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<p
 style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto; page-break-after: auto;"><font
 face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Dkopp user
guide</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<a href="#introduction"><font face="FreeSans">introduction</font></a><br>
<a href="#concepts"><font face="FreeSans">concepts</font></a><br>
<a href="#first_tryout"><font face="FreeSans">first
tryout</font></a>&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">(1-page primer)</font><br>
<a href="#file_menu"><font face="FreeSans">file
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#backup_menu"><font face="FreeSans">backup
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#verify_menu"><font face="FreeSans">verify
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#report_menu"><font face="FreeSans">report
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#restore_menu"><font face="FreeSans">restore
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#DVD_menu"><font face="FreeSans">DVD/BD
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#help_menu"><font face="FreeSans">help
menu</font></a><br>
<a href="#toolbar_buttons"><font face="FreeSans">toolbar
buttons</font></a><br>
<a href="#editing_backup_jobs"><font face="FreeSans">editing
backup jobs</font></a><br>
<a href="#script_files"><font face="FreeSans">script
files</font></a><br>
<a href="#large_backup_jobs"><font face="FreeSans">large
backup jobs</font></a><br>
<a href="#technical_notes"><font face="FreeSans">technical
notes</font></a><br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="introduction"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Dkopp
Introduction</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Dkopp is a
Linux utility program for copying disk files to recordable DVD or
Blue-ray disk (BD). Dkopp is a free open source program licensed
under the GNU General Public License v.3.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Three
kinds of backup are available: full, incremental, and accumulate. A
full backup copies all specified files and leaves no other files on
the DVD/BD. An incremental backup copies only new or modified files
to a prior dkopp DVD/BD, bringing it up to date. This is normally
much faster than a full backup. Unmatched files on the DVD/BD are
also deleted, so that the DVD/BD is left exacty matching the disk. An
accumulate backup is like an incremental backup, but unmatched files
are not deleted. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">You select
files to be copied using a GUI. You can navigate through the file
system and select files or directories to include or exclude at any
level in the hierarchy. These choices can be saved in a job file to
automate recurring backups. If files are added or deleted within an
included or excluded directory, the next dkopp run will include these
changes automatically. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">DVD/BDs
can be verified three ways: full, incremental, and thorough. A full
verify reads the entire DVD/BD and reports any files having read
errors. An incremental verify reads only those files that have been
newly written by a preceding incremental backup. This is usually much
faster while still offering a high level of security. A thorough
verify reads every file on the DVD/BD and makes a bytewise comparison
with the corresponding disk files. This provides an additional
assurance that hardware and software are working correctly. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">You
can report all files in a backup job, or all files on a DVD/BD. You
can search for specific files using wildcards. You can compare a
DVD/BD with the corresponding backup job, listing all differences:
files that have been created, deleted, or modified since the DVD/BD
copy was made. This comparison can be done at three levels: a
detailed list of files, a directory level summary, or a job level
summary. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">For disaster recovery
or file transfer, dkopp has a file restore capability. You can select
and restore DVD/BD files to their original directories or anywhere
else.</font><br>
<br>
An <font face="FreeSans">incremental backup
updates a DVD/BD made with a prior full backup. This simplifies both
backup and restore: you do not need to track full and incremental
backup media, and you do not need to restore files from multiple
media in correct sequence. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Searchable
log files are generated with time/date, DVD/BD label, and files
copied. You can search the log to find all DVD/BDs with copies of a
desired file, using wildcards to simplify the search (e.g. find&nbsp;
</font><font face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2">*/joeblow/*/planB*</font></font>
<font face="FreeSans">).</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">A script
file can be used to automate backups or run dkopp from a shell
script. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Incremental backup and
verify can take less than a minute if the updated files are within 30
megabytes or so. For larger jobs, the DVD/BD speed determines the
time required. With 4x DVD media, backup + verify runs about 150
megabytes per minute.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Dkopp is a
graphical front end for the command-line programs growisofs and
genisoimage.</font><br>
</p>
<p
 style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto; page-break-after: auto;"><br>
</p>
<p
 style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto; page-break-after: auto;"><a
 name="concepts"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Dkopp
Concepts</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The files in a
backup job are specified with include and exclude statements. These
have filespecs with optional wildcards placed almost anywhere.
Examples:</font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp;&nbsp;
include
/home/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
add user files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; include
/root/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
add root files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; include /shared/*/documents/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
# add shared document files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; exclude
*/mp3/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
exclude files in mp3 directories<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; exclude
*/.Trash/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
exclude trash files<br>
</big></font></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
first include adds all files owned by users in their home directories
and sub-directories. The second include adds all files owned by root.
The third include adds all files under the /shared&nbsp; top
directory that also have an intermediate directory named /documents.
The two exclude statements exclude files within&nbsp; /.Trash&nbsp;
and&nbsp; /mp3&nbsp; directories at any level. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">GUI
interface: The above statements are normally generated using a
standard Gnome file selection dialog. The process is documented in
the section on editing backup jobs.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">file
selection logic:</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">loop:</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;<font face="FreeSans">get next control statement, if EOF
quit</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<font face="FreeSans">if
include: add all matching files to backup file set</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;<font face="FreeSans">if exclude: remove all matching files
from backup file set</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">loop-end</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Note
that excludes are effective only against prior includes. They have no
effect on following includes, which are processed afterwards. See the
section on editing backup jobs.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Restriction:
include statements must include at least the first directory name
(top-level) without wildcards (the GUI file-chooser does this
automatically).</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">limitations:</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<font face="FreeSans">+ max. 200,000 files in a backup job (compile
time constant)</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">+
must run as root user to copy protected files (or mount DVD/BDs on
some systems)</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">+
supports DVD/BD media only (not CD media) </font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<font face="FreeSans">+ not useful for disk imaging (operating system
backup)</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">After installing dkopp,
please perform the first tryout exercise (next page). This may be all
you need at first (if you are like most people and RTFM is a drag).
You can enhance your security and ultimately save time if you read
this whole document.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>License
and Warranty</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Dkopp is a
free program licensed under the GNU General Public License, Version 3
(from the Free Software Foundation). Dkopp is not warranted for any
purpose whatsoever, but if you find a bug, I will try to fix
it.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Origin and
Contact</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Dkopp originates
from the author's web site at: <br>
</font><a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/dkopp"><font
 face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/dkopp</font></font></a><font
 face="FreeSans"><font size="2">
&nbsp;</font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Other web sites may
offer it for download. Modifications could have been made. </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">If
you have questions, suggestions or a bug to
report:<br>
</font><a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact"><font
 face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact</font></font><br>
</a></p>
<p
 style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto; page-break-after: auto;"><br>
</p>
<p
 style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto; page-break-after: auto;"><a
 name="first_tryout"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Dkopp
first tryout</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The following
short exercise will check that dkopp functions correctly on your
system and help you become familiar with dkopp usage.</font></p>
<ol>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Load a
recordable DVD/BD and wait for the desktop icon to show up. <br>
    </font></p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Start dkopp .
Use the desktop menu (Accessories &gt; dkopp) or a terminal command: $
dkopp. If root privileges are needed, use the button on the dkopp
toolbar to get root privileges by entering your own password (assuming
sudo works on your system). Otherwise become root before starting dkopp.</font></p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Select button:
[ edit job ] </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Set the DVD/BD
device ID (choose from list of available devices if more than one)</font></p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Select full
backup and full verify </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Erase the
default backup job shown (select and delete, or use the&nbsp; [ clear
]&nbsp; button) </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Select the
button&nbsp; [ file chooser ]&nbsp; at the bottom </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Navigate
through the directories and select some files/directories to be copied<br>
+ double-click a directory to open it and enable selection within that
directory<br>
+ select one or more files/directories, using left-mouse (or
shift+left-mouse)<br>
+ use the&nbsp; [ include ]&nbsp; button to include all selected items
in the backup job<br>
+ use the&nbsp; [ exclude ]&nbsp; button to exclude items previously
included at a higher level<br>
+ use the&nbsp; [ include ]&nbsp; button to include items previously
excluded at a higher level<br>
+ use the buttons at the top to go back up the directory hierarchy<br>
+ use the&nbsp; [ hidden ]&nbsp; button to toggle the display of hidden
files </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><font face="FreeSans">Select
the&nbsp; [ done ]&nbsp; button when finished selecting files </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">Inspect the
generated include and exclude statements. These may be edited directly
if desired (e.g. erase mistakes or redundancies, change the order, or
make additions or revisions). Re-enter the file chooser dialog if
wanted - new choices will be appended. Cycle between the editor and
file chooser as much as needed </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">Select
button&nbsp; [ OK ]&nbsp; when done editing the job </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">If errors
are shown, select&nbsp; [ edit job ]&nbsp; and fix. Remember that
exclude statements must follow relevant include statements - excludes
are exceptions to prior includes, and includes may be exceptions to
prior excludes.</font></p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">Select menu:
Report &gt; get backup files. Inspect the counts. Be sure the total
byte count is within the DVD/BD capacity. Look for zero counts,
indicating possible errors. Re-edit the job if needed. </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">Select
button: [ run job ]. The backup should begin. Verification should
follow automatically. Check that the error count is zero. </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">Save the job
file if desired: menu: File &gt; save job </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <font face="FreeSans">Select
button: [ quit ] &nbsp; </font> </p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p> <font face="FreeSans">Next steps: play with incremental
backups and reports </font> </p>
  </li>
</ol>
<br>
<br>
<a name="file_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>File Menu</b></font></font><font
 face="FreeSans"><b><br>
<br>
open
job</b></font><br>
<p><font face="FreeSans">Open a previously saved
backup job file for re-use (edit, run). </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
default location for job files is /home/user/.dkopp (or
/root/.dkopp).</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>open
DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Open the backup job file
on the currently loaded DVD/BD. </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">This
file was saved on the DVD/BD when the last backup job was run on that
DVD/BD. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>edit job</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Opens
an edit dialog for the current backup job (from the last job file
opened, or from a prior edit). </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">If no
file has been opened, internal default data will be used as a
starting point.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>show job</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">List
the current backup job data and diagnose any errors.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>save
job</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Save the current backup
specifications in a job file. </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Default
is the same file that was last opened, but you may select any file.
</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>run job</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
current backup job is executed. Backup and verify modes are taken
from the job. <br>
</font><font face="FreeSans"> <span style="color: red;">Be sure to
read the <a href="#technical_notes">technical notes</a> about DVD
mounting errors and growisofs errors. </span></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>run DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
backup job file stored on the DVD/BD is executed. Backup and verify
modes are taken from the DVD/BD job. Whenever a backup is performed,
the current job file (including any edits that were made) is copied
to the DVD/BD.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Note: what is
copied to the DVD/BD is the current job, not menu commands given
manually. Thus, if you load a job file which specifies incremental
backup, and then do a full backup using the menu command, the backup
job stored on the DVD/BD will still specify incremental. To change
the job written to the DVD/BD, edit the job before starting the
backup.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>quit</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Exit
program. </font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="backup_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Backup
Menu</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>full</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
current backup file set is copied to the DVD/BD fully. All files are
copied unconditionally. The DVD/BD is initialized to an empty status.
For large jobs, additional DVD/BDs will be requested as needed. If
growisofs aborts the job (declaring the DVD/BD to be "unknown
type" or "not formatted"), the menu command&nbsp;
DVD/BD &gt; format&nbsp; may fix the problem. <span style="color: red;">Be
sure to read the <a href="#technical_notes">technical notes</a> about
DVD mounting errors and growisofs errors.</span> </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Incremental</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
current backup file set is copied to DVD/BD incrementally. New and
modified files (since the DVD/BD was created or updated) are copied.
Files that already match their corresponding disk files are not
copied. Any "extra" DVD/BD files (not in the backup file
set) are deleted. At the end, the DVD/BD is 100% identical to the
backup file set, with the possible exception of files modified during
the backup run. See the technical notes for more details about how
matching files are recognized and skipped over.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>accumulate</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Same
as incremental, but without DVD/BD file deletions.</font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="verify_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Verify
menu</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>full</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">All
files on the DVD/BD are read and checked for errors. DVD/BDs need
this extra level of protection, since poor media quality has been a
problem. If errors are detected, clean off the fingerprints or
discard the DVD/BD. If errors happen on more than 1% of your media,
consider getting a new drive or changing media brands. Note that any
CD or DVD or BD can be "full" verified - it does not have
to be a dkopp backup disk.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>incremental</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">New
files on the DVD/BD are read and checked for errors. "New"
means any files written by an immediately prior incremental or
accumulate backup. Files not touched are not checked.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>thorough</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">All
DVD/BD files are read and verified that there are no read errors.
Those DVD/BD files that have a matching disk file (matching full path
name and modification date/time) are bytewise compared to the disk
file, and any files not matching are reported. There should be no
differences. This verifies that all hardware and software (driver,
file system, dkopp) are working correctly. DVD/BD files that are
expected to be different (different mod times) are read and checked
for errors, but not compared with the disk. Modification times have
nanosecond resolution. Dkopp considers two files to have the same mod
times if they differ be less than one millisecond. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
following counts are reported at the end of the verify job:</font><br>
<font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 style="font-size: 9pt;" size="2"><span
 style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+
total DVD/BD files and bytes<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + DVD/BD
files having read errors (should be zero)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ DVD/BD files having matching disk files (by name)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ DVD/BD files having matching disk files (by name and mod time)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+ for the last category, the number of DVD/BD:disk compare errors
(should be zero)<br>
</span></font></font></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a style="font-family: monospace;" name="report_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Report
menu</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>get backup
files</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The backup job include and
exclude statements are listed, along with the file and byte counts
that are added or removed by each statement. Look for zero counts,
indicating a possible error. The disk directories are read and the
list of files included in the backup job is saved in memory. This
data is used to determine what files are different between the disk
and DVD/BD and must be copied for an incremental backup. The file
list is static and is not updated by disk activity. The list of "new"
files that are checked with an incremental verify is also reset with
this command.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>diffs
summary</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Report the total number
of files in each category:</font><br>
<big style="font-family: monospace;"><font size="2"><big>&nbsp;&nbsp;
new&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
on disk, but not on the DVD/BD<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; modified&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; on both, but not the same content<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
deleted&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; on the DVD/BD, but not
on disk<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; unchanged&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; on
both, with the same content</big></font></big><font
 face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><br>
</font></font><font face="FreeSans">Differences
between the disk and DVD/BD may be caused by disk updates (file
additions, deletions, updates, or moves), or by changes to the job
file itself.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>diffs by
directory</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Each directory having
differences between the disk and DVD/BD is reported, along with
counts of new, modified, and deleted files. The total bytes for new
and modified files is also given.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>diffs
by file</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">All files that are
different between the disk and DVD/BD are listed in alphabetic
sequence within groups for new, modified, and deleted files.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>list
backup files</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">All files in the
backup file set are listed in alphabetic sequence. Use this to check
that the correct files are being backed-up.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>list
DVD/BD files</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">All files on the
DVD/BD are listed in alphabetic sequence.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>find
files</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Enter a search pattern with
optional wildcards (e.g. </font><font face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font
 size="2">/home/dir*name/file*name</font></font><font face="FreeSans">).&nbsp;
All
matching file names on the disk (in the backup job file set) are
listed. All matching file names on the DVD/BD are listed. All backup
log files are also searched, and those containing the target file(s)
are listed (by date / time and DVD/BD label). These files correspond
to backup jobs, one-to-one. Use this method to locate all backup
copies of a given file or group of files, sorted from oldest to
newest. A file may be present in multiple log files for multiple
incremental backups made to the same baseline full backup, but it
actually exists only once on the DVD/BD, in its latest version.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>view
backup hist</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">All backup history
log files are listed (up to 200). These correspond to backup jobs,
one-to-one, and contain a list of files copied to the corresponding
DVD/BD. The most recent 20 log files are put into a dialog for
selection. Select one of these from the dropdown list, or modify the
input to select an older file. The text editor gedit is invoked to
display the log file. You can page up and down and search for strings
using gedit. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Backup log file
names are formatted as follows:&nbsp;
dkopp-hist-yyyymmdd-hhmm-label</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Note
that one DVD/BD having a full backup and one or more incremental
backups will have a log file for each backup, showing those files
copied for each backup. A file may be present in multiple log files
for multiple incremental backups made to the same baseline full
backup, but it actually exists only once on the DVD/BD, in its latest
version.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>save screen</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
main window, where messages and reports are written, is saved in an
ordinary text file.</font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="restore_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Restore
menu </b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>setup DVD/BD
restore</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Specify the copy-from
location (on the DVD/BD), the copy-to location (on disk), and the
files to be restored. The copy-from location is the topmost DVD/BD
directory of a tree of files to be restored.</font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp; example:&nbsp;
/home/joeblow/documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; # note that mount point is
omitted</big></font></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The copy-to location
is an existing disk directory where the tree of files will be
copied-to.</font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp; example
1:&nbsp; /home/joeblow/documents<br>
&nbsp; example 2:&nbsp;
/home/joeblow/documents/restored</big></font></font></big><font size="2"><br>
</font><font face="FreeSans">In
example 1, the restored files will go back to the same place they
were when backed-up. In example 2, they will go to a new
place.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Files to be restored are
specified the same way as in a backup job (see the section below on
using the file selection dialog). Use the button&nbsp; [ file chooser
]&nbsp; to start the dialog.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">If
you need to restore multiple trees of files, you can do this in
multiple runs, or you can simply begin the tree at a higher level and
use the file selection dialog to specify multiple sub-trees.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>list
restore files</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">After performing
the setup, use this function to list all matching files on the DVD/BD
that will be restored, exactly where they will be restored. You
should check this list carefully to be sure you are restoring the
correct files to the intended locations.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>restore
files</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">When you are satisfied with
the restore job specification, use this menu to perform the restore.
You will see a running log of the activity. Use the kill button to
stop the job if desired.</font></p>
<p><font face="FreeSans"><br>
</font></p>
<p><a name="DVD_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>DVD/BD
menu</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>set DVD/BD
device</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The DVD/BD device and
mount point may be set independently of the backup job. The DVD/BD
device and mount point for the current backup job is modified. No
mounting is done.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>set DVD/BD
label</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Set the DVD/BD label that
will be used for a subsequent backup job. The default is to keep the
same label that the DVD/BD already has. The DVD/BD mount command will
show this label. If no label is assigned, "dkopp" is
used.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>mount DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Mount
a DVD/BD. Root privileges may be required. If the mounted DVD/BD has
been used for dkopp before, the date-time of the last backup to this
DVD/BD is displayed. </font><font face="FreeSans"> <span
 style="color: red;">Be sure to read the <a href="#technical_notes">technical
notes</a> about DVD mounting errors.</span></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>eject
DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The DVD/BD is unmounted
and ejected.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>reset DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">This
does a hardware reset to the DVD/BD drive. This is sometimes useful
if a drive gets locked-up and cannot be ejected using either the
dkopp eject command or the tray button. This sometimes happens when
there is a DVD/BD error or a backup is killed in mid-process. This
may or may not work. If the DVD/BD drive remains hung after several
minutes, the only resort is a reboot.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>erase
DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Writes zeros to the entire
DVD/BD surface. This takes 10+ minutes, depending on the DVD/BD drive
speed and medium. This works only for rewritable media (DVD+RW or
DVD-RW or BD-RE). DVD-R and BD-R media are write-once and cannot be
erased. See the technical notes below for more about privacy and data
protection.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>format DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">This
uses the dvd+rw-format utility to format a disk in a few minutes. The
entire DVD/BD is not erased. See the technical notes below for more
about privacy and data protection. If Backup &gt; full refuses to
start, this format command may fix the problem.</font></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>
<a name="help_menu"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Help
menu</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>contents</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Display
the help file (this file).</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>about</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Display
the dkopp program version and date.</font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="toolbar_buttons"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Toolbar
buttons</b></font></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>root<br>
</b></font><font face="FreeSans">This
button restarts dkopp with root privileges if the password (sudo) is
correct.</font><font face="FreeSans"><b><br>
<br>
edit job</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Shortcut
to the backup job editor (same as menu File &gt; edit job)</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>run
job&nbsp; and&nbsp; run DVD/BD</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
current job, or the job on the DVD/BD, is executed. </font><font
 face="FreeSans"> <br>
<span style="color: red;">Be sure to read the <a
 href="#technical_notes">technical notes</a> about DVD mounting errors
and growisofs errors. </span></font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>pause&nbsp;
and&nbsp; resume</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The currently
running job or menu function may be paused and resumed. </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Use
this to inspect output on the fly.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>kill
job</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The currently running
function is killed. You may need to wait a while for the function to
die and screen output to cease. If a backup job is killed, growisofs
will gracefully exit in a few seconds, leaving the DVD/BD in an
undetermined status.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>clear</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
main window, where messages and reports are written, is
cleared.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>quit</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Exit
the application. If the job file has been edited and not saved, you
will be given an opportunity to save the changes.</font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="editing_backup_jobs"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Editing
backup jobs </b></font></font><font face="FreeSans">(see screenshot
below)</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Select menu: File &gt;
edit job&nbsp; or button: edit job</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><br>
Fill-in
the following items in the dialog box:</font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp; DVD/BD device&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /dev/sr0<br>
&nbsp; capacity GB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
4.0 <br>
&nbsp; write speed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp; (x
1.38 MB/sec)<br>
&nbsp; backup mode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
check full / incremental / accumulate<br>
&nbsp; verify mode&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
check full / incremental / thorough<br>
&nbsp; file date from&nbsp;&nbsp;
leave default (1970.01.01) or input a later date</big></font></font></big><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" size="2"><br>
</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Select
the DVD/BD device from the drop-down list of available devices. The
DVD/BD capacity may be set from 1.0 to 50 GB (for double layer
Blue-ray media). Full backups will be limited to this amount. The
default of 4.0 GB leaves a leftover space of about 0.7 GB for
incremental updates. See the technical notes for more details about
this. Write speed is the speed factor to use for writing the DVD/BD
medium. This is the "2x" or "4x" rating shown on
the DVD/BD. Leave this blank or zero to use the default speed. You
may select a lower speed than the default if needed to increase
reliability (i.e. if the verify function reports errors). I have
never needed this, but others have reported that some media and drive
combinations are not reliable at the rated speed. If "file date
from" is an additional method for selecting files to copy. Files
with a create or modification date older than this will be
ignored.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>File selection
dialog</b></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">You may edit the backup
file set (the include and exclude statements) directly in the text
window. You may also use the browse button to get a standard file
selection dialog, with additional buttons: hidden, include, exclude.
The hidden button toggles the display of hidden files (file names
with leading dots, like .gnome). Select one or more directories or
files, using left-mouse or shift+left-mouse, then press the include
or exclude button. The selected files/directories will be written
into the text window as include or exclude statements. If you select
a directory, the entry is modified to add a wildcard at the next
level: </font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">selecting
directory&nbsp; /aaa/bbb/ccc&nbsp;&nbsp; →&nbsp;&nbsp; include
/aaa/bbb/ccc/*</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">You may alternate
between editing the text window and using the file-chooser dialog.
When you are done, press OK to accept. The include/exclude data will
be validated to the extent possible. Go back and re-edit to fix any
problems. To change the sequence, cut and paste in the text window.
When you are done, use the report functions "get backup files"
and "list backup files" to&nbsp; verify that you have the
correct files!</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">The include and
exclude control statements allow precise control of the backup file
set:</font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp; include
/aaa/bbb/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
include file tree under /aaa/bbb/<br>
&nbsp; exclude
/aaa/bbb/ccc/*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; #
exception: exclude /ccc/ subtree<br>
&nbsp; include
/aaa/bbb/ccc/xxx.yyy &nbsp; # exception: include file
/ccc/xxx.yyy</big></font></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
file-chooser dialog may be used to quickly converge on the desired
results. The editor may also be used to make adjustments.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Because
of wildcards, newly added files within the scope of existing include
or exclude filespecs are automatically comprehended. In the above
example, if a new file is added somewhere within the /aaa/bbb/ tree,
it will be automatically included in the next backup job, unless of
course it is in the excluded&nbsp; /aaa/bbb/ccc/&nbsp;
subtree.</font><br>
<img src="images/dkopp-jobedit.png" name="graphics1" height="608"
 vspace="5" width="796" border="0" align="bottom"><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The&nbsp;
file &gt; edit job&nbsp; menu command (or toolbar button) pops up the
middle box. This can be edited directly: click anywhere in the text
area and start writing. The right box is the choose files dialog,
which is started with the browse button. Choose files using the right
box, and the middle box records your choices. You can navigate around
the directory hierarchy and select any number of files or
directories. The hidden button toggles the display of hidden files.
Click one of the include or exclude buttons to get the selected files
added to or removed from the backup list. Selecting a directory is an
implied selection of all contained files, thus the selection appears
as&nbsp; directory/*&nbsp; in the list of selected files. To make an
exception, go down one level, choose files, and select the opposite
include or exclude button. You can refine the file selections
manually if desired. It is sometimes handy to use wildcards in the
directories to make more general and compact selection criteria,
e.g.&nbsp; </font><font face="FreeMono"><br>
<big><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></big></font><big><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big>exclude
*thunderbird*/Trash*</big></font></font></big><font face="FreeSans"><big><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp; </span></big><br>
will
omit trashed mail even if the overlying directories change (they do)
and even for multiple users (the leading wildcard includes
"/home/*").</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">You can add
comments, or disable an include / exclude line, by putting&nbsp;
#&nbsp;
in column 1.</font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="script_files"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Script
Files</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><br>
A script is a
text file with a series of commands that can be run as a batch job.
All dkopp menu commands can be scripted.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
format of the records in the script file is as follows:</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
<font face="FreeSans">menu1 &gt; menu2 &gt; parameter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
# comment</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The menu names must match
the interactive menu names exactly, including case.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">To
run a script file:&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><big><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big>$
dkopp
-script /pathname/scriptfile</big></font></font></big><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">You
can also add the option&nbsp; -nogui&nbsp; for deferred execution.
Dkopp will not create a window or ask for any inputs in this mode.
You must leave a DVD/BD in the drive for dkopp to use later.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">Here
is a sample script file to get you familiar with the possibilities:</font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp;&nbsp; File &gt; open job &gt; jobfile1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Report &gt; get
backup files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; DVD/BD &gt; mount DVD/BD<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
Report &gt;
differences-detail&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
# report changed files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Backup &gt;
incremental&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
back them up<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
Verify &gt;
full&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
verify all files<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Report &gt;
differences-counts&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; # should
be zero<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; File &gt; save screen &gt;
dkopp.log&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
# save a log file<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; DVD/BD &gt; eject DVD/BD<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
File &gt; quit<br>
</big></font></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The toolbar
buttons may also be used, e.g. &nbsp;</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
<font face="FreeSans">button &gt; pause&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; # press
resume to continue</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">At this point you
may use the menu interactively and then resume the script by pressing
the resume button.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">The command&nbsp;
exit&nbsp; may be used to end the script file and return to
interactive mode. </font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Script file EOF
does the same thing. </font><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><a name="large_backup_jobs"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Large
Backup Jobs (more than one DVD/BD)</b></font></font><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><br>
A
full backup may be larger than one DVD/BD, and you will be asked to
load additional DVD/BDs as needed. If a job is being run (rather than
the menu backup &gt; full) each DVD/BD will be verified (if specified
in the job) before the next DVD/BD is requested. An attempt is made
to fit all files derived from a single include&nbsp; statement on the
same DVD/BD, if possible. This allocation is made after excluded
files have been removed from the backup file set. The job file
written to each DVD/BD reflects the files actually copied to that
DVD/BD, so that subsequent incremental updates may be done
individually on each DVD/BD, e.g. as follows:</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">File &gt; open DVD/BD</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">Backup &gt; incremental</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">Verify &gt; incremental</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Note
that if an include statement is too big to fit on one DVD/BD, this
strategy will not work as expected. The backup job file on the first
DVD/BD will have the big include statement, but additional DVD/BDs
used for this same include will not. If possible, break up the large
include statement into smaller ones.</font><br>
</p>
<br>
<p><a name="technical_notes"></a><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><font size="4"><b>Technical
Notes</b></font></font><font size="4"><br>
</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>DVD/BD
auto-mount:</b></font> <span style="font-family: sans-serif;">It used
to be possible to disable Gnome from auto-mounting a DVD/BD. In Gnome 3
this seems no longer possible. Dkopp was modified to look for and
accept auto-mounts. Changing the mount point is also impossible. </span><font
 face="FreeSans">A full backup does
not require the DVD/BD to be mounted, since growisofs will initialize
the DVD/BD.<br>
<br>
</font><font face="FreeSans"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><b>DVD
mount errors and growisofs errors: </b>There
are many of these, and they change with each new release of the kernel,
Gnome, and growisofs (the command-line program used to write the
DVD/BD). Often they are bogus errors that are not really errors, or
they are temporary errors that will go away when the operation is tried
again. Dkopp is unable to distinguish the difference. In the case of a
full backup, the user is given a popup dialog with the
options to <span style="font-weight: bold;">abort </span>the job, <span
 style="font-weight: bold;">retry</span> the full backup, or<span
 style="font-weight: bold;"> ignore</span> the error. If the backup job
did not even get started, use <span style="font-weight: bold;">retry</span>.
If the backup job seems to have completed, use <span
 style="font-weight: bold;">ignore</span>. Verify will detect later if
any error actually happened. <b><br>
</b></font></p>
<p><font face="FreeSans"><b>Running
dkopp as root:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> Dkopp will only copy
files for which the user has read access. If files belonging to root
or other users are to be copied, you must run dkopp as root. Use "su"
or "sudo", or log in as root (see the note below about
making a launcher to handle this). The growisofs manpage says it will
not work using "sudo". However, using dkopp with "sudo"
(which starts growisofs as a subprocess) apparently works fine. On
some systems mounting a DVD/BD requires root, making dkopp also
require root.</font> <font face="FreeSans">Dkopp has a toolbar button
[root] which can be used to become the root user, after entering your
sudo password. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">"suid"
permission: Dkopp cannot run with the "suid" permission
bit: the GTK library refuses to initialize. The GTK authors believe
it is impossible to maintain good security if non-root users are
allowed to use GTK apps with root permissions. If root privileges are
needed, run dkopp as root:&nbsp; <br>
<big><big>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp; </span></big></big></font><big><big><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big><big>$
sudo
dkopp&nbsp; or&nbsp; $ gksu dkopp</big></big></font></font></big><br>
</big><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Blank
DVD/BDs:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> the first time a DVD/BD is
used, do a full backup. A blank DVD/BD will not mount, but a full
backup will still work and make the DVD/BD mountable
thereafter.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Flakey DVD/BDs:</b></font><font face="FreeSans">
drive and media combinations sometimes have compatibility problems,
resulting in media errors. The newest drives (2006+) are much better
at adjusting to media variations. I have had a few DVDs (&lt;1%) that
passed a dkopp verify and then became unreadable later, so make
regular backups and avoid depending on a single DVD/BD.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>DVD/BD
lockups:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> growisofs can leave a
DVD/BD drive in an unresponsive state, making the following verify
fail because the DVD/BD cannot even be mounted. The backup is always
OK and the verify works OK after the DVD/BD has been ejected and
reloaded. Use the DVD/BD reset or eject command and then one of the
verify commands. This problem seems to affect DVD+R and DVD-R media,
but DVD+RW works normally. Sometimes the DVD/BD drive is locked-up so
badly that only a reboot can bring it back to life. I don't know if
this is a Linux kernel problem or DVD/BD firmware or computer BIOS
problem <span style="font-family: sans-serif;">(n</span></font><span
 style="font-family: sans-serif;">ote from 2011: this problem seems to
be rare
now).</span><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Media errors:</b></font><font face="FreeSans">
If the dkopp verify function runs into a read error, the DVD/BD drive
may lock-up for a minute or more while retrying the failed read
hundreds of times. Give the "kill" command and wait for the
drive to give up. If the DVD/BD is dirty, clean it and try again.
Otherwise throw it out.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Privacy
and data protection:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> to protect your
private data on discarded DVD/BDs, you should destroy them. A few
seconds in a microwave oven will completely destroy the metallic
recording layer (with spectacular visual effects). Do not inhale the
fumes.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Command line
arguments:</b></font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp; $ dkopp -job jobfile&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; # load job file<br>
&nbsp; $
dkopp&nbsp; jobfile&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;# load
job file<br>
&nbsp; $ dkopp -run jobfile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;# load job file
and run it<br>
&nbsp; $ dkopp -script scriptfile&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;# run script file<br>
&nbsp; $ dkopp -nogui
-run
jobfile&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
#
run job in non-GUI mode </big></font></font><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" size="2"><big><br>
</big></font></big>&nbsp;<br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
-run and -script commands are intended for shell scripts. The -job
command is more useful for a desktop launcher, leaving the user free
to elect the backup mode or make other changes in the job before
execution. If the jobfile name contains blanks, quotes are required,
e.g.&nbsp; &nbsp;</font><br>
<big><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big>$
dkopp
-job "my dkopp job"</big></font></font></big><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
-nogui option will prevent dkopp from opening a window or asking for
any interactive inputs. Use this for deferred operation (batch job).
You must leave a DVD/BD in the drive for dkopp/growisofs to
use.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Desktop launcher:</b></font><font
 face="FreeSans">
a desktop icon / launcher may contain a command like this:</font><br>
<big><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><font style="font-family: monospace;"
 face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big>gksu dkopp
-job myjob.job</big></font></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">gksu will ask
for the root or administrator password and run the job as
root.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Deleted DVD/BD files:</b></font><font
 face="FreeSans">
growisofs is used to perform the file copies. It can replace existing
DVD/BD files with new versions, but it does not delete files. For
incremental backups, dkopp replaces deleted files with null files
(zero length). Full backups do not have this issue, since the DVD/BD
is initialized. If you recover files from a dkopp DVD/BD using a
shell copy command with wildcards, or Nautilus drag-and-drop of an
entire directory, you may get unwanted null files. If this happens,
it is easy to get rid of them like this: </font><br>
<big><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big>$
rm
-i $(find /dir1/.../dirN -empty)</big></font></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">(remove
all empty files in a directory tree, with confirmation of each)</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Note
that if you use dkopp restore, these null files are invisible and are
not restored.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Incremental
backups:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> a DVD/BD file is considered
identical to its corresponding disk file if their lengths and
modification times are the same. Incremental backups exclude such
files. If the modification times differ by less than 1 second they
are considered equal (another way to look at this issue: file backup
times may be wrong by up to 1 second). A thorough verify will read
and compare the files unconditionally.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>File
names containing "=":</b></font><font face="FreeSans">&nbsp;
genisoimage requires that "=" in file names be replaced
with "\\=". DVD/BD files end up with "\="
replacing the original "=". The file-chooser dialog in
dkopp file restore shows "\=" instead of "=", but
the files will be correctly restored with "="
only.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Restoring file owner and
permissions:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> For some reason,
genisoimage does not preserve owner and permissions for directory
files copied to DVD/BD, although data files are preserved. To get
around this, dkopp writes a special file to the DVD/BD with the data
needed for file restores.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Special
dkopp files on DVD/BD: </b></font><font face="FreeSans"><br>
Directory</font>
<font face="DejaVu Sans Mono">/dkopp-data </font><font face="FreeSans">is
written
to the DVD/BD with three files: </font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
<font face="FreeSans">datetime&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;backup
date-time and DVD/BD usage count</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
<font face="FreeSans">filepoop&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;owner
and permissions for all backed-up files and directories</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">jobfile&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;a copy of the backup job specs last used on
this DVD/BD</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">These are ordinary text
files which you can view with an editor.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Special
file types:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> pipes, devices, and
sockets are not copied. Symlinks are copied as such. Both symlinks
and their targets should be included in the backup or restore file
set, since it makes no sense to copy one without the other. This
normally happens by default, since symlinks typically link to files
in the same directory. Symlinks are used commonly in system
directories and in the hidden system files within a /home/user
directory. For user files, there is no need for them. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Killing
growisofs (killing a backup job in progress):</b></font><font
 face="FreeSans">
this will sometimes leave the DVD/BD in a condition that growisofs
refuses to deal with. If you decide to abort a backup job (e.g. to
revise the job specs and start over), you may get this condition. You
should retry a full backup on this DVD/BD. If growisofs still
refuses, format the DVD/BD (dkopp menu), then try the full backup job
again.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Duplicate files:</b></font><font
 face="FreeSans">
If job file "include" statements overlap, resulting in
duplicate files in the backup set, this is reported and the backup is
terminated.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b></b></font><font face="FreeSans"><b>Microsoft
Windows:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> DVD/BDs created with dkopp
use the standard ISO-9660 file system, which can be read by
Windows.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>DVD/BD drive and
media information:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> here are two
useful commands:</font><br>
<font style="font-family: monospace;" face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font
 size="2"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"></span><big>&nbsp; $
udevinfo -q all -n /dev/dvd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; # DVD/BD
drive information</big></font></font><big><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" size="2"><big><br>
&nbsp; </big></font><font style="font-family: monospace;"
 face="DejaVu Sans Mono"><font size="2"><big>$
dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/dvd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; #
DVD/BD media information</big></font></font><font
 style="font-family: monospace;" size="2"><big><br>
</big></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Incremental
backups:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> new and updated files are
written to a new "session" on the DVD/BD, along with new
directory files which may reference data files in both the old and
new sessions. Nothing is changed in the old sessions. Thus,
incremental backups consume more space on the DVD/BD even if the
corresponding disk files are not any bigger. For DVD+R, DVD-R and
BD-R media (write once), only one full backup may be made, and as
many incremental backups as can fit in the remaining space. For
DVD+RW, DVD-RW and BD-RE media (rewritable), a new full backup will
initialize the DVD/BD and recover all space. These DVD/BDs can be
used until they wear out. I have exceeded 100 uses on a test DVD+RW
medium and it still works fine. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Growisofs
progress tracking:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> Growisofs
(genisoimage) outputs a "% done" value every few megabytes.
Dkopp uses this number to compute the current position in the list of
files to be copied, and the resulting file is echoed to the main
window. The update frequency is typically less than once per file, so
some file names will be bypassed. Large files may stay on the screen
for several update cycles. For full backups, the math is
straightforward. For incremental backups, growisofs starts off
with:</font><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="FreeSans">%
done = 100 * (initial DVD/BD bytes used) / (final DVD/BD bytes used)
</font><br>
<font face="FreeSans">Dkopp assigns this value to the
first file in the backup list. The last file is assigned 100%, and
the rest are interpolated using accumulated bytes.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Linux
error codes:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> Linux error codes can
be misleading. If an attempt is made to open a file that is already
open and therefore locked, the error code translates to "no such
file or directory". The error codes are the same for an attempt
to mount an empty tray or a corrupted DVD/BD. The same is true for an
attempt to mount a DVD/BD that is already mounted, or a blank DVD/BD.
Dkopp outputs messages of its own that mention the multiple
possibilities. Hopefully this will improve over time.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>Backup
history files: </b></font><font face="FreeSans">A history file is
generated for every backup job run.</font><br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp;<font face="FreeSans">location:&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
</font><big style="font-family: monospace;"><font size="2"><big>/home/username/.dkopp/&nbsp;&nbsp;
(or)
&nbsp; /root/.dkopp/ &nbsp;</big></font></big><br>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<font face="FreeSans">file
name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><big style="font-family: monospace;"><font
 size="2"><big>dkopp-hist-yyyymmdd-hhmm-label</big></font></big><br>
<font face="FreeSans">The
file name corresponds to the date and time of the backup and the
DVD/BD label. A history file contains a list of all the files copied
to that DVD/BD at that time. Thus, a DVD/BD used for a full backup
and two incremental backups will have three corresponding history
files, each one containing those files copied by the respective
backup job. A full backup spanning multiple DVD/BDs will have
multiple history files, one per DVD/BD. History files accumulate and
are not automatically deleted. When 200 files are reached, the find
files and view backup history reports produce warnings. Delete the
oldest files or move them elsewhere. The 200 limit is a compile time
constant: maxhist. This could be set much higher if desired (and if
you have so many DVD/BDs before you re-use them).</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>DVD/BD
label:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> The menu&nbsp; DVD/BD &gt;
set DVD/BD label&nbsp; is for an optional DVD/BD label input, which
you can use as part of your media management system. A subsequent
backup job will write this label to the DVD/BD, and the DVD/BD mount
command will show the label. Recommendation: for full backups, set
the label to match what is written on the DVD/BD (with a soft pen).
For incremental backups, leave the label unchanged.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>genisoimage
errors:</b></font><font face="FreeSans"> If a disk file is deleted
after growisofs begins, the DVD/BD will be defective: directory
entries for the missing files and all following files will point to
garbage (which may even be readable). The error reported by
genisoimage is ignored by growisofs. Dkopp scans growisofs output for
the ignored errors and un-ignores them.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="FreeSans"><b>DVD/BD
media types:</b></font><br>
<big><font style="font-family: monospace;" face="Courier 10 Pitch"><font
 size="2"><big>&nbsp;&nbsp; DVD+RW&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; good for
many (hundreds?) of full
and incremental backups<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; DVD-RW&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
good for many (hundreds?) of full and incremental backups<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
DVD+R&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; good for one full and many
incremental backups<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; DVD-R&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
good for one full and many incremental backups <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
DVD-RAM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; good for many (thousands?) of full
and incremental backups <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
(perportedly
the most reliable media) <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; BD-R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
good for one full and many incremental backups<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
BD-RE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; good for many (?) full and
incremental backups</big></font></font></big></p>
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