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<pre>Network Working Group                                    T. Berners-Lee
Request for Comments: 1866                                      MIT/W3C
Category: Standards Track                                   D. Connolly
                                                          November 1995


                    <span class="h1">Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0</span>

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

   The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used
   to create hypertext documents that are platform independent. HTML
   documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are
   appropriate for representing information from a wide range of
   domains. HTML markup can represent hypertext news, mail,
   documentation, and hypermedia; menus of options; database query
   results; simple structured documents with in-lined graphics; and
   hypertext views of existing bodies of information.

   HTML has been in use by the World Wide Web (WWW) global information
   initiative since 1990. This specification roughly corresponds to the
   capabilities of HTML in common use prior to June 1994. HTML is an
   application of ISO Standard 8879:1986 Information Processing Text and
   Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

   The "text/html" Internet Media Type (<a href="./rfc1590">RFC 1590</a>) and MIME Content Type
   (<a href="./rfc1521">RFC 1521</a>) is defined by this specification.

Table of Contents

    <a href="#section-1">1</a>.     Introduction ........................................... <a href="#page-2">2</a>
    <a href="#section-1.1">1.1</a>    Scope .................................................. <a href="#page-3">3</a>
    <a href="#section-1.2">1.2</a>    Conformance ............................................ <a href="#page-3">3</a>
    <a href="#section-2">2</a>.     Terms .................................................. <a href="#page-6">6</a>
    <a href="#section-3">3</a>.     HTML as an Application of SGML .........................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
    <a href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>    SGML Documents .........................................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
    <a href="#section-3.2">3.2</a>    HTML Lexical Syntax ................................... <a href="#page-12">12</a>
    <a href="#section-3.3">3.3</a>    HTML Public Text Identifiers .......................... <a href="#page-17">17</a>
    <a href="#section-3.4">3.4</a>    Example HTML Document ................................. <a href="#page-17">17</a>
    <a href="#section-4">4</a>.     HTML as an Internet Media Type ........................ <a href="#page-18">18</a>



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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    <a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>    text/html media type .................................. <a href="#page-18">18</a>
    <a href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>    HTML Document Representation .......................... <a href="#page-19">19</a>
    <a href="#section-5">5</a>.     Document Structure .................................... <a href="#page-20">20</a>
    <a href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>    Document Element: HTML ................................ <a href="#page-21">21</a>
    <a href="#section-5.2">5.2</a>    Head: HEAD ............................................ <a href="#page-21">21</a>
    <a href="#section-5.3">5.3</a>    Body: BODY ............................................ <a href="#page-24">24</a>
    <a href="#section-5.4">5.4</a>    Headings: H1 ... H6 ................................... <a href="#page-24">24</a>
    <a href="#section-5.5">5.5</a>    Block Structuring Elements ............................ <a href="#page-25">25</a>
    <a href="#section-5.6">5.6</a>    List Elements ......................................... <a href="#page-28">28</a>
    <a href="#section-5.7">5.7</a>    Phrase Markup ......................................... <a href="#page-30">30</a>
    <a href="#section-5.8">5.8</a>    Line Break: BR ........................................ <a href="#page-34">34</a>
    <a href="#section-5.9">5.9</a>    Horizontal Rule: HR ................................... <a href="#page-34">34</a>
    <a href="#section-5.10">5.10</a>   Image: IMG ............................................ <a href="#page-34">34</a>
    <a href="#section-6">6</a>.     Characters, Words, and Paragraphs ..................... <a href="#page-35">35</a>
    <a href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>    The HTML Document Character Set ....................... <a href="#page-36">36</a>
    <a href="#section-7">7</a>.     Hyperlinks ............................................ <a href="#page-36">36</a>
    <a href="#section-7.1">7.1</a>    Accessing Resources ................................... <a href="#page-37">37</a>
    <a href="#section-7.2">7.2</a>    Activation of Hyperlinks .............................. <a href="#page-38">38</a>
    <a href="#section-7.3">7.3</a>    Simultaneous Presentation of Image Resources .......... <a href="#page-38">38</a>
    <a href="#section-7.4">7.4</a>    Fragment Identifiers .................................. <a href="#page-38">38</a>
    <a href="#section-7.5">7.5</a>    Queries and Indexes ................................... <a href="#page-39">39</a>
    <a href="#section-7.6">7.6</a>    Image Maps ............................................ <a href="#page-39">39</a>
    <a href="#section-8">8</a>.     Forms ................................................. <a href="#page-40">40</a>
    <a href="#section-8.1">8.1</a>    Form Elements ......................................... <a href="#page-40">40</a>
    <a href="#section-8.2">8.2</a>    Form Submission ....................................... <a href="#page-45">45</a>
    <a href="#section-9">9</a>.     HTML Public Text ...................................... <a href="#page-49">49</a>
    <a href="#section-9.1">9.1</a>    HTML DTD .............................................. <a href="#page-49">49</a>
    <a href="#section-9.2">9.2</a>    Strict HTML DTD ....................................... <a href="#page-61">61</a>
    <a href="#section-9.3">9.3</a>    Level 1 HTML DTD ...................................... <a href="#page-62">62</a>
    <a href="#section-9.4">9.4</a>    Strict Level 1 HTML DTD ............................... <a href="#page-63">63</a>
    <a href="#section-9.5">9.5</a>    SGML Declaration for HTML ............................. <a href="#page-64">64</a>
    <a href="#section-9.6">9.6</a>    Sample SGML Open Entity Catalog for HTML .............. <a href="#page-65">65</a>
    <a href="#section-9.7">9.7</a>    Character Entity Sets ................................. <a href="#page-66">66</a>
    <a href="#section-10">10</a>.    Security Considerations ............................... <a href="#page-69">69</a>
    <a href="#section-11">11</a>.    References ............................................ <a href="#page-69">69</a>
    <a href="#section-12">12</a>.    Acknowledgments ....................................... <a href="#page-71">71</a>
    <a href="#section-12.1">12.1</a>   Authors' Addresses .................................... <a href="#page-71">71</a>
    <a href="#section-13">13</a>.    The HTML Coded Character Set .......................... <a href="#page-72">72</a>
    <a href="#section-14">14</a>.    Proposed Entities ..................................... <a href="#page-75">75</a>

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>

   The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a simple data format used to
   create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to
   another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics
   that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range
   of domains.




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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


   As HTML is an application of SGML, this specification assumes a
   working knowledge of [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>].

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-1.1" href="#section-1.1">1.1</a>. Scope</span>

   HTML has been in use by the World-Wide Web (WWW) global information
   initiative since 1990. Previously, informal documentation on HTML has
   been available from a number of sources on the Internet. This
   specification brings together, clarifies, and formalizes a set of
   features that roughly corresponds to the capabilities of HTML in
   common use prior to June 1994. A number of new features to HTML are
   being proposed and experimented in the Internet community.

   This document thus defines a HTML 2.0 (to distinguish it from the
   previous informal specifications). Future (generally upwardly
   compatible) versions of HTML with new features will be released with
   higher version numbers.

   HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879:1986, "Information
   Processing Text and Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup
   Language" (SGML). The HTML Document Type Definition (DTD) is a formal
   definition of the HTML syntax in terms of SGML.

   This specification also defines HTML as an Internet Media
   Type[IMEDIA] and MIME Content Type[MIME] called `text/html'. As such,
   it defines the semantics of the HTML syntax and how that syntax
   should be interpreted by user agents.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-1.2" href="#section-1.2">1.2</a>. Conformance</span>

   This specification governs the syntax of HTML documents and aspects
   of the behavior of HTML user agents.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-1.2.1" href="#section-1.2.1">1.2.1</a>. Documents</span>

   A document is a conforming HTML document if:

        * It is a conforming SGML document, and it conforms to the
        HTML DTD (see 9.1, "HTML DTD").

            NOTE - There are a number of syntactic idioms that
            are not supported or are supported inconsistently in
            some historical user agent implementations. These
            idioms are identified in notes like this throughout
            this specification.

        * It conforms to the application conventions in this
        specification. For example, the value of the HREF attribute



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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


        of the &lt;A&gt; element must conform to the URI syntax.

        * Its document character set includes [<a href="#ref-ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1</a>] and
        agrees with [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>]; that is, each code position listed
        in 13, "The HTML Coded Character Set" is included, and each
        code position in the document character set is mapped to the
        same character as [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>] designates for that code
        position.

            NOTE - The document character set is somewhat
            independent of the character encoding scheme used to
            represent a document. For example, the `ISO-2022-JP'
            character encoding scheme can be used for HTML
            documents, since its repertoire is a subset of the
            [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>] repertoire. The critical distinction is
            that numeric character references agree with
            [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>] regardless of how the document is
            encoded.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-1.2.2" href="#section-1.2.2">1.2.2</a>. Feature Test Entities</span>

   The HTML DTD defines a standard HTML document type and several
   variations, by way of feature test entities. Feature test entities
   are declarations in the HTML DTD that control the inclusion or
   exclusion of portions of the DTD.

    HTML.Recommended
            Certain features of the language are necessary for
            compatibility with widespread usage, but they may
            compromise the structural integrity of a document. This
            feature test entity selects a more prescriptive document
            type definition that eliminates those features. It is
            set to `IGNORE' by default.

            For example, in order to preserve the structure of a
            document, an editing user agent may translate HTML
            documents to the recommended subset, or it may require
            that the documents be in the recommended subset for
            import.

    HTML.Deprecated
            Certain features of the language are necessary for
            compatibility with earlier versions of the
            specification, but they tend to be used and implemented
            inconsistently, and their use is deprecated. This
            feature test entity enables a document type definition
            that allows these features. It is set to `INCLUDE' by
            default.



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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


            Documents generated by translation software or editing
            software should not contain deprecated idioms.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-1.2.3" href="#section-1.2.3">1.2.3</a>. User Agents</span>

   An HTML user agent conforms to this specification if:

        * It parses the characters of an HTML document into data
        characters and markup according to [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>].

            NOTE - In the interest of robustness and
            extensibility, there are a number of widely deployed
            conventions for handling non-conforming documents.
            See 4.2.1, "Undeclared Markup Error Handling" for
            details.

        * It supports the `ISO-8859-1' character encoding scheme and
        processes each character in the ISO Latin Alphabet No. 1 as
        specified in 6.1, "The HTML Document Character Set".

            NOTE - To support non-western writing systems, HTML
            user agents are encouraged to support
            `ISO-10646-UCS-2' or similar character encoding
            schemes and as much of the character repertoire of
            [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>] as is practical.

        * It behaves identically for documents whose parsed token
        sequences are identical.

        For example, comments and the whitespace in tags disappear
        during tokenization, and hence they do not influence the
        behavior of conforming user agents.

        * It allows the user to traverse (or at least attempt to
        traverse, resources permitting) all hyperlinks from &lt;A&gt;
        elements in an HTML document.

   An HTML user agent is a level 2 user agent if, additionally:

        * It allows the user to express all form field values
        specified in an HTML document and to (attempt to) submit the
        values as requests to information services.









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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. Terms</span>

    absolute URI
            a URI in absolute form; for example, as per [<a href="#ref-URL">URL</a>]

    anchor
            one of two ends of a hyperlink; typically, a phrase
            marked as an &lt;A&gt; element.

    base URI
            an absolute URI used in combination with a relative URI
            to determine another absolute URI.

    character
            An atom of information, for example a letter or a digit.
            Graphic characters have associated glyphs, whereas
            control characters have associated processing semantics.

    character encoding
    scheme
            A function whose domain is the set of sequences of
            octets, and whose range is the set of sequences of
            characters from a character repertoire; that is, a
            sequence of octets and a character encoding scheme
            determines a sequence of characters.

    character repertoire
            A finite set of characters; e.g. the range of a coded
            character set.

    code position
            An integer. A coded character set and a code position
            from its domain determine a character.

    coded character set
            A function whose domain is a subset of the integers and
            whose range is a character repertoire. That is, for some
            set of integers (usually of the form {0, 1, 2, ..., N}
            ), a coded character set and an integer in that set
            determine a character. Conversely, a character and a
            coded character set determine the character's code
            position (or, in rare cases, a few code positions).

    conforming HTML user
    agent
            A user agent that conforms to this specification in its
            processing of the Internet Media Type `text/html'.




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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    data character
            Characters other than markup, which make up the content
            of elements.

    document character set
            a coded character set whose range includes all
            characters used in a document. Every SGML document has
            exactly one document character set. Numeric character
            references are resolved via the document character set.

    DTD
            document type definition. Rules that apply SGML to the
            markup of documents of a particular type, including a
            set of element and entity declarations. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    element
            A component of the hierarchical structure defined by a
            document type definition; it is identified in a document
            instance by descriptive markup, usually a start-tag and
            end-tag. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    end-tag
            Descriptive markup that identifies the end of an
            element. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    entity
            data with an associated notation or interpretation; for
            example, a sequence of octets associated with an
            Internet Media Type. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    fragment identifier
            the portion of an HREF attribute value following the `#'
            character which modifies the presentation of the
            destination of a hyperlink.

    form data set
            a sequence of name/value pairs; the names are given by
            an HTML document and the values are given by a user.

    HTML document
            An SGML document conforming to this document type
            definition.

    hyperlink
            a relationship between two anchors, called the head and
            the tail. The link goes from the tail to the head. The
            head and tail are also known as destination and source,
            respectively.



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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    markup
            Syntactically delimited characters added to the data of
            a document to represent its structure. There are four
            different kinds of markup: descriptive markup (tags),
            references, markup declarations, and processing
            instructions. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    may
            A document or user interface is conforming whether this
            statement applies or not.

    media type
            an Internet Media Type, as per [<a href="#ref-IMEDIA">IMEDIA</a>].

    message entity
            a head and body. The head is a collection of name/value
            fields, and the body is a sequence of octets. The head
            defines the content type and content transfer encoding
            of the body. [<a href="#ref-MIME">MIME</a>]

    minimally conforming
    HTML user agent
            A user agent that conforms to this specification except
            for form processing. It may only process level 1 HTML
            documents.

    must
            Documents or user agents in conflict with this statement
            are not conforming.

    numeric character
    reference
            markup that refers to a character by its code position
            in the document character set.

    SGML document
            A sequence of characters organized physically as a set
            of entities and logically into a hierarchy of elements.
            An SGML document consists of data characters and markup;
            the markup describes the structure of the information
            and an instance of that structure. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    shall
            If a document or user agent conflicts with this
            statement, it does not conform to this specification.






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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    should
            If a document or user agent conflicts with this
            statement, undesirable results may occur in practice
            even though it conforms to this specification.

    start-tag
            Descriptive markup that identifies the start of an
            element and specifies its generic identifier and
            attributes. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    syntax-reference
    character set
            A coded character set whose range includes all
            characters used for markup; e.g. name characters and
            delimiter characters.

    tag
            Markup that delimits an element. A tag includes a name
            which refers to an element declaration in the DTD, and
            may include attributes. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    text entity
            A finite sequence of characters. A text entity typically
            takes the form of a sequence of octets with some
            associated character encoding scheme, transmitted over
            the network or stored in a file. [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]

    typical
            Typical processing is described for many elements. This
            is not a mandatory part of the specification but is
            given as guidance for designers and to help explain the
            uses for which the elements were intended.

    URI
            A Uniform Resource Identifier is a formatted string that
            serves as an identifier for a resource, typically on the
            Internet. URIs are used in HTML to identify the anchors
            of hyperlinks. URIs in common practice include Uniform
            Resource Locators (URLs)[<a href="#ref-URL">URL</a>] and Relative URLs
            [<a href="#ref-RELURL">RELURL</a>].

    user agent
            A component of a distributed system that presents an
            interface and processes requests on behalf of a user;
            for example, a www browser or a mail user agent.






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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    WWW
            The World-Wide Web is a hypertext-based, distributed
            information system created by researchers at CERN in
            Switzerland. &lt;URL:http://www.w3.org/&gt;

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. HTML as an Application of SGML</span>

   HTML is an application of ISO 8879:1986 -- Standard Generalized
   Markup Language (SGML). SGML is a system for defining structured
   document types and markup languages to represent instances of those
   document types[SGML]. The public text -- DTD and SGML declaration --
   of the HTML document type definition are provided in 9, "HTML Public
   Text".

   The term "HTML" refers to both the document type defined here and the
   markup language for representing instances of this document type.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1" href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>. SGML Documents</span>

   An HTML document is an SGML document; that is, a sequence of
   characters organized physically into a set of entities, and logically
   as a hierarchy of elements.

   In the SGML specification, the first production of the SGML syntax
   grammar separates an SGML document into three parts: an SGML
   declaration, a prologue, and an instance. For the purposes of this
   specification, the prologue is a DTD. This DTD describes another
   grammar: the start symbol is given in the doctype declaration, the
   terminals are data characters and tags, and the productions are
   determined by the element declarations. The instance must conform to
   the DTD, that is, it must be in the language defined by this grammar.

   The SGML declaration determines the lexicon of the grammar. It
   specifies the document character set, which determines a character
   repertoire that contains all characters that occur in all text
   entities in the document, and the code positions associated with
   those characters.

   The SGML declaration also specifies the syntax-reference character
   set of the document, and a few other parameters that bind the
   abstract syntax of SGML to a concrete syntax. This concrete syntax
   determines how the sequence of characters of the document is mapped
   to a sequence of terminals in the grammar of the prologue.








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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


   For example, consider the following document:

    &lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Parsing Example&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Some text. &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;wow&amp;#42;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

   An HTML user agent should use the SGML declaration that is given in
   9.5, "SGML Declaration for HTML". According to its document character
   set, `&amp;#42;' refers to an asterisk character, `*'.

   The instance above is regarded as the following sequence of
   terminals:

        1. start-tag: TITLE

        2. data characters: "Parsing Example"

        3. end-tag: TITLE

        4. start-tag: P

        5. data characters "Some text."

        6. start-tag: EM

        7. data characters: "*wow*"

        8. end-tag: EM

        9. end-tag: P





















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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


   The start symbol of the DTD grammar is HTML, and the productions are
   given in the public text identified by `-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN'
   (9.1, "HTML DTD"). The terminals above parse as:

       HTML
        |
        \-HEAD
        |  |
        |  \-TITLE
        |      |
        |      \-&lt;TITLE&gt;
        |      |
        |      \-"Parsing Example"
        |      |
        |      \-&lt;/TITLE&gt;
        |
        \-BODY
          |
          \-P
            |
            \-&lt;P&gt;
            |
            \-"Some text. "
            |
            \-EM
            |  |
            |  \-&lt;EM&gt;
            |  |
            |  \-"*wow*"
            |  |
            |  \-&lt;/EM&gt;
            |
            \-&lt;/P&gt;

   Some of the elements are delimited explicitly by tags, while the
   boundaries of others are inferred. The &lt;HTML&gt; element contains a
   &lt;HEAD&gt; element and a &lt;BODY&gt; element. The &lt;HEAD&gt; contains &lt;TITLE&gt;,
   which is explicitly delimited by start- and end-tags.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2" href="#section-3.2">3.2</a>. HTML Lexical Syntax</span>

   SGML specifies an abstract syntax and a reference concrete syntax.
   Aside from certain quantities and capacities (e.g. the limit on the
   length of a name), all HTML documents use the reference concrete
   syntax. In particular, all markup characters are in the repertoire of
   [<a href="#ref-ISO-646">ISO-646</a>]. Data characters are drawn from the document character set
   (see 6, "Characters, Words, and Paragraphs").




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   A complete discussion of SGML parsing, e.g. the mapping of a sequence
   of characters to a sequence of tags and data, is left to the SGML
   standard[SGML]. This section is only a summary.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.1" href="#section-3.2.1">3.2.1</a>. Data Characters</span>

   Any sequence of characters that do not constitute markup (see 9.6
   "Delimiter Recognition" of [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]) are mapped directly to strings of
   data characters. Some markup also maps to data character strings.
   Numeric character references map to single-character strings, via the
   document character set. Each reference to one of the general entities
   defined in the HTML DTD maps to a single-character string.

   For example,

    abc&amp;lt;def    =&gt; "abc","&lt;","def"
    abc&amp;#60;def   =&gt; "abc","&lt;","def"

   The terminating semicolon on entity or numeric character references
   is only necessary when the character following the reference would
   otherwise be recognized as part of the name (see 9.4.5 "Reference
   End" in [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]).

    abc &amp;lt def     =&gt; "abc ","&lt;"," def"
    abc &amp;#60 def    =&gt; "abc ","&lt;"," def"

   An ampersand is only recognized as markup when it is followed by a
   letter or a `#' and a digit:

    abc &amp; lt def    =&gt; "abc &amp; lt def"
    abc &amp;# 60 def    =&gt; "abc &amp;# 60 def"

   A useful technique for translating plain text to HTML is to replace
   each '&lt;', '&amp;', and '&gt;' by an entity reference or numeric character
   reference as follows:

                     ENTITY      NUMERIC
           CHARACTER REFERENCE   CHAR REF     CHARACTER DESCRIPTION
           --------- ----------  -----------  ---------------------
             &amp;       &amp;amp;       &amp;#38;        Ampersand
             &lt;       &amp;lt;        &amp;#60;        Less than
             &gt;       &amp;gt;        &amp;#62;        Greater than

        NOTE - There are SGML mechanisms, CDATA and RCDATA
        declared content, that allow most `&lt;', `&gt;', and `&amp;'
        characters to be entered without the use of entity
        references. Because these mechanisms tend to be used and
        implemented inconsistently, and because they conflict



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        with techniques for reducing HTML to 7 bit ASCII for
        transport, they are deprecated in this version of HTML.
        See 5.5.2.1, "Example and Listing: XMP, LISTING".

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.2" href="#section-3.2.2">3.2.2</a>. Tags</span>

   Tags delimit elements such as headings, paragraphs, lists, character
   highlighting, and links. Most HTML elements are identified in a
   document as a start-tag, which gives the element name and attributes,
   followed by the content, followed by the end tag. Start-tags are
   delimited by `&lt;' and `&gt;'; end tags are delimited by `&lt;/' and `&gt;'. An
   example is:

   &lt;H1&gt;This is a Heading&lt;/H1&gt;

   Some elements only have a start-tag without an end-tag. For example,
   to create a line break, use the `&lt;BR&gt;' tag.  Additionally, the end
   tags of some other elements, such as Paragraph (`&lt;/P&gt;'), List Item
   (`&lt;/LI&gt;'), Definition Term (`&lt;/DT&gt;'), and Definition Description
   (`&lt;/DD&gt;') elements, may be omitted.

   The content of an element is a sequence of data character strings and
   nested elements. Some elements, such as anchors, cannot be nested.
   Anchors and character highlighting may be put inside other
   constructs. See the HTML DTD, 9.1, "HTML DTD" for full details.

      NOTE - The SGML declaration for HTML specifies SHORTTAG YES, which
      means that there are other valid syntaxes for tags, such as NET
      tags, `&lt;EM/.../'; empty start tags, `&lt;&gt;'; and empty end-tags,
      `&lt;/&gt;'. Until support for these idioms is widely deployed, their
      use is strongly discouraged.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.3" href="#section-3.2.3">3.2.3</a>. Names</span>

   A name consists of a letter followed by letters, digits, periods, or
   hyphens. The length of a name is limited to 72 characters by the
   `NAMELEN' parameter in the SGML declaration for HTML, 9.5, "SGML
   Declaration for HTML". Element and attribute names are not case
   sensitive, but entity names are.  For example, `&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;',
   `&lt;BlockQuote&gt;', and `&lt;blockquote&gt;' are equivalent, whereas `&amp;amp;' is
   different from `&amp;AMP;'.

   In a start-tag, the element name must immediately follow the tag open
   delimiter `&lt;'.







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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.4" href="#section-3.2.4">3.2.4</a>. Attributes</span>

   In a start-tag, white space and attributes are allowed between the
   element name and the closing delimiter. An attribute specification
   typically consists of an attribute name, an equal sign, and a value,
   though some attribute specifications may be just a name token. White
   space is allowed around the equal sign.

   The value of the attribute may be either:

        * A string literal, delimited by single quotes or double
        quotes and not containing any occurrences of the delimiting
        character.

            NOTE - Some historical implementations consider any
            occurrence of the `&gt;' character to signal the end of
            a tag. For compatibility with such implementations,
            when `&gt;' appears in an attribute value, it should be
            represented with a numeric character reference. For
            example, `&lt;IMG SRC="eq1.jpg" alt="a&gt;b"&gt;' should be
            written `&lt;IMG SRC="eq1.jpg" alt="a&amp;#62;b"&gt;' or `&lt;IMG
            SRC="eq1.jpg" alt="a&amp;gt;b"&gt;'.

        * A name token (a sequence of letters, digits, periods, or
        hyphens). Name tokens are not case sensitive.

            NOTE - Some historical implementations allow any
            character except space or `&gt;' in a name token.

   In this example, &lt;img&gt; is the element name, src is the attribute
   name, and `http://host/dir/file.gif' is the attribute value:

   &lt;img src='http://host/dir/file.gif'&gt;

   A useful technique for computing an attribute value literal for a
   given string is to replace each quote and white space character by an
   entity reference or numeric character reference as follows:

                     ENTITY      NUMERIC
           CHARACTER REFERENCE   CHAR REF     CHARACTER DESCRIPTION
           --------- ----------  -----------  ---------------------
             HT                  &amp;#9;         Tab
             LF                  &amp;#10;        Line Feed
             CR                  &amp;#13;        Carriage Return
             SP                  &amp;#32;        Space
             "       &amp;quot;      &amp;#34;        Quotation mark
             &amp;       &amp;amp;       &amp;#38;        Ampersand




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   For example:

   &lt;IMG SRC="image.jpg" alt="First &amp;quot;real&amp;quot; example"&gt;

   The `NAMELEN' parameter in the SGML declaration (9.5, "SGML
   Declaration for HTML") limits the length of an attribute value to
   1024 characters.

   Attributes such as ISMAP and COMPACT may be written using a minimized
   syntax (see 7.9.1.2 "Omitted Attribute Name" in [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]). The markup:

   &lt;UL COMPACT="compact"&gt;

   can be written using a minimized syntax:

   &lt;UL COMPACT&gt;

   NOTE - Some historical implementations only understand the minimized
   syntax.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.5" href="#section-3.2.5">3.2.5</a>. Comments</span>

   To include comments in an HTML document, use a comment declaration. A
   comment declaration consists of `&lt;!' followed by zero or more
   comments followed by `&gt;'. Each comment starts with `--' and includes
   all text up to and including the next occurrence of `--'. In a
   comment declaration, white space is allowed after each comment, but
   not before the first comment.  The entire comment declaration is
   ignored.

      NOTE - Some historical HTML implementations incorrectly consider
      any `&gt;' character to be the termination of a comment.

   For example:

    &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
    &lt;HEAD&gt;
    &lt;TITLE&gt;HTML Comment Example&lt;/TITLE&gt;
    &lt;!-- Id: html-sgml.sgm,v 1.5 1995/05/26 21:29:50 connolly Exp  --&gt;
    &lt;!-- another -- -- comment --&gt;
    &lt;!&gt;
    &lt;/HEAD&gt;
    &lt;BODY&gt;
    &lt;p&gt; &lt;!- not a comment, just regular old data characters -&gt;







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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.3" href="#section-3.3">3.3</a>. HTML Public Text Identifiers</span>

   To identify information as an HTML document conforming to this
   specification, each document must start with one of the following
   document type declarations.

   &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;

   This document type declaration refers to the HTML DTD in 9.1, "HTML
   DTD".

      NOTE - If the body of a `text/html' message entity does not begin
      with a document type declaration, an HTML user agent should infer
      the above document type declaration.

   &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 2//EN"&gt;

   This document type declaration also refers to the HTML DTD which
   appears in 9.1, "HTML DTD".

   &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN"&gt;

   This document type declaration refers to the level 1 HTML DTD in 9.3,
   "Level 1 HTML DTD". Form elements must not occur in level 1
   documents.

   &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//EN"&gt;
   &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//EN"&gt;

   These two document type declarations refer to the HTML DTD in 9.2,
   "Strict HTML DTD" and 9.4, "Strict Level 1 HTML DTD". They refer to
   the more structurally rigid definition of HTML.

   HTML user agents may support other document types. In particular,
   they may support other formal public identifiers, or other document
   types altogether. They may support an internal declaration subset
   with supplemental entity, element, and other markup declarations.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.4" href="#section-3.4">3.4</a>. Example HTML Document</span>

    &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
    &lt;HTML&gt;
    &lt;!-- Here's a good place to put a comment. --&gt;
    &lt;HEAD&gt;
    &lt;TITLE&gt;Structural Example&lt;/TITLE&gt;
    &lt;/HEAD&gt;&lt;BODY&gt;
    &lt;H1&gt;First Header&lt;/H1&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;This is a paragraph in the example HTML file. Keep in mind



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    that the title does not appear in the document text, but that
    the header (defined by H1) does.&lt;/P&gt;
    &lt;OL&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;First item in an ordered list.
    &lt;LI&gt;Second item in an ordered list.
      &lt;UL COMPACT&gt;
      &lt;LI&gt; Note that lists can be nested;
      &lt;LI&gt; Whitespace may be used to assist in reading the
           HTML source.
      &lt;/UL&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;Third item in an ordered list.
    &lt;/OL&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;This is an additional paragraph. Technically, end tags are
    not required for paragraphs, although they are allowed. You can
    include character highlighting in a paragraph. &lt;EM&gt;This sentence
    of the paragraph is emphasized.&lt;/EM&gt; Note that the &amp;lt;/P&amp;gt;
    end tag has been omitted.
    &lt;P&gt;
    &lt;IMG SRC ="triangle.xbm" alt="Warning: "&gt;
    Be sure to read these &lt;b&gt;bold instructions&lt;/b&gt;.
    &lt;/BODY&gt;&lt;/HTML&gt;

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. HTML as an Internet Media Type</span>

   An HTML user agent allows users to interact with resources which have
   HTML representations. At a minimum, it must allow users to examine
   and navigate the content of HTML level 1 documents. HTML user agents
   should be able to preserve all formatting distinctions represented in
   an HTML document, and be able to simultaneously present resources
   referred to by IMG elements (they may ignore some formatting
   distinctions or IMG resources at the request of the user). Level 2
   HTML user agents should support form entry and submission.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.1" href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. text/html media type</span>

   This specification defines the Internet Media Type [<a href="#ref-IMEDIA">IMEDIA</a>] (formerly
   referred to as the Content Type [<a href="#ref-MIME">MIME</a>]) called `text/html'. The
   following is to be registered with [<a href="#ref-IANA">IANA</a>].

    Media Type name
            text

    Media subtype name
            html

    Required parameters
            none




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    Optional parameters
            level, charset

    Encoding considerations
            any encoding is allowed

    Security considerations
            see 10, "Security Considerations"

    The optional parameters are defined as follows:

    Level
            The level parameter specifies the feature set used in
            the document. The level is an integer number, implying
            that any features of same or lower level may be present
            in the document. Level 1 is all features defined in this
            specification except those that require the &lt;FORM&gt;
            element. Level 2 includes form processing. Level 2 is
            the default.

    Charset
            The charset parameter (as defined in <a href="./rfc1521#section-7.1.1">section&nbsp;7.1.1 of
            RFC 1521</a>[<a href="#ref-MIME">MIME</a>]) may be given to specify the character
            encoding scheme used to represent the HTML document as a
            sequence of octets. The default value is outside the
            scope of this specification; but for example, the
            default is `US-ASCII' in the context of MIME mail, and
            `ISO-8859-1' in the context of HTTP [<a href="#ref-HTTP">HTTP</a>].

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2" href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>. HTML Document Representation</span>

   A message entity with a content type of `text/html' represents an
   HTML document, consisting of a single text entity. The `charset'
   parameter (whether implicit or explicit) identifies a character
   encoding scheme. The text entity consists of the characters
   determined by this character encoding scheme and the octets of the
   body of the message entity.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2.1" href="#section-4.2.1">4.2.1</a>. Undeclared Markup Error Handling</span>

   To facilitate experimentation and interoperability between
   implementations of various versions of HTML, the installed base of
   HTML user agents supports a superset of the HTML 2.0 language by
   reducing it to HTML 2.0: markup in the form of a start-tag or end-
   tag, whose generic identifier is not declared is mapped to nothing
   during tokenization. Undeclared attributes are treated similarly. The
   entire attribute specification of an unknown attribute (i.e., the
   unknown attribute and its value, if any) should be ignored. On the



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   other hand, references to undeclared entities should be treated as
   data characters.

   For example:

    &lt;div class=chapter&gt;&lt;h1&gt;foo&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;
      =&gt; &lt;H1&gt;,"foo",&lt;/H1&gt;,&lt;P&gt;,"..."
    xxx &lt;P ID=z23&gt; yyy
      =&gt; "xxx ",&lt;P&gt;," yyy
    Let &amp;alpha; &amp;amp; &amp;beta; be finite sets.
      =&gt; "Let &amp;alpha; &amp; &amp;beta; be finite sets."

   Support for notifying the user of such errors is encouraged.

   Information providers are warned that this convention is not binding:
   unspecified behavior may result, as such markup does not conform to
   this specification.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2.2" href="#section-4.2.2">4.2.2</a>. Conventional Representation of Newlines</span>

   SGML specifies that a text entity is a sequence of records, each
   beginning with a record start character and ending with a record end
   character (code positions 10 and 13 respectively) (<a href="#section-7.6.1">section 7.6.1</a>,
   "Record Boundaries" in [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]).

   [<a id="ref-MIME">MIME</a>] specifies that a body of type `text/*' is a sequence of lines,
   each terminated by CRLF, that is, octets 13, 10.

   In practice, HTML documents are frequently represented and
   transmitted using an end of line convention that depends on the
   conventions of the source of the document; frequently, that
   representation consists of CR only, LF only, or a CR LF sequence.
   Hence the decoding of the octets will often result in a text entity
   with some missing record start and record end characters.

   Since there is no ambiguity, HTML user agents are encouraged to infer
   the missing record start and end characters.

   An HTML user agent should treat end of line in any of its variations
   as a word space in all contexts except preformatted text. Within
   preformatted text, an HTML user agent should treat any of the three
   common representations of end-of-line as starting a new line.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. Document Structure</span>

   An HTML document is a tree of elements, including a head and body,
   headings, paragraphs, lists, etc. Form elements are discussed in 8,
   "Forms".



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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1" href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>. Document Element: HTML</span>

   The HTML document element consists of a head and a body, much like a
   memo or a mail message. The head contains the title and optional
   elements. The body is a text flow consisting of paragraphs, lists,
   and other elements.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2" href="#section-5.2">5.2</a>. Head: HEAD</span>

   The head of an HTML document is an unordered collection of
   information about the document. For example:

    &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
    &lt;HEAD&gt;
    &lt;TITLE&gt;Introduction to HTML&lt;/TITLE&gt;
    &lt;/HEAD&gt;
    ...

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.1" href="#section-5.2.1">5.2.1</a>. Title: TITLE</span>

   Every HTML document must contain a &lt;TITLE&gt; element.

   The title should identify the contents of the document in a global
   context. A short title, such as "Introduction" may be meaningless out
   of context. A title such as "Introduction to HTML Elements" is more
   appropriate.

      NOTE - The length of a title is not limited; however, long titles
      may be truncated in some applications. To minimize this
      possibility, titles should be fewer than 64 characters.

   A user agent may display the title of a document in a history list or
   as a label for the window displaying the document. This differs from
   headings (5.4, "Headings: H1 ... H6"), which are typically displayed
   within the body text flow.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.2" href="#section-5.2.2">5.2.2</a>. Base Address: BASE</span>

   The optional &lt;BASE&gt; element provides a base address for interpreting
   relative URLs when the document is read out of context (see 7,
   "Hyperlinks"). The value of the HREF attribute must be an absolute
   URI.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.3" href="#section-5.2.3">5.2.3</a>. Keyword Index: ISINDEX</span>

   The &lt;ISINDEX&gt; element indicates that the user agent should allow the
   user to search an index by giving keywords. See 7.5, "Queries and
   Indexes" for details.



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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.4" href="#section-5.2.4">5.2.4</a>. Link: LINK</span>

   The &lt;LINK&gt; element represents a hyperlink (see 7, "Hyperlinks").  Any
   number of LINK elements may occur in the &lt;HEAD&gt; element of an HTML
   document. It has the same attributes as the &lt;A&gt; element (see 5.7.3,
   "Anchor: A").

   The &lt;LINK&gt; element is typically used to indicate authorship, related
   indexes and glossaries, older or more recent versions, document
   hierarchy, associated resources such as style sheets, etc.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.5" href="#section-5.2.5">5.2.5</a>. Associated Meta-information: META</span>

   The &lt;META&gt; element is an extensible container for use in identifying
   specialized document meta-information.  Meta-information has two main
   functions:

        * to provide a means to discover that the data set exists
        and how it might be obtained or accessed; and

        * to document the content, quality, and features of a data
        set, indicating its fitness for use.

   Each &lt;META&gt; element specifies a name/value pair. If multiple META
   elements are provided with the same name, their combined contents--
   concatenated as a comma-separated list--is the value associated with
   that name.

        NOTE - The &lt;META&gt; element should not be used where a
        specific element, such as &lt;TITLE&gt;, would be more
        appropriate. Rather than a &lt;META&gt; element with a URI as
        the value of the CONTENT attribute, use a &lt;LINK&gt;
        element.

   HTTP servers may read the content of the document &lt;HEAD&gt; to generate
   header fields corresponding to any elements defining a value for the
   attribute HTTP-EQUIV.

        NOTE - The method by which the server extracts document
        meta-information is unspecified and not mandatory. The
        &lt;META&gt; element only provides an extensible mechanism for
        identifying and embedding document meta-information --
        how it may be used is up to the individual server
        implementation and the HTML user agent.







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    Attributes of the META element:

    HTTP-EQUIV
            binds the element to an HTTP header field. An HTTP
            server may use this information to process the document.
            In particular, it may include a header field in the
            responses to requests for this document: the header name
            is taken from the HTTP-EQUIV attribute value, and the
            header value is taken from the value of the CONTENT
            attribute. HTTP header names are not case sensitive.

    NAME
            specifies the name of the name/value pair. If not
            present, HTTP-EQUIV gives the name.

    CONTENT
            specifies the value of the name/value pair.

    Examples

    If the document contains:

    &lt;META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires"
          CONTENT="Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT"&gt;
    &lt;meta http-equiv="Keywords" CONTENT="Fred"&gt;
    &lt;META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-to"
          content="fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding)"&gt;
    &lt;Meta Http-equiv="Keywords" CONTENT="Barney"&gt;

    then the server may include the following header fields:

    Expires: Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT
    Keywords: Fred, Barney
    Reply-to: fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding)

    as part of the HTTP response to a `GET' or `HEAD' request for
    that document.

    An HTTP server must not use the &lt;META&gt; element to form an HTTP
    response header unless the HTTP-EQUIV attribute is present.

    An HTTP server may disregard any &lt;META&gt; elements that specify
    information controlled by the HTTP server, for example `Server',

    `Date', and `Last-modified'.






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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.6" href="#section-5.2.6">5.2.6</a>. Next Id: NEXTID</span>

   The &lt;NEXTID&gt; element is included for historical reasons only.  HTML
   documents should not contain &lt;NEXTID&gt; elements.

   The &lt;NEXTID&gt; element gives a hint for the name to use for a new &lt;A&gt;
   element when editing an HTML document. It should be distinct from all
   NAME attribute values on &lt;A&gt; elements. For example:

   &lt;NEXTID N=Z27&gt;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3" href="#section-5.3">5.3</a>. Body: BODY</span>

   The &lt;BODY&gt; element contains the text flow of the document, including
   headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.

   For example:

    &lt;BODY&gt;
    &lt;h1&gt;Important Stuff&lt;/h1&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Explanation about important stuff...
    &lt;/BODY&gt;

<a href="#section-5.4">5.4</a>. Headings: H1 ... H6

   The six heading elements, &lt;H1&gt; through &lt;H6&gt;, denote section headings.
   Although the order and occurrence of headings is not constrained by
   the HTML DTD, documents should not skip levels (for example, from H1
   to H3), as converting such documents to other representations is
   often problematic.

   Example of use:

    &lt;H1&gt;This is a heading&lt;/H1&gt;
    Here is some text
    &lt;H2&gt;Second level heading&lt;/H2&gt;
    Here is some more text.

    Typical renderings are:

    H1
            Bold, very-large font, centered. One or two blank lines
            above and below.

    H2
            Bold, large font, flush-left. One or two blank lines
            above and below.




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    H3
            Italic, large font, slightly indented from the left
            margin. One or two blank lines above and below.

    H4
            Bold, normal font, indented more than H3. One blank line
            above and below.

    H5
            Italic, normal font, indented as H4. One blank line
            above.

    H6
            Bold, indented same as normal text, more than H5. One
            blank line above.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5" href="#section-5.5">5.5</a>. Block Structuring Elements</span>

   Block structuring elements include paragraphs, lists, and block
   quotes. They must not contain heading elements, but they may contain
   phrase markup, and in some cases, they may be nested.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5.1" href="#section-5.5.1">5.5.1</a>. Paragraph: P</span>

   The &lt;P&gt; element indicates a paragraph. The exact indentation, leading
   space, etc. of a paragraph is not specified and may be a function of
   other tags, style sheets, etc.

   Typically, paragraphs are surrounded by a vertical space of one line
   or half a line. The first line in a paragraph is indented in some
   cases.

   Example of use:

    &lt;H1&gt;This Heading Precedes the Paragraph&lt;/H1&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;This is the text of the first paragraph.
    &lt;P&gt;This is the text of the second paragraph. Although you do not
    need to start paragraphs on new lines, maintaining this
    convention facilitates document maintenance.&lt;/P&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;This is the text of a third paragraph.&lt;/P&gt;

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5.2" href="#section-5.5.2">5.5.2</a>. Preformatted Text: PRE</span>

   The &lt;PRE&gt; element represents a character cell block of text and is
   suitable for text that has been formatted for a monospaced font.

   The &lt;PRE&gt; tag may be used with the optional WIDTH attribute. The
   WIDTH attribute specifies the maximum number of characters for a line



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   and allows the HTML user agent to select a suitable font and
   indentation.

   Within preformatted text:

        * Line breaks within the text are rendered as a move to the
        beginning of the next line.

            NOTE - References to the "beginning of a new line"
            do not imply that the renderer is forbidden from
            using a constant left indent for rendering
            preformatted text. The left indent may be
            constrained by the width required.

        * Anchor elements and phrase markup may be used.

            NOTE - Constraints on the processing of &lt;PRE&gt;
            content may limit or prevent the ability of the HTML
            user agent to faithfully render phrase markup.

        * Elements that define paragraph formatting (headings,
        address, etc.) must not be used.

            NOTE - Some historical documents contain &lt;P&gt; tags in
            &lt;PRE&gt; elements. User agents are encouraged to treat
            this as a line break. A &lt;P&gt; tag followed by a
            newline character should produce only one line
            break, not a line break plus a blank line.

        * The horizontal tab character (code position 9 in the HTML
        document character set) must be interpreted as the smallest
        positive nonzero number of spaces which will leave the
        number of characters so far on the line as a multiple of 8.
        Documents should not contain tab characters, as they are not
        supported consistently.

    Example of use:

    &lt;PRE&gt;
    Line 1.
           Line 2 is to the right of line 1.     &lt;a href="abc"&gt;abc&lt;/a&gt;
           Line 3 aligns with line 2.            &lt;a href="def"&gt;def&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/PRE&gt;








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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5.2.1" href="#section-5.5.2.1">5.5.2.1</a>. Example and Listing: XMP, LISTING</span>

   The &lt;XMP&gt; and &lt;LISTING&gt; elements are similar to the &lt;PRE&gt; element,
   but they have a different syntax. Their content is declared as CDATA,
   which means that no markup except the end-tag open delimiter-in-
   context is recognized (see 9.6 "Delimiter Recognition" of [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>]).

      NOTE - In a previous draft of the HTML specification, the syntax
      of &lt;XMP&gt; and &lt;LISTING&gt; elements allowed closing tags to be treated
      as data characters, as long as the tag name was not &lt;XMP&gt; or
      &lt;LISTING&gt;, respectively.

   Since CDATA declared content has a number of unfortunate interactions
   with processing techniques and tends to be used and implemented
   inconsistently, HTML documents should not contain &lt;XMP&gt; nor &lt;LISTING&gt;
   elements -- the &lt;PRE&gt; tag is more expressive and more consistently
   supported.

   The &lt;LISTING&gt; element should be rendered so that at least 132
   characters fit on a line. The &lt;XMP&gt; element should be rendered so
   that at least 80 characters fit on a line but is otherwise identical
   to the &lt;LISTING&gt; element.

      NOTE - In a previous draft, HTML included a &lt;PLAINTEXT&gt; element
      that is similar to the &lt;LISTING&gt; element, except that there is no
      closing tag: all characters after the &lt;PLAINTEXT&gt; start-tag are
      data.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5.3" href="#section-5.5.3">5.5.3</a>. Address: ADDRESS</span>

   The &lt;ADDRESS&gt; element contains such information as address, signature
   and authorship, often at the beginning or end of the body of a
   document.

   Typically, the &lt;ADDRESS&gt; element is rendered in an italic typeface
   and may be indented.

   Example of use:

    &lt;ADDRESS&gt;
    Newsletter editor&lt;BR&gt;
    J.R. Brown&lt;BR&gt;
    JimquickPost News, Jimquick, CT 01234&lt;BR&gt;
    Tel (123) 456 7890
    &lt;/ADDRESS&gt;






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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.5.4" href="#section-5.5.4">5.5.4</a>. Block Quote: BLOCKQUOTE</span>

   The &lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt; element contains text quoted from another source.

   A typical rendering might be a slight extra left and right indent,
   and/or italic font. The &lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt; typically provides space above
   and below the quote.

   Single-font rendition may reflect the quotation style of Internet
   mail by putting a vertical line of graphic characters, such as the
   greater than symbol (&gt;), in the left margin.

   Example of use:

    I think the play ends
    &lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Soft you now, the fair Ophelia. Nymph, in thy orisons, be all
    my sins remembered.
    &lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;
    but I am not sure.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6" href="#section-5.6">5.6</a>. List Elements</span>

   HTML includes a number of list elements. They may be used in
   combination; for example, a &lt;OL&gt; may be nested in an &lt;LI&gt; element of
   a &lt;UL&gt;.

   The COMPACT attribute suggests that a compact rendering be used.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6.1" href="#section-5.6.1">5.6.1</a>. Unordered List: UL, LI</span>

   The &lt;UL&gt; represents a list of items -- typically rendered as a
   bulleted list.

   The content of a &lt;UL&gt; element is a sequence of &lt;LI&gt; elements.  For
   example:

    &lt;UL&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;First list item
    &lt;LI&gt;Second list item
     &lt;p&gt;second paragraph of second item
    &lt;LI&gt;Third list item
    &lt;/UL&gt;

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6.2" href="#section-5.6.2">5.6.2</a>. Ordered List: OL</span>

   The &lt;OL&gt; element represents an ordered list of items, sorted by
   sequence or order of importance. It is typically rendered as a



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   numbered list.

   The content of a &lt;OL&gt; element is a sequence of &lt;LI&gt; elements.  For
   example:

    &lt;OL&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;Click the Web button to open URI window.
    &lt;LI&gt;Enter the URI number in the text field of the Open URI
    window. The Web document you specified is displayed.
      &lt;ol&gt;
       &lt;li&gt;substep 1
       &lt;li&gt;substep 2
      &lt;/ol&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;Click highlighted text to move from one link to another.
    &lt;/OL&gt;

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6.3" href="#section-5.6.3">5.6.3</a>. Directory List: DIR</span>

   The &lt;DIR&gt; element is similar to the &lt;UL&gt; element. It represents a
   list of short items, typically up to 20 characters each. Items in a
   directory list may be arranged in columns, typically 24 characters
   wide.

   The content of a &lt;DIR&gt; element is a sequence of &lt;LI&gt; elements.
   Nested block elements are not allowed in the content of &lt;DIR&gt;
   elements. For example:

    &lt;DIR&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;A-H&lt;LI&gt;I-M
    &lt;LI&gt;M-R&lt;LI&gt;S-Z
    &lt;/DIR&gt;

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6.4" href="#section-5.6.4">5.6.4</a>. Menu List: MENU</span>

   The &lt;MENU&gt; element is a list of items with typically one line per
   item. The menu list style is typically more compact than the style of
   an unordered list.

   The content of a &lt;MENU&gt; element is a sequence of &lt;LI&gt; elements.
   Nested block elements are not allowed in the content of &lt;MENU&gt;
   elements. For example:

    &lt;MENU&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;First item in the list.
    &lt;LI&gt;Second item in the list.
    &lt;LI&gt;Third item in the list.
    &lt;/MENU&gt;




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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.6.5" href="#section-5.6.5">5.6.5</a>. Definition List: DL, DT, DD</span>

   A definition list is a list of terms and corresponding definitions.
   Definition lists are typically formatted with the term flush-left and
   the definition, formatted paragraph style, indented after the term.

   The content of a &lt;DL&gt; element is a sequence of &lt;DT&gt; elements and/or
   &lt;DD&gt; elements, usually in pairs. Multiple &lt;DT&gt; may be paired with a
   single &lt;DD&gt; element. Documents should not contain multiple
   consecutive &lt;DD&gt; elements.

   Example of use:

    &lt;DL&gt;
    &lt;DT&gt;Term&lt;DD&gt;This is the definition of the first term.
    &lt;DT&gt;Term&lt;DD&gt;This is the definition of the second term.
    &lt;/DL&gt;

   If the DT term does not fit in the DT column (typically one third of
   the display area), it may be extended across the page with the DD
   section moved to the next line, or it may be wrapped onto successive
   lines of the left hand column.

   The optional COMPACT attribute suggests that a compact rendering be
   used, because the list items are small and/or the entire list is
   large.

   Unless the COMPACT attribute is present, an HTML user agent may leave
   white space between successive DT, DD pairs. The COMPACT attribute
   may also reduce the width of the left-hand (DT) column.

    &lt;DL COMPACT&gt;
    &lt;DT&gt;Term&lt;DD&gt;This is the first definition in compact format.
    &lt;DT&gt;Term&lt;DD&gt;This is the second definition in compact format.
    &lt;/DL&gt;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7" href="#section-5.7">5.7</a>. Phrase Markup</span>

   Phrases may be marked up according to idiomatic usage, typographic
   appearance, or for use as hyperlink anchors.

   User agents must render highlighted phrases distinctly from plain
   text. Additionally, &lt;EM&gt; content must be rendered as distinct from
   &lt;STRONG&gt; content, and &lt;B&gt; content must rendered as distinct from &lt;I&gt;
   content.

   Phrase elements may be nested within the content of other phrase
   elements; however, HTML user agents may render nested phrase elements



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   indistinctly from non-nested elements:

   plain &lt;B&gt;bold &lt;I&gt;italic&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; may be rendered
   the same as plain &lt;B&gt;bold &lt;/B&gt;&lt;I&gt;italic&lt;/I&gt;

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1" href="#section-5.7.1">5.7.1</a>. Idiomatic Elements</span>

   Phrases may be marked up to indicate certain idioms.

      NOTE - User agents may support the &lt;DFN&gt; element, not included in
      this specification, as it has been deployed to some extent. It is
      used to indicate the defining instance of a term, and it is
      typically rendered in italic or bold italic.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.1" href="#section-5.7.1.1">5.7.1.1</a>. Citation: CITE</span>

      The &lt;CITE&gt; element is used to indicate the title of a book or
      other citation. It is typically rendered as italics. For example:

      He just couldn't get enough of &lt;cite&gt;The Grapes of Wrath&lt;/cite&gt;.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.2" href="#section-5.7.1.2">5.7.1.2</a>. Code: CODE</span>

      The &lt;CODE&gt; element indicates an example of code, typically
      rendered in a mono-spaced font. The &lt;CODE&gt; element is intended for
      short words or phrases of code; the &lt;PRE&gt; block structuring
      element (5.5.2, "Preformatted Text: PRE") is more appropriate
       for multiple-line listings. For example:

      The expression &lt;code&gt;x += 1&lt;/code&gt;
      is short for &lt;code&gt;x = x + 1&lt;/code&gt;.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.3" href="#section-5.7.1.3">5.7.1.3</a>. Emphasis: EM</span>

      The &lt;EM&gt; element indicates an emphasized phrase, typically
      rendered as italics. For example:

      A singular subject &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; takes a singular verb.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.4" href="#section-5.7.1.4">5.7.1.4</a>. Keyboard: KBD</span>

      The &lt;KBD&gt; element indicates text typed by a user, typically
      rendered in a mono-spaced font. This is commonly used in
      instruction manuals. For example:

      Enter &lt;kbd&gt;FIND IT&lt;/kbd&gt; to search the database.





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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.5" href="#section-5.7.1.5">5.7.1.5</a>. Sample: SAMP</span>

      The &lt;SAMP&gt; element indicates a sequence of literal characters,
      typically rendered in a mono-spaced font. For example:

      The only word containing the letters &lt;samp&gt;mt&lt;/samp&gt; is dreamt.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.6" href="#section-5.7.1.6">5.7.1.6</a>. Strong Emphasis: STRONG</span>

      The &lt;STRONG&gt; element indicates strong emphasis, typically rendered
      in bold. For example:

      &lt;strong&gt;STOP&lt;/strong&gt;, or I'll say "&lt;strong&gt;STOP&lt;/strong&gt;" again!

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.1.7" href="#section-5.7.1.7">5.7.1.7</a>. Variable: VAR</span>

      The &lt;VAR&gt; element indicates a placeholder variable, typically
      rendered as italic. For example:

      Type &lt;SAMP&gt;html-check &lt;VAR&gt;file&lt;/VAR&gt; | more&lt;/SAMP&gt;
      to check &lt;VAR&gt;file&lt;/VAR&gt; for markup errors.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.2" href="#section-5.7.2">5.7.2</a>. Typographic Elements</span>

      Typographic elements are used to specify the format of marked
      text.

      Typical renderings for idiomatic elements may vary between user
      agents. If a specific rendering is necessary -- for example, when
      referring to a specific text attribute as in "The italic parts are
      mandatory" -- a typographic element can be used to ensure that the
      intended typography is used where possible.

      NOTE - User agents may support some typographic elements not
      included in this specification, as they have been deployed to some
      extent. The &lt;STRIKE&gt; element indicates horizontal line through the
      characters, and the &lt;U&gt; element indicates an underline.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.2.1" href="#section-5.7.2.1">5.7.2.1</a>. Bold: B</span>

   The &lt;B&gt; element indicates bold text. Where bold typography is
   unavailable, an alternative representation may be used.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.2.2" href="#section-5.7.2.2">5.7.2.2</a>. Italic: I</span>

   The &lt;I&gt; element indicates italic text. Where italic typography is
   unavailable, an alternative representation may be used.




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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.2.3" href="#section-5.7.2.3">5.7.2.3</a>. Teletype: TT</span>

   The &lt;TT&gt; element indicates teletype (monospaced )text. Where a
   teletype font is unavailable, an alternative representation may be
   used.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.7.3" href="#section-5.7.3">5.7.3</a>. Anchor: A</span>

   The &lt;A&gt; element indicates a hyperlink anchor (see 7, "Hyperlinks").
   At least one of the NAME and HREF attributes should be present.
   Attributes of the &lt;A&gt; element:

    HREF
            gives the URI of the head anchor of a hyperlink.

    NAME
            gives the name of the anchor, and makes it available as
            a head of a hyperlink.

    TITLE
            suggests a title for the destination resource --
            advisory only. The TITLE attribute may be used:

                * for display prior to accessing the destination
                resource, for example, as a margin note or on a
                small box while the mouse is over the anchor, or
                while the document is being loaded;

                * for resources that do not include a title, such as
                graphics, plain text and Gopher menus, for use as a
                window title.

    REL
            The REL attribute gives the relationship(s) described by
            the hyperlink. The value is a whitespace separated list
            of relationship names. The semantics of link
            relationships are not specified in this document.

    REV
            same as the REL attribute, but the semantics of the
            relationship are in the reverse direction. A link from A
            to B with REL="X" expresses the same relationship as a
            link from B to A with REV="X". An anchor may have both
            REL and REV attributes.

    URN
            specifies a preferred, more persistent identifier for
            the head anchor of the hyperlink. The syntax and



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            semantics of the URN attribute are not yet specified.

    METHODS
            specifies methods to be used in accessing the
            destination, as a whitespace-separated list of names.
            The set of applicable names is a function of the scheme
            of the URI in the HREF attribute. For similar reasons as
            for the TITLE attribute, it may be useful to include the
            information in advance in the link. For example, the
            HTML user agent may chose a different rendering as a
            function of the methods allowed; for example, something
            that is searchable may get a different icon.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.8" href="#section-5.8">5.8</a>. Line Break: BR</span>

   The &lt;BR&gt; element specifies a line break between words (see 6,
   "Characters, Words, and Paragraphs"). For example:

    &lt;P&gt; Pease porridge hot&lt;BR&gt;
    Pease porridge cold&lt;BR&gt;
    Pease porridge in the pot&lt;BR&gt;
    Nine days old.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.9" href="#section-5.9">5.9</a>. Horizontal Rule: HR</span>

   The &lt;HR&gt; element is a divider between sections of text; typically a
   full width horizontal rule or equivalent graphic.  For example:

    &lt;HR&gt;
    &lt;ADDRESS&gt;February 8, 1995, CERN&lt;/ADDRESS&gt;
    &lt;/BODY&gt;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.10" href="#section-5.10">5.10</a>. Image: IMG</span>

   The &lt;IMG&gt; element refers to an image or icon via a hyperlink (see
   7.3, "Simultaneous Presentation of Image Resources").

   HTML user agents may process the value of the ALT attribute as an
   alternative to processing the image resource indicated by the SRC
   attribute.

      NOTE - Some HTML user agents can process graphics linked via
      anchors, but not &lt;IMG&gt; graphics. If a graphic is essential, it
      should be referenced from an &lt;A&gt; element rather than an &lt;IMG&gt;
      element. If the graphic is not essential, then the &lt;IMG&gt; element
      is appropriate.

   Attributes of the &lt;IMG&gt; element:



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    ALIGN
            alignment of the image with respect to the text
            baseline.

                * `TOP' specifies that the top of the image aligns
                with the tallest item on the line containing the
                image.

                * `MIDDLE' specifies that the center of the image
                aligns with the baseline of the line containing the
                image.

                * `BOTTOM' specifies that the bottom of the image
                aligns with the baseline of the line containing the
                image.

    ALT
            text to use in place of the referenced image resource,
            for example due to processing constraints or user
            preference.

    ISMAP
            indicates an image map (see 7.6, "Image Maps").

    SRC
            specifies the URI of the image resource.

                NOTE - In practice, the media types of image
                resources are limited to a few raster graphic
                formats: typically `image/gif', `image/jpeg'. In
                particular, `text/html' resources are not
                intended to be used as image resources.

    Examples of use:

    &lt;IMG SRC="triangle.xbm" ALT="Warning:"&gt; Be sure
    to read these instructions.

    &lt;a href="http://machine/htbin/imagemap/sample"&gt;
    &lt;IMG SRC="sample.xbm" ISMAP&gt;
    &lt;/a&gt;

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Characters, Words, and Paragraphs</span>

   An HTML user agent should present the body of an HTML document as a
   collection of typeset paragraphs and preformatted text.  Except for
   preformatted elements (&lt;PRE&gt;, &lt;XMP&gt;, &lt;LISTING&gt;, &lt;TEXTAREA&gt;), each
   block structuring element is regarded as a paragraph by taking the



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   data characters in its content and the content of its descendant
   elements, concatenating them, and splitting the result into words,
   separated by space, tab, or record end characters (and perhaps hyphen
   characters). The sequence of words is typeset as a paragraph by
   breaking it into lines.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.1" href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>. The HTML Document Character Set</span>

   The document character set specified in 9.5, "SGML Declaration for
   HTML" must be supported by HTML user agents. It includes the graphic
   characters of Latin Alphabet No. 1, or simply Latin-1.  Latin-1
   comprises 191 graphic characters, including the alphabets of most
   Western European languages.

      NOTE - Use of the non-breaking space and soft hyphen indicator
      characters is discouraged because support for them is not widely
      deployed.

      NOTE - To support non-western writing systems, a larger character
      repertoire will be specified in a future version of HTML. The
      document character set will be [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>], or some subset that
      agrees with [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>]; in particular, all numeric character
      references must use code positions assigned by [<a href="#ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>].

   In SGML applications, the use of control characters is limited in
   order to maximize the chance of successful interchange over
   heterogeneous networks and operating systems. In the HTML document
   character set only three control characters are allowed: Horizontal
   Tab, Carriage Return, and Line Feed (code positions 9, 13, and 10).

   The HTML DTD references the Added Latin 1 entity set, to allow
   mnemonic representation of selected Latin 1 characters using only the
   widely supported ASCII character repertoire. For example:

   Kurt G&amp;ouml;del was a famous logician and mathematician.

   See 9.7.2, "ISO Latin 1 Character Entity Set" for a table of the
   "Added Latin 1" entities, and 13, "The HTML Coded Character Set" for
   a table of the code positions of [ISO 8859-1] and the control
   characters in the HTML document character set.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. Hyperlinks</span>

   In addition to general purpose elements such as paragraphs and lists,
   HTML documents can express hyperlinks. An HTML user agent allows the
   user to navigate these hyperlinks.





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   A hyperlink is a relationship between two anchors, called the head
   and the tail of the hyperlink[DEXTER]. Anchors are identified by an
   anchor address: an absolute Uniform Resource Identifier (URI),
   optionally followed by a '#' and a sequence of characters called a
   fragment identifier. For example:

   <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html</a>
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html#z31">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html#z31</a>

   In an anchor address, the URI refers to a resource; it may be used in
   a variety of information retrieval protocols to obtain an entity that
   represents the resource, such as an HTML document. The fragment
   identifier, if present, refers to some view on, or portion of the
   resource.

   Each of the following markup constructs indicates the tail anchor of
   a hyperlink or set of hyperlinks:

        * &lt;A&gt; elements with HREF present.

        * &lt;LINK&gt; elements.

        * &lt;IMG&gt; elements.

        * &lt;INPUT&gt; elements with the SRC attribute present.

        * &lt;ISINDEX&gt; elements.

        * &lt;FORM&gt; elements with `METHOD=GET'.

   These markup constructs refer to head anchors by a URI, either
   absolute or relative, or a fragment identifier, or both.

   In the case of a relative URI, the absolute URI in the address of the
   head anchor is the result of combining the relative URI with a base
   absolute URI as in [<a href="#ref-RELURL">RELURL</a>]. The base document is taken from the
   document's &lt;BASE&gt; element, if present; else, it is determined as in
   [<a href="#ref-RELURL">RELURL</a>].

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.1" href="#section-7.1">7.1</a>. Accessing Resources</span>

   Once the address of the head anchor is determined, the user agent may
   obtain a representation of the resource.

   For example, if the base URI is `http://host/x/y.html' and the
   document contains:

   &lt;img src="../icons/abc.gif"&gt;



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   then the user agent uses the URI `http://host/icons/abc.gif' to
   access the resource, as in [<a href="#ref-URL">URL</a>]..

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.2" href="#section-7.2">7.2</a>. Activation of Hyperlinks</span>

   An HTML user agent allows the user to navigate the content of the
   document and request activation of hyperlinks denoted by &lt;A&gt;
   elements. HTML user agents should also allow activation of &lt;LINK&gt;
   element hyperlinks.

   To activate a link, the user agent obtains a representation of the
   resource identified in the address of the head anchor. If the
   representation is another HTML document, navigation may begin again
   with this new document.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.3" href="#section-7.3">7.3</a>. Simultaneous Presentation of Image Resources</span>

   An HTML user agent may activate hyperlinks indicated by &lt;IMG&gt; and
   &lt;INPUT&gt; elements concurrently with processing the document; that is,
   image hyperlinks may be processed without explicit request by the
   user. Image resources should be embedded in the presentation at the
   point of the tail anchor, that is the &lt;IMG&gt; or &lt;INPUT&gt; element.

   &lt;LINK&gt; hyperlinks may also be processed without explicit user
   request; for example, style sheet resources may be processed before
   or during the processing of the document.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.4" href="#section-7.4">7.4</a>. Fragment Identifiers</span>

   Any characters following a `#' character in a hypertext address
   constitute a fragment identifier. In particular, an address of the
   form `#fragment' refers to an anchor in the same document.

   The meaning of fragment identifiers depends on the media type of the
   representation of the anchor's resource. For `text/html'
   representations, it refers to the &lt;A&gt; element with a NAME attribute
   whose value is the same as the fragment identifier.  The matching is
   case sensitive. The document should have exactly one such element.
   The user agent should indicate the anchor element, for example by
   scrolling to and/or highlighting the phrase.

   For example, if the base URI is `http://host/x/y.html' and the user
   activated the link denoted by the following markup:

   &lt;p&gt; See: &lt;a href="app1.html#bananas"&gt;appendix 1&lt;/a&gt;
   for more detail on bananas.





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   Then the user agent accesses the resource identified by
   `http://host/x/app1.html'. Assuming the resource is represented using
   the `text/html' media type, the user agent must locate the &lt;A&gt;
   element whose NAME attribute is `bananas' and begin navigation there.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.5" href="#section-7.5">7.5</a>. Queries and Indexes</span>

   The &lt;ISINDEX&gt; element represents a set of hyperlinks. The user can
   choose from the set by providing keywords to the user agent.  The
   user agent computes the head URI by appending `?' and the keywords to
   the base URI. The keywords are escaped according to [<a href="#ref-URL">URL</a>] and joined
   by `+'. For example, if a document contains:

    &lt;BASE HREF="http://host/index"&gt;
    &lt;ISINDEX&gt;

    and the user provides the keywords `apple' and `berry', then the
    user agent must access the resource
    `http://host/index?apple+berry'.

    &lt;FORM&gt; elements with `METHOD=GET' also represent sets of
    hyperlinks. See 8.2.2, "Query Forms: METHOD=GET" for details.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.6" href="#section-7.6">7.6</a>. Image Maps</span>

   If the ISMAP attribute is present on an &lt;IMG&gt; element, the &lt;IMG&gt;
   element must be contained in an &lt;A&gt; element with an HREF present.
   This construct represents a set of hyperlinks. The user can choose
   from the set by choosing a pixel of the image. The user agent
   computes the head URI by appending `?' and the x and y coordinates of
   the pixel to the URI given in the &lt;A&gt; element.  For example, if a
   document contains:

   &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
   &lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;ImageMap Example&lt;/title&gt;
   &lt;BASE HREF="http://host/index"&gt;&lt;/head&gt;
   &lt;body&gt;
   &lt;p&gt; Choose any of these icons:&lt;br&gt;
   &lt;a href="/cgi-bin/imagemap"&gt;&lt;img ismap src="icons.gif"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

   and the user chooses the upper-leftmost pixel, the chosen
   hyperlink is the one with the URI
   `http://host/cgi-bin/imagemap?0,0'.








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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. Forms</span>

   A form is a template for a form data set and an associated
   method and action URI. A form data set is a sequence of
   name/value pair fields. The names are specified on the NAME
   attributes of form input elements, and the values are given
   initial values by various forms of markup and edited by the
   user. The resulting form data set is used to access an
   information service as a function of the action and method.

   Forms elements can be mixed in with document structuring
   elements. For example, a &lt;PRE&gt; element may contain a &lt;FORM&gt;
   element, or a &lt;FORM&gt; element may contain lists which contain
   &lt;INPUT&gt; elements. This gives considerable flexibility in
   designing the layout of forms.

   Form processing is a level 2 feature.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1" href="#section-8.1">8.1</a>. Form Elements</span>

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.1" href="#section-8.1.1">8.1.1</a>. Form: FORM</span>

   The &lt;FORM&gt; element contains a sequence of input elements, along
   with document structuring elements. The attributes are:

    ACTION
            specifies the action URI for the form. The action URI of
            a form defaults to the base URI of the document (see 7,
            "Hyperlinks").

    METHOD
            selects a method of accessing the action URI. The set of
            applicable methods is a function of the scheme of the
            action URI of the form. See 8.2.2, "Query Forms:
            METHOD=GET" and 8.2.3, "Forms with Side-Effects:
            METHOD=POST".

    ENCTYPE
            specifies the media type used to encode the name/value
            pairs for transport, in case the protocol does not
            itself impose a format. See 8.2.1, "The form-urlencoded
            Media Type".

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2" href="#section-8.1.2">8.1.2</a>. Input Field: INPUT</span>

   The &lt;INPUT&gt; element represents a field for user input. The TYPE
   attribute discriminates between several variations of fields.




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   The &lt;INPUT&gt; element has a number of attributes. The set of applicable
   attributes depends on the value of the TYPE attribute.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.1" href="#section-8.1.2.1">8.1.2.1</a>. Text Field: INPUT TYPE=TEXT</span>

   The default value of the TYPE attribute is `TEXT', indicating a
   single line text entry field. (Use the &lt;TEXTAREA&gt; element for multi-
   line text fields.)

   Required attributes are:

    NAME
            name for the form field corresponding to this element.

    The optional attributes are:

    MAXLENGTH
            constrains the number of characters that can be entered
            into a text input field. If the value of MAXLENGTH is
            greater the the value of the SIZE attribute, the field
            should scroll appropriately. The default number of
            characters is unlimited.

    SIZE
            specifies the amount of display space allocated to this
            input field according to its type. The default depends
            on the user agent.

    VALUE
            The initial value of the field.

    For example:

&lt;p&gt;Street Address: &lt;input name=street&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Postal City code: &lt;input name=city size=16 maxlength=16&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Zip Code: &lt;input name=zip size=10 maxlength=10 value="99999-9999"&gt;&lt;br&gt;

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.2" href="#section-8.1.2.2">8.1.2.2</a>. Password Field: INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=PASSWORD' is a text field as above,
   except that the value is obscured as it is entered. (see also: 10,
   "Security Considerations").

   For example:

&lt;p&gt;Name: &lt;input name=login&gt; Password: &lt;input type=password name=passwd&gt;





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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.3" href="#section-8.1.2.3">8.1.2.3</a>. Check Box: INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=CHECKBOX' represents a boolean choice.
   A set of such elements with the same name represents an n-of-many
   choice field. Required attributes are:

    NAME
            symbolic name for the form field corresponding to this
            element or group of elements.

    VALUE
            The portion of the value of the field contributed by
            this element.

    Optional attributes are:

    CHECKED
            indicates that the initial state is on.

    For example:

  &lt;p&gt;What flavors do you like?
  &lt;input type=checkbox name=flavor value=vanilla&gt;Vanilla&lt;br&gt;
  &lt;input type=checkbox name=flavor value=strawberry&gt;Strawberry&lt;br&gt;
  &lt;input type=checkbox name=flavor value=chocolate checked&gt;Chocolate&lt;br&gt;

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.4" href="#section-8.1.2.4">8.1.2.4</a>. Radio Button: INPUT TYPE=RADIO</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=RADIO' represents a boolean choice. A
   set of such elements with the same name represents a 1-of-many choice
   field. The NAME and VALUE attributes are required as for check boxes.
   Optional attributes are:

    CHECKED
            indicates that the initial state is on.
   At all times, exactly one of the radio buttons in a set is checked.
   If none of the &lt;INPUT&gt; elements of a set of radio buttons specifies
   `CHECKED', then the user agent must check the first radio button of
   the set initially.

   For example:

    &lt;p&gt;Which is your favorite?
    &lt;input type=radio name=flavor value=vanilla&gt;Vanilla&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;input type=radio name=flavor value=strawberry&gt;Strawberry&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;input type=radio name=flavor value=chocolate&gt;Chocolate&lt;br&gt;





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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.5" href="#section-8.1.2.5">8.1.2.5</a>. Image Pixel: INPUT TYPE=IMAGE</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=IMAGE' specifies an image resource to
   display, and allows input of two form fields: the x and y coordinate
   of a pixel chosen from the image. The names of the fields are the
   name of the field with `.x' and `.y' appended.  `TYPE=IMAGE' implies
   `TYPE=SUBMIT' processing; that is, when a pixel is chosen, the form
   as a whole is submitted.

   The NAME attribute is required as for other input fields. The SRC
   attribute is required and the ALIGN is optional as for the &lt;IMG&gt;
   element (see 5.10, "Image: IMG").

   For example:

    &lt;p&gt;Choose a point on the map:
    &lt;input type=image name=point src="map.gif"&gt;

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.6" href="#section-8.1.2.6">8.1.2.6</a>. Hidden Field: INPUT TYPE=HIDDEN</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=HIDDEN' represents a hidden field.The
   user does not interact with this field; instead, the VALUE attribute
   specifies the value of the field. The NAME and VALUE attributes are
   required.

   For example:

   &lt;input type=hidden name=context value="l2k3j4l2k3j4l2k3j4lk23"&gt;

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.7" href="#section-8.1.2.7">8.1.2.7</a>. Submit Button: INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=SUBMIT' represents an input option,
   typically a button, that instructs the user agent to submit the form.
   Optional attributes are:

    NAME
            indicates that this element contributes a form field
            whose value is given by the VALUE attribute. If the NAME
            attribute is not present, this element does not
            contribute a form field.

    VALUE
            indicates a label for the input (button).

    You may submit this request internally:
    &lt;input type=submit name=recipient value=internal&gt;&lt;br&gt;
    or to the external world:
    &lt;input type=submit name=recipient value=world&gt;



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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.2.8" href="#section-8.1.2.8">8.1.2.8</a>. Reset Button: INPUT TYPE=RESET</span>

   An &lt;INPUT&gt; element with `TYPE=RESET' represents an input option,
   typically a button, that instructs the user agent to reset the form's
   fields to their initial states. The VALUE attribute, if present,
   indicates a label for the input (button).

   When you are finished, you may submit this request:
   &lt;input type=submit&gt;&lt;br&gt;
   You may clear the form and start over at any time: &lt;input type=reset&gt;

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.3" href="#section-8.1.3">8.1.3</a>. Selection: SELECT</span>

   The &lt;SELECT&gt; element constrains the form field to an enumerated list
   of values. The values are given in &lt;OPTION&gt; elements.  Attributes
   are:

    MULTIPLE
            indicates that more than one option may be included in
            the value.

    NAME
            specifies the name of the form field.

    SIZE
            specifies the number of visible items. Select fields of
            size one are typically pop-down menus, whereas select
            fields with size greater than one are typically lists.

    For example:

    &lt;SELECT NAME="flavor"&gt;
    &lt;OPTION&gt;Vanilla
    &lt;OPTION&gt;Strawberry
    &lt;OPTION value="RumRasin"&gt;Rum and Raisin
    &lt;OPTION selected&gt;Peach and Orange
    &lt;/SELECT&gt;

   The initial state has the first option selected, unless a SELECTED
   attribute is present on any of the &lt;OPTION&gt; elements.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.3.1" href="#section-8.1.3.1">8.1.3.1</a>. Option: OPTION</span>

   The Option element can only occur within a Select element. It
   represents one choice, and has the following attributes:

    SELECTED
            Indicates that this option is initially selected.



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    VALUE
            indicates the value to be returned if this option is
            chosen. The field value defaults to the content of the
            &lt;OPTION&gt; element.

   The content of the &lt;OPTION&gt; element is presented to the user to
   represent the option. It is used as a returned value if the VALUE
   attribute is not present.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1.4" href="#section-8.1.4">8.1.4</a>. Text Area: TEXTAREA</span>

   The &lt;TEXTAREA&gt; element represents a multi-line text field.
   Attributes are:

    COLS
            the number of visible columns to display for the text
            area, in characters.

    NAME
            Specifies the name of the form field.

    ROWS
            The number of visible rows to display for the text area,
            in characters.

    For example:

    &lt;TEXTAREA NAME="address" ROWS=6 COLS=64&gt;
    HaL Computer Systems
    1315 Dell Avenue
    Campbell, California 95008
    &lt;/TEXTAREA&gt;

   The content of the &lt;TEXTAREA&gt; element is the field's initial value.

   Typically, the ROWS and COLS attributes determine the visible
   dimension of the field in characters. The field is typically rendered
   in a fixed-width font. HTML user agents should allow text to extend
   beyond these limits by scrolling as needed.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.2" href="#section-8.2">8.2</a>. Form Submission</span>

   An HTML user agent begins processing a form by presenting the
   document with the fields in their initial state. The user is allowed
   to modify the fields, constrained by the field type etc.  When the
   user indicates that the form should be submitted (using a submit
   button or image input), the form data set is processed according to
   its method, action URI and enctype.



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 45]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-46" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


   When there is only one single-line text input field in a form, the
   user agent should accept Enter in that field as a request to submit
   the form.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.2.1" href="#section-8.2.1">8.2.1</a>. The form-urlencoded Media Type</span>

   The default encoding for all forms is `application/x-www-form-
   urlencoded'. A form data set is represented in this media type as
   follows:

        1. The form field names and values are escaped: space
        characters are replaced by `+', and then reserved characters
        are escaped as per [<a href="#ref-URL">URL</a>]; that is, non-alphanumeric
        characters are replaced by `%HH', a percent sign and two
        hexadecimal digits representing the ASCII code of the
        character. Line breaks, as in multi-line text field values,
        are represented as CR LF pairs, i.e. `%0D%0A'.

        2. The fields are listed in the order they appear in the
        document with the name separated from the value by `=' and
        the pairs separated from each other by `&amp;'. Fields with null
        values may be omitted. In particular, unselected radio
        buttons and checkboxes should not appear in the encoded
        data, but hidden fields with VALUE attributes present
        should.

            NOTE - The URI from a query form submission can be
            used in a normal anchor style hyperlink.
            Unfortunately, the use of the `&amp;' character to
            separate form fields interacts with its use in SGML
            attribute values as an entity reference delimiter.
            For example, the URI `http://host/?x=1&amp;y=2' must be
            written `&lt;a href="http://host/?x=1&amp;#38;y=2"' or `&lt;a
            href="http://host/?x=1&amp;amp;y=2"&gt;'.

            HTTP server implementors, and in particular, CGI
            implementors are encouraged to support the use of
            `;' in place of `&amp;' to save users the trouble of
            escaping `&amp;' characters this way.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.2.2" href="#section-8.2.2">8.2.2</a>. Query Forms: METHOD=GET</span>

   If the processing of a form is idempotent (i.e. it has no lasting
   observable effect on the state of the world), then the form method
   should be `GET'. Many database searches have no visible side-effects
   and make ideal applications of query forms.





<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 46]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-47" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


   To process a form whose action URL is an HTTP URL and whose method is
   `GET', the user agent starts with the action URI and appends a `?'
   and the form data set, in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded' format
   as above. The user agent then traverses the link to this URI just as
   if it were an anchor (see 7.2, "Activation of Hyperlinks").

      NOTE - The URL encoding may result in very long URIs, which cause
      some historical HTTP server implementations to exhibit defective
      behavior. As a result, some HTML forms are written using
      `METHOD=POST' even though the form submission has no side-effects.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.2.3" href="#section-8.2.3">8.2.3</a>. Forms with Side-Effects: METHOD=POST</span>

   If the service associated with the processing of a form has side
   effects (for example, modification of a database or subscription to a
   service), the method should be `POST'.

   To process a form whose action URL is an HTTP URL and whose method is
   `POST', the user agent conducts an HTTP POST transaction using the
   action URI, and a message body of type `application/x-www-form-
   urlencoded' format as above. The user agent should display the
   response from the HTTP POST interaction just as it would display the
   response from an HTTP GET above.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.2.4" href="#section-8.2.4">8.2.4</a>. Example Form Submission: Questionnaire Form</span>

   Consider the following document:

    &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Sample of HTML Form Submission&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;H1&gt;Sample Questionnaire&lt;/H1&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Please fill out this questionnaire:
    &lt;FORM METHOD="POST" ACTION="http://www.w3.org/sample"&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Your name: &lt;INPUT NAME="name" size="48"&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Male &lt;INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="male"&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Female &lt;INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="female"&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Number in family: &lt;INPUT NAME="family" TYPE=text&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Cities in which you maintain a residence:
    &lt;UL&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;Kent &lt;INPUT NAME="city" TYPE=checkbox VALUE="kent"&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;Miami &lt;INPUT NAME="city" TYPE=checkbox VALUE="miami"&gt;
    &lt;LI&gt;Other &lt;TEXTAREA NAME="other" cols=48 rows=4&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;
    &lt;/UL&gt;
    Nickname: &lt;INPUT NAME="nickname" SIZE="42"&gt;
    &lt;P&gt;Thank you for responding to this questionnaire.
    &lt;P&gt;&lt;INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=RESET&gt;
    &lt;/FORM&gt;




<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 47]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-48" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    The initial state of the form data set is:

    name
            ""

    gender
            "male"

    family
            ""

    other
            ""

    nickname
            ""

    Note that the radio input has an initial value, while the
    checkbox has none.

    The user might edit the fields and request that the form be
    submitted. At that point, suppose the values are:

    name
            "John Doe"

    gender
            "male"

    family
            "5"

    city
            "kent"

    city
            "miami"

    other
            "abc\ndefk"

    nickname
            "J&amp;D"

   The user agent then conducts an HTTP POST transaction using the URI
   `http://www.w3.org/sample'. The message body would be (ignore the
   line break):




<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 48]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-49" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


   name=John+Doe&amp;gender=male&amp;family=5&amp;city=kent&amp;city=miami&amp;
   other=abc%0D%0Adef&amp;nickname=J%26D

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. HTML Public Text</span>

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.1" href="#section-9.1">9.1</a>. HTML DTD</span>

   This is the Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup
   Language, level 2.

&lt;!--    html.dtd

        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
                 (HTML DTD)

        $Id: html.dtd,v 1.30 1995/09/21 23:30:19 connolly Exp $

        Author: Daniel W. Connolly &lt;connolly@w3.org&gt;
        See Also: html.decl, html-1.dtd
          <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html</a>
--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Version
        "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"

        -- Typical usage:

            &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"&gt;
            &lt;html&gt;
            ...
            &lt;/html&gt;
        --
        &gt;


&lt;!--============ Feature Test Entities ========================--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "IGNORE"
        -- Certain features of the language are necessary for
           compatibility with widespread usage, but they may
           compromise the structural integrity of a document.
           This feature test entity enables a more prescriptive
           document type definition that eliminates
           those features.
        --&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Recommended [
        &lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "IGNORE"&gt;



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<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-50" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


]]&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "INCLUDE"
        -- Certain features of the language are necessary for
           compatibility with earlier versions of the specification,
           but they tend to be used and implemented inconsistently,
           and their use is deprecated. This feature test entity
           enables a document type definition that eliminates
           these features.
        --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Highlighting "INCLUDE"
        -- Use this feature test entity to validate that a
           document uses no highlighting tags, which may be
           ignored on minimal implementations.
        --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "INCLUDE"
        -- Use this feature test entity to validate that a document
           contains no forms, which may not be supported in minimal
           implementations
        --&gt;

&lt;!--============== Imported Names ==============================--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % Content-Type "CDATA"
        -- meaning an internet media type
           (aka MIME content type, as per <a href="./rfc1521">RFC1521</a>)
        --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "GET | POST"
        -- as per HTTP specification, in progress
        --&gt;

&lt;!--========= DTD "Macros" =====================--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % heading "H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % list " UL | OL | DIR | MENU " &gt;


&lt;!--======= Character mnemonic entities =================--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
  "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML"&gt;
%ISOlat1;

&lt;!ENTITY amp CDATA "&amp;#38;"     -- ampersand          --&gt;



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 50]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-51" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


&lt;!ENTITY gt CDATA "&amp;#62;"      -- greater than       --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY lt CDATA "&amp;#60;"      -- less than          --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY quot CDATA "&amp;#34;"    -- double quote       --&gt;


&lt;!--========= SGML Document Access (SDA) Parameter Entities =====--&gt;

&lt;!-- HTML 2.0 contains SGML Document Access (SDA) fixed attributes
in support of easy transformation to the International Committee
for Accessible Document Design (ICADD) DTD
         "-//EC-USA-CDA/ICADD//DTD ICADD22//EN".
ICADD applications are designed to support usable access to
structured information by print-impaired individuals through
Braille, large print and voice synthesis.  For more information on
SDA &amp; ICADD:
        - ISO 12083:1993, Annex A.8, Facilities for Braille,
          large print and computer voice
        - ICADD ListServ
          &lt;ICADD%ASUACAD.BITNET@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu&gt;
        - Usenet news group bit.listserv.easi
        - Recording for the Blind, +1 800 221 4792
--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % SDAFORM  "SDAFORM  CDATA  #FIXED"
          -- one to one mapping        --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % SDARULE  "SDARULE  CDATA  #FIXED"
          -- context-sensitive mapping --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % SDAPREF  "SDAPREF  CDATA  #FIXED"
          -- generated text prefix     --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % SDASUFF  "SDASUFF  CDATA  #FIXED"
          -- generated text suffix     --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % SDASUSP  "SDASUSP  NAME   #FIXED"
          -- suspend transform process --&gt;


&lt;!--========== Text Markup =====================--&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Highlighting [

&lt;!ENTITY % font " TT | B | I "&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % phrase "EM | STRONG | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR | CITE "&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | A | IMG | BR | %phrase | %font"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT (%font;|%phrase) - - (%text)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST ( TT | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR )
        %SDAFORM; "Lit"



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 51]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-52" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST ( B | STRONG )
        %SDAFORM; "B"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST ( I | EM | CITE )
        %SDAFORM; "It"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;TT&gt;       Typewriter text                         --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;B&gt;        Bold text                               --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;I&gt;        Italic text                             --&gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;EM&gt;       Emphasized phrase                       --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;STRONG&gt;   Strong emphasis                         --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;CODE&gt;     Source code phrase                      --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;SAMP&gt;     Sample text or characters               --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;KBD&gt;      Keyboard phrase, e.g. user input        --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;VAR&gt;      Variable phrase or substitutable        --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;CITE&gt;     Name or title of cited work             --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % pre.content "#PCDATA | A | HR | BR | %font | %phrase"&gt;

]]&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | A | IMG | BR"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT BR    - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST BR
        %SDAPREF; "&amp;#RE;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;BR&gt;       Line break      --&gt;


&lt;!--========= Link Markup ======================--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % linkType "NAMES"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % linkExtraAttributes
        "REL %linkType #IMPLIED
        REV %linkType #IMPLIED
        URN CDATA #IMPLIED
        TITLE CDATA #IMPLIED
        METHODS NAMES #IMPLIED
        "&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Recommended [
        &lt;!ENTITY % A.content   "(%text)*"



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 52]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-53" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


        -- &lt;H1&gt;&lt;a name="xxx"&gt;Heading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/H1&gt;
                is preferred to
           &lt;a name="xxx"&gt;&lt;H1&gt;Heading&lt;/H1&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
        --&gt;
]]&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % A.content   "(%heading|%text)*"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT A     - - %A.content -(A)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST A
        HREF CDATA #IMPLIED
        NAME CDATA #IMPLIED
        %linkExtraAttributes;
        %SDAPREF; "&lt;Anchor: #AttList&gt;"
        &gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A&gt;                Anchor; source/destination of link      --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A NAME="..."&gt;     Name of this anchor                     --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A HREF="..."&gt;     Address of link destination             --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A URN="..."&gt;      Permanent address of destination        --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A REL=...&gt;        Relationship to destination             --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A REV=...&gt;        Relationship of destination to this     --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A TITLE="..."&gt;    Title of destination (advisory)         --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;A METHODS="..."&gt;  Operations on destination (advisory)    --&gt;


&lt;!--========== Images ==========================--&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT IMG    - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST IMG
        SRC CDATA  #REQUIRED
        ALT CDATA #IMPLIED
        ALIGN (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED
        ISMAP (ISMAP) #IMPLIED
        %SDAPREF; "&lt;Fig&gt;&lt;?SDATrans Img: #AttList&gt;#AttVal(Alt)&lt;/Fig&gt;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;IMG&gt;              Image; icon, glyph or illustration      --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;IMG SRC="..."&gt;    Address of image object                 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;IMG ALT="..."&gt;    Textual alternative                     --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;IMG ALIGN=...&gt;    Position relative to text               --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;IMG ISMAP&gt;        Each pixel can be a link                --&gt;

&lt;!--========== Paragraphs=======================--&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT P     - O (%text)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST P
        %SDAFORM; "Para"
        &gt;



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 53]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-54" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


&lt;!-- &lt;P&gt;        Paragraph       --&gt;


&lt;!--========== Headings, Titles, Sections ===============--&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT HR    - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST HR
        %SDAPREF; "&amp;#RE;&amp;#RE;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;HR&gt;       Horizontal rule --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT ( %heading )  - -  (%text;)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST H1
        %SDAFORM; "H1"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST H2
        %SDAFORM; "H2"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST H3
        %SDAFORM; "H3"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST H4
        %SDAFORM; "H4"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST H5
        %SDAFORM; "H5"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST H6
        %SDAFORM; "H6"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;H1&gt;       Heading, level 1 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;H2&gt;       Heading, level 2 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;H3&gt;       Heading, level 3 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;H4&gt;       Heading, level 4 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;H5&gt;       Heading, level 5 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;H6&gt;       Heading, level 6 --&gt;


&lt;!--========== Text Flows ======================--&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Forms [
        &lt;!ENTITY % block.forms "BLOCKQUOTE | FORM | ISINDEX"&gt;
]]&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % block.forms "BLOCKQUOTE"&gt;




<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 54]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-55" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


&lt;![ %HTML.Deprecated [
        &lt;!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE | XMP | LISTING"&gt;
]]&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % block "P | %list | DL
        | %preformatted
        | %block.forms"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % flow "(%text|%block)*"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % pre.content "#PCDATA | A | HR | BR"&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT PRE - - (%pre.content)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST PRE
        WIDTH NUMBER #implied
        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;PRE&gt;              Preformatted text               --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;PRE WIDTH=...&gt;    Maximum characters per line     --&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Deprecated [

&lt;!ENTITY % literal "CDATA"
        -- historical, non-conforming parsing mode where
           the only markup signal is the end tag
           in full
        --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT (XMP|LISTING) - -  %literal&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST XMP
        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
        %SDAPREF; "Example:&amp;#RE;"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST LISTING
        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
        %SDAPREF; "Listing:&amp;#RE;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;XMP&gt;              Example section         --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LISTING&gt;          Computer listing        --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT PLAINTEXT - O %literal&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;PLAINTEXT&gt;        Plain text passage      --&gt;

&lt;!ATTLIST PLAINTEXT
        %SDAFORM; "Lit"



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 55]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-56" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


        &gt;
]]&gt;

&lt;!--========== Lists ==================--&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT DL    - -  (DT | DD)+&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DL
        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "List"
        %SDAPREF; "Definition List:"
        &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT DT    - O (%text)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DT
        %SDAFORM; "Term"
        &gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT DD    - O %flow&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DD
        %SDAFORM; "LItem"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;DL&gt;               Definition list, or glossary    --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;DL COMPACT&gt;       Compact style list              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;DT&gt;               Term in definition list         --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;DD&gt;               Definition of term              --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT (OL|UL) - -  (LI)+&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST OL
        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "List"
        &gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST UL
        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "List"
        &gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;UL&gt;               Unordered list                  --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;UL COMPACT&gt;       Compact list style              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;OL&gt;               Ordered, or numbered list       --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;OL COMPACT&gt;       Compact list style              --&gt;


&lt;!ELEMENT (DIR|MENU) - -  (LI)+ -(%block)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST DIR
        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "List"
        %SDAPREF; "&lt;LHead&gt;Directory&lt;/LHead&gt;"
        &gt;



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 56]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-57" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


&lt;!ATTLIST MENU
        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "List"
        %SDAPREF; "&lt;LHead&gt;Menu&lt;/LHead&gt;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;DIR&gt;              Directory list                  --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;DIR COMPACT&gt;      Compact list style              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;MENU&gt;             Menu list                       --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;MENU COMPACT&gt;     Compact list style              --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT LI    - O %flow&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST LI
        %SDAFORM; "LItem"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;LI&gt;               List item                       --&gt;

&lt;!--========== Document Body ===================--&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Recommended [
        &lt;!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading|%block|HR|ADDRESS|IMG)*"
        -- &lt;h1&gt;Heading&lt;/h1&gt;
           &lt;p&gt;Text ...
                is preferred to
           &lt;h1&gt;Heading&lt;/h1&gt;
           Text ...
        --&gt;
]]&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading | %text | %block |
                                 HR | ADDRESS)*"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT BODY O O  %body.content&gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;BODY&gt;     Document body   --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - %body.content&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST BLOCKQUOTE
        %SDAFORM; "BQ"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;       Quoted passage  --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - (%text|P)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST  ADDRESS
        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
        %SDAPREF; "Address:&amp;#RE;"



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        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;ADDRESS&gt;  Address, signature, or byline   --&gt;


&lt;!--======= Forms ====================--&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Forms [

&lt;!ELEMENT FORM - - %body.content -(FORM) +(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST FORM
        ACTION CDATA #IMPLIED
        METHOD (%HTTP-Method) GET
        ENCTYPE %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
        %SDAPREF; "&lt;Para&gt;Form:&lt;/Para&gt;"
        %SDASUFF; "&lt;Para&gt;Form End.&lt;/Para&gt;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;FORM&gt;                     Fill-out or data-entry form     --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;FORM ACTION="..."&gt;        Address for completed form      --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;FORM METHOD=...&gt;          Method of submitting form       --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;FORM ENCTYPE="..."&gt;       Representation of form data     --&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % InputType "(TEXT | PASSWORD | CHECKBOX |
                        RADIO | SUBMIT | RESET |
                        IMAGE | HIDDEN )"&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST INPUT
        TYPE %InputType TEXT
        NAME CDATA #IMPLIED
        VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED
        SRC CDATA #IMPLIED
        CHECKED (CHECKED) #IMPLIED
        SIZE CDATA #IMPLIED
        MAXLENGTH NUMBER #IMPLIED
        ALIGN (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED
        %SDAPREF; "Input: "
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT&gt;                    Form input datum                --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT TYPE=...&gt;           Type of input interaction       --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT NAME=...&gt;           Name of form datum              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT VALUE="..."&gt;        Default/initial/selected value  --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT SRC="..."&gt;          Address of image                --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT CHECKED&gt;            Initial state is "on"           --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT SIZE=...&gt;           Field size hint                 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT MAXLENGTH=...&gt;      Data length maximum             --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;INPUT ALIGN=...&gt;          Image alignment                 --&gt;



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&lt;!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTION+) -(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST SELECT
        NAME CDATA #REQUIRED
        SIZE NUMBER #IMPLIED
        MULTIPLE (MULTIPLE) #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "List"
        %SDAPREF;
        "&lt;LHead&gt;Select #AttVal(Multiple)&lt;/LHead&gt;"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;SELECT&gt;                   Selection of option(s)          --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;SELECT NAME=...&gt;          Name of form datum              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;SELECT SIZE=...&gt;          Options displayed at a time     --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;SELECT MULTIPLE&gt;          Multiple selections allowed     --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA)*&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST OPTION
        SELECTED (SELECTED) #IMPLIED
        VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED
        %SDAFORM; "LItem"
        %SDAPREF;
        "Option: #AttVal(Value) #AttVal(Selected)"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;OPTION&gt;                   A selection option              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;OPTION SELECTED&gt;          Initial state                   --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;OPTION VALUE="..."&gt;       Form datum value for this option--&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA)* -(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST TEXTAREA
        NAME CDATA #REQUIRED
        ROWS NUMBER #REQUIRED
        COLS NUMBER #REQUIRED
        %SDAFORM; "Para"
        %SDAPREF; "Input Text -- #AttVal(Name): "
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;TEXTAREA&gt;                 An area for text input          --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;TEXTAREA NAME=...&gt;        Name of form datum              --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;TEXTAREA ROWS=...&gt;        Height of area                  --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;TEXTAREA COLS=...&gt;        Width of area                   --&gt;

]]&gt;


&lt;!--======= Document Head ======================--&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Recommended [



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        &lt;!ENTITY % head.extra ""&gt;
]]&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % head.extra "&amp; NEXTID?"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE &amp; ISINDEX? &amp; BASE? %head.extra"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT HEAD O O  (%head.content) +(META|LINK)&gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;HEAD&gt;     Document head   --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT TITLE - -  (#PCDATA)*  -(META|LINK)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST TITLE
        %SDAFORM; "Ti"    &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;TITLE&gt;    Title of document --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST LINK
        HREF CDATA #REQUIRED
        %linkExtraAttributes;
        %SDAPREF; "Linked to : #AttVal (TITLE) (URN) (HREF)&gt;"    &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;LINK&gt;             Link from this document                 --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LINK HREF="..."&gt;  Address of link destination             --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LINK URN="..."&gt;   Lasting name of destination             --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LINK REL=...&gt;     Relationship to destination             --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LINK REV=...&gt;     Relationship of destination to this     --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LINK TITLE="..."&gt; Title of destination (advisory)         --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;LINK METHODS="..."&gt; Operations allowed (advisory)         --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT ISINDEX - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST ISINDEX
        %SDAPREF;
   "&lt;Para&gt;[Document is indexed/searchable.]&lt;/Para&gt;"&gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;ISINDEX&gt;          Document is a searchable index          --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT BASE - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST BASE
        HREF CDATA #REQUIRED     &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;BASE&gt;             Base context document                   --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;BASE HREF="..."&gt;  Address for this document               --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT NEXTID - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST NEXTID
        N CDATA #REQUIRED     &gt;




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&lt;!-- &lt;NEXTID&gt;           Next ID to use for link name            --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;NEXTID N=...&gt;     Next ID to use for link name            --&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST META
        HTTP-EQUIV  NAME    #IMPLIED
        NAME        NAME    #IMPLIED
        CONTENT     CDATA   #REQUIRED    &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;META&gt;                     Generic Meta-information        --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;META HTTP-EQUIV=...&gt;      HTTP response header name       --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;META NAME=...&gt;            Meta-information name           --&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;META CONTENT="..."&gt;       Associated information          --&gt;

&lt;!--======= Document Structure =================--&gt;

&lt;![ %HTML.Deprecated [
        &lt;!ENTITY % html.content "HEAD, BODY, PLAINTEXT?"&gt;
]]&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % html.content "HEAD, BODY"&gt;

&lt;!ELEMENT HTML O O  (%html.content)&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % version.attr "VERSION CDATA #FIXED '%HTML.Version;'"&gt;

&lt;!ATTLIST HTML
        %version.attr;
        %SDAFORM; "Book"
        &gt;

&lt;!-- &lt;HTML&gt;                     HTML Document   --&gt;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.2" href="#section-9.2">9.2</a>. Strict HTML DTD</span>

   This document type declaration refers to the HTML DTD with the
   `HTML.Recommended' entity defined as `INCLUDE' rather than IGNORE;
   that is, it refers to the more structurally rigid definition of HTML.

&lt;!--    html-s.dtd

        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
        with strict validation (HTML Strict DTD).

        $Id: html-s.dtd,v 1.3 1995/06/02 18:55:46 connolly Exp $

        Author: Daniel W. Connolly &lt;connolly@w3.org&gt;
        See Also: <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html</a>
--&gt;




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&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Version
        "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//EN"

        -- Typical usage:

            &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
                "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN"&gt;
            &lt;html&gt;
            ...
            &lt;/html&gt;
        --
        &gt;

&lt;!-- Feature Test Entities --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "INCLUDE"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
%html;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.3" href="#section-9.3">9.3</a>. Level 1 HTML DTD</span>

   This document type declaration refers to the HTML DTD with the
   `HTML.Forms' entity defined as `IGNORE' rather than `INCLUDE'.
   Documents which contain &lt;FORM&gt; elements do not conform to this DTD,
   and must use the level 2 DTD.

&lt;!--    html-1.dtd

        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
        with Level 1 Extensions (HTML Level 1 DTD).

        $Id: html-1.dtd,v 1.2 1995/03/29 18:53:10 connolly Exp $

        Author: Daniel W. Connolly &lt;connolly@w3.org&gt;
        See Also: <a href="http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html">http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html</a>

--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Version
        "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN"

        -- Typical usage:

            &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
                "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN"&gt;
            &lt;html&gt;
            ...
            &lt;/html&gt;



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        --
        &gt;

&lt;!-- Feature Test Entities --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "IGNORE"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&gt;
%html;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.4" href="#section-9.4">9.4</a>. Strict Level 1 HTML DTD</span>

   This document type declaration refers to the level 1 HTML DTD with
   the `HTML.Recommended' entity defined as `INCLUDE' rather than
   IGNORE; that is, it refers to the more structurally rigid definition
   of HTML.

&lt;!--    html-1s.dtd

        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
        Struct Level 1

        $Id: html-1s.dtd,v 1.3 1995/06/02 18:55:43 connolly Exp $

        Author: Daniel W. Connolly &lt;connolly@w3.org&gt;
        See Also: <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html</a>
--&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Version
        "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//EN"

        -- Typical usage:

            &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
                "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//EN"&gt;
            &lt;html&gt;
            ...
            &lt;/html&gt;
        --
        &gt;

&lt;!-- Feature Test Entities --&gt;


&lt;!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "INCLUDE"&gt;

&lt;!ENTITY % html-1 PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN"&gt;
%html-1;




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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.5" href="#section-9.5">9.5</a>. SGML Declaration for HTML</span>

   This is the SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language.

&lt;!SGML  "ISO 8879:1986"
--
        SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language (HTML).

--

CHARSET
         BASESET  "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET
                   International Reference Version
                   (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
         DESCSET  0   9   UNUSED
                  9   2   9
                  11  2   UNUSED
                  13  1   13
                  14  18  UNUSED
                  32  95  32
                  127 1   UNUSED
     BASESET   "ISO Registration Number 100//CHARSET
                ECMA-94 Right Part of
                Latin Alphabet Nr. 1//ESC 2/13 4/1"

         DESCSET  128  32   UNUSED
                  160  96    32

CAPACITY        SGMLREF
                TOTALCAP        150000
                GRPCAP          150000
                ENTCAP          150000

SCOPE    DOCUMENT
SYNTAX
         SHUNCHAR CONTROLS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
                 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127
         BASESET  "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET
                   International Reference Version
                   (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
         DESCSET  0 128 0
         FUNCTION
                  RE          13
                  RS          10
                  SPACE       32
                  TAB SEPCHAR  9
         NAMING   LCNMSTRT ""
                  UCNMSTRT ""



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                  LCNMCHAR ".-"
                  UCNMCHAR ".-"
                  NAMECASE GENERAL YES
                           ENTITY  NO
         DELIM    GENERAL  SGMLREF
                  SHORTREF SGMLREF
         NAMES    SGMLREF
         QUANTITY SGMLREF
                  ATTSPLEN 2100
                  LITLEN   1024
                  NAMELEN  72    -- somewhat arbitrary; taken from
                                internet line length conventions --
                  PILEN    1024
                  TAGLVL   100
                  TAGLEN   2100
                  GRPGTCNT 150
                  GRPCNT   64

FEATURES
  MINIMIZE
    DATATAG  NO
    OMITTAG  YES
    RANK     NO
    SHORTTAG YES
  LINK
    SIMPLE   NO
    IMPLICIT NO
    EXPLICIT NO
  OTHER
    CONCUR   NO
    SUBDOC   NO
    FORMAL   YES
  APPINFO    "SDA"  -- conforming SGML Document Access application
                    --
&gt;
&lt;!--
        $Id: html.decl,v 1.17 1995/06/08 14:59:32 connolly Exp $

        Author: Daniel W. Connolly &lt;connolly@w3.org&gt;

        See also: <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html</a>
 --&gt;

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.6" href="#section-9.6">9.6</a>. Sample SGML Open Entity Catalog for HTML</span>

   The SGML standard describes an "entity manager" as the portion or
   component of an SGML system that maps SGML entities into the actual
   storage model (e.g., the file system). The standard itself does not



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   define a particular mapping methodology or notation.

   To assist the interoperability among various SGML tools and systems,
   the SGML Open consortium has passed a technical resolution that
   defines a format for an application-independent entity catalog that
   maps external identifiers and/or entity names to file names.

   Each entry in the catalog associates a storage object identifier
   (such as a file name) with information about the external entity that
   appears in the SGML document. In addition to entries that associate
   public identifiers, a catalog entry can associate an entity name with
   a storage object identifier. For example, the following are possible
   catalog entries:

        -- catalog: SGML Open style entity catalog for HTML --
        -- $Id: catalog,v 1.3 1995/09/21 23:30:23 connolly Exp $ --

        -- Ways to refer to Level 2: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"                 html.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"             html.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//EN"         html.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 2//EN"     html.dtd

        -- Ways to refer to Level 1: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN"         html-1.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN"     html-1.dtd

        -- Ways to refer to
                 Strict Level 2: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN"                  html-s.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//EN"              html-s.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//EN"          html-s.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 2//EN"      html-s.dtd

        -- Ways to refer to
                 Strict Level 1: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//EN"          html-1s.dtd
PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//EN"      html-1s.dtd

        -- ISO latin 1 entity set for HTML --
PUBLIC  "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML" ISOlat1\
sgml

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.7" href="#section-9.7">9.7</a>. Character Entity Sets</span>

   The HTML DTD defines the following entities. They represent
   particular graphic characters which have special meanings in places
   in the markup, or may not be part of the character set available to



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   the writer.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.7.1" href="#section-9.7.1">9.7.1</a>. Numeric and Special Graphic Entity Set</span>

   The following table lists each of the characters included from the
   Numeric and Special Graphic entity set, along with its name, syntax
   for use, and description. This list is derived from `ISO Standard
   8879:1986//ENTITIES Numeric and Special Graphic//EN'.  However, HTML
   does not include for the entire entity set -- only the entities
   listed below are included.

    GLYPH   NAME    SYNTAX  DESCRIPTION
    &lt;       lt      &amp;lt;    Less than sign
    &gt;       gt      &amp;gt;    Greater than signn
    &amp;       amp     &amp;amp;   Ampersand
    "       quot    &amp;quot;  Double quote sign

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.7.2" href="#section-9.7.2">9.7.2</a>. ISO Latin 1 Character Entity Set</span>

   The following public text lists each of the characters specified in
   the Added Latin 1 entity set, along with its name, syntax for use,
   and description. This list is derived from ISO Standard
   8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN. HTML includes the entire
   entity set.

&lt;!-- (C) International Organization for Standardization 1986
     Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
     conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
     ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
--&gt;
&lt;!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
     &lt;!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
       "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML"&gt;
     %ISOlat1;
--&gt;
&lt;!--    Modified for use in HTML
        $Id: ISOlat1.sgml,v 1.2 1994/11/30 23:45:12 connolly Exp $ --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY AElig  CDATA "&amp;#198;" -- capital AE diphthong (ligature) --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "&amp;#193;" -- capital A, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Acirc  CDATA "&amp;#194;" -- capital A, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "&amp;#192;" -- capital A, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Aring  CDATA "&amp;#197;" -- capital A, ring --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "&amp;#195;" -- capital A, tilde --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Auml   CDATA "&amp;#196;" -- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "&amp;#199;" -- capital C, cedilla --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ETH    CDATA "&amp;#208;" -- capital Eth, Icelandic --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "&amp;#201;" -- capital E, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ecirc  CDATA "&amp;#202;" -- capital E, circumflex accent --&gt;



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&lt;!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "&amp;#200;" -- capital E, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Euml   CDATA "&amp;#203;" -- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "&amp;#205;" -- capital I, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Icirc  CDATA "&amp;#206;" -- capital I, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "&amp;#204;" -- capital I, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Iuml   CDATA "&amp;#207;" -- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "&amp;#209;" -- capital N, tilde --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "&amp;#211;" -- capital O, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ocirc  CDATA "&amp;#212;" -- capital O, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "&amp;#210;" -- capital O, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "&amp;#216;" -- capital O, slash --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "&amp;#213;" -- capital O, tilde --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ouml   CDATA "&amp;#214;" -- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY THORN  CDATA "&amp;#222;" -- capital THORN, Icelandic --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "&amp;#218;" -- capital U, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ucirc  CDATA "&amp;#219;" -- capital U, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "&amp;#217;" -- capital U, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Uuml   CDATA "&amp;#220;" -- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "&amp;#221;" -- capital Y, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY aacute CDATA "&amp;#225;" -- small a, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY acirc  CDATA "&amp;#226;" -- small a, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY aelig  CDATA "&amp;#230;" -- small ae diphthong (ligature) --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY agrave CDATA "&amp;#224;" -- small a, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY aring  CDATA "&amp;#229;" -- small a, ring --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY atilde CDATA "&amp;#227;" -- small a, tilde --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY auml   CDATA "&amp;#228;" -- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "&amp;#231;" -- small c, cedilla --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY eacute CDATA "&amp;#233;" -- small e, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ecirc  CDATA "&amp;#234;" -- small e, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY egrave CDATA "&amp;#232;" -- small e, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY eth    CDATA "&amp;#240;" -- small eth, Icelandic --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY euml   CDATA "&amp;#235;" -- small e, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY iacute CDATA "&amp;#237;" -- small i, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY icirc  CDATA "&amp;#238;" -- small i, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY igrave CDATA "&amp;#236;" -- small i, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY iuml   CDATA "&amp;#239;" -- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "&amp;#241;" -- small n, tilde --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY oacute CDATA "&amp;#243;" -- small o, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ocirc  CDATA "&amp;#244;" -- small o, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ograve CDATA "&amp;#242;" -- small o, grave accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY oslash CDATA "&amp;#248;" -- small o, slash --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY otilde CDATA "&amp;#245;" -- small o, tilde --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ouml   CDATA "&amp;#246;" -- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY szlig  CDATA "&amp;#223;" -- small sharp s, German (sz ligature)-&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY thorn  CDATA "&amp;#254;" -- small thorn, Icelandic --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY uacute CDATA "&amp;#250;" -- small u, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ucirc  CDATA "&amp;#251;" -- small u, circumflex accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "&amp;#249;" -- small u, grave accent --&gt;



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&lt;!ENTITY uuml   CDATA "&amp;#252;" -- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY yacute CDATA "&amp;#253;" -- small y, acute accent --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY yuml   CDATA "&amp;#255;" -- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-10" href="#section-10">10</a>. Security Considerations</span>

   Anchors, embedded images, and all other elements which contain URIs
   as parameters may cause the URI to be dereferenced in response to
   user input. In this case, the security considerations of [<a href="#ref-URL">URL</a>] apply.

   The widely deployed methods for submitting forms requests -- HTTP and
   SMTP -- provide little assurance of confidentiality.  Information
   providers who request sensitive information via forms -- especially
   by way of the `PASSWORD' type input field (see 8.1.2, "Input Field:
   INPUT") -- should be aware and make their users aware of the lack of
   confidentiality.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-11" href="#section-11">11</a>. References</span>

    [<a id="ref-URI">URI</a>]
            Berners-Lee, T., "Universal Resource Identifiers in WWW:
            A Unifying Syntax for the Expression of Names and
            Addresses of Objects on the Network as used in the
            World- Wide Web",  <a href="./rfc1630">RFC 1630</a>, CERN, June 1994.
            &lt;URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1630.txt&gt;

    [<a id="ref-URL">URL</a>]
            Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill, "Uniform
            Resource Locators (URL)", <a href="./rfc1738">RFC 1738</a>, CERN, Xerox PARC,
            University of Minnesota, December 1994.
            &lt;URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1738.txt&gt;

    [<a id="ref-HTTP">HTTP</a>]
            Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and H. Frystyk Nielsen,
            "Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.0", Work in
            Progress, MIT, UC Irvine, CERN, March 1995.

    [<a id="ref-MIME">MIME</a>]
            Borenstein, N., and N. Freed. "MIME (Multipurpose
            Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for
            Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message
            Bodies", <a href="./rfc1521">RFC 1521</a>, Bellcore, Innosoft, September 1993.
            &lt;URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1521.txt&gt;

    [<a id="ref-RELURL">RELURL</a>]
            Fielding, R., "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", <a href="./rfc1808">RFC</a>
            <a href="./rfc1808">1808</a>, June 1995
            &lt;URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1808.txt&gt;



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    [<a id="ref-GOLD90">GOLD90</a>]
            Goldfarb, C., "The SGML Handbook", Y. Rubinsky, Ed.,
            Oxford University Press, 1990.

    [<a id="ref-DEXTER">DEXTER</a>]
            Frank Halasz and Mayer Schwartz, "The Dexter Hypertext
            Reference Model", Communications of the ACM, pp.
            30-39, vol. 37 no. 2, Feb 1994.

    [<a id="ref-IMEDIA">IMEDIA</a>]
            Postel, J., "Media Type Registration Procedure",
            <a href="./rfc1590">RFC 1590</a>, USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1994.
            &lt;URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1590.txt&gt;

    [<a id="ref-IANA">IANA</a>]
            Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,
            <a href="./rfc1700">RFC 1700</a>, USC/Information Sciecnes Institute, October
            1994.  &lt;URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1700.txt&gt;

    [<a id="ref-SQ91">SQ91</a>]
            SoftQuad. "The SGML Primer", 3rd ed., SoftQuad Inc.,
            1991. &lt;URL:http://www.sq.com/&gt;

    [<a id="ref-ISO-646">ISO-646</a>]
            ISO/IEC 646:1991 Information technology -- ISO 7-bit
            coded character set for information interchange
            &lt;URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d4777.html&gt;

    [<a id="ref-ISO-10646">ISO-10646</a>]
            ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 Information technology -- Universal
            Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) -- Part 1:
            Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
            &lt;URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d18741.html&gt;

    [<a id="ref-ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1</a>]
            ISO 8859. International Standard -- Information
            Processing -- 8-bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character
            Sets -- Part 1: Latin Alphabet No. 1, ISO 8859-1:1987.
            &lt;URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d16338.html&gt;

    [<a id="ref-SGML">SGML</a>]
            ISO 8879. Information Processing -- Text and Office
            Systems - Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML),
            1986. &lt;URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d16387.html&gt;







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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-12" href="#section-12">12</a>. Acknowledgments</span>

   The HTML document type was designed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN as
   part of the 1990 World Wide Web project. In 1992, Dan Connolly wrote
   the HTML Document Type Definition (DTD) and a brief HTML
   specification.

   Since 1993, a wide variety of Internet participants have contributed
   to the evolution of HTML, which has included the addition of in-line
   images introduced by the NCSA Mosaic software for WWW. Dave Raggett
   played an important role in deriving the forms material from the
   HTML+ specification.

   Dan Connolly and Karen Olson Muldrow rewrote the HTML Specification
   in 1994. The document was then edited by the HTML working group as a
   whole, with updates being made by Eric Schieler, Mike Knezovich, and
   Eric W. Sink at Spyglass, Inc.  Finally, Roy Fielding restructured
   the entire draft into its current form.

   Special thanks to the many active participants in the HTML working
   group, too numerous to list individually, without whom there would be
   no standards process and no standard. That this document approaches
   its objective of carefully converging a description of current
   practice and formalization of HTML's relationship to SGML is a
   tribute to their effort.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-12.1" href="#section-12.1">12.1</a>. Authors' Addresses</span>

   Tim Berners-Lee
   Director, W3 Consortium
   MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
   545 Technology Square
   Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.

   Phone: +1 (617) 253 9670
   Fax: +1 (617) 258 8682
   EMail: timbl@w3.org


   Daniel W. Connolly
   Research Technical Staff, W3 Consortium
   MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
   545 Technology Square
   Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.

   Phone: +1 (617) 258 8682
   EMail: connolly@w3.org
   URI: <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/People/Connolly/">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/People/Connolly/</a>



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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-13" href="#section-13">13</a>. The HTML Coded Character Set</span>

   This list details the code positions and characters of the HTML
   document character set, specified in 9.5, "SGML Declaration for
   HTML". This coded character set is based on [<a href="#ref-ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1</a>].

    REFERENCE       DESCRIPTION
    --------------  -----------
    &amp;#00; - &amp;#08;   Unused
    &amp;#09;           Horizontal tab
    &amp;#10;           Line feed
    &amp;#11; - &amp;#12;   Unused
    &amp;#13;           Carriage Return
    &amp;#14; - &amp;#31;   Unused
    &amp;#32;           Space
    &amp;#33;           Exclamation mark
    &amp;#34;           Quotation mark
    &amp;#35;           Number sign
    &amp;#36;           Dollar sign
    &amp;#37;           Percent sign
    &amp;#38;           Ampersand
    &amp;#39;           Apostrophe
    &amp;#40;           Left parenthesis
    &amp;#41;           Right parenthesis
    &amp;#42;           Asterisk
    &amp;#43;           Plus sign
    &amp;#44;           Comma
    &amp;#45;           Hyphen
    &amp;#46;           Period (fullstop)
    &amp;#47;           Solidus (slash)
    &amp;#48; - &amp;#57;   Digits 0-9
    &amp;#58;           Colon
    &amp;#59;           Semi-colon
    &amp;#60;           Less than
    &amp;#61;           Equals sign
    &amp;#62;           Greater than
    &amp;#63;           Question mark
    &amp;#64;           Commercial at
    &amp;#65; - &amp;#90;   Letters A-Z
    &amp;#91;           Left square bracket
    &amp;#92;           Reverse solidus (backslash)
    &amp;#93;           Right square bracket
    &amp;#94;           Caret
    &amp;#95;           Horizontal bar (underscore)
    &amp;#96;           Acute accent
    &amp;#97; - &amp;#122;  Letters a-z
    &amp;#123;          Left curly brace
    &amp;#124;          Vertical bar



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    &amp;#125;          Right curly brace
    &amp;#126;          Tilde
    &amp;#127; - &amp;#159; Unused
    &amp;#160;          Non-breaking Space
    &amp;#161;          Inverted exclamation
    &amp;#162;          Cent sign
    &amp;#163;          Pound sterling
    &amp;#164;          General currency sign
    &amp;#165;          Yen sign
    &amp;#166;          Broken vertical bar
    &amp;#167;          Section sign
    &amp;#168;          Umlaut (dieresis)
    &amp;#169;          Copyright
    &amp;#170;          Feminine ordinal
    &amp;#171;          Left angle quote, guillemotleft
    &amp;#172;          Not sign
    &amp;#173;          Soft hyphen
    &amp;#174;          Registered trademark
    &amp;#175;          Macron accent
    &amp;#176;          Degree sign
    &amp;#177;          Plus or minus
    &amp;#178;          Superscript two
    &amp;#179;          Superscript three
    &amp;#180;          Acute accent
    &amp;#181;          Micro sign
    &amp;#182;          Paragraph sign
    &amp;#183;          Middle dot
    &amp;#184;          Cedilla
    &amp;#185;          Superscript one
    &amp;#186;          Masculine ordinal
    &amp;#187;          Right angle quote, guillemotright
    &amp;#188;          Fraction one-fourth
    &amp;#189;          Fraction one-half
    &amp;#190;          Fraction three-fourths
    &amp;#191;          Inverted question mark
    &amp;#192;          Capital A, grave accent
    &amp;#193;          Capital A, acute accent
    &amp;#194;          Capital A, circumflex accent
    &amp;#195;          Capital A, tilde
    &amp;#196;          Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#197;          Capital A, ring
    &amp;#198;          Capital AE dipthong (ligature)
    &amp;#199;          Capital C, cedilla
    &amp;#200;          Capital E, grave accent
    &amp;#201;          Capital E, acute accent
    &amp;#202;          Capital E, circumflex accent
    &amp;#203;          Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#204;          Capital I, grave accent



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    &amp;#205;          Capital I, acute accent
    &amp;#206;          Capital I, circumflex accent
    &amp;#207;          Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#208;          Capital Eth, Icelandic
    &amp;#209;          Capital N, tilde
    &amp;#210;          Capital O, grave accent
    &amp;#211;          Capital O, acute accent
    &amp;#212;          Capital O, circumflex accent
    &amp;#213;          Capital O, tilde
    &amp;#214;          Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#215;          Multiply sign
    &amp;#216;          Capital O, slash
    &amp;#217;          Capital U, grave accent
    &amp;#218;          Capital U, acute accent
    &amp;#219;          Capital U, circumflex accent
    &amp;#220;          Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#221;          Capital Y, acute accent
    &amp;#222;          Capital THORN, Icelandic
    &amp;#223;          Small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
    &amp;#224;          Small a, grave accent
    &amp;#225;          Small a, acute accent
    &amp;#226;          Small a, circumflex accent
    &amp;#227;          Small a, tilde
    &amp;#228;          Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#229;          Small a, ring
    &amp;#230;          Small ae dipthong (ligature)
    &amp;#231;          Small c, cedilla
    &amp;#232;          Small e, grave accent
    &amp;#233;          Small e, acute accent
    &amp;#234;          Small e, circumflex accent
    &amp;#235;          Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#236;          Small i, grave accent
    &amp;#237;          Small i, acute accent
    &amp;#238;          Small i, circumflex accent
    &amp;#239;          Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#240;          Small eth, Icelandic
    &amp;#241;          Small n, tilde
    &amp;#242;          Small o, grave accent
    &amp;#243;          Small o, acute accent
    &amp;#244;          Small o, circumflex accent
    &amp;#245;          Small o, tilde
    &amp;#246;          Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
    &amp;#247;          Division sign
    &amp;#248;          Small o, slash
    &amp;#249;          Small u, grave accent
    &amp;#250;          Small u, acute accent
    &amp;#251;          Small u, circumflex accent
    &amp;#252;          Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark



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    &amp;#253;          Small y, acute accent
    &amp;#254;          Small thorn, Icelandic
    &amp;#255;          Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-14" href="#section-14">14</a>. Proposed Entities</span>

   The HTML DTD references the "Added Latin 1" entity set, which only
   supplies named entities for a subset of the non-ASCII characters in
   [<a href="#ref-ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1</a>], namely the accented characters. The following entities
   should be supported so that all ISO 8859-1 characters may only be
   referenced symbolically. The names for these entities are taken from
   the appendixes of [<a href="#ref-SGML">SGML</a>].

    &lt;!ENTITY nbsp   CDATA "&amp;#160;" -- no-break space --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY iexcl  CDATA "&amp;#161;" -- inverted exclamation mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY cent   CDATA "&amp;#162;" -- cent sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY pound  CDATA "&amp;#163;" -- pound sterling sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY curren CDATA "&amp;#164;" -- general currency sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY yen    CDATA "&amp;#165;" -- yen sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY brvbar CDATA "&amp;#166;" -- broken (vertical) bar --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY sect   CDATA "&amp;#167;" -- section sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY uml    CDATA "&amp;#168;" -- umlaut (dieresis) --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY copy   CDATA "&amp;#169;" -- copyright sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ordf   CDATA "&amp;#170;" -- ordinal indicator, feminine --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY laquo  CDATA "&amp;#171;" -- angle quotation mark, left --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY not    CDATA "&amp;#172;" -- not sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY shy    CDATA "&amp;#173;" -- soft hyphen --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY reg    CDATA "&amp;#174;" -- registered sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY macr   CDATA "&amp;#175;" -- macron --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY deg    CDATA "&amp;#176;" -- degree sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY plusmn CDATA "&amp;#177;" -- plus-or-minus sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY sup2   CDATA "&amp;#178;" -- superscript two --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY sup3   CDATA "&amp;#179;" -- superscript three --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY acute  CDATA "&amp;#180;" -- acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY micro  CDATA "&amp;#181;" -- micro sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY para   CDATA "&amp;#182;" -- pilcrow (paragraph sign) --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY middot CDATA "&amp;#183;" -- middle dot --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY cedil  CDATA "&amp;#184;" -- cedilla --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY sup1   CDATA "&amp;#185;" -- superscript one --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ordm   CDATA "&amp;#186;" -- ordinal indicator, masculine --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY raquo  CDATA "&amp;#187;" -- angle quotation mark, right --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY frac14 CDATA "&amp;#188;" -- fraction one-quarter --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY frac12 CDATA "&amp;#189;" -- fraction one-half --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY frac34 CDATA "&amp;#190;" -- fraction three-quarters --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY iquest CDATA "&amp;#191;" -- inverted question mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "&amp;#192;" -- capital A, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "&amp;#193;" -- capital A, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Acirc  CDATA "&amp;#194;" -- capital A, circumflex accent --&gt;



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    &lt;!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "&amp;#195;" -- capital A, tilde --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Auml   CDATA "&amp;#196;" -- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Aring  CDATA "&amp;#197;" -- capital A, ring --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY AElig  CDATA "&amp;#198;" -- capital AE diphthong (ligature) --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "&amp;#199;" -- capital C, cedilla --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "&amp;#200;" -- capital E, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "&amp;#201;" -- capital E, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ecirc  CDATA "&amp;#202;" -- capital E, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Euml   CDATA "&amp;#203;" -- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "&amp;#204;" -- capital I, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "&amp;#205;" -- capital I, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Icirc  CDATA "&amp;#206;" -- capital I, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Iuml   CDATA "&amp;#207;" -- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ETH    CDATA "&amp;#208;" -- capital Eth, Icelandic --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "&amp;#209;" -- capital N, tilde --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "&amp;#210;" -- capital O, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "&amp;#211;" -- capital O, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ocirc  CDATA "&amp;#212;" -- capital O, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "&amp;#213;" -- capital O, tilde --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ouml   CDATA "&amp;#214;" -- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY times  CDATA "&amp;#215;" -- multiply sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "&amp;#216;" -- capital O, slash --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "&amp;#217;" -- capital U, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "&amp;#218;" -- capital U, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Ucirc  CDATA "&amp;#219;" -- capital U, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Uuml   CDATA "&amp;#220;" -- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "&amp;#221;" -- capital Y, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY THORN  CDATA "&amp;#222;" -- capital THORN, Icelandic --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY szlig  CDATA "&amp;#223;" -- small sharp s, German (sz ligature) --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY agrave CDATA "&amp;#224;" -- small a, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY aacute CDATA "&amp;#225;" -- small a, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY acirc  CDATA "&amp;#226;" -- small a, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY atilde CDATA "&amp;#227;" -- small a, tilde --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY auml   CDATA "&amp;#228;" -- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY aring  CDATA "&amp;#229;" -- small a, ring --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY aelig  CDATA "&amp;#230;" -- small ae diphthong (ligature) --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "&amp;#231;" -- small c, cedilla --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY egrave CDATA "&amp;#232;" -- small e, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY eacute CDATA "&amp;#233;" -- small e, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ecirc  CDATA "&amp;#234;" -- small e, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY euml   CDATA "&amp;#235;" -- small e, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY igrave CDATA "&amp;#236;" -- small i, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY iacute CDATA "&amp;#237;" -- small i, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY icirc  CDATA "&amp;#238;" -- small i, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY iuml   CDATA "&amp;#239;" -- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY eth    CDATA "&amp;#240;" -- small eth, Icelandic --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "&amp;#241;" -- small n, tilde --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ograve CDATA "&amp;#242;" -- small o, grave accent --&gt;



<span class="grey">Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 76]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-77" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc1866">RFC 1866</a>            Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0        November 1995</span>


    &lt;!ENTITY oacute CDATA "&amp;#243;" -- small o, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ocirc  CDATA "&amp;#244;" -- small o, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY otilde CDATA "&amp;#245;" -- small o, tilde --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ouml   CDATA "&amp;#246;" -- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY divide CDATA "&amp;#247;" -- divide sign --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY oslash CDATA "&amp;#248;" -- small o, slash --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "&amp;#249;" -- small u, grave accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY uacute CDATA "&amp;#250;" -- small u, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY ucirc  CDATA "&amp;#251;" -- small u, circumflex accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY uuml   CDATA "&amp;#252;" -- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY yacute CDATA "&amp;#253;" -- small y, acute accent --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY thorn  CDATA "&amp;#254;" -- small thorn, Icelandic --&gt;
    &lt;!ENTITY yuml   CDATA "&amp;#255;" -- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark --&gt;






































Berners-Lee &amp; Connolly      Standards Track                    [Page 77]
</pre>