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<pre>Network Working Group R. Siemborski
Request for Comments: 4959 Google, Inc.
Category: Standards Track A. Gulbrandsen
Oryx Mail Systems GmbH
September 2007
<span class="h1">IMAP Extension for Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)</span>
<span class="h1">Initial Client Response</span>
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
To date, the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) has used a
Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) profile which always
required at least one complete round trip for an authentication, as
it did not support an initial client response argument. This
additional round trip at the beginning of the session is undesirable,
especially when round-trip costs are high.
This document defines an extension to IMAP which allows clients and
servers to avoid this round trip by allowing an initial client
response argument to the IMAP AUTHENTICATE command.
<span class="grey">Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 1]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-2" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4959">RFC 4959</a> IMAP Ext for SASL Initial Client Response September 2007</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>
The SASL initial client response extension is present in any IMAP
[<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>] server implementation which returns "SASL-IR" as one of the
supported capabilities in its CAPABILITY response.
Servers which support this extension will accept an optional initial
client response with the AUTHENTICATE command for any SASL [<a href="./rfc4422" title=""Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)"">RFC4422</a>]
mechanisms which support it.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. Conventions Used in This Document</span>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [<a href="./rfc2119" title=""Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels"">RFC2119</a>].
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server, respectively.
Formal syntax is defined by [<a href="./rfc4234" title=""Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF"">RFC4234</a>] as extended by [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>].
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. IMAP Changes to the IMAP AUTHENTICATE Command</span>
This extension adds an optional second argument to the AUTHENTICATE
command that is defined in <a href="./rfc3501#section-6.2.2">Section 6.2.2 of [RFC3501]</a>. If this
second argument is present, it represents the contents of the
"initial client response" defined in <a href="./rfc4422#section-5.1">Section 5.1 of [RFC4422]</a>.
As with any other client response, this initial client response MUST
be encoded as defined in <a href="./rfc4648#section-4">Section 4 of [RFC4648]</a>. It also MUST be
transmitted outside of a quoted string or literal. To send a zero-
length initial response, the client MUST send a single pad character
("="). This indicates that the response is present, but is a zero-
length string.
When decoding the BASE64 [<a href="./rfc4648" title=""The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings"">RFC4648</a>] data in the initial client
response, decoding errors MUST be treated as IMAP [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>] would
handle them in any normal SASL client response. In particular, the
server should check for any characters not explicitly allowed by the
BASE64 alphabet, as well as any sequence of BASE64 characters that
contains the pad character ('=') anywhere other than the end of the
string (e.g., "=AAA" and "AAA=BBB" are not allowed).
If the client uses an initial response with a SASL mechanism that
does not support an initial response, the server MUST reject the
command with a tagged BAD response.
<span class="grey">Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 2]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-3" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4959">RFC 4959</a> IMAP Ext for SASL Initial Client Response September 2007</span>
Note: support and use of the initial client response is optional for
both clients and servers. Servers that implement this extension MUST
support clients that omit the initial client response, and clients
that implement this extension MUST NOT send an initial client
response to servers that do not advertise the SASL-IR capability. In
such a situation, clients MUST fall back to an IMAP [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>]
compatible mode.
If either the client or the server do not support the SASL-IR
capability, a mechanism which uses an initial client response is
negotiated using the challenge/response exchange described in
[<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>], with an initial zero-length server challenge.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. Examples</span>
The following is an example authentication using the PLAIN (see
[<a href="./rfc4616" title=""The PLAIN Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Mechanism"">RFC4616</a>]) SASL mechanism (under a TLS protection layer, see
[<a href="./rfc4346" title=""The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1"">RFC4346</a>]) and an initial client response:
... client connects to server and negotiates a TLS
protection layer ...
C: C01 CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 SASL-IR AUTH=PLAIN
S: C01 OK Completed
C: A01 AUTHENTICATE PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3Q=
S: A01 OK Success (tls protection)
Note that even when a server supports this extension, the following
negotiation (which does not use the initial response) is still valid
and MUST be supported by the server:
... client connects to server and negotiates a TLS
protection layer ...
C: C01 CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 SASL-IR AUTH=PLAIN
S: C01 OK Completed
C: A01 AUTHENTICATE PLAIN
(note that there is a space following the "+" in the
following line)
S: +
C: dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3Q=
S: A01 OK Success (tls protection)
The following is an example authentication using the SASL EXTERNAL
mechanism (defined in [<a href="./rfc4422" title=""Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)"">RFC4422</a>]) under a TLS protection layer (see
[<a href="./rfc4346" title=""The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1"">RFC4346</a>]) and an empty initial client response:
<span class="grey">Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 3]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-4" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4959">RFC 4959</a> IMAP Ext for SASL Initial Client Response September 2007</span>
... client connects to server and negotiates a TLS
protection layer ...
C: C01 CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 SASL-IR AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=EXTERNAL
S: C01 OK Completed
C: A01 AUTHENTICATE EXTERNAL =
S: A01 OK Success (tls protection)
This is in contrast with the handling of such a situation when an
initial response is omitted:
... client connects to server and negotiates a TLS protection
layer ...
C: C01 CAPABILITY
S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 SASL-IR AUTH=PLAIN AUTH=EXTERNAL
S: C01 OK Completed
C: A01 AUTHENTICATE EXTERNAL
(note that there is a space following the "+" in the
following line)
S: +
C:
S: A01 OK Success (tls protection)
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. IANA Considerations</span>
The IANA has added SASL-IR to the IMAP4 Capabilities Registry.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Security Considerations</span>
The extension defined in this document is subject to many of the
Security Considerations defined in [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>] and [<a href="./rfc4422" title=""Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)"">RFC4422</a>].
Server implementations MUST treat the omission of an initial client
response from the AUTHENTICATE command as defined by [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>] (as if
this extension did not exist).
Although [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>] has no express line length limitations, some
implementations choose to enforce them anyway. Such implementations
MUST be aware that the addition of the initial response parameter to
AUTHENTICATE may increase the maximum line length that IMAP parsers
may expect to support. Server implementations MUST be able to
receive the largest possible initial client response that their
supported mechanisms might receive.
<span class="grey">Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 4]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-5" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4959">RFC 4959</a> IMAP Ext for SASL Initial Client Response September 2007</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. Formal Syntax</span>
The following syntax specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur
Form [<a href="./rfc4234" title=""Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF"">RFC4234</a>] notation. [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>] defines the non-terminals
capability, auth-type, and base64.
capability =/ "SASL-IR"
authenticate = "AUTHENTICATE" SP auth-type [SP (base64 / "=")]
*(CRLF base64)
;;redefine AUTHENTICATE from [<a href="./rfc3501" title=""INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1"">RFC3501</a>]
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. Acknowledgments</span>
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Ken
Murchison and Mark Crispin, along with the rest of the IMAPEXT
Working Group for their assistance in reviewing this document.
Alexey Melnikov and Cyrus Daboo also had some early discussions about
this extension.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. References</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.1" href="#section-9.1">9.1</a>. Normative References</span>
[<a id="ref-RFC2119">RFC2119</a>] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>, March 1997.
[<a id="ref-RFC3501">RFC3501</a>] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION
4rev1", <a href="./rfc3501">RFC 3501</a>, March 2003.
[<a id="ref-RFC4234">RFC4234</a>] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", <a href="./rfc4234">RFC 4234</a>, October 2005.
[<a id="ref-RFC4422">RFC4422</a>] Melnikov, A. and K. Zeilenga, "Simple Authentication and
Security Layer (SASL)", <a href="./rfc4422">RFC 4422</a>, June 2006.
[<a id="ref-RFC4648">RFC4648</a>] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
Encodings", <a href="./rfc4648">RFC 4648</a>, October 2006.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.2" href="#section-9.2">9.2</a>. Informative References</span>
[<a id="ref-RFC4616">RFC4616</a>] Zeilenga, K., "The PLAIN Simple Authentication and
Security Layer (SASL) Mechanism", <a href="./rfc4616">RFC 4616</a>, August 2006.
[<a id="ref-RFC4346">RFC4346</a>] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", <a href="./rfc4346">RFC 4346</a>, April 2006.
<span class="grey">Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 5]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-6" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4959">RFC 4959</a> IMAP Ext for SASL Initial Client Response September 2007</span>
Authors' Addresses
Robert Siemborski
Google, Inc.
1600 Ampitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: +1 650 623 6925
EMail: robsiemb@google.com
Arnt Gulbrandsen
Oryx Mail Systems GmbH
Schweppermannstr. 8
D-81671 Muenchen
Germany
EMail: arnt@oryx.com
<span class="grey">Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 6]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-7" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc4959">RFC 4959</a> IMAP Ext for SASL Initial Client Response September 2007</span>
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp78">BCP 78</a>, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
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The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
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Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
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this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
Siemborski & Gulbrandsen Standards Track [Page 7]
</pre>
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