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<pre>Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                    P. Aitken, Ed.
Request for Comments: 8038                                       Brocade
Category: Standards Track                                      B. Claise
ISSN: 2070-1721                                      Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                                  S. B S
                                                     Mojo Networks, Inc.
                                                             C. McDowall
                                                                 Brocade
                                                        J. Schoenwaelder
                                                Jacobs University Bremen
                                                                May 2017


                        <span class="h1">Exporting MIB Variables</span>
         <span class="h1">Using the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol</span>

Abstract

   This document specifies a way to complement IP Flow Information
   Export (IPFIX) Data Records with Management Information Base (MIB)
   objects, avoiding the need to define new IPFIX Information Elements
   for existing MIB objects that are already fully specified.

   Two IPFIX Options Templates, as well as a method for creating IPFIX
   Options Templates that are used to export the extra data required to
   fully describe Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) MIB objects
   in IPFIX, are specified herein.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in <a href="./rfc7841#section-2">Section&nbsp;2 of RFC 7841</a>.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8038">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8038</a>.










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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp78">BCP 78</a> and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (<a href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   <a href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction ....................................................<a href="#page-4">4</a>
   <a href="#section-2">2</a>. Motivation ......................................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-3">3</a>. Terminology .....................................................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
   <a href="#section-4">4</a>. High-Level Solution Overview ....................................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
   5. MIB Object Value Information Elements and the MIB Field
      Options Template ...............................................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
      <a href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>. MIB Field Options Architecture ............................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
      <a href="#section-5.2">5.2</a>. IPFIX and MIB Data Model ..................................<a href="#page-13">13</a>
      <a href="#section-5.3">5.3</a>. MIB Field Options - Specifications and Required Fields ....<a href="#page-15">15</a>
           <a href="#section-5.3.1">5.3.1</a>. MIB Field Options Template .........................<a href="#page-16">16</a>
           <a href="#section-5.3.2">5.3.2</a>. MIB Type Options Template ..........................<a href="#page-16">16</a>
      <a href="#section-5.4">5.4</a>. MIB Field Options Template Formats ........................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
           <a href="#section-5.4.1">5.4.1</a>. Data Template Containing a mibObjectValue Field ....<a href="#page-17">17</a>
           <a href="#section-5.4.2">5.4.2</a>. MIB Field Options Template .........................<a href="#page-19">19</a>
           <a href="#section-5.4.3">5.4.3</a>. MIB Field Options Data Records .....................<a href="#page-20">20</a>
           5.4.4. Options Template Containing a
                  mibObjectValue Field ...............................<a href="#page-21">21</a>
           <a href="#section-5.4.5">5.4.5</a>. MIB Field Options Template with Semantics Fields ...<a href="#page-23">23</a>
           5.4.6. MIB Field Options Template with Extra MIB
                  Object Details .....................................<a href="#page-24">24</a>
      <a href="#section-5.5">5.5</a>. Use of Field Order in the MIB Field Options Template ......<a href="#page-27">27</a>
      <a href="#section-5.6">5.6</a>. Identifying the SNMP Context ..............................<a href="#page-27">27</a>
      <a href="#section-5.7">5.7</a>. Template Management .......................................<a href="#page-28">28</a>
           <a href="#section-5.7.1">5.7.1</a>. Large Messages .....................................<a href="#page-28">28</a>
           <a href="#section-5.7.2">5.7.2</a>. Template Withdrawal and Reuse ......................<a href="#page-29">29</a>









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      <a href="#section-5.8">5.8</a>. Exporting Conceptual Rows and Tables ......................<a href="#page-29">29</a>
           <a href="#section-5.8.1">5.8.1</a>. Exporting Conceptual Rows - Indexing ...............<a href="#page-30">30</a>
           <a href="#section-5.8.2">5.8.2</a>. Exporting Conceptual Rows - mibObjectValueRow ......<a href="#page-30">30</a>
           <a href="#section-5.8.3">5.8.3</a>. Exporting Conceptual Rows - AUGMENTS ...............<a href="#page-36">36</a>
           <a href="#section-5.8.4">5.8.4</a>. Exporting Conceptual Tables - mibObjectValueTable ..37
           5.8.5. Exporting Columnar Objects: Using
                  mibIndexIndicator ..................................<a href="#page-38">38</a>
   <a href="#section-6">6</a>. Example Use Cases ..............................................<a href="#page-39">39</a>
      <a href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>. Non-columnar MIB Object: Established TCP Connections ......<a href="#page-39">39</a>
      6.2. Enterprise-Specific MIB Object: Detailing CPU Load
           History ...................................................<a href="#page-42">42</a>
      <a href="#section-6.3">6.3</a>. Exporting a Conceptual Row: The OSPF Neighbor Row .........<a href="#page-45">45</a>
      6.4. Exporting Augmented Conceptual Row: Mapping IF-MIB
           ID to Name ................................................<a href="#page-49">49</a>
      <a href="#section-6.5">6.5</a>. Exporting a Columnar Object: ipIfStatsInForwDatagrams .....<a href="#page-55">55</a>
      6.6. Exporting a Columnar Object Indexed by Information
           Elements: ifOutQLen .......................................<a href="#page-58">58</a>
      6.7. Exporting with Multiple Contexts: The OSPF
           Neighbor Row Revisited ....................................<a href="#page-62">62</a>
   <a href="#section-7">7</a>. Configuration Considerations ...................................<a href="#page-65">65</a>
   <a href="#section-8">8</a>. The Collecting Process's Side ..................................<a href="#page-66">66</a>
   <a href="#section-9">9</a>. Applicability ..................................................<a href="#page-66">66</a>
   <a href="#section-10">10</a>. Security Considerations .......................................<a href="#page-67">67</a>
   <a href="#section-11">11</a>. IANA Considerations ...........................................<a href="#page-68">68</a>
      <a href="#section-11.1">11.1</a>. New IPFIX Semantics ......................................<a href="#page-68">68</a>
           <a href="#section-11.1.1">11.1.1</a>. snmpCounter .......................................<a href="#page-68">68</a>
           <a href="#section-11.1.2">11.1.2</a>. snmpGauge .........................................<a href="#page-68">68</a>
      <a href="#section-11.2">11.2</a>. New IPFIX Information Elements ...........................<a href="#page-69">69</a>
           <a href="#section-11.2.1">11.2.1</a>. New MIB Object Value Information Elements .........<a href="#page-69">69</a>
           <a href="#section-11.2.2">11.2.2</a>. New MIB Field Options Information Elements ........<a href="#page-75">75</a>
           <a href="#section-11.2.3">11.2.3</a>. New MIB Type Information Elements .................<a href="#page-79">79</a>
   <a href="#section-12">12</a>. References ....................................................<a href="#page-81">81</a>
      <a href="#section-12.1">12.1</a>. Normative References .....................................<a href="#page-81">81</a>
      <a href="#section-12.2">12.2</a>. Informative References ...................................<a href="#page-82">82</a>
   Acknowledgments ...................................................<a href="#page-84">84</a>
   Authors' Addresses ................................................<a href="#page-84">84</a>















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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>.  Introduction</span>

   There is growing interest in using IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)
   as a push mechanism for exporting management information.  Using a
   push protocol such as IPFIX instead of a polling protocol like SNMP
   is especially interesting in situations where large chunks of
   repetitive data need to be exported periodically.

   While initially targeted at different problems, there is a large
   parallel between the information transported via IPFIX and SNMP.
   Furthermore, certain Management Information Base (MIB) objects are
   highly relevant to Flows as they are understood today.  For example,
   in the IPFIX Information Model [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], Information Elements
   coming from the SNMP world have already been specified, e.g.,
   ingressInterface and egressInterface both refer to the ifIndex object
   as defined in [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>].

   In particular, the Management Information Base was designed as a
   separate system of definitions; this opens up the possibility of
   exporting objects defined via the MIB over other protocols.

   Rather than mapping existing MIB objects to IPFIX Information
   Elements on a case-by-case basis, it would be advantageous to enable
   the export of any existing or future MIB objects as part of an IPFIX
   Data Record.  This way, the duplication of Data Models [<a href="./rfc3444" title="&quot;On the Difference between Information Models and Data Models&quot;">RFC3444</a>],
   both as SMIv2 MIB objects and IPFIX Information Elements, out of the
   same Information Model [<a href="./rfc3444" title="&quot;On the Difference between Information Models and Data Models&quot;">RFC3444</a>] would be avoided.

   Therefore, the primary goals of this document are:

   o  to specify a way to complement IPFIX Data Records with MIB
      objects;

   o  to avoid the need to define new IPFIX Information Elements for
      existing MIB objects that are already fully specified;

   o  to allow the correlation of SNMP and IPFIX sourced data by
      exporting them together; and

   o  to allow SNMP push data from SNMP-only devices to be more easily
      integrated into IPFIX-based collection infrastructures.










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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>.  Motivation</span>

   The intended scope of this work is the addition of MIB variable(s) to
   IPFIX Information Elements in Data Records, in order to complement
   the Data Records with useful and already-standardized information.
   Special consideration is given to the case of an existing
   Template Record that needs to be augmented with some MIB variables
   whose index is already present in the Template Record as an IPFIX
   Information Element -- for example, a 7-tuple Data Record containing
   the ingressInterface Information Element, which needs to be augmented
   by interface counters [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>] that are indexed by the respective
   ingressInterface values already contained in the Data Records.  See
   <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a> for terminology definitions.

   Many Data Records contain the ingressInterface and/or the
   egressInterface Information Elements.  These Information Elements
   carry an ifIndex value, a MIB object defined in [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>].  In order
   to retrieve additional information about the identified interface, a
   Collector could simply poll relevant objects from the device running
   the Exporter via SNMP.  However, that approach has several problems:

   o  It requires implementing a mediation function between two Data
      Models, i.e., MIB objects and IPFIX Information Elements.

   o  Confirming the validity of simple mappings (e.g., ifIndex to
      ifName) requires either checking on a regular basis that the
      Exporter's network management system did not reload or imposing
      ifIndex persistence across an Exporter's reload.

   o  Synchronization problems occur because counters carried in
      Data Records and counters carried in SNMP messages are retrieved
      from the Exporter at different points in time and thus cannot be
      correlated.  In the best case, assuming very tight integration of
      an IPFIX Collector with an SNMP polling engine, SNMP data is
      retrieved shortly after Data Records have been received, which
      implies a delay of the sum of the active or idle timeouts (if not
      null) plus the time to export the Data Record to the Collector.
      If, however, the SNMP data is retrieved by a generic Network
      Management Station (NMS) polling interface statistics, then the
      time lag between IPFIX counters and SNMP counters can be
      significantly higher.  See [<a href="./rfc5102" title="&quot;Information Model for IP Flow Information Export&quot;">RFC5102</a>] for details regarding active
      and idle timeouts.

   This document does not specify how to carry SNMP notifications in
   IPFIX, even if the specifications in this document could potentially
   allow this.





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   Since IPFIX is a push mechanism, initiated from the Exporter with no
   acknowledgment method, this specification does not provide the
   ability to execute configuration changes.

   The Distributed Management Expression MIB [<a href="./rfc2982" title="&quot;Distributed Management Expression MIB&quot;">RFC2982</a>], which is a
   mechanism to create new MIB variables based on the content of
   existing ones, could also be advantageous in the context of this
   specification.  Indeed, newly created MIB objects (for example, the
   link utilization MIB variable), created with the Distributed
   Management Expression MIB [<a href="./rfc2982" title="&quot;Distributed Management Expression MIB&quot;">RFC2982</a>], could nicely complement
   Data Records.

   Another advantage of exporting MIB objects via IPFIX is that IPFIX
   would benefit from an extended series of types to be exported.  The
   simple and application-wide data types specified in SMIv2 [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>],
   along with new textual conventions, can be exported within IPFIX and
   then decoded in the Collector.  However, since a textual convention
   can contain almost any name, this document does not extend the
   existing "IPFIX Information Elements" subregistry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>] that
   contains informationElementDataType.

   The overall architectural model is depicted in Figure 1.  The IPFIX
   Exporter accesses the device's instrumentation, which follows the
   specifications contained in MIB modules.  Other management
   interfaces, such as the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) or
   the device's Command Line Interface (CLI), may provide access to the
   same instrumentation.

                +------+  +-------+  +.........+  +.....+
                | SNMP |  | IPFIX |  : NETCONF :  : CLI :
                +------+  +-------+  +.........+  +.....+
                    |         |           |          |
              +--------------------------------------------+
              | Instrumentation (specified in MIB modules) |
              +--------------------------------------------+

                       Figure 1: Architectural Model














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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>.  Terminology</span>

   IPFIX-specific terminology (Information Element, Template,
   Template Record, Options Template Record, Template Set, Collector,
   Exporter, Data Record, Transport Session, Exporting Process,
   Collecting Process, etc.) used in this document is defined in
   <a href="./rfc7011#section-2">Section&nbsp;2 of [RFC7011]</a>.  As in [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>], these IPFIX-specific terms
   have the first letter of a word capitalized.

   This document prefers the more generic term "Data Record" (as opposed
   to "Flow Record") in relation to the export of MIB objects.

   Object Identifier (MIB OID)

      An Object Identifier value is an ordered list of non-negative
      numbers.  For SMIv2, each number in the list is referred to as a
      sub-identifier.  There are at most 128 sub-identifiers in a value,
      and each sub-identifier has a maximum value of 2^32 - 1
      (4294967295 decimal).  See <a href="./rfc2578#section-3.5">[RFC2578], Section&nbsp;3.5</a>.

   MIB Object Identifier Information Element

      An IPFIX Information Element ("mibObjectIdentifier") that denotes
      that a MIB Object Identifier (MIB OID) is exported in the
      (Options) Data Record.  See <a href="#section-11.2.2.1">Section 11.2.2.1</a>.

   SMIv2 Terminology

      The key words "MIB module", "MIB object", "INDEX", "AUGMENTS",
      "textual convention", "columnar object", "conceptual row", and
      "conceptual table" in this document are to be interpreted as
      described in SMIv2 [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>].

   SMIv2 SYNTAX

      The SYNTAX key words "INTEGER", "Integer32", "OCTET STRING",
      "OBJECT IDENTIFIER", "BITS", "IpAddress", "Counter32", "Gauge32",
      "TimeTicks", "Opaque", "Counter64", "Unsigned32", "SEQUENCE", and
      "SEQUENCE OF" in this document are to be interpreted as described
      in SMIv2 [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>].

   SNMP Context Terminology

      The key words "snmpEngineID", "contextEngineID", and "contextName"
      in this document are to be interpreted as described in [<a href="./rfc3411" title="&quot;An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks&quot;">RFC3411</a>].






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   mibObjectValue Information Elements

      "mibObjectValue Information Elements" refers to any and all of the
      mibObjectValue Information Elements generically.  Any restriction
      or requirement in this document that refers to "mibObjectValue"
      applies to the following Information Elements as defined in
      <a href="#section-11.2.1">Section 11.2.1</a>: mibObjectValueInteger, mibObjectValueOctetString,
      mibObjectValueOID, mibObjectValueBits, mibObjectValueIPAddress,
      mibObjectValueCounter, mibObjectValueGauge,
      mibObjectValueTimeTicks, mibObjectValueUnsigned,
      mibObjectValueTable, and mibObjectValueRow.

   Abstract Data Type

      Abstract Data Types for IPFIX are defined in <a href="./rfc7012#section-3.1">Section&nbsp;3.1 of
      [RFC7012]</a>.  This specification uses the Abstract Data Types
      "unsigned8", "unsigned32", "unsigned64", "signed32", "octetArray",
      "string", "ipv4Address", and "subTemplateList".

   IE

      Used as shorthand for "Information Element" [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>] in the
      figures.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [<a href="./rfc2119" title="&quot;Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels&quot;">RFC2119</a>].

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>.  High-Level Solution Overview</span>

   This document specifies a method for creating IPFIX Options Templates
   that are used to export the extra data required to describe MIB
   variables (see <a href="#section-5.1">Section 5.1</a>).

   This allows IPFIX Templates to contain any combination of fields
   defined by traditional IPFIX Information Element(s) and/or MIB Object
   Identifier(s).  The MIB Object Identifiers can reference either
   non-columnar or columnar MIB object(s).  Enterprise-specific MIB
   Object Identifiers are also supported.

   This document also defines two standard IPFIX Options Templates (see
   <a href="#section-5.3">Section 5.3</a>) that are used as part of the mechanism to export MIB
   object metadata:

   o  MIB Field Options Template (<a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a>)

   o  MIB Type Options Template (<a href="#section-5.3.2">Section 5.3.2</a>)



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   This document defines three classes of new IPFIX Information
   Elements.  These are used to export values from the MIB, export
   required Object Identifier information, and optionally export type
   data from a MIB module:

   o  MIB Object Value Information Elements (<a href="#section-11.2.1">Section 11.2.1</a>)

   o  MIB Field Options Information Elements (<a href="#section-11.2.2">Section 11.2.2</a>)

   o  MIB Type Information Elements (<a href="#section-11.2.3">Section 11.2.3</a>)

   Additionally, this document defines two new IPFIX semantics that are
   required for the new Information Elements:

   o  snmpCounter (<a href="#section-11.1.1">Section 11.1.1</a>)

   o  snmpGauge (<a href="#section-11.1.2">Section 11.1.2</a>)

   Two common types defined in SMIv2 are conceptual rows and conceptual
   tables.  It is desirable that exporting a complete or partial
   conceptual row be simple and efficient.  This is accomplished by
   using IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] to reduce repetition of Object
   Identifier and indexing data.

   To allow the use of individual columnar objects that make up a
   conceptual row, a method is also specified to explain that a MIB
   object is indexed by other fields in the same Data Flow.  For an
   individually indexed mibObjectValue, the index fields are sent in the
   same way as any of the other fields in the same Data Record and may
   be mibObjectValue Information Element(s) or other existing
   Information Element(s).

   Also, in some cases Exporters may not want (or be able) to export the
   full information on how the MIB objects being exported are indexed.
   This may be because the MIB object is being used purely as type
   information or the Exporting Process may not have knowledge of the
   indexing required.  Therefore, providing index information for
   columnar objects is optional.













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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>.  MIB Object Value Information Elements and the MIB Field Options</span>
<span class="h2">    Template</span>

   This document defines new mibObjectValue Information Elements (in
   <a href="#section-11.2.1">Section 11.2.1</a>).  These are used to export MIB objects as part of
   standard IPFIX Templates.  The mibObjectValue Information Elements
   contain the actual data values.

   The Metering Process or Exporting Process may extract the data values
   for mibObjectValue Information Elements from a Process that resides
   on the same device or may capture or create the data required to
   match the definition of the MIB object.  In particular, exporting a
   value of a MIB object defined in a certain MIB module does not imply
   that the SNMP process on the device supports that MIB module.

   The main issue that arises from exporting values of MIB objects in
   IPFIX is that MIB Object Identifiers do not fit into the standard
   IPFIX Template format [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>], as this only provides a 16-bit
   Information Element identifier.

   The values of a MIB object could be exported using a MIB-specific
   Information Element, without providing any Object Identifiers.
   However, without exporting the actual MIB OID, the full type of the
   data would be unknown, and every field containing MIB object data
   would appear identical.  Without knowing which OID the contents of a
   field map to, the data would be incomprehensible to a Collector.

   For the values in the mibObjectValue Information Elements to be
   understandable, more meta-information about the mibObjectValue
   Information Elements must be sent as part of the IPFIX export.  The
   required minimum information to understand each field that is being
   exported is provided in <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a>.

   One approach to this problem would be to extend the IPFIX standard to
   allow extended Field Specifiers so that metadata about fields can be
   included in Data Templates.  This would, however, require a new
   version of the IPFIX standard that may not be backward compatible.
   However, future versions of IPFIX may export the required MIB
   metadata as part of newly defined IPFIX Set versions.

   This document defines a MIB Field Options Template to export the
   extra meta-information required for mibObjectValue Information
   Elements.  This is a standard IPFIX Options Template Set that
   includes a minimum set of required fields (see <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a>) and may
   include extra fields to provide more meta-information about one of
   the mibObjectValue Information Elements.





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   The MIB Field Options export tells the Collecting Process the OID for
   the MIB object type definition for the following (Template, field).

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1" href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>.  MIB Field Options Architecture</span>

   Four IPFIX Sets are used together to export a Flow that contains
   mibObjectValue Information Elements.  These are:

   1.  A Template Set that includes the mibObjectValue Information
       Element.

          The Template Set informs the Collector that a MIB object value
          of length N will be exported.  This Set may also be an Options
          Template Set.

   2.  A MIB Field Options Template Set.

          The MIB Field Options Template describes which metadata will
          be sent for each mibObjectValue Information Element being
          exported.

   3.  A MIB Field Options Data Set.

          The MIB Field Options Data Set includes the metadata for each
          MIB object (i.e., the mibObjectIdentifier or
          mibSubIdentifier).  The metadata about the mibObjectValue
          Information Elements only needs to be resent as per normal
          Template refreshes or resends.

   4.  A Data Set.

          The Data Set contains only the actual data extracted from the
          MIB or described by the MIB module.


















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   Figure 2 shows the IPFIX Message structure for a MIB field in a
   Template Set.

         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         | IPFIX Message Header                                  |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         | Template Set         (A)                              |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         | Options Template Set (B) (MIB Field Options Template) |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         | Data Set             (B) (MIB Field Options Data)     |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+
         | Data Set             (A)                              |
         +-------------------------------------------------------+

    Figure 2: IPFIX Message Structure for a MIB Field in a Template Set

   The MIB Field Options Template defines MIB Field Options
   Data Records.  The MIB Field Options Data Records annotate the Data
   Template with mibObjectValue metadata.  Together, the Data Template
   and MIB Field Options Data Records define the Data Records that will
   be exported.

   The Data Records (A) have a dependency on the two Templates and the
   MIB Field Options Data Records.

   More Data Sets that use the same mibObjectValue Information Element
   can then be sent in subsequent packets.























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   Figure 3 shows the relationships between the Sets discussed above.

                                        +------------------------------+
                                        |MIB Field Options Template (B)|
                                        +------------------------------+
                                        |(templateId, elementIndex)    |
                                        +------------------------------+
                                        |        mibOID                |
                                        +------------------------------+
                                                     |
                                                     | Defines
                                                     V
    +------------------------+              +--------------------------+
    |    Data Template (A)   |              |MIB Field Options Data (B)|
    +------------------------+              +--------------------------+
    |Field 0 - regular IE    |              |                          |
    +------------------------+              +--------------------------+
    |Field 1-mibObjectValue  | &lt;----------- | (X,1) = OID              |
    +------------------------+   Annotates  +--------------------------+
    |Field 2-mibObjectValue  | &lt;----------- | (X,2) = OID              |
    +------------------------+              +--------------------------+
                |                                    |
                |------------------------------------/
                |
                | Defines
                |
                V
    +------------------------+
    |    Data Records (A)    |
    |------------------------|
    | Field 0 data           |
    +------------------------+
    | Field 1 data           |
    +------------------------+
    | Field 2 data           |
    +------------------------+

                   Figure 3: Relationships between Sets

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2" href="#section-5.2">5.2</a>.  IPFIX and MIB Data Model</span>

   <a href="./rfc2578#section-7.1">[RFC2578], Section&nbsp;7.1</a> specifies that the SYNTAX clause for a MIB
   object defines the abstract data structure of an object and what it
   must contain:

   "The data structure must be one of the following: a base type, BITS,
   or a textual convention.  (SEQUENCE OF and SEQUENCE are also possible
   for conceptual tables, see <a href="#section-7.1.12">section 7.1.12</a>)."



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   For each of the SYNTAX clause options, this document specifies
   exactly which mibObjectValue Information Element to use.

   If a MIB object to be exported is a textual convention, the
   definition of the textual convention must be consulted and the SYNTAX
   clause used to determine the correct base type.  This may recurse if
   the textual convention is defined in terms of another textual
   convention, but this should end at a base type.

   If the SYNTAX clause contains a textual convention or sub-typing
   (e.g., integerSubType, octetStringSubType) [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>], the
   mibObjectSyntax Information Element SHOULD be used to export this
   detail to the Collecting Process.

   The options for the SYNTAX clause are then mapped as follows:

   +-------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
   | Section in  | SYNTAX            | mibObjectValue Information      |
   | <a href="./rfc2578">RFC 2578</a>    |                   | Element                         |
   +-------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
   | 7.1.1       | INTEGER/Integer32 | mibObjectValueInteger           |
   | 7.1.2       | OCTET STRING      | mibObjectValueOctetString       |
   | 7.1.3       | OBJECT IDENTIFIER | mibObjectValueOID               |
   | 7.1.4       | BITS              | mibObjectValueBits              |
   | 7.1.5       | IpAddress         | mibObjectValueIPAddress         |
   | 7.1.6       | Counter32         | mibObjectValueCounter           |
   | 7.1.7       | Gauge32           | mibObjectValueGauge             |
   | 7.1.8       | TimeTicks         | mibObjectValueTimeTicks         |
   | 7.1.9       | Opaque            | mibObjectValueOctetString       |
   | 7.1.10      | Counter64         | mibObjectValueCounter           |
   | 7.1.11      | Unsigned32        | mibObjectValueUnsigned          |
   | 7.1.12      | SEQUENCE          | mibObjectValueRow               |
   | 7.1.12      | SEQUENCE OF       | mibObjectValueTable             |
   +-------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+

               Table 1: SMIv2 SYNTAX to mibObjectValue Types

   Values are encoded as per the standard IPFIX encoding of Abstract
   Data Types.  The only new encoding reference in this document is that
   Object Identifiers (OIDs) will be encoded as per ASN.1/BER [<a href="#ref-X.690" title="&quot;Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)&quot;">X.690</a>] in
   an octetArray.

   The mibObjectValue and mibObjectIdentifier Information Elements are
   standard IPFIX fields.  Therefore, the E bit of the mibObjectValue or
   mibObjectIdentifier Information Elements is set to 0.






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   The MIB object being exported may be defined in an enterprise-
   specific MIB module, but the Information Elements defined in this
   standard are still exported with the E bit set to 0.  The OID being
   exported indicates that the MIB object was defined in an
   enterprise-specific MIB module.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3" href="#section-5.3">5.3</a>.  MIB Field Options - Specifications and Required Fields</span>

   For each mibObjectValue Information Element that is defined in an
   IPFIX Template, a MIB Field Options Data Record will be exported that
   provides the required minimum information to define the MIB object
   that is being exported (see <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a>).

   The MIB Field Options Data Records are defined in a Template referred
   to in this document as a MIB Field Options Template with the format
   specified in <a href="#section-5.4">Section 5.4</a>.

   The MIB Field Options Template and MIB Field Options Data Records
   MUST be exported in the same IPFIX Message as any Template that is
   using a mibObjectValue Information Element.  Note that this places an
   implicit size constraint on the export.

   This whole set of Templates and MIB Field Options Data Records MUST
   all be exported prior to the corresponding Data Records that depend
   upon them.  That is, the export order MUST be:

   1.  Data Template for mibObjectValue Information Elements (Set ID 2)

   2.  MIB Field Options Template (Set ID 3)

   3.  MIB Field Options Data Records (Set ID &gt;= 256)

   4.  MIB Object Value Data Records (Set ID &gt;= 256)

   Note that the ID of an identical MIB Field Options Template that has
   already been exported MAY be reused without exporting the Template
   again.

   IPFIX Set IDs are defined in <a href="./rfc7011#section-3.3.2">Section&nbsp;3.3.2 of [RFC7011]</a>.  A value of
   2 indicates a Template Set, a value of 3 indicates an Options
   Template Set, and values 256 and above indicate Data Sets.










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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3.1" href="#section-5.3.1">5.3.1</a>.  MIB Field Options Template</span>

   Three fields are REQUIRED to unambiguously export a standalone
   mibObjectValue Information Element with a MIB Field Options Template:

   o  (scope) templateId [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>]

   o  (scope) informationElementIndex [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>]

   o  mibObjectIdentifier (<a href="#section-11.2.2.1">Section 11.2.2.1</a>) or mibSubIdentifier
      (<a href="#section-11.2.2.2">Section 11.2.2.2</a>)

   These are the minimum fields required in a MIB Field Options Template
   (see <a href="#section-5.4.2">Section 5.4.2</a>).

   The mibObjectIdentifier is used to provide the OID for all
   mibObjectValue Information Elements exported, except when IPFIX
   Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] is being used to export a conceptual row
   (see <a href="#section-5.8.2">Section 5.8.2</a>).

   While the following are optional, they are nevertheless RECOMMENDED
   in certain circumstances, as described in the referenced sections:

   o  mibCaptureTimeSemantics
      (discussed in <a href="#section-5.4.5">Section 5.4.5</a>; Information Element defined in
      <a href="#section-11.2.2.4">Section 11.2.2.4</a>)

   o  mibIndexIndicator
      (discussed in <a href="#section-5.8.5">Section 5.8.5</a>; Information Element defined in
      <a href="#section-11.2.2.3">Section 11.2.2.3</a>)

   o  mibContextEngineID
      (discussed in <a href="#section-5.6">Section 5.6</a>; Information Element defined in
      <a href="#section-11.2.2.5">Section 11.2.2.5</a>)

   o  mibContextName
      (discussed in <a href="#section-5.6">Section 5.6</a>; Information Element defined in
      <a href="#section-11.2.2.6">Section 11.2.2.6</a>)

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3.2" href="#section-5.3.2">5.3.2</a>.  MIB Type Options Template</span>

   There are also fields that provide type information from a MIB object
   definition that MAY be exported to a Collecting Process.

   Type information is statically defined in a MIB module; it is not
   expected to change.  However, the additional information about the
   MIB object may help a Collecting Process that does not have access to
   the MIB module.



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   To export a MIB Type Options Template, the mibObjectIdentifier is
   RECOMMENDED as a Scope Field so that it matches the MIB Field Options
   Template.  Any combination of the other MIB Type fields may be
   included.

   o  (scope) mibObjectIdentifier (see <a href="#section-11.2.2.1">Section 11.2.2.1</a>)

   o  mibObjectName (see <a href="#section-11.2.3.1">Section 11.2.3.1</a>)

   o  mibObjectDescription (see <a href="#section-11.2.3.2">Section 11.2.3.2</a>)

   o  mibObjectSyntax (see <a href="#section-11.2.3.3">Section 11.2.3.3</a>)

   o  mibModuleName (see <a href="#section-11.2.3.4">Section 11.2.3.4</a>)

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4" href="#section-5.4">5.4</a>.  MIB Field Options Template Formats</span>

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4.1" href="#section-5.4.1">5.4.1</a>.  Data Template Containing a mibObjectValue Field</span>

   The Template Record format of a Template that uses a mibObjectValue
   Information Element is identical to the standard IPFIX format as
   defined in [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>], so a field using a mibObjectValue Information
   Element is specified using standard IPFIX Field Specifiers per
   [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].

   The only extra requirement on a Template Record using one or more
   mibObjectValue Information Elements is that it MUST export the
   required metadata specified in <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a> for EACH mibObjectValue
   Information Element.

   If multiple MIB Field Options Data Records that refer to a
   mibObjectValue are received, the latest MUST be used.  This matches
   the expected behavior of IPFIX Templates.

   There is a one-to-one mapping between each mibObjectValue Information
   Element and a MIB Field Options Data Record.

   A MIB Field Options Template and corresponding Data Record MUST be
   exported to provide the minimum required metadata.












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   Figure 4 shows an IPFIX Template Set using a mibObjectValue
   Information Element.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 16          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |         Field Count = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = Existing IPFIX Field   |        Field Length           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = &lt;mibObjectValue&gt;       |        Field Length (MIB)     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Figure 4: IPFIX Template Set Using mibObjectValue Information Element

   Where:

      &lt;mibObjectValue&gt;

         One of the mibObjectValue IPFIX Information Elements that
         denotes that MIB object data (i.e., the value of a MIB object)
         will be exported in the (Options) Data Record.

         This could be any one of the mibObjectValue Information
         Elements defined in <a href="#section-11.2.1">Section 11.2.1</a>: mibObjectValueInteger,
         mibObjectValueOctetString, mibObjectValueOID,
         mibObjectValueBits, mibObjectValueIPAddress,
         mibObjectValueCounter, mibObjectValueGauge,
         mibObjectValueTimeTicks, mibObjectValueUnsigned,
         mibObjectValueTable, and mibObjectValueRow.

         When a mibObjectValue Information Element is used, the MIB
         Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") MUST be exported via
         a MIB Field Options Template and MIB Field Options Data Record.
         See <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a>.

      Field Length (MIB)

         The length of the encoded MIB object data in the corresponding
         Data Records, in octets.  See [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>] for a detailed
         definition.  Note that the Field Length can be expressed using
         reduced-size encoding per [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].  Note that the Field
         Length may be encoded using variable-length encoding per
         [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].





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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4.2" href="#section-5.4.2">5.4.2</a>.  MIB Field Options Template</span>

   The MIB Field Options Template is a standard Options Template that
   defines the fields that will be exported to provide enough metadata
   about a mibObjectValue Information Element so that the Collector can
   tie the data values in the mibObjectValue Information Element back to
   the definition of the MIB object.

   All MIB Field Options Templates contain the fields specified in
   <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a>.

   Figure 5 shows the required fields to export a mibObjectIdentifier
   for the MIB Field Options Template format.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 5: MIB Field Options Template Format - Required Fields

   Where:

      templateId

         The first Scope Field is an IPFIX Information Element that
         denotes that a Template Identifier will be exported as part of
         the MIB Field Options Data Record.  This Template Identifier,
         paired with an index into that Template (the
         "informationElementIndex" field), uniquely references one
         mibObjectValue Information Element being exported.









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      informationElementIndex

         The second Scope Field is an IPFIX Information Element that
         denotes a zero-based index into the fields defined by a
         Template.  When paired with a "templateId", this uniquely
         references one mibObjectValue Information Element being
         exported.

      mibObjectIdentifier

         An IPFIX Information Element that denotes the MIB Object
         Identifier for the mibObjectValue Information Element exported
         in the (Options) Template Record.

         When a MIB Object Value Information Element is used, the MIB
         Object Identifier MUST be specified in the MIB Field Options
         Template Record or specified by other means.

         The Object Identifier is encoded in the IPFIX Data Record in
         ASN.1/BER [<a href="#ref-X.690" title="&quot;Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)&quot;">X.690</a>] format.

         Variable-length encoding SHOULD be used with the
         mibObjectIdentifier so that multiple MIB OIDs of different
         lengths can be exported efficiently.  This will also allow
         reuse of the MIB Field Options Template.

         Variable-length encoding is indicated by the Field Length value
         of 65535, per Sections <a href="#section-3.2">3.2</a> and <a href="#section-7">7</a> of [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].  The RECOMMENDED
         use of variable-length encoding for mibObjectIdentifier fields
         is indicated in subsequent figures by placing 65535 in the
         relevant length fields.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4.3" href="#section-5.4.3">5.4.3</a>.  MIB Field Options Data Records</span>

   The MIB Field Options Data Records conform to the Template
   Specification in the MIB Field Options Template.  There may be
   multiple MIB Field Options Data Records exported.

   The Collecting Process MUST store all received MIB Field Options Data
   information for the duration of each Transport Session, because the
   Collecting Process will need to refer to the extra meta-information
   to fully decode each mibObjectValue Information Element.









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   Figure 6 shows the format of the exported MIB Field Options
   Data Record, detailing the metadata that will be exported to match
   the Template in Figure 5.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID               |          Length = N           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId             |  informationElementIndex      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN        |                  mibObjectIdentifier ...      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        ... mibObjectIdentifier (continued) ...                |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId             |  informationElementIndex      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    VLEN       |  mibObjectIdentifier  ...                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        ... mibObjectIdentifier (continued) ...                |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Figure 6: Format of MIB Field Options Data Record

   VLEN contains the variable length of the mibObjectIdentifier per
   <a href="./rfc7011#section-7">Section&nbsp;7 of [RFC7011]</a>.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4.4" href="#section-5.4.4">5.4.4</a>.  Options Template Containing a mibObjectValue Field</span>

   The Options Template Record format of a Template that uses a
   mibObjectValue Information Element is identical to the standard
   format as defined in [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].  The mibObjectValue Information
   Element is specified using standard Field Specifiers per [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].

   A mibObjectValue Information Element can be either a Scope Field or a
   non-Scope Field in an Options Template Record.

   The only extra requirement on an Options Template Record using one or
   more mibObjectValue Information Elements is that it MUST export the
   required metadata specified in <a href="#section-5.3.1">Section 5.3.1</a> for EACH mibObjectValue
   Information Element.

   An IPFIX Options Template Record MUST export a MIB Field Options
   Template and Data Record to provide the minimum required metadata for
   each mibObjectValue Information Element.






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   Figure 7 shows an IPFIX Options Template Set using an existing IPFIX
   field as a Scope Field and with a mibObjectValueInteger Information
   Element as a non-Scope Field, while Figure 8 shows an IPFIX Options
   Template Set using a mibObjectValueInteger Information Element as a
   Scope Field with an existing IPFIX field as a non-Scope Field.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 18          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |         Field Count = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      Scope Field Count = 1    |0| IE = Existing IPFIX Field   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

          Figure 7: IPFIX Options Template Set Using a Non-Scope
                        mibObjectValueInteger Field

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 18          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |         Field Count = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      Scope Field Count = 1    |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |0| IE = Existing IPFIX Field   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            Figure 8: IPFIX Options Template Set Using a Scope
                        mibObjectValueInteger Field












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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4.5" href="#section-5.4.5">5.4.5</a>.  MIB Field Options Template with Semantics Fields</span>

   A MIB Field Options Template MAY specify that extra Information
   Elements will be exported to record how the mibObjectValue was
   collected.

   Alternatively, one of the existing IPFIX observationTime* elements
   [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>] may be exported to specify exactly when the value was
   collected.

   Figure 9 shows the MIB Field Options Template for a non-columnar
   field with Semantic Data.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibCaptureTimeSemantics|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 9: MIB Field Options Template for a Non-columnar Field
                            with Semantic Data

   Where:

      mibObjectIdentifier

         Note the use of variable-length encoding for this field.

      mibCaptureTimeSemantics

         The MIB Capture Time Semantics IPFIX Information Element, as
         defined in <a href="#section-11.2.2.4">Section 11.2.2.4</a>.

         It is RECOMMENDED to include this field when exporting a
         mibObjectValue Information Element that specifies counters or
         statistics, particularly for situations with long-lived Flows.



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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.4.6" href="#section-5.4.6">5.4.6</a>.  MIB Field Options Template with Extra MIB Object Details</span>

   The OID exported within the mibObjectIdentifier IPFIX Information
   Element provides an OID reference to a MIB object type definition
   that will fully describe the MIB object data being exported.

   However, an Exporting Process MAY decide to include some extra fields
   to more fully describe the MIB object that is being exported with a
   mibObjectValue Information Element.

   This can be helpful if the Collecting Process may not have access to
   the MIB module.

   The Exporting Process can either include the fields with extra object
   details as part of the MIB Field Options Template or export a
   separate Options Template and a Data Record that maps MIB OIDs in
   mibObjectIdentifier fields to the object details.

   If only a few fields are being exported, then including extra type
   data in the MIB Field Options export will be more efficient.































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   The MIB Field Options Template for a non-columnar field with extra
   MIB object details is shown in Figure 10.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 38          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |        Field Count = 7        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibObjectSyntax        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibObjectName          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibObjectDescription   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibModuleName          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 10: MIB Field Options Template for a Non-columnar Field
                       with Extra MIB Object Details

   Where:

      mibObjectSyntax

         The MIB object syntax string as defined in <a href="#section-11.2.3.3">Section 11.2.3.3</a>.

         Note that a separate mibObjectSyntax Information Element is
         required (rather than extend the existing "IPFIX Information
         Elements" subregistry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>] that contains
         informationElementDataType) because the SYNTAX clause could
         contain almost any name.

      mibObjectName

         The textual name of a mibObjectIdentifier object.






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      mibObjectDescription

         The textual description for a mibObjectIdentifier.

      mibModuleName

         The textual name of the MIB module that defines a MIB object.

      Note the use of variable-length encoding for the
      mibObjectIdentifier, mibObjectSyntax, mibObjectName,
      mibObjectDescription, and mibModuleName, since these are all
      string fields.

   The MIB details can be exported in Data Records specified using a
   regular IPFIX Options Template Record [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>], as shown in
   Figure 11.  This may be more efficient, as the bulk of this data is
   text based and SHOULD be exported only once to the Collecting Process
   if there are many MIB objects being exported.  This prevents this
   large textual data from being included for every use of a
   mibObjectValue Information Element.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 30          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |        Field Count = 5        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 1       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibObjectSyntax        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibObjectName          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibObjectDescription   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |0| IE = mibModuleName          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 11: Alternative mibObjectIdentifier Options Template Set
                            with Object Details








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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5" href="#section-5.5">5.5</a>.  Use of Field Order in the MIB Field Options Template</span>

   The MIB Field Options Template export makes use of the
   informationElementIndex [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>] to specify which field in the
   Template the metadata relates to; this avoids any ordering
   constraints on the Data Template.  The mibObjectValue Information
   Elements in an IPFIX export can be in any order in the export packet.
   However, fields used as an INDEX MUST be in the same order as the
   order specified in the INDEX clause of the conceptual row MIB object.

   The informationElementIndex specifies which field in the Template
   extra information is being provided for.

   This is analogous to standard IPFIX Template Sets, which also specify
   the order of the fields and provide their type and size.

   If the Template changes such that the order is different, then the
   MIB Field Options Data MUST be resent to reflect the new ordering.  A
   new Template ID MUST be used to reflect that the ordering has
   changed.  Older MIB Field Options Data may refer to the incorrect
   field.

   A templateId [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>] is only locally unique within a combination
   of an Observation Domain and Transport Session.  As such, each MIB
   Field Options Data Record can only refer to templateIds within the
   same Observation Domain and session.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6" href="#section-5.6">5.6</a>.  Identifying the SNMP Context</span>

   Each MIB OID is looked up in a specific context, usually the default
   context.  If exporting a MIB OID value that isn't in the default
   context, then the context MUST be identified by including the
   mibContextEngineID (see <a href="#section-11.2.2.5">Section 11.2.2.5</a>) and mibContextName (see
   <a href="#section-11.2.2.6">Section 11.2.2.6</a>) fields in the MIB Field Options Template and
   associated MIB Field Options Data Records, or be included in the same
   Template as the mibObjectValue field.

   This context data MUST be included for each field that is not in the
   default context.

   The context information MAY be exported as part of the Template that
   includes the mibObjectValue Information Element, or the context
   information MAY be exported in the MIB Field Options Data Record that
   refers to the field.  Context fields exported in the same Template
   MUST take precedence over those that refer to the Template.  Context
   fields MUST apply to all mibObjectValue Information Elements in the
   same Template, and there MUST NOT be duplicates of mibContextName or
   mibContextEngineID in a Template.



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   So, a MIB Field Options Template MAY specify no context information,
   just the context engine ID or both the context engine and context
   name.  This allows the Exporter to export the bulk of data in the
   default context and only tag those items that are required.

   Since the MIB Field Options Template applies for all the Data Records
   of a Template, using context fields in the MIB Field Options Data
   Template requires that each mibContextEngineID / mibContextName pair
   have its own Template.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7" href="#section-5.7">5.7</a>.  Template Management</span>

   Templates are managed as per <a href="./rfc7011#section-8">Section&nbsp;8 of [RFC7011]</a>, with the
   additional constraint that the MIB Field Options Template and MIB
   Field Options Data Records MUST be exported in the same IPFIX Message
   as any (Options) Template Record that uses a mibObjectValue
   Information Element.

   When exporting over a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
   transport [<a href="./rfc4960" title="&quot;Stream Control Transmission Protocol&quot;">RFC4960</a>], the MIB Field Options Data Records MUST be
   exported reliably and in the same SCTP stream as their associated
   Templates per [<a href="./rfc6526" title="&quot;IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Per Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Stream&quot;">RFC6526</a>].

   If a Template using a mibObjectValue Information Element is resent
   for any reason, the Data Records it depends on MUST be sent as well.

   If a Template is replaced with a new (Options) Template, then a new
   MIB Field Options Data Record MUST be sent with the replacement
   referencing the new Template ID.

   An Exporting Process SHOULD reuse MIB Field Options Template IDs when
   the Templates are identical.  Each (Options) Template Record MUST
   still be accompanied by a copy of the MIB Field Options Template.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1" href="#section-5.7.1">5.7.1</a>.  Large Messages</span>

   The requirement to export the MIB Field Options Template and MIB
   Field Options Data Records in the same IPFIX Message as any (Options)
   Template Record that uses a mibObjectValue Information Element may
   result in very large IPFIX Messages.

   In environments with restricted Message sizes, and only when a
   reliable SCTP transport is being used, the MIB Field Options
   Template, MIB Field Options Data, Data Template, and Data Records MAY
   be exported in separate Messages in the same SCTP stream, provided
   that their order is maintained.





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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.2" href="#section-5.7.2">5.7.2</a>.  Template Withdrawal and Reuse</span>

   Data Records containing mibObjectValue Information Elements MUST NOT
   be exported if their corresponding Data Template or MIB Field Options
   Template has been withdrawn, since the MIB Field Options Template
   MUST be exported in the same IPFIX Message as the Data Template that
   it annotates, except as allowed by the caveat mentioned in
   <a href="#section-5.7.1">Section 5.7.1</a>.

   MIB Field Options Template IDs MUST NOT be reused while they are
   required by any existing Data Templates.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8" href="#section-5.8">5.8</a>.  Exporting Conceptual Rows and Tables</span>

   There are three approaches for an IPFIX Exporting Process to export
   the values of columnar objects:

   1.  Ignoring the indexing of columnar objects

   2.  Exporting conceptual rows / table objects using IPFIX Structured
       Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>]

   3.  Exporting individual indexed columnar objects

   Firstly, a subordinate columnar object may be used purely as a data
   type.  In this case, there is no index information or relation to a
   conceptual row object provided by the Exporting Process.

   Secondly, mibObjectValueRow or mibObjectValueTable can be used to
   export partial or complete conceptual rows, using IPFIX Structured
   Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>].

   Thirdly, in a mixed option/data IPFIX/MIB Template, the
   mibObjectValue Information Element can have the values of the INDEX
   clause of the conceptual row provided by other fields in the
   Data Record.  In this case, each mibObjectValue Information Element
   must specify which other field(s) in the Template is providing the
   index information.













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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8.1" href="#section-5.8.1">5.8.1</a>.  Exporting Conceptual Rows - Indexing</span>

   This document defines two forms of indexing that can be used for
   conceptual row MIB objects:

   Indexing based on IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] is used solely by
   the mibObjectValueRow Information Element.  Each conceptual row of
   the MIB object corresponds to a single Data Record exported.  The
   index fields defined in the INDEX clause of the MIB object MUST all
   be present in the same order as the Scope Fields.  This allows a
   simple table export of a conceptual row MIB object without any extra
   fields required to indicate which fields make up the conceptual row
   INDEX.

   Field-based indexing is used by giving each mibObjectValue
   Information Element a mibIndexIndicator to flag the required index
   fields.  This allows complex indexing or mixing of existing IPFIX
   Information Elements with MIB fields, with minimum overhead.  It also
   allows multiple columnar MIB objects from different conceptual rows
   to be exported with complete indexing in one IPFIX Template.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8.2" href="#section-5.8.2">5.8.2</a>.  Exporting Conceptual Rows - mibObjectValueRow</span>

   The simplest approach to exporting a complete or partial conceptual
   row object is done with the mibObjectValueRow Information Element.

   This is an IPFIX Structured Data subTemplateList Information Element
   as detailed in [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>].  The Template specified MUST be an Options
   Template.  It also MUST have the fields specified in the INDEX clause
   of the conceptual row object as the Scope Fields in the MIB Field
   Options Template and Data Set.

   An overview of this architecture is given in Figure 12.  This shows
   that the full MIB object type definition OID is exported for the
   mibObjectValueRow conceptual row field but that the individual
   columnar objects only require the sub-identifier to be exported.  To
   make the diagram clearer, the Templates for the MIB Field Options
   Templates are not shown.













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        +---------------------------+    +------------------------+
        | Data Template             |    | MIB Field Options Data |
        |                           |    |                        |
        | mibObjectValueRow         |&lt;---| OID                    |
        +---------------------------+    +------------------------+
          |
          | +-----------------------+    +------------------------+
          | | Options Template      |    | MIB Field Options Data |
          | |                       |    |                        |
          | | Scope mibObjectValue* |&lt;---| mibSubIdentifier       |
          | |       mibObjectValue* |&lt;---| mibSubIdentifier       |
          | +-----------------------+    +------------------------+
          |             |
          V             V
        +---------------------------+
        | Data Flows                |
        |                           |
        | subTemplateList (1 entry) |
        +---------------------------+

           Figure 12: Architecture for Exporting Conceptual Rows
                          with mibObjectValueRow

   The mibIndexIndicator is not required for each individual
   mibObjectValue Information Element, as mibObjectValueRow provides a
   structure that includes the index details.

   When indexing based on IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] is used, all
   Scope Fields MUST be the INDEX objects in the same order as defined
   in the INDEX clause of the conceptual row being exported.

   Each conceptual table MIB object has two related OIDs.  There is an
   OID that refers to the table with the syntax of SEQUENCE OF and an
   OID that refers to each entry or conceptual row with the syntax of
   SEQUENCE.  The OID for the SEQUENCE of a conceptual row MUST be
   exported.

   For example, in the IF-MIB [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>], the OID for ifEntry should be
   exported rather than the OID for ifTable.  The OID for the table (in
   this case, ifTable) can be derived by removing one sub-identifier
   from the ifEntry OID.

   The full OID for the conceptual row MIB object type definition being
   exported with the mibObjectValueRow Information Element MUST be
   exported.  However, the fields that are members of the conceptual row
   need not have the full OID of their MIB object type definition
   exported.  Instead, the mibSubIdentifier Information Element can be
   used to document which entry in the conceptual row the field is.



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   In this case, the exported Flow will contain a single complete or
   partial row from a table inside a single field of the Data Record.

   There may be MIB objects that are specified in the INDEX of the
   conceptual row but not columnar objects of the same conceptual row;
   for these, the Exporter MUST provide the full OID in a
   mibObjectIdentifier field.

   So, for a conceptual row object with the OID "1.2.3.4.5.6" the OID of
   the type definitions for columnar objects "1.2.3.4.5.6.1"
   "1.2.3.4.5.6.2" can be exported with just a mibSubIdentifier of "1"
   and "2", respectively.

   The mibObjectValue Information Elements exported using the
   mibObjectValueRow export MUST all either be objects defined in the
   INDEX clause, columnar objects of the same conceptual row object, or
   columnar objects that augment the same conceptual row.

   The IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] subTemplateList format requires
   the Structured Data Type Semantics to be specified.  Unless there is
   a more appropriate option in the "IPFIX Structured Data Types
   Semantics" subregistry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], the "undefined" Structured Data
   Type Semantics can be used.

   Figure 13 shows an IPFIX Template for an IPFIX Structured Data
   [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] export of a conceptual row, while Figure 14 shows an IPFIX
   Options Template for a complete conceptual row with five columns and
   two index fields.  Figure 15 shows the MIB Field Options Template for
   a conceptual row field.  Figure 16 shows the MIB Field Options
   Template for the columns inside the conceptual row.  Figure 17 shows
   the OID Data for the conceptual row that will be exported.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 12          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 300       |         Field Count = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectValueRow      |         Field Length          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

              Figure 13: IPFIX Template for a Conceptual Row








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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 30          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 301       |         Field Count = 5       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      Scope Field Count = 2    |0| IE = mibObjectValue INDEX1  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |0| IE = mibObjectValue INDEX2  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |0| IE = mibObjectValue COLUMN3 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |0| IE = mibObjectValue COLUMN4 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |0| IE = mibObjectValue COLUMN5 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Figure 14: IPFIX Options Template for a mibObjectValueRow
                  with Five Columns and Two Index Fields

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 302       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 15: MIB Field Options Template for a Conceptual Row Object











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   Where:

      templateId

         The templateId for the MIB option that will be exported.

      mibObjectIdentifier

         The MIB OID for the conceptual row that is being exported.
         Note the use of variable-length encoding for this field.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 303       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibSubIdentifier       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

        Figure 16: MIB Field Options Template for Columnar Objects
                           of a Conceptual Table

   Where:

      templateId

         The templateId used will be for the Template referred to in the
         subTemplateList of the mibObjectValueRow that will be exported.

      mibSubIdentifier

         The sub-identifier that specifies the columnar object's ID
         within the conceptual row.










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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 302         |          Length = N           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 300       |  informationElementIndex      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN        |                  mibObjectIdentifier ...      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        ... mibObjectIdentifier (continued) ...                |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 303         |          Length = N           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId = 301       |  informationElementIndex      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibSubIdentifier             |        templateId = 301       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex      |  mibSubIdentifier             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId = 301       |  informationElementIndex      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibSubIdentifier             |        templateId = 301       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex      |  mibSubIdentifier             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId = 301       |  informationElementIndex      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibSubIdentifier             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

          Figure 17: mibOption Data Record for the Conceptual Row

   Where:

      mibObjectIdentifier

         Will contain the OID for the conceptual row as a whole.

      mibSubIdentifier

         The mibSubIdentifier fields will contain the extra
         sub-identifier that, when added to the OID for the conceptual
         row, gives the full OID for the object.






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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8.3" href="#section-5.8.3">5.8.3</a>.  Exporting Conceptual Rows - AUGMENTS</span>

   SMIv2 defines conceptual rows as having either an INDEX clause or an
   AUGMENTS clause.  Conceptual row definitions with an AUGMENTS clause
   extend an existing base conceptual row with an INDEX clause.  It is
   not possible in SMIv2 to augment a conceptual row that itself has an
   AUGMENTS clause.  The base table and the augmentation have an
   identical INDEX.

   Since augmentations allow adding extra columns to existing tables, it
   is beneficial to be able to support them easily in IPFIX exports of
   conceptual rows.

   The mibObjectValueRow OID MAY refer to either the base table with the
   INDEX clause or a conceptual row with an AUGMENTS clause.  The
   mibSubIdentifier in any MIB Field Options Data Record MUST always
   refer to the OID exported for the mibObjectValueRow Information
   Element.

   If the mibObjectValueRow OID refers to a base table, then any extra
   columns from conceptual rows with an AUGMENTS clause MUST have their
   full OID exported.

   If the mibObjectValueRow OID refers to a conceptual row that augments
   another conceptual row using the AUGMENTS clause, then any MIB fields
   from the original table's INDEX or columnar objects MUST NOT use the
   mibSubIdentifier and MUST instead export the full OID in a
   mibObjectIdentifier.

   If the mibObjectValueRow refers to an augmenting conceptual row, the
   Scope Fields of the Template used in the subTemplateList MUST have
   the index fields from the base table, in the same order as its scope.
   This is identical to the Scope Field requirements for conceptual rows
   with an INDEX clause.

   This flexibility is provided so that the conceptual rows with the
   most columns can be exported using the more efficient
   mibSubIdentifier.  For example, exporting a complete set of
   augmentation columns would only require the full OIDs for the MIB
   objects in the INDEX.

   It is possible to export MIB object columns from multiple augmenting
   conceptual rows.  If this is done, then the base table SHOULD be used
   as the main OID for the mibObjectValueRow.







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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8.4" href="#section-5.8.4">5.8.4</a>.  Exporting Conceptual Tables - mibObjectValueTable</span>

   Multiple rows of a conceptual table can be exported in the
   mibObjectValueTable Information Element (<a href="#section-11.2.1.10">Section 11.2.1.10</a>).  This
   allows a set of conceptual rows corresponding to a conceptual table
   to be exported as a single field.  Therefore, a complete set of rows
   can be exported as a single field with other Information Elements in
   a Template.  In this fashion, several complete conceptual tables
   could be exported in one packet.

   As also specified for mibObjectValueRow (<a href="#section-5.8.2">Section 5.8.2</a>), the more
   specific (i.e., full) OID of the SEQUENCE entity MUST be exported.

   The format of mibObjectValueTable is identical to mibObjectValueRow,
   except that the length of the subTemplateList may be zero or more
   entries.

   All the other, i.e., non-length, requirements for mibObjectValueRow
   in <a href="#section-5.8.2">Section 5.8.2</a> apply to mibObjectValueTable.

   An overview of this architecture is given in Figure 18.  This
   architecture is similar to the architecture shown in Figure 12.

        +---------------------------+    +------------------------+
        | Data Template             |    | MIB Field Options Data |
        |                           |    |                        |
        | mibObjectValueTable       |&lt;---| OID                    |
        +---------------------------+    +------------------------+
          |
          | +-----------------------+    +------------------------+
          | | Options Template      |    | MIB Field Options Data |
          | |                       |    |                        |
          | | Scope mibObjectValue* |&lt;---| mibSubIdentifier       |
          | |       mibObjectValue* |&lt;---| mibSubIdentifier       |
          | +-----------------------+    +------------------------+
          |             |
          V             V
        +-----------------------------+
        | Data Flows                  |
        |                             |
        | subTemplateList (n entries) |
        |    row 1                    |
        |    ...                      |
        |    row n                    |
        +-----------------------------+

          Figure 18: Architecture for Exporting Conceptual Tables
                         with mibObjectValueTable



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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8.5" href="#section-5.8.5">5.8.5</a>.  Exporting Columnar Objects: Using mibIndexIndicator</span>

   The other option for indexing a columnar object that is part of a
   conceptual table is explicit indexing.  In this case, the Options
   Template Set scope may contain either non-index fields or columnar
   MIB objects from multiple conceptual rows being exported.  In this
   case, each mibObjectValue Information Element requires the
   mibIndexIndicator with the bits set for the fields that are used to
   index that individual columnar object.

   The index fields MUST be in the "correct" order as defined in the
   conceptual row that each columnar object is a member of.

   If a mibObjectValue Information Element that is being indexed using
   mibIndexIndicator is being used as an Options Template Scope Field,
   then all fields used to index that field MUST also be Scope Fields.

   Figure 19 shows the MIB Field Options Template for an indexed MIB
   columnar object.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID             |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibIndexIndicator      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

           Figure 19: MIB Field Options Template for an Indexed
                            MIB Columnar Object











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   Where:

      mibIndexIndicator

         The MIB Index Indicator IPFIX Information Element that marks
         which fields in the Data Record will act as INDEX values for
         the exported MIB object.

         The index data for a mibObjectValue will be other fields
         contained in the same Data Record.  The mibIndexIndicator marks
         the fields whose value(s) should be added to the OID for the
         MIB object type definition exported in mibObjectIdentifier to
         get the OID for the instance of the MIB object.

         Elements used to index MIB objects MUST be exported in the same
         order as they are specified in the index field of the
         conceptual table they belong to.

      mibObjectIdentifier

         Note the use of variable-length encoding for this field.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>.  Example Use Cases</span>

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.1" href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>.  Non-columnar MIB Object: Established TCP Connections</span>

   The number of established TCP connections of a remote network device
   could be monitored by configuring it to periodically export the
   number of established TCP connections to a centralized Collector.  In
   this example, the Exporter would export an IPFIX Message every
   30 minutes that contained Data Records detailing the number of
   established TCP connections.

   The table of data that is to be exported looks like:

            +-------------------------+-----------------------+
            |        TIMESTAMP        | ESTABLISHED TCP CONN. |
            +-------------------------+-----------------------+
            | StartTime +   0 seconds |           10          |
            | StartTime +  60 seconds |           14          |
            | StartTime + 120 seconds |           19          |
            | StartTime + 180 seconds |           16          |
            | StartTime + 240 seconds |           23          |
            | StartTime + 300 seconds |           29          |
            +-------------------------+-----------------------+

                   Table 2: Established TCP Connections




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   The Template Record for such a Data Record will provide details for
   the following two Information Elements:

   1.  flowStartSeconds from [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], Information Element 150: The
       absolute timestamp of the first packet of this Flow.

   2.  tcpCurrEstab from [<a href="./rfc4022" title="&quot;Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)&quot;">RFC4022</a>], Object ID "1.3.6.1.2.1.6.9": The
       number of TCP connections for which the current state is either
       ESTABLISHED or CLOSE-WAIT.

   Figure 20 shows the exported Template Set detailing the
   Template Record for exporting the number of established TCP
   connections.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 16          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 400       |        Field Count = 2        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|   IE = flowStartSeconds     |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|   IE = mibObjectValueGauge  |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

              Figure 20: Example of tcpCurrEstab Template Set
























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   Figure 21 shows the exported MIB Field Options Template Set detailing
   the metadata that will be exported about the mibObjectValueGauge
   Information Element in Template 400 in Template Record.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 401       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Scope Field Count = 2        |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 21: Example of tcpCurrEstab MIB Field Options Template Set

   Figure 22 shows the exported MIB Field Options Data Set detailing the
   metadata that will be exported about the mibObjectValueGauge
   Information Element in Template 400 in Template Record.

   The OID for the MIB object tcpCurrEstab from [<a href="./rfc4022" title="&quot;Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)&quot;">RFC4022</a>], Object ID
   "1.3.6.1.2.1.6.9", will be encoded in ASN.1/BER [<a href="#ref-X.690" title="&quot;Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)&quot;">X.690</a>] as
   "06072B060102010609" in the Data Record, which takes 9 octets.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 401         |          Length = 18          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 400       | informationElementIndex = 1   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN = 9    | mibObjectIdentifier ...                       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ... mibObjectIdentifier = "1.3.6.1.2.1.6.9" ...         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   ... 06072B060102010609 ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 22: Example of tcpCurrEstab MIB Field Options Data Set






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   Figure 23 shows the start of the Data Set for exporting the number of
   established TCP connections (see <a href="#section-6.1">Section 6.1</a>).

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 400         |          Length = 52          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    StartTime +   0 seconds                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              10                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    StartTime +  60 seconds                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              14                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    StartTime + 120 seconds                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              19                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    StartTime + 180 seconds                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              16                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    StartTime + 240 seconds                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              23                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    StartTime + 300 seconds                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              29                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                Figure 23: Example of tcpCurrEstab Data Set

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.2" href="#section-6.2">6.2</a>.  Enterprise-Specific MIB Object: Detailing CPU Load History</span>

   For the sake of demonstration, an enterprise-specific MIB object from
   the CISCO-PROCESS-MIB [<a href="#ref-CISCO-PROCESS-MIB">CISCO-PROCESS-MIB</a>] is chosen.  This example
   would be valid with any enterprise-specific MIB module.

   The CPU usage of a remote network device with one CPU could be
   monitored by configuring it to periodically export CPU usage
   information, i.e., the cpmCPUTotal1minRev from the proprietary
   CISCO-PROCESS-MIB, Object ID "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.109.1.1.1.1.7", to a
   centralized Collector.





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   Although the cpmCPUTotal1minRev MIB object is a columnar object in a
   conceptual row, if there is only one CPU no extra information is
   conveyed by providing the index field.  So, in this case, it is
   acceptable to not export the cpmCPUTotalIndex MIB object.  If there
   were multiple CPUs, it would be appropriate to include the
   cpmCPUTotalIndex field and specify the relationship.

   In this example, the Exporter would export an IPFIX Message every
   30 minutes that contained Data Records detailing the CPU 1-minute
   busy average at 1-minute intervals.

   The table of data that is to be exported looks like:

             +-------------------------+---------------------+
             |        TIMESTAMP        | CPU BUSY PERCENTAGE |
             +-------------------------+---------------------+
             | StartTime +   0 seconds |         10%         |
             | StartTime +  60 seconds |         14%         |
             | StartTime + 120 seconds |         19%         |
             | StartTime + 180 seconds |         16%         |
             | StartTime + 240 seconds |         23%         |
             | StartTime + 300 seconds |         29%         |
             +-------------------------+---------------------+

                          Table 3: CPU Usage Data

   The Template Record for such a Data Record will provide details for
   the following two Information Elements:

   1.  flowStartSeconds from [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], Information Element 150: The
       absolute timestamp of the first packet of this Flow.

   2.  A mibObjectValueGauge for cpmCPUTotal1minRev, the overall CPU
       busy percentage in the last 1-minute period.

















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   Figure 24 shows the exported Template Set detailing the
   Template Record for exporting CPU Load (see <a href="#section-6.2">Section 6.2</a>).

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 16          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 402       |        Field Count = 2        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|   IE = flowStartSeconds     |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|   IE = mibObjectValueGauge  |        Field Length = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                Figure 24: Example of CPU Load Template Set

   Figure 25 shows the exported Template Set detailing the MIB Field
   Options Template for exporting CPU Load (see <a href="#section-6.2">Section 6.2</a>).  Note:
   This is identical to the MIB Field Options Template given in
   Figure 21, so the same Template could have been reused.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 403       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 25: Example of CPU Load MIB Field Options Template Set

   Figure 26 shows the exported MIB Field Options Data Set detailing the
   metadata that will be exported about the mibObjectValueGauge
   Information Element in Template 402 in Template Record (see
   <a href="#section-6.2">Section 6.2</a>).

   The OID for the cpmCPUTotal1minRev has been encoded using ASN.1/BER
   to "060D2B0601040109096D0101010107" at 15 octets long.




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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 403         |          Length = 24          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 402       | informationElementIndex = 1   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN = 15   |  mibObjectIdentifier                     ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.109.1.1.1.1.7"             ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               060D2B0601040109096D0101010107             ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                                          ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Figure 26: Example of CPU Load MIB Field Options Data Set

   Note that although cpmCPUTotal1minRev is 32 bits long, reduced-size
   encoding [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>] has been used to encode it within a single octet.
   The encoding size was specified by setting the length for the
   mibObjectValueGauge field to 1 octet in the main Data Template; see
   Figure 24.

   This example stresses that, even though the OID cpmCPUTotal1minRev is
   enterprise-specific, the E bit for the mibObjectValueGauge and
   mibObjectIdentifier is set to 0, because the mibObjectValueGauge and
   mibObjectIdentifier Information Elements are not enterprise-specific.
   That this data is from an Enterprise MIB is included in the OID that
   includes an Enterprise ID.

   The corresponding Data Set does not add any value for this example
   and is therefore not displayed.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.3" href="#section-6.3">6.3</a>.  Exporting a Conceptual Row: The OSPF Neighbor Row</span>

   Many conceptual tables are already defined in standard and
   proprietary MIBs.  These can be exported with a minimum of overhead
   by using the mibObjectValueRow.  This allows the Exporting Process to
   unambiguously define the INDEX for the entire conceptual row as the
   Scope Fields of an Options Template Set.  The use of a MIB Field
   Options Template with mibSubIdentifier being used means that each
   individual columnar object does not need to have its OID exported to
   the Collector.







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   The ospfNbrTable, defined in the OSPF MIB [<a href="./rfc4750" title="&quot;OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base&quot;">RFC4750</a>], consists of
   ospfNbrEntry, which has the OID "1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1".  Each
   mibObjectValueRow Data Record will therefore correspond to an
   ospfNbrEntry.

   The following fields will be exported:

   +------------------+----------------+-------------------------+-----+
   | Object           | ID             | mibObjectValue          | Len |
   +------------------+----------------+-------------------------+-----+
   | ospfNbrIpAddr    | ospfNbrEntry 1 | mibObjectValueIPAddress |  4  |
   | ospfNbrAddress-  | ospfNbrEntry 2 | mibObjectValueInteger   |  4  |
   | -LessIndex       |                |                         |     |
   | ospfNbrRtrId     | ospfNbrEntry 3 | mibObjectValueIPAddress |  4  |
   | ospfNbrState     | ospfNbrEntry 6 | mibObjectValueInteger   |  1  |
   +------------------+----------------+-------------------------+-----+

                   Table 4: OSPF Neighbor Entry Objects

   The OIDs that will be used to export this table are shown in Table 5.

    +------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+
    | Entity           | Full OID              | Exported as         |
    +------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+
    | ospfNbrEntry     | 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1   | 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1 |
    | ospfNbrIpAddr    | 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1.1 | 1                   |
    | ospfNbrAddress-  | 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1.2 | 2                   |
    | -LessIndex       |                       |                     |
    | ospfNbrRtrId     | 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1.3 | 3                   |
    | ospfNbrState     | 1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1.6 | 6                   |
    +------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+

                            Table 5: OSPF OIDs

   Figure 27 shows the Templates exported to support the
   mibObjectValueRow.  Figure 28 shows the example OID Data for the
   conceptual row exported in mibObjectValueRow.  Figure 29 shows the
   example data export for a few neighbors in the table; Figure 29 also
   shows a Data Record formatted as per IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>]
   and using the "undefined" (= 0xFF) semantic from the "IPFIX
   Structured Data Types Semantics" subregistry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>].  Note that
   the OID for ospfNbrEntry has been encoded using ASN.1/BER to
   "06082B060102010E0A01" at 10 octets long.








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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 12          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 500       |         Field Count = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectValueRow      |         Field Length = 16     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 501       |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectValueIPAddress|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 4       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 4       |0| IE = mibObjectValueIPAddress|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 4       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                                     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                     |       Set ID = 3              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Length = 22          |      Template ID = 502        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Count = 3        |  Scope Field Count = 2        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = templateId             |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = informationElementIndex|        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+












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     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 503       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibSubIdentifier       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Figure 27: Example of ospfNbrEntry Template and Options Template Sets

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 502         |          Length = 20          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 500       | informationElementIndex = 0   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN = 10   | mibObjectIdentifier = "1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1"   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                  06082B060102010E0A01                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                               | Padding = 0   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 503         |          Length = 28          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       templateId = 501        |  informationElementIndex = 0  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     mibSubIdentifier = 1      |        templateId = 501       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex = 1  |      mibSubIdentifier = 2     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       templateId = 501        |  informationElementIndex = 2  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     mibSubIdentifier = 3      |        templateId = 501       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex = 3  |      mibSubIdentifier = 6     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            Figure 28: Example of ospfNbrEntry OID Data Export




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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 500         |          Length = 52          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 501         |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrIpAddr = 192.0.2.1               |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrAddressLessIndex = 0             |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrRtrId = 1.1.1.1                  |ospfNbrState=8 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 501         |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrIpAddr = 192.0.2.2               |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrAddressLessIndex = 0             |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrRtrId = 2.2.2.2                  |ospfNbrState=8 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 501         |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrIpAddr = 192.0.2.3               |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrAddressLessIndex = 0             |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrRtrId = 3.3.3.3                  |ospfNbrState=1 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            Figure 29: Example of Data Export for ospfNbrEntry

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.4" href="#section-6.4">6.4</a>.  Exporting Augmented Conceptual Row: Mapping IF-MIB ID to Name</span>

   The ifTable, defined in the IF-MIB [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>], is augmented by the
   ifXTable (defined in the same MIB module).

   The OID of the ifEntry is 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1, which is encoded using
   ASN.1/BER to "06082B06010201020201" at 10 octets long, while the OID
   of the augmenting ifXEntry is 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1, which is encoded
   using ASN.1/BER to "060A2B060102011F01010101" at 12 octets long.

   This example demonstrates how columnar objects from the base
   conceptual row and the augmenting row can be exported in a single
   mibObjectValueRow Information Element.






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   Table 6 shows the fields that will be exported.

        +---------+------------------+-------+-------------------+
        | ifIndex | ifType           | ifMtu | ifName            |
        +---------+------------------+-------+-------------------+
        | 1       | ethernetCsmacd:6 | 1500  | Ethernet 10       |
        | 2       | ethernetCsmacd:6 | 1500  | Ethernet 20       |
        | 3       | ethernetCsmacd:6 | 1500  | FastEthernet 30   |
        +---------+------------------+-------+-------------------+

                           Table 6: IF-MIB Data

   The OIDs that will be used to export this table are shown in Table 7.

   +---------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
   | Entity  | Full OID               | Exported as                    |
   +---------+------------------------+--------------------------------+
   | ifEntry | 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1      | OID   = 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1      |
   | ifIndex | 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1    | subID = 1                      |
   | ifType  | 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.3    | subID = 3                      |
   | ifMtu   | 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.4    | subID = 4                      |
   | ifName  | 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1 | OID   = 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1 |
   +---------+------------------------+--------------------------------+

                           Table 7: IF-MIB OIDs

   Figure 30 shows the Templates exported to support the
   mibObjectValueRow Information Element.  Figure 31 shows the example
   OID Data for the conceptual row exported in mibObjectValueRow to
   match Table 7.  Figure 32 shows the example data export as per
   Table 6.




















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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 12          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 600       |         Field Count = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectValueRow      |         Field Length = 24     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 601       |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 1       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 1       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0|IE =mibObjectValueOctetString|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                                     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                     |       Set ID = 3              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Length = 22          |      Template ID = 602        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Count = 3        |   Scope Field Count = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = templateId             |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = informationElementIndex|        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+












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     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 603       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibSubIdentifier       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

           Figure 30: Example of Augmented ifEntry Template and
                           Options Template Sets



































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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 602         |          Length = 40          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 600       | informationElementIndex = 0   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN = 10   | mibObjectIdentifier ...                       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              ifEntry = 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              06082B06010201020201             |   Padding = 0 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId = 601       | informationElementIndex = 3   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN = 12   | mibObjectIdentifier ifName ...                |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              ifName = 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1                  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              060A2B060102011F01010101                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               |                  Padding = 0                  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 603         |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       templateId = 601        |  informationElementIndex = 0  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     mibSubIdentifier = 1      |        templateId = 601       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex = 1  |      mibSubIdentifier = 3     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       templateId = 601        |  informationElementIndex = 2  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     mibSubIdentifier = 4      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

          Figure 31: Example of Augmented ifEntry OID Data Export












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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 600         |          Length = 68          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 601         | ifIndex = 1   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ifType = 6              |        ifMtu = 1500           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Length = 11  |      ifName = Ethernet 10                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 601         | ifIndex = 2   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ifType = 6              |        ifMtu = 1500           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Length = 11  |      ifName = Ethernet 20                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 601         | ifIndex = 3   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ifType = 6              |        ifMtu = 1500           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Length = 15  |      ifName = FastEthernet 30                 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        ...                                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

          Figure 32: Example of Data Export for Augmented ifEntry












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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>           Exporting MIB Variables with IPFIX           May 2017</span>


<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.5" href="#section-6.5">6.5</a>.  Exporting a Columnar Object: ipIfStatsInForwDatagrams</span>

   It may be that the full set of columnar objects that are supported by
   a conceptual row are not required to be exported.  Rather than use
   the IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>] method, the mibIndexIndicator
   method can be used to provide the relationship between fields.

   This example shows the MIB objects that are part of the INDEX of the
   conceptual row being exported in the correct order and then being
   referred to by using mibIndexIndicator.

   This example shows the export of ipIfStatsInForwDatagrams from the
   IP-MIB [<a href="./rfc4293" title="&quot;Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol (IP)&quot;">RFC4293</a>].  ipIfStatsInForwDatagrams is a columnar object that
   is part of the ipIfStatsTable conceptual table.  This is comprised of
   ipIfStatsEntry conceptual rows.

   The ipIfStatsTable conceptual table is indexed by ipIfStatsIPVersion
   and ipIfStatsIfIndex.

   The Options Template Record for the example Data Record contains the
   following Information Elements:

   1.  ipIfStatsIPVersion (1.3.6.1.2.1.4.31.3.1.1) (Scope Field)
       (encoded using ASN.1/BER to "060A2B06010201041F030101" at
       12 octets long)

   2.  ipIfStatsIfIndex (1.3.6.1.2.1.4.31.3.1.2) (Scope Field)
       (encoded using ASN.1/BER to "060A2B06010201041F030102" at
       12 octets long)

   3.  ipIfStatsInForwDatagrams (1.3.6.1.2.1.4.31.3.1.12) (non-Scope
       Field)
       (encoded using ASN.1/BER to "060A2B06010201041F03010C" at
       12 octets long)

   Note that ipIfStatsIfIndex has been reduced-size encoded to 2 octets
   in the following example.  An exporting device with more interfaces
   would use the full length.













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   Figure 33 shows the exported Options Template Set.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 701       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     Scope Field Count = 2     |0|Scope 1=mibObjectValueInteger|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field 1 Length = 1    |0|Scope 2=mibObjectValueInteger|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field 1 Length = 2    |0| IE = mibObjectValueCounter  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |           Field Length = 4    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    Figure 33: Example of an Options Template for an Indexed MIB Object
                          with Two Index Objects

   Figure 34 shows the exported MIB Field Options Template used to
   export the required mibObjectValue Information Element metadata.
   This example of the MIB Field Options Template includes the
   mibIndexIndicator to indicate that some of the other fields in the
   Data Records are index objects.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 702       |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibIndexIndicator      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 1       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 34: Example of a MIB Field Options Template for an Indexed
                     MIB Object with Two Index Objects




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   Figure 35 shows the exported MIB Field Options Data used to export
   the required mibObjectValue Information Element metadata.  Note that
   the first two Data Records have all their mibIndexIndicator bits set
   to 0.  The third mibIndexIndicator has the value "00000011" to show
   that the first two fields in the Data Record are the INDEXes for this
   columnar object.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 702         |          Length = 58          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 701       | informationElementIndex = 0   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Index 00000000 | VLEN = 12     | mibObjectIdentifier       ... |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              "1.3.6.1.2.1.4.31.3.1.1"                     ... |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               060A2B06010201041F030101                    ... |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                               |        templateId = 701       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | informationElementIndex = 1   |Index 00000000 |   VLEN = 12   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibObjectIdentifier = "1.3.6.1.2.1.4.31.3.1.2"           ... |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                         060A2B06010201041F030102          ... |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                                           ... |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        templateId = 701       | informationElementIndex = 2   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Index 00000011 |  VLEN = 12   | mibObjectIdentifier      ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                  "1.3.6.1.2.1.4.31.3.1.12"               ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                   060A2B06010201041F03010C               ...  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 35: Example of a MIB Field Options Data Set for an Indexed
                     MIB Object with Two Index Objects








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   Figure 36 shows the Data Records that export the values of the three
   mibObjectValue Information Elements.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 701         |          Length = 18          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | ipVer = 1     |     ifIndex = 10              |  ...          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    InForwDatagrams = 10000                    | ipVer = 2     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    ifIndex = 10               | InForwDatagrams = 20000       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             ...               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 36: Example of a MIB Data Set for an Indexed MIB Object
                          with Two Index Objects

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.6" href="#section-6.6">6.6</a>.  Exporting a Columnar Object Indexed by Information Elements:</span>
<span class="h3">      ifOutQLen</span>

   If a Packet Sampling (PSAMP) Packet Report [<a href="./rfc5476" title="&quot;Packet Sampling (PSAMP) Protocol Specifications&quot;">RFC5476</a>] was generated on
   any dropped packets on an interface, then it may be desirable to know
   if the send queue on the output interface was full.  This could be
   done by exporting the size of the send queue (ifOutQLen) in the same
   Data Record as the PSAMP Packet Report.

   The exported data looks like:

   +-----------+-----------+---------+--------------+------------------+
   |  SRC ADDR |  DST ADDR | PKT LEN |    OUTPUT    | OUTPUT QUEUE LEN |
   |           |           |         |  INTERFACE   |   (ifOutQLen)    |
   +-----------+-----------+---------+--------------+------------------+
   | 192.0.2.1 | 192.0.2.3 |   150   | Eth 1/0 (15) |        45        |
   | 192.0.2.4 | 192.0.2.9 |   350   | Eth 1/0 (15) |        45        |
   | 192.0.2.3 | 192.0.2.9 |   650   | Eth 1/0 (15) |        23        |
   | 192.0.2.4 | 192.0.2.6 |   350   | Eth 1/1 (16) |         0        |
   +-----------+-----------+---------+--------------+------------------+

         Table 8: Packet Report with Interface Output Queue Length
                             (ifOutQLen) Data

   The ifOutQLen MIB object, defined in the IF-MIB [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>], provides
   the length of the output packet queue.  This columnar object is part
   of the ifEntry conceptual row and indexed by the interface index
   (ifIndex).



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   This relationship between the ifOutQLen field and the index field is
   exported using mibIndexIndicator in the MIB Field Options Template.
   The value of "00001000" flags the index fields concisely.

   The Template Record for the example Data Record contains the
   following Information Elements:

   1.  sourceIPv4Address

   2.  destinationIPv4Address

   3.  totalLengthIPv4

   4.  egressInterface

   5.  ifOutQLen (indexed by egressInterface)

   Figure 37 shows the exported Template Set detailing the Template for
   exporting a PSAMP Report with ifOutQLen.  Figures 38 and 39 show the
   MIB Field Options Template and Data Record.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 28          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 703       |        Field Count = 5        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = sourceIPv4Address      |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = destinationIPv4Address |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = totalLengthIPv4        |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = egressInterface        |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectValueGauge    |        Field Length = 4       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 37: Example of Template for a PSAMP Report with ifOutQLen
                        Indexed by egressInterface










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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 704       |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibIndexIndicator      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 1       |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    Figure 38: Example of MIB Field Options Template for a PSAMP Report
                 with ifOutQLen Indexed by egressInterface

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 704         |          Length = 21          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 703       | informationElementIndex = 4   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Index 00001000  | VLEN = 11    | mibObjectIdentifier    ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             "1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.21"                     ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              06092B0601020102020115                    ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 39: Example of MIB Field Options Data Record for a PSAMP
             Report with ifOutQLen Indexed by egressInterface

   The corresponding IPFIX Data Record is shown in Figure 40.  For the
   sake of the example, the interface index of "Eth 1/0" is 15 and the
   interface index of "Eth 1/1" is 16.








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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 703         |          Length = 84          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.1                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.3                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                             150                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        15 (Eth 1/0)                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              45                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.4                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.9                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                             350                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        15 (Eth 1/0)                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              45                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.3                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.9                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                             650                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        15 (Eth 1/0)                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              23                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.4                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                          192.0.2.6                            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                             350                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        16 (Eth 1/1)                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                               0                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Figure 40: Example of PSAMP Packet Report with ifOutQLen
                        Indexed by egressInterface



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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.7" href="#section-6.7">6.7</a>.  Exporting with Multiple Contexts: The OSPF Neighbor Row Revisited</span>

   If the context used to export the MIB objects is the default one, no
   extra context fields are required.  This example demonstrates how to
   handle the case when the context needs to be specified.  It is based
   on the previous example (<a href="#section-6.3">Section 6.3</a>).

   The OSPF details of the conceptual row that was exported per
   <a href="#section-6.3">Section 6.3</a> would be suitable if there were only one OSPF process
   running at the Observation Point.  If multiple OSPF processes are
   present, then they can be differentiated by also exporting the
   mibContextEngineID and mibContextName.

   The following fields will be exported:

   +------------------+----------------+-------------------------+-----+
   | Object           | ID             | mibObjectValue          | Len |
   +------------------+----------------+-------------------------+-----+
   | ospfNbrIpAddr    | ospfNbrEntry 1 | mibObjectValueIPAddress |  4  |
   | ospfNbrAddress-  | ospfNbrEntry 2 | mibObjectValueInteger   |  4  |
   | -LessIndex       |                |                         |     |
   | ospfNbrRtrId     | ospfNbrEntry 3 | mibObjectValueIPAddress |  4  |
   | ospfNbrState     | ospfNbrEntry 6 | mibObjectValueInteger   |  1  |
   +------------------+----------------+-------------------------+-----+

                   Table 9: OSPF Neighbor Entry Objects

   The example contextEngineID matches the example from [<a href="./rfc3411" title="&quot;An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks&quot;">RFC3411</a>] for
   Acme Networks: "'800002B804616263'H (enterprise 696, string "abc")".

   Figure 41 shows the Templates exported to support a mibObjectValueRow
   that is defined within a context.  Figure 42 shows the example OID
   Data for the conceptual row exported in mibObjectValueRow.  These are
   unchanged from the previous example (<a href="#section-6.3">Section 6.3</a>).  Figure 43 shows
   the example data for two OSPF neighbors.  Although these have
   identical INDEX/scope values, the context information indicates that
   they come from different OSPF processes.  Note that the OID for
   ospfNbrEntry has been encoded using ASN.1/BER to
   "06082B060102010E0A01" at 10 octets long.












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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 2           |          Length = 20          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 800       |         Field Count = 3       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibContextEngineID     |         Field Length = 8      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibContextName         |         Field Length = 4      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectValueRow      |         Field Length = 16     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 26          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 801       |        Field Count = 4        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = mibObjectValueIPAddress|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 4       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 4       |0| IE = mibObjectValueIPAddress|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 4       |0| IE = mibObjectValueInteger  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 1       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                                     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                     |       Set ID = 3              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Length = 22          |      Template ID = 802        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Count = 3        |  Scope Field Count = 2        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = templateId             |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = informationElementIndex|        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0| IE = mibObjectIdentifier    |        Field Length = 65535   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+








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     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 3           |          Length = 22          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 803       |        Field Count = 3        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Scope Field Count = 2       |0| IE = templateId             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = informationElementIndex|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |0| IE = mibSubIdentifier       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Field Length = 2       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Figure 41: Example of ospfNbrEntry Template and Options Template Sets
                               with Context

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 802         |          Length = 20          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Template ID = 800       | informationElementIndex = 2   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   VLEN = 10   | mibObjectIdentifier = "1.3.6.1.2.1.14.10.1"   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                     06082B060102010E0A01                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                               | Padding = 0   |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 803         |          Length = 28          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       templateId = 801        |  informationElementIndex = 0  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     mibSubIdentifier = 1      |        templateId = 801       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex = 1  |      mibSubIdentifier = 2     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       templateId = 801        |  informationElementIndex = 2  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     mibSubIdentifier = 3      |        templateId = 801       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  informationElementIndex = 3  |      mibSubIdentifier = 6     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 42: Example of ospfNbrEntry OID Data Export with Context



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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          Set ID = 800         |          Length = 60          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibContextEngineID = 800002B804616263                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  ... mibContextEngineID                                       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibContextName = con1                                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 801         |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrIpAddr = 192.0.2.1               |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrAddressLessIndex = 0             |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrRtrId = 1.1.1.1                  |ospfNbrState=8 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibContextEngineID = 800002B804616263                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  ... mibContextEngineID                                       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  mibContextName = con2                                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Semantic=0xFF  |     Template ID = 801         |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrIpAddr = 192.0.2.2               |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrAddressLessIndex = 0             |        ...    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       ospfNbrRtrId = 2.2.2.2                  |ospfNbrState=8 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 43: Example of Data Export for ospfNbrEntry with Context

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>.  Configuration Considerations</span>

   When configuring a MIB OID for export, consideration should be given
   to whether the SNMP context should also be configurable.  If a
   non-default context is used, then it should be associated with the
   fields as per <a href="#section-5.6">Section 5.6</a>.









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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>.  The Collecting Process's Side</span>

   The specifications in <a href="./rfc7011#section-9">Section&nbsp;9 of [RFC7011]</a> also apply to Collectors
   that implement this specification.  In addition, the following
   specifications should be noted:

   o  A Collecting Process that implements this specification MUST store
      the Data Records containing the OID object type definitions with
      the same retention policy as Templates.

   o  A Collecting Process that implements this specification SHOULD
      have access to MIB modules in order to look up the received MIB
      Object Identifiers and find the full type definition and name of
      MIB OID fields used in received Templates.

   o  It should be noted that, because reduced-size encoding MAY be used
      by the Exporting Process, the Collecting Process cannot assume
      that a received size for a field is the maximum size it should
      expect for that field.

   o  If a Collecting Process receives a MIB Object Identifier that it
      cannot decode, it MAY log a warning.

   o  A Collecting Process MUST support the three options for handling
      columnar objects detailed in <a href="#section-5.8">Section 5.8</a>.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>.  Applicability</span>

   Making available the many and varied items from MIB modules opens up
   a wide range of possible applications for the IPFIX protocol, some
   quite different from the usual Flow information.

   Some monitoring applications periodically export a mapping of
   interface ID to interface name using IPFIX Options Templates.  This
   could be expanded to include the ifInUcastPkts MIB object as defined
   in the IF-MIB [<a href="./rfc2863" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB&quot;">RFC2863</a>], indexed using the ingressInterface
   Information Element.  This would provide the input statistics for
   each interface; these statistics can be compared to the Flow
   information to ensure that the sampling rate is as expected, or, in
   the absence of sampling, to ensure that all expected packets are
   being monitored.










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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-10" href="#section-10">10</a>.  Security Considerations</span>

   For this extension to the IPFIX protocol, the same security
   considerations as those for the IPFIX protocol apply [<a href="./rfc7011" title="&quot;Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information&quot;">RFC7011</a>].

   If the Exporter is generating or capturing the field values itself,
   e.g., using the MIB objects only as an encoding or type mechanism,
   there are no extra security considerations beyond standard IPFIX.

   However, if the Exporter is implemented as an SNMP manager accessing
   an SNMP agent, it MUST authenticate itself to the SNMP agent
   [<a href="./rfc3414" title="&quot;User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)&quot;">RFC3414</a>] [<a href="./rfc5591" title="&quot;Transport Security Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">RFC5591</a>] [<a href="./rfc5592" title="&quot;Secure Shell Transport Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">RFC5592</a>] [<a href="./rfc6353" title="&quot;Transport Layer Security (TLS) Transport Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">RFC6353</a>], and the SNMP agent MUST
   enforce SNMP access control rules [<a href="./rfc3415" title="&quot;View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">RFC3415</a>] as required by the SNMP
   architecture [<a href="./rfc3411" title="&quot;An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks&quot;">RFC3411</a>].

   Access to particular MIB objects is controlled by the configuration
   of the IPFIX Exporter.  This is consistent with the way IPFIX
   controls access to other Information Elements in general.

   The configuration of an IPFIX Exporter determines which MIB objects
   are included in IPFIX Data Records sent to certain Collectors.
   Network operators should take care that the only MIB objects that are
   included in IPFIX Data Records are objects that the receiving
   Collector is allowed to receive.  Note that multiple users may have
   access to the data from the Collector.

   When exporting MIB objects that may be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in some network environments (as mentioned in the Security
   Considerations section of the RFC containing the MIB module), the
   Exporter should consider using anonymization techniques per [<a href="./rfc6235" title="&quot;IP Flow Anonymization Support&quot;">RFC6235</a>]
   if the information is anonymizable.  Consumers of exported data
   should therefore be able to handle the kinds of data modifications
   that are described in [<a href="./rfc6235" title="&quot;IP Flow Anonymization Support&quot;">RFC6235</a>].


















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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-11" href="#section-11">11</a>.  IANA Considerations</span>

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.1" href="#section-11.1">11.1</a>.  New IPFIX Semantics</span>

   New IPFIX semantics have been allocated in IANA's IPFIX registry
   [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>] per <a href="./rfc7012#section-6">Section&nbsp;6 of [RFC7012]</a>, as defined in the
   subsections below.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.1.1" href="#section-11.1.1">11.1.1</a>.  snmpCounter</span>

   An integral value reporting the value of a counter, identical to the
   Counter32 and Counter64 semantics in [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>], as determined by the
   Field Length.

   This is similar to IPFIX's totalCounter semantic, except that total
   counters have an initial value of 0 but SNMP counters do not.

   IANA has assigned value 7 to snmpCounter.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.1.2" href="#section-11.1.2">11.1.2</a>.  snmpGauge</span>

   An integral value identical to the Gauge32 semantic in [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>] and
   the Gauge64 semantic in [<a href="./rfc2856" title="&quot;Textual Conventions for Additional High Capacity Data Types&quot;">RFC2856</a>], as determined by the Field Length.

   IANA has assigned value 8 to snmpGauge.


























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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2" href="#section-11.2">11.2</a>.  New IPFIX Information Elements</span>

   The new Information Elements in Table 10 have been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], as defined in the subsections
   below.

   In each case, the "Units" and "Range" have been left blank, since
   these are not applicable.

                 +-----------+---------------------------+
                 | ElementId | Name                      |
                 +-----------+---------------------------+
                 | 434       | mibObjectValueInteger     |
                 | 435       | mibObjectValueOctetString |
                 | 436       | mibObjectValueOID         |
                 | 437       | mibObjectValueBits        |
                 | 438       | mibObjectValueIPAddress   |
                 | 439       | mibObjectValueCounter     |
                 | 440       | mibObjectValueGauge       |
                 | 441       | mibObjectValueTimeTicks   |
                 | 442       | mibObjectValueUnsigned    |
                 | 443       | mibObjectValueTable       |
                 | 444       | mibObjectValueRow         |
                 | 445       | mibObjectIdentifier       |
                 | 446       | mibSubIdentifier          |
                 | 447       | mibIndexIndicator         |
                 | 448       | mibCaptureTimeSemantics   |
                 | 449       | mibContextEngineID        |
                 | 450       | mibContextName            |
                 | 451       | mibObjectName             |
                 | 452       | mibObjectDescription      |
                 | 453       | mibObjectSyntax           |
                 | 454       | mibModuleName             |
                 +-----------+---------------------------+

                    Table 10: New Information Elements

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1" href="#section-11.2.1">11.2.1</a>.  New MIB Object Value Information Elements</span>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.1" href="#section-11.2.1.1">11.2.1.1</a>.  mibObjectValueInteger</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueInteger" has been allocated
   in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that the
      integer value of a MIB object will be exported.  The MIB Object
      Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be exported
      in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This Information



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      Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax of Integer32
      and INTEGER with IPFIX reduced-size encoding used as required.
      The value is encoded as per the standard IPFIX Abstract Data Type
      of signed32.

      Abstract Data Type: signed32

      Data Type Semantics: quantity

      ElementId: 434

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.2" href="#section-11.2.1.2">11.2.1.2</a>.  mibObjectValueOctetString</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueOctetString" has been
   allocated in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following
   definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that an
      Octet String or Opaque value of a MIB object will be exported.
      The MIB Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field
      MUST be exported in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This
      Information Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax
      of OCTET STRING and Opaque.  The value is encoded as per the
      standard IPFIX Abstract Data Type of octetArray.

      Abstract Data Type: octetArray

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 435

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.3" href="#section-11.2.1.3">11.2.1.3</a>.  mibObjectValueOID</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueOID" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that an
      Object Identifier or OID value of a MIB object will be exported.
      The MIB Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field
      MUST be exported in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This



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      Information Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax
      of OBJECT IDENTIFIER.  Note: In this case, the
      "mibObjectIdentifier" defines which MIB object is being exported,
      and the "mibObjectValueOID" field will contain the OID value of
      that MIB object.  The mibObjectValueOID Information Element is
      encoded as ASN.1/BER [<a href="#ref-X.690" title="&quot;Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)&quot;">X.690</a>] in an octetArray.

      Abstract Data Type: octetArray

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 436

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.4" href="#section-11.2.1.4">11.2.1.4</a>.  mibObjectValueBits</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueBits" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that a set
      of Enumerated flags or bits from a MIB object will be exported.
      The MIB Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field
      MUST be exported in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This
      Information Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax
      of BITS.  The flags or bits are encoded as per the standard IPFIX
      Abstract Data Type of octetArray, with sufficient length to
      accommodate the required number of bits.  If the number of bits is
      not an integer multiple of octets, then the most significant bits
      at the end of the octetArray MUST be set to 0.

      Abstract Data Type: octetArray

      Data Type Semantics: flags

      ElementId: 437

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>









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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.5" href="#section-11.2.1.5">11.2.1.5</a>.  mibObjectValueIPAddress</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueIPAddress" has been
   allocated in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following
   definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that the
      IPv4 address value of a MIB object will be exported.  The MIB
      Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be
      exported in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This
      Information Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax
      of IpAddress.  The value is encoded as per the standard IPFIX
      Abstract Data Type of ipv4Address.

      Abstract Data Type: ipv4Address

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 438

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.6" href="#section-11.2.1.6">11.2.1.6</a>.  mibObjectValueCounter</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueCounter" has been allocated
   in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that the
      counter value of a MIB object will be exported.  The MIB Object
      Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be exported
      in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This Information
      Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax of Counter32
      or Counter64 with IPFIX reduced-size encoding used as required.
      The value is encoded as per the standard IPFIX Abstract Data Type
      of unsigned64.

      Abstract Data Type: unsigned64

      Data Type Semantics: snmpCounter

      ElementId: 439

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>




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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.7" href="#section-11.2.1.7">11.2.1.7</a>.  mibObjectValueGauge</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueGauge" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that the
      Gauge value of a MIB object will be exported.  The MIB Object
      Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be exported
      in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This Information
      Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax of Gauge32.
      The value is encoded as per the standard IPFIX Abstract Data Type
      of unsigned32.  This value represents a non-negative integer that
      may increase or decrease but that shall never exceed a maximum
      value or fall below a minimum value.

      Abstract Data Type: unsigned32

      Data Type Semantics: snmpGauge

      ElementId: 440

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.8" href="#section-11.2.1.8">11.2.1.8</a>.  mibObjectValueTimeTicks</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueTimeTicks" has been
   allocated in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following
   definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that the
      TimeTicks value of a MIB object will be exported.  The MIB Object
      Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be exported
      in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This Information
      Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax of TimeTicks.
      The value is encoded as per the standard IPFIX Abstract Data Type
      of unsigned32.

      Abstract Data Type: unsigned32

      Data Type Semantics: quantity

      ElementId: 441

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>



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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.9" href="#section-11.2.1.9">11.2.1.9</a>.  mibObjectValueUnsigned</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueUnsigned" has been allocated
   in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that an
      unsigned integer value of a MIB object will be exported.  The MIB
      Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be
      exported in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This
      Information Element is used for MIB objects with the Base syntax
      of unsigned32 with IPFIX reduced-size encoding used as required.
      The value is encoded as per the standard IPFIX Abstract Data Type
      of unsigned32.

      Abstract Data Type: unsigned32

      Data Type Semantics: quantity

      ElementId: 442

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.10" href="#section-11.2.1.10">11.2.1.10</a>.  mibObjectValueTable</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueTable" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that a
      complete or partial conceptual table will be exported.  The MIB
      Object Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be
      exported in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This
      Information Element is used for MIB objects with a syntax of
      SEQUENCE OF.  This is encoded as a subTemplateList of
      mibObjectValue Information Elements.  The Template specified in
      the subTemplateList MUST be an Options Template and MUST include
      all the objects listed in the INDEX clause as Scope Fields.

      Abstract Data Type: subTemplateList

      Data Type Semantics: list

      ElementId: 443

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>



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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.1.11" href="#section-11.2.1.11">11.2.1.11</a>.  mibObjectValueRow</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectValueRow" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that a
      single row of a conceptual table will be exported.  The MIB Object
      Identifier ("mibObjectIdentifier") for this field MUST be exported
      in a MIB Field Option or via another means.  This Information
      Element is used for MIB objects with a syntax of SEQUENCE.  This
      is encoded as a subTemplateList of mibObjectValue Information
      Elements.  The subTemplateList exported MUST contain exactly one
      row (i.e., one instance of the subTemplate).  The Template
      specified in the subTemplateList MUST be an Options Template and
      MUST include all the objects listed in the INDEX clause as Scope
      Fields.

      Abstract Data Type: subTemplateList

      Data Type Semantics: list

      ElementId: 444

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2" href="#section-11.2.2">11.2.2</a>.  New MIB Field Options Information Elements</span>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2.1" href="#section-11.2.2.1">11.2.2.1</a>.  mibObjectIdentifier</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectIdentifier" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An IPFIX Information Element that denotes that a MIB
      Object Identifier (MIB OID) is exported in the (Options)
      Template Record.  The mibObjectIdentifier Information Element
      contains the OID assigned to the MIB object type definition
      encoded as ASN.1/BER [<a href="#ref-X.690" title="&quot;Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)&quot;">X.690</a>].

      Abstract Data Type: octetArray

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 445






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      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2.2" href="#section-11.2.2.2">11.2.2.2</a>.  mibSubIdentifier</span>

   A new Information Element "mibSubIdentifier" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: A non-negative sub-identifier of an Object Identifier
      (OID).

      Abstract Data Type: unsigned32

      Data Type Semantics: identifier

      ElementId: 446

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2.3" href="#section-11.2.2.3">11.2.2.3</a>.  mibIndexIndicator</span>

   A new Information Element "mibIndexIndicator" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: A set of bit fields that is used for marking the
      Information Elements of a Data Record that serve as INDEX MIB
      objects for an indexed columnar MIB object.  Each bit represents
      an Information Element in the Data Record, with the n-th least
      significant bit representing the n-th Information Element.  A bit
      set to 1 indicates that the corresponding Information Element is
      an index of the columnar object represented by the mibObjectValue.
      A bit set to 0 indicates that this is not the case.

      If the Data Record contains more than 64 Information Elements, the
      corresponding Template SHOULD be designed such that all index
      fields are among the first 64 Information Elements, because the
      mibIndexIndicator only contains 64 bits.  If the Data Record
      contains less than 64 Information Elements, then the extra bits in
      the mibIndexIndicator for which no corresponding Information
      Element exists MUST have the value 0 and must be disregarded by
      the Collector.  This Information Element may be exported with
      IPFIX reduced-size encoding.






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      Abstract Data Type: unsigned64

      Data Type Semantics: flags

      ElementId: 447

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2.4" href="#section-11.2.2.4">11.2.2.4</a>.  mibCaptureTimeSemantics</span>

   A new Information Element "mibCaptureTimeSemantics" has been
   allocated in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following
   definition:

      Description: Indicates when in the lifetime of the Flow the MIB
      value was retrieved from the MIB for a mibObjectIdentifier.  This
      is used to indicate if the value exported was collected from the
      MIB closer to Flow creation or Flow export time and refers to the
      Timestamp fields included in the same Data Record.  This field
      SHOULD be used when exporting a mibObjectValue that specifies
      counters or statistics.

      If the MIB value was sampled by SNMP prior to the IPFIX Metering
      Process or Exporting Process retrieving the value (i.e., the data
      is already stale) and it is important to know the exact sampling
      time, then an additional observationTime* element should be paired
      with the OID using IPFIX Structured Data [<a href="./rfc6313" title="&quot;Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)&quot;">RFC6313</a>].  Similarly, if
      different MIB capture times apply to different mibObjectValue
      elements within the Data Record, then individual
      mibCaptureTimeSemantics Information Elements should be paired with
      each OID using IPFIX Structured Data.


















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      Values:

         0  undefined

         1  begin - The value for the MIB object is captured from the
            MIB when the Flow is first observed

         2  end - The value for the MIB object is captured from the MIB
            when the Flow ends

         3  export - The value for the MIB object is captured from the
            MIB at export time

         4  average - The value for the MIB object is an average of
            multiple captures from the MIB over the observed life of
            the Flow

      Abstract Data Type: unsigned8

      Data Type Semantics: identifier

      ElementId: 448

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2.5" href="#section-11.2.2.5">11.2.2.5</a>.  mibContextEngineID</span>

   A new Information Element "mibContextEngineID" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: A mibContextEngineID that specifies the SNMP
      engine ID for a MIB field being exported over IPFIX.  Definition
      as per <a href="./rfc3411#section-3.3">[RFC3411], Section&nbsp;3.3</a>.

      Abstract Data Type: octetArray

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 449

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>






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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.2.6" href="#section-11.2.2.6">11.2.2.6</a>.  mibContextName</span>

   A new Information Element "mibContextName" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: An Information Element that denotes that a MIB
      context name is specified for a MIB field being exported over
      IPFIX.  Reference <a href="./rfc3411#section-3.3">[RFC3411], Section&nbsp;3.3</a>.

      Abstract Data Type: string

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 450

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.3" href="#section-11.2.3">11.2.3</a>.  New MIB Type Information Elements</span>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.3.1" href="#section-11.2.3.1">11.2.3.1</a>.  mibObjectName</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectName" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: The name (called a descriptor in [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>]) of an
      object type definition.

      Abstract Data Type: string

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 451

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>













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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.3.2" href="#section-11.2.3.2">11.2.3.2</a>.  mibObjectDescription</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectDescription" has been allocated
   in IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: The value of the DESCRIPTION clause of a MIB object
      type definition.

      Abstract Data Type: string

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 452

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.3.3" href="#section-11.2.3.3">11.2.3.3</a>.  mibObjectSyntax</span>

   A new Information Element "mibObjectSyntax" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: The value of the SYNTAX clause of a MIB object type
      definition, which may include a textual convention or sub-typing.
      See [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>].

      Abstract Data Type: string

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 453

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>















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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-11.2.3.4" href="#section-11.2.3.4">11.2.3.4</a>.  mibModuleName</span>

   A new Information Element "mibModuleName" has been allocated in
   IANA's IPFIX registry [<a href="#ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>], with the following definition:

      Description: The textual name of the MIB module that defines a MIB
      object.

      Abstract Data Type: string

      Data Type Semantics: default

      ElementId: 454

      Status: current

      Reference: <a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-12" href="#section-12">12</a>.  References</span>

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-12.1" href="#section-12.1">12.1</a>.  Normative References</span>

   [<a id="ref-IANA-IPFIX">IANA-IPFIX</a>]
              IANA, "IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities",
              &lt;<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix/">http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix/</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2119">RFC2119</a>]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2578">RFC2578</a>]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management Information
              Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, <a href="./rfc2578">RFC 2578</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2578, April 1999,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2578">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2578</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2856">RFC2856</a>]  Bierman, A., McCloghrie, K., and R. Presuhn, "Textual
              Conventions for Additional High Capacity Data Types",
              <a href="./rfc2856">RFC 2856</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC2856, June 2000,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2856">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2856</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC3411">RFC3411</a>]  Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An
              Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management
              Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks", STD 62, <a href="./rfc3411">RFC 3411</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3411, December 2002,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3411">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3411</a>&gt;.




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   [<a id="ref-RFC6526">RFC6526</a>]  Claise, B., Aitken, P., Johnson, A., and G. Muenz,
              "IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Per Stream Control
              Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Stream", <a href="./rfc6526">RFC 6526</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6526, March 2012,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6526">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6526</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC7011">RFC7011</a>]  Claise, B., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and P. Aitken,
              "Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)
              Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77,
              <a href="./rfc7011">RFC 7011</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC7011, September 2013,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7011">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7011</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC7012">RFC7012</a>]  Claise, B., Ed., and B. Trammell, Ed., "Information Model
              for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)", <a href="./rfc7012">RFC 7012</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7012, September 2013,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7012">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7012</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-X.690">X.690</a>]    International Telecommunication Union, "Information
              Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic
              Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and
              Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)", ITU-T Recommendation
              X.690, ISO/IEC 8825-1, August 2015,
              &lt;<a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690">https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690</a>&gt;.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-12.2" href="#section-12.2">12.2</a>.  Informative References</span>

   [<a id="ref-CISCO-PROCESS-MIB">CISCO-PROCESS-MIB</a>]
              Cisco Systems Inc., "CISCO-PROCESS-MIB.my: MIB for CPU and
              process statistics", &lt;<a href="ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/CISCO-PROCESS-MIB.my">ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/</a>
              <a href="ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/CISCO-PROCESS-MIB.my">CISCO-PROCESS-MIB.my</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2863">RFC2863</a>]  McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group
              MIB", <a href="./rfc2863">RFC 2863</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC2863, June 2000,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2863">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2863</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2982">RFC2982</a>]  Kavasseri, R., Ed., "Distributed Management Expression
              MIB", <a href="./rfc2982">RFC 2982</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC2982, October 2000,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2982">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2982</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC3414">RFC3414</a>]  Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model
              (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management
              Protocol (SNMPv3)", STD 62, <a href="./rfc3414">RFC 3414</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3414, December 2002,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3414">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3414</a>&gt;.







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   [<a id="ref-RFC3415">RFC3415</a>]  Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based
              Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network
              Management Protocol (SNMP)", STD 62, <a href="./rfc3415">RFC 3415</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3415, December 2002,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3415">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3415</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC3444">RFC3444</a>]  Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between
              Information Models and Data Models", <a href="./rfc3444">RFC 3444</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3444, January 2003,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3444">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3444</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC4022">RFC4022</a>]  Raghunarayan, R., Ed., "Management Information Base for
              the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)", <a href="./rfc4022">RFC 4022</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4022, March 2005,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4022">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4022</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC4293">RFC4293</a>]  Routhier, S., Ed., "Management Information Base for the
              Internet Protocol (IP)", <a href="./rfc4293">RFC 4293</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC4293,
              April 2006, &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4293">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4293</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC4750">RFC4750</a>]  Joyal, D., Ed., Galecki, P., Ed., Giacalone, S., Ed.,
              Coltun, R., and F. Baker, "OSPF Version 2 Management
              Information Base", <a href="./rfc4750">RFC 4750</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC4750,
              December 2006, &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4750">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4750</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC4960">RFC4960</a>]  Stewart, R., Ed., "Stream Control Transmission Protocol",
              <a href="./rfc4960">RFC 4960</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC4960, September 2007,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4960">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4960</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5102">RFC5102</a>]  Quittek, J., Bryant, S., Claise, B., Aitken, P., and J.
              Meyer, "Information Model for IP Flow Information Export",
              <a href="./rfc5102">RFC 5102</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC5102, January 2008,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5102">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5102</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5476">RFC5476</a>]  Claise, B., Ed., Johnson, A., and J. Quittek, "Packet
              Sampling (PSAMP) Protocol Specifications", <a href="./rfc5476">RFC 5476</a>,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5476, March 2009,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5476">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5476</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5591">RFC5591</a>]  Harrington, D. and W. Hardaker, "Transport Security Model
              for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",
              STD 78, <a href="./rfc5591">RFC 5591</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC5591, June 2009,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5591">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5591</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5592">RFC5592</a>]  Harrington, D., Salowey, J., and W. Hardaker, "Secure
              Shell Transport Model for the Simple Network Management
              Protocol (SNMP)", <a href="./rfc5592">RFC 5592</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC5592,
              June 2009, &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5592">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5592</a>&gt;.



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   [<a id="ref-RFC6235">RFC6235</a>]  Boschi, E. and B. Trammell, "IP Flow Anonymization
              Support", <a href="./rfc6235">RFC 6235</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC6235, May 2011,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6235">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6235</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC6313">RFC6313</a>]  Claise, B., Dhandapani, G., Aitken, P., and S. Yates,
              "Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export
              (IPFIX)", <a href="./rfc6313">RFC 6313</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC6313, July 2011,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6313">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6313</a>&gt;.

   [<a id="ref-RFC6353">RFC6353</a>]  Hardaker, W., "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Transport
              Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",
              STD 78, <a href="./rfc6353">RFC 6353</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC6353, July 2011,
              &lt;<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6353">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6353</a>&gt;.

Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Andrew Johnson for his collaboration
   on the first draft version of this document, and to thank Andrew
   Feren and Brian Trammell for their detailed reviews.

   Juergen Schoenwaelder was partly funded by Flamingo, a Network of
   Excellence project (ICT-318488) supported by the European Commission
   under its Seventh Framework Programme.

Authors' Addresses

   Paul Aitken (editor)
   Brocade Communications Systems, Inc.
   19a Canning Street, Level 3
   Edinburgh, Scotland  EH3 8EG
   United Kingdom

   Phone: +44 203 005 0731
   Email: paitken@brocade.com


   Benoit Claise
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   De Kleetlaan 6a b1
   Diegem  1813
   Belgium

   Phone: +32 2 704 5622
   Email: bclaise@cisco.com







<span class="grey">Aitken, et al.               Standards Track                   [Page 84]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-85" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc8038">RFC 8038</a>           Exporting MIB Variables with IPFIX           May 2017</span>


   Srikar B S
   Mojo Networks, Inc.
   S. No. 7, Pinnac House II
   Kothrud, Pune  411038
   India

   Phone: +91 94 4847 6672
   Email: srikarbs@gmail.com


   Colin McDowall
   Brocade Communications Systems, Inc.
   19a Canning Street, Level 3
   Edinburgh, Scotland  EH3 8EG
   United Kingdom

   Phone: +44 203 005 0687
   Email: cmcdowal@brocade.com


   Juergen Schoenwaelder
   Jacobs University Bremen
   Campus Ring 1
   Bremen  28725
   Germany

   Phone: +49 421 200 3587
   Email: j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de























Aitken, et al.               Standards Track                   [Page 85]
</pre>