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<pre>Network Working Group G. Parsons
Request for Comments: 4024 Nortel Networks
Category: Informational J. Maruszak
July 2005
<span class="h1">Voice Messaging Client Behaviour</span>
Status of This Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
Abstract
This document defines the expected behaviour of a client to various
aspects of a Voice Profile for Internet Mail (VPIM) message or any
voice and/or fax message.
Table of Contents
<a href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction.................................................. <a href="#page-2">2</a>
<a href="#section-2">2</a>. Conventions Used in This Document............................. <a href="#page-2">2</a>
<a href="#section-3">3</a>. Message Icon.................................................. <a href="#page-3">3</a>
<a href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism...................................... <a href="#page-3">3</a>
<a href="#section-4">4</a>. Sender's Number Column........................................ <a href="#page-3">3</a>
<a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism...................................... <a href="#page-4">4</a>
<a href="#section-5">5</a>. Message Size.................................................. <a href="#page-4">4</a>
<a href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism...................................... <a href="#page-4">4</a>
<a href="#section-6">6</a>. Media Viewer.................................................. <a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism...................................... <a href="#page-6">6</a>
<a href="#section-7">7</a>. Mark Message as Read.......................................... <a href="#page-6">6</a>
<a href="#section-7.1">7.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism...................................... <a href="#page-6">6</a>
<a href="#section-8">8</a>. Security Considerations....................................... <a href="#page-7">7</a>
<a href="#section-9">9</a>. Informative References........................................ <a href="#page-7">7</a>
<a href="#section-10">10</a>. Acknowledgments............................................... <a href="#page-8">8</a>
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 1]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-2" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>
As Internet messaging evolves into unified messaging, the term
"e-mail" no longer refers to text-only messages. Today's "e-mail"
are often multi-media. That is, they can have numerous non-text
parts. These parts can be attachments or can contain voice and/or
fax.
Each of voice, fax, and text have their own distinct characteristics,
which are intuitive to the user. For example, each of these message
types require a different media viewer (text editor for text, audio
player for voice, and image viewer for fax), and the dimensions of
message size are also different for all three (kilobytes for text,
seconds for voice, and pages for fax). As a result, a message that
includes more than one of these in its parts is termed a mixed media
message.
How the messaging client responds to, and acts on these differences
is termed "Client Behaviour". This is dependent on the concept of
"Message-Context" [<a href="#ref-2" title=""Message Context for Internet Mail"">2</a>] (previously called primary content), which
defines whether the message is a voice mail, fax, or text message.
The client can utilize this header to determine the appropriate
client behaviour for a particular message.
Traditionally, a messaging "client" referred to some sort of visual
interface (or GUI - graphical user interface) that was presented on
the users computer. However, as messaging evolves to unified
communications the actual form of the messaging client is expected to
change. Today's email can often be viewed on wireless devices with
very limited screens or even "viewed" over a telephone (i.e.,
listening to email as you would listen to voice mail through a TUI -
telset user interface).
The intent of this document is to be general and refer to all types
of messaging clients, as the user's expectation of behaviour based on
the type of message is not expected to change. However, some of the
following concepts may tend towards the more common GUI client.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. Conventions Used in This Document</span>
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server respectively.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in <a href="./rfc2119">RFC-2119</a> [<a href="#ref-4" title=""Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels"">4</a>].
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 2]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-3" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. Message Icon</span>
The preferred method to distinguish between voice, fax, and text
messages on a GUI client is with a visual cue, or icon. A similar
voice prompt or "earcon" would be used for TUI clients.
As it is possible for the message to contain more than one media
type, the icon should describe the primary message content, as
defined by the "Message-Context" header. Obvious choices for the
icon/message pairs would be a telephone for a voice message, a fax
machine for a fax message, and an envelope for a text mail message.
Similarly obvious for the earcons would be short spoken prompts like
"voice message".
This could be taken a step further, and have the GUI icon change to
indicate that the message has been read as is currently done in some
email clients (others do not change the icon but merely bold the
message in the message list to indicate it is unread). For example,
a telephone with the receiver off-hook could indicate that the voice
message has been played. A fax machine with paper at the bottom, as
opposed to the top, would show that the fax had been viewed.
Finally, an open envelope indicates that a text message has been
read.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1" href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism</span>
As the choice of icon is determined by the primary message type, the
client should obtain this information from the "Message-Context "
message header. This header is defined in [<a href="#ref-2" title=""Message Context for Internet Mail"">2</a>].
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. Sender's Number Column</span>
As is the case with most email GUI clients today, important message
information is organized into columns when presented to the user in a
the summary message list. TUIs often present even briefer summaries
to the user at the beginning of the session. Typical columns in the
GUI client include the message subject, and the date the message was
received.
Another important piece of information for the user is the origin of
the message. For a voice or fax message, the origin is typically a
telephone or fax machine respectively, each of which has an
associated telephone number. This telephone number is critical to
the user if they wish to return the call. This should be presented
accurately to the user (without making it an email address).
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 3]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-4" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.1" href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism</span>
Instead of forcing the telephone number into an email address, a new
Internet message header can be used to hold the originating telephone
number [<a href="#ref-3" title=""Calling Line Identification for Voice Mail Messages"">3</a>]. If the message is indicated as being a voice or fax
message per [<a href="#ref-2" title=""Message Context for Internet Mail"">2</a>], the client should extract the number, and display it
to the user in a separate column. As this header is defined to only
hold the digits of the telephone number, it is left to the client to
add any separating characters (e.g., "-").
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. Message Size</span>
In the cases of large attachments, small clients (e.g., PDA) and slow
links (e.g., wireless) there is also a need for the client to see the
length of the message in a suitable format before opening it.
Currently, message size is normally given in kilobytes (kB). This
is sufficient for plain text messages, but while it may give a hint
as to how good the compression algorithm is, kB is not very useful in
knowing the size of a voice and/or fax message. Instead, the size
should give an indication of the length of the message, i.e., the
duration (in seconds) of a voice message, and the number of pages of
a fax. Again, the message may contain multiple types, so the size
displayed should be that of the primary content type, per [<a href="#ref-2" title=""Message Context for Internet Mail"">2</a>].
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1" href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>. Proposed Mechanisms</span>
There are three suggested methods to relay this information, of them,
the first method is favored:
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1.1" href="#section-5.1.1">5.1.1</a>. MIME Header Content-Duration as described in <a href="./rfc2424">RFC 2424</a> [<a href="#ref-5" title=""Content Duration MIME Header Definition"">5</a>]</span>
For voice messages, the Content-Duration field of the main audio/*
body part (as indicated by content-disposition per [<a href="#ref-1" title=""Voice Profile for Internet Mail - version 2 (VPIMv2)"">1</a>]) should be
displayed as the length of the message. If there are several audio
parts, an implementation may display the message size as an aggregate
of the length of each.
For fax messages a new MIME Header, Content-Page-Length, could be
defined, similar to Content-Duration with the exception that number
of pages would be specified, rather than number of seconds. (e.g.,
Content-Page-Length:3). This would be created at origination.
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 4]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-5" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1.2" href="#section-5.1.2">5.1.2</a>. Message length indicated as a parameter of an Existing</span>
<a href="./rfc2045">RFC 2045</a> [<a href="#ref-7" title=""Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies"">7</a>] Content-Type Header Field
This would be created at the source. This proposed method would
allow the message length to be passed to the client by default in
IMAP. Again the client would have to choose between the main voice
message length or an aggregate message length for display.
Content-Type Header Field example:
Content-Type=audio/*; length=50
Content-Type=image/tiff; pages=3
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1.3" href="#section-5.1.3">5.1.3</a>. Message length indicated as part of an existing <a href="./rfc2822">RFC 2822</a> [<a href="#ref-9" title=""Internet Message Format"">9</a>]</span>
<span class="h4"> Header Field</span>
This field would be created at the source and may include message
length information, but because it is part of the message headers, it
could also be amended on reception (by a local process). This method
would allow the message length to be passed to any client by default
and not require any client modification. If used, this field would
indicate the aggregate length of all attachments.
The advantage of this mechanism is that no new headers are required
and it works with existing clients. The downside is that it
overloads the subject field.
Subject Header Field example:
Subject=Voice Message (0:04)
Subject=Fax Message (3p)
Subject=Voice Message (0:14) with Fax (1p)
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Media Viewer</span>
When a message is initially opened, the client should, by default,
open the proper media viewer to display the primary message content.
That is, an audio player for voice messages, an image viewer for fax,
and a text editor for text messages. Note that on a TUI, the viewer
would render the media to sound (which would have varying effect
depending on the media and available process).
Where there is more than one body part, obviously the appropriate
viewer should be used depending on which body part the user has
selected.
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 5]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-6" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
In the case where several viewers are available for a single media
type, the user should be prompted to select the desired viewer on the
first occasion that the message type is encountered. That viewer
should then become the default viewer for that media type. The user
should have the ability to change the default viewer for a media type
at any time.
Note that it is possible that the media viewer may not be part of the
client or local to the host of the client. For example, a user could
select to play a voice message from a GUI and the message is played
over a telephone (perhaps because the user has no desktop speakers).
Additionally, a user listening to a unified messaging inbox over a
TUI could chose to print a particular message to a nearby fax
machine.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.1" href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism</span>
As mentioned, the default viewer displayed to the user should be the
appropriate one for the primary message type. The client is able to
determine the primary message type from the "Message-Context" message
header per [<a href="#ref-2" title=""Message Context for Internet Mail"">2</a>].
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. Mark Message as Read</span>
Obviously, the user must be able to know which messages they have
read, and which are unread. This feature would also control the
message icon or earcon as mentioned in <a href="#section-1">section 1</a>.
With the proliferation of voice and fax messages, clients should only
indicate that these messages are read when the primary body part has
been read. For example, a voice message should not be indicated as
read until the audio part has been played. The default is currently
to mark a message read, when the first body part (typically text) is
viewed.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.1" href="#section-7.1">7.1</a>. Proposed Mechanism</span>
Implementation of this feature on most clients is a local issue.
For example, in the case of IMAP4 [<a href="#ref-6" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">6</a>], these clients should only set
the \SEEN flag after the first attachment of the primary content type
has been opened. That is, if the message context is voice message,
the \SEEN flag would be set after the primary voice message
(indicated by content-disposition [<a href="#ref-1" title=""Voice Profile for Internet Mail - version 2 (VPIMv2)"">1</a>] or content-criticality [<a href="#ref-8" title=""Critical Content Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Parameter"">8</a>]) is
opened.
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 6]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-7" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. Security Considerations</span>
The desirable client behaviours described here are intended to
provide the user with a better client experience. However,
supporting the proposed behaviours described in this document does
not make a client immune from the risks of being a mail client. That
is, the client is not responsible for the format of the message
received, it only interprets. As a result, messages could be spoofed
or masqueraded to look like a message they are not to elicit a
desired client behaviour. This could be used to fool the end user,
for example, into thinking a message was a voice message (because of
the icon) when it was not.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. Informative References</span>
[<a id="ref-1">1</a>] Vaudreuil, G. and G. Parsons, "Voice Profile for Internet Mail -
version 2 (VPIMv2)", <a href="./rfc3801">RFC 3801</a>, June 2004.
[<a id="ref-2">2</a>] Burger, E., Candell, E., Eliot, C., and G. Klyne, "Message
Context for Internet Mail", <a href="./rfc3458">RFC 3458</a>, January 2003.
[<a id="ref-3">3</a>] Parsons, G. and J. Maruszak, "Calling Line Identification for
Voice Mail Messages", <a href="./rfc3939">RFC 3939</a>, December 2004.
[<a id="ref-4">4</a>] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>, March 1997.
[<a id="ref-5">5</a>] Vaudreuil, G. and G. Parsons, "Content Duration MIME Header
Definition", <a href="./rfc3803">RFC 3803</a>, June 2004.
[<a id="ref-6">6</a>] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1",
<a href="./rfc3501">RFC 3501</a>, March 2003.
[<a id="ref-7">7</a>] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies",
<a href="./rfc2045">RFC 2045</a>, November 1996.
[<a id="ref-8">8</a>] Burger, E., "Critical Content Multi-purpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Parameter", <a href="./rfc3459">RFC 3459</a>, January 2003.
[<a id="ref-9">9</a>] Resnick, P., "Internet Message Format", <a href="./rfc2822">RFC 2822</a>, April 2001.
[<a id="ref-10">10</a>] Parsons, G., <a style="text-decoration: none" href='https://www.google.com/search?sitesearch=datatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2F&q=inurl:draft-+%22IMAP+Voice+Extensions%22'>"IMAP Voice Extensions"</a>, Work in Progress, June
1999.
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 7]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-8" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-10" href="#section-10">10</a>. Acknowledgments</span>
This work was inspired by the discussion of "Proposed Mechanisms" for
IMAP that were detailed in a since expired work in progress entitled
"IMAP Voice Extensions" [<a href="#ref-10" title=""IMAP Voice Extensions"">10</a>]. The authors would like to acknowledge
all those who contributed to that document. In addition, Cheryl
Kinden, Derrick Dunne, and Jason Collins assisted in the editing of
previous revisions of this document.
Author's Addresses
Glenn Parsons
Nortel Networks
P.O. Box 3511, Station C
Ottawa, ON K1Y 4H7
Canada
Phone: +1-613-763-7582
Fax: +1-613-967-5060
EMail: gparsons@nortel.com
Janusz Maruszak
Phone: +1-416-885-0221
EMail: jjmaruszak@sympatico.ca
<span class="grey">Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 8]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-9" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4024">RFC 4024</a> Voice Messaging Client Behaviour July 2005</span>
Full Copyright Statement
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Parsons & Maruszak Informational [Page 9]
</pre>
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