<pre>Network Working Group                                           B. Jewell
Request for Comments: 2787                 Copper Mountain Networks, Inc.
Category: Standards Track                                       D. Chuang
                                                    CoSine Communications
                                                               March 2000


                 <span class="h1">Definitions of Managed Objects for the</span>
                   <span class="h1">Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol</span>

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This specification defines an extension to the Management Information
   Base (MIB) for use with SNMP-based network management.  In
   particular, it defines objects for configuring, monitoring, and
   controlling routers that employ the Virtual Router Redundancy
   Protocol (VRRP) [<a href="#ref-17" title="&quot;Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol&quot;">17</a>].

   This memo specifies a MIB module in a manner that is compliant with
   SMIv2 [<a href="#ref-5" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">5</a>], and semantically identical to the SMIv1 definitions [<a href="#ref-2" title="&quot;Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets&quot;">2</a>].



















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Table of Contents

   <a href="#section-1">1</a>  The SNMP Network Management Framework .................    <a href="#page-2">2</a>
   <a href="#section-2">2</a>  Overview ..............................................    <a href="#page-3">3</a>
   <a href="#section-2.1">2.1</a>  VRRP MIB Structure ..................................    <a href="#page-3">3</a>
   <a href="#section-2.2">2.2</a>  Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ..................    <a href="#page-4">4</a>
   <a href="#section-2.3">2.3</a>  VRRP MIB Table Design ...............................    <a href="#page-4">4</a>
   <a href="#section-2.3.1">2.3.1</a>  Relation to Interface Group .......................    <a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-2.4">2.4</a>  VRRP Scenarios ......................................    <a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-2.4.1">2.4.1</a>  Scenario #1 .......................................    <a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-2.4.2">2.4.2</a>  Scenario #2 .......................................    <a href="#page-8">8</a>
   <a href="#section-3">3</a>  Definitions ...........................................   <a href="#page-11">11</a>
   <a href="#section-4">4</a>  Security Considerations ...............................   <a href="#page-27">27</a>
   <a href="#section-5">5</a>  Acknowledgements ......................................   <a href="#page-28">28</a>
   <a href="#section-6">6</a>  References ............................................   <a href="#page-28">28</a>
   <a href="#section-7">7</a>  Authors' Addresses ....................................   <a href="#page-30">30</a>
   <a href="#section-8">8</a>  Intellectual Property Statement........................   <a href="#page-30">30</a>
   <a href="#section-9">9</a>  Full Copyright Statement...............................   <a href="#page-31">31</a>

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>.  The SNMP Management Framework</span>

   The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major
   components:

   o An overall architecture, described in <a href="./rfc2571">RFC 2571</a> [<a href="#ref-1" title="&quot;An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks&quot;">1</a>].

   o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the
     purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of
     Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in STD
     16, <a href="./rfc1155">RFC 1155</a> [<a href="#ref-2" title="&quot;Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets&quot;">2</a>], STD 16, <a href="./rfc1212">RFC 1212</a> [<a href="#ref-3" title="&quot;Concise MIB Definitions&quot;">3</a>] and <a href="./rfc1215">RFC 1215</a> [<a href="#ref-4" title="&quot;A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP&quot;">4</a>]. The second
     version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58, <a href="./rfc2578">RFC 2578</a> [<a href="#ref-5" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">5</a>], STD
     58, <a href="./rfc2579">RFC 2579</a> [<a href="#ref-6" title="&quot;Textual Conventions for SMIv2&quot;">6</a>] and STD 58, <a href="./rfc2580">RFC 2580</a> [<a href="#ref-7" title="&quot;Conformance Statements for SMIv2&quot;">7</a>].

   o Message protocols for transferring management information. The
     first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and
     described in STD 15, <a href="./rfc1157">RFC 1157</a> [<a href="#ref-8" title="&quot;Simple Network Management Protocol&quot;">8</a>]. A second version of the SNMP
     message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track
     protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in <a href="./rfc1901">RFC 1901</a> [<a href="#ref-9" title="&quot;Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2&quot;">9</a>] and <a href="./rfc1906">RFC</a>
     <a href="./rfc1906">1906</a> [<a href="#ref-10" title="&quot;Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)&quot;">10</a>].  The third version of the message protocol is called
     SNMPv3 and described in <a href="./rfc1906">RFC 1906</a> [<a href="#ref-10" title="&quot;Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)&quot;">10</a>], <a href="./rfc2572">RFC 2572</a> [<a href="#ref-11" title="&quot;Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">11</a>] and <a href="./rfc2574">RFC 2574</a>
     [<a href="#ref-12" title="&quot;User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)&quot;">12</a>].

   o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The first
     set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described
     in STD 15, <a href="./rfc1157">RFC 1157</a> [<a href="#ref-8" title="&quot;Simple Network Management Protocol&quot;">8</a>]. A second set of protocol operations and
     associated PDU formats is described in <a href="./rfc1905">RFC 1905</a> [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)&quot;">13</a>].





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   o A set of fundamental applications described in <a href="./rfc2573">RFC 2573</a> [<a href="#ref-14" title="&quot;SNMPv3 Applications&quot;">14</a>] and
     the view-based access control mechanism described in <a href="./rfc2575">RFC 2575</a> [<a href="#ref-15" title="&quot;View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">15</a>].

   A more detailed introduction to the current SNMP Management Framework
   can be found in <a href="./rfc2570">RFC 2570</a> [<a href="#ref-16" title="&quot;Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework&quot;">16</a>].

   Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
   the Management Information Base or MIB.  Objects in the MIB are
   defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.

   This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A
   MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate
   translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically
   equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no
   translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable
   information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in
   SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine
   readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the
   MIB.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>.  Overview</span>

   This memo identifies the set of objects for configuring, monitoring,
   and controlling the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), as
   defined in <a href="./rfc2338">RFC 2338</a> [<a href="#ref-17" title="&quot;Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol&quot;">17</a>].

   VRRP specifies an election protocol that will allow one or more
   associated IP addresses to be assumed by another router in the event
   of a failure of the IP address(es) owner. Thus, IP traffic from a
   host using a failed router as a default gateway is transparently
   fowarded by the VRRP router that has assumed control.  VRRP provides
   redundancy in routed networks without requiring configuration of
   dynamic routing or router discovery protocols on every end-host.

   Since the VRRP protocol is intended for use with IPv4 routers only,
   this MIB uses the SYNTAX for IP addresses which is specific to IPv4.
   Thus, changes will be required for this MIB to interoperate in an
   IPv6 environment.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.1" href="#section-2.1">2.1</a>.  VRRP MIB Structure</span>

   The VRRP MIB contains three conformance groups:

   - vrrpOperations Group: Objects related to VRRP router's
     configuration and control.

   - vrrpStatistics Group: Objects containing information useful in
     monitoring the operation of VRRP routers.



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   - vrrpNotifications Group: Consists of objects and definitions for
     use in SNMP notifications sent by VRRP routers.

   Tables in the MIB include the following:

   (1) The vrrpOperTable, which contains objects that define the
       operational characteristics of a VRRP router. Rows in this table
       correspond to instances of virtual routers.

   (2) The vrrpAssoIpAddrTable, which contains the addresses of the
        virtual router(s) that a given VRRP router is backing up.

   (3) The vrrpRouterStatsTable which contains the operating statistics
       for a VRRP router.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.2" href="#section-2.2">2.2</a>.  Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol</span>

   This MIB is based on the following characteristics of VRRP as defined
   in the VRRP specification [<a href="#ref-17" title="&quot;Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol&quot;">17</a>].

   - A "VRRP router" is one that is configured to run the VRRP protocol
     in conjunction with one or more other VRRP routers attached to a
     LAN.

   - A VRRP router can be running one or more instances of a virtual
     router.

   - A "virtual router" is an abstraction which consists of two or more
     physical routers associated by a Virtual Router Identifier (VRID).

   - An instance of a virtual router (on a physical VRRP router), can be
     uniquely identified by a combination of the 'ifIndex' [<a href="#ref-18" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB using SMIv2&quot;">18</a>] and
     "Virtual Router Identifier" (VRID).

   - For each VRID there is a set of one or more "associated IP
     addresses" that are backed-up by the virtual router.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.3" href="#section-2.3">2.3</a>.  VRRP MIB Table Design</span>

   The tables in the VRRP MIB are structured with the assumption that a
   VRRP network management application would likely be designed to
   display information or provide configuration about a VRRP router on a
   "per-virtual-router basis". Thus, the tables defined in the MIB
   consist of conceptual rows which are grouped in a manner to present a
   view of individual virtual routers with a minimal number of SNMP
   operations.





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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.3.1" href="#section-2.3.1">2.3.1</a>.  Relation to Interface Group (<a href="./rfc2233">RFC 2233</a>) [<a href="#ref-18" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB using SMIv2&quot;">18</a>].</span>

   Since a router can be participating in VRRP on one or more physical
   interfaces, "ifIndex" is used as an index into the tables defined in
   the VRRP MIB.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.4" href="#section-2.4">2.4</a>.  VRRP Scenarios</span>

   The following section provides examples of how some of the objects in
   this MIB are instantiated for two different VRRP scenarios.

   KEY:
   ----

   The labels in the following tables and diagrams correspond to the
   actual MIB objects as follows:

      if      = vrrpOperIfIndex
      VrId    = vrrpOperVrId
      State   = vrrpOperState
      Prior   = vrrpOperPriority
      AddrCnt = vrrpOperIpAddrCount
      IpAddr  = vrrpOperMasterIpAddr
      RowStat = vrrpOperRowStatus

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.4.1" href="#section-2.4.1">2.4.1</a>.  VRRP Scenario #1</span>

   The following figure shows a simple network with two VRRP routers
   configured with two virtual routers. This sample topology is taken
   from the VRRP specification [<a href="#ref-17" title="&quot;Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol&quot;">17</a>]. Addresses in '()' indicate the IP
   address of the default gateway for a given host, H1 - H4. In the
   diagram, "Interface" is used in the context defined in IF-MIB [<a href="#ref-18" title="&quot;The Interfaces Group MIB using SMIv2&quot;">18</a>].



















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                   VRID=1       VRID=2
                  +-----+      +-----+
                  | MR1 |      | MR2 |
                  |  &amp;  |      |  &amp;  |
                  | BR2 |      | BR1 |
                  +-----+      +-----+
     IP A ----------&gt;*            *&lt;---------- IP B
     Interface=I1    |            |            Interface=I2
                     |            |
                     |            |
   ------------------+------------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--
                                        ^        ^        ^        ^
                                        |        |        |        |
                                      (IP A)   (IP A)   (IP A)   (IP A)
                                        |        |        |        |
                                     +--+--+  +--+--+  +--+--+  +--+--+
                                     |  H1 |  |  H2 |  |  H3 |  |  H4 |
                                     +-----+  +-----+  +--+--+  +--+--+



            -----   MIB Tables For VRRP Router "IP A":   -----

   vrrpOperTable
   -------------

      | if | VrId | State | Prior | AddrCnt | IpAddr | ... | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I1 |  01  |   M   |  255  |   1     |   A    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I1 |  02  |   B   | 1-254 |   1     |   B    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+















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   vrrpAssoIpAddrTable
   -------------------

      | if | VrId |  IP   | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I1 |  01  |   A   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I1 |  02  |   B   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+



            -----   MIB Tables For VRRP Router "IP B":   -----

   vrrpOperTable
   -------------

      | if | VrId | State | Prior | AddrCnt | IpAddr | ... | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I2 |  01  |   B   | 1-254 |    1    |   A    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I2 |  02  |   M   |  255  |    1    |   B    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+

   vrrpAssoIpAddrTable
   -------------------

      | if | VrId |  IP   | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I2 |  01  |   A   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I2 |  02  |   B   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+






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   NOTES:

   1)  "I1" and "I2" are used to designate IF indices on each respective
       router.

   2)  For "State": M = Master; B = Backup.

   3)  In the vrrpOperTable, a "priority" of 255 indicates that the
       respective router owns the IP address, e.g., this IP address is
       native to the router (i.e., "the IP Address Owner" [<a href="#ref-17" title="&quot;Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol&quot;">17</a>]).

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.4.2" href="#section-2.4.2">2.4.2</a>.  VRRP Scenario #2</span>

   The following figure shows a simple network with two virtual routers.
   Here, a single interface has been configured with two IP addresses.
   Again, addresses in () indicate the IP address of the default gateway
   for a given host, H1 - H2.

                   VRID=1       VRID=2
                  +-----+      +-----+
                  | MR1 |      | MR2 |
                  |  &amp;  |      |  &amp;  |
                  | BR2 |      | BR1 |
                  +-----+      +-----+
     IP A ----------&gt;*            *&lt;---------- IP B
     IP C            |            |            Interface=I2
     Interface=I1    |            |
                     |            |
                     |            |
   ------------------+------------+-----+--------+
                                        ^        ^
                                        |        |
                                      (IP A)   (IP B)
                                        |        |
                                     +--+--+  +--+--+
                                     |  H1 |  |  H2 |
                                     +-----+  +-----+














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            -----   MIB Tables For VRRP Router "IP A":   -----

   vrrpOperTable
   -------------

      | if | VrId | State | Prior | AddrCnt | IpAddr | ... | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I1 |  01  |   M   |  255  |    2    |   A    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I1 |  02  |   B   | 1-254 |    1    |   B    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+

   vrrpAssoIpAddrTable
   -------------------

      | if | VrId |  IP   | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I1 |  01  |   A   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I1 |  01  |   C   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I1 |  02  |   B   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+


















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            -----   MIB Tables For VRRP Router "IP B":   -----

   vrrpOperTable
   -------------

      | if | VrId | State | Prior | AddrCnt | IpAddr | ... | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I2 |  01  |   B   | 1-254 |    2    |   A    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      | I2 |  02  |   M   |  255  |    1    |   B    |     | active  |
      |    |      |       |       |         |        |     |         |
      +----+------+-------+-------+---------+--------+-( )-+---------+

   vrrpAssoIpAddrTable
   -------------------

      | if | VrId |  IP   | RowStat |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I2 |  01  |   A   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I2 |  01  |   C   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+
      |    |      |       |         |
      | I2 |  02  |   B   | active  |
      |    |      |       |         |
      +----+------+-------+---------+


















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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. Definitions</span>

VRRP-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN

 IMPORTS
     MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE,
     NOTIFICATION-TYPE, Counter32,
     Integer32, IpAddress, mib-2         FROM SNMPv2-SMI

     TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, RowStatus,
     MacAddress, TruthValue, TimeStamp   FROM SNMPv2-TC

     MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP,
     NOTIFICATION-GROUP                  FROM SNMPv2-CONF
     ifIndex                             FROM IF-MIB;


 vrrpMIB  MODULE-IDENTITY
     LAST-UPDATED "200003030000Z"
     ORGANIZATION "IETF VRRP Working Group"
     CONTACT-INFO
            "Brian R. Jewell
     Postal: Copper Mountain Networks, Inc.
             2470 Embarcadero Way
             Palo Alto, California 94303
     Tel:    +1 650 687 3367
     E-Mail: bjewell@coppermountain.com"

     DESCRIPTION
         "This MIB describes objects used for managing Virtual Router
          Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) routers."
     REVISION "200003030000Z"    -- 03 Mar 2000
     DESCRIPTION "Initial version as published in <a href="./rfc2787">RFC 2787</a>."
     ::= { mib-2 68 }

-- *******************************************************************
--  Textual Conventions
-- *******************************************************************

 VrId ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "A number which, along with an interface index (ifIndex),
         serves to uniquely identify a virtual router on a given VRRP
         router. A set of one or more associated addresses is assigned
         to a VRID."
     SYNTAX      Integer32 (1..255)




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-- *******************************************************************
--  VRRP MIB Groups
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpOperations      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { vrrpMIB 1 }
 vrrpStatistics      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { vrrpMIB 2 }
 vrrpConformance     OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { vrrpMIB 3 }


-- *******************************************************************
--  Start of MIB objects
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpNodeVersion  OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Integer32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
        "This value identifies the particular version of the VRRP
         supported by this node."
     ::= { vrrpOperations 1 }

 vrrpNotificationCntl  OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       INTEGER {
         enabled     (1),
         disabled    (2)
     }
     MAX-ACCESS   read-write
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
        "Indicates whether the VRRP-enabled router will generate
         SNMP traps for events defined in this MIB. 'Enabled'
         results in SNMP traps; 'disabled', no traps are sent."
     DEFVAL { enabled }
     ::= { vrrpOperations 2 }

-- *******************************************************************
--  VRRP Operations Table
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpOperTable OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF VrrpOperEntry
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "Operations table for a VRRP router which consists of a
          sequence (i.e., one or more conceptual rows) of
          'vrrpOperEntry' items."



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     ::= { vrrpOperations 3 }

 vrrpOperEntry OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       VrrpOperEntry
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "An entry in the vrrpOperTable containing the operational
          characteristics of a virtual router. On a VRRP router,
          a given virtual router is identified by a combination
          of the IF index and VRID.

          Rows in the table cannot be modified unless the value
          of `vrrpOperAdminState' is `disabled' and the
          `vrrpOperState' has transitioned to `initialize'."

     INDEX    { ifIndex, vrrpOperVrId }
     ::= { vrrpOperTable 1 }

 VrrpOperEntry ::=
     SEQUENCE {
         vrrpOperVrId
             VrId,
         vrrpOperVirtualMacAddr
             MacAddress,
         vrrpOperState
             INTEGER,
         vrrpOperAdminState
             INTEGER,
         vrrpOperPriority
             Integer32,
         vrrpOperIpAddrCount
             Integer32,
         vrrpOperMasterIpAddr
             IpAddress,
         vrrpOperPrimaryIpAddr
             IpAddress,
         vrrpOperAuthType
             INTEGER,
         vrrpOperAuthKey
             OCTET STRING,
         vrrpOperAdvertisementInterval
             Integer32,
         vrrpOperPreemptMode
             TruthValue,
         vrrpOperVirtualRouterUpTime
             TimeStamp,
         vrrpOperProtocol



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             INTEGER,
         vrrpOperRowStatus
             RowStatus
 }

 vrrpOperVrId OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       VrId
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "This object contains the Virtual Router Identifier (VRID)."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 1 }

 vrrpOperVirtualMacAddr OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       MacAddress
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The virtual MAC address of the virtual router. Although this
         object can be derived from the 'vrrpOperVrId' object, it is
         defined so that it is easily obtainable by a management
         application and can be included in VRRP-related SNMP traps."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 2 }

 vrrpOperState OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       INTEGER {
         initialize(1),
         backup(2),
         master(3)
     }
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current

     DESCRIPTION
         "The current state of the virtual router. This object has
         three defined values:

           - `initialize', which indicates that all the
             virtual router is waiting for a startup event.

           - `backup', which indicates the virtual router is
             monitoring the availability of the master router.

           - `master', which indicates that the virtual router
             is forwarding packets for IP addresses that are
             associated with this router.

         Setting the `vrrpOperAdminState' object (below) initiates



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         transitions in the value of this object."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 3 }

 vrrpOperAdminState OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       INTEGER {
         up(1),
         down(2)
     }
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "This object will enable/disable the virtual router
         function. Setting the value to `up', will transition
         the state of the virtual router from `initialize' to `backup'
         or `master', depending on the value of `vrrpOperPriority'.
         Setting the value to `down', will transition  the
         router from `master' or `backup' to `initialize'. State
         transitions may not be immediate; they sometimes depend on
         other factors, such as the interface (IF) state.

         The `vrrpOperAdminState' object must be set to `down' prior
         to modifying the other read-create objects in the conceptual
         row. The value of the `vrrpOperRowStatus' object (below)
         must be `active', signifying that the conceptual row
         is valid (i.e., the objects are correctly set),
         in order for this object to be set to `up'."
     DEFVAL    { down }
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 4 }

 vrrpOperPriority OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Integer32 (0..255)
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "This object specifies the priority to be used for the
         virtual router master election process. Higher values imply
         higher priority.

         A priority of '0', although not settable, is sent by
         the master router to indicate that this router has ceased
         to participate in VRRP and a backup virtual router should
         transition  to become a new master.

         A priority of 255 is used for the router that owns the
         associated IP address(es)."
     DEFVAL       { 100 }
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 5 }




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 vrrpOperIpAddrCount OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Integer32 (0..255)
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The number of IP addresses that are associated with this
         virtual router. This number is equal to the number of rows
         in the vrrpAssoIpAddrTable that correspond to a given IF
         index/VRID pair."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 6 }

 vrrpOperMasterIpAddr OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       IpAddress
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The master router's real (primary) IP address. This is
         the IP address listed as the source in VRRP advertisement
         last received by this virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 7 }

 vrrpOperPrimaryIpAddr OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       IpAddress
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "In the case where there is more than one IP address for
         a given `ifIndex', this object is used to specify the IP
         address that will become the `vrrpOperMasterIpAddr', should
         the virtual router transition from backup to master. If
         this object is set to 0.0.0.0, the IP address which is
         numerically lowest will be selected."
     DEFVAL       { '00000000'H } -- 0.0.0.0
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 8 }

 vrrpOperAuthType OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       INTEGER {
         noAuthentication(1),       -- VRRP protocol exchanges are not
                                    -- authenticated.
         simpleTextPassword(2),     -- Exchanges are authenticated by a
                                    -- clear text password.
         ipAuthenticationHeader(3)  -- Exchanges are authenticated using
                                    -- the IP authentication header.
     }
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION




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         "Authentication type used for VRRP protocol exchanges between
         virtual routers. This value of this object is the same for a
         given ifIndex.

         New enumerations to this list can only be added via a new
         RFC on the standards track."
     DEFVAL       { noAuthentication }
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 9 }

 vrrpOperAuthKey OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       OCTET STRING (SIZE (0..16))
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The Authentication Key. This object is set according to
         the value of the 'vrrpOperAuthType' object
         ('simpleTextPassword' or 'ipAuthenticationHeader'). If the
         length of the value is less than 16 octets, the agent will
         left adjust and zero fill to 16 octets. The value of this
         object is the same for a given ifIndex.

         When read, vrrpOperAuthKey always returns an Octet String
         of length zero."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 10 }

 vrrpOperAdvertisementInterval OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Integer32 (1..255)
     UNITS        "seconds"
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The time interval, in seconds, between sending
         advertisement messages. Only the master router sends
         VRRP advertisements."
     DEFVAL       { 1 }
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 11 }

 vrrpOperPreemptMode OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       TruthValue
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "Controls whether a higher priority virtual router will
         preempt a lower priority master."
     DEFVAL       { true }
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 12 }

 vrrpOperVirtualRouterUpTime OBJECT-TYPE



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     SYNTAX       TimeStamp
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "This is the value of the `sysUpTime' object when this
         virtual router (i.e., the `vrrpOperState') transitioned
         out of `initialized'."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 13 }

 vrrpOperProtocol OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX   INTEGER {
         ip (1),
         bridge (2),
         decnet (3),
         other (4)
     }
     MAX-ACCESS read-create
     STATUS     current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The particular protocol being controlled by this Virtual
         Router.

         New enumerations to this list can only be added via a new
         RFC on the standards track."
     DEFVAL { ip }
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 14 }

 vrrpOperRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       RowStatus
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The row status variable, used in accordance to installation
         and removal conventions for conceptual rows. The rowstatus of
         a currently active row in the vrrpOperTable is constrained
         by the operational state of the corresponding virtual router.
         When `vrrpOperRowStatus' is set to active(1), no other
         objects in the conceptual row, with the exception of
         `vrrpOperAdminState', can be modified. Prior to setting the
         `vrrpOperRowStatus' object from `active' to a different value,
         the `vrrpOperAdminState' object must be set to `down' and the
         `vrrpOperState' object be transitioned to `initialize'.

         To create a row in this table, a manager sets this object
         to either createAndGo(4) or createAndWait(5). Until instances
         of all corresponding columns are appropriately configured,
         the value of the corresponding instance of the `vrrpOperRowStatus'
         column will be read as notReady(3).



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         In particular, a newly created row cannot be made active(1)
         until (minimally) the corresponding instance of
         `vrrpOperVrId' has been set and there is at least one active
         row in the `vrrpAssoIpAddrTable' defining an associated
         IP address for the virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpOperEntry 15 }


-- *******************************************************************
--  VRRP Associated IP Address Table
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpAssoIpAddrTable OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF VrrpAssoIpAddrEntry
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The table of addresses associated with this virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpOperations 4 }

 vrrpAssoIpAddrEntry OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       VrrpAssoIpAddrEntry
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "An entry in the table contains an IP address that is
         associated with a virtual router. The number of rows for
         a given ifIndex and VrId will equal the number of IP
         addresses associated (e.g., backed up) by the virtual
         router (equivalent to 'vrrpOperIpAddrCount').

         Rows in the table cannot be modified unless the value
         of `vrrpOperAdminState' is `disabled' and the
         `vrrpOperState' has transitioned to `initialize'."

     INDEX    { ifIndex, vrrpOperVrId, vrrpAssoIpAddr }
     ::= { vrrpAssoIpAddrTable 1 }

 VrrpAssoIpAddrEntry ::=
     SEQUENCE {
         vrrpAssoIpAddr
             IpAddress,
         vrrpAssoIpAddrRowStatus
             RowStatus
 }

 vrrpAssoIpAddr OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       IpAddress



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     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The assigned IP addresses that a virtual router is
         responsible for backing up."
     ::= { vrrpAssoIpAddrEntry 1 }

 vrrpAssoIpAddrRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       RowStatus
     MAX-ACCESS   read-create
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The row status variable, used according to installation
         and removal conventions for conceptual rows. Setting this
         object to active(1) or createAndGo(4) results in the
         addition of an associated address for a virtual router.
         Destroying the entry or setting it to notInService(2)
         removes the associated address from the virtual router.
         The use of other values is implementation-dependent."
     ::= { vrrpAssoIpAddrEntry 2 }


-- *******************************************************************
--  VRRP Router Statistics
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpRouterChecksumErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets received with an invalid
         VRRP checksum value."
     ::= { vrrpStatistics 1 }

 vrrpRouterVersionErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets received with an unknown
         or unsupported version number."
     ::= { vrrpStatistics 2 }

 vrrpRouterVrIdErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current



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     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets received with an invalid
         VRID for this virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpStatistics 3 }

-- *******************************************************************
--  VRRP Router Statistics Table
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpRouterStatsTable OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF VrrpRouterStatsEntry
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "Table of virtual router statistics."
     ::= { vrrpStatistics 4 }

 vrrpRouterStatsEntry OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       VrrpRouterStatsEntry
     MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "An entry in the table, containing statistics information
         about a given virtual router."
     AUGMENTS    { vrrpOperEntry }
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsTable 1 }

 VrrpRouterStatsEntry ::=
     SEQUENCE {
         vrrpStatsBecomeMaster
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsAdvertiseRcvd
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsAdvertiseIntervalErrors
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsAuthFailures
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsIpTtlErrors
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsPriorityZeroPktsRcvd
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsPriorityZeroPktsSent
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsInvalidTypePktsRcvd
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsAddressListErrors
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsInvalidAuthType



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             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsAuthTypeMismatch
             Counter32,
         vrrpStatsPacketLengthErrors
             Counter32
     }

 vrrpStatsBecomeMaster OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of times that this virtual router's state
         has transitioned to MASTER."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 1 }

 vrrpStatsAdvertiseRcvd OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP advertisements received by this
         virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 2 }

 vrrpStatsAdvertiseIntervalErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP advertisement packets received
         for which the advertisement interval is different than the
         one configured for the local virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 3 }

 vrrpStatsAuthFailures OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets received that do not pass
         the authentication check."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 4 }

 vrrpStatsIpTtlErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current



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     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets received by the virtual
         router with IP TTL (Time-To-Live) not equal to 255."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 5 }

 vrrpStatsPriorityZeroPktsRcvd OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets received by the virtual
         router with a priority of '0'."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 6 }

 vrrpStatsPriorityZeroPktsSent OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of VRRP packets sent by the virtual router
         with a priority of '0'."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 7 }

 vrrpStatsInvalidTypePktsRcvd OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The number of VRRP packets received by the virtual router
         with an invalid value in the 'type' field."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 8 }

 vrrpStatsAddressListErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of packets received for which the address
         list does not match the locally configured list for the
         virtual router."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 9 }

 vrrpStatsInvalidAuthType OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of packets received with an unknown



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         authentication type."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 10 }

 vrrpStatsAuthTypeMismatch OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of packets received with 'Auth Type' not
         equal to the locally configured authentication method
         (`vrrpOperAuthType')."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 11 }

 vrrpStatsPacketLengthErrors OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       Counter32
     MAX-ACCESS   read-only
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The total number of packets received with a packet length
         less than the length of the VRRP header."
     ::= { vrrpRouterStatsEntry 12 }

-- *******************************************************************
--   Trap Definitions
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpNotifications   OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { vrrpMIB 0 }

 vrrpTrapPacketSrc OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX       IpAddress
     MAX-ACCESS   accessible-for-notify
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The IP address of an inbound VRRP packet. Used by
          vrrpTrapAuthFailure trap."
     ::= { vrrpOperations 5 }

 vrrpTrapAuthErrorType OBJECT-TYPE
     SYNTAX        INTEGER {
         invalidAuthType (1),
         authTypeMismatch (2),
         authFailure (3)
     }
     MAX-ACCESS   accessible-for-notify
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "Potential types of configuration conflicts.
         Used by vrrpAuthFailure trap."



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     ::= { vrrpOperations 6 }

 vrrpTrapNewMaster NOTIFICATION-TYPE
     OBJECTS      { vrrpOperMasterIpAddr
                  }
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "The newMaster trap indicates that the sending agent
         has transitioned to 'Master' state."
     ::= { vrrpNotifications 1 }

 vrrpTrapAuthFailure NOTIFICATION-TYPE
     OBJECTS      { vrrpTrapPacketSrc,
                    vrrpTrapAuthErrorType
                  }
     STATUS       current
     DESCRIPTION
         "A vrrpAuthFailure trap signifies that a packet has
         been received from a router whose authentication key
         or authentication type conflicts with this router's
         authentication key or authentication type. Implementation
         of this trap is optional."
     ::= { vrrpNotifications 2 }


-- *******************************************************************
--  Conformance Information
-- *******************************************************************

 vrrpMIBCompliances  OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { vrrpConformance 1 }
 vrrpMIBGroups       OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { vrrpConformance 2 }

-- ...................................................................
-- Compliance Statements
-- ...................................................................

 vrrpMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
     STATUS current
     DESCRIPTION
        "The core compliance statement for all VRRP implementations."
     MODULE -- this module
     MANDATORY-GROUPS  {
         vrrpOperGroup,
         vrrpStatsGroup
     }
     OBJECT        vrrpOperPriority
     WRITE-SYNTAX  Integer32 (1..255)
     DESCRIPTION  "SETable values are from 1 to 255."



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     ::= { vrrpMIBCompliances 1 }

-- ...................................................................
-- Conformance Groups
-- ...................................................................

 vrrpOperGroup  OBJECT-GROUP
     OBJECTS  {
         vrrpNodeVersion,
         vrrpNotificationCntl,
         vrrpOperVirtualMacAddr,
         vrrpOperState,
         vrrpOperAdminState,
         vrrpOperPriority,
         vrrpOperIpAddrCount,
         vrrpOperMasterIpAddr,
         vrrpOperPrimaryIpAddr,
         vrrpOperAuthType,
         vrrpOperAuthKey,
         vrrpOperAdvertisementInterval,
         vrrpOperPreemptMode,
         vrrpOperVirtualRouterUpTime,
         vrrpOperProtocol,
         vrrpOperRowStatus,
         vrrpAssoIpAddrRowStatus
         }
     STATUS current
     DESCRIPTION
        "Conformance group for VRRP operations."
     ::= { vrrpMIBGroups 1 }

 vrrpStatsGroup  OBJECT-GROUP
     OBJECTS  {
         vrrpRouterChecksumErrors,
         vrrpRouterVersionErrors,
         vrrpRouterVrIdErrors,
         vrrpStatsBecomeMaster,
         vrrpStatsAdvertiseRcvd,
         vrrpStatsAdvertiseIntervalErrors,
         vrrpStatsAuthFailures,
         vrrpStatsIpTtlErrors,
         vrrpStatsPriorityZeroPktsRcvd,
         vrrpStatsPriorityZeroPktsSent,
         vrrpStatsInvalidTypePktsRcvd,
         vrrpStatsAddressListErrors,
         vrrpStatsInvalidAuthType,
         vrrpStatsAuthTypeMismatch,
         vrrpStatsPacketLengthErrors



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         }
     STATUS current
     DESCRIPTION
        "Conformance group for VRRP statistics."
     ::= { vrrpMIBGroups 2 }

 vrrpTrapGroup  OBJECT-GROUP
     OBJECTS  {
         vrrpTrapPacketSrc,
         vrrpTrapAuthErrorType
         }
     STATUS current
     DESCRIPTION
        "Conformance group for objects contained in VRRP notifications."
     ::= { vrrpMIBGroups 3 }

 vrrpNotificationGroup NOTIFICATION-GROUP
     NOTIFICATIONS {
         vrrpTrapNewMaster,
         vrrpTrapAuthFailure
         }
     STATUS current
     DESCRIPTION
        "The VRRP MIB Notification Group."
     ::= { vrrpMIBGroups 4 }

END

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>.  Security Considerations</span>

   There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB that
   have a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write or read-create. Such objects
   may be considered sensitive or vulnerable to security attacks in some
   networking environments. The support for SET operations in a non-
   secure environment without proper protection can have a negative
   effect on VRRP router operations.

   A number of objects in the vrrpOperTable possess the read-create
   attribute. Manipulation of these objects is capable of affecting the
   operation of a virtual router.

   Specific examples of this include, but are not limited to:

   o The vrrpOperAdminState object which could be used to disable a
     virtual router.

   o The vrrpOperPrimaryIpAddr object which, if compromised, could allow
     assignment of an invalid IP address to a master router.



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   o The authentication type/key related objects which could potentially
     render the VRRP security mechanisms ineffective.

   Of additional concern is the ability to disable the transmission of
   traps. This would nullify the capability of a virtual router to
   provide notification in the event of an authentication failure.

   SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment.  Even if the network
   itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), even then, there is no
   control as to who on the secure network is allowed to access and
   GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB.

   It is recommended that the implementers consider the security
   features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework.  Specifically, the use
   of the User-based Security Model <a href="./rfc2574">RFC 2574</a> [<a href="./rfc2574">RFC2574</a>] and the View-
   based Access Control Model <a href="./rfc2575">RFC 2575</a> [<a href="./rfc2575">RFC2575</a>] is recommended.

   It is then a customer/user responsibility to ensure that the SNMP
   entity giving access to an instance of this MIB, is properly
   configured to give access to the objects only to those principals
   (users) that have legitimate rights to indeed GET or SET
   (change/create/delete) them.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>.  Acknowledgements</span>

   The authors would like to thank Danny Mitzel, Venkat Prasad, Al Pham,
   Robert Hinden, Venkat Prasad, Barbera Denny, Fred Baker, Jeff Case,
   Flavio Fernandes, Acee Lindem, Scott Barvick, and Bert Wijnen for
   their comments and suggestions.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>.  References</span>

    [<a id="ref-1">1</a>]  Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for
         Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", <a href="./rfc2571">RFC 2571</a>, April 1999.

    [<a id="ref-2">2</a>]  Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of
         Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, <a href="./rfc1155">RFC</a>
         <a href="./rfc1155">1155</a>, May 1990.

    [<a id="ref-3">3</a>]  Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16,
         <a href="./rfc1212">RFC 1212</a>, March 1991.

    [<a id="ref-4">4</a>]  Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the
         SNMP", <a href="./rfc1215">RFC 1215</a>, March 1991.

    [<a id="ref-5">5</a>]  McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose,
         M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information
         Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, <a href="./rfc2578">RFC 2578</a>, April 1999.



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    [<a id="ref-6">6</a>]  McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose,
         M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58,
         <a href="./rfc2579">RFC 2579</a>, April 1999.

    [<a id="ref-7">7</a>]  McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose,
         M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD
         58, <a href="./rfc2580">RFC 2580</a>, April 1999.

    [<a id="ref-8">8</a>]  Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M. and J. Davin, "Simple
         Network Management Protocol", STD 15, <a href="./rfc1157">RFC 1157</a>, May 1990.

    [<a id="ref-9">9</a>]  Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser,
         "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", <a href="./rfc1901">RFC 1901</a>, January
         1996.

    [<a id="ref-10">10</a>] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser,
         "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network
         Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", <a href="./rfc1906">RFC 1906</a>, January 1996.

    [<a id="ref-11">11</a>] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R. and B. Wijnen, "Message
         Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management
         Protocol (SNMP)", <a href="./rfc2572">RFC 2572</a>, April 1999.

    [<a id="ref-12">12</a>] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM)
         for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
         (SNMPv3)", <a href="./rfc2574">RFC 2574</a>, April 1999.

    [<a id="ref-13">13</a>] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol
         Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
         Protocol (SNMPv2)", <a href="./rfc1905">RFC 1905</a>, January 1996.

    [<a id="ref-14">14</a>] Levi, D., Meyer, P. and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications", <a href="./rfc2573">RFC</a>
         <a href="./rfc2573">2573</a>, April 1999.

    [<a id="ref-15">15</a>] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access
         Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol
         (SNMP)", <a href="./rfc2575">RFC 2575</a>, April 1999

    [<a id="ref-16">16</a>] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D. and B. Stewart, "Introduction
         to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management
         Framework", <a href="./rfc2570">RFC 2570</a>, April 1999

    [<a id="ref-17">17</a>] Knight, S., Weaver, D., Whipple, D., Hinden, R., Mitzel, D.,
         Hunt, P., Higginson, P., Shand, M. and Lindem, A., "Virtual
         Router Redundancy Protocol", <a href="./rfc2338">RFC 2338</a>, November 1997.

    [<a id="ref-18">18</a>] McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group MIB
         using SMIv2", <a href="./rfc2233">RFC 2233</a>, November 1997.



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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>.  Authors' Addresses</span>

   Brian R. Jewell
   Copper Mountain Networks, Inc.
   2470 Embarcadero Way
   Palo Alto, California 94303
   US

   Phone: +1 650 687 3367
   EMail: bjewell@coppermountain.com


   David Chuang
   CoSine Communications
   1200 Bridge Parkway
   Redwood City, CA 94065
   US

   Phone: +1 650 628 4850
   EMail: david_chuang@cosinecom.com

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>.  Intellectual Property Statement</span>

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
   has made any effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the
   IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
   standards- related documentation can be found in <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp11">BCP-11</a>.  Copies of
   claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
   licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
   obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
   proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
   be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
   Director.









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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>.  Full Copyright Statement</span>

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
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   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
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   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
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   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.



















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