File: union.out

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ij> --
--   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
--   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
--   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
--   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
--   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
--   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
--
--      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
--
--   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
--   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
--   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
--   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
--   limitations under the License.
--
--
-- this test shows union functionality
--

-- create the tables
create table t1 (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real, c10 char(10),
				c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table t2 (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real, c10 char(10),
				c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table dups (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real, c10 char(10),
				c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- populate the tables
insert into t1 values (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t1 values (1, 1, 1e1, 1e1, '11111', '11111     11', '11111',
	'11111      11');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t1 values (2, 2, 2e1, 2e1, '22222', '22222     22', '22222',
	'22222      22');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (3, 3, 3e1, 3e1, '33333', '33333     33', '33333',
	'33333      33');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (4, 4, 4e1, 4e1, '44444', '44444     44', '44444',
	'44444      44');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into dups select * from t1 union all select * from t2;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- simple cases
values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (5, 6, 7, 8);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (1, 2, 3, 4);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union distinct values (5, 6, 7, 8);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union distinct values (1, 2, 3, 4);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (5, 6, 7, 8) union values (9, 10, 11, 12);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
9          |10         |11         |12         
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (1, 2, 3, 4);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
ij> select * from t1 union select * from t2;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> select * from t1 union select * from t1;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> select * from t1 union select * from t2 union select * from dups;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> select * from t1 union select i, s, d, r, c10, c30, vc10, vc30 from t2;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> select * from t1 union select i, s, d, r, c10, c30, vc10, vc30 from t2
		union select * from dups;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> -- derived tables
select * from (values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (5, 6, 7, 8)) a;
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> select * from (values (1, 2, 3, 4) union values (5, 6, 7, 8) union
			   values (1, 2, 3, 4)) a;
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> -- mix unions and union alls
select i from t1 union select i from t2 union all select i from dups;
I          
-----------
1          
2          
3          
4          
NULL       
NULL       
1          
2          
NULL       
3          
4          
ij> (select i from t1 union select i from t2) union all select i from dups;
I          
-----------
1          
2          
3          
4          
NULL       
NULL       
1          
2          
NULL       
3          
4          
ij> select i from t1 union (select i from t2 union all select i from dups);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
3          
4          
NULL       
ij> select i from t1 union all select i from t2 union select i from dups;
I          
-----------
1          
2          
3          
4          
NULL       
ij> (select i from t1 union all select i from t2) union select i from dups;
I          
-----------
1          
2          
3          
4          
NULL       
ij> select i from t1 union all (select i from t2 union select i from dups);
I          
-----------
NULL       
1          
2          
1          
2          
3          
4          
NULL       
ij> -- joins
select a.i, b.i from t1 a, t2 b union select b.i, a.i from t1 a, t2 b;
I          |I          
-----------------------
1          |3          
1          |4          
1          |NULL       
2          |3          
2          |4          
2          |NULL       
3          |1          
3          |2          
3          |NULL       
4          |1          
4          |2          
4          |NULL       
NULL       |1          
NULL       |2          
NULL       |3          
NULL       |4          
NULL       |NULL       
ij> values (9, 10) union 
	select a.i, b.i from t1 a, t2 b union select b.i, a.i from t1 a, t2 b;
1          |2          
-----------------------
1          |3          
1          |4          
1          |NULL       
2          |3          
2          |4          
2          |NULL       
3          |1          
3          |2          
3          |NULL       
4          |1          
4          |2          
4          |NULL       
9          |10         
NULL       |1          
NULL       |2          
NULL       |3          
NULL       |4          
NULL       |NULL       
ij> select a.i, b.i from t1 a, t2 b union 
	select b.i, a.i from t1 a, t2 b union values (9, 10);
1          |2          
-----------------------
1          |3          
1          |4          
1          |NULL       
2          |3          
2          |4          
2          |NULL       
3          |1          
3          |2          
3          |NULL       
4          |1          
4          |2          
4          |NULL       
9          |10         
NULL       |1          
NULL       |2          
NULL       |3          
NULL       |4          
NULL       |NULL       
ij> -- non-correlated subqueries

-- positive tests
select i from t1 where i = (values 1 union values 1);
I          
-----------
1          
ij> select i from t1 where i = (values 1 union values 1 union values 1);
I          
-----------
1          
ij> -- expression subquery
select i from t1 where i = (select 1 from t2 union values 1);
I          
-----------
1          
ij> -- in subquery
select i from t1 where i in (select i from t2 union values 1 union values 2);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where i in 
		(select a from (select i from t2 union values 1 union values 2) a (a));
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> -- not in subquery
select i from t1 where i not in (select i from t2 union values 1 union values 2);
I          
-----------
ij> select i from t1 where i not in (select i from t2 where i is not null union 
								 values 1 union values 22);
I          
-----------
2          
ij> select i from t1 where i not in 
		(select a from (select i from t2 where i is not null union 
						values 111 union values 2) a (a));
I          
-----------
1          
ij> -- correlated union subquery
select i from t1 a where i in (select i from t2 where 1 = 0 union 
							   select a.i from t2 where a.i < i);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 a where i in (select a.i from t2 where a.i < i union 
							   select i from t2 where 1 < 0);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> -- exists subquery
select i from t1 where exists (select * from t2 union select * from t2);
I          
-----------
NULL       
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select 1 from t2 union select 2 from t2);
I          
-----------
NULL       
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select 1 from t2 where 1 = 0 union 
							   select 2 from t2 where t1.i < i);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select i from t2 where t1.i < i union 
							    select i from t2 where 1 = 0 union 
							   select i from t2 where t1.i < i union 
							    select i from t2 where 1 = 0);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> -- These next two should fail because left/right children do not have
-- the same number of result columns.
select i from t1 where exists (select 1 from t2 where 1 = 0 union 
							   select * from t2 where t1.i < i);
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select i from t2 where t1.i < i union 
							    select * from t2 where 1 = 0 union 
							   select * from t2 where t1.i < i union 
							    select i from t2 where 1 = 0);
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> -- order by tests
select i from t1 union select i from dups order by i desc;
I          
-----------
NULL       
4          
3          
2          
1          
ij> select i, s from t1 union select s as i, 1 as s from dups order by s desc, i;
I          |S          
-----------------------
NULL       |NULL       
2          |2          
1          |1          
2          |1          
3          |1          
4          |1          
NULL       |1          
ij> -- insert tests
create table insert_test (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real,
	c10 char(10), c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- simple tests
insert into insert_test select * from t1 union select * from dups;
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> delete from insert_test;
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into insert_test (s, i) values (2, 1) union values (4, 3);
2 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |2     |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
3          |4     |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> delete from insert_test;
2 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- test type dominance/length/nullability
insert into insert_test (vc30) select vc10 from t1 union select c30 from t2;
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |11111                         
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |22222                         
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |33333     33                  
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |44444     44                  
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> delete from insert_test;
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into insert_test (c30)
	select vc10 from t1
	union
	select c30 from t2
	union
	select c10 from t1;
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |11111                         |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |22222                         |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |33333     33                  |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |44444     44                  |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> delete from insert_test;
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- test NormalizeResultSet generation
select i, d from t1 union select d, i from t2;
1                       |2                       
-------------------------------------------------
1.0                     |10.0                    
2.0                     |20.0                    
30.0                    |3.0                     
40.0                    |4.0                     
NULL                    |NULL                    
ij> select vc10, c30 from t1 union select c30, vc10 from t2;
1                             |2                             
-------------------------------------------------------------
11111                         |11111     11                  
22222                         |22222     22                  
33333     33                  |33333                         
44444     44                  |44444                         
NULL                          |NULL                          
ij> create table insert_test2 (s smallint not null, vc30 varchar(30) not null);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- the following should fail due to null constraint
insert into insert_test2 select s, c10 from t1 union select s, c30 from t2;
ERROR 23502: Column 'S'  cannot accept a NULL value.
ij> select * from insert_test2;
S     |VC30                          
-------------------------------------
ij> -- negative tests
-- ? in select list of union
select ? from insert_test union select vc30 from insert_test;
ERROR 42X34: There is a ? parameter in the select list.  This is not allowed.
ij> select vc30 from insert_test union select ? from insert_test;
ERROR 42X34: There is a ? parameter in the select list.  This is not allowed.
ij> -- DB2 requires matching target and result column for insert
insert into insert_test values (1, 2) union values (3, 4);
ERROR 42802: The number of values assigned is not the same as the number of specified or implied columns.
ij> -- try some unions of different types.  
-- types should be ok if comparable.
values (1) union values (1.1);
1             
--------------
1.0           
1.1           
ij> values (1) union values (1.1e1);
1                       
------------------------
1.0                     
11.0                    
ij> values (1.1) union values (1);
1             
--------------
1.0           
1.1           
ij> values (1.1e1) union values (1);
1                       
------------------------
1.0                     
11.0                    
ij> -- negative cases
values (x'aa') union values (1);
ERROR 42X61: Types 'CHAR () FOR BIT DATA' and 'INTEGER' are not UNION compatible.
ij> -- drop the tables
drop table t1;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table t2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table dups;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table insert_test;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table insert_test2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> --
-- this test shows the current supported union all functionality
--
-- RESOLVE - whats not tested
--	type compatability
--  nullability of result
--  type dominance
--  correlated subqueries
--  table constructors

-- create the tables
create table t1 (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real, c10 char(10),
				 c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table t2 (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real, c10 char(10),
				 c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- populate the tables
insert into t1 values (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t1 values (1, 1, 1e1, 1e1, '11111', '11111     11', '11111',
	'11111      11');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t1 values (2, 2, 2e1, 2e1, '22222', '22222     22', '22222',
	'22222      22');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (3, 3, 3e1, 3e1, '33333', '33333     33', '33333',
	'33333      33');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (4, 4, 4e1, 4e1, '44444', '44444     44', '44444',
	'44444      44');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- negative tests

-- non matching number of columns
select * from t1 union all select * from t1, t2;
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> select * from t1 union all values (1, 2, 3, 4);
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union all select * from t1;
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> -- simple cases
values (1, 2, 3, 4) union all values (5, 6, 7, 8);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> values (1, 2, 3, 4) union all values (5, 6, 7, 8) union all values (9, 10, 11, 12);
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
9          |10         |11         |12         
ij> select * from t1 union all select * from t2;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
ij> select * from t1 union all select i, s, d, r, c10, c30, vc10, vc30 from t2;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
ij> -- derived tables
select * from (values (1, 2, 3, 4) union all values (5, 6, 7, 8)) a;
1          |2          |3          |4          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> select * from (values (1, 2, 3, 4) union all values (5, 6, 7, 8)) a (a, b, c, d);
A          |B          |C          |D          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |3          |4          
5          |6          |7          |8          
ij> select b, d from (values (1, 2, 3, 4) union all values (5, 6, 7, 8)) a (a, b, c, d);
B          |D          
-----------------------
2          |4          
6          |8          
ij> select * from (select i, s, c10, vc10 from t1 union all select i, s, c10, vc10 from t2) a;
I          |S     |C10       |VC10      
----------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL      |NULL      
1          |1     |11111     |11111     
2          |2     |22222     |22222     
NULL       |NULL  |NULL      |NULL      
3          |3     |33333     |33333     
4          |4     |44444     |44444     
ij> select * from (select i, s, c10, vc10 from t1 union all 
			   select i, s, c10, vc10 from t2) a (j, k, l, m), 
			   (select i, s, c10, vc10 from t1 union all 
			   select i, s, c10, vc10 from t2) b (j, k, l, m)
where a.j = b.j;
J          |K     |L         |M         |J          |K     |L         |M         
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |1     |11111     |11111     |1          |1     |11111     |11111     
2          |2     |22222     |22222     |2          |2     |22222     |22222     
3          |3     |33333     |33333     |3          |3     |33333     |33333     
4          |4     |44444     |44444     |4          |4     |44444     |44444     
ij> -- joins
select a.i, b.i from t1 a, t2 b union all select b.i, a.i from t1 a, t2 b;
I          |I          
-----------------------
NULL       |NULL       
NULL       |3          
NULL       |4          
1          |NULL       
1          |3          
1          |4          
2          |NULL       
2          |3          
2          |4          
NULL       |NULL       
3          |NULL       
4          |NULL       
NULL       |1          
3          |1          
4          |1          
NULL       |2          
3          |2          
4          |2          
ij> values (9, 10) union all 
	select a.i, b.i from t1 a, t2 b union all select b.i, a.i from t1 a, t2 b;
1          |2          
-----------------------
9          |10         
NULL       |NULL       
NULL       |3          
NULL       |4          
1          |NULL       
1          |3          
1          |4          
2          |NULL       
2          |3          
2          |4          
NULL       |NULL       
3          |NULL       
4          |NULL       
NULL       |1          
3          |1          
4          |1          
NULL       |2          
3          |2          
4          |2          
ij> select a.i, b.i from t1 a, t2 b union all 
	select b.i, a.i from t1 a, t2 b union all values (9, 10);
1          |2          
-----------------------
NULL       |NULL       
NULL       |3          
NULL       |4          
1          |NULL       
1          |3          
1          |4          
2          |NULL       
2          |3          
2          |4          
NULL       |NULL       
3          |NULL       
4          |NULL       
NULL       |1          
3          |1          
4          |1          
NULL       |2          
3          |2          
4          |2          
9          |10         
ij> -- incompatible types
select date('9999-11-11') from t1 union all select time('11:11:11') from t2;
ERROR 42X61: Types 'DATE' and 'TIME' are not UNION compatible.
ij> -- non-correlated subqueries

-- negative tests

-- select * in subquery
select i from t1 where i = (select * from t2 union all select 1 from t1);
ERROR 42X38: 'SELECT *' only allowed in EXISTS and NOT EXISTS subqueries.
ij> select i from t1 where i = (select 1 from t2 union all select * from t1);
ERROR 42X38: 'SELECT *' only allowed in EXISTS and NOT EXISTS subqueries.
ij> -- too many columns
select i from t1 where i = (values (1, 2, 3) union all values (1, 2, 3));
ERROR 42X39: Subquery is only allowed to return a single column.
ij> select i from t1 where i = (select i, s from t2 union all select i, s from t1);
ERROR 42X39: Subquery is only allowed to return a single column.
ij> -- cardinality violation
select i from t1 where i = (values 1 union all values 1);
ERROR 21000: Scalar subquery is only allowed to return a single row.
ij> -- both sides of union have same type, which is incompatible with LHS
select i from t1 where i in (select date('1999-02-04') from t2 union all select date('1999-03-08') from t2);
ERROR 42818: Comparisons between 'INTEGER' and 'DATE' are not supported. Types must be comparable. String types must also have matching collation. If collation does not match, a possible solution is to cast operands to force them to the default collation (e.g. SELECT tablename FROM sys.systables WHERE CAST(tablename AS VARCHAR(128)) = 'T1')
ij> -- positive tests

-- expression subquery
select i from t1 where i = (select i from t2 where 1 = 0 union all values 1);
I          
-----------
1          
ij> -- in subquery
select i from t1 where i in (select i from t2 union all values 1 union all values 2);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where i in 
		(select a from (select i from t2 union all values 1 union all values 2) a (a));
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> -- not in subquery
select i from t1 where i not in (select i from t2 union all values 1 union all values 2);
I          
-----------
ij> select i from t1 where i not in (select i from t2 where i is not null union all 
								 values 1 union all values 22);
I          
-----------
2          
ij> select i from t1 where i not in 
		(select a from (select i from t2 where i is not null union all 
						values 111 union all values 2) a (a));
I          
-----------
1          
ij> -- correlated union subquery
select i from t1 a where i in (select i from t2 where 1 = 0 union all
							   select a.i from t2 where a.i < i);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 a where i in (select a.i from t2 where a.i < i union all
							   select i from t2 where 1 < 0);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> -- exists subquery
select i from t1 where exists (select * from t2 union all select * from t2);
I          
-----------
NULL       
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select 1 from t2 union all select 2 from t2);
I          
-----------
NULL       
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select 1 from t2 where 1 = 0 union all
							   select 2 from t2 where t1.i < i);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select i from t2 where t1.i < i union all
							    select i from t2 where 1 = 0 union all
							   select i from t2 where t1.i < i union all
							    select i from t2 where 1 = 0);
I          
-----------
1          
2          
ij> -- These next two should fail because left/right children do not have
-- the same number of result columns.
select i from t1 where exists (select 1 from t2 where 1 = 0 union all
							   select * from t2 where t1.i < i);
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> select i from t1 where exists (select i from t2 where t1.i < i union all
							    select * from t2 where 1 = 0 union all
							   select * from t2 where t1.i < i union all
							    select i from t2 where 1 = 0);
ERROR 42X58: The number of columns on the left and right sides of the UNION must be the same.
ij> -- insert tests
create table insert_test (i int, s smallint, d double precision, r real, c10 char(10),
				 c30 char(30), vc10 varchar(10), vc30 varchar(30));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- simple tests
insert into insert_test select * from t1 union all select * from t2;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111     11                  |11111     |11111      11                 
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222     22                  |22222     |22222      22                 
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333     33                  |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444     44                  |44444     |44444      44                 
ij> delete from insert_test;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into insert_test (s, i) values (2, 1) union all values (4, 3);
2 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          |2     |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
3          |4     |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> delete from insert_test;
2 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- type conversions between union all and target table
insert into insert_test select s, i, r, d, vc10, vc30, c10, c30 from t1 union all
						select s, i, r, d, vc10, vc30, c10, vc30 from t2;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
1          |1     |10.0                    |10.0           |11111     |11111      11                 |11111     |11111     11                  
2          |2     |20.0                    |20.0           |22222     |22222      22                 |22222     |22222     22                  
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
3          |3     |30.0                    |30.0           |33333     |33333      33                 |33333     |33333      33                 
4          |4     |40.0                    |40.0           |44444     |44444      44                 |44444     |44444      44                 
ij> delete from insert_test;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- test type dominance/length/nullability
select vc10 from t1 union all select c30 from t2;
1                             
------------------------------
NULL                          
11111                         
22222                         
NULL                          
33333     33                  
44444     44                  
ij> insert into insert_test (vc30) select vc10 from t1 union all select c30 from t2;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |11111                         
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |22222                         
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |33333     33                  
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |44444     44                  
ij> delete from insert_test;
6 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into insert_test (c30)
	select vc10 from t1
	union all
	select c30 from t2
	union all
	select c10 from t1;
9 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from insert_test;
I          |S     |D                       |R              |C10       |C30                           |VC10      |VC30                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |11111                         |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |22222                         |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |33333     33                  |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |44444     44                  |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |NULL                          |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |11111                         |NULL      |NULL                          
NULL       |NULL  |NULL                    |NULL           |NULL      |22222                         |NULL      |NULL                          
ij> delete from insert_test;
9 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- test NormalizeResultSet generation
select i, d from t1 union all select d, i from t2;
1                       |2                       
-------------------------------------------------
NULL                    |NULL                    
1.0                     |10.0                    
2.0                     |20.0                    
NULL                    |NULL                    
30.0                    |3.0                     
40.0                    |4.0                     
ij> select vc10, c30 from t1 union all select c30,  vc10 from t2;
1                             |2                             
-------------------------------------------------------------
NULL                          |NULL                          
11111                         |11111     11                  
22222                         |22222     22                  
NULL                          |NULL                          
33333     33                  |33333                         
44444     44                  |44444                         
ij> create table insert_test2 (s smallint not null, vc30 varchar(30) not null);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- the following should fail due to null constraint
insert into insert_test2 select s, c10 from t1 union all select s, c30 from t2;
ERROR 23502: Column 'S'  cannot accept a NULL value.
ij> select * from insert_test2;
S     |VC30                          
-------------------------------------
ij> -- negative tests
-- ? in select list of union
select ? from insert_test union all select vc30 from insert_test;
ERROR 42X34: There is a ? parameter in the select list.  This is not allowed.
ij> select vc30 from insert_test union all select ? from insert_test;
ERROR 42X34: There is a ? parameter in the select list.  This is not allowed.
ij> -- DB2 requires matching target and result columns
insert into insert_test values (1, 2) union all values (3, 4);
ERROR 42802: The number of values assigned is not the same as the number of specified or implied columns.
ij> -- Beetle 4454 - test multiple union alls in a subquery
select vc10 from (select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1) t;
VC10      
----------
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
ij> -- force union all on right side
select vc10 from (select vc10 from t1 union all (select vc10 from t1 union all
select vc10 from t1)) t;
VC10      
----------
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
NULL      
11111     
22222     
ij> -- drop the tables
drop table t1;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table t2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table insert_test;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table insert_test2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- DERBY-1967
-- NULLIF with UNION throws SQLSTATE 23502.

create table a (f1 varchar(10));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table b (f2 varchar(10));
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into b values('test');
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- this used to throw 23502
select nullif('x','x') as f0, f1 from a
   union all
   select nullif('x','x') as f0, nullif('x','x') as f1 from b;
F0  |F1        
---------------
NULL|NULL      
ij> drop table a;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table b;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table a (f1 int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table b (f2 int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into b values(1);
1 row inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- ok
select nullif('x','x') as f0, f1 from a
   union all
   select nullif('x','x') as f0, nullif(1,1) as f1 from b;
F0  |F1         
----------------
NULL|NULL       
ij> drop table a;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table b;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- DERBY-681. Check union with group by/having
create table o (name varchar(20), ord int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table a (ord int, amount int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create view v1 (vx, vy) 
as select name, sum(ord) from o where ord > 0 group by name, ord
    having ord <= ANY (select ord from a);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select vx, vy from v1
     union select vx, sum(vy) from v1 group by vx, vy having (vy / 2) > 15;
VX                  |2          
--------------------------------
ij> drop view v1;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table o;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table a;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- DERBY-1852: Incorrect results when a UNION U1 (with no "ALL") appears
-- in the FROM list of a SELECT query, AND there are duplicate rows
-- across the left and/or right result sets of U1, AND U1 is the left or
-- right child of another set operator.

create table t1 (i int, j int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> create table t2 (i int, j int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t1 values (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10);
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (1, 2), (2, -4), (3, 6), (4, -8), (5, 10);
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into t2 values (3, 6), (4, 8), (3, -6), (4, -8);
4 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- U1 is left child of another UNION; top-level query.
select * from t1 union select * from t2 union select * from t1;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
2          |4          
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> -- U1 is left child of another UNION; subquery in FROM list.
select * from
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2 union select * from t1) x;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
2          |4          
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> -- Same kind of thing, but in the form of a view (which is a
-- more likely use-ccase).
create view uv as
  select * from t1 union select * from t2 union select * from t1;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from uv;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
2          |4          
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> drop view uv;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- U1 is left child of a UNION ALL; top-level query.
select * from t1 union select * from t2 union all select * from t1;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
2          |4          
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
1          |2          
2          |4          
3          |6          
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> -- U1 is left child of a UNION ALL; subquery in FROM list.
select * from
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2 union all select * from t1) x;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
2          |4          
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
1          |2          
2          |4          
3          |6          
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an EXCEPT; top-level query.
select * from t1 union select * from t2 except select * from t1;
I          |J          
-----------------------
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
4          |-8         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an EXCEPT; subquery in FROM list.
select * from
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2 except select * from t1) x;
I          |J          
-----------------------
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
4          |-8         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an EXCEPT ALL; top-level query.
select * from t1 union select * from t2 except all select * from t1;
I          |J          
-----------------------
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
4          |-8         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an EXCEPT ALL; subquery in FROM list.
select * from
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2 except all select * from t1) x;
I          |J          
-----------------------
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
4          |-8         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an INTERSECT; top-level query.
-- Note: intersect has higher precedence than union so we have to use
-- quotes to force the UNION to be a child of the intersect.
(select * from t1 union select * from t2) intersect select * from t2;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an INTERSECT; subquery in FROM list.
create view iv as
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2) intersect select * from t2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from iv;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> drop view iv;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- U1 is left child of an INTERSECT ALL; top-level query.
(select * from t1 union select * from t2) intersect all select * from t2;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> -- U1 is left child of an INTERSECT ALL; subquery in FROM list.
create view iv as
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2) intersect all select * from t2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from iv;
I          |J          
-----------------------
1          |2          
2          |-4         
3          |-6         
3          |6          
4          |-8         
4          |8          
5          |10         
ij> drop view iv;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- Just as a sanity check, make sure things work if U1 is a child of
-- an explicit JoinNode (since JoinNode is an instanceof TableOperatorNode
-- and TableOperatorNode is where the bug for DERBY-1852 was fixed).
select * from
  (select * from t1 union select * from t2) x2 left join t2 on x2.i = t2.i;
I          |J          |I          |J          
-----------------------------------------------
1          |2          |1          |2          
2          |-4         |2          |-4         
2          |4          |2          |-4         
3          |-6         |3          |6          
3          |-6         |3          |6          
3          |-6         |3          |-6         
3          |6          |3          |6          
3          |6          |3          |6          
3          |6          |3          |-6         
4          |-8         |4          |-8         
4          |-8         |4          |8          
4          |-8         |4          |-8         
4          |8          |4          |-8         
4          |8          |4          |8          
4          |8          |4          |-8         
5          |10         |5          |10         
ij> -- cleanup.
drop table t1;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> drop table t2;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- Regression test for DERBY-4391. These UNION queries used to throw a
-- NullPointerException during compilation. Now all of them should compile
-- successfully, but some of them fail during execution if their subqueries
-- return more than one row.
create table d4391(a int not null primary key, b int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into d4391 values (0, 4), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (4, 0);
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from d4391 where a < (values 2 union values 2);
A          |B          
-----------------------
0          |4          
1          |3          
ij> select * from d4391 where a < (select 4 from d4391 union select b from d4391);
ERROR 21000: Scalar subquery is only allowed to return a single row.
ij> select * from d4391 where a < (select a+b from d4391 union select 4 from d4391);
A          |B          
-----------------------
0          |4          
1          |3          
2          |2          
3          |1          
ij> select * from d4391 where a < (select a+b from d4391 union select a from d4391);
ERROR 21000: Scalar subquery is only allowed to return a single row.
ij> select * from d4391 where a < (select sum(a) from d4391 union select sum(b) from d4391);
A          |B          
-----------------------
0          |4          
1          |3          
2          |2          
3          |1          
4          |0          
ij> drop table d4391;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> -- Regression test for DERBY-4411. The predicate 1=0 used to be lost when the
-- SELECT statement was compiled, and the statement would fail with a message
-- saying that a scalar sub-query should return exactly one row.
create table d4411(a int primary key, b int);
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> insert into d4411 values (0, 4), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (4, 0);
5 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> select * from d4411 where a < (values 2 union select b from d4411 where 1=0);
A          |B          
-----------------------
0          |4          
1          |3          
ij> drop table d4411;
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij>