<pre>Network Working Group                                       C. Allocchio
Request for Comments: 3192                                    GARR-Italy
Obsoletes: <a href="./rfc2304">2304</a>                                             October 2001
Updates: <a href="./rfc2846">2846</a>
Category: Standards Track


              <span class="h1">Minimal FAX address format in Internet Mail</span>

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This memo describes a simple method of encoding Global Switched
   Telephone Network (GSTN) addresses of facsimile devices in the
   local-part of Internet email addresses.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>

   As with all Internet mail addresses, the left-hand-side (local-part)
   of an address generated according to this specification, is not to be
   interpreted except by the MTA that is named on the right-hand-side
   (domain).

   Since the very first e-mail to fax gateway objects appeared, a number
   of different methods to specify a fax address as an e-mail address
   have been used by implementors.  Several objectives for this methods
   have been identified, like to enable an e-mail user to send and
   receive faxes from his/her e-mail interface, to allow some kind of
   "fax over e-mail service" transport (possibly reducing the costs of
   GSTN long distance transmissions) while using the existing e-mail
   infrastructure.

   This memo describes the MINIMAL addressing method and standard
   extensions to encode FAX addresses into e-mail addresses, as required
   in reference [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>].  The opposite problem, i.e., to allow a
   traditional numeric-only fax device user to access the e-mail
   transport service, is not discussed here.



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   These IANA forms used to register the standard elements defined here
   are given in the "IANA Considerations" chapter (<a href="#section-7">section 7</a> of this
   document).

   All implementations supporting FAX over e-mail address format MUST
   support this minimal specification.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-1.1" href="#section-1.1">1.1</a> Terminology and Syntax conventions</span>

   In this document the formal definitions are described using ABNF
   syntax, as defined into [<a href="#ref-7" title="&quot;Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications&quot;">7</a>].  We will also use some of the "CORE
   DEFINITIONS" defined in "APPENDIX A - CORE" of that document.  The
   exact meaning of the capitalized words

      "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
      "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", "OPTIONAL"

   is defined in reference [<a href="#ref-6" title="&quot;Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels&quot;">6</a>].

   In this document the following new terms are also defined:

      I-fax device:
         an I-pstn device type [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>] which is able to communicate either
         directly or indirectly with the traditional FAX over GSTN
         service;

      mta-I-fax:
         the Internet domain name which identifies uniquely an I-fax
         device over the Internet (see also mta-I-pstn in [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>]);

      fax-email:
         the complete Internet e-mail address structure which is used to
         transport a FAX address over the Internet e-mail service (see
         also pstn-email in [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>]).

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. Minimal Fax address</span>

   The minimal fax address within e-mail has been defined for
   consistency with reference [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>] and it contains two elements: the
   fax-mbox and an optional qualif-type1 element.

   More precisely the GSTN minimal address specification requires the
   use of a unique service-selector for each specific application
   (section 2 in [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>]).

   The "service-selector" defined for the fax service is as follows:

      service-selector = "FAX"



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   In the syntax for the fax address a qualif-type1 element has been
   defined for support of T.30/T.33 subaddresses (see section 2 of
   [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>]).  The use of this element is OPTIONAL, but compliant
   implementations MUST be able to support and correctly interpret it
   when present.  Its definition is as follows:

      qualif-type1 = "/" t33-sep "=" sub-addr

   where

      t33-sep = "T33S"

      sub-addr = 1*( DIGIT )

   Thus, the minimal specification of a fax in e-mail address is:

      fax-address = fax-mbox [ "/T33S=" sub-addr ]

      fax-mbox = "FAX=" global-phone

   Notes:

      For the case of a single subaddress, only numbers are allowed in
      &lt;sub-addr&gt; which is consistent with T.30, T.33, and this document.
      While T.30 and T.33 use SPACE to pad its field, padding isn't
      necessary in the &lt;sub-addr&gt; field defined by this document.

      For the case of multiple subaddresses, T.33 specifies the "#"
      character be used to specify multiple subaddreses.  However, only
      digits are permitted in the &lt;sub-addr&gt; field defined by this
      document.  Refer to <a href="#section-4.1">section 4.1</a> in case multiple &lt;sub-addr&gt; per
      per &lt;fax-mbox&gt; need to be specified.

   The Minimal supported syntax for global-phone (as described in
   <a href="#section-2.1">section 2.1</a> of reference [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>]) is:

   global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT / written-sep )

   written-sep = ( "-" / "." )

   Refer to section 2.1 in [<a href="#ref-13" title="&quot;Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail&quot;">13</a>] for other important considerations about
   the global-phone element.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.2" href="#section-2.2">2.2</a> Some examples of a minimal "fax-address"</span>

   Some examples of minimal fax-address follows:





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      FAX=+3940226338

      FAX=+12027653000/T33S=1387

      FAX=+33-1-88335215

   Note:

      the examples shown are just for illustration purposes.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. The e-mail address of the I-fax device: mta-I-fax</span>

   An "I-fax device" has, among its characteristics, a unique Internet
   domain name which identifies it on the Internet.  Within Internet
   mail, this is the Right Hand Side (RHS) part of the address, i.e.,
   the part on the right of the "@" sign.  For purposes of this document
   we will call this "mta-I-fax"

      mta-I-fax = domain

   For "domain" strings used in SMTP transmissions, the string MUST
   conform to the requirements of that standards &lt;domain&gt; specifications
   [<a href="#ref-1" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol&quot;">1</a>], [<a href="#ref-3" title="&quot;Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support&quot;">3</a>].  For "domain" strings used in message content headers, the
   string MUST conform to the requirements of the relevant standards
   [<a href="#ref-2" title="&quot;Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages&quot;">2</a>], [<a href="#ref-3" title="&quot;Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support&quot;">3</a>].

   Note:

      the use of "domain names" or "domain literals" is permitted in
      addresses in both the SMTP envelope and message header fields.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. The fax-email</span>

   The complete structure used to transfer a minimal FAX address over
   the Internet e-mail transport system is called "fax-email".  This
   object is a an e-mail address which conforms to [<a href="#ref-2" title="&quot;Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages&quot;">2</a>] and [<a href="#ref-3" title="&quot;Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support&quot;">3</a>]
   "addr-spec" syntax, with structure refinements which allows the FAX
   number to be identified.

   fax-email = ["""] ["/"] fax-address ["/"] ["""] "@" mta-I-fax

   Implementors' note:

      The optional "/" characters can result from translations from
      other transport gateways (such as some X.400 gateways) which have
      included the "/" as an optional element.  Implementations MUST
      accept the optional slashes but SHOULD NOT generate them.
      Gateways are allowed to strip them off when converting to Internet



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      mail addressing.  The relevant standard [<a href="#ref-2" title="&quot;Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages&quot;">2</a>], [<a href="#ref-3" title="&quot;Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support&quot;">3</a>] define exactly
      when the optional "quotes" characters surrounding the entire local
      part (i.e., the part on the left of the "@" character into the
      fax-email) MUST be added.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.1" href="#section-4.1">4.1</a> Multiple subaddresses</span>

   There are some instances in GSTN applications where multiple
   subaddresses are used: T.33 subaddresses in fax service are one of
   these cases.  In e-mail practice a separate and unique e-mail address
   is always used for each recipient; as such, if multiple T.33
   subaddresses are present, the use of multiple "fax-email" elements is
   REQUIRED.

   Implementors' note:

      The UA MAY accept multiple subaddress elements for the same
      global-phone, but it MUST generate multiple "fax-mbox" elements
      when submitting the message to the MTA.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2" href="#section-4.2">4.2</a> Some examples of minimal "fax-email"</span>

      Some examples of minimal fax-email addresses follows:

      FAX=+3940226338@faxworld.org

      FAX=+12027653000/T33S=1387@faxworld.org

      /FAX=+33-1-88335215/@faxworld.org

   Note:

      the examples shown are just for illustration purposes.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. Conclusion</span>

   This proposal creates a minimal standard encoding for FAX addresses
   within the global e-mail transport system.  The proposal is
   consistent with existing e-mail standards.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Security Considerations</span>

   This document specifies a means by which FAX addresses can be encoded
   into e-mail addresses.  Since e-mail routing is determined by Domain
   Name System (DNS) data, a successful attack to DNS could disseminate
   tampered information, which causes e-mail messages to be diverted via
   some MTA or Gateway where the security of the software has been
   compromised.



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   There are several means by which an attacker might be able to deliver
   incorrect mail routing information to a client.  These include: (a)
   compromise of a DNS server, (b) generating a counterfeit response to
   a client's DNS query, (c) returning incorrect "additional
   information" in response to an unrelated query.  Clients SHOULD
   ensure that mail routing is based only on authoritative answers.
   Once DNS Security mechanisms [<a href="#ref-5" title="&quot;Domain Name System Security Extensions&quot;">5</a>] become more widely deployed, clients
   SHOULD employ those mechanisms to verify the authenticity and
   integrity of mail routing records.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. IANA Considerations</span>

   The IANA registration forms for "FAX" service-selector and "T33S"
   qualif-type1 elements are defined here.  These forms update the
   previous registration forms defined in [<a href="#ref-15" title="&quot;GSTN address element extensions in e-mail services&quot;">15</a>].

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.1" href="#section-7.1">7.1</a> IANA Registration form for updated value of GSTN</span>
<span class="h3">    address service-selector "FAX"</span>

   To: IANA@iana.org
   Subject: Registration of updated values for the GSTN address
   service-selector specifier "FAX"

   service-selector name:

      FAX

   Description of Use:

      FAX - specify that the GSTN address refers either to an
      Internet Fax device, or an onramp/offramp Fax gateway.

      For a complete description refer to <a href="./rfc3192">RFC 3192</a> and <a href="./rfc3191">RFC 3191</a>.

   Security Considerations:

      See the Security Consideration section of <a href="./rfc3192">RFC 3192</a>.

   Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:

   Claudio Allocchio
   INFN-GARR
   c/o Sincrotrone Trieste
   SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza
   I 34012 Trieste
   Italy





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   <a href="./rfc2822">RFC2822</a>: Claudio.Allocchio@garr.it
   X.400:   C=it;A=garr;P=garr;S=Allocchio;G=Claudio;
   Phone:   +39 040 3758523
   Fax:     +39 040 3758565

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.2" href="#section-7.2">7.2</a> IANA Registration form for updated value of GSTN</span>
<span class="h3">    address qualit-type1 keyword "T33S" and value</span>

   To: IANA@iana.org
   Subject: Registration of updated values for the GSTN address
   qualif-type1 element "T33S"

   qualif-type1 "keyword" name:

      T33S

   qualif-type1 "value" ABNF definition:

      sub-addr = 1*( DIGIT )

   Description of Use:

      T33S is used to specify the numeric only optional fax sub-address
      element described in "ITU T.33 - Facsimile routing utilizing the
      subaddress; recommendation T.33 (July, 1996)".  Further detailed
      description is available in <a href="./rfc3192">RFC 3192</a>.

   Use Restriction:

      The use of "T33S" is restricted to "FAX" service-selector, is it
      has no meaning outside the fax service.

   Security Considerations:

      See the Security Consideration section of <a href="./rfc3192">RFC 3192</a>.

   Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:

      Claudio Allocchio
      INFN-GARR
      c/o Sincrotrone Trieste
      SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza
      I 34012 Trieste
      Italy







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      <a href="./rfc2822">RFC2822</a>: Claudio.Allocchio@garr.it
      X.400:   C=it;A=garr;P=garr;S=Allocchio;G=Claudio;
      Phone:   +39 040 3758523
      Fax:     +39 040 3758565

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. Changes since <a href="./rfc2304">RFC 2304</a> specification</span>

   Although there are no major or technical changes from <a href="./rfc2304">RFC 2304</a>
   specification, this section briefly describes where updates and
   clarifications were introduced:

   -  considering the case that telephony systems do not conform any
      more to the "single/few" Public Operator paradigm, the old
      definition "PSTN - Public Switched Telephone Network" was changed
      into the more adequate "GSTN - Global Switched Telephone Network"
      one.  However, in order to remain consistent with the previous
      specification, the ABNF variables names were not changed.

   -  <a href="#section-7">section 7</a> "IANA Considerations" and the IANA registration forms
      for the "FAX" "service-selector" and for the "T33S" "qualif-type1"
      elements were added;

   -  an explicit list of "new terms" with explanations was added to
      <a href="#section-1.1">section 1.1</a>;

   -  the case when multiple T.33 subaddresses are present was described
      more explicitly in order to clarify how to handle them (<a href="#section-4.1">section</a>
      <a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>);

   -  in <a href="#section-3">section 3</a> the language describing "mta-I-fax" was updated to
      better describe its relationship with an Internet Mail address;

   -  in <a href="#section-4">section 4</a>., the quoting rules of the "fax-address" and their
      practical use was made explicit both in the definition of "fax-
      email" and in the Implementors' note;

   -  the Author's Address was updated;

   -  the References list was updates to substitute ITU E.164 (1991)
      with ITU E.164 (1997).











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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. Author's Address</span>

   Claudio Allocchio
   INFN-GARR
   c/o Sincrotrone Trieste
   SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza
   I 34012 Trieste
   Italy

   <a href="./rfc2822">RFC2822</a>: Claudio.Allocchio@garr.it
   X.400:   C=it;A=garr;P=garr;S=Allocchio;G=Claudio;
   Phone:   +39 040 3758523
   Fax:     +39 040 3758565

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-10" href="#section-10">10</a>. References</span>

   [<a id="ref-1">1</a>]  Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, <a href="./rfc821">RFC 821</a>,
        August 1982.

   [<a id="ref-2">2</a>]  Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
        Messages", STD 11, <a href="./rfc822">RFC 822</a>, August 1982.

   [<a id="ref-3">3</a>]  Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet hosts - application and
        support", STD 3, <a href="./rfc1123">RFC 1123</a>, October 1989.

   [<a id="ref-4">4</a>]  Malamud, C. and M. Rose, "Principles of Operation for the
        TPC.INT Subdomain: Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures", <a href="./rfc1528">RFC</a>
        <a href="./rfc1528">1528</a>, October 1993.

   [<a id="ref-5">5</a>]  Eastlake, D. and C. Kaufman, "Domain Name System Security
        Extensions", <a href="./rfc2065">RFC 2065</a>, January 1997.

   [<a id="ref-6">6</a>]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>, March 1997.

   [<a id="ref-7">7</a>]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
        Specifications", <a href="./rfc2234">RFC 2234</a>, November 1997.

   [<a id="ref-8">8</a>]  ITU F.401 - Message Handling Services: Naming and Addressing for
        Public Message Handling Service; recommendation F.401 (August
        1992).

   [<a id="ref-9">9</a>]  ITU F.423 - Message Handling Services: Intercommunication
        Between the Interpersonal Messaging Service and the Telefax
        Service; recommendation F.423 (August 1992).

   [<a id="ref-10">10</a>] ITU E.164 - The International Public Telecommunication Numbering
        Plan E.164/I.331 (May 1997).



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   [<a id="ref-11">11</a>] ITU T.33 - Facsimile routing utilizing the subaddress;
        recommendation T.33 (July 1996).

   [<a id="ref-12">12</a>] ETSI I-ETS 300,380 - Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT):
        Access Devices Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) sender for
        acoustical coupling to the microphone of a handset telephone
        (March 1995).

   [<a id="ref-13">13</a>] Allocchio, C., "Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail",
        <a href="./rfc3191">RFC 3191</a>, October 2001.

   [<a id="ref-14">14</a>] Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping
        between X.400 and <a href="./rfc822">RFC 822</a>/MIME", <a href="./rfc2156">RFC 2156</a>, January 1998.

   [<a id="ref-15">15</a>] Allocchio, C., "GSTN address element extensions in e-mail
        services", <a href="./rfc2846">RFC 2846</a>, June 2000.



































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Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
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   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
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   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.



















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</pre>