : Magnetic storage (tape, floppy)"
msgstr "30年：磁帶儲存（磁帶，軟盤)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "20 years : Phase change optical storage (CD-RW)"
msgstr "20年：相變光碟儲存（CD-RW）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "These do not count on the mechanical failures due to handling etc."
msgstr "這不包括由於人為導致的機械故障等等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Optimistic write cycle of archive media seen on the net (mostly from vendor "
"info)."
msgstr "網上（主要來源於供應商資訊）可以檢視儲存介質的最大的寫次數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "250,000+ cycles : Harddisk drive"
msgstr "大於250,000次：硬碟驅動器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "10,000+ cycles : Flash memory"
msgstr "大於10,000次：快閃記憶體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "1,000 cycles : CD/DVD-RW"
msgstr "1,000次：CD/DVD-RW"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "1 cycles : CD/DVD-R, paper"
msgstr "1次：CD/DVD-R，紙"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Figures of storage life and write cycle here should not be used for "
"decisions on any critical data storage.  Please consult the specific product "
"information provided by the manufacture."
msgstr ""
"這裡的儲存壽命和寫次數的資料不應該被用來決定任何用於關鍵資料的儲存媒介，請翻"
"閱製造商提供的特定產品的說明。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Since CD/DVD-R and paper have only 1 write cycle, they inherently prevent "
"accidental data loss by overwriting.  This is advantage!"
msgstr ""
"因為 CD/DVD-R 和 紙只能寫一次，它們從根本上阻止了因為重寫導致的資料意外丟失。"
"這是優點！"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If you need fast and frequent backup of large amount of data, a hard disk on "
"a remote host linked by a fast network connection, may be the only realistic "
"option."
msgstr ""
"如果你需要更快更頻繁的進行大資料備份，那麼通過高速網路連線的遠端主機上的硬碟"
"來實現備份，可能是唯一可行的方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Removable storage device"
msgstr "可移動儲存裝置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Removable storage devices may be any one of the following."
msgstr "可移動儲存裝置可能是以下的任何一種。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&usbflashdrive;\">USB flash drive</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&usbflashdrive;\">USB 快閃記憶體盤</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&harddiskdrive;\">Hard disk drive</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&harddiskdrive;\">硬碟驅動器</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&opticaldiscdrive;\">Optical disc drive</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&opticaldiscdrive;\">光碟驅動器</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Digital camera"
msgstr "數碼相機"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Digital music player"
msgstr "數字音樂播放器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "They may be connected via any one of the following."
msgstr "它們可以通過以下的方式來進行連線。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&usb;\">USB</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&usb;\">USB</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ieeebdjefirewire;\">IEEE 1394 / FireWire</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ieeebdjefirewire;\">IEEE 1394 / FireWire</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&pccard;\">PC Card</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&pccard;\">PC 卡</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Modern desktop environments such as GNOME and KDE can mount these removable "
"devices automatically without a matching \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" "
"entry."
msgstr ""
"像 GNOME 和 KDE 這樣的現代桌面環境能夠在 \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" 檔"
"案中沒有匹配條目的時候，自動掛載這些可移動裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>udisks</literal> package provides a daemon and associated utilities "
"to mount and unmount these devices."
msgstr ""
"<literal>udisks</literal> 包提供了守護程序和相關的實用程式來掛載和解除安裝這"
"些裝置。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&dbus;\">D-bus</ulink> creates events to initiate automatic "
"processes."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&dbus;\">D-bus</ulink> 建立事件來觸發自動處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&policykit;\">PolicyKit</ulink> provides required privileges."
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&policykit;\">PolicyKit</ulink> 提供了所需的特權。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Automounted devices may have the \"<literal>uhelper=</literal>\" mount "
"option which is used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 在自動掛載裝置的時候可能會帶有 \"<literal>uhelper=</literal>\" "
"引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Automounting under modern desktop environment happens only when those "
"removable media devices are not listed in \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"只有當這些可移動裝置沒有在 \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" 檔案中列出時，桌"
"面環境下才會自動掛載。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Mount point under modern desktop environment is chosen as \"<literal>/media/"
"&lt;disk_label&gt;</literal>\" which can be customized by the following."
msgstr ""
"現代桌面環境下的掛載點被選為 \"<literal>/media/&lt;disk_label&gt;</literal>"
"\"，它可以被如下所示的來定製。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mlabel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for FAT filesystem"
msgstr ""
"FAT 格式的檔案系統使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mlabel</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>genisoimage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> with \"<literal>-V</literal>\" option for ISO9660 "
"filesystem"
msgstr ""
"ISO9660 檔案系統使用帶有 \"<literal>-V</literal>\" 選項的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>genisoimage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> with \"<literal>-L</literal>\" option for ext2/"
"ext3/ext4 filesystem"
msgstr ""
"ext2/ext3/ext4 檔案系統使用帶有 \"<literal>-L</literal>\" 選項的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tune2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The choice of encoding may need to be provided as mount option (see <xref "
"linkend=\"_filename_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"掛載時可能需要提供編碼選項（參見 <xref linkend=\"_filename_encoding\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The use of the GUI menu to unmount a filesystem may remove its dynamically "
"generated device node such as \"<literal>/dev/sdc</literal>\".  If you wish "
"to keep its device node, unmount it with the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command from the shell prompt."
msgstr ""
"在圖形介面選單上移除檔案系統，可能會移除它的動態裝置節點例如 \"<literal>/dev/"
"sdc</literal>\"。如果你想要保留它的裝置節點，你應該在命令列提示符上輸入 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令來解除安裝它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Filesystem choice for sharing data"
msgstr "選擇用於分享資料的檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When sharing data with other system via removable storage device, you should "
"format it with common <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">filesystem</ulink> "
"supported by both systems. Here is a list of filesystem choices."
msgstr ""
"當你通過可移動儲存裝置與其他系統分享資料的時候，你應該先把它格式化為被兩種作"
"業系統都支援的通用的 <ulink url=\"&filesystem;\">檔案系統</ulink>。下面是檔案"
"系統的列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of filesystem choices for removable storage devices with typical usage "
"scenarios"
msgstr "典型使用場景下可移動儲存裝置可選擇的檔案系統列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "filesystem"
msgstr "檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of typical usage scenario"
msgstr "典型使用場景描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&fatbc;\">FAT12</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&fatbc;\">FAT12</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "cross platform sharing of data on the floppy disk (&lt;32MiB)"
msgstr "軟盤（&lt;32MiB）上跨平臺的資料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&fatbg;\">FAT16</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&fatbg;\">FAT16</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"cross platform sharing of data on the small hard disk like device (&lt;2GiB)"
msgstr "在小硬碟(&lt;2GiB)上的跨平臺的資料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&fatdc;\">FAT32</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&fatdc;\">FAT32</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"cross platform sharing of data on the large hard disk like device (&lt;8TiB, "
"supported by newer than MS Windows95 OSR2)"
msgstr ""
"在大硬碟（&lt;8TiB，被 MS Windows95 OSR2 以上的作業系統所支援) 上的跨平臺的資"
"料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ntfs;\">NTFS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ntfs;\">NTFS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"cross platform sharing of data on the large hard disk like device (supported "
"natively on <ulink url=\"&mswindowsnt;\">MS Windows NT</ulink> and later "
"version, and supported by <ulink url=\"&ntfsdg;\">NTFS-3G</ulink> via <ulink "
"url=\"&fuse;\">FUSE</ulink> on Linux)"
msgstr ""
"在大硬碟類裝置上的跨平臺共享資料 (在 <ulink url=\"&mswindowsnt;\">MS Windows "
"NT</ulink> 和後續版本原生支援；在 Linux 上，通過使用 <ulink url=\"&fuse;"
"\">FUSE</ulink> 的 <ulink url=\"&ntfsdg;\">NTFS-3G</ulink> 支援。)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isojgga;\">ISO9660</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isojgga;\">ISO9660</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "cross platform sharing of static data on CD-R and DVD+/-R"
msgstr "在 CD-R 和 DVD+/-R 上的跨平臺的靜態資料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&udf;\">UDF</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&udf;\">UDF</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "incremental data writing on CD-R and DVD+/-R (new)"
msgstr "CD-R 和 DVD+/-R (新)上的增量資料寫入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&minixfilesystem;\">MINIX filesystem</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&minixfilesystem;\">MINIX 檔案系統</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "space efficient unix file data storage on the floppy disk"
msgstr "軟盤上磁碟空間高利用率的 unix 檔案資料儲存"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&extcfilesystem;\">ext2 filesystem</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&extcfilesystem;\">ext2 檔案系統</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sharing of data on the hard disk like device with older Linux systems"
msgstr "在裝有老舊 linux 系統的硬碟上的資料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&extdfilesystem;\">ext3 filesystem</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&extdfilesystem;\">ext3 檔案系統</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&extefilesystem;\">ext4 filesystem</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&extefilesystem;\">ext4 檔案系統</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sharing of data on the hard disk like device with current Linux systems"
msgstr "在裝有較新的 linux 系統的硬碟上的資料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_removable_disk_encryption_with_dm_crypt_luks\"/> for "
"cross platform sharing of data using device level encryption."
msgstr ""
"檢視<xref linkend=\"_removable_disk_encryption_with_dm_crypt_luks\"/>來獲得關"
"於使用裝置級加密的跨平臺的資料共享的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The FAT filesystem is supported by almost all modern operating systems and "
"is quite useful for the data exchange purpose via removable hard disk like "
"media."
msgstr ""
"FAT 檔案系統被絕大多數的現代作業系統支援，它對於通過可行動硬碟進行的資料交換"
"是非常有用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When formatting removable hard disk like devices for cross platform sharing "
"of data with the FAT filesystem, the following should be safe choices."
msgstr ""
"當格式化像裝有 FAT 檔案系統的跨平臺資料共享的可移動裝置時，以下應該是保險的選"
"擇。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Partitioning them with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cfdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/>) into a single primary partition and to "
"mark it as the following."
msgstr ""
"用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cfdisk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或者 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>parted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 命令（參見<xref linkend=\"_disk_partition_configuration\"/>）把"
"它們格式化為單個的主分割槽並對把它做如下標記。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Type \"6\" for FAT16 for media smaller than 2GB."
msgstr "標記小於 2GB 的 FAT 裝置為 字元\"6\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Type \"c\" for FAT32 (LBA) for larger media."
msgstr "標記更大的 FAT32 裝置為字元 \"c\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Formatting the primary partition with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs."
"vfat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> with the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"如下所示是用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfs.vfat</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令格式化主分割槽的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Just its device name, e.g. \"<literal>/dev/sda1</literal>\" for FAT16"
msgstr "它的裝置名字，例如 \"<literal>/dev/sda1</literal>\" 用於 FAT16 裝置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The explicit option and its device name, e.g. \"<literal>-F 32 /dev/sda1</"
"literal>\" for FAT32"
msgstr ""
"明確的選項和它的裝置名，例如 \"<literal>-F 32 /dev/sda1</literal>\" 用於 "
"FAT32 裝置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When using the FAT or ISO9660 filesystems for sharing data, the following "
"should be the safe considerations."
msgstr "當使用 FAT 或 ISO9660 檔案系統分享資料時，如下是需要注意的安全事項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Archiving files into an archive file first using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to retain the long "
"filename, the symbolic link, the original Unix file permission and the owner "
"information."
msgstr ""
"用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，或<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cpio</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>命令壓縮檔案，目地是為了"
"保留檔名，符號連結，原始的檔案許可權和檔案所有者資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Splitting the archive file into less than 2 GiB chunks with the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>split</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> command to protect it from the file size limitation."
msgstr ""
"用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>split</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令把壓縮檔案分解成若干小於 2GiB的小檔案，使其免受"
"檔案大小限制。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Encrypting the archive file to secure its contents from the unauthorized "
"access."
msgstr "加密壓縮檔案保護其內容免受未經授權的訪問。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"For FAT filesystems by its design, the maximum file size is <literal>(2^32 - "
"1) bytes = (4GiB - 1 byte)</literal>. For some applications on the older 32 "
"bit OS, the maximum file size was even smaller <literal>(2^31 - 1) bytes = "
"(2GiB - 1 byte)</literal>.  Debian does not suffer the latter problem."
msgstr ""
"因為 FAT 檔案系統的設計，最大的檔案大小為 <literal>(2^32 - 1) bytes = (4GiB "
"-1 byte)</literal>。對於一些老舊的 32 位系統上的應用程式而言，最大的檔案大小"
"甚至更小<literal>(2^31 -1) bytes = (2GiB -1 byte)</literal>。Debian 沒有遇到"
"後者的問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Microsoft itself does not recommend to use FAT for drives or partitions of "
"over 200 MB.  Microsoft highlights its short comings such as inefficient "
"disk space usage in their \"<ulink url=\"&overviewoffathpfdntfsfilesystems;"
"\">Overview of FAT, HPFS, and NTFS File Systems</ulink>\".  Of course, we "
"should normally use the ext4 filesystem for Linux."
msgstr ""
"微軟系統本身並不建議在超過 200MB 的分割槽或者驅動器上使用 FAT。他們的 "
"\"<ulink url=\"&overviewoffathpfdntfsfilesystems;\"> Overview of FAT, HPFS, "
"and NTFS File Systems</ulink> 這篇文章突出顯示了微軟系統的缺點，例如低效的磁"
"碟空間利用。當然了，我們在 Linux 系統上還是應該使用 ext4 檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For more on filesystems and accessing filesystems, please read \"<ulink url="
"\"&filesystemshowto;\">Filesystems HOWTO</ulink>\"."
msgstr ""
"有關檔案系統和訪問檔案系統的更多資訊，請參考 \"<ulink url="
"\"&filesystemshowto;\">Filesystems HOWTO</ulink>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Sharing data via network"
msgstr "網路上的資料分享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When sharing data with other system via network, you should use common "
"service. Here are some hints."
msgstr "當使用網路來分享資料的時候，你應該使用通用的服務。這裡有一些提示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of the network service to chose with the typical usage scenario"
msgstr "典型使用場景下可選擇的網路服務列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "network service"
msgstr "網路服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&smbcifs;\">SMB/CIFS</ulink> network mounted filesystem with "
"<ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&smbcifs;\">SMB/CIFS</ulink> 用 <ulink url=\"&samba;\">Samba</"
"ulink> 掛載網路檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"sharing files via \"Microsoft Windows Network\", see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <ulink url=\"&theofficialsambandreferenceguide;"
"\">The Official Samba 3.x.x HOWTO and Reference Guide</ulink> or the "
"<literal>samba-doc</literal> package"
msgstr ""
"通過 “Microsoft Windows 網路” 分享檔案，參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <ulink url=\"&theofficialsambandreferenceguide;"
"\">官方 Samba 3.x.x 指導和參考手冊（The Official Samba 3.x.x HOWTO and "
"Reference Guide）</ulink> 或 <literal>samba-doc</literal> 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink> network mounted filesystem with the Linux "
"kernel"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&nfs;\">NFS</ulink> 用 Linux 核心掛載網路檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"sharing files via \"Unix/Linux Network\", see "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exports</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <ulink url=\"&linuxnfshowto;\">Linux NFS-"
"HOWTO</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"通過 “Unix/Linux 網路\" 分享檔案，參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>exports</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&linuxnfshowto;\">Linux NFS-HOWTO</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sharing file between the web server/client"
msgstr "在 web 伺服器/客戶端之間分享檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&https;\">HTTPS</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&https;\">HTTPS</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"sharing file between the web server/client with encrypted Secure Sockets "
"Layer (SSL) or <ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">Transport Layer "
"Security</ulink> (TLS)"
msgstr ""
"在有加密的安全套接層 (SSL) 或者<ulink url=\"&transportlayersecurity;\">安全傳"
"輸層</ulink> (TLS) 的網路伺服器/客戶端中分享檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ftp;\">FTP</ulink> service"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ftp;\">FTP</ulink> 服務"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sharing file between the FTP server/client"
msgstr "在 FTP 伺服器/客戶端之間分享檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although these filesystems mounted over network and file transfer methods "
"over network are quite convenient for sharing data, these may be insecure.  "
"Their network connection must be secured by the following."
msgstr ""
"儘管對於檔案分享來說，通過網路掛載檔案系統和傳輸檔案是相當方便的，但這可能是"
"不安全的。它們的網路連線必須通過如下所示的加強安全性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Encrypt it with <ulink url=\"&ssltls;\">SSL/TLS</ulink>"
msgstr "用 <ulink url=\"&ssltls;\">SSL/TLS</ulink> 加密"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Tunnel it via <ulink url=\"&ssh;\">SSH</ulink>"
msgstr "建立 <ulink url=\"&ssh;\">SSH</ulink> 通道"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Tunnel it via <ulink url=\"&vpn;\">VPN</ulink>"
msgstr "建立 <ulink url=\"&vpn;\">VPN</ulink> 通道"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Limit it behind the secure firewall"
msgstr "網路之間需要有安全的防火牆"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"See also <xref linkend=\"_other_network_application_servers\"/> and <xref "
"linkend=\"_other_network_application_clients\"/>."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_other_network_application_servers\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_other_network_application_clients\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Backup and recovery"
msgstr "備份和恢復"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"We all know that computers fail sometime or human errors cause system and "
"data damages.  Backup and recovery operations are the essential part of "
"successful system administration.  All possible failure modes hit you some "
"day."
msgstr ""
"我們都熟知計算機有時會出問題，或者由於人為的錯誤導致系統和資料損壞。備份和恢"
"復操作是成功的系統管理中非常重要的一部分。可能有一天你的電腦就會出問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Keep your backup system simple and backup your system often.  Having backup "
"data is more important than how technically good your backup method is."
msgstr ""
"保持你的備份系統簡潔並且經常備份你的系統，有備份資料比你採用的備份方法的技術"
"先進要重要的多。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are 3 key factors which determine actual backup and recovery policy."
msgstr "有3個關鍵的因素決定實際的備份和恢復策略。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Knowing what to backup and recover."
msgstr "知道要備份和恢復什麼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Data files directly created by you: data in \"<literal>~/</literal>\""
msgstr "你自己建立的資料檔案：在 \"<literal>~/</literal>\" 下的資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Data files created by applications used by you: data in \"<literal>/var/</"
"literal>\" (except \"<literal>/var/cache/</literal>\", \"<literal>/var/run/</"
"literal>\", and \"<literal>/var/tmp/</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"你使用的應用程式建立的資料檔案：在 \"<literal>/var/</literal>\" 下的資料（除"
"了 \"<literal>/var/cache/</literal>\"，\"<literal>/var/run/</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>/var/tmp/</literal>\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "System configuration files: data in \"<literal>/etc/</literal>\""
msgstr "系統配置檔案：在 \"<literal>/etc/</literal>” 下的資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Local softwares: data in \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\" or \"<literal>/"
"opt/</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"本地軟體：在 \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>/opt/</literal>"
"\" 下的資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"System installation information: a memo in plain text on key steps "
"(partition, …)"
msgstr "系統安裝資訊：關鍵步驟 (分割槽,...) 的純文字備忘錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Proven set of data: confirmed by experimental recovery operations in advance"
msgstr "驗證資料結果：通過實驗性的恢復操作來預先驗證"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Knowing how to backup and recover."
msgstr "知道怎樣去備份和恢復。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Secure storage of data: protection from overwrite and system failure"
msgstr "安全的資料儲存：保護其免於覆蓋和系統故障"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Frequent backup: scheduled backup"
msgstr "經常備份：有計劃的備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Redundant backup: data mirroring"
msgstr "冗餘備份：資料映象"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Fool proof process: easy single command backup"
msgstr "傻瓜式操作：單個簡單命令備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Assessing risks and costs involved."
msgstr "評估涉及的風險和成本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Value of data when lost"
msgstr "評估資料丟失的損失"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Required resources for backup: human, hardware, software, …"
msgstr "備份所需的資源：人力，硬體，軟體，…"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Failure mode and their possibility"
msgstr "資料丟失的方式及其可能性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Do not back up the pseudo-filesystem contents found on <literal>/proc</"
"literal>, <literal>/sys</literal>, <literal>/tmp</literal>, and <literal>/"
"run</literal> (see <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_tmpfs\"/>).  Unless you know exactly what you are doing, they are huge "
"useless data."
msgstr ""
"除非你知道自己做的是什麼，否則不要備份 <literal>/proc</literal>, <literal>/"
"sys</literal>, <literal>/tmp</literal>, 和 <literal>/run</literal> 目錄下的偽"
"檔案系統（參見 <xref linkend=\"_procfs_and_sysfs\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_tmpfs\"/>)。它們是龐大且無用的資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"As for secure storage of data, data should be at least on different disk "
"partitions preferably on different disks and machines to withstand the "
"filesystem corruption.  Important data are best stored on a write-once media "
"such as CD/DVD-R to prevent overwrite accidents.  (See <xref linkend="
"\"_the_binary_data\"/> for how to write to the storage media from the shell "
"commandline.  GNOME desktop GUI environment gives you easy access via menu: "
"\"Places→CD/DVD Creator\".)"
msgstr ""
"至於安全的資料儲存，資料至少是應該在不同的磁碟分割槽上最好是在不同的磁碟和機"
"器上，來承受檔案系統發生的損壞。重要的資料最好儲存在只能寫一次的媒介上例如 "
"CD/DVD-R 來防止覆蓋事故。（參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_binary_data\"/> 怎樣在 "
"shell 命令列寫入儲存媒介。GNOME 桌面圖形環境可以讓你輕鬆的通過選單：“位置 → "
"CD/DVD 燒錄”來實現寫入操作。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"You may wish to stop some application daemons such as MTA (see <xref linkend="
"\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>) while backing up data."
msgstr ""
"當備份資料的時候，你可能希望停止一些應用程式的守護程序例如 MTA（參見<xref "
"linkend=\"_mail_transport_agent_mta\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"You should pay extra care to the backup and restoration of identity related "
"data files such as \"<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key</literal>\", \"<literal>~/.gnupg/*</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>~/.ssh/*</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/fetchmailrc</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>popularity-contest.conf</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-"
"secrets</literal>\", and \"<literal>/etc/exim4/passwd.client</literal>\".  "
"Some of these data can not be regenerated by entering the same input string "
"to the system."
msgstr ""
"你應該格外小心地備份和恢復身份認證相關的資料檔案例如 \"<literal>/etc/ssh/"
"ssh_host_dsa_key</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>~/.gnupg/*</literal>\", \"<literal>~/.ssh/*</literal>\", "
"<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>/etc/fetchmailrc</literal>\", \"<literal>popularity-contest.conf</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/"
"exim4/passwd.client/</literal>\"。 這些資料中的有一些檔案是不能通過向系統輸入"
"同樣的字串來再生的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you run a cron job as a user process, you must restore files in "
"\"<literal>/var/spool/cron/crontabs</literal>\" directory and restart "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>.  See <xref linkend=\"_scheduling_tasks_regularly\"/> for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"如果你以使用者程序的方式執行 cron job，你必須儲存檔案到 \"<literal>/var/"
"spool/cron/crontabs</literal>\" 目錄並且重啟 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>。參見<xref linkend=\"_scheduling_tasks_regularly\"/>來獲得關於 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Backup utility suites"
msgstr "實用備份套件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a select list of notable backup utility suites available on the "
"Debian system."
msgstr "以下是 Debian 系統上值得注意的實用備份程式套件的列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of backup suite utilities"
msgstr "實用備份程式套件列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"4.4 <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>restore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for <ulink url=\"&extc;\">ext2</ulink>/<ulink url="
"\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> filesystems"
msgstr ""
"4.4 <ulink url=\"&bsd;\">BSD</ulink> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dump</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>restore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令用於 <ulink url=\"&extc;\">ext2</ulink>/<ulink "
"url=\"&extd;\">ext3</ulink>/<ulink url=\"&exte;\">ext4</ulink> 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"dump and restore with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xfsdump</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xfsrestore</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for <ulink url=\"&xfs;\">XFS</ulink> filesystem on "
"GNU/Linux and <ulink url=\"&irix;\">IRIX</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"在 GNU/Linux 和 <ulink url=\"&irix;\">IRIX</ulink> 上用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xfsdump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xfsrestore</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令來備份和恢復 "
"<ulink url=\"&xfs;\">XFS</ulink> 檔案系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"lightweight, extensible <emphasis role=\"strong\">meta-backup</emphasis> "
"system"
msgstr ""
"輕量的可擴充套件的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">meta-backup</emphasis> 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: network backup, recovery and "
"verification - common support files"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: 網路資料備份，恢復和核查-常見的支援檔"
"案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: network backup, recovery and "
"verification - client meta-package"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: 網路資料備份，恢復和核查-客戶端元軟體"
"包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: network backup, recovery and "
"verification - text console"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: 網路資料備份，恢復和核查-文字終端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: network backup, recovery and "
"verification - server meta-package"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>: 網路資料備份，恢復和核查-伺服器端元軟"
"體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</ulink>: Advanced Maryland Automatic Network "
"Disk Archiver (Libs)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</ulink>: 馬里蘭大學開發的高階自動化網路磁碟歸"
"檔器（庫）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</ulink>: Advanced Maryland Automatic Network "
"Disk Archiver (Client)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</ulink>: 馬里蘭大學開發的高階自動化網路磁碟歸"
"檔器（客戶端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</ulink>: Advanced Maryland Automatic Network "
"Disk Archiver (Server)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</ulink>: 馬里蘭大學開發的高階自動化網路磁碟歸"
"檔器（伺服器端）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "command-line backup tool"
msgstr "命令列備份工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "low-maintenance backup/restore tool for mountable media (disk based)"
msgstr "用於可掛載媒介 (基於磁碟的) 的低維護的備份/恢復工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&backuppc;\">BackupPC</ulink> is a high-performance, enterprise-"
"grade system for backing up PCs (disk based)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&backuppc;\">BackupPC</ulink> 是用於備份 PC 機資料（基於磁碟）的"
"高效能的企業級工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "(remote) incremental backup"
msgstr "(遠端) 增量備份"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Backup tools have their specialized focuses."
msgstr "備份工具有各自的專用的用途。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&mondorescue;\">Mondo Rescue</ulink> is a backup system to "
"facilitate restoration of complete system quickly from backup CD/DVD etc. "
"without going through normal system installation processes."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&mondorescue;\">Mondo Rescue</ulink> 是一個備份系統，它能夠方便"
"的從備份 CD/DVD 等裝置中快速恢復整個系統，而不需要經過常規的系統安裝過程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Regular backups of user data can be realized by a simple script (<xref "
"linkend=\"_an_example_script_for_the_system_backup\"/>) and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"定期備份使用者資料,可以通過一個簡單的指令碼（<xref linkend="
"\"_an_example_script_for_the_system_backup\"/>）和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來實現。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</"
"ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&backuppc;\">BackupPC</ulink> are full featured "
"backup suite utilities which are focused on regular backups over network."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&bacula;\">Bacula</ulink>，<ulink url=\"&amanda;\">Amanda</"
"ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&backuppc;\">BackupPC</ulink> 是全功能的備份實用套件，"
"主要用於聯網的定期備份。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Basic tools described in <xref linkend=\"_archive_and_compression_tools\"/> "
"and <xref linkend=\"_copy_and_synchronization_tools\"/> can be used to "
"facilitate system backup via custom scripts.  Such script can be enhanced by "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"_archive_and_compression_tools\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_copy_and_synchronization_tools\"/> 描述的基礎工具能夠通過自定義指令碼來幫"
"助系統備份。這些指令碼的功能可以通過如下的工具來增強。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>restic</literal> package enables incremental (remote) backups."
msgstr "<literal>restic</literal> 軟體包能夠增量備份（遠端）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>rdiff-backup</literal> package enables incremental (remote) "
"backups."
msgstr "<literal>rdiff-backup</literal> 軟體包能夠增量備份（遠端）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>dump</literal> package helps to archive and restore the whole "
"filesystem incrementally and efficiently."
msgstr "<literal>dump</literal> 軟體包用於高效增量的歸檔和恢復整個檔案系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"See files in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/dump/</literal>\" and <ulink url="
"\"&isdumpreallydeprecated;\">\"Is dump really deprecated?\"</ulink> to learn "
"about the <literal>dump</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"參見 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/dump/</literal>\" 和 <ulink url="
"\"&isdumpreallydeprecated;\">\"Is dump really deprecated?\"</ulink> 來了解 "
"<literal>dump</literal> 程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "An example script for the system backup"
msgstr "一個系統備份的指令碼例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For a personal Debian desktop system running <literal>unstable</literal> "
"suite, I only need to protect personal and critical data.  I reinstall "
"system once a year anyway.  Thus I see no reason to backup the whole system "
"or to install a full featured backup utility."
msgstr ""
"對於執行 <literal>unstable</literal> 套件的個人 Debian 桌面系統來說，只需要保"
"護個人資料和關鍵資料。我不管怎樣每年都會重新安裝一次系統。因此沒理由去備份整"
"個系統或者安裝全功能的備份實用程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I use a simple script to make a backup archive and burn it into CD/DVD using "
"GUI.  Here is an example script for this."
msgstr ""
"我使用簡單的指令碼來製作用於備份的壓縮檔案並用 GUI 介面把它燒寫到 CD/DVD 裡。"
"以下是關於這個的指令碼例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh -e\n"
"# Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu@debian.org&gt;, Public Domain\n"
"BUUID=1000; USER=osamu # UID and name of a user who accesses backup files\n"
"BUDIR=\"/var/backups\"\n"
"XDIR0=\".+/Mail|.+/Desktop\"\n"
"XDIR1=\".+/\\.thumbnails|.+/\\.?Trash|.+/\\.?[cC]ache|.+/\\.gvfs|.+/sessions\"\n"
"XDIR2=\".+/CVS|.+/\\.git|.+/\\.svn|.+/Downloads|.+/Archive|.+/Checkout|.+/tmp\"\n"
"XSFX=\".+\\.iso|.+\\.tgz|.+\\.tar\\.gz|.+\\.tar\\.bz2|.+\\.cpio|.+\\.tmp|.+\\.swp|.+~\"\n"
"SIZE=\"+99M\"\n"
"DATE=$(date --utc +\"%Y%m%d-%H%M\")\n"
"[ -d \"$BUDIR\" ] || mkdir -p \"BUDIR\"\n"
"umask 077\n"
"dpkg --get-selections \\* &gt; /var/lib/dpkg/dpkg-selections.list\n"
"debconf-get-selections &gt; /var/cache/debconf/debconf-selections\n"
"\n"
"{\n"
"find /etc /usr/local /opt /var/lib/dpkg/dpkg-selections.list \\\n"
"     /var/cache/debconf/debconf-selections -xdev -print0\n"
"find /home/$USER /root -xdev -regextype posix-extended \\\n"
"  -type d -regex \"$XDIR0|$XDIR1\" -prune -o -type f -regex \"$XSFX\" -prune -o \\\n"
"  -type f -size  \"$SIZE\" -prune -o -print0\n"
"find /home/$USER/Mail/Inbox /home/$USER/Mail/Outbox -print0\n"
"find /home/$USER/Desktop  -xdev -regextype posix-extended \\\n"
"  -type d -regex \"$XDIR2\" -prune -o -type f -regex \"$XSFX\" -prune -o \\\n"
"  -type f -size  \"$SIZE\" -prune -o -print0\n"
"} | cpio -ov --null -O $BUDIR/BU$DATE.cpio\n"
"chown $BUUID $BUDIR/BU$DATE.cpio\n"
"touch $BUDIR/backup.stamp"
msgstr ""
"#!/bin/sh -e\n"
"# Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu@debian.org&gt;, Public Domain\n"
"BUUID=1000; USER=osamu # UID and name of a user who accesses backup files\n"
"BUDIR=\"/var/backups\"\n"
"XDIR0=\".+/Mail|.+/Desktop\"\n"
"XDIR1=\".+/\\.thumbnails|.+/\\.?Trash|.+/\\.?[cC]ache|.+/\\.gvfs|.+/sessions\"\n"
"XDIR2=\".+/CVS|.+/\\.git|.+/\\.svn|.+/Downloads|.+/Archive|.+/Checkout|.+/tmp\"\n"
"XSFX=\".+\\.iso|.+\\.tgz|.+\\.tar\\.gz|.+\\.tar\\.bz2|.+\\.cpio|.+\\.tmp|.+\\.swp|.+~\"\n"
"SIZE=\"+99M\"\n"
"DATE=$(date --utc +\"%Y%m%d-%H%M\")\n"
"[ -d \"$BUDIR\" ] || mkdir -p \"BUDIR\"\n"
"umask 077\n"
"dpkg --get-selections \\* &gt; /var/lib/dpkg/dpkg-selections.list\n"
"debconf-get-selections &gt; /var/cache/debconf/debconf-selections\n"
"\n"
"{\n"
"find /etc /usr/local /opt /var/lib/dpkg/dpkg-selections.list \\\n"
"     /var/cache/debconf/debconf-selections -xdev -print0\n"
"find /home/$USER /root -xdev -regextype posix-extended \\\n"
"  -type d -regex \"$XDIR0|$XDIR1\" -prune -o -type f -regex \"$XSFX\" -prune -o \\\n"
"  -type f -size  \"$SIZE\" -prune -o -print0\n"
"find /home/$USER/Mail/Inbox /home/$USER/Mail/Outbox -print0\n"
"find /home/$USER/Desktop  -xdev -regextype posix-extended \\\n"
"  -type d -regex \"$XDIR2\" -prune -o -type f -regex \"$XSFX\" -prune -o \\\n"
"  -type f -size  \"$SIZE\" -prune -o -print0\n"
"} | cpio -ov --null -O $BUDIR/BU$DATE.cpio\n"
"chown $BUUID $BUDIR/BU$DATE.cpio\n"
"touch $BUDIR/backup.stamp"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "This is meant to be a script example executed from root."
msgstr "這是一個用 root 許可權執行的指令碼例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "I expect you to change and execute this as follows."
msgstr "我建議你按照如下所示的去更改和執行這個指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Edit this script to cover all your important data (see <xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> and <xref linkend="
"\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"編輯這個指令碼使其能夠覆蓋到你所有的重要資料（參見<xref linkend="
"\"_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
"\"_backup_and_recovery\"/>）。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Replace \"<literal>find … -print0</literal>\" with \"<literal>find … -newer "
"$BUDIR/backup.stamp -print0</literal>\" to make a incremental backup."
msgstr ""
"用 \"<literal>find ...-newer $BUDIR/backup.stamp -print0</literal>\" 替代 "
"\"<literal>find ...-print0</literal>\" 來實現增量備份。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Transfer backup files to the remote host using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or burn them to CD/DVD "
"for extra data security.  (I use GNOME desktop GUI for burning CD/DVD. See "
"<xref linkend=\"_shell_script_example_with_zenity\"/> for extra redundancy.)"
msgstr ""
"為保險起見，使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>scp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rsync</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </"
"citerefentry> 命令來備份檔案到遠端 或者把它們燒寫到 CD/DVD 裡。（我使用 "
"GNOME 桌面 GUI 來燒寫 CD/DVD。參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_shell_script_example_with_zenity\"/> 來獲得更多的資訊。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Keep it simple!"
msgstr "把事情簡單化！"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can recover debconf configuration data with \"<literal>debconf-set-"
"selections debconf-selections</literal>\" and dpkg selection data with "
"\"<literal>dpkg --set-selection &lt;dpkg-selections.list</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你能夠用 \"<literal>debconf-set-selections debconf-selections</literal>\" 命"
"令恢復 debconf 配置資料，可以用 \"<literal>dpkg --set-selection &lt;dpkg-"
"selections.list</literal>\" 命令恢復 dpkg 篩選資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "A copy script for the data backup"
msgstr "用於備份資料的複製指令碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the set of data under a directory tree, the copy with \"<literal>cp -a</"
"literal>\" provides the normal backup."
msgstr ""
"對於目錄樹下面的資料集，\"<literal>cp -a</literal>\" 命令可以實現常規備份。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For the set of large non-overwritten static data under a directory tree such "
"as the one under the \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages/</literal>\" "
"directory, hardlinks with \"<literal>cp -al</literal>\" provide an "
"alternative to the normal backup with efficient use of the disk space."
msgstr ""
"對於類似 \"<literal>/var/cache/apt/packages/</literal>\" 目錄下面的大量不可覆"
"蓋的靜態資料集,使用 \"<literal>cp -al</literal>\" 命令來建立硬連結是一種替代"
"常規備份的方式，這樣可以高效的利用磁碟空間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a copy script, which I named as <literal>bkup</literal>, for the "
"data backup. This script copies all (non-VCS) files under the current "
"directory to the dated directory on the parent directory or on a remote host."
msgstr ""
"以下是一個用於資料備份的名為 <literal>bkup</literal> 的複製指令碼。它把當前目"
"錄下的所有 (non-VCS) 檔案複製到父目錄下的指定目錄中或者遠端主機上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh -e\n"
"# Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu@debian.org&gt;, Public Domain\n"
"fdot(){ find . -type d \\( -iname \".?*\" -o -iname \"CVS\" \\) -prune -o -print0;}\n"
"fall(){ find . -print0;}\n"
"mkdircd(){ mkdir -p \"$1\";chmod 700 \"$1\";cd \"$1\"&gt;/dev/null;}\n"
"FIND=\"fdot\";OPT=\"-a\";MODE=\"CPIOP\";HOST=\"localhost\";EXTP=\"$(hostname -f)\"\n"
"BKUP=\"$(basename $(pwd)).bkup\";TIME=\"$(date  +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)\";BU=\"$BKUP/$TIME\"\n"
"while getopts gcCsStrlLaAxe:h:T f; do case $f in\n"
"g)  MODE=\"GNUCP\";; # cp (GNU)\n"
"c)  MODE=\"CPIOP\";; # cpio -p\n"
"C)  MODE=\"CPIOI\";; # cpio -i\n"
"s)  MODE=\"CPIOSSH\";; # cpio/ssh\n"
"t)  MODE=\"TARSSH\";; # tar/ssh\n"
"r)  MODE=\"RSYNCSSH\";; # rsync/ssh\n"
"l)  OPT=\"-alv\";; # hardlink (GNU cp)\n"
"L)  OPT=\"-av\";;  # copy (GNU cp)\n"
"a)  FIND=\"fall\";; # find all\n"
"A)  FIND=\"fdot\";; # find non CVS/ .???/\n"
"x)  set -x;; # trace\n"
"e)  EXTP=\"${OPTARG}\";; # hostname -f\n"
"h)  HOST=\"${OPTARG}\";; # user@remotehost.example.com\n"
"T)  MODE=\"TEST\";; # test find mode\n"
"\\?) echo \"use -x for trace.\"\n"
"esac; done\n"
"shift $(expr $OPTIND - 1)\n"
"if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then\n"
"  for x in $@; do cp $OPT $x $x.$TIME; done\n"
"elif [ $MODE = GNUCP ]; then\n"
"  mkdir -p \"../$BU\";chmod 700 \"../$BU\";cp $OPT . \"../$BU/\"\n"
"elif [ $MODE = CPIOP ]; then\n"
"  mkdir -p \"../$BU\";chmod 700 \"../$BU\"\n"
"  $FIND|cpio --null --sparse -pvd ../$BU\n"
"elif [ $MODE = CPIOI ]; then\n"
"  $FIND|cpio -ov --null | ( mkdircd \"../$BU\"&amp;&amp;cpio -i )\n"
"elif [ $MODE = CPIOSSH ]; then\n"
"  $FIND|cpio -ov --null|ssh -C $HOST \"( mkdircd \\\"$EXTP/$BU\\\"&amp;&amp;cpio -i )\"\n"
"elif [ $MODE = TARSSH ]; then\n"
"  (tar cvf - . )|ssh -C $HOST \"( mkdircd \\\"$EXTP/$BU\\\"&amp;&amp; tar xvfp - )\"\n"
"elif [ $MODE = RSYNCSSH ]; then\n"
"  rsync -aHAXSv ./ \"${HOST}:${EXTP}-${BKUP}-${TIME}\"\n"
"else\n"
"  echo \"Any other idea to backup?\"\n"
"  $FIND |xargs -0 -n 1 echo\n"
"fi"
msgstr ""
"#!/bin/sh -e\n"
"# Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu@debian.org&gt;, Public Domain\n"
"fdot(){ find . -type d \\( -iname \".?*\" -o -iname \"CVS\" \\) -prune -o -print0;}\n"
"fall(){ find . -print0;}\n"
"mkdircd(){ mkdir -p \"$1\";chmod 700 \"$1\";cd \"$1\"&gt;/dev/null;}\n"
"FIND=\"fdot\";OPT=\"-a\";MODE=\"CPIOP\";HOST=\"localhost\";EXTP=\"$(hostname -f)\"\n"
"BKUP=\"$(basename $(pwd)).bkup\";TIME=\"$(date  +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)\";BU=\"$BKUP/$TIME\"\n"
"while getopts gcCsStrlLaAxe:h:T f; do case $f in\n"
"g)  MODE=\"GNUCP\";; # cp (GNU)\n"
"c)  MODE=\"CPIOP\";; # cpio -p\n"
"C)  MODE=\"CPIOI\";; # cpio -i\n"
"s)  MODE=\"CPIOSSH\";; # cpio/ssh\n"
"t)  MODE=\"TARSSH\";; # tar/ssh\n"
"r)  MODE=\"RSYNCSSH\";; # rsync/ssh\n"
"l)  OPT=\"-alv\";; # hardlink (GNU cp)\n"
"L)  OPT=\"-av\";;  # copy (GNU cp)\n"
"a)  FIND=\"fall\";; # find all\n"
"A)  FIND=\"fdot\";; # find non CVS/ .???/\n"
"x)  set -x;; # trace\n"
"e)  EXTP=\"${OPTARG}\";; # hostname -f\n"
"h)  HOST=\"${OPTARG}\";; # user@remotehost.example.com\n"
"T)  MODE=\"TEST\";; # test find mode\n"
"\\?) echo \"use -x for trace.\"\n"
"esac; done\n"
"shift $(expr $OPTIND - 1)\n"
"if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then\n"
"  for x in $@; do cp $OPT $x $x.$TIME; done\n"
"elif [ $MODE = GNUCP ]; then\n"
"  mkdir -p \"../$BU\";chmod 700 \"../$BU\";cp $OPT . \"../$BU/\"\n"
"elif [ $MODE = CPIOP ]; then\n"
"  mkdir -p \"../$BU\";chmod 700 \"../$BU\"\n"
"  $FIND|cpio --null --sparse -pvd ../$BU\n"
"elif [ $MODE = CPIOI ]; then\n"
"  $FIND|cpio -ov --null | ( mkdircd \"../$BU\"&amp;&amp;cpio -i )\n"
"elif [ $MODE = CPIOSSH ]; then\n"
"  $FIND|cpio -ov --null|ssh -C $HOST \"( mkdircd \\\"$EXTP/$BU\\\"&amp;&amp;cpio -i )\"\n"
"elif [ $MODE = TARSSH ]; then\n"
"  (tar cvf - . )|ssh -C $HOST \"( mkdircd \\\"$EXTP/$BU\\\"&amp;&amp; tar xvfp - )\"\n"
"elif [ $MODE = RSYNCSSH ]; then\n"
"  rsync -aHAXSv ./ \"${HOST}:${EXTP}-${BKUP}-${TIME}\"\n"
"else\n"
"  echo \"Any other idea to backup?\"\n"
"  $FIND |xargs -0 -n 1 echo\n"
"fi"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is meant to be command examples.  Please read script and edit it by "
"yourself before using it."
msgstr "如上只是一個範例。在你自己使用指令碼之前，請閱讀此指令碼並且修改它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"I keep this <literal>bkup</literal> in my \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/</"
"literal>\" directory.  I issue this <literal>bkup</literal> command without "
"any option in the working directory whenever I need a temporary snapshot "
"backup."
msgstr ""
"我把 <literal>bkup</literal> 儲存在我的 \"<literal>/usr/local/bin</literal>"
"\" 目錄。我假定當需要臨時快照備份的時候，能夠在工作目錄不帶任何引數執行 "
"<literal>bkup</literal> 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For making snapshot history of a source file tree or a configuration file "
"tree, it is easier and space efficient to use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (see <xref linkend=\"_git_for_recording_configuration_history"
"\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"如果是要製作原始檔樹或者配置檔案樹的快照歷史的話，使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (參見<xref linkend=\"_git_for_recording_configuration_history"
"\"/>) 是更簡便並且也是空間高效的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Data security infrastructure"
msgstr "資料安全基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The data security infrastructure is provided by the combination of data "
"encryption tool, message digest tool, and signature tool."
msgstr "資料安全基礎設施是資料加密，訊息摘要和簽名工具的結合。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of data security infrastructure tools"
msgstr "資料安全基礎工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU Privacy Guard</ulink> - OpenPGP "
"encryption and signing tool"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU 隱私衛士</ulink> - OpenPGP 加密和簽名工"
"具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpgv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpgv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU Privacy Guard - signature verification tool"
msgstr "GNU 隱私衛士 - 簽名驗證工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>paperkey</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>paperkey</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract just the secret information out of OpenPGP secret keys"
msgstr "從 OpenPGP 私鑰裡面，僅僅匯出私密資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for <ulink url=\"&dmcrypto;\">dm-crypto</ulink> block device "
"encryption supporting <ulink url=\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&dmcrypto;\">dm-crypto</ulink> 塊裝置加密支援 <ulink url="
"\"&luks;\">LUKS</ulink> 工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ecryptfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">ecryptfs</ulink> stacked filesystem "
"encryption"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">ecryptfs</ulink> 堆疊檔案系統加密工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>md5sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>md5sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compute and check MD5 message digest"
msgstr "計算與校驗 MD5 訊息摘要"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sha1sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sha1sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compute and check SHA1 message digest"
msgstr "計算與校驗 SHA1 訊息摘要"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>openssl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1ssl</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>openssl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1ssl</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"compute message digest with \"<literal>openssl dgst</literal>\" (OpenSSL)"
msgstr "使用 \"<literal>openssl dgst</literal>\" (OpenSSL)計算資訊摘要"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/> on <ulink url=\"&dmcrypto;"
"\">dm-crypto</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">ecryptfs</ulink> which "
"implement automatic data encryption infrastructure via Linux kernel modules."
msgstr ""
"參見 <xref linkend=\"_data_encryption_tips\"/> 的 <ulink url=\"&dmcrypto;"
"\">dm-crypto</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&ecryptfs;\">ecryptfs</ulink>，它們通過 "
"Linux 核心模組實現了自動資料加密架構。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Key management for GnuPG"
msgstr "GnuPG 金鑰管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU Privacy Guard</ulink> commands "
"for the basic key management."
msgstr ""
"如下是 <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU 隱私衛士</ulink> 基本的金鑰管理命"
"令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of GNU Privacy Guard commands for the key management"
msgstr "GNU 隱私衛士金鑰管理命令的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --gen-key</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --gen-key</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "generate a new key"
msgstr "生成一副新的金鑰對"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --gen-revoke my_user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --gen-revoke my_user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "generate revoke key for my_user_ID"
msgstr "生成 my_user_ID 的一份吊銷證書"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --edit-key user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --edit-key user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "edit key interactively, \"help\" for help"
msgstr "互動式的編輯金鑰，輸入 \"help\" 來獲得幫助資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o file --export</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o file --export</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "export all keys to file"
msgstr "把所有的金鑰輸出到檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --import file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --import file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "import all keys from file"
msgstr "從檔案匯入金鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --send-keys user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --send-keys user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "send key of user_ID to keyserver"
msgstr "傳送 user_ID 的公鑰到公鑰伺服器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --recv-keys user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --recv-keys user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "recv. key of user_ID from keyserver"
msgstr "從公鑰伺服器下載 user_ID 的公鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --list-keys user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --list-keys user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list keys of user_ID"
msgstr "列出 user_ID 的所有金鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --list-sigs user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --list-sigs user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "list sig. of user_ID"
msgstr "列出 user_ID 的簽字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --check-sigs user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --check-sigs user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "check sig. of user_ID"
msgstr "檢查 user_ID 金鑰簽字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --fingerprint user_ID</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --fingerprint user_ID</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "check fingerprint of user_ID"
msgstr "檢查 user_ID 的指紋"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --refresh-keys</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --refresh-keys</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "update local keyring"
msgstr "更新本地金鑰"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here is the meaning of the trust code."
msgstr "信任碼含義."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of the meaning of the trust code"
msgstr "信任碼含義列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "code"
msgstr "程式碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description of trust"
msgstr "信任描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "no owner trust assigned / not yet calculated"
msgstr "沒有所有者信任簽名/沒有計算"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "trust calculation failed"
msgstr "信任計算失敗"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "not enough information for calculation"
msgstr "沒有足夠的資訊用於計算"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>n</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>n</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "never trust this key"
msgstr "從不信任這個鍵"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>m</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>m</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "marginally trusted"
msgstr "最低限度的信任"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>f</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>f</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "fully trusted"
msgstr "完全信任"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ultimately trusted"
msgstr "最終信任"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following uploads my key \"<literal>1DD8D791</literal>\" to the popular "
"keyserver \"<literal>hkp://keys.gnupg.net</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如下命令上傳我的 \"<literal>1DD8D791</literal>\" 公鑰到主流的公鑰伺服器 "
"\"<literal>hkp://keys.gnupg.net</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --send-keys 1DD8D791"
msgstr "$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --send-keys 1DD8D791"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A good default keyserver set up in \"<literal>~/.gnupg/gpg.conf</literal>"
"\" (or old location \"<literal>~/.gnupg/options</literal>\") contains the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"預設良好的公鑰伺服器在 \"<literal>~/.gnupg/gpg.conf</literal>\" （舊的位置在 "
"\"<literal>~/.gnupg/options</literal>\"）檔案中設定，此檔案包含了以下資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net"
msgstr "keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following obtains unknown keys from the keyserver."
msgstr "從鑰匙伺服器獲取無名鑰匙。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ gpg --list-sigs --with-colons | grep '^sig.*\\[User ID not found\\]' |\\\n"
"  cut -d ':' -f 5| sort | uniq | xargs gpg --recv-keys"
msgstr ""
"$ gpg --list-sigs --with-colons | grep '^sig.*\\[User ID not found\\]' |\\\n"
"  cut -d ':' -f 5| sort | uniq | xargs gpg --recv-keys"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There was a bug in <ulink url=\"&openpgppublickeyserver;\">OpenPGP Public "
"Key Server</ulink> (pre version 0.9.6) which corrupted key with more than 2 "
"sub-keys.  The newer <literal>gnupg</literal> (&gt;1.2.1-2) package can "
"handle these corrupted subkeys.  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpg</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> under \"<literal>--"
"repair-pks-subkey-bug</literal>\" option."
msgstr ""
"有一個錯誤在 <ulink url=\"&openpgppublickeyserver;\">OpenPGP 公鑰伺服器</"
"ulink> (先前的版本 0.9.6)，會將鍵中斷為 2 個以上的子鍵。新的 <literal>gnupg</"
"literal> (&gt;1.2.1-2) 軟體包能夠處理這些中斷的子鍵。參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 下的 \"<literal>--repair-pks-subkey-bug</literal>\" 選項."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Using GnuPG on files"
msgstr "在檔案上使用 GnuPG"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here are examples for using <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU Privacy "
"Guard</ulink> commands on files."
msgstr ""
"這裡有一些在檔案上使用 <ulink url=\"&gnuprivacyguard;\">GNU 隱私衛士</ulink> "
"命令的例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of GNU Privacy Guard commands on files"
msgstr "在檔案上使用的 GNU 隱私衛士的命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -a -s file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -a -s file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sign file into <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> armored file.asc"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 封裝的簽名檔案 file.asc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --armor --sign file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --armor --sign file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --clearsign file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --clearsign file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "clear-sign message"
msgstr "生成明文簽字資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --clearsign file|mail foo@example.org</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --clearsign file|mail foo@example.org</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mail a clear-signed message to <literal>foo@example.org</literal>"
msgstr "傳送一份明文簽字到 <literal>foo@example.org</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --clearsign --not-dash-escaped patchfile</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --clearsign --not-dash-escaped patchfile</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "clear-sign patchfile"
msgstr "明文簽名的補丁檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --verify file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --verify file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "verify clear-signed file"
msgstr "驗證明文檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o file.sig -b file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o file.sig -b file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "create detached signature"
msgstr "生成一份分離的簽字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o file.sig --detach-sig file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o file.sig --detach-sig file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg --verify file.sig file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg --verify file.sig file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "verify file with file.sig"
msgstr "使用 file.sig 驗證檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg -r name -e file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg -r name -e file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"public-key encryption intended for name from file to binary crypt_file.gpg"
msgstr "公鑰加密，從檔案裡面獲取名字，生成二進位制的 crypt_file.gpg"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg --recipient name --encrypt file</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg --recipient name --encrypt file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.asc -a -r name -e file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.asc -a -r name -e file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"public-key encryption intended for name from file to <ulink url=\"&ascii;"
"\">ASCII</ulink> armored crypt_file.asc"
msgstr ""
"公鑰加密，從檔案中獲取名字，生成 <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 封裝的 "
"crypt_file.asc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg -c file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg -c file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "symmetric encryption from file to crypt_file.gpg"
msgstr "將檔案對稱加密到 crypt_file.gpg"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg --symmetric file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.gpg --symmetric file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.asc -a -c file</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o crypt_file.asc -a -c file</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"symmetric encryption intended for name from file to <ulink url=\"&ascii;"
"\">ASCII</ulink> armored crypt_file.asc"
msgstr ""
"對稱加密，從檔案到 <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 封裝的 crypt_file.asc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o file -d crypt_file.gpg -r name</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o file -d crypt_file.gpg -r name</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "decryption"
msgstr "解密"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gpg -o file --decrypt crypt_file.gpg</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gpg -o file --decrypt crypt_file.gpg</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Using GnuPG with Mutt"
msgstr "在 Mutt 中使用 GnuPG"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Add the following to \"<literal>~/.muttrc</literal>\" to keep a slow GnuPG "
"from automatically starting, while allowing it to be used by typing "
"\"<literal>S</literal>\" at the index menu."
msgstr ""
"增加下面內容到 \"<literal>~/.muttrc</literal>\"，在自動啟動時，避免一個慢的 "
"GnuPG，在索引選單中按 \"<literal>S</literal>\" 來允許它使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"macro index S \":toggle pgp_verify_sig\\n\"\n"
"set pgp_verify_sig=no"
msgstr ""
"macro index S \":toggle pgp_verify_sig\\n\"\n"
"set pgp_verify_sig=no"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Using GnuPG with Vim"
msgstr "在 vim 中使用 GnuPG"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>gnupg</literal> plugin let you run GnuPG transparently for "
"files with extension \"<literal>.gpg</literal>\", \"<literal>.asc</literal>"
"\", and \"<literal>.ppg</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>gnupg</literal> 外掛可以讓你對副檔名為 \"<literal>.gpg</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>.asc</literal>\", 和 \"<literal>.ppg</literal>\"的檔案可靠的執行 "
"GnuPG."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# aptitude install vim-scripts vim-addon-manager\n"
"$ vim-addons install gnupg"
msgstr ""
"# aptitude install vim-scripts vim-addon-manager\n"
"$ vim-addons install gnupg"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The MD5 sum"
msgstr "MD5 校驗和"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>md5sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> provides utility to make a digest file using the method in "
"<ulink url=\"&rfcbdcb;\">rfc1321</ulink> and verifying each file with it."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>md5sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>  提供了製作摘要檔案的一個工具,它使用 <ulink url=\"&rfcbdcb;"
"\">rfc1321</ulink> 裡的方式製作摘要檔案."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ md5sum foo bar &gt;baz.md5\n"
"$ cat baz.md5\n"
"d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00  foo\n"
"c157a79031e1c40f85931829bc5fc552  bar\n"
"$ md5sum -c baz.md5\n"
"foo: OK\n"
"bar: OK"
msgstr ""
"$ md5sum foo bar &gt;baz.md5\n"
"$ cat baz.md5\n"
"d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00  foo\n"
"c157a79031e1c40f85931829bc5fc552  bar\n"
"$ md5sum -c baz.md5\n"
"foo: OK\n"
"bar: OK"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The computation for the <ulink url=\"&mdf;\">MD5</ulink> sum is less CPU "
"intensive than the one for the cryptographic signature by <ulink url="
"\"&gnuprivacyguardgnupg;\">GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG)</ulink>. Usually, only "
"the top level digest file is cryptographically signed to ensure data "
"integrity."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&mdf;\">MD5</ulink> 校驗和的 CPU 計算強度是比 <ulink url="
"\"&gnuprivacyguardgnupg;\">GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG)</ulink> 加密簽名要少的."
"在通常情況下,只有頂級的摘要檔案才需要加密簽名來確保資料完整性."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Source code merge tools"
msgstr "原始碼合併工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are many merge tools for the source code.  Following commands caught "
"my eyes."
msgstr "這裡有許多原始碼合併工具。如下的是我感興趣的工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of source code merge tools"
msgstr "原始碼合併工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compare files line by line"
msgstr "逐行比較兩個檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compare and merges three files line by line"
msgstr "逐行比較和合並三個檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vimdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vimdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compare 2 files side by side in vim"
msgstr "在 vim 中並排比較兩個檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>patch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>patch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "apply a diff file to an original"
msgstr "給原檔案打補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "manage series of patches for Debian package"
msgstr "管理 Debian 軟體包的系列補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diffstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diffstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "produce a histogram of changes by the diff"
msgstr "通過 diff 生成一個改變柱狀圖"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>combinediff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>combinediff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "create a cumulative patch from two incremental patches"
msgstr "從兩個增量補丁建立一個積累補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dehtmldiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dehtmldiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract a diff from an HTML page"
msgstr "從一個 HTML 頁面提取出一個 diff"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>filterdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>filterdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract or excludes diffs from a diff file"
msgstr "從一個 diff 檔案裡面提取或者排除 diff 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fixcvsdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fixcvsdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"fix diff files created by CVS that <citerefentry><refentrytitle>patch</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> mis-interprets"
msgstr ""
"修復由 CVS <citerefentry><refentrytitle>patch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 錯誤建立的 diff 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flipdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flipdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "exchange the order of two patches"
msgstr "交換兩個補丁的順序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grepdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grepdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show which files are modified by a patch matching a regex"
msgstr "顯示哪些檔案是由匹配正則表示式的補丁修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>interdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>interdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show differences between two unified diff files"
msgstr ""
"顯示在兩個統一格式 diff 檔案（基於同一個檔案的兩個不同 diff 檔案）之間的差異"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "show which files are modified by a patch"
msgstr "顯示哪些檔案由補丁修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>recountdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>recountdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "recompute counts and offsets in unified context diffs"
msgstr "重新計算通用內容 diff 檔案的數量和偏移"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rediff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rediff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "fix offsets and counts of a hand-edited diff"
msgstr "修復手工編輯 diff 檔案的數量和偏移"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>splitdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>splitdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "separate out incremental patches"
msgstr "隔離出增量補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>unwrapdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>unwrapdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "demangle patches that have been word-wrapped"
msgstr "識別已經被分詞的補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wiggle</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wiggle</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "apply rejected patches"
msgstr "應用被拒絕的補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>quilt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>quilt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "manage series of patches"
msgstr "管理系列補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>meld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>meld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compare and merge files (GTK)"
msgstr "比較和移植檔案(GTK)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dirdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dirdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display differences and merge changes between directory trees"
msgstr "顯示目錄樹之間的不同並移植改變"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>docdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>docdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "compare two files word by word / char by char"
msgstr "逐詞逐字的比較兩個檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>imediff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>imediff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "interactive full screen 2-way merge tool"
msgid "interactive full screen 2/3-way merge tool"
msgstr "全屏交付式雙向移植工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>makepatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>makepatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "generate extended patch files"
msgstr "生成擴充套件補丁檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>applypatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>applypatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "apply extended patch files"
msgstr "應用擴充套件補丁檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wdiff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display word differences between text files"
msgstr "在文字檔案中，顯示單詞的不同"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Extracting differences for source files"
msgstr "從原始碼檔案匯出差異"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following procedures extract differences between two source files and "
"create unified diff files \"<literal>file.patch0</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>file.patch1</literal>\" depending on the file location."
msgstr ""
"下面的操作，匯出兩個原始檔的不同，並根據檔案的位置，建立通用 diff 檔案"
"\"<literal>file.patch0</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>file.patch1</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ diff -u file.old file.new &gt; file.patch0\n"
"$ diff -u old/file new/file &gt; file.patch1"
msgstr ""
"$ diff -u file.old file.new &gt; file.patch0\n"
"$ diff -u old/file new/file &gt; file.patch1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Merging updates for source files"
msgstr "原始碼檔案移植更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The diff file (alternatively called patch file) is used to send a program "
"update.  The receiving party applies this update to another file by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"diff 檔案（通常被叫作 patch 補丁檔案），用於傳送一個程式更新。通過下面的方"
"式，接收到的部分，應用這個更新到其它檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ patch -p0 file &lt; file.patch0\n"
"$ patch -p1 file &lt; file.patch1"
msgstr ""
"$ patch -p0 file &lt; file.patch0\n"
"$ patch -p1 file &lt; file.patch1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Updating via 3-way-merge"
msgstr "通過三方移植進行更新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have three versions of a source code, you can perform 3-way-merge "
"effectively using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"如果一個原始碼，你有三個版本，你可以通過下面的方式，使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 高效執行三方移植。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ diff3 -m file.mine file.old file.yours &gt; file"
msgstr "$ diff3 -m file.mine file.old file.yours &gt; file"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Version control systems"
msgstr "版本控制系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a summary of the <ulink url=\"&versioncontrolsystemsvcs;\">version "
"control systems (VCS)</ulink> on the Debian system."
msgstr ""
"如下是 Debian 系統上可用的<ulink url=\"&versioncontrolsystemsvcs;\">版本控制"
"系統(VCS)</ulink> 的摘要。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you are new to VCS systems, you should start learning with <emphasis role="
"\"strong\">Git</emphasis>, which is growing fast in popularity."
msgstr ""
"如果是剛接觸版本控制系統，你應該從 <emphasis role=\"strong\">git</emphasis> "
"入門，git 人氣日益高漲。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of version control system tools"
msgstr "版本控制系統工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "VCS type"
msgstr "VCS 型別"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cssc;\">CSSC</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cssc;\">CSSC</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "local"
msgstr "本地"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "clone of the <ulink url=\"&unixsccs;\">Unix SCCS</ulink> (deprecated)"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&unixsccs;\">Unix SCCS</ulink> (過時)的克隆"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&rcs;\">RCS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&rcs;\">RCS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<ulink url=\"&unixsccs;\">Unix SCCS</ulink> done right\""
msgstr "\"比 <ulink url=\"&unixsccs;\">Unix SCCS</ulink> 做的好\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cvs;\">CVS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cvs;\">CVS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remote"
msgstr "遠端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "previous standard remote VCS"
msgstr "以前的遠端 VCS 標準"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&subversion;\">Subversion</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&subversion;\">Subversion</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"CVS done right\", the new de facto standard remote VCS"
msgstr "”比 CVS 做的好“，遠端 VCS 的新標準"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&git;\">Git</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&git;\">Git</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "distributed"
msgstr "分散式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "fast DVCS in C (used by the Linux kernel and others)"
msgstr "用 C 寫的快速 DVCS (被 Linux 核心和其他專案使用)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&mercurial;\">Mercurial</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&mercurial;\">Mercurial</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DVCS in Python and some C"
msgstr "mercurial 主要是用 Python 寫的還有一部分是 C 寫的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&bazaar;\">Bazaar</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&bazaar;\">Bazaar</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"DVCS influenced by <literal>tla</literal> written in Python (used by <ulink "
"url=\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"受 <literal>tla</literal> 啟發並且是用 Python 寫的 DVCS (被 <ulink url="
"\"&ubuntu;\">Ubuntu</ulink> 使用)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&darcs;\">Darcs</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&darcs;\">Darcs</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DVCS with smart algebra of patches (slow)"
msgstr "有智慧代數補丁的 DVCS（慢）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&gnuarch;\">GNU arch</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnuarch;\">GNU arch</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DVCS mainly by Tom Lord (Historic)"
msgstr "主要由 Tom Lord 寫的 DVCS (成為歷史的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&monotone;\">Monotone</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&monotone;\">Monotone</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DVCS in C++"
msgstr "用 C++ 寫的 DVCS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "CVS, …"
msgstr "CVS, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI display of VCS (CVS, Subversion, RCS) repository tree"
msgstr "VCS (CVS,Subversion,RCS) 儲存庫樹的圖形介面顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Git"
msgstr "Git"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI display of VCS (Git) repository tree"
msgstr "VCS (Git) 儲存庫樹的圖形介面顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"VCS is sometimes known as revision control system (RCS), or software "
"configuration management (SCM)."
msgstr "VCS 有時被認為是修訂控制系統 (RCS), 或者是軟體配置管理程式 (SCM)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Distributed VCS such as Git is the tool of choice these days.  CVS and "
"Subversion may still be useful to join some existing open source program "
"activities."
msgstr ""
"像 Git 這樣的分散式 VCS 是現在正在使用的工具。參加那些已經存在的開源軟體的開"
"發活動，掌握 CVS 和 Subversion 仍然是有用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Debian provides free VCS services via <ulink url=\"&debianaliothservice;"
#| "\">Debian Alioth service</ulink>.  It supports practically all VCSs. Its "
#| "documentation can be found at <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorgalioth;"
#| "\">http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth</ulink> ."
msgid ""
"Debian provides free Git services via <ulink url=\"&debiansalsaservice;"
"\">Debian Salsa service</ulink>.  Its documentation can be found at <ulink "
"url=\"&httpswikidebianorgsalsa;\">https://wiki.debian.org/Salsa</ulink> ."
msgstr ""
"通過 <ulink url=\"&debianaliothservice;\">Debian Alioth service</ulink>，"
"Debian 能夠提供免費的幾乎所有的 VCS 服務。在 <ulink url="
"\"&httpwikidebianorgalioth;\">http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth</ulink> 能找到它"
"的說明文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Debian has closed its old alioth services and the old alioth service data "
"are available at <ulink url=\"&aliotharchive;\">alioth-archive</ulink> as "
"tarballs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "There are few basics for creating a shared access VCS archive."
msgstr "這裡有一些關於建立共享訪問 VCS 歸檔的基礎知識。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Use \"<literal>umask 002</literal>\" (see <xref linkend="
"\"_control_of_permissions_for_newly_created_files_umask\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"使用 \"<literal>umask 002</literal>\" (參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_control_of_permissions_for_newly_created_files_umask\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Make all VCS archive files belonging to a pertinent group"
msgstr "使得所有的 VCS 歸檔檔案屬於一個相關的組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Enable set group ID on all VCS archive directories (BSD-like file creation "
"scheme, see <xref linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"能夠在所有的 VCS 歸檔目錄設定組 ID（類似 BSD 的檔案建立方案，參見<xref "
"linkend=\"_filesystem_permissions\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Make user sharing the VCS archive belonging to the group"
msgstr "使得屬於這個組的使用者能夠共享 VCS 歸檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Comparison of VCS commands"
msgstr "VCS 命令的比較"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an oversimplified comparison of native VCS commands to provide the "
"big picture. The typical command sequence may require options and arguments."
msgstr ""
"這裡有原生 VCS 命令的簡單比較來提供大圖概要。典型的命令序列需要選項和引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "Comparison of native VCS commands"
msgstr "本地 VCS 命令比較"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "CVS"
msgstr "CVS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Subversion"
msgstr "Subversion"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git init</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git init</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs init</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs init</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn create</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn create</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "create the (local) repository"
msgstr "建立(本地)儲存庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs login</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs login</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "login to the remote repository"
msgstr "登入遠端儲存庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git clone</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git clone</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs co</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs co</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn co</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn co</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "check out the remote repository as the working tree"
msgstr "簽出遠端儲存庫到本地工作目錄樹"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git pull</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git pull</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs up</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs up</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn up</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn up</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "update the working tree by merging the remote repository"
msgstr "通過合併遠端儲存庫來更新工作目錄樹"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git add .</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git add .</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs add</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs add</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn add</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn add</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "add file(s) in the working tree to the VCS"
msgstr "把工作目錄樹中的檔案新增到 VCS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git rm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git rm</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs rm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs rm</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn rm</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn rm</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove file(s) in working tree from the VCS"
msgstr "從 VCS 中移除工作目錄樹中的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs ci</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs ci</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn ci</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn ci</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "commit changes to the remote repository"
msgstr "提交改變到遠端儲存庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git commit -a</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git commit -a</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "commit changes to the local repository"
msgstr "提交改變到本地儲存庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git push</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git push</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "update the remote repository by the local repository"
msgstr "通過本地儲存庫來更新遠端儲存庫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git status</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git status</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs status</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs status</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn status</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn status</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display the working tree status from the VCS"
msgstr "從 VCS 中顯示工作目錄樹的狀態"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git diff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git diff</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>cvs diff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>cvs diff</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>svn diff</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>svn diff</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "diff &lt;reference_repository&gt; &lt;working_tree&gt;"
msgstr "比較&lt;參考儲存庫&gt;和&lt;工作目錄樹&gt;的差異"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>git repack -a -d; git prune</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>git repack -a -d; git prune</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "repack the local repository into single pack"
msgstr "重新打包本地倉庫到一個單獨的包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>gitk</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>gitk</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>tkcvs</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>tkcvs</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI display of VCS repository tree"
msgstr "VCS 儲存庫樹的圖形介面顯示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"Invoking a <literal>git</literal> subcommand directly as \"<literal>git-xyz</"
"literal>\" from the command line has been deprecated since early 2006."
msgstr ""
"從命令列通過 \"<literal>git-xyz</literal>\" 直接呼叫 <literal>git</literal> "
"子命令的方式，從 2006 年早期開始就被取消。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"If there is a executable file <literal>git-foo</literal> in the path "
"specified by <literal>$PATH</literal>, entring \"<literal>git foo</literal>"
"\" without hyphen to the command line invokes this <literal>git-foo</"
"literal>.  This is a feature of the <literal>git</literal> command."
msgstr ""
"如果有一個可執行檔案 <literal>git-foo</literal> 在路徑環境變數 <literal>"
"$PATH</literal> 裡面,在命令列輸入沒有中劃線的 \"<literal>git foo</literal>"
"\"，則將呼叫 <literal>git-foo</literal>.這是 <literal>git</literal> 命令的一"
"個特性."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"GUI tools such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tkcvs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> really help you with tracking revision history of files.  The "
"web interface provided by many public archives for browsing their "
"repositories is also quite useful, too."
msgstr ""
"例如 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tkcvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 這樣的圖形介面工具有助"
"於追蹤檔案的修改歷史。許多公共的歸檔提供的用於瀏覽它們的儲存庫的 web 介面同樣"
"是很有用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Git can work directly with different VCS repositories such as ones provided "
"by CVS and Subversion, and provides the local repository for local changes "
"with <literal>git-cvs</literal> and <literal>git-svn</literal> packages.  "
"See <ulink url=\"&gitforcvsusers;\">git for CVS users</ulink>, and <xref "
"linkend=\"_git_for_the_subversion_repository\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Git 能夠直接在不同的 VCS 倉庫上工作，比如說 CVS 和 Subversion 提供的倉庫, 通"
"過 <literal>git-cvs</literal> 和 <literal>git-svn</literal> 軟體包提供本地倉"
"庫的本地改變.參見 <ulink url=\"&gitforcvsusers;\">用於 CVS 使用者的 git</"
"ulink> 和 <xref linkend=\"_git_for_the_subversion_repository\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Git has commands which have no equivalents in CVS and Subversion: \"fetch\", "
"\"rebase\", \"cherry-pick\", …"
msgstr ""
"Git 中的有些命令在 CVS 和 Subversion 中並沒有對應的命令：\"fetch\",\"rebase"
"\",\"cherry-pick\", …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Git can do everything for both local and remote source code management.  "
"This means that you can record the source code changes without needing "
"network connectivity to the remote repository."
msgstr ""
"Git 可以用來做本地和遠程源代碼管理的任何事情。這意味着，你能夠在本地記錄源代"
"碼修改，而不是必須要和遠程倉庫有網絡連接。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Configuration of Git client"
msgstr "配置 Git 客戶端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may wish to set several global configuration in \"<literal>~/.gitconfig</"
"literal>\" such as your name and email address used by Git by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以在 \"<literal>~/.gitconfig</literal>\" 裏面設置幾個 Git 接下來需要使用"
"的全局配置，比如說你的名字和電子郵件地址。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ git config --global user.name \"Name Surname\"\n"
"$ git config --global user.email yourname@example.com"
msgstr ""
"$ git config --global user.name \"姓名\"\n"
"$ git config --global user.email 電子郵件地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are too used to CVS or Subversion commands, you may wish to set "
"several command aliases by the following."
msgstr ""
"如果你習慣使用  CVS 或 Subversion 命令，你也許希望設置如下幾個命令別名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ git config --global alias.ci \"commit -a\"\n"
"$ git config --global alias.co checkout"
msgstr ""
"$ git config --global alias.ci \"commit -a\"\n"
"$ git config --global alias.co checkout"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can check your global configuration by the following."
msgstr "你能夠通過如下方式檢查你的整體組態。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ git config --global --list"
msgstr "$ git config --global --list"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Git references"
msgstr "Git 參考"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&manpagegitb;\">manpage: git(1)</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/git-doc/git.html</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&manpagegitb;\">man 手冊： git(1)</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/git-doc/git.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gitusersmanual;\">Git User's Manual</ulink> (<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/git-doc/user-manual.html</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gitusersmanual;\">Git 用戶手冊</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/git-doc/user-manual.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&atutorialintroductiontogit;\">A tutorial introduction to git</"
"ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/git-doc/gittutorial.html</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&atutorialintroductiontogit;\">git 介紹教程</ulink> (<literal>/"
"usr/share/doc/git-doc/gittutorial.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&atutorialintrodutiontogitparttwo;\">A tutorial introduction to "
"git: part two</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/git-doc/gittutorial-2.html</"
"literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&atutorialintrodutiontogitparttwo;\">git 介紹教程：第二部 </"
"ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/git-doc/gittutorial-2.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&everydaygitwithcacommandsorso;\">Everyday GIT With 20 Commands "
"Or So</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/git-doc/everyday.html</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&everydaygitwithcacommandsorso;\">GIT 每一天 20個左右的命令</"
"ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/git-doc/everyday.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gitforcvsusers;\">git for CVS users</ulink> (<literal>/usr/"
"share/doc/git-doc/gitcvs-migration.html</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gitforcvsusers;\">CVS 用戶用 git </ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/"
"doc/git-doc/gitcvs-migration.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This also describes how to set up server like CVS and extract old data from "
"CVS into Git."
msgstr "描述了怎樣搭建服務，以及如何把老的數據從 CVS 遷移到 Git。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&othergitresourcevailableontheweb;\">Other git resources "
"available on the web</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&othergitresourcevailableontheweb;\">其它在互聯網上存在的 git 資"
"源</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&gitsvncrashcourse;\">Git - SVN Crash Course</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gitsvncrashcourse;\">Git - SVN 碰撞課程</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gitmagic;\">Git Magic</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"gitmagic/html/index.html</literal>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gitmagic;\">Git 魔術</ulink> (<literal>/usr/share/doc/gitmagic/"
"html/index.html</literal>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-gui</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands make using "
"Git very easy."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-gui</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令使 Git 變得非常容易"
"使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use the tag string with spaces in it even if some tools such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> allow you to use it.  It may choke some other <literal>git</"
"literal> commands."
msgstr ""
"不要使用帶空格的標簽字符串。即使一些工具，如 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 允許你使用它，但會阻礙其它 <literal>git</literal> 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Git commands"
msgstr "Git 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even if your upstream uses different VCS, it may be a good idea to use "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for local activity since you can manage your local copy of "
"source tree without the network connection to the upstream.  Here are some "
"packages and commands used with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"即使你的上游使用不同的版本控制系統，使用  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 作爲本地活動的版本控制"
"系統，仍然是一個好的主意，因爲 git 可以讓你在沒有上遊網絡連接的情況下，管理你"
"的本地源代碼樹拷貝。這裏有一些  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 使用的包和命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of git related packages and commands"
msgstr "git 相關包和命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "official documentation for Git"
msgstr "Git 官方文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"Git Magic\", easier to understand guide for Git"
msgstr "\"Git 魔術\"，易於理解的 Git 手冊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Git, the fast, scalable, distributed revision control system"
msgstr "Git 快速、可擴展、分佈式的版本控制系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gitk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI Git repository browser with history"
msgstr "有歷史功能的 Git 圖形倉庫瀏覽器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-gui</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-gui</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GUI for Git (No history)"
msgstr "Git 圖形界面（無歷史功能）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-svnimport</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-svnimport</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "import the data out of Subversion into Git"
msgstr "從 Subversion 導出數據，導入到 Git"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-svn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-svn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "provide bidirectional operation between the Subversion and Git"
msgstr "在 Subversion 和 Git 之間提供雙向操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cvsimport</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cvsimport</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "import the data out of CVS into Git"
msgstr "從 CVS 導出數據，導入到 Git"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cvsexportcommit</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cvsexportcommit</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "export a commit to a CVS checkout from Git"
msgstr "從 Git 中檢出一個 CVS 的提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cvsserver</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cvsserver</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "CVS server emulator for Git"
msgstr "Git 的 CVS 服務模擬器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-send-email</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-send-email</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "send a collection of patches as email from the Git"
msgstr "從 Git 用電子郵件發送收集到的補丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>stg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>stg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "quilt on top of git (Python)"
msgstr "封裝的 git (Python)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-buildpackage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-buildpackage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "automate the Debian packaging with the Git"
msgstr "用 Git 自動製作 Debian 包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>guilt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>guilt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "quilt on top of git (SH/AWK/SED/…)"
msgstr "封裝的 git (SH/AWK/SED/…)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"With <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, you work on a local branch with many commits and "
"use something like \"<literal>git rebase -i master</literal>\" to reorganize "
"change history later. This enables you to make clean change history.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-rebase</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cherry-pick</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 下,你在本地分支下進行了許多提交，稍後你可以使用 \"<literal>git "
"rebase -i master</literal>\" 之類的命令來重新組織改變歷史。這可以使你製作一個"
"乾淨的改變歷史。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-rebase</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-cherry-pick</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"When you want to go back to a clean working directory without loosing the "
"current state of the working directory, you can use \"<literal>git stash</"
"literal>\".  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-stash</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"當你想要回到一個乾淨的工作目錄，並且不丟失工作目錄當前的狀態，你可以使用 "
"\"<literal>git stash</literal>\".參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>git-"
"stash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Git for the Subversion repository"
msgstr "用於 Subversion 倉庫的 Git"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can check out a Subversion repository at \"<literal>svn+ssh://svn."
"example.org/project/module/trunk</literal>\" to a local Git repository at "
"\"<literal>./dest</literal>\" and commit back to the Subversion repository.  "
"E.g.:"
msgstr ""
"你可以把 \"<literal>svn+ssh://svn.example.org/project/module/trunk</literal>"
"\" 的 Subversion 典藏所檢出到在地 Git 典藏所的 \"<literal>./dest</literal>\" "
"並把修改提交回 Subversion 典藏所。例如："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ git svn clone -s -rHEAD svn+ssh://svn.example.org/project dest\n"
"$ cd dest\n"
"... make changes\n"
"$ git commit -a\n"
"... keep working locally with git\n"
"$ git svn dcommit"
msgstr ""
"$ git svn clone -s -rHEAD svn+ssh://svn.example.org/project dest\n"
"$ cd dest\n"
"... 進行修改\n"
"$ git commit -a\n"
"... 繼續在本地用 git 工作\n"
"$ git svn dcommit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The use of \"<literal>-rHEAD</literal>\" enables us to avoid cloning entire "
"historical contents from the Subversion repository."
msgstr ""
"使用 \"<literal>-rHEAD</literal>\" 能夠避免克隆從 Subversion 倉庫來的整個歷史"
"內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Git for recording configuration history"
msgstr "記錄配置歷史的 Git"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can manually record chronological history of configuration using <ulink "
"url=\"&git;\">Git</ulink> tools.  Here is a simple example for your practice "
"to record \"<literal>/etc/apt/</literal>\" contents."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <ulink url=\"&git;\">Git</ulink> 工具來手工記錄按時間先後順序的配"
"置歷史。這裏是一個例子，讓你練習記錄\"<literal>/etc/apt/</literal>\" 內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd /etc/apt/\n"
"$ sudo git init\n"
"$ sudo chmod 700 .git\n"
"$ sudo git add .\n"
"$ sudo git commit -a"
msgstr ""
"$ cd /etc/apt/\n"
"$ sudo git init\n"
"$ sudo chmod 700 .git\n"
"$ sudo git add .\n"
"$ sudo git commit -a"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Commit configuration with description."
msgstr "提交配置，描述此次提交。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Make modification to the configuration files."
msgstr "對配置文件進行修改。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd /etc/apt/\n"
"$ sudo git commit -a"
msgstr ""
"$ cd /etc/apt/\n"
"$ sudo git commit -a"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Commit configuration with description and continue your life."
msgstr "提交配置，說明提交，繼續你的工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd /etc/apt/\n"
"$ sudo gitk --all"
msgstr ""
"$ cd /etc/apt/\n"
"$ sudo gitk --all"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You have full configuration history with you."
msgstr "你有全部的配置歷史。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is needed to work with any file permissions of configuration "
"data.  For user configuration data, you may skip <literal>sudo</literal>."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是需要用於配置數據文件，任意文件權限的情況。 對於普通用戶的配置"
"數據，你需要省略 <literal>sudo</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>chmod 700 .git</literal>\" command in the above example is "
"needed to protect archive data from unauthorized read access."
msgstr ""
"在上面例子裏的 \"<literal>chmod 700 .git</literal>\" 命令，是用來保護文檔數據"
"不被未經授權的讀訪問。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For more complete setup for recording configuration history, please look for "
"the <literal>etckeeper</literal> package: <xref linkend="
"\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/>."
msgstr ""
"要更加完整的建立配置歷史記錄，請參閱 <literal> etckeeper</literal>  包： "
"<xref linkend=\"_recording_changes_in_configuration_files\"/> 。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> is not file creation time."
msgid ""
"CVS is an <emphasis role=\"strong\">older</emphasis> version control system "
"before Subversion and Git."
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">ctime</emphasis> 不是文件創建時間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><caution><para>
msgid "Many URLs found in the below examples for CVS don't exist any more."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/cvs/html-cvsclient</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/cvs/html-cvsclient</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/cvs/html-info</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/cvs/html-info</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/cvsbook</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/cvsbook</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>info cvs</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>info cvs</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Configuration of CVS repository"
msgstr "CVS 儲存庫的配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following configuration allows commits to the CVS repository only by a "
"member of the \"<literal>src</literal>\" group, and administration of CVS "
"only by a member of the \"<literal>staff</literal>\" group, thus reducing "
"the chance of shooting oneself."
msgstr ""
"如下的配置將只允許 \"<literal>src</literal>\" 組的成員向 CVS 儲存庫提交修"
"改 ，只允許 \"<literal>staff</literal>\" 組的成員管理 CVS，這樣可以減少出錯的"
"機會。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /var/lib; umask 002; mkdir cvs\n"
"# export CVSROOT=/srv/cvs/project\n"
"# cd $CVSROOT\n"
"# chown root:src .\n"
"# chmod 2775 .\n"
"# cvs -d $CVSROOT init\n"
"# cd CVSROOT\n"
"# chown -R root:staff .\n"
"# chmod 2775 .\n"
"# touch val-tags\n"
"# chmod 664 history val-tags\n"
"# chown root:src history val-tags"
msgstr ""
"# cd /var/lib; umask 002; mkdir cvs\n"
"# export CVSROOT=/srv/cvs/project\n"
"# cd $CVSROOT\n"
"# chown root:src .\n"
"# chmod 2775 .\n"
"# cvs -d $CVSROOT init\n"
"# cd CVSROOT\n"
"# chown -R root:staff .\n"
"# chmod 2775 .\n"
"# touch val-tags\n"
"# chmod 664 history val-tags\n"
"# chown root:src history val-tags"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You may restrict creation of new project by changing the owner of \"<literal>"
"$CVSROOT</literal>\" directory to \"<literal>root:staff</literal>\" and its "
"permission to \"<literal>3775</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你可以改變 \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" 目錄為 \"<literal>root:staff</"
"literal>\" 並把它的許可權設定為 \"<literal>3775</literal>\"，這樣就可以限制建"
"立新的專案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Local access to CVS"
msgstr "本地訪問 CVS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default CVS repository is pointed by \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\".  "
"The following sets up \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the local access."
msgstr ""
"預設的 CVS 儲存庫由 \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" 指定。如下將建立用於本地"
"訪問的 \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ export CVSROOT=/srv/cvs/project"
msgstr "$ export CVSROOT=/srv/cvs/project"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Remote access to CVS with pserver"
msgstr "使用 pserver 遠端訪問 CVS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Many public CVS servers provide read-only remote access to them with "
#| "account name \"<literal>anonymous</literal>\" via pserver service.  For "
#| "example, Debian web site contents are maintained by <ulink url="
#| "\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> via CVS at Debian alioth "
#| "service.  The following sets up \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the "
#| "remote access to this CVS repository."
msgid ""
"Many public CVS servers provide read-only remote access to them with account "
"name \"<literal>anonymous</literal>\" via pserver service.  For example, "
"Debian web site contents were maintained by <ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;"
"\">webwml project</ulink> via CVS at Debian alioth service.  The following "
"was used to set up \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the remote access to "
"this old CVS repository."
msgstr ""
"許多公共 CVS 伺服器可以通過 pserver 服務用 \"<literal>anonymous</literal>\" "
"賬戶遠端只讀訪問。例如，Debian 網站的內容是 <ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;"
"\">webwml project</ulink> 通過 Debian alioth 服務中的 CVS 來維護。如下將建立"
"用於遠端訪問 CVS 儲存庫的 \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ export CVSROOT=:pserver:anonymous@anonscm.debian.org:/cvs/webwml\n"
"$ cvs login"
msgstr ""
"$ export CVSROOT=:pserver:anonymous@anonscm.debian.org:/cvs/webwml\n"
"$ cvs login"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Since pserver is prone to eavesdropping attack and insecure, write access is "
"usually disable by server administrators."
msgstr ""
"因為 pserver 容易被竊聽攻擊並且是不安全的，所以寫訪問通常是被伺服器管理員禁用"
"的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Remote access to CVS with ssh"
msgstr "使用 ssh 遠端訪問 CVS"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The following sets up \"<literal>$CVS_RSH</literal>\" and \"<literal>"
#| "$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the remote access to the CVS repository by "
#| "<ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> with SSH."
msgid ""
"The following was used to set up \"<literal>$CVS_RSH</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the remote access to the old CVS "
"repository by <ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> with SSH."
msgstr ""
"如下所示將建立 <ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> 使用 "
"SSH 遠端訪問 CVS 儲存庫所需的 \"<literal>$CVS_RSH</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>"
"$CVSROOT</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ export CVS_RSH=ssh\n"
"$ export CVSROOT=:ext:account@cvs.alioth.debian.org:/cvs/webwml"
msgstr ""
"$ export CVS_RSH=ssh\n"
"$ export CVSROOT=:ext:account@cvs.alioth.debian.org:/cvs/webwml"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can also use public key authentication for SSH which eliminates the "
"remote password prompt."
msgstr "你也可以使用 SSH 的公鑰認證，這能夠去除遠端密碼提示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Importing a new source to CVS"
msgstr "往 CVS 匯入新的源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create a new local source tree location at \"<literal>~/path/to/module1</"
"literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示建立 \"<literal>~/path/to/module1</literal>\" 路徑下的新的本地源目"
"錄樹。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ mkdir -p ~/path/to/module1; cd ~/path/to/module1"
msgstr "$ mkdir -p ~/path/to/module1; cd ~/path/to/module1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Populate a new local source tree under \"<literal>~/path/to/module1</literal>"
"\" with files."
msgstr ""
"把檔案新增到 \"<literal>~/path/to/module1</literal>\" 下的新的本地源目錄樹。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Import it to CVS with the following parameters."
msgstr "使用如下的引數把檔案匯入到 CVS。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Module name: \"<literal>module1</literal>\""
msgstr "模組名: \"<literal>module1</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Vendor tag: \"<literal>Main-branch</literal>\" (tag for the entire branch)"
msgstr "提供商標籤： \"<literal>Main-branch</literal>\" （用於整個分支的標籤）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Release tag: \"<literal>Release-initial</literal>\" (tag for a specific "
"release)"
msgstr ""
"釋出標籤： \"<literal>Release-initial</literal>\" （用於特定釋出版本的標籤）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd ~/path/to/module1\n"
"$ cvs import -m \"Start module1\" module1 Main-branch Release-initial\n"
"$ rm -Rf . # optional"
msgstr ""
"$ cd ~/path/to/module1\n"
"$ cvs import -m \"Start module1\" module1 Main-branch Release-initial\n"
"$ rm -Rf . # optional"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "File permissions in CVS repository"
msgstr "CVS 儲存庫中的檔案許可權"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"CVS does not overwrite the current repository file but replaces it with "
"another one.  Thus, write permission to the repository directory is "
"critical.  For every new module for \"<literal>module1</literal>\" in "
"repository at \"<literal>/srv/cvs/project</literal>\", run the following to "
"ensure this condition if needed."
msgstr ""
"CVS 不會覆蓋當前的儲存庫檔案，只是用另外的檔案來替代它。因此，儲存庫目錄的寫"
"許可權是很重要的。儲存庫位於 \"<literal>/srv/cvs/project</literal>\" 的 "
"\"<literal>module1</literal>\"，對於其下的每一個新模組而言，如果需要的話執行"
"如下所示的來確保這種情況。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /srv/cvs/project\n"
"# chown -R root:src module1\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX   module1\n"
"# chmod    2775     module1"
msgstr ""
"# cd /srv/cvs/project\n"
"# chown -R root:src module1\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX   module1\n"
"# chmod    2775     module1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Work flow of CVS"
msgstr "CVS 工作流"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Here is an example of typical work flow using CVS."
msgstr "這裡有一個 CVS 典型工作流的例子。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Check all available modules from CVS project pointed by \"<literal>$CVSROOT</"
"literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示檢視 \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" 所指的 CVS 專案上所有可用的模"
"組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cvs rls\n"
"CVSROOT\n"
"module1\n"
"module2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ cvs rls\n"
"CVSROOT\n"
"module1\n"
"module2\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Checkout \"<literal>module1</literal>\" to its default directory "
"\"<literal>./module1</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示簽出 \"<literal>module1</literal>\" 到預設的目錄 \"<literal>./"
"module1</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ cvs co module1\n"
"$ cd module1"
msgstr ""
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ cvs co module1\n"
"$ cd module1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Make changes to the content as needed."
msgstr "按需修改裡面的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Check changes by making \"<literal>diff -u [repository] [local]</literal>\" "
"equivalent by the following."
msgstr ""
"通過如下所示的命令來檢查改變，其作用相當於使用 \"<literal>diff -u "
"[repository] [local]</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs diff -u"
msgstr "$ cvs diff -u"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You find that you broke some file \"<literal>file_to_undo</literal>\" "
"severely but other files are fine."
msgstr ""
"你發現自己改壞了 \"<literal>file_to_undo</literal>\" 檔案，而其他的檔案都是好"
"的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Overwrite \"<literal>file_to_undo</literal>\" file with the clean copy from "
"CVS by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示用 CVS 中的原始副本覆蓋 \"<literal>file_to_undo</literal>\" 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs up -C file_to_undo"
msgstr "$ cvs up -C file_to_undo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Save the updated local source tree to CVS by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示把更新了的本地源目錄樹儲存到 CVS。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs ci -m \"Describe change\""
msgstr "$ cvs ci -m \"Describe change\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create and add \"<literal>file_to_add</literal>\" file to CVS by the "
"following."
msgstr "按如下建立並新增 \"<literal>file_to_add</literal>\" 檔案到 CVS。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ vi file_to_add\n"
"$ cvs add file_to_add\n"
"$ cvs ci -m \"Added file_to_add\""
msgstr ""
"$ vi file_to_add\n"
"$ cvs add file_to_add\n"
"$ cvs ci -m \"Added file_to_add\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Merge the latest version from CVS by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示合併 CVS 中的最新版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs up -d"
msgstr "$ cvs up -d"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Watch out for lines starting with \"<literal>C filename</literal>\" which "
"indicates conflicting changes."
msgstr ""
"當心以 \"<literal>C filename</literal>\" 開頭的行，這意味著衝突的改變。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Look for unmodified code in \"<literal>.#filename.version</literal>\"."
msgstr "檢視 \"<literal>.#filename.version</literal>\" 中未經修改的程式碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Search for \"<literal>&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;</literal>\" in files for conflicting "
"changes."
msgstr ""
"查詢檔案中的 \"<literal>&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;</literal>\" 來獲得衝突的改變的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Edit files to fix conflicts as needed."
msgstr "按需更改檔案來解決衝突。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Add a release tag \"<literal>Release-1</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示新增一個釋出標籤 \"<literal>Release-1</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cvs ci -m \"last commit for Release-1\"\n"
"$ cvs tag Release-1"
msgstr ""
"$ cvs ci -m \"last commit for Release-1\"\n"
"$ cvs tag Release-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Edit further."
msgstr "繼續編輯檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Remove the release tag \"<literal>Release-1</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示移除釋出分支 \"<literal>Release-1</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs tag -d Release-1"
msgstr "$ cvs tag -d Release-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Check in changes to CVS by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示把改變簽入到 CVS。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs ci -m \"real last commit for Release-1\""
msgstr "$ cvs ci -m \"real last commit for Release-1\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Re-add the release tag \"<literal>Release-1</literal>\" to updated CVS HEAD "
"of main by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示給已經更新了的 CVS 主幹中的 HEAD 重新新增 \"<literal>Release-1</"
"literal>\" 釋出標籤。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs tag Release-1"
msgstr "$ cvs tag Release-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create a branch with a sticky branch tag \"<literal>Release-initial-"
"bugfixes</literal>\" from the original version pointed by the tag "
"\"<literal>Release-initial</literal>\" and check it out to \"<literal>~/path/"
"to/old</literal>\" directory by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示從 \"<literal>Release-initial</literal>\" 標籤指向的初始版本中建立"
"一個帶有粘性標籤的 \"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" 分支，並把"
"它簽出到 \"<literal>~/path/to/old</literal>\" 目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cvs rtag -b -r Release-initial Release-initial-bugfixes module1\n"
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ cvs co -r Release-initial-bugfixes -d old module1\n"
"$ cd old"
msgstr ""
"$ cvs rtag -b -r Release-initial Release-initial-bugfixes module1\n"
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ cvs co -r Release-initial-bugfixes -d old module1\n"
"$ cd old"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use \"<literal>-D 2005-12-20</literal>\" (<ulink url=\"&isoigab;\">ISO 8601</"
"ulink> date format) instead of \"<literal>-r Release-initial</literal>\" to "
"specify particular date as the branch point."
msgstr ""
"使用 \"<literal>-D 2005-12-20</literal>\" (<ulink url=\"&isoigab;\">ISO "
"8601</ulink> 日期格式) 而不是 \"<literal>-r Release-initial</literal>\" 來指"
"定某個特定日期作為分支點。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Work on this local source tree having the sticky tag \"<literal>Release-"
"initial-bugfixes</literal>\" which is based on the original version."
msgstr ""
"在基於原始版本的有 \"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" 粘性標籤的"
"本地源目錄樹上工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Work on this branch by yourself … until someone else joins to this "
"\"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" branch."
msgstr ""
"獨自在 \"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" 分支上工作...直到有其"
"他人加入到此分支。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Sync with files modified by others on this branch while creating new "
"directories as needed by the following."
msgstr "當要建立新的目錄時，按如下所示同步其他人在此分支上對檔案所做的修改。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs ci -m \"checked into this branch\""
msgstr "$ cvs ci -m \"checked into this branch\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Update the local tree by HEAD of main while removing sticky tag (\"<literal>-"
"A</literal>\") and without keyword expansion (\"<literal>-kk</literal>\") by "
"the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示更新本地目錄樹為主幹的最新版本，同時移除粘性標籤 (\"<literal>-A</"
"literal>\") 並且不使用關鍵字擴充套件 (\"<literal>-kk</literal>\")。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs up -d -kk -A"
msgstr "$ cvs up -d -kk -A"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Update the local tree (content = HEAD of main) by merging from the "
"\"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" branch and without keyword "
"expansion by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示通過合併 \"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" 分支並且不"
"使用關鍵字擴充套件的方式來更新本地目錄樹 (內容為主幹中的最新版本)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs up -d -kk -j Release-initial-bugfixes"
msgstr "$ cvs up -d -kk -j Release-initial-bugfixes"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Fix conflicts with editor."
msgstr "用編輯器來解決衝突。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs ci -m \"merged Release-initial-bugfixes\""
msgstr "$ cvs ci -m \"merged Release-initial-bugfixes\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Make archive by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示建立歸檔。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd ..\n"
"$ mv old old-module1-bugfixes\n"
"$ tar -cvzf old-module1-bugfixes.tar.gz old-module1-bugfixes\n"
"$ rm -rf old-module1-bugfixes"
msgstr ""
"$ cd ..\n"
"$ mv old old-module1-bugfixes\n"
"$ tar -cvzf old-module1-bugfixes.tar.gz old-module1-bugfixes\n"
"$ rm -rf old-module1-bugfixes"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>cvs up</literal>\" command can take \"<literal>-d</literal>\" "
"option to create new directories and \"<literal>-P</literal>\" option to "
"prune empty directories."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>cvs up</literal>\" 命令能夠使用 \"<literal>-d</literal>\" 選項來建"
"立新目錄並且可以使用 \"<literal>-P</literal>\" 選項來刪除空目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can checkout only a sub directory of \"<literal>module1</literal>\" by "
"providing its name as \"<literal>cvs co module1/subdir</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過形如 \"<literal>cvs co module1/subdir</literal>\" 這樣的列出其名的"
"方式，來簽出 \"<literal>module1</literal>\" 的一個子目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"Notable options for CVS commands (use as first argument(s) to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cvs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"值得注意的 CVS 命令選項 (用作 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cvs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的第一個選項)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "option"
msgstr "選項"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-n</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-n</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "dry run, no effect"
msgstr "測試，沒有影響"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-t</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-t</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display messages showing steps of cvs activity"
msgstr "顯示 cvs 活動步驟的資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Latest files from CVS"
msgstr "CVS 中最新的檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To get the latest files from CVS, use \"<literal>tomorrow</literal>\" by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示使用 \"<literal>tomorrow</literal>\" 選項，就能得到 CVS 中的最新檔"
"案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ cvs ex -D tomorrow module_name"
msgstr "$ cvs ex -D tomorrow module_name"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Administration of CVS"
msgstr "CVS 的管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Add module alias \"<literal>mx</literal>\" to a CVS project (local server) "
"by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示往 CVS 專案 (本地伺服器) 裡新增 \"<literal>mx</literal>\" 模組別"
"名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ export CVSROOT=/srv/cvs/project\n"
"$ cvs co CVSROOT/modules\n"
"$ cd CVSROOT\n"
"$ echo \"mx -a module1\" &gt;&gt;modules\n"
"$ cvs ci -m \"Now mx is an alias for module1\"\n"
"$ cvs release -d ."
msgstr ""
"$ export CVSROOT=/srv/cvs/project\n"
"$ cvs co CVSROOT/modules\n"
"$ cd CVSROOT\n"
"$ echo \"mx -a module1\" &gt;&gt;modules\n"
"$ cvs ci -m \"Now mx is an alias for module1\"\n"
"$ cvs release -d ."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now, you can check out \"<literal>module1</literal>\" (alias: \"<literal>mx</"
"literal>\") from CVS to \"<literal>new</literal>\" directory by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示，你可以從 CVS 中籤出 \"<literal>module1</literal>\" (別名為: "
"\"<literal>mx</literal>\") 到 \"<literal>new</literal>\" 目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cvs co -d new mx\n"
"$ cd new"
msgstr ""
"$ cvs co -d new mx\n"
"$ cd new"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"In order to perform above procedure, you should have appropriate file "
"permissions."
msgstr "為了執行上述步驟，你應當有合適的檔案許可權。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Execution bit for CVS checkout"
msgstr "用於 CVS 簽出時的可執行位"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you checkout files from CVS, their execution permission bit is retained."
msgstr "當你從 CVS 中籤出文件時，它們的可執行許可權是保留的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Whenever you see execution permission problems in a checked out file, e.g. "
"\"<literal>filename</literal>\", change its permission in the corresponding "
"CVS repository by the following to fix it."
msgstr ""
"當你發現在簽出的形如 \"<literal>filename</literal>\" 這樣的檔案中，可執行許可"
"權有問題時，按如下所示在相應的 CVS 儲存庫中改變檔案的許可權來解決這個問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# chmod ugo-x filename"
msgstr "# chmod ugo-x filename"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Subversion is a <emphasis role=\"strong\">recent-generation</emphasis> "
#| "version control system replacing older CVS.  It has most of CVS's "
#| "features except tags and branches."
msgid ""
"Subversion is an <emphasis role=\"strong\">older</emphasis> version control "
"system before Git but after CVS.  It lacks tagging and branching features "
"found in CVS and Git."
msgstr ""
"Subversion 是替代舊的 CVS 的<emphasis role=\"strong\">近代</emphasis>版本控制"
"系統。除了標籤和分支以外，它也擁有 CVS 的絕大多數特性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "You need to install <literal>subversion</literal>, <literal>libapache2-"
#| "svn</literal> and <literal>subversion-tools</literal> packages to set up "
#| "a Subversion server."
msgid ""
"You need to install <literal>subversion</literal>, <literal>libapache2-mod-"
"svn</literal> and <literal>subversion-tools</literal> packages to set up a "
"Subversion server."
msgstr ""
"你需要安裝 <literal>subversion</literal>，<literal>libapache2-svn</literal> "
"和 <literal>subversion-tools</literal> 軟體包來搭建 Subversion 伺服器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Configuration of Subversion repository"
msgstr "Subversion 儲存庫的配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Currently, the <literal>subversion</literal> package does not set up a "
"repository, so one must set it up manually.  One possible location for a "
"repository is in \"<literal>/srv/svn/project</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>subversion</literal> 軟體包通常不會自動建立儲存庫，所以你必須手動搭"
"建它。儲存庫可能的位置是在 \"<literal>/srv/svn/project</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Create a directory by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示建立目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mkdir -p        /srv/svn/project"
msgstr "# mkdir -p        /srv/svn/project"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Create the repository database by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示建立儲存庫資料庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# svnadmin create /srv/svn/project"
msgstr "# svnadmin create /srv/svn/project"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Access to Subversion via Apache2 server"
msgstr "通過 Apache2 伺服器訪問 Subversion"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you only access Subversion repository via Apache2 server, you just need "
"to make the repository only writable by the WWW server by the following."
msgstr ""
"如果只是用 Apache2 伺服器訪問 Subversion 儲存庫，你只需按如下所示的使儲存庫只"
"是對於 WWW 伺服器是可寫的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# chown -R www-data:www-data /srv/svn/project"
msgstr "# chown -R www-data:www-data /srv/svn/project"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Add (or uncomment) the following in \"<literal>/etc/apache2/mods-available/"
"dav_svn.conf</literal>\" to allow access to the repository via user "
"authentication."
msgstr ""
"在 \"<literal>/etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_svn.conf</literal>\" 中新增 (或"
"取消註釋) 如下所示的來允許通過使用者認證訪問儲存庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"&lt;Location /project&gt;\n"
"  DAV svn\n"
"  SVNPath /srv/svn/project\n"
"  AuthType Basic\n"
"  AuthName \"Subversion repository\"\n"
"  AuthUserFile /etc/subversion/passwd\n"
"&lt;LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT&gt;\n"
"    Require valid-user\n"
"&lt;/LimitExcept&gt;\n"
"&lt;/Location&gt;"
msgstr ""
"&lt;Location /project&gt;\n"
"  DAV svn\n"
"  SVNPath /srv/svn/project\n"
"  AuthType Basic\n"
"  AuthName \"Subversion repository\"\n"
"  AuthUserFile /etc/subversion/passwd\n"
"&lt;LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT&gt;\n"
"    Require valid-user\n"
"&lt;/LimitExcept&gt;\n"
"&lt;/Location&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Create a user authentication file with the command by the following."
msgstr "用如下所示的命令建立使用者認證檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# htpasswd2 -c /etc/subversion/passwd some-username"
msgstr "# htpasswd2 -c /etc/subversion/passwd some-username"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Restart Apache2."
msgstr "重啟 Apache2。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Your new Subversion repository is accessible at URL \"<literal>http://"
"localhost/project</literal>\" and \"<literal>http://example.com/project</"
"literal>\" from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (assuming your URL of "
"web server is \"<literal>http://example.com/</literal>\")."
msgstr ""
"通過 \"<literal>http://localhost/project</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>http://"
"example.com/project</literal>\" URL 來訪問 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 中的 Subversion 儲存庫"
"(假設你的 web 伺服器的 URL 為 \"<literal>http://example.com/</literal>\")。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Local access to Subversion by group"
msgstr "按組本地訪問 Subversion"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following sets up Subversion repository for the local access by a group, "
"e.g. <literal>project</literal>."
msgstr ""
"如下所示將建立使用者組，例如 <literal>project</literal>，可以本地訪問的 "
"Subversion 儲存庫。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chmod  2775     /srv/svn/project\n"
"# chown -R root:src /srv/svn/project\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX   /srv/svn/project"
msgstr ""
"# chmod  2775     /srv/svn/project\n"
"# chown -R root:src /srv/svn/project\n"
"# chmod -R ug+rwX   /srv/svn/project"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Your new Subversion repository is group accessible at URL \"<literal>file:///"
"localhost/srv/svn/project</literal>\" or \"<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</"
"literal>\" from <citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for local users "
"belonging to <literal>project</literal> group.  You must run commands, such "
"as <literal>svn</literal>, <literal>svnserve</literal>, <literal>svnlook</"
"literal>, and <literal>svnadmin</literal> under \"<literal>umask 002</"
"literal>\" to ensure group access."
msgstr ""
"屬於 <literal>project</literal> 組的本地使用者可以訪問在 \"<literal>file:///"
"localhost/srv/svn/project</literal>\" 或 <literal>file:///srv/svn/project</"
"literal>\" 下 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 中的新 Subversion 儲存庫。你必須在 "
"\"<literal>umask 002</literal>\" 下執行諸如 <literal>svn</literal>, "
"<literal>svnserve</literal>, <literal>svnlook</literal> 和 "
"<literal>svnadmin</literal> 命令，來確保使用者組可以訪問。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Remote access to Subversion via SSH"
msgstr "通過 SSH 遠端訪問 Subversion"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A group accessible Subversion repository is at URL \"<literal>example.com:/"
"srv/svn/project</literal>\" for SSH, you can access it from "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> at URL \"<literal>svn+ssh://example.com:/srv/svn/project</"
"literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"使用者組可以訪問的 Subversion 儲存庫的 URL 為 \"<literal>example.com:/srv/"
"svn/project</literal>\"。至於 SSH 訪問，你能夠在 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中的 \"<literal>svn+ssh://example.com:/srv/svn/project</"
"literal>\" URL 訪問它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Subversion directory structure"
msgstr "Subversion 目錄結構"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many projects uses directory tree similar to the following for Subversion to "
"compensate its lack of branches and tags."
msgstr ""
"對於 Subversion 來說，許多專案使用類似如下的目錄樹來彌補它的分支和標籤的不"
"足。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  ----- module1\n"
"    |   |-- branches\n"
"    |   |-- tags\n"
"    |   |   |-- release-1.0\n"
"    |   |   `-- release-2.0\n"
"    |   |\n"
"    |   `-- trunk\n"
"    |       |-- file1\n"
"    |       |-- file2\n"
"    |       `-- file3\n"
"    |\n"
"    `-- module2"
msgstr ""
"  ----- module1\n"
"    |   |-- branches\n"
"    |   |-- tags\n"
"    |   |   |-- release-1.0\n"
"    |   |   `-- release-2.0\n"
"    |   |\n"
"    |   `-- trunk\n"
"    |       |-- file1\n"
"    |       |-- file2\n"
"    |       `-- file3\n"
"    |\n"
"    `-- module2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You must use \"<literal>svn copy …</literal>\" command to mark branches and "
"tags.  This ensures Subversion to record modification history of files "
"properly and saves storage spaces."
msgstr ""
"你必須使用 \"<literal>svn copy …</literal>\" 命令來標記分支和標籤。這確保 "
"Subversion 正確的記錄檔案的修改歷史同時節省儲存空間。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Importing a new source to Subversion"
msgstr "往 Subversion 裡匯入一個新的源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Import it to Subversion with the following parameters."
msgstr "把它匯入到 Subversion 的時候帶有以下的引數。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Subversion site URL: \"<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</literal>\""
msgstr "Subversion 位置 URL: \"<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Subversion directory: \"<literal>module1/trunk</literal>\""
msgstr "Subversion 目錄: \"<literal>module1/trunk</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Subversion tag: \"<literal>module1/tags/Release-initial</literal>\""
msgstr "Subversion 標籤: \"<literal>module1/tags/Release-initial</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd ~/path/to/module1\n"
"$ svn import file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk -m \"Start module1\"\n"
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-initial"
msgstr ""
"$ cd ~/path/to/module1\n"
"$ svn import file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk -m \"Start module1\"\n"
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-initial"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ svn import ~/path/to/module1 file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk -m \"Start module1\"\n"
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-initial"
msgstr ""
"$ svn import ~/path/to/module1 file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk -m \"Start module1\"\n"
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-initial"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can replace URLs such as \"<literal>file:///…</literal>\" by any other "
"URL formats such as \"<literal>http://…</literal>\" and \"<literal>svn+ssh://"
"…</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你能夠用像 \"<literal>http://…</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>svn+ssh://...</"
"literal>\" 這樣格式的 URL 來替代 \"<literal>file:///…</literal>\" URL。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Work flow of Subversion"
msgstr "Subversion 工作流"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an example of typical work flow using Subversion with its native "
"client."
msgstr "這裡給出使用 Subversion 及其原生客戶端的典型工作流示例。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Client commands offered by the <literal>git-svn</literal> package may offer "
"alternative work flow of Subversion using the <literal>git</literal> "
"command.  See <xref linkend=\"_git_for_the_subversion_repository\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>git-svn</literal> 軟體包提供的客戶端命令，可以作為使用 "
"<literal>git</literal> 命令的 Subversion 工作流的一個另外選擇。參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_git_for_the_subversion_repository\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Check all available modules from Subversion project pointed by URL "
"\"<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"檢視如下所示的 URL \"<literal>file:///srv/svn/project</literal>\" 指向的 "
"Subversion 專案上所有可用的模組。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ svn list file:///srv/svn/project\n"
"module1\n"
"module2\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
"$ svn list file:///srv/svn/project\n"
"module1\n"
"module2\n"
"..."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Checkout \"<literal>module1/trunk</literal>\" to a directory "
"\"<literal>module1</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示的檢出 \"<literal>module1/trunk</literal>\" 到 \"<literal>module1</"
"literal>\" 目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ svn co file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk module1\n"
"$ cd module1"
msgstr ""
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ svn co file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk module1\n"
"$ cd module1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn diff"
msgstr "$ svn diff"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Overwrite \"<literal>file_to_undo</literal>\" file with the clean copy from "
"Subversion by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示的用 Subversion 中的乾淨副本來覆蓋 \"<literal>file_to_undo</"
"literal>\" 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn revert file_to_undo"
msgstr "$ svn revert file_to_undo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Save the updated local source tree to Subversion by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示的把已經更新了的本地源目錄樹儲存到 Subversion。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn ci -m \"Describe change\""
msgstr "$ svn ci -m \"Describe change\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create and add \"<literal>file_to_add</literal>\" file to Subversion by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示的建立 \"<literal>file_to_add</literal>\" 檔案並把它新增到 "
"Subversion。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ vi file_to_add\n"
"$ svn add file_to_add\n"
"$ svn ci -m \"Added file_to_add\""
msgstr ""
"$ vi file_to_add\n"
"$ svn add file_to_add\n"
"$ svn ci -m \"Added file_to_add\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Merge the latest version from Subversion by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示更新工作拷貝到 Subversion 中的最新版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn up"
msgstr "$ svn up"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Look for unmodified code in, e.g., \"<literal>filename.r6</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>filename.r9</literal>\", and \"<literal>filename.mine</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"檢視檔案中未經修改的程式碼，例如 \"<literal>filename.r6</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>filename.r9</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>filename.mine</literal>\" 檔"
"案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ svn ci -m \"last commit for Release-1\"\n"
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-1"
msgstr ""
"$ svn ci -m \"last commit for Release-1\"\n"
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn rm file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-1"
msgstr "$ svn rm file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Check in changes to Subversion by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示把改變簽入到 Subversion。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn ci -m \"real last commit for Release-1\""
msgstr "$ svn ci -m \"real last commit for Release-1\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Re-add the release tag \"<literal>Release-1</literal>\" from updated "
"Subversion HEAD of trunk by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示在最新的 Subversion 主幹的基礎上重新添加發布分支 "
"\"<literal>Release-1</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-1"
msgstr "$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Create a branch with a path \"<literal>module1/branches/Release-initial-"
"bugfixes</literal>\" from the original version pointed by the path "
"\"<literal>module1/tags/Release-initial</literal>\" and check it out to "
"\"<literal>~/path/to/old</literal>\" directory by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示在 \"<literal>module1/tags/Release-initial</literal>\" 路徑指定的最"
"初版本的基礎上再建立一個路徑為 \"<literal>module1/branches/Release-initial-"
"bugfixes</literal>\" 的分支，並把它簽出到 \"<literal>~/path/to/old</literal>"
"\" 目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-initial file:///srv/svn/project/module1/branches/Release-initial-bugfixes\n"
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ svn co file:///srv/svn/project/module1/branches/Release-initial-bugfixes old\n"
"$ cd old"
msgstr ""
"$ svn cp file:///srv/svn/project/module1/tags/Release-initial file:///srv/svn/project/module1/branches/Release-initial-bugfixes\n"
"$ cd ~/path/to\n"
"$ svn co file:///srv/svn/project/module1/branches/Release-initial-bugfixes old\n"
"$ cd old"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use \"<literal>module1/trunk@{2005-12-20}</literal>\" (<ulink url=\"&isoigab;"
"\">ISO 8601</ulink> date format) instead of \"<literal>module1/tags/Release-"
"initial</literal>\" to specify particular date as the branch point."
msgstr ""
"使用 \"<literal>module1/trunk@{2005-12-20}</literal>\" (<ulink url="
"\"&isoigab;\">ISO 8601</ulink> 日期格式) 而不是 \"<literal>module1/tags/"
"Release-initial</literal>\" 來指定分支建立時候的日期。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Work on this local source tree pointing to branch \"<literal>Release-initial-"
"bugfixes</literal>\" which is based on the original version."
msgstr ""
"在基於原始版本的 \"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" 分支的本地源"
"目錄樹上工作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Sync with files modified by others on this branch by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示同步其他人在此分支上改動的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn ci -m \"checked into this branch\""
msgstr "$ svn ci -m \"checked into this branch\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Update the local tree with HEAD of trunk by the following."
msgstr "按如下所示更新本地目錄樹為主幹的最新版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn switch file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk"
msgstr "$ svn switch file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Update the local tree (content = HEAD of trunk) by merging from the "
"\"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" branch by the following."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示通過合併 \"<literal>Release-initial-bugfixes</literal>\" 分支的方式"
"來更新本地目錄樹 (內容為主幹的最新版本)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn merge file:///srv/svn/project/module1/branches/Release-initial-bugfixes"
msgstr "$ svn merge file:///srv/svn/project/module1/branches/Release-initial-bugfixes"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ svn ci -m \"merged Release-initial-bugfixes\""
msgstr "$ svn ci -m \"merged Release-initial-bugfixes\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"You can checkout only a sub directory of \"<literal>module1</literal>\" by "
"providing its name as \"<literal>svn co file:///srv/svn/project/module1/"
"trunk/subdir module1/subdir</literal>\", etc."
msgstr ""
"通過 \"<literal>svn co file:///srv/svn/project/module1/trunk/subdir module1/"
"subdir</literal>\" 等命令，你可以只簽出 \"<literal>module1</literal>\" 的一個"
"子目錄。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"Notable options for Subversion commands (use as first argument(s) to "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>)"
msgstr ""
"值得注意的 Subversion 命令選項 (使用時作為 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>svn</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的第一個引數)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>--dry-run</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>--dry-run</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-v</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-v</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display detail messages of svn activity"
msgstr "顯示 svn 活動的詳細資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Data conversion"
msgstr "資料轉換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Tools and tips for converting data formats on the Debian system are "
"described."
msgstr "下面是關於Debian 系統上可用的格式轉化工具及其相關提示的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Standard based tools are in very good shape but support for proprietary data "
"formats are limited."
msgstr "基於標準的工具，是非常好用的，但支援的專有資料格式有限."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Text data conversion tools"
msgstr "文字資料轉換工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Following packages for the text data conversion caught my eyes."
msgstr "如下是文字資料轉換工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of text data conversion tools"
msgstr "文字資料轉化工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "keyword"
msgstr "關鍵詞"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "charset"
msgstr "字符集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"text encoding converter between locales by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (fundamental)"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的不同語言環境（locale）之間的文字編碼轉換器 (基礎"
"的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "charset+eol"
msgstr "字符集+換行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"text encoding converter between locales (versatile, more aliases and "
"features)"
msgstr "不同語言環境（locale）之間的文字編碼轉換器（多功能的，更多別名和特性）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text encoding converter between locales (fancy)"
msgstr "不同語言環境（locale）之間的文字編碼轉換器（高檔的）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "character set translator for Japanese"
msgstr "日語字符集翻譯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "character set translator"
msgstr "字符集翻譯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "replace accented letters by their unaccented equivalent"
msgstr "代替重音字元，使用和它們相當的非重音字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "eol"
msgstr "換行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"text format converter between DOS and Unix: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fromdos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"在 DOS 和 Unix 之間的文字格式轉換: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fromdos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"text format converter between Macintosh and Unix: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>frommac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tomac</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"在 Macintosh 和 Unix 之間的文字格式轉換: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>frommac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tomac</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Converting a text file with iconv"
msgstr "用 iconv 命令來轉換文字檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is provided as a part of the <literal>libc6</literal> package "
"and it is always available on practically all Unix-like systems to convert "
"the encoding of characters."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 是 <literal>libc6</literal> 軟體包的一部分並且它可以在類 Unix "
"的系統上轉換字元的編碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can convert encodings of a text file with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"你能夠通過如下的命令用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來轉換文字檔案的編碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ iconv -f encoding1 -t encoding2 input.txt &gt;output.txt"
msgstr "$ iconv -f encoding1 -t encoding2 input.txt &gt;output.txt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Encoding values are case insensitive and ignore \"<literal>-</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>_</literal>\" for matching.  Supported encodings can be checked "
"by the \"<literal>iconv -l</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""
"編碼值是大小寫不敏感的，且會在匹配時忽略“<literal>-</literal>”和“<literal>_</"
"literal>”。可以使用“<literal>iconv -l</literal>”命令檢查支援的編碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of encoding values and their usage"
msgstr "編碼值和用法的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "encoding value"
msgstr "編碼值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&americanstandardationinterchange;\">American Standard Code for "
"Information Interchange</ulink>, 7 bit code w/o accented characters"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&americanstandardationinterchange;\">美國資訊交換標準程式碼</"
"ulink>，7位程式碼不帶重音符號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "current multilingual standard for all modern OSs"
msgstr "用於所有現代作業系統的多語言標準"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"old standard for western European languages, ASCII + accented characters"
msgstr "舊的西歐語言標準，ASCII + 重音符號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isoiifjc;\">ISO-8859-2</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isoiifjc;\">ISO-8859-2</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"old standard for eastern European languages, ASCII + accented characters"
msgstr "舊的東歐語言標準，ASCII + 重音符號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isoiifjbf;\">ISO-8859-15</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isoiifjbf;\">ISO-8859-15</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"old standard for western European languages, <ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;"
"\">ISO-8859-1</ulink> with euro sign"
msgstr ""
"舊的帶有歐元符號的西歐語言標準（<ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</"
"ulink>）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpifa;\">CP850</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpifa;\">CP850</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 850, Microsoft DOS characters with graphics for western European "
"languages, <ulink url=\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</ulink> variant"
msgstr ""
"code page 850，用於西歐語言的微軟 DOS 的帶有圖形的字元，<ulink url="
"\"&isoiifjb;\">ISO-8859-1</ulink> 的變體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpjdc;\">CP932</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpjdc;\">CP932</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 932, Microsoft Windows style <ulink url=\"&shiftjis;\">Shift-JIS</"
"ulink> variant for Japanese"
msgstr ""
"code page 932, 日語 Microsoft Windows 的 <ulink url=\"&shiftjis;\">Shift-"
"JIS</ulink> 變體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpjdg;\">CP936</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpjdg;\">CP936</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 936, Microsoft Windows style <ulink url=\"&gbcdbc;\">GB2312</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&gbk;\">GBK</ulink> or <ulink url=\"&gbbiada;"
"\">GB18030</ulink> variant for Simplified Chinese"
msgstr ""
"code page 936，用於簡體中文的微軟作業系統風格的 <ulink url=\"&gbcdbc;"
"\">GB2312</ulink>，<ulink url=\"&gbk;\">GBK</ulink> 或者 <ulink url="
"\"&gbbiada;\">GB18030</ulink> 的變體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpjej;\">CP949</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpjej;\">CP949</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 949, Microsoft Windows style <ulink url=\"&euckr;\">EUC-KR</ulink> "
"or Unified Hangul Code variant for Korean"
msgstr ""
"code page 949，用於韓語的微軟作業系統風格的 <ulink url=\"&euckr;\">EUC-KR</"
"ulink> 或者 Unified Hangul Code 的變體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpjfa;\">CP950</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpjfa;\">CP950</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 950, Microsoft Windows style <ulink url=\"&bigf;\">Big5</ulink> "
"variant for Traditional Chinese"
msgstr ""
"code page 950，用於繁體中文的微軟作業系統風格的 <ulink url=\"&bigf;\">Big5</"
"ulink> 的變體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpbcfb;\">CP1251</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpbcfb;\">CP1251</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 1251, Microsoft Windows style encoding for the Cyrillic alphabet"
msgstr "code page 1251，用於西裡爾字母的微軟作業系統風格的編碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&cpbcfc;\">CP1252</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&cpbcfc;\">CP1252</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"code page 1252, Microsoft Windows style <ulink url=\"&isoiifjbf;"
"\">ISO-8859-15</ulink> variant for western European languages"
msgstr ""
"code page 1252，用於西歐語言的微軟作業系統風格的 <ulink url=\"&isoiifjbf;"
"\">ISO-8859-15</ulink> 的變體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&koiir;\">KOI8-R</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&koiir;\">KOI8-R</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "old Russian UNIX standard for the Cyrillic alphabet"
msgstr "用於西裡爾字母的舊俄語 UNIX 標準"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&isocaccjp;\">ISO-2022-JP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&isocaccjp;\">ISO-2022-JP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "standard encoding for Japanese email which uses only 7 bit codes"
msgstr "日文郵件的標準編碼，只使用 7 位位元組"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&eucjp;\">eucJP</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&eucjp;\">eucJP</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"old Japanese UNIX standard 8 bit code and completely different from <ulink "
"url=\"&shiftjis;\">Shift-JIS</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"老的日文 UNIX 標準的 8 位位元組，和 <ulink url=\"&shiftjis;\">Shift-JIS</"
"ulink> 完全不同"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&shiftjis;\">Shift-JIS</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&shiftjis;\">Shift-JIS</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"JIS X 0208 Appendix 1 standard for Japanese (see <ulink url=\"&cpjdc;"
"\">CP932</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"日文 JIS X 0208 附錄 1 標準 (參見 <ulink url=\"&cpjdc;\">CP932</ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Some encodings are only supported for the data conversion and are not used "
"as locale values (<xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"一些編碼只支援資料轉換，它不能作為語言環境的值 (<xref linkend="
"\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For character sets which fit in single byte such as <ulink url=\"&ascii;"
"\">ASCII</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&isoiifj;\">ISO-8859</ulink> character "
"sets, the <ulink url=\"&characterencoding;\">character encoding</ulink> "
"means almost the same thing as the character set."
msgstr ""
"像 <ulink url=\"&ascii;\">ASCII</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&isoiifj;"
"\">ISO-8859</ulink> 這樣適用於單位元組的字符集，<ulink url="
"\"&characterencoding;\">字元編碼</ulink>和字符集幾乎指的是同一件事情。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For character sets with many characters such as <ulink url=\"&jisxacbd;"
"\">JIS X 0213</ulink> for Japanese or <ulink url="
"\"&universalcharactunicodeisobagegb;\">Universal Character Set (UCS, "
"Unicode, ISO-10646-1)</ulink> for practically all languages, there are many "
"encoding schemes to fit them into the sequence of the byte data."
msgstr ""
"對於多字元的字符集，比如說，用於日文的 <ulink url=\"&jisxacbd;\">JIS X 0213</"
"ulink>，或用於差不多所有語言的 <ulink url="
"\"&universalcharactunicodeisobagegb;\">Universal Character Set (UCS, "
"Unicode, ISO-10646-1)</ulink> , 有多種編碼方案來序列化它們的位元組資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&euc;\">EUC</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&isoieccaccalsoknownasjisxacac;\">ISO/IEC 2022 (also known as JIS X 0202)</"
"ulink> for Japanese"
msgstr ""
"日文的 <ulink url=\"&euc;\">EUC</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&isoieccaccalsoknownasjisxacac;\">ISO/IEC 2022 (也被稱為 JIS X 0202)</"
"ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&utfbgucsc;\">UTF-16/"
"UCS-2</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&utfdcucse;\">UTF-32/UCS-4</ulink> for Unicode"
msgstr ""
"Unicode 的 <ulink url=\"&utfi;\">UTF-8</ulink>、<ulink url=\"&utfbgucsc;"
"\">UTF-16/UCS-2</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&utfdcucse;\">UTF-32/UCS-4</ulink> 編"
"碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For these, there are clear differentiations between the character set and "
"the character encoding."
msgstr "對於以上這些，字符集和字元編碼之間有著明顯的區別。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&codepage;\">code page</ulink> is used as the synonym to "
"the character encoding tables for some vendor specific ones."
msgstr ""
"對某些計算機廠家而言，<ulink url=\"&codepage;\">code page</ulink> 是作為字元"
"編碼表的同義詞來使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Please note most encoding systems share the same code with ASCII for the 7 "
"bit characters.  But there are some exceptions. If you are converting old "
"Japanese C programs and URLs data from the casually-called shift-JIS "
"encoding format to UTF-8 format, use \"<literal>CP932</literal>\" as the "
"encoding name instead of \"<literal>shift-JIS</literal>\" to get the "
"expected results: <literal>0x5C</literal> → \"<literal>\\</literal>\" and "
"<literal>0x7E</literal> → \"<literal>~</literal>\".  Otherwise, these are "
"converted to wrong characters."
msgstr ""
"請注意，大部分編碼系統共享 ASCII 的 7 位字元的同樣編碼，但也有一些列外。如果"
"你從通常所說的 shift-JIS 編碼格式，轉化老的日文 C 語言程式和 URL 資料，到 "
"UTF-8 格式,你需要使用 \"<literal>CP932</literal>\" 作為編碼名來代替 "
"\"<literal>shift-JIS</literal>\" 來得到期望的結果： <literal>0x5C</literal> "
"→ \"<literal>\\</literal>\" 和 <literal>0x7E</literal> → \"<literal>~</"
"literal>\".否則，這些將被轉化為錯誤的字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>recode</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> may be used too and offers more than the combined "
"functionality of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fromdos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>frommac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tomac</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.  For more, see "
"\"<literal>info recode</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>recode</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 也可能被使用並且不僅僅是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fromdos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>，"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>frommac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tomac</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 功能的結合。想要獲得更"
"多資訊，請參見 \"<literal>info recode</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Checking file to be UTF-8 with iconv"
msgstr "用 iconv 檢查檔案是不是 UTF-8 編碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can check if a text file is encoded in UTF-8 with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"你能夠通過如下命令用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iconv</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來檢查一個文字檔案是不"
"是用 UTF-8 編碼的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ iconv -f utf8 -t utf8 input.txt &gt;/dev/null || echo \"non-UTF-8 found\""
msgstr "$ iconv -f utf8 -t utf8 input.txt &gt;/dev/null || echo \"non-UTF-8 found\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use \"<literal>--verbose</literal>\" option in the above example to find the "
"first non-UTF-8 character."
msgstr ""
"在上面的例子中使用 \"<literal>--verbose</literal>\" 引數來找到第一個 non-"
"UTF-8 字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Converting file names with iconv"
msgstr "使用 iconv 轉換檔名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is an example script to convert encoding of file names from ones "
"created under older OS to modern UTF-8 ones in a single directory."
msgstr ""
"這裡是一個示例腳步，在同一目錄下，將在老的作業系統系統下建立的檔名編碼，轉換"
"為現代 UTF-8."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"ENCDN=iso-8859-1\n"
"for x in *;\n"
" do\n"
" mv \"$x\" \"$(echo \"$x\" | iconv -f $ENCDN -t utf-8)\"\n"
"done"
msgstr ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"ENCDN=iso-8859-1\n"
"for x in *;\n"
" do\n"
" mv \"$x\" \"$(echo \"$x\" | iconv -f $ENCDN -t utf-8)\"\n"
"done"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>$ENCDN</literal>\" variable specifies the original encoding "
"used for file names under older OS as in <xref linkend=\"list-of-encoding-"
"values\"/>."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>$ENCDN</literal>\" 變數定義了在老的作業系統下，檔名使用的原始編"
"碼，見 <xref linkend=\"list-of-encoding-values\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For more complicated case, please mount a filesystem (e.g. a partition on a "
"disk drive) containing such file names with proper encoding as the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> option (see <xref linkend=\"_filename_encoding\"/>) and copy "
"its entire contents to another filesystem mounted as UTF-8 with "
"\"<literal>cp -a</literal>\" command."
msgstr ""
"對於更加複雜的情況，請使用適當的編碼作為 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的選項(參見 <xref "
"linkend=\"_filename_encoding\"/>) 來掛載包含有這樣檔名的檔案系統（比如說，磁"
"碟上的一個分割槽），使用 \"<literal>cp -a</literal>\" 命令來拷貝它的整個內容"
"到另外一個使用 UTF-8 掛載的檔案系統上。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "EOL conversion"
msgstr "換行符轉換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The text file format, specifically the end-of-line (EOL) code, is dependent "
"on the platform."
msgstr "文字檔案的格式，特別是行尾（換行符）編碼，有平臺獨立性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of EOL styles for different platforms"
msgstr "不同平臺的換行符樣式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "platform"
msgstr "平臺"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "EOL code"
msgstr "換行符編碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "control"
msgstr "控制碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "decimal"
msgstr "十進位制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "hexadecimal"
msgstr "16 進位制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Debian (unix)"
msgstr "Debian (unix)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LF"
msgstr "LF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^J</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^J</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "10"
msgstr "10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "0A"
msgstr "0A"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MSDOS and Windows"
msgstr "MSDOS 和 Windows"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "CR-LF"
msgstr "CR-LF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^M^J</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^M^J</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "13 10"
msgstr "13 10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "0D 0A"
msgstr "0D 0A"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Apple's Macintosh"
msgstr "蘋果的 Macintosh"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "CR"
msgstr "CR"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>^M</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>^M</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "13"
msgstr "13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "0D"
msgstr "0D"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The EOL format conversion programs, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fromdos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>frommac</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tomac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, are quite handy.  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>recode</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is also useful."
msgstr ""
"換行符轉換程式, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fromdos</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>frommac</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tomac</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, 是相當方便.  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>recode</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 也是有用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Some data on the Debian system, such as the wiki page data for the "
"<literal>python-moinmoin</literal> package, use MSDOS style CR-LF as the EOL "
"code.  So the above rule is just a general rule."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統上的一些資料，如 <literal>python-moinmoin</literal> 軟體包的 "
"wiki 頁面資料，使用 MSDOS 式樣的 CR-LF 作為換行符編碼。所以，上面的規則僅僅是"
"一個通用規則。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Most editors (eg. <literal>vim</literal>, <literal>emacs</literal>, "
"<literal>gedit</literal>, …) can handle files in MSDOS style EOL "
"transparently."
msgstr ""
"大部分編輯器 (比如： <literal>vim</literal>, <literal>emacs</literal>, "
"<literal>gedit</literal>, …) 能夠透明處理 MSDOS 式樣的換行符檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The use of \"<literal>sed -e '/\\r$/!s/$/\\r/'</literal>\" instead of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is better when you want to unify the EOL style to the MSDOS "
"style from the mixed MSDOS and Unix style.  (e.g., after merging 2 MSDOS "
"style files with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)  This is because "
"<literal>todos</literal> adds CR to all lines."
msgstr ""
"對於混合 MSDOS 和 Unix 式樣的檔案，統一到 MSDOS 換行符式樣，使用 "
"\"<literal>sed -e '/\\r$/!s/$/\\r/'</literal>\" 代替 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>todos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 比較好。 (例如，在使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>diff3</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>移植兩個 MSDOS 式樣的檔"
"案後.)這是因為 <literal>todos</literal> 給所有的行增加 CR."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "TAB conversion"
msgstr "TAB 轉換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are few popular specialized programs to convert the tab codes."
msgstr "這裡有一些轉換 TAB 程式碼的專業工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid ""
"List of TAB conversion commands from <literal>bsdmainutils</literal> and "
"<literal>coreutils</literal> packages"
msgstr ""
"<literal>bsdmainutils</literal> 和 <literal>coreutils</literal> 包中的用於轉"
"換 TAB 的命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>bsdmainutils</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>bsdmainutils</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>coreutils</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>coreutils</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "expand tab to spaces"
msgstr "把製表符擴充套件成空格"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -x</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>expand</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>expand</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "unexpand tab from spaces"
msgstr "不把空格擴充套件成製表符"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>col -h</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>col -h</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>unexpand</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>unexpand</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>indent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> from the <literal>indent</literal> package completely "
"reformats whitespaces in the C program."
msgstr ""
"<literal>indent</literal> 包中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>indent</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令能夠重新格式化 C 程"
"式中的空格。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Editor programs such as <literal>vim</literal> and <literal>emacs</literal> "
"can be used for TAB conversion, too.  For example with <literal>vim</"
"literal>, you can expand TAB with \"<literal>:set expandtab</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>:%retab</literal>\" command sequence.  You can revert this with "
"\"<literal>:set noexpandtab</literal>\" and \"<literal>:%retab!</literal>\" "
"command sequence."
msgstr ""
"例如 <literal>vim</literal> 和 <literal>emacs</literal> 這樣的編輯軟體可以被"
"用來擴充套件 TAB。就拿 <literal>vim</literal> 來說，你能夠按順序輸入 "
"\"<literal>:set expandtab</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>:%retab</literal>\" 命令"
"來擴充套件 TAB。你也可以按順序輸入 <literal>:%set noexpandtab</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>:%retab</literal>\" 命令來複原。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Editors with auto-conversion"
msgstr "帶有自動轉換功能的編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Intelligent modern editors such as the <literal>vim</literal> program are "
"quite smart and copes well with any encoding systems and any file formats.  "
"You should use these editors under the UTF-8 locale in the UTF-8 capable "
"console for the best compatibility."
msgstr ""
"像 <literal>vim</literal> 這樣的現代智慧編輯器軟體是相當聰明的並且能夠處理任"
"何編碼系統以及任何檔案格式。你應該在支援 UTF-8 編碼的控制檯上並在 UTF-8 環境"
"下使用這些編輯器來獲得最好的相容性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An old western European Unix text file, \"<literal>u-file.txt</literal>\", "
"stored in the latin1 (iso-8859-1) encoding can be edited simply with "
"<literal>vim</literal> by the following."
msgstr ""
"以 latin1（iso-8859-1）編碼儲存的舊西歐語言的 Unix 文字檔案，“<literal>u-"
"file.txt</literal>”，能通過如下所示的用 <literal>vim</literal> 輕易的編輯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim u-file.txt"
msgstr "$ vim u-file.txt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is possible since the auto detection mechanism of the file encoding in "
"<literal>vim</literal> assumes the UTF-8 encoding first and, if it fails, "
"assumes it to be latin1."
msgstr ""
"這是可能的因為 <literal>vim</literal> 的檔案編碼自動檢測機制先假定檔案是 "
"UTF-8 編碼，如果失敗了，則假定它是 latin1 編碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An old Polish Unix text file, \"<literal>pu-file.txt</literal>\", stored in "
"the latin2 (iso-8859-2) encoding can be edited with <literal>vim</literal> "
"by the following."
msgstr ""
"以 latin2（iso-8859-2） 編碼儲存的舊波蘭語的 Unix 文字檔案，“<literal>pu-"
"file.txt</literal>”，能通過如下所示的用 <literal>vim</literal> 編輯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+e ++enc=latin2 pu-file.txt'"
msgstr "$ vim '+e ++enc=latin2 pu-file.txt'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An old Japanese unix text file, \"<literal>ju-file.txt</literal>\", stored "
"in the eucJP encoding can be edited with <literal>vim</literal> by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"以 eucJP 編碼儲存的舊日語的 Unix 文字檔案，\"<literal>ju-file.txt</literal>"
"\"，能通過如下所示的用 <literal>vim</literal> 編輯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+e ++enc=eucJP ju-file.txt'"
msgstr "$ vim '+e ++enc=eucJP ju-file.txt'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"An old Japanese MS-Windows text file, \"<literal>jw-file.txt</literal>\", "
"stored in the so called shift-JIS encoding (more precisely: CP932) can be "
"edited with <literal>vim</literal> by the following."
msgstr ""
"以所謂的 shift-JIS 編碼 (更確切的說法是：CP932) 儲存的舊日語 MS-Windows 文字"
"檔案，\"<literal>jw-file.txt</literal>\"，能通過如下所示的用 <literal>vim</"
"literal> 編輯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ vim '+e ++enc=CP932 ++ff=dos jw-file.txt'"
msgstr "$ vim '+e ++enc=CP932 ++ff=dos jw-file.txt'"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When a file is opened with \"<literal>++enc</literal>\" and \"<literal>++ff</"
"literal>\" options, \"<literal>:w</literal>\" in the Vim command line stores "
"it in the original format and overwrite the original file.  You can also "
"specify the saving format and the file name in the Vim command line, e.g., "
"\"<literal>:w ++enc=utf8 new.txt</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"當一個檔案用 vim 開啟的時候帶有 \"<literal>++enc</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>+"
"+ff</literal>\" 選項，在 Vim 命令列輸入 \"<literal>:w</literal>\" 命令會以原"
"格式儲存檔案並且會覆蓋原檔案。你也可以在 Vim 命令列指定儲存檔名及其格式，例"
"如，\"<literal>:w ++enc=utf8 new.txt</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Please refer to the mbyte.txt \"multi-byte text support\" in <literal>vim</"
"literal> on-line help and <xref linkend=\"list-of-encoding-values\"/> for "
"locale values used with \"<literal>++enc</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"請查閱 <literal>vim</literal> 線上幫助中的 mbyte.txt，\"多位元組文字支援\"和"
"<xref linkend=\"list-of-encoding-values\"/>來獲得 \"<literal>++enc</literal>"
"\" 使用的本地值的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>emacs</literal> family of programs can perform the equivalent "
"functions."
msgstr "<literal>emacs</literal> 家族的程式能夠實現同樣的功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Plain text extraction"
msgstr "提取純文字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following reads a web page into a text file.  This is very useful when "
"copying configurations off the Web or applying basic Unix text tools such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> on the web page."
msgstr ""
"如下所示讀入 web 頁面並把它轉化成文字檔案。當從 Web 中拷貝配置或者是在 web 頁"
"面中應用類似 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grep</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的基礎 Unix 文字工具時，以下命令是非常有用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ w3m -dump http://www.remote-site.com/help-info.html &gt;textfile"
msgstr "$ w3m -dump http://www.remote-site.com/help-info.html &gt;textfile"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Similarly, you can extract plain text data from other formats using the "
"following."
msgstr "同樣，你可以使用如下所示的工具從其他格式提取純文字資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools to extract plain text data"
msgstr "用於提取純文字資料的工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "html→text"
msgstr "html→text"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"HTML to text converter with the \"<literal>w3m -dump</literal>\" command"
msgstr "用 \"<literal>w3m -dump</literal>\" 命令把 HTML 轉化為文字的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "advanced HTML to text converter (ISO 8859-1)"
msgstr "高階的 HTML 到文字檔案的轉換器 (ISO8859-1)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"HTML to text converter with the \"<literal>lynx -dump</literal>\" command"
msgstr "用 \"<literal>lynx -dump</literal>\" 命令把 HTML 轉化為文字的轉化器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"HTML to text converter with the \"<literal>elinks -dump</literal>\" command"
msgstr "用 \"<literal>elinks -dump</literal>\" 命令把 HTML 轉化為文字的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"HTML to text converter with the \"<literal>links -dump</literal>\" command"
msgstr "用 \"<literal>links -dump</literal>\" 命令把 HTML 轉化為文字的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"HTML to text converter with the \"<literal>links2 -dump</literal>\" command"
msgstr "用 \"<literal>links2 -dump</literal>\" 命令把 HTML 轉化為文字的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MSWord→text,ps"
msgstr "MSWord→text,ps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert MSWord files to plain text or ps"
msgstr "轉化 MSWord 檔案到純文字或 ps 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MSWord→text,TeX"
msgstr "MSWord→text,TeX"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert MSWord files to plain text or TeX"
msgstr "轉化 MSWord 檔案到純文字或 TeX檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps/pdf→text"
msgstr "ps/pdf→text"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "extract text from PostScript and PDF files"
msgstr "從 PostScript 和 PDF 檔案裡匯出文字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove the markup tags from an HTML file"
msgstr "從一個 HTML 檔案裡面刪除標記標籤"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "odt→text"
msgstr "odt→text"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from OpenDocument Text to text"
msgstr "從開放文件格式到文字格式的轉化器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Highlighting and formatting plain text data"
msgstr "高亮並格式化純文字資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can highlight and format plain text data by the following."
msgstr "你可以通過如下所示的來高亮並格式化純文字資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools to highlight plain text data"
msgstr "高亮純文字資料的工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "highlight"
msgstr "高亮"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Vim MACRO to convert source code to HTML with \"<literal>:source $VIMRUNTIME/"
"syntax/html.vim</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"用 \"<literal>:source $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/html.vim</literal>\" Vim 巨集命令轉"
"化原始碼到 HTML"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "c→html"
msgstr "c→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter for the C program to latex and HTML (C language)"
msgstr "從 C 程式到 latex 和 HTML 的轉換器（C語言）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert many source codes to TeX (C language)"
msgstr "轉換許多原始碼到 TeX（C語言）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"convert many source codes to HTML, XHTML, LaTeX, Texinfo, ANSI color escape "
"sequences and DocBook files with highlight (C++)"
msgstr ""
"轉換原始碼到帶有高亮顯示的 HTML, XHTML, LaTeX, Texinfo, ANSI 顏色轉義序列和 "
"DocBook 檔案 (C++)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"convert many source codes to HTML, XHTML, RTF, LaTeX, TeX or XSL-FO files "
"with highlight (C++)"
msgstr ""
"轉化許多原始碼到帶有高亮顯示的 HTML, XHTML, RTF, LaTeX, TeX or XSL-FO 檔案。"
"(C++)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text→color"
msgstr "text→有顏色的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "generic colouriser for everything (Python)"
msgstr "用於任何文字的通用顏色生成器 (Python)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text→html"
msgstr "text→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text to HTML converter (Perl)"
msgstr "文字到 HTML 轉換器（Perl）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "markdown text document formatter to (X)HTML (Perl)"
msgstr "markdown 文字文件到 (X)HTML (Perl)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text→any"
msgstr "text→any"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "AsciiDoc text document formatter to XML/HTML (Python)"
msgstr "AsciiDoc 文字文件到 XML/HTML (Python)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "general markup converter (Haskell)"
msgstr "通用標記轉化器 (Haskell)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ReStructured Text document formatter to XML (Python)"
msgstr "重構文字文件到 XML (Python)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"document conversion from text to HTML, SGML, LaTeX, man page, MoinMoin, "
"Magic Point and PageMaker (Python)"
msgstr ""
"轉化文字到 HTML, SGML, LaTeX, man page, MoinMoin, Magic Point and PageMaker "
"(Python)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "universal document - text processing utility (C language)"
msgstr "通用的文字檔案轉化工具 (C 語言)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "document converter from structured plain text to other formats (m4)"
msgstr "結構化純文字到其他格式的文件轉化器 (m4)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "document converter from ReStructured Text to html (Python)"
msgstr "重構文字到 html 的文件轉化器 (Python)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"free form\" document preparation system (Perl)"
msgstr "\"自由格式\"的檔案準備系統 (Perl)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pre-document language and tools to process it (C language)"
msgstr "用預文件語言工具來處理檔案 (C 語言)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "simple document parser (Perl)"
msgstr "簡單的文件剖析器 (Perl)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "document structuring, publishing and search framework (Ruby)"
msgstr "文件組織、排版、搜尋框架 (Ruby)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "XML data"
msgstr "XML 資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&theextensiblemarkuplanguagexml;\">The Extensible Markup "
"Language (XML)</ulink> is a markup language for documents containing "
"structured information."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&theextensiblemarkuplanguagexml;\">擴充套件標記語言 Extensible "
"Markup Language (XML)</ulink> 是一種標記語言，用於含有結構化資訊的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See introductory information at <ulink url=\"&xmlcom;\">XML.COM</ulink>."
msgstr "在 <ulink url=\"&xmlcom;\">XML.COM</ulink> 檢視介紹資訊."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&whatisxml;\">\"What is XML?\"</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&whatisxml;\">\"什麼是 XML?\"</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&whatisxslt;\">\"What Is XSLT?\"</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&whatisxslt;\">\"什麼是 XSLT?\"</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&whatisxslfo;\">\"What Is XSL-FO?\"</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&whatisxslfo;\">\"什麼是 XSL-FO?\"</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&whatisxlink;\">\"What Is XLink?\"</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&whatisxlink;\">\"什麼是 XLink?\"</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic hints for XML"
msgstr "XML 的基本提示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"XML text looks somewhat like <ulink url=\"&html;\">HTML</ulink>.  It enables "
"us to manage multiple formats of output for a document.  One easy XML system "
"is the <literal>docbook-xsl</literal> package, which is used here."
msgstr ""
"XML 文字看起來有些像 <ulink url=\"&html;\">HTML</ulink>.它能夠使我們管理一個"
"文件的多個格式。一個簡單的 XML 系統是 <literal>docbook-xsl</literal> 軟體包，"
"在這裡使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Each XML file starts with standard XML declaration as the following."
msgstr "每一個 XML 檔案使用下面的標準 XML 宣告開始。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&lt;?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The basic syntax for one XML element is marked up as the following."
msgstr "XML 元素的基本語法是按下面的方式標記。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&lt;name attribute=\"value\"&gt;content&lt;/name&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;name attribute=\"value\"&gt;content&lt;/name&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"XML element with empty content is marked up in the following short form."
msgstr "內容為空的 XML 元素，使用下面的短格式標記。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&lt;name attribute=\"value\"/&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;name attribute=\"value\"/&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>attribute=\"value\"</literal>\" in the above examples are "
"optional."
msgstr "上面列子中的 \"<literal>attribute=\"value\"</literal>\" 是可選的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The comment section in XML is marked up as the following."
msgstr "XML 裡面的註釋部分，是按下面的方式標記。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&lt;!-- comment --&gt;"
msgstr "&lt;!-- comment --&gt;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Other than adding markups, XML requires minor conversion to the content "
"using predefined entities for following characters."
msgstr "不同於增加標記，XML 至少要求使用預定義實體裡的內容來轉化下列字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of predefined entities for XML"
msgstr "XML 預定義實體列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "predefined entity"
msgstr "預定義實體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "character to be converted into"
msgstr "轉化的字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;quot;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;quot;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\"</literal> : quote"
msgstr "<literal>\"</literal> : 引號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;apos;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;apos;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>'</literal> : apostrophe"
msgstr "<literal>'</literal> : 撇號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;lt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;lt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;</literal> : less-than"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;</literal> : 小於號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&gt;</literal> : greater-than"
msgstr "<literal>&gt;</literal> : 大於號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;amp;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;amp;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&amp;</literal> : ampersand"
msgstr "<literal>&amp;</literal> :＆號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><caution><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>&lt;</literal>\" or \"<literal>&amp;</literal>\" can not be used "
"in attributes or elements."
msgstr ""
"“<literal>&lt;</literal>”或“<literal>&amp;</literal>”不能在屬性（attributes）"
"或元素（elements）中使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"When SGML style user defined entities, e.g. \"<literal>&amp;some-tag:</"
"literal>\", are used, the first definition wins over others.  The entity "
"definition is expressed in \"<literal>&lt;!ENTITY some-tag \"entity value"
"\"&gt;</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"當 SGML 式樣的使用者定義實體，比如 \"<literal>&amp;some-tag:</literal>\", 被"
"使用的時候，第一個定義會覆蓋其它的。實體定義在 \"<literal>&lt;!ENTITY some-"
"tag \"entity value\"&gt;</literal>\"裡表示."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"As long as the XML markup are done consistently with certain set of the tag "
"name (either some data as content or attribute value), conversion to another "
"XML is trivial task using <ulink url=\"&extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt;"
"\">Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"只要 XML 標記是一致使用某一標籤名集合（一些資料作為內容或屬性值），使用 "
"<ulink url=\"&extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt;\">Extensible Stylesheet "
"Language Transformations (XSLT)</ulink> 來轉換到另外一個 XML，是一個微不足道"
"的任務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "XML processing"
msgstr "XML 處理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are many tools available to process XML files such as <ulink url="
"\"&theextensiblestysheetlanguagexsl;\">the Extensible Stylesheet Language "
"(XSL)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"有許多工具可以用於處理 XML 檔案，比如說： <ulink url="
"\"&theextensiblestysheetlanguagexsl;\">可擴充套件樣式表語言 Extensible "
"Stylesheet Language (XSL)</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Basically, once you create well formed XML file, you can convert it to any "
"format using <ulink url=\"&extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt;\">Extensible "
"Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"一旦你建立了一個好的成形的 XML 檔案，基本上來講，你就可以使用 <ulink url="
"\"&extensiblestylesnsformationsxslt;\">可擴充套件樣式表語言轉換 Extensible "
"Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)</ulink>，將其轉換成任何格式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&extensiblestylestingobjectsxslfo;\">Extensible Stylesheet "
"Language for Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)</ulink> is supposed to be solution "
"for formatting. The <literal>fop</literal> package is new to the Debian "
"<literal>main</literal> archive due to its dependence to the <ulink url="
"\"&javaprograminglanguage;\">Java programing language</ulink>. So the LaTeX "
"code is usually generated from XML using XSLT and the LaTeX system is used "
"to create printable file such as DVI, PostScript, and PDF."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&extensiblestylestingobjectsxslfo;\">格式化物件的可擴充套件樣式"
"表語言 Extensible Stylesheet Language for Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)</"
"ulink> 是用來作為格式化的解決方案. <literal>fop</literal> 軟體包比 Debian "
"<literal>main</literal> 檔案庫要新，因為它依賴 <ulink url="
"\"&javaprograminglanguage;\">Java 程式語言</ulink>. LaTeX 程式碼通常是從 XML "
"使用 XSLT 生成，LaTeX 系統是用來建立 DVI, PostScript 和 PDF 這類可列印的檔"
"案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of XML tools"
msgstr "XML 工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "xml"
msgstr "xml"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "XML document type definition (DTD) for DocBook"
msgstr "DocBook 的 XML 文件型別定義（DTD）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "xslt"
msgstr "xslt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "XSLT command line processor (XML→ XML, HTML, plain text, etc.)"
msgstr "XSLT 命令列處理器 (XML→ XML, HTML, 純文字，等等)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "xml/xslt"
msgstr "xml/xslt"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"XSL stylesheets for processing DocBook XML to various output formats with "
"XSLT"
msgstr "使用 XSLT 將 DocBook XML 處理成各種輸出格式的 XSL 樣式表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "XML-to-any converter with XSLT"
msgstr "使用 XSLT 將 XML 轉換到任意格式的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DocBook XML to .epub converter"
msgstr "DocBook XML 到 .epub 轉換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert Docbook files to DVI, PostScript, PDF documents with XSLT"
msgstr "使用 XSLT 將 Docbook 檔案轉換為 DVI, PostScript, PDF 文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "xml/xsl-fo"
msgstr "xml/xsl-fo"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert Docbook XML files to PDF"
msgstr "轉換 Docbook XML 檔案到 PDF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since XML is subset of <ulink url=\"&standardgeneralirkuplanguagesgml;"
"\">Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)</ulink>, it can be processed "
"by the extensive tools available for SGML, such as <ulink url="
"\"&documentstylesemionlanguagedsssl;\">Document Style Semantics and "
"Specification Language (DSSSL)</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"由於 XML 是 <ulink url=\"&standardgeneralirkuplanguagesgml;\">標準通用標記語"
"言 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)</ulink>的一個子集,用於處理 "
"SGML 的擴充套件工具，也能夠處理 XML，比如說 <ulink url="
"\"&documentstylesemionlanguagedsssl;\">文件式樣語言和規範語言 Document Style "
"Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL)</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of DSSSL tools"
msgstr "DSSSL 工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "dsssl"
msgstr "dsssl"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ISO/IEC 10179:1996 standard DSSSL processor (latest)"
msgstr "ISO/IEC 10179:1996 標準 DSSSL 處理器 (最新的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "xml/dsssl"
msgstr "xml/dsssl"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"DSSSL stylesheets for processing DocBook XML to various output formats with "
"DSSSL"
msgstr "使用 DSSSL 處理 DocBook XML 到各種輸出格式的 DSSSL 樣式表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities for DocBook files including conversion to other formats (HTML, "
"RTF, PS, man, PDF) with <literal>docbook2*</literal> commands with DSSSL"
msgstr ""
"DocBook 檔案的工具包，包括使用 DSSSL 的轉換成其它格式 (HTML, RTF, PS, man, "
"PDF)的 <literal>docbook2*</literal> 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "SGML/dsssl"
msgstr "SGML/dsssl"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from SGML and XML using DSSSL stylesheets"
msgstr "SGML 和 XML 使用 DSSSL 樣式表的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink>'s <literal>yelp</literal> is sometimes "
"handy to read <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink> XML files directly "
"since it renders decently on X."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnome;\">GNOME</ulink> 的 <literal>yelp</literal> 往往能夠方便"
"的直接讀取 <ulink url=\"&docbook;\">DocBook</ulink> XML 檔案，這是因為它可以"
"從 X 獲得適當的渲染。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The XML data extraction"
msgstr "XML 資料提取"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "You can extract HTML or XML data from other formats using followings."
msgstr "使用下面的方法，你能夠從其它格式提取 HTML 或 XML 資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of XML data extraction tools"
msgstr "XML 資料提取工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MSWord→any"
msgstr "MSWord→任何格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "document converter from Microsoft Word to HTML, LaTeX, etc."
msgstr "從微軟 Word 格式到 HTML, LaTeX, 等格式的檔案轉換器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "texi→html"
msgstr "texi→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from Texinfo to HTML"
msgstr "從 Texinfo 到 HTML 的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "manpage→html"
msgstr "man 手冊頁→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from manpage to HTML (CGI support)"
msgstr "從 man 手冊頁到 HTML 的轉換器(支援 CGI)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "rtf→html"
msgstr "rtf→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "document converter from RTF to HTML, etc"
msgstr "從 RTF 到 HTML 等的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "info→html"
msgstr "info→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from GNU info to HTML (CGI support)"
msgstr "從 GNU info 到 HTML 的轉換器 (支援 CGI)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "sxw→xml"
msgstr "sxw→xml"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from OpenOffice.org SXW documents to DocBook XML"
msgstr "從 OpenOffice.org SXW 文件到 DocBook XML 的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "WordPerfect→any"
msgstr "WordPerfect→任意格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "WordPerfect 5.0 and 5.1 files to TeX, LaTeX, troff, GML and HTML"
msgstr "WordPerfect 5.0 和 5.1 檔案到 TeX, LaTeX, troff, GML 和 HTML"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "troff→xml"
msgstr "troff→xml"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from troff to DocBook XML"
msgstr "troff 到 DocBook XML 的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For non-XML HTML files, you can convert them to XHTML which is an instance "
"of well formed XML.  XHTML can be processed by XML tools."
msgstr ""
"對於非 XML 的 HTML 檔案，你能夠轉換它們為 XHTML，XHTML 是一個相當成型的 XML "
"例項。XHTML 能夠被 XML 工具處理."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of XML pretty print tools"
msgstr "XML 美化列印工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "xml↔html↔xhtml"
msgstr "xml↔html↔xhtml"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"command line XML tool with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmllint</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (syntax check, "
"reformat, lint, …)"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmllint</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 XML 命令列工具 (語法檢查，重新格式化，梳理, …)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "HTML syntax checker and reformatter"
msgstr "HTML 語法檢查和重新格式化"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Once proper XML is generated, you can use XSLT technology to extract data "
"based on the mark-up context etc."
msgstr "一旦適當的 XML 生成，基於標記的內容等，你能夠使用 XSLT 技術提取資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Type setting"
msgstr "排版"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Unix <ulink url=\"&troff;\">troff</ulink> program originally developed "
"by AT&amp;T can be used for simple typesetting.  It is usually used to "
"create manpages."
msgstr ""
"Unix上的 <ulink url=\"&troff;\">troff</ulink> 程式最初是由 AT&amp;T 公司開發"
"的，可以被用做簡單排版。現在被用來建立手冊頁。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink> created by Donald Knuth is a very powerful "
"type setting tool and is the de facto standard. <ulink url=\"&latex;"
"\">LaTeX</ulink> originally written by Leslie Lamport enables a high-level "
"access to the power of TeX."
msgstr ""
"Donald Knuth 發明的 <ulink url=\"&tex;\">Tex</ulink> 是非常強大的排版工具也是"
"實際上的標準。最初是由 Leslie Lamport 開發的  <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTex</"
"ulink> 使得使用者可以更為方便的利用 Tex 的強大功能。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of type setting tools"
msgstr "排版工具的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "(La)TeX"
msgstr "(La)TeX"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "TeX system for typesetting, previewing and printing"
msgstr "用於排版、預覽和列印的 TeX 系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "troff"
msgstr "troff"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU troff text-formatting system"
msgstr "GNU troff 文字格式化系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "roff typesetting"
msgstr "roff 排版"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Traditionally, <ulink url=\"&roff;\">roff</ulink> is the main Unix text "
"processing system.  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>roff</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grotty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>troff</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_mdoc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_man</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_ms</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_me</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_mm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, and \"<literal>info groff</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"傳統意義上，<ulink url=\"&roff;\">roff</ulink> 是 Unix 上主要的文字處理系統。"
"參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>roff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grotty</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>troff</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_mdoc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_man</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_ms</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_me</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groff_mm</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 \"<literal>info "
"groff</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can read or print a good tutorial and reference on \"<literal>-me</"
"literal>\" <ulink url=\"&macro;\">macro</ulink> in \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/"
"groff/</literal>\" by installing the <literal>groff</literal> package."
msgstr ""
"安裝好 <literal>groff</literal> 軟體包以後，你輸入 \"<literal>-me</literal>"
"\" <ulink url=\"&macro;\">巨集指令</ulink>就能看到一份不錯的指導手冊，它的位"
"置是 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/groff/</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>groff -Tascii -me -</literal>\" produces plain text output with "
"<ulink url=\"&ansiescapecode;\">ANSI escape code</ulink>.  If you wish to "
"get manpage like output with many \"^H\" and \"_\", use "
"\"<literal>GROFF_NO_SGR=1 groff -Tascii -me -</literal>\" instead."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>groff -Tascii -me -</literal>\" 輸出帶有 <ulink url="
"\"&ansiescapecode;\">ANSI 轉義碼</ulink>的純文字。如果你想要 manpage 的輸出帶"
"有許多 \"^H\" 和 \"_\"，那麼使用替代命令 \"<literal>GROFF_NO_SGR=1 groff -"
"Tascii -me -</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"To remove \"^H\" and \"_\" from a text file generated by <literal>groff</"
"literal>, filter it by \"<literal>col -b -x</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"如果想要移除 <literal>groff</literal> 生成的文字檔案中的 \"^H\" 和 \"_\"，使"
"用 \"<literal>col -b -x</literal>\" 來過濾它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "TeX/LaTeX"
msgstr "TeX/LaTeX"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&texlive;\">TeX Live</ulink> software distribution offers a "
"complete TeX system.  The <literal>texlive</literal> metapackage provides a "
"decent selection of the <ulink url=\"&texlive;\">TeX Live</ulink> packages "
"which should suffice for the most common tasks."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&texlive;\">Tex Live</ulink> 軟體提供了全部的 TeX 系統。"
"<literal>texlive</literal> 元包只是 <ulink url=\"&texlive;\">TeX Live</"
"ulink> 中的一部分，但是它足夠應付日常任務。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are many references available for <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink> and "
"<ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"這裡有許多可用的 <ulink url=\"&tex;\">TeX</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&latex;"
"\">LaTeX</ulink> 的參考資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thetetexhowtothextetexlocalguide;\">The teTeX HOWTO: The Linux-"
"teTeX Local Guide</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thetetexhowtothextetexlocalguide;\">The teTeX HOWTO: The Linux-"
"teTeX Local Guide</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>latex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>latex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>texdoc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>texdoc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>texdoctk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>texdoctk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"The TeXbook\", by Donald E. Knuth, (Addison-Wesley)"
msgstr "\"The TeXbook\", 作者 Donald E. Knuth, (Addison-Wesley)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"LaTeX - A Document Preparation System\", by Leslie Lamport, (Addison-"
"Wesley)"
msgstr ""
"\"LaTeX - A Document Preparation System\", 作者 Leslie Lamport, (Addison-"
"Wesley)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"The LaTeX Companion\", by Goossens, Mittelbach, Samarin, (Addison-Wesley)"
msgstr ""
"\"The LaTeX Companion\", 作者 Goossens, Mittelbach, Samarin, (Addison-Wesley)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is the most powerful typesetting environment.  Many <ulink url=\"&sgml;"
"\">SGML</ulink> processors use this as their back end text processor.  "
"<ulink url=\"&lyx;\">Lyx</ulink> provided by the <literal>lyx</literal> "
"package and <ulink url=\"&gnutexmacs;\">GNU TeXmacs</ulink> provided by the "
"<literal>texmacs</literal> package offer nice <ulink url=\"&wysiwyg;"
"\">WYSIWYG</ulink> editing environment for <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</"
"ulink> while many use <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> and <ulink url="
"\"&vim;\">Vim</ulink> as the choice for the source editor."
msgstr ""
"這是最強大的排版環境。許多 <ulink url=\"&sgml;\">SGML</ulink> 處理器把它作為"
"其後臺字處理工具。<literal>lyx</literal> 軟體包提供的 <ulink url=\"&lyx;"
"\">Lyx</ulink> 和 <literal>texmacs</literal> 軟體包提供的 <ulink url="
"\"&gnutexmacs;\">GNU TeXmacs</ulink> 都為 <ulink url=\"&latex;\">LaTeX</"
"ulink> 提供了非常不錯的<ulink url=\"&wysiwyg;\">所見即所得</ulink>的編輯環"
"境，然而許多人使用 <ulink url=\"&emacs;\">Emacs</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"&vim;"
"\">Vim</ulink> 作為其原始碼編輯器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are many online resources available."
msgstr "有許多線上資源存在。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The TEX Live Guide - TEX Live 2007 (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/texlive-doc-"
"base/english/texlive-en/live.html</literal>\") (<literal>texlive-doc-base</"
"literal> package)"
msgstr ""
"TEX Live Guide - TEX Live 2007 (\"<literal>/usr/share/doc/texlive-doc-base/"
"english/texlive-en/live.html</literal>\") (<literal>texlive-doc-base</"
"literal> 包)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&asimpleguidetolatexlyx;\">A Simple Guide to Latex/Lyx</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&asimpleguidetolatexlyx;\">Latex/Lyx 的一個簡單指引</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&wordprocessingusinglatex;\">Word Processing Using LaTeX</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&wordprocessingusinglatex;\">使用 LaTeX 進行文書處理</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&localuserguidetotetexlatex;\">Local User Guide to teTeX/LaTeX</"
"ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&localuserguidetotetexlatex;\">teTeX/LaTeX 的本地使用者指引</"
"ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When documents become bigger, sometimes TeX may cause errors.  You must "
"increase pool size in \"<literal>/etc/texmf/texmf.cnf</literal>\" (or more "
"appropriately edit \"<literal>/etc/texmf/texmf.d/95NonPath</literal>\" and "
"run <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-texmf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>) to fix this."
msgstr ""
"當文件變得更大時，TeX 有時會出錯。你必須在 \"<literal>/etc/texmf/texmf.cnf</"
"literal>\" 中增加 pool 的大小 (更確切的說話是編輯是 \"<literal>/etc/texmf/"
"texmf.d/95NonPath</literal>\" 並且執行 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>update-"
"texmf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>) 來修復此問題。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The TeX source of \"The TeXbook\" is available at <ulink url="
"\"&httptugctanorgteisttextexbooktex;\">http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/"
"systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex</ulink>. This file contains most of the "
"required macros.  I heard that you can process this document with "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> after commenting lines 7 to 10 and adding \"<literal>\\input "
"manmac \\proofmodefalse</literal>\". It's strongly recommended to buy this "
"book (and all other books from Donald E. Knuth) instead of using the online "
"version but the source is a great example of TeX input!"
msgstr ""
"\"The TeXbook\" 的 TeX 原始碼可以從 <ulink url="
"\"&httptugctanorgteisttextexbooktex;\">http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/"
"systems/knuth/dist/tex/texbook.tex</ulink> 上下載。此檔案包含了絕大多數所需的"
"巨集指令。我聽說把文件中的第7到第10行註釋了並且新增 \"<literal>\\input "
"manmac \\proofmodefalse</literal>\"，就可以用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 來處理此文件。我強烈建議去購買這本書 (還有 Donald E. Knuth 寫的"
"其他書) 而不是使用線上版本，但是線上版本中的原始碼確實是學習 Tex 輸入很好的例"
"子！"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Pretty print a manual page"
msgstr "漂亮的列印手冊頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can print a manual page in PostScript nicely by one of the following "
"commands."
msgstr "你能夠用如下任意一個命令在印表機上漂亮的列印手冊頁。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ man -Tps some_manpage | lpr"
msgstr "$ man -Tps some_manpage | lpr"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Creating a manual page"
msgstr "建立手冊頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although writing a manual page (manpage) in the plain <ulink url=\"&troff;"
"\">troff</ulink> format is possible, there are few helper packages to create "
"it."
msgstr ""
"儘管用純 <ulink url=\"&troff;\">troff</ulink> 格式寫手冊頁（manpage）是可能"
"的，這裡還是有一些輔助的程式包用於建立手冊頁。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages to help creating the manpage"
msgstr "建立手冊頁的工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "SGML→manpage"
msgstr "SGML→man 手冊頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from DocBook SGML into roff man macros"
msgstr "從 DocBook SGML 到 roff 手冊頁巨集指令的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text→manpage"
msgstr "text→man 手冊頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "automatic manpage generator from --help"
msgstr "通過 --help 引數自動生成手冊頁的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "info→manpage"
msgstr "info→man 手冊頁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from GNU info to POD or man pages"
msgstr "轉換 GNU info 到 POD 或手冊頁的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert flat ASCII text to man page format"
msgstr "把純粹的 ASCII 文字轉化為手冊頁格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Printable data"
msgstr "可印刷的資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Printable data is expressed in the <ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</"
"ulink> format on the Debian system.  <ulink url="
"\"&commonunixprintingsystemcups;\">Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)</"
"ulink> uses Ghostscript as its rasterizer backend program for non-PostScript "
"printers."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 系統中，可列印的資料是 <ulink url=\"&postscript;\">PostScript</"
"ulink> 格式的。對於非 PostScript 印表機，<ulink url="
"\"&commonunixprintingsystemcups;\">通用 Unix 列印系統 (CUPS)</ulink> 使用 "
"Ghostscript 作為其後臺光柵處理程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Ghostscript"
msgstr "Ghostscript"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The core of printable data manipulation is the <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;"
"\">Ghostscript</ulink> <ulink url=\"&postscriptps;\">PostScript (PS)</ulink> "
"interpreter which generates raster image."
msgstr ""
"處理可印刷的資料的核心是 <ulink url=\"&ghostscript;\">Ghostscript</ulink> "
"<ulink url=\"&postscriptps;\">PostScript</ulink> 直譯器，它能夠生成光柵影象。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The latest upstream Ghostscript from Artifex was re-licensed from AFPL to "
"GPL and merged all the latest ESP version changes such as CUPS related ones "
"at 8.60 release as unified release."
msgstr ""
"來自 Artifex 的最新上游 Ghostscript 軟體包的許可從 AFPL 變成 GPL，並且釋出的"
"是合併版本，其中合併了最新的 ESP 版本的改變，例如 CUPS 8.60版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of Ghostscript PostScript interpreters"
msgstr "Ghostscript PostScript 直譯器列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thegplghostscripptpdfinterpreter;\">The GPL Ghostscript "
"PostScript/PDF interpreter</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thegplghostscripptpdfinterpreter;\">GPL Ghostscript PostScript/"
"PDF 直譯器</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GPL Ghostscript PostScript/PDF interpreter - X display support"
msgstr "GPL Ghostscript PostScript/PDF 直譯器-X 顯示支援"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PDF rendering library forked from the xpdf PDF viewer"
msgstr "PDF 渲染庫 (xpdf PDF 瀏覽器的分支)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PDF rendering library (GLib-based shared library)"
msgstr "PDF 渲染庫（基於 Glib 的共享庫)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"CMaps for PDF rendering library (for <ulink url=\"&cjk;\">CJK</ulink> "
"support: Adobe-*)"
msgstr ""
"用於 PDF 渲染庫的 CMaps (<ulink url=\"&cjk;\">CJK</ulink> 支援：Adobe-*)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>gs -h</literal>\" can display the configuration of Ghostscript."
msgstr "\"<literal>gs -h</literal>\" 能夠顯示 Ghostscript 的配置資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Merge two PS or PDF files"
msgstr "合併兩個 PS 或 PDF 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can merge two <ulink url=\"&postscriptps;\">PostScript (PS)</ulink> or "
"<ulink url=\"&portabledocumentformatpdf;\">Portable Document Format (PDF)</"
"ulink> files using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> of Ghostscript."
msgstr ""
"你能夠使用 Ghostscript 中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gs</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來合併兩個 <ulink url="
"\"&postscriptps;\">PostScript(PS)</ulink> 或<ulink url="
"\"&portabledocumentformatpdf;\">可移植文件格式（PDF）</ulink> 檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=bla.ps -f foo1.ps foo2.ps\n"
"$ gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=bla.pdf -f foo1.pdf foo2.pdf"
msgstr ""
"$ gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=bla.ps -f foo1.ps foo2.ps\n"
"$ gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=bla.pdf -f foo1.pdf foo2.pdf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&pdf;\">PDF</ulink>, which is a widely used cross-platform "
"printable data format, is essentially the compressed <ulink url=\"&ps;\">PS</"
"ulink> format with few additional features and extensions."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&pdf;\">PDF</ulink> 是用途很廣的跨平臺可印刷的資料格式，它本質上"
"是帶有一些額外特性和擴充套件的壓縮了的 <ulink url=\"&ps;\">PS</ulink> 格式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"For command line, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>psmerge</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and other commands "
"from the <literal>psutils</literal> package are useful for manipulating "
"PostScript documents.  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pdftk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> from the "
"<literal>pdftk</literal> package is useful for manipulating PDF documents, "
"too."
msgstr ""
"對於命令列來說，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>psmerge</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <literal>psutils</"
"literal> 包中的其他命令在處理 PostScript 文件時是很有用的。<literal>pdftk</"
"literal> 包中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pdftk</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 在處理 PDF 文件的時候同"
"樣是很好用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Printable data utilities"
msgstr "處理可印刷資料的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The following packages for the printable data utilities caught my eyes."
msgstr "如下是處理可印刷資料的工具列表。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of printable data utilities"
msgstr "處理可印刷資料的工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pdf→ps,text,…"
msgstr "pdf→ps,text,…"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"PDF utilities: <literal>pdftops</literal>, <literal>pdfinfo</literal>, "
"<literal>pdfimages</literal>, <literal>pdftotext</literal>, "
"<literal>pdffonts</literal>"
msgstr ""
"PDF 工具：<literal>pdftops</literal>, <literal>pdfinfo</literal>, "
"<literal>pdfimages</literal>, <literal>pdftotext</literal>, "
"<literal>pdffonts</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps→ps"
msgstr "ps→ps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PostScript document conversion tools"
msgstr "PostScript 檔案轉換工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "create large posters out of PostScript pages"
msgstr "用 PostScript 頁製作大型海報"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text→ps, html, rtf"
msgstr "text→ps, html, rtf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert ASCII text to PostScript, HTML, RTF or Pretty-Print"
msgstr "轉化 ASCII 文字到 PostScript, HTML, RTF 或 Pretty-Print"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "text→ps"
msgstr "text→ps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "'Anything to PostScript' converter and pretty-printer"
msgstr "'任何文字到 PostScript' 的轉換器並且也是相當不錯的列印程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "pdf→pdf"
msgstr "pdf→pdf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PDF document conversion tool: <literal>pdftk</literal>"
msgstr "PDF 文件轉換工具：<literal>pdftk</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "html→ps"
msgstr "html→ps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from HTML to PostScript"
msgstr "從 HTML 到 PostScript 的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "html→latex"
msgstr "html→latex"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from html to latex"
msgstr "從 html 到 latex 的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "latex→rtf"
msgstr "latex→rtf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert documents from LaTeX to RTF which can be read by MS Word"
msgstr "轉換 LaTeX 文件到能被 Microsoft Word 讀取的 RTF 格式的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps→eps"
msgstr "ps→eps"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from PostScript to EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)"
msgstr "從 PostScript 到 EPS（Encapsulated PostScript）的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Text to PostScript converter with Japanese encoding support"
msgstr "帶有日文編碼支援的文字到 PostScript 轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PostScript utilities"
msgstr "PostScript 工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"pretty print many source codes (C, C++, Java, Pascal, Perl, Pike, Sh, and "
"Verilog) to PostScript. (C language)"
msgstr ""
"漂亮的列印許多源程式（C, C++, Java, Pascal, Perl, Pike, Sh, 和 Verilog）到 "
"PostScript。(C 語言)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps→svg"
msgstr "ps→svg"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"converter from PDF to <ulink url=\"&scalablevectorgraphics;\">Scalable "
"vector graphics</ulink> format"
msgstr ""
"PDF 到<ulink url=\"&scalablevectorgraphics;\">可升級的向量圖形</ulink>格式的"
"轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps→ipe"
msgstr "ps→ipe"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from PDF to IPE's XML format"
msgstr "從 PDF 到 IPE‘s XML 格式的轉換器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Printing with CUPS"
msgstr "用 CUPS 列印"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Both <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands offered by "
"<ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystemcups;\">Common Unix Printing System "
"(CUPS)</ulink> provides options for customized printing the printable data."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&commonunixprintingsystemcups;\">Unix 通用列印系統（CUPS）</"
"ulink> 中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpr</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令都提供了自定義列印"
"資料的選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can print 3 copies of a file collated using one of the following "
"commands."
msgstr "你可以使用下列命令中的一個來列印 3 份有裝訂頁碼的檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ lp -n 3 -o Collate=True filename"
msgstr "$ lp -n 3 -o Collate=True filename"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ lpr -#3 -o Collate=True filename"
msgstr "$ lpr -#3 -o Collate=True filename"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can further customize printer operation by using printer option such as "
"\"<literal>-o number-up=2</literal>\", \"<literal>-o page-set=even</literal>"
"\", \"<literal>-o page-set=odd</literal>\", \"<literal>-o scaling=200</"
"literal>\", \"<literal>-o natural-scaling=200</literal>\", etc., documented "
"at <ulink url=\"&commandlineprintingandoptions;\">Command-Line Printing and "
"Options</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"你能夠通過 \"<literal>-o number-up=2</literal>\", \"<literal>-o page-"
"set=even</literal>\", \"<literal>-o page-set=odd</literal>\", \"<literal>-o "
"scaling=200</literal>\", \"<literal>-o natural-scaling=200</literal>\" 等等印"
"表機選項來進一步定製印表機操作，詳細的文件參見<ulink url="
"\"&commandlineprintingandoptions;\">命令列列印和選項</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The mail data conversion"
msgstr "郵件資料轉換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "The following packages for the mail data conversion caught my eyes."
msgstr "下列郵件資料轉換軟體包捕獲了我的眼球。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages to help mail data conversion"
msgstr "有助於郵件資料轉換的軟體包列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "mail"
msgstr "郵件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>unshar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>uuencode</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uudecode</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>unshar</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>uuencode</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uudecode</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "MIME"
msgstr "MIME"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"encoding and decoding of <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> messages: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mpack</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>munpack</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"編碼和解碼 <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> 資訊: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mpack</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>munpack</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ms-tnef"
msgstr "ms-tnef"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"unpacking <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> attachments of type "
"\"application/ms-tnef\" which is a Microsoft only format"
msgstr ""
"解包 <ulink url=\"&mime;\">MIME</ulink> 附件型別 \"application/ms-tnef\"，該"
"格式僅由微軟使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"encoder and decoder for the following formats: <ulink url=\"&uuencode;"
"\">uuencode</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&xxencode;\">xxencode</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"&basege;\">BASE64</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&quotedprintable;\">quoted "
"printable</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&binhex;\">BinHex</ulink>"
msgstr ""
"下列格式的編碼器和解碼器: <ulink url=\"&uuencode;\">uuencode</ulink>, <ulink "
"url=\"&xxencode;\">xxencode</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&basege;\">BASE64</ulink>, "
"<ulink url=\"&quotedprintable;\">quoted printable</ulink> 和 <ulink url="
"\"&binhex;\">BinHex</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&internetmessageaccessprotocol;\">Internet Message Access "
"Protocol</ulink> version 4 (IMAP4) server (see <xref linkend="
"\"_pop3_imap4_server\"/>) may be used to move mails out from proprietary "
"mail systems if the mail client software can be configured to use IMAP4 "
"server too."
msgstr ""
"如果郵件客戶端可以配置使用 IMAP4 伺服器，<ulink url="
"\"&internetmessageaccessprotocol;\">網際網路訊息訪問協議</ulink> 版本 4 "
"(IMAP4) 伺服器 (參見 <xref linkend=\"_pop3_imap4_server\"/>) 可以用來把郵件從"
"專有郵件系統裡面移出來。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Mail data basics"
msgstr "郵件資料基礎"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Mail (<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink>) data should be limited to series "
"of 7 bit data.  So binary data and 8 bit text data are encoded into 7 bit "
"format with the <ulink url=\"&multipurposeinteilextensionsmime;"
"\">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)</ulink> and the selection of "
"the charset (see <xref linkend=\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"郵件 (<ulink url=\"&smtp;\">SMTP</ulink>) 資料需要被限制為 7 位資料序列。二進"
"位制資料和 8 位文字資料使用 <ulink url=\"&multipurposeinteilextensionsmime;"
"\">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) 網際網路多用途郵件擴充套件</"
"ulink> 和選擇的字符集編碼到 7 位格式。(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_basics_of_encoding\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The standard mail storage format is mbox formatted according to <ulink url="
"\"&rfcciccupdatedrfcicc;\">RFC2822 (updated RFC822)</ulink>.  See "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mbox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (provided by the <literal>mutt</literal> package)."
msgstr ""
"標準的郵件儲存格式是 mbox，它是依據 <ulink url=\"&rfcciccupdatedrfcicc;"
"\">RFC2822 (由 RFC822 更新)</ulink> 來的格式. 參見 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mbox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> (由 <literal>mutt</literal> 軟體包提供)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For European languages, \"<literal>Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-"
"printable</literal>\" with the ISO-8859-1 charset is usually used for mail "
"since there are not much 8 bit characters. If European text is encoded in "
"UTF-8, \"<literal>Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable</literal>\" is "
"likely to be used since it is mostly 7 bit data."
msgstr ""
"對於歐洲語言,由於沒有什麼 8 位字元，\"<literal>Content-Transfer-Encoding: "
"quoted-printable</literal>\" 加 ISO-8859-1 字符集通常被用於郵件。如果歐洲文字"
"是被編碼為 UTF-8,由於幾乎全是 7 位資料，使用 \"<literal>Content-Transfer-"
"Encoding: quoted-printable</literal>\" 也是合適的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For Japanese, traditionally \"<literal>Content-Type: text/plain; "
"charset=ISO-2022-JP</literal>\" is usually used for mail to keep text in 7 "
"bits.  But older Microsoft systems may send mail data in Shift-JIS without "
"proper declaration.  If Japanese text is encoded in UTF-8, <ulink url="
"\"&basege;\">Base64</ulink> is likely to be used since it contains many 8 "
"bit data.  The situation of other Asian languages is similar."
msgstr ""
"對於日語，傳統的 \"<literal>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-2022-JP</"
"literal>\" 通常被用於郵件來保持文字在 7 位。但是老的微軟系統會在沒有宣告的情"
"況下使用 Shift-JIS 來發送郵件。如果日語文字是用 UTF-8 編碼, 由於含有許多 8 位"
"資料，使用 <ulink url=\"&basege;\">Base64</ulink> 是合適的。其它亞洲語言也是"
"類似情形。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If your non-Unix mail data is accessible by a non-Debian client software "
"which can talk to the IMAP4 server, you may be able to move them out by "
"running your own IMAP4 server (see <xref linkend=\"_pop3_imap4_server\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"如果你的非 Unix 郵件資料可以通過一個具備和 IMAP4 服務通訊的非 Debian 客戶端訪"
"問，你可以通過執行你的 IMAP4 服務來將郵件資料移出。(參見 <xref linkend="
"\"_pop3_imap4_server\"/>)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you use other mail storage formats, moving them to mbox format is the "
"good first step.  The versatile client program such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mutt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> may be handy for this."
msgstr ""
"如果你使用其它郵件儲存格式，第一步把它們移動到 mbox 格式比較好。像 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mutt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 這樣多功能的客戶端程式可以便捷的完成這類操作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can split mailbox contents to each message using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>formail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>procmail</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>formail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 把郵箱內容分開成每一封郵件."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each mail message can be unpacked using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>munpack</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> from the <literal>mpack</literal> package (or "
"other specialized tools) to obtain the MIME encoded contents."
msgstr ""
"每一封郵件能夠使用來自 <literal>mpack</literal> 軟體包的 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>munpack</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令（或其它特異的工具）來獲得 MIME 編碼內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Graphic data tools"
msgstr "圖形資料工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The following packages for the graphic data conversion, editing, and "
"organization tools caught my eyes."
msgstr "如下是關於圖形資料轉換、編輯和管理的工具包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of graphic data tools"
msgstr "圖形資料工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image(bitmap)"
msgstr "圖形(點陣圖）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU Image Manipulation Program"
msgstr "GNU 圖形處理程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image manipulation programs"
msgstr "圖形處理程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image manipulation programs (fork of <literal>imagemagick</literal>)"
msgstr "影象處理程式（<literal>imagemagick</literal>派生出來的)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GTK+-based X11 frontend for SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy)"
msgstr "用於 SANE 的基於 GTK+ 的前端圖形介面 (現在訪問掃描器就很簡單了)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "graphics conversion tools"
msgstr "圖形介面的轉換工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "png↔ico(bitmap)"
msgstr "png↔ico(bitmap)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"convert <ulink url=\"&mswindowsiconsanndfrompngformats;\">MS Windows icons "
"and cursors to and from PNG formats</ulink> (<ulink url=\"&faviconico;"
"\">favicon.ico</ulink>)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&mswindowsiconsanndfrompngformats;\">MS Windows 符號和游標轉化"
"為 PNG 格式，或者從 PNG 格式轉化為點陣圖格式</ulink> (<ulink url="
"\"&faviconico;\">favicon.ico</ulink>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps/pdf/SVG/…"
msgstr "ps/pdf/SVG/…"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<ulink url=\"&scribus;\">Scribus</ulink> DTP editor"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&scribus;\">Scribus</ulink> DTP 編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image(vector)"
msgstr "圖形（向量）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "LibreOffice office suite - drawing"
msgstr "LibreOffice 辦公套件-繪畫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&svgscalablevectorgraphics;\">SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)</"
"ulink> editor"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&svgscalablevectorgraphics;\">SVG（可升級向量圖形)</ulink>編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "diagram editor (Gtk)"
msgid "diagram editor (Gtk)"
msgstr "圖表編輯器（Gtk）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Facility for Interactive Generation of figures under X11"
msgstr "在圖形介面下，互動式的生成影象變得方便"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ps/pdf→image(vector)"
msgstr "ps/pdf→image(向量)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PostScript and PDF files to editable vector graphics converter (SVG)"
msgstr "PostScript 和 PDF 檔案到可編輯的向量圖形的轉換器（SVG）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Windows/image(vector)"
msgstr "Windows/image(向量)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Windows metafile (vector graphic data) conversion tools"
msgstr "Windows 元檔案 (向量圖形資料) 轉換工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "fig→sxd(vector)"
msgstr "fig→sxd(向量)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "convert XFig files to OpenOffice.org Draw format"
msgstr "轉換 XFig 檔案為 OpenOffice.org 繪畫格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image→image"
msgstr "image→image"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"post-processing tool for scanned pages for <ulink url=\"&ocr;\">OCR</ulink>"
msgstr "後處理 <ulink url=\"&ocr;\">OCR</ulink> 掃描頁面的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image→text"
msgstr "image→text"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"free <ulink url=\"&ocr;\">OCR</ulink> software based on the HP's commercial "
"OCR engine"
msgstr "基於惠普的商業 OCR 引擎的免費 <ulink url=\"&ocr;\">OCR</ulink> 軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "OCR engine data: tesseract-ocr language files for English text"
msgstr "OCR 引擎資料：用於英文文字的 tesseract-ocr 語言檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "free OCR software"
msgstr "免費 OCR 軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image(Exif)"
msgstr "影象(Exif)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Eye of GNOME graphics viewer program"
msgstr "Eye of GNOME 影象瀏覽程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image viewer and browser (GNOME)"
msgstr "影象瀏覽器（GNOME）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image viewer using GTK+"
msgstr "基於 GTK+ 的影象瀏覽器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "digital photo organizer (GNOME)"
msgstr "數碼相片管理器（GNOME）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "application for retrieving media from digital cameras (GTK+)"
msgstr "從數碼照相機中檢索多媒體資料的應用 (GTK+)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "The gphoto2 digital camera command-line client"
msgstr "gphoto2 軟體是命令列方式的管理數碼相機的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image viewer (KDE)"
msgstr "圖片瀏覽器（KDE）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "digital camera support for KDE applications"
msgstr "KDE 上的支援數碼相機的應用軟體"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "digital photo management application for KDE"
msgstr "用於 KDE 桌面環境的數字照片管理應用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "EXIF/IPTC metadata manipulation tool"
msgstr "EXIF/IPTC 元資料處理工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "transform digital camera jpeg images"
msgstr "改變數碼照相機的 jpeg 影象格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"manipulate the non-image part of Exif compliant JPEG (digital camera photo) "
"files"
msgstr "處理相容 JPEG 檔案 (數碼相機圖片) 的 Exif 中的非圖形部分"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "command-line utility to show EXIF information in JPEG files"
msgstr "顯示 JPEG 檔案中的 EXIF 資訊的命令列工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "utility to read Exif tags from a digital camera JPEG file"
msgstr "從數碼相機的 JPEG 檔案讀取 Exif 標籤的實用工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "read metadata from digital pictures"
msgstr "從數碼圖片中讀取元資料"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image(Raw)→ppm"
msgstr "image(原始的)→ppm"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "decode raw digital camera images"
msgstr "解碼原始的數碼相機圖片"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image→fingerprint"
msgstr "image→fingerprint"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "find visually similar or duplicate images"
msgstr "找到相似或重複的影象"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "merge images to increase fidelity or create mosaics"
msgstr "合併影象來增加保真度或者用於建立馬賽克"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "image(Exif)→html"
msgstr "image(Exif)→html"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "generate static HTML galleries from images"
msgstr "從圖形中建立靜態 HTML 相簿"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "jpeg,png"
msgstr "jpeg,png"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "universal <ulink url=\"&steganographic;\">Steganographic</ulink> tool"
msgstr "通用的 <ulink url=\"&steganographic;\">Steganographic</ulink> 工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "DXF"
msgstr "DXF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "CAD data editor (KDE)"
msgstr "CAD 資料編輯器（KDE）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "blend, TIFF, VRML, …"
msgstr "blend, TIFF, VRML, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "3D content editor for animation etc"
msgstr "用於動畫的 3D 編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ms3d, obj, dxf, …"
msgstr "ms3d, obj, dxf, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "OpenGL based 3D model editor"
msgstr "基於 OpenGL 的 3D 模型編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ttf, ps, …"
msgstr "ttf, ps, …"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "metapackage for open font design"
msgstr "用於開放字型設計的元包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "font editor for PS, TrueType and OpenType fonts"
msgstr "用於 PS，TrueType 和 OpenType 的字型編輯器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ttf"
msgstr "ttf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"program for <ulink url=\"&gridfittingandhinting;\">gridfitting and hinting</"
"ulink> TrueType fonts"
msgstr ""
"用於TrueType 字型的 <ulink url=\"&gridfittingandhinting;\">網格擬合和小字還原"
"技術</ulink> 的程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Search more image tools using regex \"<literal>~Gworks-with::image</literal>"
"\" in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_search_method_options_with_aptitude\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> （參考<xref linkend="
"\"_search_method_options_with_aptitude\"/>）中用正則表示式 "
"\"<literal>~Gworks-with::image</literal>\" 來查詢更多的影象工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although GUI programs such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gimp</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> are very powerful, "
"command line tools such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>imagemagick</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> are quite useful for "
"automating image manipulation via scripts."
msgstr ""
"雖然像 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gimp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 這樣的圖形介面程式是非常強大的，但像 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>imagemagick</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 這樣的命令列工具在用指令碼自動化處理影象時是很有用"
"的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The de facto image file format of the digital camera is the <ulink url="
"\"&exchangeableimagefileformat;\">Exchangeable Image File Format</ulink> "
"(EXIF) which is the <ulink url=\"&jpeg;\">JPEG</ulink> image file format "
"with additional metadata tags.  It can hold information such as date, time, "
"and camera settings."
msgstr ""
"實際上的數碼相機的影象是<ulink url=\"&exchangeableimagefileformat;\">可交換的"
"影象檔案格式</ulink>(EXIF)，這種格式是在 <ulink url=\"&jpeg;\">JPEG</ulink> "
"影象檔案格式上新增一些元資料標籤。它能夠儲存諸如日期、時間和相機設定的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&thelempelzivwelcsdatacompression;\">The Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) "
"lossless data compression</ulink> patent has been expired.  <ulink url="
"\"&graphicsinterchangeformatgif;\">Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)</ulink> "
"utilities which use the LZW compression method are now freely available on "
"the Debian system."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&thelempelzivwelcsdatacompression;\">The Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW)"
"無損資料壓縮</ulink>專利已經過期了。使用 LZW 壓縮方式的 <ulink url="
"\"&graphicsinterchangeformatgif;\">圖形互動格式（GIF）</ulink>工具現在可以在 "
"Debian 系統上自由使用了。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Any digital camera or scanner with removable recording media works with "
"Linux through <ulink url=\"&usbstorage;\">USB storage</ulink> readers since "
"it follows the <ulink url=\"&designruleforcamerafilesystem;\">Design rule "
"for Camera Filesystem</ulink> and uses <ulink url=\"&fat;\">FAT</ulink> "
"filesystem. See <xref linkend=\"_removable_storage_device\"/>."
msgstr ""
"任何帶有可移動記錄介質的數碼相機或掃描器都可以在 Linux 上通過 <ulink url="
"\"&usbstorage;\">USB 儲存</ulink>讀取器來工作，因為它遵循<ulink url="
"\"&designruleforcamerafilesystem;\">相機檔案系統設計規則</ulink>並且使用 "
"<ulink url=\"&fat;\">FAT</ulink> 檔案系統，參考<xref linkend="
"\"_removable_storage_device\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Miscellaneous data conversion"
msgstr "不同種類的資料轉換工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are many other programs for converting data. Following packages caught "
"my eyes using regex \"<literal>~Guse::converting</literal>\" in "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> (see <xref linkend="
"\"_search_method_options_with_aptitude\"/>)."
msgstr ""
"這裡有許多其他用於資料轉換的工具。在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>aptitude</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>（參考 <xref linkend="
"\"_search_method_options_with_aptitude\"/>） 裡用正則表示式 "
"\"<literal>~Guse::converting\"</literal>\" 來查詢如下的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of miscellaneous data conversion tools"
msgstr "不同種類的資料轉換工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "rpm/tgz→deb"
msgstr "rpm/tgz→deb"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter for the foreign package into the Debian package"
msgstr "把外來的軟體包轉換為 Debian 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "EB→EPWING"
msgstr "EB→EPWING"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"converter from \"Electric Book\" (popular in Japan) to a single <ulink url="
"\"&jisxeaib;\">JIS X 4081</ulink> format (a subset of the <ulink url="
"\"&epwing;\">EPWING</ulink> V1)"
msgstr ""
"把 \"電子書\" (在日本流行) 變成單一的 <ulink url=\"&jisxeaib;\">JIS X 4081</"
"ulink> 格式 (<ulink url=\"&epwing;\">EPWING</ulink> V1 的子集）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "any→EPUB"
msgstr "any→EPUB"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "You can also extract data from RPM format with the following."
msgstr "你能夠通過如下的命令從 RPM 格式的包中提取資料。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ rpm2cpio file.src.rpm | cpio --extract"
msgstr "$ rpm2cpio file.src.rpm | cpio --extract"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "Programming"
msgstr "編程"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I provide some pointers for people to learn programming on the Debian system "
"enough to trace the packaged source code.  Here are notable packages and "
"corresponding documentation packages for programming."
msgstr ""
"這裡我給出一些 Debian 系統中的資訊，幫助學習程式設計的人找出打包的原始碼。下"
"面是值得關注的軟體包和與之對應的文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><title>
msgid "List of packages to help programming"
msgstr "幫助程式設計的軟體包清單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "documentation"
msgstr "包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info autoconf</literal>\" provided by <literal>autoconf-doc</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"由 <literal>autoconf-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info autoconf</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info automake</literal>\" provided by <literal>automake1.10-doc</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"由 <literal>automake1.10-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info automake</"
"literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info bash</literal>\" provided by <literal>bash-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由  <literal>bash-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info bash</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info bison</literal>\" provided by <literal>bison-doc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"由 <literal>bison-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info bison</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>info cpp</literal>\" provided by <literal>cpp-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由 <literal>cpp-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info cpp</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>info ddd</literal>\" provided by <literal>ddd-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由 <literal>ddd-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info ddd</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exuberant-ctags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>exuberant-ctags</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info flex</literal>\" provided by <literal>flex-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由 <literal>flex-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info flex</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info gawk</literal>\" provided by <literal>gawk-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由 <literal>gawk-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info gawk</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>info gcc</literal>\" provided by <literal>gcc-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由 <literal>gcc-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info gcc</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>info gdb</literal>\" provided by <literal>gdb-doc</literal>"
msgstr "由 <literal>gdb-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info gdb</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info gettext</literal>\" provided by <literal>gettext-doc</"
"literal>"
msgstr ""
"由 <literal>gettext-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info gettext</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info gfortran</literal>\" provided by <literal>gfortran-doc</"
"literal> (Fortran 95)"
msgstr ""
"由 <literal>gfortran-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info gfortran</"
"literal>”（Fortran 95）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and html by <literal>fp-docs</literal> (Pascal)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fpc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和由 <literal>fp-docs</literal> 包提供的 html 文檔（Pascal）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "help provided via menu (UI Builder)"
msgstr "通過 UI Builder 菜單提供的文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info libc</literal>\" provided by <literal>glibc-doc</literal> "
"and <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal>"
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>glibc-doc</literal> 和 <literal>glibc-doc-reference</literal> "
"提供的“<literal>info libc</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>info make</literal>\" provided by <literal>make-doc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"通過 <literal>make-doc</literal> 包提供的“<literal>info make</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>imake</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmkmf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, etc."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>imake</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmkmf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mawk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mawk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and html pages provided by <literal>perl-doc</literal> and "
"<literal>perl-doc-html</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>perl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及通過 <literal>perl-doc</literal> 和 <literal>perl-doc-"
"html</literal> 提供的 html 文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and html pages provided by <literal>python-doc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及通過 <literal>python-doc</literal> 包提供的 html 文檔"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and detail manual pages provided by <literal>tcl-doc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及通過 <literal>tcl-doc</literal> 包提供的更詳細的手冊頁文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and detail manual pages provided by <literal>tk-doc</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及通過 <literal>tk-doc</literal> 包提供的更詳細的手冊頁文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ruby</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and interactive reference provided by <literal>ri</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ruby</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 以及通過 <literal>ri</literal> 包提供的交互式參考手冊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "help(F1) menu provided by <literal>vim-doc</literal>"
msgstr "通過 <literal>vim-doc</literal> 包提供的幫助（F1）菜單"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"fetch \"<ulink url=\"&thesingleunixspecificationsvc;\">The Single UNIX "
"Specifications v2</ulink>\""
msgstr ""
"通過“<ulink url=\"&thesingleunixspecificationsvc;\">單一UNIX規範（版本2）</"
"ulink>”獲取（英語文檔）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"fetch \"<ulink url=\"&thesingleunixspecificationsvd;\">The Single UNIX "
"Specifications v3</ulink>\""
msgstr ""
"通過“<ulink url=\"&thesingleunixspecificationsvd;\">單一UNIX規範（版本3）</"
"ulink>”獲取（英語文檔）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Online references are available by typing \"<literal>man name</literal>\" "
"after installing <literal>manpages</literal> and <literal>manpages-dev</"
"literal> packages. Online references for the GNU tools are available by "
"typing \"<literal>info program_name</literal>\" after installing the "
"pertinent documentation packages.  You may need to include the "
"<literal>contrib</literal> and <literal>non-free</literal> archives in "
"addition to the <literal>main</literal> archive since some GFDL "
"documentations are not considered to be DFSG compliant."
msgstr ""
"安裝 <literal>manpages</literal> 和 <literal>manpages-dev</literal> 包之後，"
"可以通過運行“<literal>man 名稱</literal>”查看手冊頁中的參考信息。安裝了 GNU "
"工具的相關文檔包之後，可以通過運行“<literal>info 程序名稱</literal>”查看參考"
"文檔。某些 GFDL 協議的文檔與 DFSG 並不兼容，所以你可能需要在 <literal>main</"
"literal> 倉庫中包含 <literal>contrib</literal> 和 <literal>non-free</"
"literal> 才能下載並安裝它們。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not use \"<literal>test</literal>\" as the name of an executable test "
"file.  \"<literal>test</literal>\" is a shell builtin."
msgstr ""
"不要用“<literal>test</literal>”作爲可執行的測試文件的名字，因爲 shell 中內建"
"有“<literal>test</literal>”命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><caution><para>
msgid ""
"You should install software programs directly compiled from source into "
"\"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" or \"<literal>/opt</literal>\" to avoid "
"collision with system programs."
msgstr ""
"你可以把從源代碼編譯得到的程序直接放到“<literal>/usr/local</"
"literal>”或“<literal>/opt</literal>”目錄，這樣可以避免與系統程序撞車。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><tip><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&codeexamplesofcrgjjbottlesofbeer;\">Code examples of creating "
"\"Song 99 Bottles of Beer\"</ulink> should give you good ideas of "
"practically all the programming languages."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&codeexamplesofcrgjjbottlesofbeer;\">“歌曲：99瓶啤酒”的代碼示例"
"</ulink>可以給你提供實踐各種語言的好範本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The shell script"
msgstr "Shell 腳本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&shellscript;\">shell script</ulink> is a text file with "
"the execution bit set and contains the commands in the following format."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&shellscript;\">Shell  腳本</ulink> 是指包含有下面格式的可執行的"
"文本文件。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
" ... command lines"
msgstr ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"…… 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The first line specifies the shell interpreter which read and execute this "
"file contents."
msgstr "第一行指明瞭讀取並執行這個文件的 shell 解釋器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Reading shell scripts is the <emphasis role=\"strong\">best</emphasis> way "
"to understand how a Unix-like system works.  Here, I give some pointers and "
"reminders for shell programming. See \"Shell Mistakes\" (<ulink url="
"\"&httpwwwgreenendokcaabaeshellhtml;\">http://www.greenend.org.uk/"
"rjk/2001/04/shell.html</ulink>) to learn from mistakes."
msgstr ""
"讀懂 shell 腳本的<emphasis role=\"strong\">最好</emphasis> 辦法是先理解類 "
"UNIX 系統是如何工作的。這裏有一些 shell 編程的提示。看看“Shell 錯誤”（<ulink "
"url=\"&httpwwwgreenendokcaabaeshellhtml;\">http://www.greenend.org.uk/"
"rjk/2001/04/shell.html</ulink>），可以從錯誤中學習。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Unlike shell interactive mode (see <xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command"
"\"/> and <xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/>), shell scripts "
"frequently use parameters, conditionals, and loops."
msgstr ""
"不像 shell 交互模式（參見<xref linkend=\"_the_simple_shell_command\"/> 和 "
"<xref linkend=\"_unix_like_text_processing\"/>），shell 腳本會頻繁使用參數、"
"條件和循環等。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "POSIX shell compatibility"
msgstr "POSIX shell 兼容性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many system scripts may be interpreted by any one of <ulink url=\"&posix;"
"\">POSIX</ulink> shells (see <xref linkend=\"list-of-shell-programs\"/>).  "
"The default shell for the system is \"<literal>/bin/sh</literal>\" which is "
"a symlink pointing to the actual program."
msgstr ""
"系統中的許多腳本都可以通過任意 <ulink url=\"&posix;\">POSIX</ulink> shell（參"
"見 <xref linkend=\"list-of-shell-programs\"/>）來執行。系統的默認 shell "
"是“<literal>/bin/sh</literal>”，它是某個實際 shell 程序的鏈接。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for <literal>lenny</literal> or older"
msgstr ""
"對 <literal>lenny</literal> 或更老的系統來說，它是 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> for <literal>squeeze</literal> or newer"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 供 <literal>squeeze</literal> 或更新的版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Avoid writing a shell script with <emphasis role=\"strong\">bashisms</"
"emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"strong\">zshisms</emphasis> to make it "
"portable among all POSIX shells.  You can check it using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>checkbashisms</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"避免編寫具有 <emphasis role=\"strong\">bashisms</emphasis>（bash 化）或者 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">zshisms</emphasis>（zsh 化）語法的 shell 指令碼，確"
"保指令碼在所有 POSIX shell 之間具有可移植性。你可以使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>checkbashisms</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 對其進行檢查。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of typical bashisms"
msgstr "典型 bashism 語法列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Good: POSIX"
msgstr "好的：POSIX"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "Avoid: bashism"
msgstr "應該避免的：bashism"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>if [ \"$foo\" = \"$bar\" ] ; then …</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>if [ \"$foo\" = \"$bar\" ] ; then …</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>if [ \"$foo\" == \"$bar\" ] ; then …</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>if [ \"$foo\" == \"$bar\" ] ; then …</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>diff -u file.c.orig file.c</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>diff -u file.c.orig file.c</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>diff -u file.c{.orig,}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>diff -u file.c{.orig,}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mkdir /foobar /foobaz</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mkdir /foobar /foobaz</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>mkdir /foo{bar,baz}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>mkdir /foo{bar,baz}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>funcname() { … }</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>funcname() { … }</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>function funcname() { … }</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>function funcname() { … }</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "octal format: \"<literal>\\377</literal>\""
msgstr "八進位制格式：\"<literal>\\377</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "hexadecimal format: \"<literal>\\xff</literal>\""
msgstr "十六進位制格式：\"<literal>\\xff</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The \"<literal>echo</literal>\" command must be used with following cares "
"since its implementation differs among shell builtin and external commands."
msgstr ""
"使用 \"<literal>echo</literal>\" 命令的時候需要注意以下幾個方面，因為根據內"
"建 shell 和外部命令的不同，它的實現也有差別。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Avoid using any command options except \"<literal>-n</literal>\"."
msgstr "避免使用除“<literal>-n</literal>”以外的任何命令列選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Avoid using escape sequences in the string since their handling varies."
msgstr "避免在字串中使用轉義序列，因為根據 shell 不同，計算後的結果也不一樣。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"Although \"<literal>-n</literal>\" option is <emphasis role=\"strong\">not</"
"emphasis> really POSIX syntax, it is generally accepted."
msgstr ""
"儘管“<literal>-n</literal>”選項並<emphasis role=\"strong\">不是</emphasis> "
"POSIX 語法，但它已被廣泛接受。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Use the \"<literal>printf</literal>\" command instead of the "
"\"<literal>echo</literal>\" command if you need to embed escape sequences in "
"the output string."
msgstr ""
"如果你想要在輸出字串中嵌入轉義序列，用 \"<literal>printf</literal>\" 命令替"
"代 \"<literal>echo</literal>\" 命令。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Shell parameters"
msgstr "Shell 引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Special shell parameters are frequently used in the shell script."
msgstr "特殊的 shell 引數經常在 shell 腳本里面被用到。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of shell parameters"
msgstr "shell 引數列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "shell parameter"
msgstr "shell 引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "value"
msgstr "值"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$0</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$0</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "name of the shell or shell script"
msgstr "shell 或 shell 指令碼的名稱"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$1</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$1</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "first (1st) shell argument"
msgstr "第一個 shell 引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$9</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$9</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "ninth (9th) shell argument"
msgstr "第 9 個 shell 引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$#</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$#</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "number of positional parameters"
msgstr "位置引數數量"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\"$*\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\"$*\"</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\"$1 $2 $3 $4 … \"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\"$1 $2 $3 $4 … \"</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\"$@\"</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\"$@\"</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>\"$1\" \"$2\" \"$3\" \"$4\" …</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>\"$1\" \"$2\" \"$3\" \"$4\" …</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$?</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$?</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "exit status of the most recent command"
msgstr "最近一次命令的退出狀態碼"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$$</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$$</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PID of this shell script"
msgstr "這個 shell 指令碼的 PID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$!</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$!</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "PID of most recently started background job"
msgstr "最近開始的後臺任務 PID"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Basic <emphasis role=\"strong\">parameter expansions</emphasis> to remember "
"are as follows."
msgstr ""
"如下所示是需要記憶的基本的<emphasis role=\"strong\">引數展開</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of shell parameter expansions"
msgstr "shell 引數展開列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "parameter expression form"
msgstr "引數表示式形式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "value if <literal>var</literal> is set"
msgstr "如果 <literal>var</literal> 變數已設定那麼值為"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "value if <literal>var</literal> is not set"
msgstr "如果 <literal>var</literal> 變數沒有被設定那麼值為"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var:-string}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var:-string}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>$var</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>$var</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>string</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>string</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var:+string}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var:+string}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>null</literal>\""
msgstr "\"<literal>null</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var:=string}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var:=string}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>string</literal>\" (and run \"<literal>var=string</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>string</literal>\" (並執行 \"<literal>var=string</literal>\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var:?string}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var:?string}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"echo \"<literal>string</literal>\" to <emphasis role=\"strong\">stderr</"
"emphasis> (and exit with error)"
msgstr ""
"在 <emphasis role=\"strong\">stderr</emphasis> 中顯示 \"<literal>string</"
"literal>\" (出錯退出)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, the colon \"<literal>:</literal>\" in all of these operators is "
"actually optional."
msgstr "以上這些操作中 \"<literal>:</literal>\" 實際上都是可選的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">with</emphasis> \"<literal>:</literal>\" = "
"operator test for <emphasis role=\"strong\">exist</emphasis> and <emphasis "
"role=\"strong\">not null</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">有</emphasis> \"<literal>:</literal>\" 等於測試的 "
"var 值是<emphasis role=\"strong\">存在</emphasis>且<emphasis role=\"strong\">"
"非空</emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">without</emphasis> \"<literal>:</literal>\" = "
"operator test for <emphasis role=\"strong\">exist</emphasis> only"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">沒有</emphasis> \"<literal>:</literal>\" 等於測試"
"的 var 值只是<emphasis role=\"strong\">存在的</emphasis>，可以為空"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of key shell parameter substitutions"
msgstr "重要的 shell 引數替換列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "parameter substitution form"
msgstr "引數替換形式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "result"
msgstr "結果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var%suffix}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var%suffix}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove smallest suffix pattern"
msgstr "刪除位於 var 結尾的 suffix 最小匹配模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var%%suffix}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var%%suffix}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove largest suffix pattern"
msgstr "刪除位於 var 結尾的 suffix 最大匹配模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var#prefix}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var#prefix}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove smallest prefix pattern"
msgstr "刪除位於 var 開頭的 prefix 最小匹配模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>${var##prefix}</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>${var##prefix}</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "remove largest prefix pattern"
msgstr "刪除位於 var 開頭的 prefix 最大匹配模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Shell conditionals"
msgstr "Shell 條件語句"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Each command returns an <emphasis role=\"strong\">exit status</emphasis> "
"which can be used for conditional expressions."
msgstr ""
"每個命令都會返回 <emphasis role=\"strong\">退出狀態</emphasis>，這可以被條件"
"語句使用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Success: 0 (\"True\")"
msgstr "成功：0 (\"True\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Error: non 0 (\"False\")"
msgstr "失敗：非0 (\"False\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"\"0\" in the shell conditional context means \"True\", while \"0\" in the C "
"conditional context means \"False\"."
msgstr ""
"\"0\" 在 shell 條件語句中的意思是 \"True\"，然而 \"0\" 在 C 條件語句中的含義"
"為 \"False\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>[</literal>\" is the equivalent of the <literal>test</literal> "
"command, which evaluates its arguments up to \"<literal>]</literal>\" as a "
"conditional expression."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>[</literal>\" 跟 <literal>test</literal> 命令是等價的，它評估到 "
"\"<literal>]</literal>\" 之間的引數來作為一個條件表示式."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Basic <emphasis role=\"strong\">conditional idioms</emphasis> to remember "
"are the following."
msgstr ""
"如下所示是需要記憶的基礎 <emphasis role=\"strong\">條件語法</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>&lt;command&gt; &amp;&amp; &lt;"
"if_success_run_this_command_too&gt; || true</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>&lt;command&gt; &amp;&amp; &lt;"
"if_success_run_this_command_too&gt; || true</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>&lt;command&gt; || &lt;if_not_success_run_this_command_too&gt; || "
"true</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>&lt;command&gt; || &lt;if_not_success_run_this_command_too&gt; || "
"true</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "A multi-line script snippet as the following"
msgstr "如下所示是多行指令碼片段"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if [ &lt;conditional_expression&gt; ]; then\n"
" &lt;if_success_run_this_command&gt;\n"
"else\n"
" &lt;if_not_success_run_this_command&gt;\n"
"fi"
msgstr ""
"if [ &lt;conditional_expression&gt; ]; then\n"
" &lt;if_success_run_this_command&gt;\n"
"else\n"
" &lt;if_not_success_run_this_command&gt;\n"
"fi"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here trailing \"<literal>|| true</literal>\" was needed to ensure this shell "
"script does not exit at this line accidentally when shell is invoked with "
"\"<literal>-e</literal>\" flag."
msgstr ""
"這裡末尾的“<literal>|| true</literal>”是需要的，它可以保證這個 shell 指令碼在"
"不小心使用了“<literal>-e</literal>”選項而被呼叫時不會在該行意外地退出。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of file comparison operators in the conditional expression"
msgstr "在條件表示式中進行檔案比較"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "equation"
msgstr "表示式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "condition to return logical true"
msgstr "返回邏輯真所需的條件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-e &lt;file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-e &lt;file&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file&gt; exists"
msgstr "&lt;file&gt; 存在"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-d &lt;file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-d &lt;file&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file&gt; exists and is a directory"
msgstr "&lt;file&gt; 存在並且是一個目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-f &lt;file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-f &lt;file&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file&gt; exists and is a regular file"
msgstr "&lt;file&gt; 存在並且是一個普通檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-w &lt;file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-w &lt;file&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file&gt; exists and is writable"
msgstr "&lt;file&gt; 存在並且可寫"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-x &lt;file&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-x &lt;file&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file&gt; exists and is executable"
msgstr "&lt;file&gt; 存在並且可執行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;file1&gt; -nt &lt;file2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;file1&gt; -nt &lt;file2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file1&gt; is newer than &lt;file2&gt; (modification)"
msgstr "&lt;file1&gt; 是否比 &lt;file2&gt; 新"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;file1&gt; -ot &lt;file2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;file1&gt; -ot &lt;file2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;file1&gt; is older than &lt;file2&gt; (modification)"
msgstr "&lt;file1&gt; 是否比 &lt;file2&gt; 舊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;file1&gt; -ef &lt;file2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;file1&gt; -ef &lt;file2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"&lt;file1&gt; and &lt;file2&gt; are on the same device and the same inode "
"number"
msgstr "&lt;file1&gt; 和 &lt;file2&gt; 位於相同的裝置上並且有相同的 inode 編號"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of string comparison operators in the conditional expression"
msgstr "在條件表示式中進行字串比較"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-z &lt;str&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-z &lt;str&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the length of &lt;str&gt; is zero"
msgstr "&lt;str&gt; 的長度為零"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>-n &lt;str&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>-n &lt;str&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "the length of &lt;str&gt; is non-zero"
msgstr "&lt;str&gt; 的長度不為零"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; = &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; = &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;str1&gt; and &lt;str2&gt; are equal"
msgstr "&lt;str1&gt; 和 &lt;str2&gt; 相等"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; != &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; != &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;str1&gt; and &lt;str2&gt; are not equal"
msgstr "&lt;str1&gt; 和 &lt;str2&gt; 不相等"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; &lt; &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; &lt; &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;str1&gt; sorts before &lt;str2&gt; (locale dependent)"
msgstr "&lt;str1&gt; 排列在 &lt;str2&gt; 之前（取決於語言環境）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; &gt; &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>&lt;str1&gt; &gt; &lt;str2&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "&lt;str1&gt; sorts after &lt;str2&gt; (locale dependent)"
msgstr "&lt;str1&gt; 排列在 &lt;str2&gt; 之後（取決於語言環境）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Arithmetic</emphasis> integer comparison operators "
"in the conditional expression are \"<literal>-eq</literal>\", \"<literal>-"
"ne</literal>\", \"<literal>-lt</literal>\", \"<literal>-le</literal>\", "
"\"<literal>-gt</literal>\", and \"<literal>-ge</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">算術</emphasis>整數的比較在條件表示式中為 "
"\"<literal>-eq</literal>\"，\"<literal>-ne</literal>\"，\"<literal>-lt</"
"literal>\"，\"<literal>-le</literal>\"，\"<literal>-gt</literal>\" 和 "
"\"<literal>-ge</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Shell loops"
msgstr "shell 迴圈"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are several loop idioms to use in POSIX shell."
msgstr "這裡有幾種可用於 POSIX shell 的迴圈形式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>for x in foo1 foo2 … ; do command ; done</literal>\" loops by "
"assigning items from the list \"<literal>foo1 foo2 …</literal>\" to variable "
"\"<literal>x</literal>\" and executing \"<literal>command</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>for x in foo1 foo2 … ; do command ; done</literal>\"，該迴圈會將 "
"\"<literal>foo1 foo2 …</literal>\" 賦予變數 \"<literal>x</literal>\" 並執行 "
"\"<literal>command</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>while condition ; do command ; done</literal>\" repeats "
"\"<literal>command</literal>\" while \"<literal>condition</literal>\" is "
"true."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>while condition ; do command ; done</literal>\"，當 "
"\"<literal>condition</literal>\" 為真時，會重複執行 \"<literal>command</"
"literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>until condition ; do command ; done</literal>\" repeats "
"\"<literal>command</literal>\" while \"<literal>condition</literal>\" is not "
"true."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>until condition ; do command ; done</literal>\"，當 "
"\"<literal>condition</literal>\" 為假時，會重複執行 \"<literal>command</"
"literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>break</literal>\" enables to exit from the loop."
msgstr "\"<literal>break</literal>\" 可以用來退出迴圈。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>continue</literal>\" enables to resume the next iteration of the "
"loop."
msgstr "\"<literal>continue</literal>\" 可以用來重新開始下一次迴圈。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"&c;\">C</ulink>-language like numeric iteration can be "
"realized by using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>seq</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> as the \"<literal>foo1 "
"foo2 …</literal>\" generator."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&c;\">C</ulink> 語言中的數值迭代可以用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>seq</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 實現來生成 \"<literal>foo1 foo2 ...</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>."
msgstr "參見 <xref linkend=\"_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "The shell command-line processing sequence"
msgstr "shell 命令列的處理順序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The shell processes a script roughly as the following sequence."
msgstr "shell 大致以下列的順序來處理一個指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The shell reads a line."
msgstr "shell 讀取一行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell groups a part of the line as <emphasis role=\"strong\">one token</"
"emphasis> if it is within <literal>\"…\"</literal> or <literal>'…'</literal>."
msgstr ""
"如果該行包含有<literal>\"…\"</literal> 或 <literal>'…'</literal>，shell 對該"
"行各部分進行分組作為 <emphasis role=\"strong\">一個標識（one token）</"
"emphasis> （譯註：one token 是指 shell 識別的一個結構單元）."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell splits other part of a line into <emphasis role=\"strong\">tokens</"
"emphasis> by the following."
msgstr ""
"shell 通過下列方式將行中的其它部分分隔進 <emphasis role=\"strong\">標識"
"（tokens）</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Whitespaces: <literal>&lt;space&gt; &lt;tab&gt; &lt;newline&gt;</literal>"
msgstr "空白字元：<literal>&lt;空格&gt; &lt;tab&gt; &lt;換行符&gt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Metacharacters: <literal>&lt; &gt; | ; &amp; ( )</literal>"
msgstr "元字元：<literal>&lt; &gt; | ; &amp; ( )</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell checks the <emphasis role=\"strong\">reserved word</emphasis> for "
"each token to adjust its behavior if not within <literal>\"…\"</literal> or "
"<literal>'…'</literal>."
msgstr ""
"shell 會檢查每一個不位於 <literal>\"…\"</literal> 或 <literal>'...'</"
"literal> 的 token 中的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">保留字</emphasis> 來調整它的"
"行為。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">reserved word</emphasis>: <literal>if then elif "
"else fi for in while unless do done case esac</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">保留字</emphasis>：<literal>if then elif else fi "
"for in while unless do done case esac</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell expands <emphasis role=\"strong\">alias</emphasis> if not within "
"<literal>\"…\"</literal> or <literal>'…'</literal>."
msgstr ""
"shell 展開不位於 <literal>\"…\"</literal> 或 <literal>'...'</literal> 中的 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">別名</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell expands <emphasis role=\"strong\">tilde</emphasis> if not within "
"<literal>\"…\"</literal> or <literal>'…'</literal>."
msgstr ""
"shell 展開不位於 <literal>\"…\"</literal> 或 <literal>'...'</literal> 中的 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">波浪線</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>~</literal>\" → current user's home directory"
msgstr "\"<literal>~</literal>\" → 當前使用者的家目錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>~&lt;user&gt;</literal>\" → <literal>&lt;user&gt;</literal>'s "
"home directory"
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>~&lt;user&gt;</literal>\" → <literal>&lt;user&gt;</literal> 的家目"
"錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell expands <emphasis role=\"strong\">parameter</emphasis> to its "
"value if not within <literal>'…'</literal>."
msgstr ""
"shell 將不位於 <literal>'...'</literal> 中的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">變數</"
"emphasis> 展開為它的值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">parameter</emphasis>: \"<literal>$PARAMETER</"
"literal>\" or \"<literal>${PARAMETER}</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">變數</emphasis>：\"<literal>$PARAMETER</literal>\" "
"或 \"<literal>${PARAMETER}</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell expands <emphasis role=\"strong\">command substitution</emphasis> "
"if not within <literal>'…'</literal>."
msgstr ""
"shell 展開不位於 <literal>'...'</literal> 中的 <emphasis role=\"strong\">命令"
"替換</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>$( command )</literal>\" → the output of \"<literal>command</"
"literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>$( command )</literal>\" → \"<literal>command</literal>\" 的輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>` command `</literal>\" → the output of \"<literal>command</"
"literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>` command `</literal>\" → \"<literal>command</literal>\" 的輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell expands <emphasis role=\"strong\">pathname glob</emphasis> to "
"matching file names if not within <literal>\"…\"</literal> or <literal>'…'</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""
"shell 將不位於 <literal>\"…\"</literal> 或 <literal>'...'</literal> 中的 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">glob 路徑</emphasis> 展開為匹配的檔名。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>*</literal> → any characters"
msgstr "<literal>*</literal> → 任何字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<literal>?</literal> → one character"
msgstr "<literal>?</literal> → 一個字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>[…]</literal> → any one of the characters in \"<literal>…</literal>"
"\""
msgstr "<literal>[…]</literal> → 任何位於 \"<literal>…</literal>\" 中的字元"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell looks up <emphasis role=\"strong\">command</emphasis> from the "
"following and execute it."
msgstr ""
"shell 從下列幾方面查詢 <emphasis role=\"strong\">命令</emphasis> 並執行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">function</emphasis> definition"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">函式</emphasis> 定義"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">builtin</emphasis> command"
msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">內建</emphasis>命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">executable file</emphasis> in \"<literal>$PATH</"
"literal>\""
msgstr ""
"“<literal>$PATH</literal>” 中的<emphasis role=\"strong\">可執行檔案</"
"emphasis>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The shell goes to the next line and repeats this process again from the top "
"of this sequence."
msgstr "shell 前往下一行，並按照這個順序從頭再次進行處理。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Single quotes within double quotes have no effect."
msgstr "雙引號中的單引號是沒有效果的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Executing \"<literal>set -x</literal>\" in the shell or invoking the shell "
"with \"<literal>-x</literal>\" option make the shell to print all of "
"commands executed.  This is quite handy for debugging."
msgstr ""
"在 shell 中執行 “<literal>set -x</literal>” 或使用 “<literal>-x</literal>” 選"
"項啟動 shell 可以讓 shell 顯示出所有執行的命令。這對除錯來說是非常方便的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Utility programs for shell script"
msgstr "用於 shell 指令碼的應用程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In order to make your shell program as portable as possible across Debian "
"systems, it is a good idea to limit utility programs to ones provided by "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">essential</emphasis> packages."
msgstr ""
"為了使你的 shell 程式在 Debian 系統上儘可能地具有可移植性，你應該只使用 "
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">必要的</emphasis> 軟體包所提供的應用程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>aptitude search ~E</literal>\" lists <emphasis role=\"strong"
"\">essential</emphasis> packages."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>aptitude search ~E</literal>\"，列出 <emphasis role=\"strong\">必"
"要的</emphasis> 軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\" "
"lists manpages for commands offered by <literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</"
"literal> package."
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>dpkg -L &lt;package_name&gt; |grep '/man/man.*/'</literal>\"，列"
"出 <literal>&lt;package_name&gt;</literal> 軟體包所提供的 man 手冊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of packages containing small utility programs for shell scripts"
msgstr "包含用於 shell 指令碼的小型應用程式的軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "GNU core utilities"
msgstr "GNU 核心工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian"
msgstr "用於 Debian 的各種工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "collection of more utilities from FreeBSD"
msgstr "來自 FreeBSD 更多的工具集合"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite"
msgstr "來自 4.4BSD-Lite 的基礎工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "additional Unix utilities"
msgstr "額外的 Unix 工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Although <literal>moreutils</literal> may not exist ouside of Debian, it "
"offers interesting small programs.  Most notable one is "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sponge</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which is quite useful when you wish to overwrite original file."
msgstr ""
"儘管 <literal>moreutils</literal> 可能不存在 Debian 之外，但它提供了一些有趣"
"的小程式。最值得注意的一個是 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sponge</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，當你項覆蓋原來的檔案"
"時，它會非常好用。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Shell script dialog"
msgstr "shell 指令碼對話方塊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The user interface of a simple shell program can be improved from dull "
"interaction by <literal>echo</literal> and <literal>read</literal> commands "
"to more interactive one by using one of the so-called dialog program etc."
msgstr ""
"一個簡單的 shell 程式的使用者介面中，<literal>echo</literal> 和 "
"<literal>read</literal> 命令的互動性較為一般，你可以使用對話程式等來提升互動"
"性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of user interface programs"
msgstr "使用者介面程式列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmessage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>: display a message or query in a window (X)"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmessage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>：在一個視窗中顯示一條訊息或疑問（X）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts (newt)"
msgstr "從 shell 指令碼中顯示使用者友好的對話方塊（newt）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts (ncurses)"
msgstr "從 shell 指令碼中顯示使用者友好的對話方塊（ncurses）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "display graphical dialog boxes from shell scripts (gtk2.0)"
msgstr "從 shell 指令碼中顯示圖形對話方塊（gtk2.0）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"Shell Scripts Frontend Tool (wrapper for zenity, kdialog, and dialog with "
"gettext)"
msgstr ""
"Shell 指令碼前端工具 (zenity, kdialog, and 帶有 gettext 的 dialog 封裝)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>/usr/bin/gettext.sh</literal>\": translate message"
msgstr "“<literal>/usr/bin/gettext.sh</literal>”：翻譯資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Shell script example with zenity"
msgstr "zenity 的 shell 指令碼案例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here is a simple script which creates ISO image with RS02 data supplemented "
"by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dvdisaster</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"下面是一個簡單的指令碼，它通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dvdisaster</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 建立了帶有 RS02 補充資"
"料的 ISO 映像。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh -e\n"
"# gmkrs02 : Copyright (C) 2007 Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu@debian.org&gt;, Public Domain\n"
"#set -x\n"
"error_exit()\n"
"{\n"
"  echo \"$1\" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"  exit 1\n"
"}\n"
"# Initialize variables\n"
"DATA_ISO=\"$HOME/Desktop/iso-$$.img\"\n"
"LABEL=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S-%Z)\n"
"if [ $# != 0 ] &amp;&amp; [ -d \"$1\" ]; then\n"
"  DATA_SRC=\"$1\"\n"
"else\n"
"  # Select directory for creating ISO image from folder on desktop\n"
"  DATA_SRC=$(zenity --file-selection --directory  \\\n"
"    --title=\"Select the directory tree root to create ISO image\") \\\n"
"    || error_exit \"Exit on directory selection\"\n"
"fi\n"
"# Check size of archive\n"
"xterm -T \"Check size $DATA_SRC\" -e du -s $DATA_SRC/*\n"
"SIZE=$(($(du -s $DATA_SRC | awk '{print $1}')/1024))\n"
"if [ $SIZE -le 520 ] ; then\n"
"  zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"    --text=\"The data size is good for CD backup:\\\\n $SIZE MB\"\n"
"elif [ $SIZE -le 3500 ]; then\n"
"  zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"    --text=\"The data size is good for DVD backup :\\\\n $SIZE MB\"\n"
"else\n"
"  zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"    --text=\"The data size is too big to backup : $SIZE MB\"\n"
"  error_exit \"The data size is too big to backup :\\\\n $SIZE MB\"\n"
"fi\n"
"# only xterm is sure to have working -e option\n"
"# Create raw ISO image\n"
"rm -f \"$DATA_ISO\" || true\n"
"xterm -T \"genisoimage $DATA_ISO\" \\\n"
"  -e genisoimage -r -J -V \"$LABEL\" -o \"$DATA_ISO\" \"$DATA_SRC\"\n"
"# Create RS02 supplemental redundancy\n"
"xterm -T \"dvdisaster $DATA_ISO\" -e  dvdisaster -i \"$DATA_ISO\" -mRS02 -c\n"
"zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"  --text=\"ISO/RS02 data ($SIZE MB) \\\\n created at: $DATA_ISO\"\n"
"# EOF"
msgstr ""
"#!/bin/sh -e\n"
"# gmkrs02 : Copyright (C) 2007 Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu@debian.org&gt;, Public Domain\n"
"#set -x\n"
"error_exit()\n"
"{\n"
"  echo \"$1\" &gt;&amp;2\n"
"  exit 1\n"
"}\n"
"# Initialize variables\n"
"DATA_ISO=\"$HOME/Desktop/iso-$$.img\"\n"
"LABEL=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S-%Z)\n"
"if [ $# != 0 ] &amp;&amp; [ -d \"$1\" ]; then\n"
"  DATA_SRC=\"$1\"\n"
"else\n"
"  # Select directory for creating ISO image from folder on desktop\n"
"  DATA_SRC=$(zenity --file-selection --directory  \\\n"
"    --title=\"Select the directory tree root to create ISO image\") \\\n"
"    || error_exit \"Exit on directory selection\"\n"
"fi\n"
"# Check size of archive\n"
"xterm -T \"Check size $DATA_SRC\" -e du -s $DATA_SRC/*\n"
"SIZE=$(($(du -s $DATA_SRC | awk '{print $1}')/1024))\n"
"if [ $SIZE -le 520 ] ; then\n"
"  zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"    --text=\"The data size is good for CD backup:\\\\n $SIZE MB\"\n"
"elif [ $SIZE -le 3500 ]; then\n"
"  zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"    --text=\"The data size is good for DVD backup :\\\\n $SIZE MB\"\n"
"else\n"
"  zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"    --text=\"The data size is too big to backup : $SIZE MB\"\n"
"  error_exit \"The data size is too big to backup :\\\\n $SIZE MB\"\n"
"fi\n"
"# only xterm is sure to have working -e option\n"
"# Create raw ISO image\n"
"rm -f \"$DATA_ISO\" || true\n"
"xterm -T \"genisoimage $DATA_ISO\" \\\n"
"  -e genisoimage -r -J -V \"$LABEL\" -o \"$DATA_ISO\" \"$DATA_SRC\"\n"
"# Create RS02 supplemental redundancy\n"
"xterm -T \"dvdisaster $DATA_ISO\" -e  dvdisaster -i \"$DATA_ISO\" -mRS02 -c\n"
"zenity --info --title=\"Dvdisaster RS02\" --width 640  --height 400 \\\n"
"  --text=\"ISO/RS02 data ($SIZE MB) \\\\n created at: $DATA_ISO\"\n"
"# EOF"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You may wish to create launcher on the desktop with command set something "
"like \"<literal>/usr/local/bin/gmkrs02 %d</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"你可能想要在桌面建立一個啟動器，其中的命令設定為類似 “<literal>/usr/local/"
"bin/gmkrs02 %d</literal>” 的形式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Make"
msgstr "make"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&make;\">Make</ulink> is a utility to maintain groups of "
"programs. Upon execution of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <literal>make</"
"literal> read the rule file, \"<literal>Makefile</literal>\", and updates a "
"target if it depends on prerequisite files that have been modified since the "
"target was last modified, or if the target does not exist.  The execution of "
"these updates may occur concurrently."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&make;\">Make</ulink> 是一個維護程式組的工具。一旦執行 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>make</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>，<literal>make</literal> 會讀取規則檔案 <literal>Makefile</"
"literal>，自從上次目標檔案被修改後，如果目標檔案依賴的相關檔案發生了改變，那"
"麼就會更新目標檔案，或者目標檔案不存在，那麼這些檔案更新可能會同時發生。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "The rule file syntax is the following."
msgstr "規則檔案的語法如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"target: [ prerequisites ... ]\n"
" [TAB]  command1\n"
" [TAB]  -command2 # ignore errors\n"
" [TAB]  @command3 # suppress echoing"
msgstr ""
"目標：[相關檔案 ...]\n"
"[TAB] 命令1\n"
"[TAB] -命令2 # 忽略錯誤\n"
"[TAB] @命令3 # 禁止回顯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here \"<literal>[TAB]</literal>\" is a TAB code.  Each line is interpreted "
"by the shell after make variable substitution.  Use \"<literal>\\</literal>"
"\" at the end of a line to continue the script.  Use \"<literal>$$</literal>"
"\" to enter \"<literal>$</literal>\" for environment values for a shell "
"script."
msgstr ""
"這裡面的 \"<literal>[TAB]</literal>\" 是一個 TAB 程式碼。每一行在進行變數替換"
"以後會被 shell 解釋。在行末使用 \"<literal>\\</literal>\" 來繼續此指令碼。使"
"用 \"<literal>$$</literal>\" 輸入 \"<literal>$</literal>\" 來獲得 shell 指令"
"碼中的環境變數值。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Implicit rules for the target and prerequisites can be written, for example, "
"by the following."
msgstr "目標跟相關檔案也可以通過隱式規則給出，例如，如下所示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "%.o: %.c header.h"
msgstr "%.o: %.c header.h"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, the target contains the character \"<literal>%</literal>\" (exactly "
"one of them). The \"<literal>%</literal>\" can match any nonempty substring "
"in the actual target filenames. The prerequisites likewise use \"<literal>%</"
"literal>\" to show how their names relate to the actual target name."
msgstr ""
"在這裡，目標包含了 \"<literal>%</literal>\" 字元 (只是它們中確切的某一"
"個）。\"<literal>%</literal>\" 字元能夠匹配實際的目標檔案中任意一個非空的子"
"串。相關檔案同樣使用 \"<literal>%</literal>\" 來表明它們是怎樣與目標檔案建立"
"聯絡的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of make automatic variables"
msgstr "自動變數的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "automatic variable"
msgstr "自動變數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$@</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$@</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "target"
msgstr "當前目標"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$&lt;</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$&lt;</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "first prerequisite"
msgstr "首個相關檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "all newer prerequisites"
msgstr "所有較新的相關檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$^</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$^</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "all prerequisites"
msgstr "所有相關檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>$*</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>$*</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "\"<literal>%</literal>\" matched stem in the target pattern"
msgstr "目標模式中，$* 指代匹配符 \"<literal>%</literal>\" 匹配的部分"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of make variable expansions"
msgstr "變數擴充套件的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "variable expansion"
msgstr "變數擴充套件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>foo1 := bar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>foo1 := bar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "one-time expansion"
msgstr "一次性擴充套件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>foo2 = bar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>foo2 = bar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "recursive expansion"
msgstr "遞迴擴充套件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>foo3 += bar</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>foo3 += bar</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "append"
msgstr "增加"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Run \"<literal>make -p -f/dev/null</literal>\" to see automatic internal "
"rules."
msgstr ""
"執行 \"<literal>make -p -f/dev/null</literal>\" 命令來檢視內部自動化的規則。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can set up proper environment to compile programs written in the <ulink "
"url=\"&cprogramminglanguage;\">C programming language</ulink> by the "
"following."
msgstr ""
"你可以通過下列方法設定適當的環境來編譯使用 <ulink url="
"\"&cprogramminglanguage;\">C 程式語言</ulink>編寫的程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# apt-get install glibc-doc manpages-dev libc6-dev gcc build-essential"
msgstr "# apt-get install glibc-doc manpages-dev libc6-dev gcc build-essential"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <literal>libc6-dev</literal> package, i.e., GNU C Library, provides "
"<ulink url=\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C standard library</ulink> which is "
"collection of header files and library routines used by the C programming "
"language."
msgstr ""
"<literal>libc6-dev</literal> 軟體包，即 GNU C 庫，提供了 <ulink url="
"\"&cstandardlibrary;\">C 標準庫</ulink>，它包含了 C 程式語言所使用的標頭檔案"
"和庫例程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "See references for C as the following."
msgstr "參考資訊如下。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "\"<literal>info libc</literal>\" (C library function reference)"
msgstr "“<literal>info libc</literal>”（C 庫函式參考）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gcc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> and \"<literal>info gcc</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gcc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 和 “<literal>info gcc</literal>”"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>each_C_library_function_name</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>each_C_library_function_name</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Kernighan &amp; Ritchie, \"The C Programming Language\", 2nd edition "
"(Prentice Hall)"
msgstr "Kernighan &amp; Ritchie，“C 程式設計語言”，第二版（Prentice Hall）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Simple C program (gcc)"
msgstr "簡單的 C 程式（gcc）"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A simple example \"<literal>example.c</literal>\" can compiled with a "
"library \"<literal>libm</literal>\" into an executable "
"\"<literal>run_example</literal>\" by the following."
msgstr ""
"一個簡單的例子 “<literal>example.c</literal>” 可以通過如下方式和 "
"“<literal>libm</literal>” 庫一起編譯為可執行程式 “<literal>run_example</"
"literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cat &gt; example.c &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n"
"#include &lt;math.h&gt;\n"
"#include &lt;string.h&gt;\n"
"\n"
"int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp){\n"
"        double x;\n"
"        char y[11];\n"
"        x=sqrt(argc+7.5);\n"
"        strncpy(y, argv[0], 10); /* prevent buffer overflow */\n"
"        y[10] = '\\0'; /* fill to make sure string ends with '\\0' */\n"
"        printf(\"%5i, %5.3f, %10s, %10s\\n\", argc, x, y, argv[1]);\n"
"        return 0;\n"
"}\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ gcc -Wall -g -o run_example example.c -lm\n"
"$ ./run_example\n"
"        1, 2.915, ./run_exam,     (null)\n"
"$ ./run_example 1234567890qwerty\n"
"        2, 3.082, ./run_exam, 1234567890qwerty"
msgstr ""
"$ cat &gt; example.c &lt;&lt; EOF\n"
"#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n"
"#include &lt;math.h&gt;\n"
"#include &lt;string.h&gt;\n"
"\n"
"int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp){\n"
"        double x;\n"
"        char y[11];\n"
"        x=sqrt(argc+7.5);\n"
"        strncpy(y, argv[0], 10); /* prevent buffer overflow */\n"
"        y[10] = '\\0'; /* fill to make sure string ends with '\\0' */\n"
"        printf(\"%5i, %5.3f, %10s, %10s\\n\", argc, x, y, argv[1]);\n"
"        return 0;\n"
"}\n"
"EOF\n"
"$ gcc -Wall -g -o run_example example.c -lm\n"
"$ ./run_example\n"
"        1, 2.915, ./run_exam,     (null)\n"
"$ ./run_example 1234567890qwerty\n"
"        2, 3.082, ./run_exam, 1234567890qwerty"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here, \"<literal>-lm</literal>\" is needed to link library \"<literal>/usr/"
"lib/libm.so</literal>\" from the <literal>libc6</literal> package for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sqrt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>.  The actual library is in \"<literal>/lib/</literal>\" with "
"filename \"<literal>libm.so.6</literal>\", which is a symlink to "
"\"<literal>libm-2.7.so</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"為了使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sqrt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，必須使用 “<literal>-lm</literal>” 連結來自 "
"<literal>libc6</literal> 軟體包的庫 “<literal>/usr/lib/libm.so</literal>”。實"
"際的庫檔案位於 “<literal>/lib/</literal>”，檔名為 “<literal>libm.so.6</"
"literal>”，它是指向 “<literal>libm-2.7.so</literal>” 的一個連結。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Look at the last parameter in the output text.  There are more than 10 "
"characters even though \"<literal>%10s</literal>\" is specified."
msgstr ""
"請看一下輸出文字的最後一段。即使指定了 “<literal>%10s</literal>”，它依舊超出"
"了 10 個字元。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The use of pointer memory operation functions without boundary checks, such "
"as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sprintf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>strcpy</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, is deprecated to "
"prevent buffer overflow exploits that leverage the above overrun effects.  "
"Instead, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>snprintf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>strncpy</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"使用沒有邊界檢查的指標記憶體操作函式，比如 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sprintf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>strcpy</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 是不建議使用，是為防止"
"快取溢位洩露而導致上面的溢位問題。請使用 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>snprintf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>strncpy</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 來替代."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Debug"
msgstr "除錯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debug is important part of programing activities.  Knowing how to debug "
"programs makes you a good Debian user who can produce meaningful bug reports."
msgstr ""
"除錯是程式中很重要的一部分。知道怎樣去除錯程式使得作為 Debian 使用者的你, 能"
"夠做出有意義的錯誤報告。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Basic gdb execution"
msgstr "基本的 gdb 使用命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Primary <ulink url=\"&debugger;\">debugger</ulink> on Debian is "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> which enables you to inspect a program while it executes."
msgstr ""
"Debian 上原始的<ulink url=\"&debugger;\">偵錯程式</ulink>是 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, 它能讓你在程式執行的時候檢查程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's install <literal>gdb</literal> and related programs by the following."
msgstr "讓我們通過如下所示的命令來安裝 <literal>gdb</literal> 及其相關程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# apt-get install gdb gdb-doc build-essential devscripts"
msgstr "# apt-get install gdb gdb-doc build-essential devscripts"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Good tutorial of <literal>gdb</literal> is provided by \"<literal>info gdb</"
"literal>\" or found <ulink url=\"&elsewhereontheweb;\">elsewhere on the web</"
"ulink>.  Here is a simple example of using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> on a "
"\"<literal>program</literal>\" compiled with the \"<literal>-g</literal>\" "
"option to produce debugging information."
msgstr ""
"<literal>gdb</literal> 的好的教程由 \"<literal>info gdb</literal>\" 提供或者"
"可以在<ulink url=\"&elsewhereontheweb;\">網上的其他地方</ulink>找到。如下是"
"用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 在\"<literal>程式</literal>\"帶有 \"<literal>-g</literal>\" 選"
"項編譯的時候來產生除錯資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ gdb program\n"
"(gdb) b 1                # set break point at line 1\n"
"(gdb) run args           # run program with args\n"
"(gdb) next               # next line\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) step               # step forward\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) p parm             # print parm\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) p parm=12          # set value to 12\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) quit"
msgstr ""
"$ gdb program\n"
"(gdb) b 1                # 在第一行設定斷點\n"
"(gdb) run args           # 帶引數執行程式\n"
"(gdb) next               # 執行下一步\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) step               # 單步進入\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) p parm             # 列印 parm 的值\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) p parm=12          # 把值設為 12\n"
"...\n"
"(gdb) quit"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Many <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> commands can be abbreviated.  Tab expansion works "
"as in the shell."
msgstr ""
"許多 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令都能被縮寫。Tab 擴充套件跟在 shell 一樣都能工"
"作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debugging the Debian package"
msgstr "除錯 Debian 軟體包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Since all installed binaries should be stripped on the Debian system by "
"default, most debugging symbols are removed in the normal package.  In order "
"to debug Debian packages with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, either corresponding "
"<literal>*-dbg</literal> packages or <literal>*-dbgsym</literal> packages "
"need to be installed (e.g. <literal>libc6-dbg</literal> in the case of "
"<literal>libc6</literal>, <literal>coreutils-dbgsym</literal> in the case of "
"<literal>coreutils</literal>)."
msgstr ""
"因為在 Debian 系統上預設所有已安裝的二進位制程式都是精簡的，絕大多數的除錯符"
"號已經從常規的軟體包中移除了。為了能用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 除錯 Debian 軟體包，相"
"對應的 <literal>*-dbg</literal> 軟體包或 <literal>*-dbgsym</literal> 軟體包需"
"要被安裝 (例如 <literal>libc6</literal> 需要安裝 <literal>libc6-dbg</"
"literal>，<literal>coreutils</literal> 需要安裝 <literal>coreutils-dbgsym</"
"literal>)。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Old-style packages would provide its corresponding <literal>*-dbg</literal> "
"package. It is placed directly inside Debian main archive alongside of the "
"original package itself. For newer packages, they may generate <literal>*-"
"dbgsym</literal> packages automatically when built and those debug packages "
"are placed separately in <ulink url=\"&debiandebug;\">debian-debug</ulink> "
"archive. Please refer to <ulink url=\"&articlesondebianwiki;\">articles on "
"Debian Wiki</ulink> for more information."
msgstr ""
"老式的軟體包將提供相應的 <literal>*-dbg</literal> 軟體包。它將和原始軟體包一"
"起，直接放在 Debian main 檔案庫。對於新的軟體包，當它們編譯時，將會自動產生 "
"<literal>*-dbgsym</literal> 軟體包，那些除錯軟體包將被獨立放在 <ulink url="
"\"&debiandebug;\">debian-debug</ulink> 檔案庫. 更多資訊請參閱 <ulink url="
"\"&articlesondebianwiki;\">Debian Wiki 文件</ulink> ."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If a package to be debugged does not provide either its <literal>*-dbg</"
"literal> package or its <literal>*-dbgsym</literal> package, you need to "
"install it after rebuilding it by the following."
msgstr ""
"如果一個需要被除錯的軟體包沒有提供其 <literal>*-dbg</literal> 軟體包或 "
"<literal>*-dbgsym</literal> 軟體包，你需要按如下所示的從原始碼中重構並且安裝"
"它。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "$ mkdir /path/new ; cd /path/new\n"
#| "$ sudo apt-get update\n"
#| "$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
#| "$ sudo apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
#| "$ sudo apt-get build-dep source_package_name\n"
#| "$ apt-get source package_name\n"
#| "$ cd package_name*"
msgid ""
"$ mkdir /path/new ; cd /path/new\n"
"$ sudo apt-get update\n"
"$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"$ sudo apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"$ apt-get source package_name\n"
"$ cd package_name*\n"
"$ sudo apt-get build-dep ./"
msgstr ""
"$ mkdir /path/new ; cd /path/new\n"
"$ sudo apt-get update\n"
"$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
"$ sudo apt-get install fakeroot devscripts build-essential\n"
"$ sudo apt-get build-dep source_package_name\n"
"$ apt-get source package_name\n"
"$ cd package_name*"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Fix bugs if needed."
msgstr "按需修改 bug。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Bump package version to one which does not collide with official Debian "
"versions, e.g. one appended with \"<literal>+debug1</literal>\" when "
"recompiling existing package version, or one appended with \"<literal>~pre1</"
"literal>\" when compiling unreleased package version by the following."
msgstr ""
"軟體包除錯版本跟它的官方 Debian 版本不衝突，例如當重新編譯已存在的軟體包版本"
"產生的 \"<literal>+debug1</literal>\" 字尾，如下所示是編譯未發行的軟體包版本"
"產生的 \"<literal>~pre1</literal>\" 字尾。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "Compile and install packages with debug symbols by the following."
msgstr "如下所示編譯並安裝帶有除錯符號的軟體包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "$ export DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=nostrip,noopt\n"
#| "$ debuild\n"
#| "$ cd ..\n"
#| "$ sudo debi package_name*.changes"
msgid ""
"$ export DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=\"nostrip noopt\"\n"
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"$ sudo debi package_name*.changes"
msgstr ""
"$ export DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=nostrip,noopt\n"
"$ debuild\n"
"$ cd ..\n"
"$ sudo debi package_name*.changes"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to check build scripts of the package and ensure to use "
"\"<literal>CFLAGS=-g -Wall</literal>\" for compiling binaries."
msgstr ""
"你需要檢查軟體包的構建指令碼並確保編譯二進位制的時候使用了 "
"\"<literal>CFLAGS=-g -Wall</literal>\" 選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Obtaining backtrace"
msgstr "獲得棧幀"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When you encounter program crash, reporting bug report with cut-and-pasted "
"backtrace information is a good idea."
msgstr "當你碰到程式崩潰的時候，報告 bug 時附上棧幀資訊是個不錯的注意。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "The backtrace can be obtained by the following steps."
msgstr "如下所示的步驟就可以取得棧幀資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Run the program under <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""
"在 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 中執行程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Reproduce crash."
msgstr "重現崩潰。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "It causes you to be dropped back to the <literal>gdb</literal> prompt."
msgstr "它使得你重新回到 <literal>gdb</literal> 提示符。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Type \"<literal>bt</literal>\" at the <literal>gdb</literal> prompt."
msgstr "在 <literal>gdb</literal> 提示符後輸入 \"<literal>bt</literal>\"。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In case of program freeze, you can crash the program by pressing "
"<literal>Ctrl-C</literal> in the terminal running <literal>gdb</literal> to "
"obtain <literal>gdb</literal> prompt."
msgstr ""
"程式在終端中的 <literal>gdb</literal> 環境執行時，如果它沒反應，你可以按下 "
"<literal>Ctrl-C</literal>來中止程式來取得 <literal>gdb</literal> 提示符。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><tip><para>
msgid ""
"Often, you see a backtrace where one or more of the top lines are in "
"\"<literal>malloc()</literal>\" or \"<literal>g_malloc()</literal>\". When "
"this happens, chances are your backtrace isn't very useful. The easiest way "
"to find some useful information is to set the environment variable "
"\"<literal>$MALLOC_CHECK_</literal>\" to a value of 2 "
"(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>malloc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>). You can do this while running <literal>gdb</"
"literal> by doing the following."
msgstr ""
"通常，你會看到堆疊頂部有一行或者多行有 \"<literal>malloc()</literal>\" 或 "
"\"<literal>g_malloc()</literal>\".當這個出現的時候，你的堆疊不是非常有用的。"
"找到一些有用資訊的一個簡單方法是設定環境變數 \"<literal>$MALLOC_CHECK_</"
"literal>\" 的值為 2 (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>malloc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>).你可以通過下面的方式在"
"執行 <literal>gdb</literal> 時設定。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid " $ MALLOC_CHECK_=2 gdb hello"
msgstr " $ MALLOC_CHECK_=2 gdb hello"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Advanced gdb commands"
msgstr "高階 gdb 命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of advanced gdb commands"
msgstr "高階 gdb 命令列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "description for command objectives"
msgstr "命令用途的描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>(gdb) thread apply all bt</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(gdb) thread apply all bt</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "get a backtrace for all threads for multi-threaded program"
msgstr "得到多執行緒程式的所有執行緒棧幀"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>(gdb) bt full</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(gdb) bt full</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "get parameters came on the stack of function calls"
msgstr "檢視函式呼叫棧中的引數資訊"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>(gdb) thread apply all bt full</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(gdb) thread apply all bt full</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"get a backtrace and parameters as the combination of the preceding options"
msgstr "和前面的選項一起得到堆疊和引數"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>(gdb) thread apply all bt full 10</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(gdb) thread apply all bt full 10</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"get a backtrace and parameters for top 10 calls to cut off irrelevant output"
msgstr "得到前10個呼叫的棧幀和引數資訊，以此來去除不相關的輸出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "<literal>(gdb) set logging on</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>(gdb) set logging on</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"write log of <literal>gdb</literal> output to a file (the default is "
"\"<literal>gdb.txt</literal>\")"
msgstr ""
"把 <literal>gdb</literal> 的日誌輸出到檔案 (預設的是 \"<literal>gdb.txt</"
"literal>\")"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Debugging X Errors"
msgstr "除錯與 X 相關的錯誤"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If a GNOME program <literal>preview1</literal> has received an X error, you "
"should see a message as follows."
msgstr ""
"如果一個 GNOME 程式 <literal>preview1</literal> 收到了一個 X 錯誤，您應當看見"
"一條下面這樣的資訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "The program 'preview1' received an X Window System error."
msgstr "'preview1' 程式出現 X 桌面系統錯誤。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If this is the case, you can try running the program with \"<literal>--sync</"
"literal>\", and break on the \"<literal>gdk_x_error</literal>\" function in "
"order to obtain a backtrace."
msgstr ""
"如果就是這種情況，你可以嘗試在執行程式的時候加上 \"<literal>--sync</literal>"
"\" 選項，並且在 \"<literal>gdk_x_error</literal>\" 函式處設定中斷來獲得棧幀資"
"訊。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Check dependency on libraries"
msgstr "檢查庫依賴性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ldd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to find out a program's dependency on libraries by "
"the followings."
msgstr ""
"按如下所示使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ldd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來找出程式的庫依賴性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ldd /bin/ls\n"
"        librt.so.1 =&gt; /lib/librt.so.1 (0x4001e000)\n"
"        libc.so.6 =&gt; /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40030000)\n"
"        libpthread.so.0 =&gt; /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x40153000)\n"
"        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 =&gt; /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)"
msgstr ""
"$ ldd /bin/ls\n"
"        librt.so.1 =&gt; /lib/librt.so.1 (0x4001e000)\n"
"        libc.so.6 =&gt; /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40030000)\n"
"        libpthread.so.0 =&gt; /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x40153000)\n"
"        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 =&gt; /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> to work in a `chroot`ed environment, the above libraries must "
"be available in your `chroot`ed environment."
msgstr ""
"因為 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 執行在 `chroot`ed 環境，以上的庫在 `chroot`ed 環境"
"也必須是可用的。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"_tracing_program_activities\"/>."
msgstr "參見 <xref linkend=\"_tracing_program_activities\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Memory leak detection tools"
msgstr "記憶體洩漏檢測工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "There are several memory leak detection tools available in Debian."
msgstr "Debian 上有一些可用的記憶體洩漏檢測工具。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of memory leak detection tools"
msgstr "記憶體洩漏檢測工具的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mtrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>: malloc debugging functionality in glibc"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mtrace</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>：除錯 glibc 中的 malloc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "memory debugger and profiler"
msgstr "記憶體偵錯程式和分析器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>malloc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> debugger"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>malloc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>e</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 偵錯程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "memory-leak tracer for C++ programs"
msgstr "C++ 程式記憶體洩露跟蹤器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "debug memory allocation library"
msgstr "記憶體分配庫除錯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Static code analysis tools"
msgstr "靜態程式碼分析工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are <ulink url=\"&lint;\">lint</ulink> like tools for <ulink url="
"\"&staticcodeanalysis;\">static code analysis</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"如下是類似 <ulink url=\"&lint;\">lint</ulink> 的<ulink url="
"\"&staticcodeanalysis;\">靜態程式碼分析工具</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><title>
msgid "List of tools for static code analysis"
msgstr "靜態程式碼分析工具的列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tool for statically checking C programs for bugs"
msgstr "靜態檢查 C 程式 bug 的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "tool to examine C/C++ source code and looks for security weaknesses"
msgstr "檢查 C/C++ 原始碼和查詢安全漏洞的工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"interpreter with internal static code checker: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>B::Lint</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3perl</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"帶有內部靜態程式碼檢測的直譯器：<citerefentry><refentrytitle>B::Lint</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>3perl</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Python code static checker"
msgstr "Python 程式碼靜態檢查器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "syntax and minimal style checker for HTML"
msgstr "用於 HTML 的小巧的語法檢查器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "fast link checker and web site maintenance tool"
msgstr "快速的網站維護工具及連結檢查器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"utilities with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmllint</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to validate XML files"
msgstr ""
"使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>xmllint</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 來檢查 XML 檔案"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Disassemble binary"
msgstr "反彙編二進位制程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can disassemble binary code with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>objdump</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> by the following."
msgstr ""
"你可以使用下面的方式通過 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>objdump</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 反編譯二進位制程式碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "$  objdump -m i386 -b binary -D /usr/lib/grub/x86_64-pc/stage1"
msgstr "$  objdump -m i386 -b binary -D /usr/lib/grub/x86_64-pc/stage1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><note><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> may be used to disassemble code interactively."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 可以用來互動式反彙編程式碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Flex — a better Lex"
msgstr "Flex — 一個更好的 Lex"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&flex;\">Flex</ulink> is a <ulink url=\"&lex;\">Lex</ulink>-"
"compatible fast <ulink url=\"&lexicalanalyzer;\">lexical analyzer</ulink> "
"generator."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&flex;\">Flex</ulink> 是相容 <ulink url=\"&lex;\">Lex</ulink> 的"
"快速<ulink url=\"&lexicalanalyzer;\">語法分析程式</ulink>生成器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Tutorial for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>flex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> can be found in \"<literal>info flex</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"可以使用 “<literal>info flex</literal>” 檢視 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flex</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的教程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to provide your own \"<literal>main()</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>yywrap()</literal>\".  Otherwise, your flex program should look "
"like this to compile without a library.  This is because that "
"\"<literal>yywrap</literal>\" is a macro and \"<literal>%option main</"
"literal>\" turns on \"<literal>%option noyywrap</literal>\" implicitly."
msgstr ""
"你需要提供你自己的 \"<literal>main()</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>yywrap()</"
"literal>\".否則，你的 flex 程式，看起來像這樣的，編譯的時候將不會帶庫。這是因"
"為 \"<literal>yywrap</literal>\" 是一個巨集， \"<literal>%option main</"
"literal>\" 隱性打開了 \"<literal>%option noyywrap</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"%option main\n"
"%%\n"
".|\\n    ECHO ;\n"
"%%"
msgstr ""
"%option main\n"
"%%\n"
".|\\n    ECHO ;\n"
"%%"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you may compile with the \"<literal>-lfl</literal>\" linker "
"option at the end of your <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> command line (like "
"AT&amp;T-Lex with \"<literal>-ll</literal>\").  No \"<literal>%option</"
"literal>\" is needed in this case."
msgstr ""
"另外一種方法，在你的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令列結尾，你可以使用"
"編譯連結器選項，\"<literal>-lfl</literal>\"。(像使用 \"<literal>-ll</literal>"
"\" 的 AT&amp;T-Lex ). 在這種情況下，不需要 \"<literal>%option</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Bison — a better Yacc"
msgstr "Bison — 一個更好的 Yacc"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Several packages provide a <ulink url=\"&yacc;\">Yacc</ulink>-compatible "
"lookahead <ulink url=\"&lrparser;\">LR parser</ulink> or <ulink url="
"\"&lalrparser;\">LALR parser</ulink> generator in Debian."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian 裡，有幾個軟體包提供 <ulink url=\"&yacc;\">Yacc</ulink>相容的前瞻性"
"的 <ulink url=\"&lrparser;\">LR 解析</ulink> 或 <ulink url=\"&lalrparser;"
"\">LALR 解析</ulink>的生成器。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of Yacc-compatible LALR parser generators"
msgstr "相容 Yacc 的 LALR 解析器生成器列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&gnulalrparsergenerator;\">GNU LALR parser generator</ulink>"
msgstr "<ulink url=\"&gnulalrparsergenerator;\">GNU LALR 解析器生成器</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Berkeley LALR parser generator"
msgstr "伯克利（Berkeley）LALR 解析器生成器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "backtracking parser generator based on <literal>byacc</literal>"
msgstr "基於 <literal>byacc</literal> 的回溯解析生成器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Tutorial for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bison</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> can be found in \"<literal>info bison</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"可以使用 “<literal>info bison</literal>” 檢視 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bison</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 的教程。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You need to provide your own \"<literal>main()</literal>\" and "
"\"<literal>yyerror()</literal>\".  \"<literal>main()</literal>\" calls "
"\"<literal>yyparse()</literal>\" which calls \"<literal>yylex()</literal>\", "
"usually created with Flex."
msgstr ""
"你需要提供你自己的的 \"<literal>main()</literal>\" 和 \"<literal>yyerror()</"
"literal>\".通常，Flex 建立的 \"<literal>main()</literal>\" 呼叫 "
"\"<literal>yyparse()</literal>\"，它又呼叫了 \"<literal>yylex()</literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"%%\n"
"\n"
"%%"
msgstr ""
"%%\n"
"\n"
"%%"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Autoconf"
msgstr "Autoconf"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&autoconf;\">Autoconf</ulink> is a tool for producing shell "
"scripts that automatically configure software source code packages to adapt "
"to many kinds of Unix-like systems using the entire GNU build system."
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&autoconf;\">autoconf</ulink> 是一種用於自動生成軟體原始碼包配"
"置 shell 指令碼的工具，以適應使用完整 GNU 構建系統的各種類 Unix 系統。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>autoconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> produces the configuration script "
"\"<literal>configure</literal>\". \"<literal>configure</literal>\" "
"automatically creates a customized \"<literal>Makefile</literal>\" using the "
"\"<literal>Makefile.in</literal>\" template."
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>autoconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> 生成配置指令碼 “<literal>configure</"
"literal>”。“<literal>configure</literal>” 使用 “<literal>Makefile.in</"
"literal>” 模板自動生成一個自定義的 “<literal>Makefile</literal>”。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Compile and install a program"
msgstr "編譯並安裝程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Do not overwrite system files with your compiled programs when installing "
"them."
msgstr "當你安裝編譯好的程式的時候，注意不要覆蓋系統檔案。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Debian does not touch files in \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\" or "
"\"<literal>/opt</literal>\".  So if you compile a program from source, "
"install it into \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\" so it does not interfere "
"with Debian."
msgstr ""
"Debian 不會在 \"<literal>/usr/local</literal>\" 或 \"<literal>/opt</literal>"
"\" 目錄下建立檔案。如果你想要原始碼編譯程式，把它安裝到 \"<literal>/usr/"
"local/</literal>\" 目錄下，因為這並不會影響到 Debian。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ cd src\n"
"$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local\n"
"$ make\n"
"$ make install # this puts the files in the system"
msgstr ""
"$ cd src\n"
"$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local\n"
"$ make\n"
"$ make install # 這一步是把檔案安裝到系統上"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Uninstall program"
msgstr "解除安裝程式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you have the original source and if it uses "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>autoconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>/<citerefentry><refentrytitle>automake</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and if you can "
"remember how you configured it, execute as follows to uninstall the program."
msgstr ""
"如果你有原始碼並且它使用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>autoconf</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>/"
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>automake</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>，如果你能記得你是怎樣配置它的話，執行如下的命令來解"
"除安裝程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ./configure \"all-of-the-options-you-gave-it\"\n"
"# make uninstall"
msgstr ""
"$ ./configure \"all-of-the-options-you-gave-it\"\n"
"# make uninstall"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, if you are absolutely sure that the install process puts "
"files only under \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>\" and there is nothing "
"important there, you can erase all its contents by the following."
msgstr ""
"或者，如果你十分確信安裝程序把檔案都放在了 \"<literal>/usr/local/</literal>"
"\" 下並且這裡沒什麼重要的東西，你可以通過如下的命令來清除它所有的內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "# find /usr/local -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f"
msgstr "# find /usr/local -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you are not sure where files are installed, you should consider using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>checkinstall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> from the <literal>checkinstall</literal> package, "
"which provides a clean path for the uninstall.  It now supports to create a "
"Debian package with \"<literal>-D</literal>\" option."
msgstr ""
"如果你不確定檔案被安裝到了哪裡，你可以考慮使用 <literal>checkinstall</"
"literal> 軟體包中的 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>checkinstall</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>，它將會提供一個清晰的解"
"除安裝路徑。現在，它支援建立帶有 “<literal>-D</literal>” 選項的 Debian 軟體"
"包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Perl short script madness"
msgstr "Perl 短指令碼的瘋狂"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Although any <ulink url=\"&awk;\">AWK</ulink> scripts can be automatically "
"rewritten in <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink> using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>a2p</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, one-liner AWK scripts are best converted to one-liner Perl "
"scripts manually."
msgstr ""
"雖然任何 <ulink url=\"&awk;\">AWK</ulink> 指令碼都可以通過 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>a2p</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> 轉換成 <ulink url=\"&perl;\">Perl</ulink>，但單行的 AWK 指令碼"
"最好還是手動轉換為單行的 Perl 指令碼。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Let's think following AWK script snippet."
msgstr "讓我們來看看下面這個 AWK 指令碼片段。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "awk '($2==\"1957\") { print $3 }' |"
msgstr "awk '($2==\"1957\") { print $3 }' |"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "This is equivalent to any one of the following lines."
msgstr "這等價於下列的任意一行。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "perl -ne '@f=split; if ($f[1] eq \"1957\") { print \"$f[2]\\n\"}' |"
msgstr "perl -ne '@f=split; if ($f[1] eq \"1957\") { print \"$f[2]\\n\"}' |"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "perl -ne 'if ((@f=split)[1] eq \"1957\") { print \"$f[2]\\n\"}' |"
msgstr "perl -ne 'if ((@f=split)[1] eq \"1957\") { print \"$f[2]\\n\"}' |"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "perl -ne '@f=split; print $f[2] if ( $f[1]==1957 )' |"
msgstr "perl -ne '@f=split; print $f[2] if ( $f[1]==1957 )' |"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "perl -lane 'print $F[2] if $F[1] eq \"1957\"' |"
msgstr "perl -lane 'print $F[2] if $F[1] eq \"1957\"' |"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "perl -lane 'print$F[2]if$F[1]eq+1957' |"
msgstr "perl -lane 'print$F[2]if$F[1]eq+1957' |"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The last one is a riddle.  It took advantage of following Perl features."
msgstr "最後一個簡直就是個迷。它用上了下面列出的這些 Perl 的特性。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The whitespace is optional."
msgstr "空格為可選項。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The automatic conversion exists from number to the string."
msgstr "存在從數字到字串的自動轉換。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perlrun</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> for the command-line options.  For more crazy Perl "
"scripts, <ulink url=\"&perlgolf;\">Perl Golf</ulink> may be interesting."
msgstr ""
"更多的命令列選項參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perlrun</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>。想要更瘋狂的 Perl 指令"
"碼，可以使用 <ulink url=\"&perlgolf;\">Perl Golf</ulink>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Web"
msgstr "Web"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Basic interactive dynamic web pages can be made as follows."
msgstr "基本的動態互動網頁可由如下方法制作。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Queries are presented to the browser user using <ulink url=\"&html;\">HTML</"
"ulink> forms."
msgstr "呈現給瀏覽器使用者的是 <ulink url=\"&html;\">HTML</ulink> 形式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Filling and clicking on the form entries sends one of the following <ulink "
"url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink> string with encoded parameters from the browser to "
"the web server."
msgstr ""
"填充並點選表單條目將會從瀏覽器向 web 伺服器傳送帶有編碼引數的下列 <ulink url="
"\"&url;\">URL</ulink> 字串之一。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>http://www.foo.dom/cgi-bin/program.pl?VAR1=VAL1&amp;VAR2=VAL2&amp;"
"VAR3=VAL3</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>http://www.foo.dom/cgi-bin/program.pl?VAR1=VAL1&amp;VAR2=VAL2&amp;"
"VAR3=VAL3</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>http://www.foo.dom/cgi-bin/program.py?VAR1=VAL1&amp;VAR2=VAL2&amp;"
"VAR3=VAL3</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>http://www.foo.dom/cgi-bin/program.py?VAR1=VAL1&amp;VAR2=VAL2&amp;"
"VAR3=VAL3</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>http://www.foo.dom/program.php?VAR1=VAL1&amp;VAR2=VAL2&amp;"
"VAR3=VAL3</literal>\""
msgstr ""
"\"<literal>http://www.foo.dom/program.php?VAR1=VAL1&amp;VAR2=VAL2&amp;"
"VAR3=VAL3</literal>\""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<literal>%nn</literal>\" in URL is replaced with a character with "
"hexadecimal <literal>nn</literal> value."
msgstr ""
"在 URL 裡面 \"<literal>%nn</literal>\" 是使用一個 16 進位制字元的 "
"<literal>nn</literal> 值代替。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The environment variable is set as: \"<literal>QUERY_STRING=\"VAR1=VAL1 "
"VAR2=VAL2 VAR3=VAL3\"</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"環境變數設定為: \"<literal>QUERY_STRING=\"VAR1=VAL1 VAR2=VAL2 VAR3=VAL3\"</"
"literal>\"."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&cgi;\">CGI</ulink> program (any one of \"<literal>program.*</"
"literal>\") on the web server executes itself with the environment variable "
"\"<literal>$QUERY_STRING</literal>\"."
msgstr ""
"Web伺服器上的<ulink url=\"&cgi;\">CGI</ulink>程式 (任何一個 "
"\"<literal>program.*</literal>\")在執行時，都會使用\"<literal>$QUERY_STRING</"
"literal>\"環境變數."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<literal>stdout</literal> of CGI program is sent to the web browser and is "
"presented as an interactive dynamic web page."
msgstr ""
"CGI 程式的 <literal>stdout</literal>傳送到瀏覽器，作為互動式的動態 web 頁面展"
"示。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For security reasons it is better not to hand craft new hacks for parsing "
"CGI parameters.  There are established modules for them in Perl and Python.  "
"<ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink> comes with these functionalities.  When "
"client data storage is needed, <ulink url=\"&httpcookies;\">HTTP cookies</"
"ulink> are used.  When client side data processing is needed, <ulink url="
"\"&javascript;\">Javascript</ulink> is frequently used."
msgstr ""
"出於安全考慮，最好不要自己從頭編寫解析CGI引數的手藝.  在Perl和Python中有現有"
"的模組可以使用.  <ulink url=\"&php;\">PHP</ulink> 中包含這些功能.  當需要客戶"
"端資料儲存時, 可使用<ulink url=\"&httpcookies;\">HTTP cookies</ulink> .  當需"
"要處理客戶端資料時, 通常使用<ulink url=\"&javascript;\">Javascript</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For more, see the <ulink url=\"&commongatewayinterface;\">Common Gateway "
"Interface</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&theapachesoftwarefoundation;\">The Apache "
"Software Foundation</ulink>, and <ulink url=\"&javascript;\">JavaScript</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
"更多資訊，參見 <ulink url=\"&commongatewayinterface;\">通用閘道器介面</"
"ulink>, <ulink url=\"&theapachesoftwarefoundation;\">Apache 軟體基金會</"
"ulink>, 和 <ulink url=\"&javascript;\">JavaScript</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Searching \"CGI tutorial\" on Google by typing encoded URL <ulink url="
"\"&httpwwwgooglecomutfiqcgitutorial;\">http://www.google.com/search?"
"hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=CGI+tutorial</ulink> directly to the browser "
"address is a good way to see the CGI script in action on the Google server."
msgstr ""
"直接在瀏覽器地址中輸入 <ulink url=\"&httpwwwgooglecomutfiqcgitutorial;"
"\">http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=CGI+tutorial</"
"ulink> 就可以在 Google 上搜索 “CGI tutorial”。這是在 Google 伺服器上檢視 CGI "
"指令碼執行的好方法。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "The source code translation"
msgstr "原始碼轉換"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "There are programs to convert source codes."
msgstr "原始碼轉換程式。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "List of source code translation tools"
msgstr "原始碼轉換工具列表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "AWK→PERL"
msgstr "AWK→PERL"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"convert source codes from AWK to PERL: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>a2p</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"把原始碼從 AWK 轉換為 PERL: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>a2p</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "FORTRAN→C"
msgstr "FORTRAN→C"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid ""
"convert source codes from FORTRAN 77 to C/C++: "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>f2c</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"把原始碼從 FORTRAN 77 轉換成 C/C++: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>f2c</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "intel→gas"
msgstr "intel→gas"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "converter from NASM (Intel format) to the GNU Assembler (GAS)"
msgstr "從 NASM (Intel 格式)轉換成 GNU 彙編程式(GAS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Making Debian package"
msgstr "製作 Debian 包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid "If you want to make a Debian package, read followings."
msgstr "如果你想製作一個 Debian 包，閱讀下面內容。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"_debian_package_management\"/> to understand the basic "
"package system"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_debian_package_management\"/> 理解基本的包管理系統"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/> to understand "
"basic porting process"
msgstr ""
"<xref linkend=\"_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system\"/> 理解基本的移植過"
"程"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"_chroot_system\"/> to understand basic chroot techniques"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_chroot_system\"/> 理解基本的 chroot 技術"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debuild</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pbuilder</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pdebuild</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"
msgstr ""
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debuild</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pbuilder</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 和 "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pdebuild</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"_debugging_the_debian_package\"/> for recompiling for "
"debugging"
msgstr "<xref linkend=\"_debugging_the_debian_package\"/> 編譯和除錯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">Debian New Maintainers' Guide</"
"ulink> as tutorial (the <literal>maint-guide</literal> package)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiannewmaintainersguide;\">Debian 新維護者指引</ulink> 作為一"
"個教程(<literal>maint-guide</literal> 包)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersreference;\">Debian Developer's Reference</"
"ulink> (the <literal>developers-reference</literal> package)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debiandevelopersreference;\">Debian 開發者參考手冊</ulink> "
"(<literal>developers-reference</literal> 包)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian Policy Manual</ulink> (the "
"<literal>debian-policy</literal> package)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&debianpolicymanual;\">Debian 策略手冊</ulink> (<literal>debian-"
"policy</literal> 包)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"&guidefordebianmaintainers;\">Guide for Debian Maintainers</"
"ulink> (the <literal>debmake-doc</literal> package)"
msgstr ""
"<ulink url=\"&guidefordebianmaintainers;\">Debian 維護者指引</ulink> "
"(<literal>debmake-doc</literal> 包)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are packages such as <literal>debmake</literal>, <literal>dh-make</"
"literal>, <literal>dh-make-perl</literal>, etc., which help packaging."
msgstr ""
"<literal>debmake</literal>, <literal>dh-make</literal>, <literal>dh-make-"
"perl</literal> 等軟體包，對軟體包打包過程，也有幫助。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
msgid "Appendix"
msgstr "附錄"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
msgid "Here are backgrounds of this document."
msgstr "本文檔背景。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
msgid "The Debian maze"
msgstr "Debian 迷宮"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Linux system is a very powerful computing platform for a networked "
"computer.  However, learning how to use all its capabilities is not easy. "
"Setting up the LPR printer queue with a non-PostScript printer was a good "
"example of stumble points. (There are no issues anymore since newer "
"installations use the new CUPS system.)"
msgstr ""
"Linux 系統是一個面向網絡計算機的功能強大的計算平臺。然而，學習使用它的全部功"
"能並非易事。使用非 PostScript 的打印機配置 LPR 打印機隊列，就是個好例子。（自"
"從使用新 CUPS 系統的新的安裝系統出現後，就不再會有問題。）"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"There is a complete, detailed map called the \"SOURCE CODE\".  This is very "
"accurate but very hard to understand.  There are also references called "
"HOWTO and mini-HOWTO.  They are easier to understand but tend to give too "
"much detail and lose the big picture.  I sometimes have a problem finding "
"the right section in a long HOWTO when I need a few commands to invoke."
msgstr ""
"有一張完整而詳盡的地圖叫做“SOURCE CODE”，它非常準確但極難理解。還有一些參考書"
"叫 HOWTO 和 mini-HOWTO，它們易於理解，但給出了太多細節反而讓人忘記了大方向。"
"爲了使用某個命令，我有時得在長長的 HOWTO 中找上半天。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "I hope this \"Debian Reference (version 2)\" provides a good starting "
#| "direction for people in the Debian maze."
msgid ""
"I hope this \"Debian Reference (version &dr-version;)\" (&build-date;) "
"provides a good starting direction for people in the Debian maze."
msgstr ""
"我希望這個“Debian 參考手冊（第二版）”爲在 Debian 迷宮裏面的人，提供一個好的開"
"始指引。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
msgid "Copyright history"
msgstr "版權歷史"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Debian Reference was initiated by me, Osamu Aoki &lt;osamu at debian dot "
"org&gt;, as a personal system administration memo. Many contents came from "
"the knowledge I gained from <ulink url=\"&thedebianusermailinglist;\">the "
"debian-user mailing list</ulink> and other Debian resources."
msgstr ""
"Debian 參考手冊由我（Osamu Aoki&lt;osamu at debian dot org&gt;）發起，將其作"
"爲一個個人系統管理筆記。其中的許多內容都是我從<ulink url="
"\"&thedebianusermailinglist;\">Debian 用戶郵件列表</ulink>和其他 Debian 相關"
"資源獲得的積累。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"Following a suggestion from Josip Rodin, who was very active with the <ulink "
"url=\"&debiandocumentationprojectddp;\">Debian Documentation Project (DDP)</"
"ulink>, \"Debian Reference (version 1, 2001-2007)\" was created as a part of "
"DDP documents."
msgstr ""
"在採納了來自 Josip Rodin 的建議之後（Josip Rodin 在<ulink url="
"\"&debiandocumentationprojectddp;\">Debian 文檔項目（DDP）</ulink>中非常活"
"躍）,“Debian 參考手冊（第一版，2001-2007）”成爲了 DDP 文檔的一員。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"After 6 years, I realized that the original \"Debian Reference (version 1)\" "
"was outdated and started to rewrite many contents.  New \"Debian Reference "
"(version 2)\" is released in 2008."
msgstr ""
"6年後，我意識到原來的“Debian 參考手冊（第一版）”內容陳舊，便開始重新很多內"
"容。新的“Debian 參考手冊（第二版）”在 2008 年發佈。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The tutorial contents can trace its origin and its inspiration in followings."
msgstr "教程的起源和靈感，可以通過下面的內容來追溯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&linuxusersguide;\">Linux User's Guide</ulink>\" by Larry "
"Greenfield (December 1996)"
msgstr ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&linuxusersguide;\">Linux 使用者手冊</ulink>\"  Larry "
"Greenfield (1996年12月)"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "obsoleted by \"Debian Tutorial\""
msgstr "該文件被後來的《Debian 教程》取代"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debiantutorial;\">Debian Tutorial</ulink>\" by Havoc "
"Pennington. (11 December, 1998)"
msgstr ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debiantutorial;\">Debian 教程</ulink>\"  Havoc Pennington "
"(1998年12月11日)"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"partially written by Oliver Elphick, Ole Tetlie, James Treacy, Craig Sawyer, "
"and Ivan E. Moore II"
msgstr ""
"部分由 Oliver Elphick, Ole Tetlie, James Treacy, Craig Sawyer 和 Ivan E. "
"Moore II 書寫"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "obsoleted by \"Debian GNU/Linux: Guide to Installation and Usage\""
msgstr "該文件被後來的 《Debian GNU/Linux: 安裝和使用手冊》取代"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debiangnulinuxguallationandusage;\">Debian GNU/Linux: Guide "
"to Installation and Usage</ulink>\" by John Goerzen and Ossama Othman (1999)"
msgstr ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debiangnulinuxguallationandusage;\">Debian GNU/Linux: 安裝和"
"使用手冊</ulink>\"  John Goerzen 和 Ossama Othman (1999)"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "obsoleted by \"Debian Reference (version 1)\""
msgstr "該文件被《Debian 參考手冊（第一版）》取代"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The package and archive description can trace some of their origin and their "
"inspiration in following."
msgstr "軟體包和文件描述的一些起源和靈感，能夠通過下面的內容來追溯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debianfaq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>\" (March 2002 version, when "
"this was maintained by Josip Rodin)"
msgstr ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debianfaq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>\" (March 2002 年 3 月版本，當"
"時是由 Josip Rodin 維護)"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The other contents can trace some of their origin and their inspiration in "
"following."
msgstr "其它內容的一些起源和靈感，能夠通過下面的內容來追溯。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debianreference;\">Debian Reference</ulink> (version 1)\" by "
"Osamu Aoki (2001–2007)"
msgstr ""
"\"<ulink url=\"&debianreference;\">Debian 參考手冊</ulink> (第一版)\"  Osamu "
"Aoki (2001–2007)"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "obsoleted by this new \"Debian Reference (version 2)\""
msgid "obsoleted by the newer \"Debian Reference (version 2)\" in 2008."
msgstr "由這個新的 \"Debian 參考手冊 (第二版)\" 取代"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The previous \"Debian Reference (version 1)\" was created with many "
"contributors."
msgstr "先前的“Debian 參考手冊 (第一版)”由許多貢獻者創建。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"the major contents contribution on network configuration topics by Thomas "
"Hood"
msgstr "Thomas Hood 是網絡配置主題的主要內容貢獻者"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"significant contents contribution on X and VCS related topics by Brian Nelson"
msgstr "Brian Nelson 突出貢獻了關於 X 和 VCS 的相關主題"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"the help on the build scripts and many content corrections by Jens Seidel"
msgstr "Jens Seidel 對構建腳本和許多內容的更正提供了幫助"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "extensive proofreading by David Sewell"
msgstr "David Sewell 進行了大量的校對"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "many contributions by the translators, contributors, and bug reporters"
msgstr "來自翻譯者、貢獻者和 bug 報告者的許多貢獻"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"Many manual pages and info pages on the Debian system were used as the "
"primary references to write this document.  To the extent Osamu Aoki "
"considered within the <ulink url=\"&fairuse;\">fair use</ulink>, many parts "
"of them, especially command definitions, were used as phrase pieces after "
"careful editorial efforts to fit them into the style and the objective of "
"this document."
msgstr ""
"Debian系統中許多的幫助頁面和信息頁面被用來作爲這個文檔的主要參考. 在一些修正"
"的程序上也考慮了<ulink url=\"&fairuse;\">公平使用</ulink>, 它們中的許多地方, "
"尤其是命令的定義, 被經過精心的編輯, 以適應這些樣式和作爲本文檔的短語部分."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The gdb debugger description was expanded using <ulink url="
"\"&debianwikicontentsonbacktrace;\">Debian wiki contents on backtrace</"
"ulink> with consent by Ari Pollak, Loïc Minier, and Dafydd Harries."
msgstr ""
"gdb調試器的描述使用了擴展<ulink url=\"&debianwikicontentsonbacktrace;"
"\">Debian 維基內容的回溯系統</ulink>, 這是被Ari Pollak, Loïc Minier, 和"
"Dafydd Harries 同意的."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Contents of \"Debian Reference (version 2)\" are mostly my own work "
#| "except as mentioned above.  These has been updated by the contributors "
#| "too."
msgid ""
"Contents of the current \"Debian Reference (version &dr-version;)\" (&build-"
"date;) are mostly my own work except as mentioned above.  These has been "
"updated by the contributors too."
msgstr ""
"除了上面提到的，“Debian 參考手冊（第二版）”的大部分內容是我自己的工作。這些也"
"被貢獻者更新。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The author, Osamu Aoki, thanks all those who helped make this document "
"possible."
msgstr "作者 Osamu Aoki 在此感謝所有在文檔寫作過程中曾給予幫助的人。"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
msgid "Document format"
msgstr "文檔格式"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
msgid ""
"The source of the English original document is currently written in <ulink "
"url=\"&asciidoc;\">AsciiDoc</ulink> text files.  <ulink url=\"&asciidoc;"
"\">AsciiDoc</ulink> is used as convenience only since it is less typing than "
"straight XML and supports table in the very intuitive format.  You should "
"think XML and PO files as real source files.  Via build script, it is "
"converted to DocBook XML format and automatically generated data are "
"inserted to form a final Docbook XML source. This final Docbook XML source "
"can be converted to HTML, epub, plain text, PostScript, and PDF. (Some "
"formats may be skipped for distribution.)"
msgstr ""
"英文原始文檔的源文件目前是使用 <ulink url=\"&asciidoc;\">AsciiDoc</ulink> 文"
"本文件來書寫。<ulink url=\"&asciidoc;\">AsciiDoc</ulink> 使用起來非常便利，因"
"爲它比起整齊的 XML，鍵入比較少，並且用非常直觀的方式支持表格。你可以認爲 XML "
"和 PO 文件是真正的源文件。通過構建腳本，他們被轉換成 DocBook XML 格式，自動產"
"生的數據會被插入，並形成一個最終的 Docbook XML 源。 這個最終的 Docbook XML 源"
"文件能夠被轉換成 HTML, epub, 純文本, PostScript, 和 PDF. (發佈的時候，會省略"
"部分格式。)"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Multimedia plugin based on <ulink url=\"&vlcmediaplayer;\">VLC media "
#~ "player</ulink>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "基於 <ulink url=\"&vlcmediaplayer;\">VLC 媒體播放器</ulink>的多媒體外掛"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "daemon to manage events delivered by the Advanced Power Management (APM)"
#~ msgstr "管理高階電源管理(APM)事件分發的後臺守護程序（daemon）"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbox"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Folders_(.pst)_file"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Folders_(.pst)_file"

#~ msgid "Flash plugin based on Gnash"
#~ msgstr "基於 Gnash 的 Flash 外掛"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Gtk+ frontend to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#~ "citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 Gtk+ 前端"

#~ msgid "$ gksu foo &amp;"
#~ msgstr "$ gksu foo &amp;"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The <literal>gksu</literal> package (popcon: &pop-gksu;) is a specialized "
#~ "GTK+ GUI package for gaining the root privileges.  It can be configured "
#~ "to use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> as its backend "
#~ "depending on the \"<literal>/apps/gksu/sudo-mode</literal>\" gconf key.  "
#~ "You can edit gconf key using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gconf-editor</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> (menu: "
#~ "\"Applications\" → \"System Tools\" → \"Configuration Editor\")."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>gksu</literal> 軟體包（流行度：&pop-gksu;）是一個專門用於獲取 "
#~ "root 許可權的 GTK+GUI 軟體包。它可以配置為使用 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
#~ "citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sudo</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 作為後端，使用哪一個"
#~ "取決於 “<literal>/apps/gksu/sudo-mode</literal>” 中的 gconf 鍵。你可以使"
#~ "用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gconf-editor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> （選單：“應用程式” → “系統工具” → “配置編輯器”）"
#~ "來編輯 gconf 鍵。"

#~ msgid "PST"
#~ msgstr "PST"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "convert Microsoft <ulink url=\"&outlookpstfiles;\">Outlook PST files</"
#~ "ulink> to <ulink url=\"&mbox;\">mbox</ulink> format"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "轉化微軟的 <ulink url=\"&outlookpstfiles;\">Outlook PST 檔案</ulink> 到 "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&mbox;\">mbox</ulink> 格式"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "KDE memory leak tracer using glibc's <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mtrace</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "使用 glibc's <citerefentry><refentrytitle>matrace</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 的 KDE 記憶體洩漏追"
#~ "蹤器"

#~ msgid "https://bugs.debian.org/790100"
#~ msgstr "https://bugs.debian.org/790100"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The above is no longer true with the new multi-segment initramfs. See "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&bughjabaa;\">Bug #790100</ulink>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "使用新的 multi-segment initramfs 之後，上述內容已不正確。請參見<ulink url="
#~ "\"&bughjabaa;\">錯誤 #790100</ulink>。"

#, fuzzy
#~| msgid ""
#~| "You can interrupt this part of the boot process to gain root shell by "
#~| "providing \"<literal>break=init</literal>\" etc. to the kernel boot "
#~| "parameter. See the \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script for more break "
#~| "conditions.  This shell environment is sophisticated enough to make a "
#~| "good inspection of your machine's hardware."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" program is a shell script program if "
#~ "initramfs was created by <literal>initramfs-tools</literal>.  <emphasis "
#~ "role=\"strong\"> You can interrupt this part of the boot process to gain "
#~ "root shell by providing \"<literal>break=init</literal>\" etc. to the "
#~ "kernel boot parameter. See the \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script for "
#~ "more break conditions.  This shell environment is sophisticated enough to "
#~ "make a good inspection of your machine's hardware.  </emphasis> Commands "
#~ "available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down ones and mainly "
#~ "provided by a GNU tool called <citerefentry><refentrytitle>busybox</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "通過給內核添加 “<literal>break=init</literal>\" 等啓動參數，你可以中斷這部"
#~ "分啓動流程以獲取 root shell。更多中斷條件請參見 ”<literal>/init</"
#~ "literal>“ 腳本。這個 shell 環境已足夠成熟，你可通過它很好地檢查機器的硬"
#~ "件。"

#, fuzzy
#~| msgid ""
#~| "Set \"<literal>discard</literal>\" mount option in <literal>/etc/fstab</"
#~| "literal> for the ext4 filesystem, swap partition, Btrfs, etc. See "
#~| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" program is a binary <literal>systemd</"
#~ "literal> program if initramfs was created by <literal>dracut</literal>.  "
#~ "** Commands available in this mini-Debian system are stripped down "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> environment."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "在 <literal>/etc/fstab</literal> 中為 ext4 檔案系統、swap 分割槽、Btrfs 等"
#~ "設定 <literal>discard</literal> 掛載選項。參見 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX"

#~ msgid "http://alioth.debian.org"
#~ msgstr "http://alioth.debian.org"

#~ msgid "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2010/05/msg00009.html"
#~ msgstr "http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2010/05/msg00009.html"

#~ msgid "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/"
#~ msgstr "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX"

#~ msgid "http://kernel-handbook.alioth.debian.org"
#~ msgstr "http://kernel-handbook.alioth.debian.org"

#~ msgid "http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth"
#~ msgstr "http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth"

#~ msgid "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/todo.html"
#~ msgstr "http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/todo.html"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_3.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/"
#~ "tocsysinit.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_3.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/"
#~ "tocsysinit.html"

#~ msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys#s9.3.2"
#~ msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys#s9.3.2"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runlevel"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runlevel"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<copyright> <year>2013</year> <holder>Osamu Aoki</holder> </copyright>"
#~ msgstr "<copyright><year> 2013 </year><holder>青木修</holder></copyright>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This Debian Reference (v2) (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad "
#~ "overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It "
#~ "covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command "
#~ "examples for non-developers."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian 參考手冊（第二版）(&build-date;) 旨在爲運行 Debian 系統的用戶提供全"
#~ "面的指導。通過爲非開發者編寫的 shell 命令例子來涵蓋系統管理的方方面面。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This <ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian Reference (version "
#~ "2)</ulink> (&build-date;) is intended to provide a broad overview of the "
#~ "Debian system administration as a post-installation user guide."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&debianreferenceversionc;\">Debian 參考手冊（第二版）</"
#~ "ulink> (&build-date;) 旨在爲運行 Debian 系統的用戶提供全面的指導。"

#~ msgid "Large number of pre-compiled high quality softwares"
#~ msgstr "大量預編譯的高質量軟件"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Focus on smooth upgrade to latest softwares with <literal>unstable</"
#~ "literal> and <literal>testing</literal> archives"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "專門使用 <literal>unstable</literal> 和 <literal>testing</literal> 版來實"
#~ "現軟件最新版本的平滑升級"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">directory name</emphasis> is referred by the "
#~ "typewriter font between double quotation marks, such as \"<literal>/etc/"
#~ "init.d/</literal>\".  You are encouraged to explore its contents by "
#~ "typing the following."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<emphasis role=\"strong\">目錄名</emphasis>將由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進"
#~ "行標記，就像 \"<literal>/etc/init.d</literal>\"。你可以輸入下列的命令來瀏"
#~ "覽目錄的內容。"

#~ msgid "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""
#~ msgstr "$ mc \"/etc/init.d/\""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "A <emphasis role=\"strong\">documentation</emphasis> may indicate its "
#~ "location by the filename in the typewriter font between double quotation "
#~ "marks, such as \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</"
#~ "literal>\" and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups."
#~ "html</literal>\"; or by its <ulink url=\"&url;\">URL</ulink>, such as "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://www.debian.org</ulink>.  You "
#~ "are encouraged to read the documentation by typing the following."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "一個<emphasis role=\"strong\">文檔</emphasis>可能通過文件名來指示它的位"
#~ "置，文件名將由雙引號括起來的打印機字體進行標記，就像\"<literal>/usr/share/"
#~ "doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\"和\"<literal> /usr/share/doc/"
#~ "base-passwd/users-and-groups.html</literal> \"，或通過它的<ulink url="
#~ "\"&url;\">URL</ulink>，就像<ulink url=\"&httpswwwdebianorg;\">https://www."
#~ "debian.org</ulink>。你可以通過輸入下列命令來閱讀文檔。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
#~ "$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
#~ "$ sensible-browser \"https://www.debian.org\""
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "$ zcat \"/usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz\" | sensible-pager\n"
#~ "$ sensible-browser \"/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html\"\n"
#~ "$ sensible-browser \"https://www.debian.org\""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Esoteric configuration may be manually enabled by the system "
#~ "administrator.  This may create interferences with popular generic helper "
#~ "programs for the system configuration."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "高深的配置可以由系統管理員手動啟用。這可能會對用於系統配置的通用流行幫助程"
#~ "式造成干擾。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Do not play with boot loaders without having bootable rescue media (CD or "
#~ "floppy) created from images in the <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> "
#~ "package.  It makes you boot your system even without functioning "
#~ "bootloader on the hard disk."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "假如沒有從 <literal>grub-rescue-pc</literal> 軟件包中的映像製作出來的可引"
#~ "導修覆盤（CD 或軟盤）在手邊，請勿把玩引導加載程序。即使硬盤上沒有可正常工"
#~ "作的引導加載程序，可引導修覆盤也能引導你的系統。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The \"<literal>/init</literal>\" script is executed as the first program "
#~ "in this root filesystem on the memory.  It is a shell script program "
#~ "which initializes the kernel in user space and hands control over to the "
#~ "next stage. This mini-Debian system offers flexibility to the boot "
#~ "process such as adding kernel modules before the main boot process or "
#~ "mounting the root filesystem as an encrypted one."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>/init</literal> 腳本是內存中的根文件系統上執行的第一個程序。它是"
#~ "一個 shell 腳本程序，用於內存在用戶空間的初始化並把控制權交給下一階段。迷"
#~ "你 Debian 系統能夠在主引導流程之前添加內核模塊或以加密形式掛載根文件系統，"
#~ "使引導流程更加靈活。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "All boot mechanisms are compatible through \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rc</"
#~ "literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>\", \"<literal>/usr/sbin/"
#~ "update-rc.d</literal>\", and \"<literal>/usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d</literal>\" "
#~ "scripts."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/rc</literal>\"、“<literal>/etc/init.d/rcS</literal>"
#~ "\"、“<literal>/usr/sbin/update-rc.d</literal>” 及 “<literal>/usr/sbin/"
#~ "invoke-rc.d</literal>” 腳本中的啓動機制都是相互兼容的。"

#~ msgid "SysV-style init"
#~ msgstr "SysV 風格的 init"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The current default Debian system doesn't use SysV-style init.  Please "
#~ "read other resources for the modern systemd based init.  See <ulink url="
#~ "\"&thedebianadministratorshandbook;\">The Debian Administrator's "
#~ "Handbook</ulink>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "當前預設的 Debian 系統已不使用 SysV 風格的 init。請閱讀其它資源以獲取關於"
#~ "現代的基於 systemd 的 init。參見 <ulink url="
#~ "\"&thedebianadministratorshandbook;\"> Debian 管理員手冊</ulink>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This section describes how the good old SysV-style init used to boot the "
#~ "system.  Your Debian system does not function exactly as described here "
#~ "but it is quite educational to know this basics since the newer init "
#~ "system tends to offer equivalent functionalities."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "本章節描述優秀而老式的 SysV 風格的 init 是如何引導系統的。你的 Debian 系統"
#~ "的運作方式並不與此處描述的內容完全相同，但瞭解這些基礎內容頗具教育意義，因"
#~ "為更新的 init 系統傾向於提供相同的功能。"

#~ msgid "The SysV-style boot process essentially goes through the following."
#~ msgstr "SysV 風格的啟動流程本質上經歷了以下幾個階段。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel N</"
#~ "emphasis> (none) to initialize the system by following the \"<literal>/"
#~ "etc/inittab</literal>\" description."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian 系統進入<emphasis role=\"strong\">執行級別 N</emphasis>（無）並根"
#~ "據 “<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>” 的描述初始化系統。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Debian system goes into <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel S</"
#~ "emphasis> to initialize the system under the single-user mode to complete "
#~ "hardware initialization etc."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian 系統進入<emphasis role=\"strong\">執行級別 S</emphasis> 並在單使用"
#~ "者模式下完成系統的硬體初始化等等。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Debian system goes into one of the specified <emphasis role=\"strong"
#~ "\">multi-user runlevels (2 to 5)</emphasis> to start the system services."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian 系統進入某個指定的<emphasis role=\"strong\">多使用者執行級別（2 到 "
#~ "5）</emphasis>並啟動各個系統服務。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The initial runlevel used for multi-user mode is specified with the "
#~ "\"<literal>init=</literal>\" kernel boot parameter or in the \"initdefault"
#~ "\" line of the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\". The Debian system as "
#~ "installed starts at the <emphasis role=\"strong\">runlevel 2</emphasis>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "多使用者模式的初始執行級別，可通過核心啟動引數 “<literal>init=</literal>” "
#~ "指定，或在 “<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>” 中的 \"initdefault\" 行指定。"
#~ "已安裝的 Debian 系統以<emphasis role=\"strong\">執行級別 2</emphasis> 啟"
#~ "動。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "All actual script files executed by the init system are located in the "
#~ "directory \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "init 系統實際執行的所有指令碼檔案都在 “<literal>/etc/init.d/</literal>” 目"
#~ "錄中。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inittab</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and \"<literal>/"
#~ "usr/share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>\" for the exact "
#~ "explanation."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inittab</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> 及 “<literal>/usr/"
#~ "share/doc/sysv-rc/README.runlevels.gz</literal>” 以獲取確切的解釋。"

#~ msgid "The meaning of the runlevel"
#~ msgstr "執行級別的含義"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Each <ulink url=\"&runlevel;\">runlevel</ulink> uses a directory for its "
#~ "configuration and has specific meaning as the following."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "每一個<ulink url=\"&runlevel;\">執行級別</ulink>都使用一個目錄存放其配置，"
#~ "其特定的含義如下。"

#~ msgid "List of runlevels and description of their usage"
#~ msgstr "執行級別及其使用方法描述列表"

#~ msgid "runlevel"
#~ msgstr "執行級別"

#~ msgid "description of runlevel usage"
#~ msgstr "執行級別使用方法描述"

#~ msgid "<literal>N</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>N</literal>"

#~ msgid "none"
#~ msgstr "無"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "system bootup (NONE) level (no \"<literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal>\" "
#~ "directory)"
#~ msgstr "系統引導（無）級別（沒有 “<literal>/etc/rcN.d/</literal>” 目錄）"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc0.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc0.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "halt the system"
#~ msgstr "將系統停止"

#~ msgid "<literal>S</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>S</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "single-user mode on boot (alias: \"<literal>s</literal>\")"
#~ msgstr "啟動時的單使用者模式（別名：“<literal>s</literal>”）"

#~ msgid "<literal>1</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>1</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc1.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc1.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "single-user mode switched from multi-user mode"
#~ msgstr "從多使用者模式切換過來的單使用者模式"

#~ msgid "<literal>2</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>2</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc2.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "multi-user mode"
#~ msgstr "多使用者模式"

#~ msgid "<literal>3</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>3</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc3.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc3.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid ",,"
#~ msgstr "同上"

#~ msgid "<literal>4</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>4</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc4.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc4.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>5</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>5</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc5.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc5.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>6</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>6</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc6.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc6.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "reboot the system"
#~ msgstr "重啟系統"

#~ msgid "<literal>7</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>7</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc7.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc7.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "valid multi-user mode but not normally used"
#~ msgstr "有效的多使用者模式但通常不使用"

#~ msgid "<literal>8</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>8</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc8.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc8.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>9</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>9</literal>"

#~ msgid "<literal>/etc/rc9.d/</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>/etc/rc9.d/</literal>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can change the runlevel from the console to, e.g., 4 by the following."
#~ msgstr "例如，你可在控制檯中使用如下命令將執行級別修改為 4。"

#~ msgid "$ sudo telinit 4"
#~ msgstr "$ sudo telinit 4"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<emphasis role=\"strong\">The Debian system does not pre-assign any "
#~ "special meaning differences among the <ulink url=\"&runlevels;"
#~ "\">runlevels</ulink> between 2 and 5.</emphasis> The system administrator "
#~ "on the Debian system may change this.  (I.e., Debian is not <ulink url="
#~ "\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> nor <ulink url="
#~ "\"&solarisbysunmicrosystems;\">Solaris by Sun Microsystems</ulink> nor "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&hpuxbyhewlettpackard;\">HP-UX by Hewlett Packard</ulink> "
#~ "nor <ulink url=\"&aixbyibm;\">AIX by IBM</ulink> nor …)"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Debian 系統不對從 2 到 5 之間的<ulink url="
#~ "\"&runlevels;\">執行級別</ulink>預置任何特殊的含義區別。</emphasis> "
#~ "Debian 系統的管理員可修改此值。（也就是說，Debian 既不是<ulink url="
#~ "\"&redhatlinux;\">紅帽 Linux</ulink>，也不是 <ulink url="
#~ "\"&solarisbysunmicrosystems;\">Sun 公司的 Solaris</ulink>，也不是<ulink "
#~ "url=\"&hpuxbyhewlettpackard;\">惠普的 HP-UX</ulink>，也不是 <ulink url="
#~ "\"&aixbyibm;\">IBM 的 AIX</ulink>，也不是……）"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Debian system does not populate directories for the <ulink url="
#~ "\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink> between 7 and 9 during installation.  "
#~ "Traditional <ulink url=\"&unixvariants;\">Unix variants</ulink> don't use "
#~ "these <ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">runlevels</ulink>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian 系統在安裝過程中不生成<ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">執行級別</ulink>"
#~ "從 7 到 9 所對應的目錄。傳統的 <ulink url=\"&unixvariants;\">Unix 變體</"
#~ "ulink>並不使用這些<ulink url=\"&runlevels;\">執行級別</ulink>。"

#~ msgid "The configuration of the runlevel"
#~ msgstr "執行級別的配置"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telinit</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> commands goes into "
#~ "the runlevel to \"&lt;n&gt;\", the system basically executes the "
#~ "initialization scripts as follows."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "當 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> 或 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telinit</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 將執行級別設定為 "
#~ "“&lt;n&gt;” 時，系統執行初始化指令碼的主要過程如下。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The script names starting with a \"<literal>K</literal>\" in \"<literal>/"
#~ "etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical order with "
#~ "the single argument \"<literal>stop</literal>\". (killing services)"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "“<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>” 目錄下以一個 “<literal>K</"
#~ "literal>” 打頭的指令碼將按字母順序且帶單個 “<literal>stop</literal>” 引數"
#~ "執行。（殺死服務）"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The script names starting with an \"<literal>S</literal>\" in \"<literal>/"
#~ "etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>\" are executed in alphabetical order with "
#~ "the single argument \"<literal>start</literal>\". (starting services)"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "“<literal>/etc/rc&lt;n&gt;.d/</literal>” 目錄下以一個 “<literal>S</"
#~ "literal>” 打頭的指令碼將按字母順序且帶單個 “<literal>start</literal>” 引數"
#~ "執行。（啟動服務）"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "For example, if you had the links \"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" and "
#~ "\"<literal>S20exim4</literal>\" in a runlevel directory, "
#~ "\"<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>\" which is symlinked to \"<literal>../"
#~ "init.d/sysklogd</literal>\" would run before \"<literal>S20exim4</literal>"
#~ "\" which is symlinked to \"<literal>../init.d/exim4</literal>\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "例如，在某個執行級別目錄下有 “<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>” 和 "
#~ "“<literal>S20exim4</literal>” 兩個符號連結檔案，分別指向 “<literal>../"
#~ "init.d/sysklogd</literal>” 和 “<literal>../init.d/exim4</literal>”，那麼 "
#~ "“<literal>S10sysklogd</literal>” 將在 “<literal>S20exim4</literal>” 之前執"
#~ "行。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This simple sequential initialization system is the classical <ulink url="
#~ "\"&systemv;\">System V</ulink> style boot system and was used up to the "
#~ "Debian <literal>lenny</literal> system."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "這種簡單的順序初始化系統屬於經典的 <ulink url=\"&systemv;\">System V</"
#~ "ulink> 風格的啟動系統，在 Debian 系統 <literal>lenny</literal> 及以前的版"
#~ "本中使用。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The recent Debian system is optimized to execute the initialization "
#~ "scripts concurrently, instead."
#~ msgstr "相反，最近版本的 Debian 系統優化成同時執行各個初始化指令碼。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The <citerefentry><refentrytitle>insserv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> command uses the LSB package dependency "
#~ "information and calculates the dependencies between all scripts."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>insserv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令利用 LSB 包依賴資訊計算出所有指令碼的依賴關"
#~ "係。"

#~ msgid "See \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/insserv/README.Debian</literal>\"."
#~ msgstr "參見 “<literal>/usr/share/doc/insserv/README.Debian</literal>”。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The LSB package dependency information defined in the header of init "
#~ "scripts ensures availabilities of required resources."
#~ msgstr "在 init 指令碼頭部定義的 LSB 包依賴資訊保證了所需資源的可用性。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "See <ulink url=\"&linuxstandardbaseminitialization;\">Linux Standard Base "
#~ "Core Specification 3.1, VII. System Initialization</ulink>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "參見 <ulink url=\"&linuxstandardbaseminitialization;\">Linux 標準規範 3.1 "
#~ "版，七、系統初始化</ulink>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&announcementofpaenabledbydefault;\">Announcement of "
#~ "\"Parallel booting enabled by default\"</ulink>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&announcementofpaenabledbydefault;\">“預設使能並行啟動” 的釋"
#~ "出</ulink>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "It is not advisable to make any changes to symlinks in \"<literal>/etc/"
#~ "rcS.d/</literal>\" unless you know better than the maintainer."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "不建議對 ”<literal>/etc/rcS.d/</literal>\" 目錄下的符號連結做任何修改，除"
#~ "非你比維護者更瞭解它們。"

#~ msgid "The runlevel management example"
#~ msgstr "執行級別管理示例"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "For example, let's set up runlevel system somewhat like <ulink url="
#~ "\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> as the following."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "例如，讓我們來建立如下類似 <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</"
#~ "ulink> 的執行級別系統。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<literal>init</literal> starts the system in runlevel=3 as the default."
#~ msgstr "<literal>init</literal> 預設以 runlevel=3 啟動系統。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<literal>init</literal> does not start <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> in "
#~ "runlevel=(0,1,2,6)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>init</literal> 不會在 runlevel=(0,1,2,6) 時啟動 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<literal>init</literal> starts <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> in runlevel=(3,4,5)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>init</literal> 會在 runlevel=(3,4,5) 時啟動 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdm3</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This can be done by using editor on the \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>"
#~ "\" file to change starting runlevel and using user friendly runlevel "
#~ "management tools such as <literal>sysv-rc-conf</literal> or <literal>bum</"
#~ "literal> to edit the runlevel.  If you are to use command line only "
#~ "instead, here is how you do it (after the default installation of the "
#~ "<literal>gdm3</literal> package and selecting it to be the choice of "
#~ "display manager)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "可以通過修改 \"<literal>/etc/inittab</literal>\" 檔案來改變啟動等級並且也"
#~ "可以使用使用者友好的執行級別管理工具例如 <literal>sysv-rc-conf</literal> "
#~ "或者 <literal>bum</literal> 來更改執行級別。如果你只想用命令列方式的話，如"
#~ "下是你應該怎樣去做的步驟（預設安裝 <literal>gdm</literal> 軟體包後，在顯示"
#~ "器管理工具中選中它）。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "# cd /etc/rc2.d ; mv S21gdm3 K21gdm3\n"
#~ "# cd /etc ; perl -i -p -e 's/^id:.:/id:3:/' inittab"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "# cd /etc/rc2.d; mv S21gdm3 K21gdm3\n"
#~ "# cd /etc; perl -i -p -e 's/^id:.:/id:3:/' inittab"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Please note the \"<literal>/etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>\" "
#~ "file is checked when starting the display manager daemons: <literal>xdm</"
#~ "literal>, <literal>gdm3</literal>, <literal>sddm</literal>, and "
#~ "<literal>wdm</literal>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "請注意當啟動顯示器管理程序時：<literal>xdm</literal>,<literal>gdm3</"
#~ "literal>,<literal>sddm</literal> 和 <literal>wdm</literal>，\"<literal>/"
#~ "etc/X11/default-display-manager</literal>\"  檔案會被檢查。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can still start X from any console shell with the "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>startx</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> command."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "你也可以在任何控制檯介面用 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>startx</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> 命令啟動 X。"

#~ msgid "The default parameter for each init script"
#~ msgstr "每個 init 指令碼預設的引數"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The default parameter for each init script in \"<literal>/etc/init.d/</"
#~ "literal>\" is given by the corresponding file in \"<literal>/etc/default/"
#~ "</literal>\" which contains environment variable assignments <emphasis "
#~ "role=\"strong\">only</emphasis>. This choice of directory name is "
#~ "specific to the Debian system.  It is roughly the equivalent of the "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/sysconfig</literal>\" directory found in <ulink url="
#~ "\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> and other distributions.  For "
#~ "example, \"<literal>/etc/default/cron</literal>\" can be used to control "
#~ "how \"<literal>/etc/init.d/cron</literal>\" works."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d</literal>\" 中的每個 init 指令碼的預設引數由 "
#~ "\"<literal>etc/default</literal>\" 中的對應檔案給出，此對應檔案<emphasis "
#~ "role=\"strong\">只</emphasis>包含環境變數分配。這些目錄是 Debian 系統特定"
#~ "的，它們大致相當於 <ulink url=\"&redhatlinux;\">Red Hat Linux</ulink> 和其"
#~ "他發行版中的 \"<literal>/etc/sysconfig</literal>\" 目錄。例如，“<literal>/"
#~ "etc/default/cron</literal>\" 可以控制 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/cron</"
#~ "literal>\" 的執行方式。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The \"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>\" file can be used to customize "
#~ "boot-time defaults for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>motd</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, etc."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>\"檔案可用於定製啟動時預設的 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>motd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, 等."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you cannot get the behavior you want by changing such variables then "
#~ "you may <ulink url=\"&modifytheinitscripts;\">modify the init scripts</"
#~ "ulink> themselves.  These are configuration files editable by system "
#~ "administrators."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "如果通過改變這些變數不能達到你所想要的效果，那麼你應該<ulink url="
#~ "\"&modifytheinitscripts;\">修改 init 指令碼</ulink>。如下是一些系統管理員"
#~ "可以編輯的配置檔案。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The kernel maintains the system <emphasis role=\"strong\">hostname</"
#~ "emphasis>.  The init script in runlevel S which is symlinked to "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" sets the system hostname "
#~ "at boot time (using the <literal>hostname</literal> command) to the name "
#~ "stored in \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\".  This file should contain "
#~ "<emphasis role=\"strong\">only</emphasis> the system hostname, not a "
#~ "fully qualified domain name."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "核心包含了系統<emphasis role=\"strong\">主機名</emphasis>。在啟動的時候，"
#~ "連結到 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/hostname.sh</literal>\" 執行等級為 S 的 "
#~ "init 指令碼設定了系統主機名 (使用 <literal>hostname</literal> 命令)，此主"
#~ "機名儲存在 \"<literal>/etc/hostname</literal>\"。這個檔案應該<emphasis "
#~ "role=\"strong\">只</emphasis>包含系統主機名，而不是全稱域名。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Although the root filesystem is mounted by the kernel when it is started, "
#~ "other filesystems are mounted in the runlevel S by the following init "
#~ "scripts."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "因為根檔案系統在啟動的時候被核心掛載了，其他檔案系統在 S 執行等級通過如下"
#~ "所示的 init 指令碼被掛載。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountkernfs.sh</literal>\" for kernel filesystems "
#~ "in \"<literal>/proc</literal>\", \"<literal>/sys</literal>\", etc."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountkernfs.sh</literal>\" 用於 \"<literal>/proc</"
#~ "literal>\"，\"<literal>/sys</literal>\" 等目錄下的核心檔案系統。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh</literal>\" for virtual "
#~ "filesystems in \"<literal>/dev</literal>\""
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh</literal>\" 用於 \"<literal>/dev</"
#~ "literal>\" 下的虛擬檔案系統"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountall.sh</literal>\" for normal filesystems "
#~ "using \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\""
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountall.sh</literal>\"用於 \"<literal>/etc/fstab</"
#~ "literal>\"中的普通檔案系統"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountnfs.sh</literal>\" for network filesystems "
#~ "using\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\""
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/mountnfs.sh</literal>\" 用於\"<literal>/etc/fstab</"
#~ "literal>\"定義的網路檔案系統"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The mount options of special kernel filesystems (procfs, sysfs, and tmpfs "
#~ "for <literal>/proc</literal>, <literal>/sys</literal>, <literal>/tmp</"
#~ "literal>, <literal>/run</literal>, etc.) are set in \"<literal>/etc/"
#~ "default/rcS</literal>\".  See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rcS</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "特殊核心檔案系統（procfs, sysfs, 和 tmpfs 用於 <literal>/proc</literal>, "
#~ "<literal>/sys</literal>, <literal>/tmp</literal>, <literal>/run</literal> "
#~ "等等）的掛載選項在 \"<literal>/etc/default/rcS</literal>\" 中設定。參考"
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>rcS</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
#~ "citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The mount options of normal disk and network filesystems are set in "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\".  See <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options\"/>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "硬碟和網路檔案系統的掛載選項可以在 \"<literal>/etc/fstab</literal>\" 中設"
#~ "定，參考 <xref linkend=\"_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options\"/"
#~ ">。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The actual mounting of network filesystems waits for the start of the "
#~ "network interface."
#~ msgstr "實際上的網路檔案系統的掛載是在網路介面啟動以後開始的。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Network interfaces are initialized in runlevel S by the init script "
#~ "symlinked to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown-clean</literal>\" and "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown</literal>\".  See <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_network_setup\"/> for how to configure them."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "網路介面在 S 執行級別通過連結到 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown-clean</"
#~ "literal>\" 和 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/ifupdown</literal>\" 的 init 指令碼來"
#~ "初始化。參考<xref linkend=\"_network_setup\"/>來獲得配置它們的資訊。"

#~ msgid "Network service initialization"
#~ msgstr "網路服務初始化"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Many network services (see <xref linkend=\"_network_applications\"/>) are "
#~ "started under multi-user mode directly as daemon processes at boot time "
#~ "by the init script, e.g., \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20exim4</literal>\" (for "
#~ "RUNLEVEL=2) which is a symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/exim4</literal>"
#~ "\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "許多網路服務（參考<xref linkend=\"_network_applications\"/>）在啟動多使用"
#~ "者模式的時候通過 init 指令碼直接作為後臺守護程序啟動，例如 “<literal>/etc/"
#~ "rc2.d/S20exim4</literal>”(執行級別為2）有一個指向 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/"
#~ "exim4</literal>\" 的符號連結。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Some network services can be started on demand using the <ulink url="
#~ "\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> <literal>inetd</literal> (or its "
#~ "equivalents).  The <literal>inetd</literal> is started at boot time by "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" (for RUNLEVEL=2) which is a "
#~ "symlink to \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>\".  Essentially, "
#~ "<literal>inetd</literal> allows one running daemon to invoke several "
#~ "others, reducing load on the system."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "一些網路服務能夠使用 <ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</ulink> "
#~ "<literal>inetd</literal> (或者它的等價物) 啟動。在啟動的時候，"
#~ "<literal>inetd</literal> 通過連結到 \"<literal>/etc/init.d/inetd</literal>"
#~ "\" 的 \"<literal>/etc/rc2.d/S20inetd</literal>\" 啟動 (執行等級為 2)。根本"
#~ "上，<literal>inetd</literal> 允許一個正在執行的守護程序去呼叫其它程序，減"
#~ "輕了系統的負載。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Whenever a request for service arrives at <ulink url=\"&superserver;"
#~ "\">super-server</ulink> <literal>inetd</literal> , its protocol and "
#~ "service are identified by looking them up in the databases in \"<literal>/"
#~ "etc/protocols</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\".  "
#~ "<literal>inetd</literal> then looks up a normal Internet service in the "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\" database, or a <ulink url="
#~ "\"&opennetworkcompucalloncrpcsunrpc;\">Open Network Computing Remote "
#~ "Procedure Call (ONC RPC)/Sun RPC</ulink> based service in \"<literal>/etc/"
#~ "rpc.conf</literal>\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "任何時候一個服務請求到達 <ulink url=\"&superserver;\">super-server</"
#~ "ulink> <literal>inetd</literal> , 通過在\"<literal>/etc/protocols</"
#~ "literal>\"和\"<literal>/etc/services</literal>\"裡面查詢資料庫,該請求的協"
#~ "議和服務就會被辨識出來。<literal>inetd</literal>在\"<literal>/etc/inetd."
#~ "conf</literal>\"資料庫裡查詢一個通用的網際網路服務，或者在\"<literal>/etc/"
#~ "rpc.conf</literal>\"裡面找到一個基於<ulink url="
#~ "\"&opennetworkcompucalloncrpcsunrpc;\">開放網路計算遠端過程呼叫(ONC RPC)/"
#~ "Sun RPC</ulink> 的服務。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Sometimes, <literal>inetd</literal> does not start the intended server "
#~ "directly but starts the <ulink url=\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink> "
#~ "program, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, with the intended server name as its argument "
#~ "in \"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\".  In this case, <literal>tcpd</"
#~ "literal> runs the appropriate server program after logging the request "
#~ "and doing some additional checks using \"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</"
#~ "literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</literal>\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "有些情況下<literal>inetd</literal> 並不直接啟動對應的服務，而是以"
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/inetd.conf</literal>\"中對應服務作為引數啟動<ulink url="
#~ "\"&tcpwrapper;\">TCP wrapper</ulink>程式"
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry> . 在這種情況下, <literal>tcpd</literal>會根據"
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/hosts.deny</literal>\"和\"<literal>/etc/hosts.allow</"
#~ "literal>\"進行額外檢查後，啟動相應的服務程式."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "For system security, disable as much network service programs as "
#~ "possible.  See <xref linkend=\"_restricting_access_to_some_server_services"
#~ "\"/>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "為了系統安全，應該儘可能的關掉網路服務程式。參考<xref linkend="
#~ "\"_restricting_access_to_some_server_services\"/>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd.conf</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>protocols</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>services</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_access</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpcinfo</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>portmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, and \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/"
#~ "portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "參考 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd.conf</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>protocols</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>services</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_access</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>host_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpcinfo</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>portmap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, 和 \"<literal>/usr/share/doc/portmap/"
#~ "portmapper.txt.gz</literal>\"。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The kernel message can be customized by \"<literal>/etc/default/klogd</"
#~ "literal>\" for both the log file and on-screen display.  Set "
#~ "\"<literal>KLOGD='-c 3'</literal>\" in this file and run \"<literal>/etc/"
#~ "init.d/klogd restart</literal>\".  See "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>klogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/default/klogd</literal>\" 能夠自定義核心訊息的日誌檔案和螢"
#~ "幕顯示。在檔案中設定 \"<literal>KLOGD='-c 3'</literal>\" 然後執行 "
#~ "\"<literal>/etc/init.d/klogd restart</literal>\"。參見 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>klogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid "You may directly change the error message level by the following."
#~ msgstr "你也可以直接按如下所示的更改錯誤訊息級別。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "On the system set up with PAM and NSS as the Debian <ulink url=\"&alioth;"
#~ "\">alioth</ulink> machine, the content of local \"<literal>/etc/passwd</"
#~ "literal>\", \"<literal>/etc/group</literal>\" and \"<literal>/etc/shadow</"
#~ "literal>\" may not be actively used by the system.  Above commands are "
#~ "valid even under such environment."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "在設定了 PAM 和 NSS 的系統上（例如 Debian <ulink url=\"&alioth;\">alioth</"
#~ "ulink> 機器），本地的 “<literal>/etc/passwd</literal>”、“<literal>/etc/"
#~ "group</literal>” 和 “<literal>/etc/shadow</literal>” 可能不會被系統啟用使"
#~ "用。上述的命令即使處於這種環境下依舊是有效的。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Under <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink>, <ulink url=\"&logind;"
#~ "\">logind</ulink> may be used to manage user logins.  See "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "使用 <ulink url=\"&systemd;\">systemd</ulink> 的系統中，可以使用 <ulink "
#~ "url=\"&logind;\">logind</ulink> 來管理使用者的登陸。參見 "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid "runlevel configuration for <ulink url=\"&daemon;\">daemon</ulink>"
#~ msgstr "<ulink url=\"&daemon;\">後臺守護程序（daemon）</ulink>執行級別配置"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "See <xref linkend=\"_the_runlevel_management_example\"/>, <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_the_default_parameter_for_each_init_script\"/>, <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_configuration_files_accessed_by_pam_and_nss\"/>, <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_network_service_initialization\"/>, and <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "參見 <xref linkend=\"_the_runlevel_management_example\"/>, <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_the_default_parameter_for_each_init_script\"/>, <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_configuration_files_accessed_by_pam_and_nss\"/>, <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_network_service_initialization\"/> 和 <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_netfilter_infrastructure\"/>."

#, fuzzy
#~| msgid ""
#~| "<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink> <ulink url="
#~| "\"&mozillafirefox;\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink>"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink><ulink url=\"&mozillafirefox;"
#~ "\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink> (replaced by firefox since Debian 9)"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">無商標的</ulink> <ulink url=\"&mozillafirefox;"
#~ "\">Mozilla Firefox</ulink>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The mail system involves many server programs and many client programs "
#~ "running on multiple hosts.  From the functionarity, there are 3 types of "
#~ "mail agent programs:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "郵件系統涉及到執行在多個主機上的許多伺服器程式和客戶端程式。從功能來說，有"
#~ "3種類型的郵件代理程式："

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&antispamtechniques;\">Anti-spam techniques</ulink> such as "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmaildkim;\">DomainKeys Identified Mail "
#~ "(DKIM)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"&sender_policy_frameworkspf;"
#~ "\">Sender_Policy_Framework (SPF)</ulink> are widely used for the <ulink "
#~ "url=\"&emailfiltering;\">email filtering</ulink>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "像<ulink url=\"&domainkeysidentifiedmaildkim;\">域名金鑰識別郵件 (DKIM)</"
#~ "ulink> 和<ulink url=\"&sender_policy_frameworkspf;\">發信者策略架構 "
#~ "(SPF)</ulink> 這樣的<ulink url=\"&antispamtechniques;\">反垃圾郵件技術</"
#~ "ulink>廣泛用於<ulink url=\"&emailfiltering;\">電子郵件過濾</ulink>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "It is not realistic to run SMTP server on consumer grade network to send "
#~ "mail directly to the remote host reliably.  They are very likely to be "
#~ "rejected.  You must use some smarthost services offered by your "
#~ "connection ISP or independent mail ISPs."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "在消費者級的網路上執行 SMTP 伺服器來直接傳送郵件到遠端可信賴主機是不現實"
#~ "的，它們很有可能被拒絕。你必須使用連入 ISP 或者獨立郵件 ISP 提供的 "
#~ "smarthost 服務。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you use the same user name on the local and the remote host, you can "
#~ "eliminate typing \"<literal>username@</literal>\".  Even if you use "
#~ "different user name on the local and the remote host, you can eliminate "
#~ "it using \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>\".  For <ulink url="
#~ "\"&debianaliothservice;\">Debian Alioth service</ulink> with account name "
#~ "\"<literal>foo-guest</literal>\", you set \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</"
#~ "literal>\" to contain the following."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "如果本地和遠端主機，使用同樣的使用者名稱，你可以省略輸入 "
#~ "\"<literal>username@</literal>\". 即使在本地和遠端主機使用不同的使用者名"
#~ "稱，你可以使用 \"<literal>~/.ssh/config</literal>\" 來省略輸入使用者名稱."
#~ "對於 <ulink url=\"&debianaliothservice;\">Debian Alioth 伺服器</ulink>，使"
#~ "用賬戶名 \"<literal>foo-guest</literal>\",你可以設定 \"<literal>~/.ssh/"
#~ "config</literal>\" 包含下面的內容。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Host alioth.debian.org svn.debian.org git.debian.org\n"
#~ "    User foo-guest"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Host alioth.debian.org svn.debian.org git.debian.org\n"
#~ "    User foo-guest"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "One of the <ulink url=\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X display manager</ulink> "
#~ "daemon programs <literal>*dm</literal> started from the end of the start "
#~ "up script in \"<literal>/etc/rc?.d/</literal>\" (\"<literal>?</literal>\" "
#~ "corresponding to the runlevel) directory"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "從 “<literal>/etc/rc?.d/</literal>”（“<literal>?</literal>” 對應執行級別）"
#~ "目錄中的啟動指令碼末尾使用 <ulink url=\"&xdisplaymanager;\">X 顯示管理器</"
#~ "ulink> 後臺守護程序（daemon）程式 <literal>*.dm</literal> 啟動"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The kernel log daemon: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>klogd</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "核心日誌後臺守護程序（daemon）: <citerefentry><refentrytitle>klogd</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Its is an interactive full screen program.  You can get its usage help "
#~ "press by pressing the \"h\"-key and terminate it by pressing the \"q\"-"
#~ "key."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "它是一個互動式的全屏程式。你可以通過按\"h\"鍵來得到它的使用幫助，按\"q\"鍵"
#~ "來終止該程式。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This is a deprecated method.  Use <xref linkend="
#~ "\"_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_by_bind_mounting_another_directory\"/"
#~ "> instead, if possible."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "這是一個已啟用的方法。如果可能的話，使用<xref linkend="
#~ "\"_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_by_bind_mounting_another_directory\"/"
#~ "> 替代它。"

#~ msgid "Some software may not function well with \"symlink to a directory\"."
#~ msgstr "一些軟體可能會由於“連結到目錄”而無法正常執行。"

#~ msgid "Expansion of usable storage space using overlayfs"
#~ msgstr "使用 overlayfs 擴充套件可用儲存空間"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you have usable space in another partition (e.g., \"<literal>/path/to/"
#~ "empty</literal>\" and \"<literal>/path/to/work</literal>\"), you can "
#~ "create a directory in it and stack that on to an old directory (e.g., "
#~ "\"<literal>/path/to/old</literal>\") where you need space with <ulink url="
#~ "\"&overlayfs;\">OverlayFS</ulink> with Linux kernel 3.18 or newer (Debian "
#~ "Stetch 9.0 or newer)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "如果你在另一個分割槽表中有可用的空間（例如，“<literal>/path/to/empty</"
#~ "literal>” 和 “<literal>/path/to/work</literal>”），你可以在其中建立一個目"
#~ "錄並堆疊到你需要空間的那個舊的目錄（例如，“<literal>/path/to/old</"
#~ "literal>”），要這樣做，你需要 Linux 核心 3.18 或更新（Debian Stetch 9.0 或"
#~ "更新）的 <ulink url=\"&overlayfs;\">OverlayFS</ulink>。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Debian Linux Kernel Handbook: <ulink url="
#~ "\"&httpkernelhandbokaliothdebianorg;\">http://kernel-handbook.alioth."
#~ "debian.org</ulink>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Debian Linux Kernel Handbook: <ulink url="
#~ "\"&httpkernelhandbokaliothdebianorg;\">http://kernel-handbook.alioth."
#~ "debian.org</ulink>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Debian provides free VCS services via <ulink url=\"&debianaliothservice;"
#~ "\">Debian Alioth service</ulink>.  It supports practically all VCSs. Its "
#~ "documentation can be found at <ulink url=\"&httpwikidebianorgalioth;"
#~ "\">http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth</ulink> ."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "通過 <ulink url=\"&debianaliothservice;\">Debian Alioth service</ulink>，"
#~ "Debian 能夠提供免費的幾乎所有的 VCS 服務。在 <ulink url="
#~ "\"&httpwikidebianorgalioth;\">http://wiki.debian.org/Alioth</ulink> 能找到"
#~ "它的說明文件。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Many public CVS servers provide read-only remote access to them with "
#~ "account name \"<literal>anonymous</literal>\" via pserver service.  For "
#~ "example, Debian web site contents are maintained by <ulink url="
#~ "\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> via CVS at Debian alioth "
#~ "service.  The following sets up \"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the "
#~ "remote access to this CVS repository."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "許多公共 CVS 伺服器可以通過 pserver 服務用 \"<literal>anonymous</literal>"
#~ "\" 賬戶遠端只讀訪問。例如，Debian 網站的內容是 <ulink url="
#~ "\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> 通過 Debian alioth 服務中的 "
#~ "CVS 來維護。如下將建立用於遠端訪問 CVS 儲存庫的 \"<literal>$CVSROOT</"
#~ "literal>\"。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The following sets up \"<literal>$CVS_RSH</literal>\" and \"<literal>"
#~ "$CVSROOT</literal>\" for the remote access to the CVS repository by "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> with SSH."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "如下所示將建立 <ulink url=\"&webwmlproject;\">webwml project</ulink> 使用 "
#~ "SSH 遠端訪問 CVS 儲存庫所需的 \"<literal>$CVS_RSH</literal>\" 和 "
#~ "\"<literal>$CVSROOT</literal>\"。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Subversion is a <emphasis role=\"strong\">recent-generation</emphasis> "
#~ "version control system replacing older CVS.  It has most of CVS's "
#~ "features except tags and branches."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Subversion 是替代舊的 CVS 的<emphasis role=\"strong\">近代</emphasis>版本"
#~ "控制系統。除了標籤和分支以外，它也擁有 CVS 的絕大多數特性。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "You need to install <literal>subversion</literal>, <literal>libapache2-"
#~ "svn</literal> and <literal>subversion-tools</literal> packages to set up "
#~ "a Subversion server."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "你需要安裝 <literal>subversion</literal>，<literal>libapache2-svn</"
#~ "literal> 和 <literal>subversion-tools</literal> 軟體包來搭建 Subversion 伺"
#~ "服器。"

#~ msgid "GNOME front-end to the Valgrind memory checker"
#~ msgstr "Valgrind 記憶體檢查工具的 GNOME 前端"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "I hope this \"Debian Reference (version 2)\" provides a good starting "
#~ "direction for people in the Debian maze."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "我希望這個“Debian 參考手冊（第二版）”爲在 Debian 迷宮裏面的人，提供一個好"
#~ "的開始指引。"

#~ msgid "obsoleted by this new \"Debian Reference (version 2)\""
#~ msgstr "由這個新的 \"Debian 參考手冊 (第二版)\" 取代"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Contents of \"Debian Reference (version 2)\" are mostly my own work "
#~ "except as mentioned above.  These has been updated by the contributors "
#~ "too."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "除了上面提到的，“Debian 參考手冊（第二版）”的大部分內容是我自己的工作。這"
#~ "些也被貢獻者更新。"

#~ msgid "Zugschlus' interface scripts for ifupdown's manual method"
#~ msgstr "Zugschlus寫的腳本，用於ifupdown手動管理"

#~ msgid "$ man -Tps some_manpage | mpage -2 | lpr"
#~ msgstr "$ man -Tps some_manpage | mpage -2 | lpr"

#~ msgid "The second example prints 2 pages on one sheet."
#~ msgstr "第二個例子在一張紙上列印2頁。"

#~ msgid "text,ps→ps"
#~ msgstr "text,ps→ps"

#~ msgid "print multiple pages per sheet"
#~ msgstr "一張紙上列印多頁"

#~ msgid "diagram editor (GNOME)"
#~ msgstr "圖表編輯器（GNOME）"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Even simply reading a file on the Debian system normally causes a file "
#~ "write operation to update <emphasis role=\"strong\">atime</emphasis> "
#~ "information in the <emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>.  Mounting "
#~ "a filesystem with \"<literal>noatime</literal>\" or \"<literal>relatime</"
#~ "literal>\" option makes the system skip this operation and results in "
#~ "faster file access for the read. This is often recommended for laptops, "
#~ "because it reduces hard drive activity and saves power. See "
#~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
#~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "哪怕只是簡單地讀取 Debian 系統上的一個檔案，通常都會引起一個檔案寫操作去更"
#~ "新<emphasis role=\"strong\">inode</emphasis>裡面的<emphasis role=\"strong"
#~ "\">atime</emphasis>資訊。帶“<literal>noatime</literal>”或"
#~ "者“<literal>relatime</literal>”選項掛載一個檔案系統會使系統跳過這步操作，"
#~ "在讀操作時會帶來更快的檔案訪問速度。通常在筆記本上會建議這樣做，因為這樣將"
#~ "節省硬碟活動時間，節約電源。參見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</"
#~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>。"

#~ msgid "http://bugs.debian.org/505565"
#~ msgstr "http://bugs.debian.org/505565"

#~ msgid "<literal>iceape-browser</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>iceape-browser</literal>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">unbranded</ulink><ulink url=\"&mozilla;"
#~ "\">Mozilla</ulink>, removed due to security concerns <ulink url="
#~ "\"&bugfaffgf;\">bug#505565</ulink>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&unbranded;\">無商標的</ulink><ulink url=\"&mozilla;"
#~ "\">Mozilla</ulink>，處於安全考慮，移除了 <ulink url=\"&bugfaffgf;"
#~ "\">bug#505565</ulink>"

#~ msgid "<literal>aptitude search '<subscript>i!</subscript>M'</literal>"
#~ msgstr "<literal>aptitude search '<subscript>i!</subscript>M'</literal>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Package: equivs\n"
#~ "Priority: extra\n"
#~ "Section: admin\n"
#~ "Description: Circumventing Debian package dependencies\n"
#~ " This is a dummy package which can be used to create Debian\n"
#~ " packages, which only contain dependency information."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Package: equivs\n"
#~ "Priority: extra\n"
#~ "Section: admin\n"
#~ "Description: Circumventing Debian package dependencies\n"
#~ " This is a dummy package which can be used to create Debian\n"
#~ " packages, which only contain dependency information."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Here, the main part of the greeting message can be customized by editing "
#~ "the \"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>\" file. The first line is "
#~ "generated from the system information using \"<literal>uname -snrvm</"
#~ "literal>\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "在這裏，歡迎消息的主要部分能通過編輯 \"<literal>/etc/motd.tail</literal>"
#~ "\" 文件來自定義。第一行是使用 \"<literal>uname -snrvm</literal>\" 輸出的系"
#~ "統信息來生成的。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "For Perl replacement string, \"<literal>$n</literal>\" is used instead of "
#~ "\"<literal>\\n</literal>\" and \"<literal>&amp;</literal>\" has no "
#~ "special meaning."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "對 Perl 的替換字符串， “<literal>$n</literal>” 代替了 “<literal>\\n</"
#~ "literal>” ，而 “<literal>&amp;</literal>” 則沒有特殊含義。"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagios"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagios"

#~ msgid "http://www.openslp.org/"
#~ msgstr "http://www.openslp.org/"

#~ msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_Location_Protocol"
#~ msgstr "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_Location_Protocol"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "monitoring and management system for hosts, services and networks (<ulink "
#~ "url=\"&nagios;\">Nagios</ulink>)"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "主機、服務、網絡監控及管理系統（<ulink url=\"&nagios;\">Nagios</ulink>）"

#~ msgid "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual"
#~ msgstr "http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual"

#~ msgid "http://ftp.de.debian.org/dmc/"
#~ msgstr "http://ftp.de.debian.org/dmc/"

#~ msgid "http://www.debian.org/mirror/list"
#~ msgstr "http://www.debian.org/mirror/list"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "write a \"<literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal>\" file based on "
#~ "bandwidth tests"
#~ msgstr "基於頻寬測試來寫 <literal>/etc/apt/sources.list</literal> 檔案"

#~ msgid "<ulink url=\"&slp;\">SLP</ulink>"
#~ msgstr "<ulink url=\"&slp;\">SLP</ulink>"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&openslp;\">OpenSLP</ulink> Server as <ulink url=\"&ldap;"
#~ "\">LDAP</ulink> server"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<ulink url=\"&openslp;\">OpenSLP</ulink> 服務，提供 <ulink url=\"&ldap;"
#~ "\">LDAP</ulink> 服務"

#~ msgid "ALSA driver configuration files"
#~ msgstr "ALSA 驅動程式配置檔案"

#~ msgid "simple backup suite for GNOME desktop"
#~ msgstr "用於 GNOME 桌面的簡單備份套件"

#~ msgid "ISO/IEC 10179:1996 standard DSSSL processor (1.3.x series)"
#~ msgstr "ISO/IEC 10179:1996 標準的 DSSSL 處理器 (1.3.x 系列)"

#~ msgid "James Clark's original DSSSL processor (1.2.x series)"
#~ msgstr "James Clark 的原始的 DSSSL 處理器 (1.2.x 系列)"

#~ msgid "tex↔html"
#~ msgstr "tex↔html"

#~ msgid "converter between (La)TeX and HTML"
#~ msgstr "(La)TeX 和 HTML 的雙向轉換器"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Please note \"<literal>deb.debian.org</literal>\" must be replaced with "
#~ "appropriate mirror site URL for your location, for USA \"<literal>deb."
#~ "debian.org</literal>\", which can be found in <ulink url="
#~ "\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">the list of Debian worldwide "
#~ "mirror sites</ulink>.  The status of these servers can be checked at "
#~ "<ulink url=\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debian Mirror Checker site</"
#~ "ulink>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "請注意， “<literal>deb.debian.org</literal>” 必須使用適合你位置的映象站 "
#~ "URL 替代。對於 USA，使用 “<literal>deb.debian.org</literal>” ，這些 URL 可"
#~ "以在<ulink url=\"&thelistofdebianwdwidemirrorsites;\">Debian 全球映象站</"
#~ "ulink>中找到。這些伺服器的狀態可以在 <ulink url="
#~ "\"&debianmirrorcheckersite;\">Debian 映象檢查站</ulink>中檢視。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The GUI program based session management software may use the "
#~ "\"<literal>~/.gnome2/session</literal>\" file etc."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "基於會話管理軟體的 GUI 程式可能會使用 “<literal>~/.gnome2/session</"
#~ "literal>” 等檔案。"