<pre>Network Working Group                                         A. Bierman
Request for Comments: 3395                                      C. Bucci
Updates: <a href="./rfc2895">2895</a>                                        Cisco Systems, Inc.
Category: Standards Track                                       R. Dietz
                                                              Hifn, Inc.
                                                                A. Warth
                                                          September 2002


 <span class="h1">Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifier Reference Extensions</span>

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This memo defines extensions to the Protocol Identifier Reference
   document for the identification of application verb information.  It
   updates the Protocol Identifier Reference document but does not
   obsolete any portion of that document.  In particular, it describes
   the algorithms required to identify protocol operations (verbs)
   within the protocol encapsulations managed with MIBs such as the
   Remote Network Monitoring MIB Version 2, <a href="./rfc2021">RFC 2021</a>.

Table of Contents

   <a href="#section-1">1</a>. The SNMP Network Management Framework ..........................<a href="#page-2">2</a>
   <a href="#section-2">2</a>. Overview .......................................................<a href="#page-3">3</a>
   <a href="#section-2.1">2.1</a> Protocol Identifier Framework .................................<a href="#page-3">3</a>
   <a href="#section-2.2">2.2</a> Protocol Identifier Extensions for Application Verbs ..........<a href="#page-4">4</a>
   <a href="#section-2.3">2.3</a> Terms .........................................................<a href="#page-4">4</a>
   <a href="#section-2.4">2.4</a> Relationship to the RMON-2 MIB ................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-2.5">2.5</a> Relationship to the RMON MIB Protocol Identifier Reference.....<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-3">3</a>. Definitions ....................................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1">3.1</a> Verb Identifier Macro Format ..................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.1">3.1.1</a> Lexical Conventions .........................................<a href="#page-6">6</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.2">3.1.2</a> Extended Grammar for the PI Language ........................<a href="#page-6">6</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.3">3.1.3</a> Mapping of the Parent Protocol Name .........................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.4">3.1.4</a> Mapping of the DESCRIPTION Clause ...........................<a href="#page-7">7</a>



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   <a href="#section-3.1.5">3.1.5</a> Mapping of the REFERENCE Clause .............................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.6">3.1.6</a> Mapping of the Verb List Clause .............................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.6.1">3.1.6.1</a> Mapping of the Verb Name Field ............................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
   <a href="#section-3.1.6.2">3.1.6.2</a> Mapping of the Verb Enum Field ............................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2">3.2</a> Protocol Directory Requirements ...............................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.1">3.2.1</a> Mapping of the Verb Layer Numbering Space ...................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.2">3.2.2</a> Mapping of the ProtocolDirID object .........................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.3">3.2.3</a> Mapping of the ProtocolDirParameters object .................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.4">3.2.4</a> Mapping of the ProtocolDirLocalIndex object ................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.5">3.2.5</a> Mapping of the protocolDirDescr object .....................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.6">3.2.6</a> Mapping of the protocolDirType object ......................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.7">3.2.7</a> Mapping of the protocolDirAddressMapConfig object ..........<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.8">3.2.8</a> Mapping of the protocolDirHostConfig object ................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.9">3.2.9</a> Mapping of the protocolDirMatrixConfig object ..............<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.10">3.2.10</a> Mapping of the protocolDirOwner object ....................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
   <a href="#section-3.2.11">3.2.11</a> Mapping of the protocolDirStatus object ...................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
   <a href="#section-4">4</a>. Implementation Considerations .................................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
   <a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a> Stateful Protocol Decoding ...................................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
   <a href="#section-4.2">4.2</a> Packet Capture ...............................................<a href="#page-11">11</a>
   <a href="#section-4.3">4.3</a> RMON-2 MIB Collections .......................................<a href="#page-12">12</a>
   <a href="#section-5">5</a>. Intellectual Property .........................................<a href="#page-12">12</a>
   <a href="#section-6">6</a>. Acknowledgements ..............................................<a href="#page-13">13</a>
   <a href="#section-7">7</a>. Normative References ..........................................<a href="#page-13">13</a>
   <a href="#section-8">8</a>. Informative References ........................................<a href="#page-14">14</a>
   <a href="#section-9">9</a>. IANA Considerations ...........................................<a href="#page-15">15</a>
   <a href="#section-10">10</a>. Security Considerations ......................................<a href="#page-15">15</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A">Appendix A</a>: Usage Examples .......................................<a href="#page-16">16</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A.1">A.1</a> FTP Example ..................................................<a href="#page-16">16</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A.2">A.2</a> POP3 Example .................................................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A.3">A.3</a> SNMP Example .................................................<a href="#page-18">18</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A.4">A.4</a> HTTP Example .................................................<a href="#page-18">18</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A.5">A.5</a> SMTP Example .................................................<a href="#page-19">19</a>
   Authors' Addresses ...............................................<a href="#page-20">20</a>
   Full Copyright Statement..........................................<a href="#page-21">21</a>

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>.  The SNMP Network Management Framework</span>

   The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major
   components:

      o  An overall architecture, described in <a href="./rfc2571">RFC 2571</a> [<a href="./rfc2571" title="&quot;An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks&quot;">RFC2571</a>].

      o  Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the
         purpose of management.  The first version of this Structure of
         Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and is described
         in STD 16, <a href="./rfc1155">RFC 1155</a> [<a href="./rfc1155" title="&quot;Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets&quot;">RFC1155</a>], STD 16, <a href="./rfc1212">RFC 1212</a> [<a href="./rfc1212" title="&quot;Concise MIB Definitions&quot;">RFC1212</a>] and





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         <a href="./rfc1215">RFC 1215</a> [<a href="./rfc1215" title="&quot;A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP&quot;">RFC1215</a>].  The second version, called SMIv2, is
         described in STD 58, <a href="./rfc2578">RFC 2578</a> [<a href="./rfc2578" title="&quot;Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)&quot;">RFC2578</a>], <a href="./rfc2579">RFC 2579</a> [<a href="./rfc2579" title="&quot;Textual Conventions for SMIv2&quot;">RFC2579</a>] and
         <a href="./rfc2580">RFC 2580</a> [<a href="./rfc2580" title="&quot;Conformance Statements for SMIv2&quot;">RFC2580</a>].

      o  Message protocols for transferring management information.  The
         first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and
         is described in STD 15, <a href="./rfc1157">RFC 1157</a> [<a href="./rfc1157" title="&quot;Simple Network Management Protocol&quot;">RFC1157</a>].  A second version
         of the SNMP message protocol, which is not an Internet
         standards track protocol, is called SNMPv2c and is described in
         <a href="./rfc1901">RFC 1901</a> [<a href="./rfc1901" title="&quot;Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2&quot;">RFC1901</a>] and <a href="./rfc1906">RFC 1906</a> [<a href="./rfc1906" title="&quot;Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)&quot;">RFC1906</a>].  The third version
         of the message protocol is called SNMPv3 and is described in
         <a href="./rfc1906">RFC 1906</a> [<a href="./rfc1906" title="&quot;Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)&quot;">RFC1906</a>], <a href="./rfc2572">RFC 2572</a> [<a href="./rfc2572" title="&quot;Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">RFC2572</a>] and <a href="./rfc2574">RFC 2574</a> [<a href="./rfc2574" title="&quot;User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)&quot;">RFC2574</a>].

      o  Protocol operations for accessing management information.  The
         first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is
         described in STD 15, <a href="./rfc1157">RFC 1157</a> [<a href="./rfc1157" title="&quot;Simple Network Management Protocol&quot;">RFC1157</a>].  A second set of
         protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in
         <a href="./rfc1905">RFC 1905</a> [<a href="./rfc1905" title="&quot;Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)&quot;">RFC1905</a>].

      o  A set of fundamental applications is described in <a href="./rfc2573">RFC 2573</a>
         [<a href="./rfc2573" title="&quot;SNMPv3 Applications&quot;">RFC2573</a>].  The view-based access control mechanism is
         described in <a href="./rfc2575">RFC 2575</a> [<a href="./rfc2575" title="&quot;View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)&quot;">RFC2575</a>].

   A more detailed introduction to the current SNMP Management Framework
   can be found in <a href="./rfc2570">RFC 2570</a> [<a href="./rfc2570" title="&quot;Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework&quot;">RFC2570</a>].

   Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
   the Management Information Base or MIB.  Objects in the MIB are
   defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.

   This memo does not specify a MIB module.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>.  Overview</span>

   There is a need for a standardized way of identifying the protocol
   operations defined for particular application protocols.  Different
   protocol operations can have very different performance
   characteristics, and it is desirable to collect certain metrics at
   this level of granularity.  This memo defines extensions to the
   existing protocol identifier structure [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>] and is intended to
   update, not obsolete, the existing protocol identifier encoding
   rules.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.1" href="#section-2.1">2.1</a>  Protocol Identifier Framework</span>

   The RMON Protocol Identifier (PI) structure [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>] allows for a
   variable number of layer identifiers.  Each layer contributes 4
   octets to the protocolDirID OCTET STRING and one octet to the



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   protocolDirParameters OCTET STRING.  These two MIB objects comprise
   the index in the protocolDirTable [<a href="./rfc2021" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)&quot;">RFC2021</a>] and represent a globally
   unique identifier for a particular protocol encapsulation (or set of
   encapsulations if the wild-card base layer is used).

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.2" href="#section-2.2">2.2</a>  Protocol Identifier Extensions for Application Verbs</span>

   The existing RMON protocol identifier architecture requires that an
   application verb be represented by one additional protocol layer,
   appended to the protocol identifier for the parent application.
   Since some application verbs are defined as strings which can exceed
   4 octets in length, an integer mapping must be provided for each
   string.  This memo specifies how the verb layer is structured, as
   well as a verb identifier macro syntax for specification of verb name
   to integer mappings.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.3" href="#section-2.3">2.3</a>  Terms</span>

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a> [<a href="./rfc2119" title="&quot;Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels&quot;">RFC2119</a>].

   This document uses some terms defined in the RMON Protocol Identifier
   Reference document [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>] and some new terms that need
   introduction here.

   Application Verb
      Also called simply 'verb'.  Refers to one of potentially many
      protocol operations that are defined by a particular application
      protocol.

      Note that an application verb is not equivalent to an application
      protocol sub-command or opcode within a packet containing a PDU
      for the application.  An application verb is a transaction type
      and may involve several PDU types within the application protocol
      (e.g., SNMP Get-PDU and Response-PDU).  In some applications, a
      verb may encompass protocol operations pertaining to more than one
      protocol entry in the protocol directory (e.g., ftp and ftp-data).

   Connect Verb
      The special application verb associated with connection or session
      setup and tear-down traffic, and not attributed to any other verb
      for the application.  This verb is assigned the enumeration value
      of zero, and the verb 'connect(0)' is implicitly defined for all
      application protocols.






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   Parent Application
      One of potentially many protocol encapsulations which identifies a
      particular application protocol.  This term refers generically to
      any or all such encapsulations for a given set of application
      verbs.

   Verb Layer
      The portion of the protocol identifier octet string which
      identifies the application verb.

   Verb Set
      The group of verbs enumerated for a particular application
      protocol.  The list of verb strings within a particular verb-
      identifier macro invocation is also called the verb set for that
      verb identifier.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.4" href="#section-2.4">2.4</a>  Relationship to the RMON-2 MIB</span>

   The RMON-2 MIB [<a href="./rfc2021" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)&quot;">RFC2021</a>] contains the protocolDirTable MIB objects
   used to identify all protocol encapsulations that can be monitored by
   a particular RMON agent.

   This memo describes how these MIB objects are mapped by an
   implementation for entries which identify application verbs. This
   document does not define any new MIB objects to identify application
   verbs.  The applicability of the definitions in this document is not
   limited to the RMON-2 MIB. Other specifications which utilize the
   RMON-2 protocolDirTable and/or the protocol identifier macros which
   it represents can also utilize the application verb macro definitions
   contained in this document.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.5" href="#section-2.5">2.5</a>  Relationship to the RMON MIB Protocol Identifier Reference</span>

   The RMON MIB Protocol Identifier Reference [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>] defines the RMON
   Protocol Identifier Macro Specification Language as well as the
   encoding rules for the ProtocolDirID and protocolDirParameters OCTET
   STRINGs.  This memo defines extensions to the Protocol Identifier
   Reference for the identification of application verb information.  It
   does not obsolete any portion of the Protocol Identifier Reference
   document.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>.  Definitions</span>

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1" href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>  Verb Identifier Macro Format</span>

   The following example is meant to introduce the verb-identifier
   macro.  This macro-like construct is used to represent protocol verbs
   for a specific parent application.



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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.1" href="#section-3.1.1">3.1.1</a>  Lexical Conventions</span>

   The following keyword is added to the PI language:

       VERB-IDENTIFIER

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.2" href="#section-3.1.2">3.1.2</a>  Extended Grammar for the PI Language</span>

   The following is the extended BNF notation for the grammar with
   starting symbol &lt;piFile&gt;.  It is for representing verb identifier
   macros.  Note that only the term &lt;piFile&gt; is actually modified from
   the definition in [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>].  The &lt;piDefinition&gt; syntax is not
   reproduced here, since this memo is intended to extend that
   definition, not replace it.

       -- a file containing one or more
       -- Protocol Identifier (PI) definitions
       &lt;piFile&gt; = [ &lt;piDefinition&gt; | &lt;piVerbDefinition&gt; ]...

       -- a PI definition
       &lt;piVerbDefinition&gt; =
         [&lt;wspace&gt;] &lt;parentProtoName&gt; &lt;wspace&gt; "VERB-IDENTIFIER"
               &lt;wspace&gt; "DESCRIPTION" &lt;wspace&gt; string
             [ &lt;wspace&gt; "REFERENCE" &lt;wspace&gt; string ]
             [&lt;wspace&gt;] "::=" [&lt;wspace&gt;]
             "{" [&lt;wspace&gt;] &lt;verbList&gt; [&lt;wspace&gt;] "}" [&lt;wspace&gt;]

       -- a list of verb identifier string
       &lt;verbList&gt; = &lt;verbId&gt; [ [&lt;wspace&gt;] "," [&lt;wspace&gt;] &lt;verbId&gt; ]...

       -- a verb identifier string
       &lt;verbId&gt; = &lt;verbName&gt; [&lt;wspace&gt;] "(" [&lt;wspace&gt;]
                 &lt;verbEnum&gt; [&lt;wspace&gt;] ")" [&lt;wspace&gt;]

       -- a protocol name
       &lt;parentProtoName&gt; = &lt;protoName&gt;

       -- a verb name
       &lt;verbName&gt; = &lt;lcname&gt;

       -- a verb enumeration
       &lt;verbEnum&gt; = &lt;posNum&gt;

       -- a positive integer
       &lt;posNum&gt; = any integer value greater than zero and
                  less than 16,777,216

       -- &lt;piDefinition&gt; syntax is defined in [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>]



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       -- &lt;protoName&gt; syntax is defined in [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>]
       -- &lt;wspace&gt; syntax is defined in [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>]
       -- &lt;lcname&gt; syntax is defined in [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>]

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.3" href="#section-3.1.3">3.1.3</a>  Mapping of the Parent Protocol Name</span>

   The "parentProtoName" value, called the "parent protocol name",
   SHOULD be an ASCII string consisting of 1 to 64 characters.  (These
   names are intended to appear in IETF documentation, so the use of
   UTF-8 is not appropriate.)  The encoding rules are exactly as
   specified in <a href="./rfc2895#section-6.2.4">section&nbsp;6.2.4 of [RFC2895]</a> for the mapping of the
   protocol name field.  The value for &lt;parentProtoName&gt; (which is
   called the "parent protocol name") MUST be the value of a protocol
   identifier defined as specified for &lt;protoName&gt; in <a href="./rfc2895#section-3.2.4">section&nbsp;3.2.4 of
   [RFC2895]</a>.  The value of &lt;parentProtoName&gt; MUST specify a &lt;protoName&gt;
   defined in the &lt;piFile&gt;.

   A protocol identifier macro SHOULD exist in the &lt;piFile&gt; for at least
   one encapsulation of the parent application protocol if any verb
   identifier macros referencing that parent application are present in
   the &lt;piFile&gt;.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.4" href="#section-3.1.4">3.1.4</a>  Mapping of the DESCRIPTION Clause</span>

   The DESCRIPTION clause provides a textual description of the protocol
   verb set identified by this macro.  It SHOULD NOT contain details
   about items covered by the REFERENCE clause.  The DESCRIPTION clause
   MUST be present in all verb-identifier macro declarations.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.5" href="#section-3.1.5">3.1.5</a>  Mapping of the REFERENCE Clause</span>

   If a publicly available reference document exists for this set of
   application protocol verbs, it SHOULD be listed here.  Typically this
   will be a URL, otherwise it will be the name and address of the
   controlling body.

   The REFERENCE clause is optional but SHOULD be present if an
   authoritative reference exists which specifies the application
   protocol verbs defined in the &lt;verbList&gt; section of this macro.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.6" href="#section-3.1.6">3.1.6</a>  Mapping of the Verb List Clause</span>

   The verb list clause MUST be present.  It is used to identify a list
   of application verb names and associate a numeric constant with each
   verb name.  At least one verb MUST be specified and a maximum of
   16,777,215 (2^^24 - 1) verbs MAY be specified.  This enumerated list
   SHOULD be densely numbered (i.e., valued from '1' to 'N', where 'N'
   is the total number of verbs defined in the macro).



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<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.6.1" href="#section-3.1.6.1">3.1.6.1</a>  Mapping of the Verb Name Field</span>

   The &lt;verbName&gt; field is case-sensitive and SHOULD be set to the most
   appropriate string name for each application verb.  If such a
   descriptive string is defined in an authoritative document then that
   string SHOULD be used.  If no such string exists then an appropriate
   but arbitrary string should be selected for this value.

   Verb names MUST be unique for a particular parent application.  Note
   that the special 'connect(0)' verb is implicitly defined for each
   application protocol.  It is possible for an explicit definition of
   this verb (e.g., 'connect(8)' for http) to exist for a protocol, as
   well as the implicit 'connect(0)' verb.

<span class="h5"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.6.2" href="#section-3.1.6.2">3.1.6.2</a>  Mapping of the Verb Enum Field</span>

   The &lt;verbEnum&gt; field MUST be unique for all verbs associated with a
   particular parent application.  This field SHOULD contain a value
   between '1' and '16,777,215' inclusive.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2" href="#section-3.2">3.2</a>  Protocol Directory Requirements</span>

   This section defines how the protocolDirTable should be populated for
   any application verb identified with a verb-identifier macro.

   An agent MUST implement all applicable protocolDirTable MIB objects
   on behalf of each supported application verb.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.1" href="#section-3.2.1">3.2.1</a>  Mapping of the Verb Layer Numbering Space</span>

   The verb layer consists of the 4 octets within the protocolDirID
   INDEX field which identify a particular application verb.

                     Figure 1
                 Verb Layer Format
                 -----------------

            protocolDirID string fragment
        ---+--------+--------+--------+--------+
           | resrvd |                          |
        .. | set to |  verb enumeration value  |
           | zero   |   (a)     (b)      (c)   |
        ---+--------+--------+--------+--------+ octet
           |    1   |             3            | count

   The first octet is reserved for future use and MUST be set to zero.





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   The next three octets identify the &lt;verbEnum&gt; field used to enumerate
   the particular application verb represented by the &lt;verbName&gt; field.
   This field is a 24-bit unsigned integer, encoded in network byte
   order.

   The value zero is reserved to identify the special 'connect(0)' verb.
   This verb enumeration value (i.e., '0' part of 'connect(0)') MUST NOT
   be redefined in a verb identifier macro verb list.  Note that the
   verb name 'connect' is not reserved and MAY be redefined in a verb
   list.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.2" href="#section-3.2.2">3.2.2</a>  Mapping of the ProtocolDirID object</span>

   The protocolDirID OCTET STRING value for a particular application
   verb is represented by the protocolDirID value for the parent
   application, appended with the verb's layer identifier value.

                        Figure 2
              ProtocolDirID Format for Verbs
              ------------------------------

                protocolDirID string
           +--------+--------+--------+--------+
           |        parent            |  verb  |
           |    protocolDirID         | layer  |
           |        string            | value  |
           +--------+--------+--------+--------+ octet
           |   length of parent ID    |   4    | count

   The protocolDirID object is encoded as the protocolDirID value of the
   parent application, followed by four additional octets representing
   the verb layer.  The verb layer value is encoded as [0.a.b.c] where
   'a' is the high order byte, 'b' is the middle order byte, and 'c' is
   the low order byte of the &lt;verbEnum&gt; field for the specific
   application verb value. A valid PI verb enumeration will be encoded
   in the range "0.0.0.0" to "0.255.255.255", where the special value
   "0.0.0.0" is reserved for the implicitly defined 'connect(0)' verb.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.3" href="#section-3.2.3">3.2.3</a>  Mapping of the ProtocolDirParameters object</span>

   The protocolDirParameters OCTET STRING value for a particular
   application verb is represented by the protocolDirParameters value
   for the parent application, appended with one octet containing the
   value zero.  Although not actually used, this field is included to
   conform to the encoding rules defined in the Protocol Identifiers
   Reference [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>].





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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.4" href="#section-3.2.4">3.2.4</a>  Mapping of the ProtocolDirLocalIndex object</span>

   The agent MUST assign an appropriate protocolDirLocalIndex value for
   each application verb according to the encoding rules defined for
   this object in [<a href="./rfc2021" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)&quot;">RFC2021</a>] and [<a href="./rfc2895" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers&quot;">RFC2895</a>].

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.5" href="#section-3.2.5">3.2.5</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirDescr object</span>

   The agent MUST convey the &lt;verbName&gt; value for a particular
   application verb in the protocolDirDescr object.  This object SHOULD
   be encoded as the protocolDirDescr value for the parent application
   appended with a 'dot' character, followed by the exact text contained
   in the &lt;verbName&gt; field.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.6" href="#section-3.2.6">3.2.6</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirType object</span>

   The agent MUST set the protocolDirType object for each application
   verb to the value representing the empty bit set ( {} ).

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.7" href="#section-3.2.7">3.2.7</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirAddressMapConfig object</span>

   The agent MUST set the protocolDirAddressMapConfig object for each
   application verb to the value 'notSupported(1)'.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.8" href="#section-3.2.8">3.2.8</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirHostConfig object</span>

   The agent MUST set the protocolDirHostConfig object for each
   application verb present in the protocol directory according to the
   monitoring capabilities for each verb.  The agent MAY set this object
   to the same value as configured in the parent application
   protocolDirHostConfig object.  The agent MAY choose to transition
   this object from the value 'supportedOn(2)' to 'supportedOff(3)' if
   the parent application protocolDirHostConfig object first transitions
   from 'supportedOn(2)' to 'supportedOff(3)'.

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.9" href="#section-3.2.9">3.2.9</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirMatrixConfig object</span>

   The agent MUST set the protocolDirMatrixConfig object for each
   application verb according to the monitoring capabilities for each
   verb.  The agent MAY set this object to the same value as configured
   in the parent application protocolDirMatrixConfig object.  The agent
   MAY choose to transition this object from the value 'supportedOn(2)'
   to 'supportedOff(3)' if the parent application
   protocolDirMatrixConfig object first transitions from
   'supportedOn(2)' to 'supportedOff(3)'.






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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.10" href="#section-3.2.10">3.2.10</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirOwner object</span>

   This object is encoded exactly the same for application verbs as for
   other protocolDirTable entries, according to the rules specified in
   the RMON-2 MIB [<a href="./rfc2021" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)&quot;">RFC2021</a>].

<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2.11" href="#section-3.2.11">3.2.11</a>  Mapping of the protocolDirStatus object</span>

   This object is encoded exactly the same for application verbs as for
   other protocolDirTable entries, according to the rules specified in
   RMON-2 MIB [<a href="./rfc2021" title="&quot;Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)&quot;">RFC2021</a>].

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>.  Implementation Considerations</span>

   This section discusses the implementation implications for agents
   which support verbs in the protocol directory and the RMON
   collections which utilize the protocol directory.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.1" href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>  Stateful Protocol Decoding</span>

   Implementations of the RMON-2 MIB for application layer and network
   layer protocols typically require little if any state to be
   maintained by the probe.  The probe can generally decide whether to
   count a packet and its octets on the packet's own merits, without
   referencing or updating any state information.

   Implementations of the RMON-2 MIB at the verb layer will, for many
   protocols, need to maintain state information in order to correctly
   classify a packet as "belonging" to one verb or another.  The
   examples below illustrate this point.

   For SNMP over UDP, a Response-PDU for an SNMP Get-PDU can't be
   distinguished from a Response-PDU for a Getnext-PDU.  A probe would
   need to maintain state information in order to correlate a Response-
   PDU from B to A with a previous request from A to B.

   For application protocols carried over a stream-based transport such
   as TCP, the information required to identify an application verb can
   span several packets.  A probe would need to follow the transport-
   layer flow in order to correctly parse the application-layer data.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2" href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>  Packet Capture</span>

   For packet capture based on verb-layer protocol directory filtering,
   the decision to include a packet in the capture buffer may need to be
   deferred until the packet can be conclusively attributed to a





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   particular verb.  A probe may need to pre-buffer packets while
   deciding to include or exclude them from capture based on other
   packets that have not yet arrived.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.3" href="#section-4.3">4.3</a>  RMON-2 MIB Collections</span>

   Data collections such as the protocol distribution or Application
   Layer Host Table (alHostTable) require that each packet is counted
   only once, i.e., a given packet is fully classified as a single
   protocol encapsulation which resolves to a single leaf entry in the
   protocol directory.  Also, octet counters related to protocol
   classification are incremented by the entire size of packet, not just
   the octets associated with a particular encapsulation layer.

   It is possible that particular application protocols will allow
   multiple types of verbs to be present in a single packet.  In this
   case, the agent MUST choose one verb type, and therefore one protocol
   directory entry, in order to properly count such a packet.

   It is an implementation-specific matter as to which verb type an
   agent selects to identify a packet in the event more than one verb
   type is present in that packet.  Some possible choices include:

      -  the first verb type encountered in the packet

      -  the verb type with the most instances in the packet

      -  the verb type using the largest number of octets in the packet

      -  the most 'interesting' verb type in the packet (based on
         knowledge of that application protocol).

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>.  Intellectual Property</span>

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
   has made any effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the
   IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
   standards-related documentation can be found in <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp11">BCP-11</a>.  Copies of
   claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
   licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
   obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
   proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
   be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.




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   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
   Director.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>.  Acknowledgements</span>

   This memo is a product of the RMONMIB WG.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>.  Normative References</span>

   [<a id="ref-RFC1905">RFC1905</a>] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M.
             and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of
             the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", <a href="./rfc1905">RFC 1905</a>,
             January 1996.

   [<a id="ref-RFC1906">RFC1906</a>] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M.
             and S.  Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of
             the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", <a href="./rfc1906">RFC 1906</a>,
             January 1996.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2021">RFC2021</a>] Waldbusser, S., "Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)",
             <a href="./rfc2021">RFC 2021</a>, January 1997.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2026">RFC2026</a>] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
             3", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp9">BCP 9</a>, <a href="./rfc2026">RFC 2026</a>, October 1996.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2119">RFC2119</a>] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>, March 1997.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2571">RFC2571</a>] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture
             for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", <a href="./rfc2571">RFC 2571</a>, April
             1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2572">RFC2572</a>] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R. and B. Wijnen, "Message
             Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network
             Management Protocol (SNMP)", <a href="./rfc2572">RFC 2572</a>, April 1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2573">RFC2573</a>] Levi, D., Meyer, P. and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications",
             <a href="./rfc2573">RFC 2573</a>, April 1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2574">RFC2574</a>] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model
             (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management
             Protocol (SNMPv3)", <a href="./rfc2574">RFC 2574</a>, April 1999.






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   [<a id="ref-RFC2575">RFC2575</a>] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based
             Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network
             Management Protocol (SNMP)", <a href="./rfc2575">RFC 2575</a>, April 1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2578">RFC2578</a>] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J.,
             Rose, M.  and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management
             Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, <a href="./rfc2578">RFC 2578</a>, April
             1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2579">RFC2579</a>] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J.,
             Rose, M.  and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for
             SMIv2", STD 58, <a href="./rfc2579">RFC 2579</a>, April 1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2580">RFC2580</a>] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J.,
             Rose, M.  and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for
             SMIv2", STD 58, <a href="./rfc2580">RFC 2580</a>, April 1999.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2895">RFC2895</a>] Bierman, A., Bucci, C. and R. Iddon, "Remote Network
             Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifiers", <a href="./rfc2895">RFC 2895</a>, August
             2000.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>.  Informative References</span>

   [<a id="ref-RFC1155">RFC1155</a>] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification
             of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD
             16, <a href="./rfc1155">RFC 1155</a>, May 1990.

   [<a id="ref-RFC1157">RFC1157</a>] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M. and J. Davin, "Simple
             Network Management Protocol", STD 15, <a href="./rfc1157">RFC 1157</a>, May 1990.

   [<a id="ref-RFC1212">RFC1212</a>] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD
             16, <a href="./rfc1212">RFC 1212</a>, March 1991.

   [<a id="ref-RFC1215">RFC1215</a>] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the
             SNMP", <a href="./rfc1215">RFC 1215</a>, March 1991.

   [<a id="ref-RFC1901">RFC1901</a>] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M.
             and S.  Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based
             SNMPv2", <a href="./rfc1901">RFC 1901</a>, January 1996.

   [<a id="ref-RFC2570">RFC2570</a>] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D. and B. Stewart,
             "Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network
             Management Framework", <a href="./rfc2570">RFC 2570</a>, April 1999.








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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>.  IANA Considerations</span>

   At this time there are no application protocol verbs defined that
   require IANA registration, similar to the 'ianaAssigned' protocol
   identifiers found in <a href="./rfc2895">RFC 2895</a>.  It is remotely possible that a future
   version of this document will contain application verb definitions
   which require assignment in the 'ianaAssigned' protocol identifier
   subtree.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-10" href="#section-10">10</a>.  Security Considerations</span>

   This memo defines the structure of a portion of the Remote Monitoring
   MIB framework, but does not define any MIB objects or protocol
   operations.  Instead, it defines algorithms for representing
   application protocol verbs in RMON Protocol Identifiers.  It does not
   introduce any new security risks into a managed system.

   However, if an MIB collection is designed which utilizes this type of
   Protocol Identifier, then such a collection may expose which verbs in
   an application protocol are used in a network.  Inclusion of this
   additional information may require more consideration for protection.
   MIB writers should address such considerations.





























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Appendix A: Usage Examples

   The following examples are listed to demonstrate how RMON verb
   identifiers are declared.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A.1" href="#appendix-A.1">A.1</a>  FTP Example</span>

   This example defines verb enumeration values for the File Transfer
   Protocol as defined in <a href="./rfc959">RFC 959</a> and updated by <a href="./rfc2228">RFC 2228</a> and <a href="./rfc2640">RFC 2640</a>.
   Note that verb name strings specified in the &lt;verbName&gt; field are not
   limited to 4 characters in length. In the FTP protocol, all the
   command names are 4 characters in length and the verb name string
   should match the official command name as closely as possible.

   ftp VERB-IDENTIFIER
       DESCRIPTION
         "The set of verbs for FTP is derived from the list
          of commands defined for the File Transfer Protocol,
          which are identified by case-insensitive strings.
          The commands are simply listed in the order found
          in the FTP documentation."
       REFERENCE
         "File Transfer Protocol, <a href="./rfc959#section-4.1">RFC 959, Section&nbsp;4.1</a>;
          FTP Security Extensions, <a href="./rfc2228#section-3">RFC 2228, Section&nbsp;3</a>;
          Internationalization of the File Transfer Protocol,
          <a href="./rfc2640#section-4.1">RFC 2640, Section&nbsp;4.1</a>."
       ::= {
             user(1),     -- USER NAME
             pass(2),     -- PASSWORD
             acct(3),     -- ACCOUNT
             cwd(4),      -- CHANGE WORKING DIRECTORY
             cdup(5),     -- CHANGE TO PARENT DIRECTORY
             smnt(6),     -- STRUCTURE MOUNT
             rein(7),     -- REINITIALIZE
             quit(8),     -- LOGOUT
             port(9),     -- DATA PORT
             pasv(10),    -- PASSIVE
             type(11),    -- REPRESENTATION TYPE
             stru(12),    -- FILE STRUCTURE
             mode(13),    -- TRANSFER MODE
             retr(14),    -- RETRIEVE
             stor(15),    -- STORE
             stou(16),    -- STORE UNIQUE
             appe(17),    -- APPEND (with create)
             allo(18),    -- ALLOCATE
             rest(19),    -- RESTART
             rnfr(20),    -- RENAME FROM
             rnto(21),    -- RENAME TO



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             abor(22),    -- ABORT
             dele(23),    -- DELETE
             rmd(24),     -- REMOVE DIRECTORY
             mkd(25),     -- MAKE DIRECTORY
             pwd(26),     -- PRINT WORKING DIRECTORY
             list(27),    -- LIST
             nlst(28),    -- NAME LIST
             site(29),    -- SITE PARAMETERS
             syst(30),    -- SYSTEM
             stat(31),    -- STATUS
             help(32),    -- HELP
             noop(33),    -- NOOP
             auth(34),    -- AUTHENTICATION/SECURITY MECHANISM
             adat(35),    -- AUTHENTICATION/SECURITY DATA
             pbsz(36),    -- PROTECTION BUFFER SIZE
             prot(37),    -- DATA CHANNEL PROTECTION LEVEL
             ccc(38),     -- CLEAR COMMAND CHANNEL
             mic(39),     -- INTEGRITY PROTECTED COMMAND
             conf(40),    -- CONFIDENTIALITY PROTECTED COMMAND
             enc(41),     -- PRIVACY PROTECTED COMMAND
             lang(42)     -- LANGUAGE
      }

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A.2" href="#appendix-A.2">A.2</a>  POP3 Example</span>

   This example defines verb enumeration values for the Post Office
   Protocol, Version 3, as defined in <a href="./rfc1939">RFC 1939</a> and updated by <a href="./rfc2449">RFC 2449</a>.

   pop3 VERB-IDENTIFIER
       DESCRIPTION
         "The set of verbs for POP3 is derived from the list
          of commands defined for the Post Office Protocol,
          which are identified by case-insensitive strings.
          The commands are simply listed in the order found
          in the POP3 command summary."
       REFERENCE
         "Post Office Protocol, Version 3, <a href="./rfc1939#section-9">RFC 1939, Section&nbsp;9</a>;
          POP3 Extension Mechanism, <a href="./rfc2449#section-5">RFC 2449, Section&nbsp;5</a>."
       ::= {
             user(1),
             pass(2),
             quit(3),
             stat(4),
             list(5),
             retr(6),
             dele(7),
             noop(8),
             rset(9),



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             apop(10),
             top(11),
             uidl(12),
             capa(13)
       }

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A.3" href="#appendix-A.3">A.3</a>  SNMP Example</span>

   This example defines verb enumeration values for the Simple Network
   Management Protocol, as defined in <a href="./rfc1905">RFC 1905</a>.

   snmp VERB-IDENTIFIER
       DESCRIPTION
         "The set of verbs for SNMP is derived from the list
          of PDU transaction types in the Protocol Operations
          document for SNMPv2.  Note that the 'Response'
          and 'Report' PDUs are not considered verbs, but are
          classified as belonging to the transaction type
          associated with the request PDU."
       REFERENCE
         "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the
          Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2),
          <a href="./rfc1905#section-3">RFC 1905, Section&nbsp;3</a>."
       ::= {
             get(1),
             get-next(2),
             get-bulk(3),
             set(4),
             inform-request(5),
             trap(6)
       }

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A.4" href="#appendix-A.4">A.4</a>  HTTP Example</span>

   This example defines verb enumeration values for the Hypertext
   Transfer Protocol, version 1.1, as defined in <a href="./rfc2616">RFC 2616</a>.

   http VERB-IDENTIFIER
       DESCRIPTION
         "The set of verbs for HTTP is derived from the list
          of methods defined for the Hypertext Transfer Protocol,
          which are identified by case-sensitive strings.
          The commands are simply listed in the order found
          in the HTTP/1.1 documentation.  Methods commonly used
          in HTTP/1.0 are a proper subset of those used in HTTP/1.1.
          Both versions of the protocol are in current use."
       REFERENCE
          "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1, <a href="./rfc2616">RFC 2616</a>,



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          <a href="#section-9">Section 9</a>; Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0, <a href="./rfc1945">RFC</a>
          <a href="./rfc1945">1945</a>, <a href="#section-8">Section 8</a>."
       ::= {
             options(1),
             get(2),
             head(3),
             post(4),
             put(5),
             delete(6),
             trace(7),
             connect(8)  -- reserved for future use by HTTP/1.1
       }

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A.5" href="#appendix-A.5">A.5</a>  SMTP Example</span>

   This example defines verb enumeration values for the Simple Mail
   Transfer Protocol as defined in <a href="./rfc2821">RFC 2821</a>.

   smtp VERB-IDENTIFIER
       DESCRIPTION
       "The set of verbs for SMTP is derived from the set of commands
        defined for the protocol.  These commands are identified
        by case-insensitive strings.  Commands are listed in the
        order found in <a href="./rfc2821">RFC 2821</a>.  The special "xcmd" verb is defined
        here as a catch-all for private-use commands, which must
        start with the letter 'X'."
       REFERENCE
         "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol -- <a href="./rfc2821">RFC 2821</a>, sections <a href="#section-4.1.1">4.1.1</a>
          and 4.1.5."
       ::= {
             ehlo(1),  -- Extended HELLO (4.1.1.1)
             helo(2),  -- HELLO (4.1.1.1)
             mail(3),  -- MAIL (4.1.1.2)
             rcpt(4),  -- RECIPIENT (4.1.1.3)
             data(5),  -- DATA (4.1.1.4)
             rset(6),  -- RESET (4.1.1.5)
             vrfy(7),  -- VERIFY (4.1.1.6)
             expn(8),  -- EXPAND (4.1.1.7)
             help(9),  -- HELP (4.1.1.8)
             noop(10), -- NOOP (4.1.1.9)
             quit(11), -- QUIT (4.1.1.10)
             xcmd(12)  -- Catch-all for private-use "X" commands (4.1.5)
       }








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Authors' Addresses

   Andy Bierman
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   170 West Tasman Dr
   San Jose, CA USA 95134

   Phone: +1 408-527-3711
   EMail: abierman@cisco.com


   Chris Bucci
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   170 West Tasman Dr
   San Jose, CA USA 95134

   Phone: +1 408-527-5337
   EMail: cbucci@cisco.com


   Russell Dietz
   Hifn, Inc.
   750 University Ave
   Los Gatos, CA, USA 95032-7695

   Phone: +1 408-399-3623
   EMail: rdietz@hifn.com


   Albin Warth

   EMail: dahoss@earthlink.net



















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<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc3395">RFC 3395</a>                 RMON Verb Identifiers            September 2002</span>


Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.



















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</pre>