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// vim:set filetype=asciidoc:
[[nomakefile]]
=== No Makefile (shell, CLI)
Here is an example of creating a simple Debian package from a POSIX shell CLI program without its build system.
Let's assume this upstream tarball to be *debhello-0.2.tar.gz*.
This type of source has no automated means and files must be installed manually.
For example:
----
$ tar -xzmf debhello-0.2.tar.gz
$ cd debhello-0.2
$ sudo cp scripts/hello /bin/hello
...
----
Let's get this source as tar file from a remote site and make it the Debian package.
.Download *debhello-0.2.tar.gz*
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step000.slog[]
----
Here, the POSIX shell script *hello* is a very simple one.
.*hello* (v=0.2)
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step101.slog[]
----
Here, *hello.desktop* supports the "`https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/desktop-entry-spec/[Desktop Entry Specification]`".
.*hello.desktop* (v=0.2)
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step102.slog[]
----
Here, *hello.png* is the icon graphics file.
Let's package this with the *debmake* command. Here, the **-b':sh'** option is used to specify that the generated binary package is a shell script.
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step200.slog[lines=1..3]
...
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step200.slog-sanity[]
...
----
Let's inspect notable template files generated.
.The source tree after the basic *debmake* execution. (v=0.2)
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step201.slog[]
----
.*debian/rules* (template file, v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step202.slog[]
----
This is essentially the standard *debian/rules* file with the *dh* command. Since this is the script package, this template *debian/rules* file has no build flag related contents.
.*debian/control* (template file, v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step203.slog[]
----
Since this is the shell script package, the *debmake* command sets "`*Architecture: all*`" and "`*Multi-Arch: foreign*`". Also, it sets required *substvar* parameters as "`*Depends: ${misc:Depends}*`". These are explained in "`<<basics>>`".
Since this upstream source lacks the upstream *Makefile*, that functionality needs to be provided by the maintainer. This upstream source contains only a script file and data files and no C source files; the *build* process can be skipped but the *install* process needs to be implemented. For this case, this is achieved cleanly by adding the *debian/install* and *debian/manpages* files without complicating the *debian/rules* file.
Let's make this Debian package better as the maintainer.
.*debian/rules* (maintainer version, v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step301.slog[]
----
.*debian/control* (maintainer version, v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step302.slog[]
----
WARNING: If you leave "`*Section: unknown*`" in the template *debian/control* file unchanged, the *lintian* error may cause a build failure.
.*debian/install* (maintainer version, v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step304.slog[]
----
.*debian/manpages* (maintainer version, v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step305.slog[]
----
There are several other template files under the *debian/* directory. These also need to be updated.
.Template files under *debian/*. (v=0.2):
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step400.slog[]
----
You can create a non-native Debian package using the *debuild* command (or its equivalents) in this source tree. The command output is very verbose and explains what it does as follows.
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step500.slog[lines=1..13]
...
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step500.slog-binary[]
...
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step500.slog-tail[]
----
Let's inspect the result.
.The generated files of *debhello* version *0.2* by the *debuild* command:
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step600.slog[]
----
You see all the generated files.
* The *debhello_0.2.orig.tar.gz* file is a symlink to the upstream tarball.
* The *debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz* file contains the maintainer generated contents.
* The *debhello_0.2-1.dsc* file is the meta data file for the Debian source package.
* The *debhello_0.2-1_all.deb* file is the Debian binary package.
* The *debhello_0.2-1_amd64.build* file is the build log file.
* The *debhello_0.2-1_amd64.buildinfo* file is the meta data file generated by *dpkg-genbuildinfo*(1).
* The *debhello_0.2-1_amd64.changes* file is the meta data file for the Debian binary package.
The *debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz* file contains the Debian changes to the upstream source as follows.
.The compressed archive contents of *debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz*:
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step701.slog[]
----
The *debhello_0.2-1_amd64.deb* file contains the files to be installed as follows.
.The binary package contents of *debhello_0.2-1_all.deb*:
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step700.slog[]
----
Here is the generated dependency list of *debhello_0.2-1_all.deb*.
.The generated dependency list of *debhello_0.2-1_all.deb*:
----
include::../examples/debhello-0.2_build-1/step702.slog[]
----
(No extra dependency packages required since this is a POSIX shell program.)
NOTE: If you wish to replace upstream provided PNG file *data/hello.png* with maintainer provided one *debian/hello.png*, editing *debian/install* isn't enough. When you add *debian/hello.png*, you need to add a line "`include-binaries`" to *debian/source/options* since PNG is a binary file. See *dpkg-source*(1).
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