1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
|
<pre>Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Gundavelli, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6757 Cisco
Category: Standards Track J. Korhonen, Ed.
ISSN: 2070-1721 Nokia Siemens Networks
M. Grayson
K. Leung
R. Pazhyannur
Cisco
October 2012
<span class="h1">Access Network Identifier (ANI) Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6</span>
Abstract
The local mobility anchor in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) domain is
able to provide access-network- and access-operator-specific handling
or policing of the mobile node traffic using information about the
access network to which the mobile node is attached. This
specification defines a mechanism and a related mobility option for
carrying the access network identifier and the access operator
identification information from the mobile access gateway to the
local mobility anchor over Proxy Mobile IPv6.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in <a href="./rfc5741#section-2">Section 2 of RFC 5741</a>.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
<a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6757">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6757</a>.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp78">BCP 78</a> and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(<a href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-2" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
<a href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction ....................................................<a href="#page-3">3</a>
<a href="#section-2">2</a>. Conventions and Terminology .....................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-2.1">2.1</a>. Conventions ................................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-2.2">2.2</a>. Terminology ................................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-3">3</a>. Access Network Identifier Option ................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>. Format of the Access Network Identifier Sub-Option .........<a href="#page-6">6</a>
<a href="#section-3.1.1">3.1.1</a>. Network-Identifier Sub-Option .......................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
<a href="#section-3.1.2">3.1.2</a>. Geo-Location Sub-Option .............................<a href="#page-8">8</a>
<a href="#section-3.1.3">3.1.3</a>. Operator-Identifier Sub-Option ......................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
<a href="#section-4">4</a>. Protocol Considerations ........................................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
<a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations ......................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
<a href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations ......................<a href="#page-13">13</a>
<a href="#section-5">5</a>. IANA Considerations ............................................<a href="#page-14">14</a>
<a href="#section-6">6</a>. Protocol Configuration Variables ...............................<a href="#page-15">15</a>
<a href="#section-7">7</a>. Security Considerations ........................................<a href="#page-16">16</a>
<a href="#section-8">8</a>. Acknowledgements ...............................................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
<a href="#section-9">9</a>. References .....................................................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
<a href="#section-9.1">9.1</a>. Normative References ......................................<a href="#page-17">17</a>
<a href="#section-9.2">9.2</a>. Informative References ....................................<a href="#page-18">18</a>
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-3" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>
Proxy Mobile IPv6 [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] can be used for supporting network-based
mobility management in various types of network deployments. Network
architectures such as service provider Wi-Fi access aggregation or
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) integrated with mobile packet core
are examples where Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a component of the overall
architecture. Some of these architectures require the ability of the
local mobility anchor (LMA) [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] to provide differentiated
services and policing of traffic to the mobile nodes based on the
access network to which they are attached. Policy systems in
mobility architectures such as the Policy and Charging Control (PCC)
Framework [<a href="#ref-TS23203" title=""Policy and Charging Control Architecture"">TS23203</a>] and the Access Network Discovery and Selection
Function (ANDSF) [<a href="#ref-TS23402" title=""Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses"">TS23402</a>] in Third Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) systems allow configuration of policy rules with conditions
based on the access network information. For example, the service
treatment for the mobile node's traffic may be different when it is
attached to an access network owned by the home operator than when
owned by a roaming partner. The service treatment can also be
different based on the configured Service Set Identifiers (SSIDs) in
the case of access networks based on IEEE 802.11. Other examples of
location services include the operator's ability to display a
location-specific web page or apply tariff based on the location.
The Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] requires the Access
Technology Type (ATT) option to be carried from the mobile access
gateway (MAG) to the local mobility anchor. This is a mandatory
option. However, the Access Technology Type alone is not necessarily
sufficient for a suitable policy to be applied at the local mobility
anchor. Therefore, there is a need for additional access-network-
related information to be available at the local mobility anchor.
Learning the identity of the access network operator may not be
possible for a local mobility anchor without the support of an
additional policy framework that is able to provide required
information out of band to the local mobility anchor. Such a policy
framework may not be required for all Proxy Mobile IPv6 deployments;
hence, an alternative approach for optionally carrying such
information is required to ensure that additional information related
to the access network is available.
This document defines a new mobility option, the Access Network
Identifier (ANI) option, and its sub-options for Proxy Mobile IPv6,
which can be used by the mobile access gateway to signal the access
network information to the local mobility anchor. The specific
details on how the local mobility anchor uses the information
contained in the Access Network Identifier option are out of scope
for this document. This information is intended for use between
infrastructure nodes providing mobile management service and is not
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-4" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
exposed to outside entities, which ensures the location of the
network to which the mobile node is attached, or any other access-
network-specific information, is not revealed to other mobile nodes
within the PMIPv6 domain or to other nodes outside the PMIPv6 domain.
However, the location and access information MAY be exposed to
specific parties outside the PMIPv6 domain based on an agreement
approved by the subscriber; otherwise, this information MUST NOT be
exposed in the absence of such agreements. If the location
information is to be exposed outside the PMIPv6 domain, then that
MUST be done using a Presence Information Data Format Location Object
(PIDF-LO) [<a href="./rfc5139" title=""Revised Civic Location Format for Presence Information Data Format Location Object (PIDF-LO)"">RFC5139</a>] carrying the usage rules to which the subscriber
has agreed. This mobility option is optional and is not mandatory
for the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol. However, the Access Technology
Type option continues to be a mandatory option and always needs to be
carried in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling messages.
SSID: IETF-1
Geo-Location: 37o49'11"N 122o28'43"W
Operator-Identifier: provider1.example.com
+--+
|AP|-------. {Access-Specific Policies)
+--+ | _-----_ |
+-----+ _( )_ +-----+
| MAG |-=====( PMIPv6 )======-| LMA |-
+-----+ (_ Tunnel_) +-----+
+--+ | '-----'
|AP|-------'
+--+
SSID: IETF-2
Geo-Location: 59o19'40.21"N 18o 3'18.36"E
Operator-Identifier: provider2.example.com
Figure 1: Access Networks Attached to MAG
Figure 1 illustrates an example Proxy Mobile IPv6 deployment where
the mobile access gateway delivers the information elements related
to the access network to the local mobility anchor over Proxy Mobile
IPv6 signaling messages. In this example, the additional information
could comprise the SSID of the used IEEE 802.11 network, the geo-
location of the network to which the mobile node is attached, and the
identities of the operators running the IEEE 802.11 access network
infrastructure.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-5" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. Conventions and Terminology</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.1" href="#section-2.1">2.1</a>. Conventions</span>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a> [<a href="./rfc2119" title=""Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels"">RFC2119</a>].
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-2.2" href="#section-2.2">2.2</a>. Terminology</span>
All the mobility-related terms used in this document are to be
interpreted as defined in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 specifications
[<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] and [<a href="./rfc5844" title=""IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5844</a>]. Additionally, this document uses the
following abbreviations:
Service Set Identifier
Service Set Identifier (SSID) identifies the name of the IEEE
802.11 network. SSID differentiates one network from the other.
Operator-Identifier
The Operator-Identifier is the Structure of Management Information
(SMI) Network Management Private Enterprise Code of the IANA-
maintained "Private Enterprise Numbers" registry [<a href="#ref-SMI" title=""PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS"">SMI</a>]. It
identifies the operator running the network attached to a specific
interface of the mobile access gateway.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. Access Network Identifier Option</span>
The Access Network Identifier option is a mobility header option used
to exchange information related to the access network between a local
mobility anchor and a mobile access gateway. The option can be
included in both Proxy Binding Update (PBU) and Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement (PBA) messages, and there MUST NOT be more than a
single instance of this mobility option in a mobility message. The
Access Network Identifier mobility option MUST contain one or more
Access Network Identifier sub-options. The Access Network Identifier
sub-option is described in <a href="#section-3.1">Section 3.1</a>.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-6" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
The alignment requirement for this option is 4n [<a href="./rfc2460" title=""Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification"">RFC2460</a>].
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
... ANI Sub-option(s) ... ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: Access Network Identifier Option
Type: MUST be set to the value of 52, indicating that it is a
Network-Identifier option.
Length: 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length in octets of
the option, excluding the Type and Length fields.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1" href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>. Format of the Access Network Identifier Sub-Option</span>
The Access Network Identifier sub-options are used for carrying
information elements related to the access network to which the
mobile node is attached. These sub-options can be included in the
Access Network Identifier option defined in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. The format of
this sub-option is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ANI Type | ANI Length | Option Data ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 3: Access Network Identifier Sub-Option
ANI Type: 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the type of the Access
Network Identifier sub-option. This specification defines the
following types:
0 - Reserved
1 - Network-Identifier sub-option
2 - Geo-Location sub-option
3 - Operator-Identifier sub-option
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-7" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
ANI Length: 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the number of octets
needed to encode the Option Data, excluding the ANI Type and ANI
Length fields of the sub-option.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.1" href="#section-3.1.1">3.1.1</a>. Network-Identifier Sub-Option</span>
The Network-Identifier is a mobility sub-option carried in the Access
Network Identifier option defined in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. This sub-option
carries the name of the access network (e.g., an SSID in the case of
an IEEE 802.11 Access Network or a Public Land-based Mobile Network
(PLMN) Identifier [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] in the case of 3GPP access) to which the
mobile node is attached. There MUST be no more than a single
instance of this specific sub-option in any Access Network Identifier
option. The format of this option is defined below.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ANI Type=1 | ANI Length |E| Reserved | Net-Name Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Network Name (e.g., SSID or PLMNID) ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| AP-Name Len | Access-Point Name ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4: Network-Identifier Sub-Option
ANI Type: MUST be set to the value of (1), indicating that it is a
Network-Identifier sub-option
ANI Length: Total length of this sub-option in octets, excluding the
ANI Type and ANI Length fields. The value can be in the range of
5 to 32 octets.
E: 1-bit flag indicating whether the Network Name is encoded in
UTF-8. If this flag is set to one (1), then the Network Name is
encoded using UTF-8 [<a href="./rfc3629" title=""UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646"">RFC3629</a>]. If the flag is set to zero (0),
this indicates that the encoding is undefined and is determined by
out-of-band mechanisms. Implementations SHOULD use UTF-8
encoding.
Reserved: MUST be set to zero when sending and ignored when
received.
Net-Name Length: 8-bit field for representing the length of the
Network Name in octets. This field MUST NOT be set to zero.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-8" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
Network Name: The name of the access network to which the mobile
node is attached. The type of the Network Name is dependent on
the access technology to which the mobile node is attached. If it
is 802.11 access, the Network Name MUST be the SSID of the
network. If the access network is 3GPP access, the Network Name
is the PLMN Identifier of the network. If the access network is
3GPP2 access, the Network Name is the Access Network Identifier
[<a href="#ref-ANI" title=""Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session Control in the Access Network"">ANI</a>].
When encoding the PLMN Identifier, both the Mobile Network Code
(MNC) [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] and Mobile Country Code (MCC) [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] MUST be 3
digits. If the MNC in use only has 2 digits, then it MUST be
preceded with a '0'. Encoding MUST be UTF-8.
AP-Name Len: 8-bit field for representing the length of the Access-
Point Name in octets. If the Access-Point Name is not included,
then this length MUST be set to a value of zero.
Access-Point Name: The name of the access point (physical device
name) to which the mobile node is attached. This is the
identifier that uniquely identifies the access point. While
Network Name (e.g., SSID) identifies the operator's access
network, Access-Point Name identifies a specific network device in
the network to which the mobile node is attached. In some
deployments, the Access-Point Name can be set to the Media Access
Control (MAC) address of the device or some unique identifier that
can be used by the policy systems in the operator network to
unambiguously identify the device. The string is carried in UTF-8
representation.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.2" href="#section-3.1.2">3.1.2</a>. Geo-Location Sub-Option</span>
The Geo-Location is a mobility sub-option carried in the Access
Network Identifier option defined in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. This sub-option
carries the geo-location of the network to which the mobile node is
attached, as known to the mobile access gateway. There MUST be no
more than a single instance of this specific sub-option in any Access
Network Identifier option. The format of this option is defined
below and encodes the coordinates of an ellipsoid point. The format
is based on the coordinate reference system specified in the World
Geodetic System 1984 [<a href="#ref-WGS84" title=""World Geodetic System 1984"">WGS84</a>].
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-9" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ANI Type=2 | ANI Length=6 | Latitude Degrees
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Longitude Degrees |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 5: Geo-Location ANI Sub-Option
ANI Type: MUST be set to the value of (2), indicating that it is the
Geo-Location sub-option
ANI Length: Total length of this sub-option in octets, excluding the
ANI Type and ANI Length fields. It MUST be set to a value of (6).
Latitude Degrees: A 24-bit latitude degree value encoded as a two's
complement, fixed point number with 9 whole bits. Positive
degrees correspond to the Northern Hemisphere and negative degrees
correspond to the Southern Hemisphere. The value ranges from -90
to +90 degrees.
Longitude Degrees: A 24-bit longitude degree value encoded as a
two's complement, fixed point number with 9 whole bits. The value
ranges from -180 to +180 degrees.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1.3" href="#section-3.1.3">3.1.3</a>. Operator-Identifier Sub-Option</span>
The Operator-Identifier is a mobility sub-option carried in the
Access Network Identifier option defined in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. This sub-
option carries the Operator-Identifier of the access network to which
the mobile node is attached. There MUST be no more than a single
instance of this specific sub-option in any Access Network Identifier
option. The format of this option is defined below.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ANI Type=3 | ANI Length | Op-ID Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Operator-Identifier ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 6: Operator-Identifier Sub-Option
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-10" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
ANI Type: It MUST be set to the value of (3), indicating that it is
the Operator-Identifier sub-option
ANI Length: Total length of this sub-option in octets, excluding the
ANI Type and ANI Length fields.
Operator-Identifier (Op-ID) Type: 8-bit unsigned integer indicating
the type of the Operator-Identifier. Currently, the following
types are defined:
0 - Reserved.
1 - Operator-Identifier as a variable-length Private Enterprise
Number (PEN) [<a href="#ref-SMI" title=""PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS"">SMI</a>] encoded in a network-byte order. The
maximum PEN value depends on the ANI Length and is calculated
using the formula: maximum PEN = 2^((ANI_length-1)*8)-1. For
example, the ANI Length of 4 allows for encoding PENs from 0
to 2^24-1, i.e., from 0 to 16777215, and uses 3 octets of
Operator-Identifier space.
2 - Realm of the operator. Realm names are required to be unique
and are piggybacked on the administration of the DNS
namespace. Realms meet the syntactic requirements of the
"Preferred Name Syntax" defined in <a href="./rfc1035#section-2.3.1">Section 2.3.1 of
[RFC1035]</a>. They are encoded as US-ASCII. 3GPP specifications
also define realm names that can be used to convey PLMN
Identifiers [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>].
Operator-Identifier: Up to 253 octets of the Operator-Identifier.
The encoding of the identifier depends on the used Operator-
Identifier Type. For Operator-Identifiers defined in this
specification, the Operator-Identifier MUST NOT be empty.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. Protocol Considerations</span>
The following considerations apply to the local mobility anchor and
the mobile access gateway.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.1" href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations</span>
o The conceptual Binding Update List entry data structure maintained
by the mobile access gateway, described in <a href="./rfc5213#section-6.1">Section 6.1 of
[RFC5213]</a>, MUST be extended to store the access-network-related
information elements associated with the current session.
Specifically, the following parameters MUST be defined:
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-11" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
Network-Identifier
Operator-Identifier
Geo-Location
o If the mobile access gateway is configured to support the Access
Network Information option, it SHOULD include this option with the
specific sub-options in all Proxy Binding Update messages
(including Proxy Binding Updates for lifetime extension and for
deregistration) that it sends to the local mobility anchor. The
Access Network Information option MUST be constructed as specified
in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. It SHOULD include the ANI sub-option(s) that the
mobile access gateway is configured to carry in the Proxy Mobile
IPv6 messages.
o The access network information elements, such as Network-
Identifier, Geo-Location, and Operator-Identifier, typically are
statically configured on the mobile access gateway on a per-
interface basis (for example, access point (AP-1) is attached
through interface-1, and the SSID is X, Geo-Location is Y). In
some deployments, this information can also be dynamically
obtained, such as through DHCP Option (82), which is the DHCP
Relay Agent Information option [<a href="./rfc3046" title=""DHCP Relay Agent Information Option"">RFC3046</a>]. When the mobile node
sends a DHCP Request, the access points typically add the SSID
information to the Option 82 of the DHCP request, and when the
mobile access gateway receives this request, it can parse the
Option 82 of the DHCP request and obtain the SSID name. The
mobility access gateway can also obtain this information from the
DHCPv6 GeoLoc Option [<a href="./rfc6225" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Options for Coordinate-Based Location Configuration Information"">RFC6225</a>]. The specific details on how the
mobile access gateway obtains these information elements are
access technology and deployment specific and are outside the
scope of this document. It is possible those information elements
are configured on the MAG on a per-interface basis or dynamically
obtained through some out-of-band means, such as based on the
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP)
protocol.
o If the protocol configuration variable
EnableANISubOptNetworkIdentifier (<a href="#section-6">Section 6</a>) is set to a value of
(1), the mobile access gateway SHOULD include the Network-
Identifier sub-option in the Access Network Identifier option
carried in the Proxy Binding Update. However, if the mobile
access gateway is unable to obtain the Network-Identifier, then it
MUST NOT include this sub-option. For including the Network-
Identifier sub-option, the mobile access gateway needs to be aware
of the Network Name of the access network (e.g., SSID in the case
of a WLAN access network) to which the mobile node is attached.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-12" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
This sub-option also includes the Access-Point Name for carrying
the name of the access point to which the mobile node is attached.
The Access-Point Name is specially important for applying location
services, given that the Network Name (e.g., SSID) may not provide
the needed uniqueness for identifying a location. When included,
this sub-option MUST be constructed as described in <a href="#section-3.1.1">Section 3.1.1</a>
o If the protocol configuration variable EnableANISubOptGeoLocation
(<a href="#section-6">Section 6</a>) is set to a value of (1), the mobile access gateway
SHOULD include the Geo-Location sub-option in the Access Network
Identifier option carried in the Proxy Binding Update. However,
if the mobile access gateway is unable to obtain the Geo-location,
then it MUST NOT include this sub-option. For including the Geo-
Location sub-option, the mobile access gateway needs to be aware
of the GPS coordinates of the network to which the mobile node is
attached. When included, this sub-option MUST be constructed as
described in <a href="#section-3.1.2">Section 3.1.2</a>.
o If the protocol configuration variable
EnableANISubOptOperatorIdentifier (<a href="#section-6">Section 6</a>) is set to a value of
(1), the mobile access gateway SHOULD include the Operator-
Identifier sub-option in the Access Network Identifier option
carried in the Proxy Binding Update. For including the Operator-
Identifier sub-option, the mobile access gateway needs to be aware
of the operator identity of that access network. The access
network operator SHOULD obtain an identifier from the "Private
Enterprise Number" registry, in order for the mobile access
gateway to carry the Operator-Identifier. If a given access
network operator has not obtained an identifier from the "Private
Enterprise Number" registry or if the mobile access gateway is
unable to learn the operator identity for any other administrative
reasons, then it MUST NOT include this sub-option. When included,
this sub-option MUST be constructed as described in <a href="#section-3.1.3">Section 3.1.3</a>.
If the mobile access gateway had any of the Access Network
Information mobility options included the Proxy Binding Update sent
to a local mobility anchor, then the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
received from the local mobility anchor SHOULD contain the Access
Network Information mobility option with the specific sub-options.
If the mobile access gateway receives a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
with a successful Status Value but without an Access Network
Information mobility option, then the mobile access gateway SHOULD
log the event and, based on its local policy, MAY proceed to
terminate the mobility session. In this case, the mobile access
gateway knows the local mobility anchor does not understand the
Access Network Information mobility option and therefore MAY consider
it as a misconfiguration of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 12]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-13" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2" href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations</span>
o The conceptual Binding Cache entry data structure maintained by
the local mobility anchor, described in <a href="./rfc5213#section-5.1">Section 5.1 of [RFC5213]</a>,
MUST be extended to store the access-network-related information
elements associated with the current session. Specifically, the
following parameters MUST be defined:
Network-Identifier
Geo-Location
Operator-Identifier
o On receiving a Proxy Binding Update message [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] from a
mobile access gateway with the Access Network Information option,
the local mobility anchor must process the option and update the
corresponding fields in the Binding Cache entry. If the option is
not understood by that LMA implementation, it will skip the
option.
o If the local mobility anchor understands the Access Network
Identifier mobility option received in a Proxy Binding Update and
also supports the sub-option(s), then the local mobility anchor
MUST echo the Access Network Identifier mobility option with the
specific sub-option(s) that it accepted back to the mobile access
gateway in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement. The Access Network
Identifier sub-options defined in this specification MUST NOT be
altered by the local mobility anchor.
o If the received Proxy Binding Update message does not include the
Access Network Information option, then the mobility session
associated with that Proxy Binding Update MUST be updated to
remove any access network information elements.
o The local mobility anchor MAY choose to use the Access Network
Information sub-options for applying any access-operator-specific
handling or policing of the mobile node traffic. The specific
details on how these sub-options are used is outside the scope of
this document.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-14" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. IANA Considerations</span>
Per this document, the following IANA actions have been completed.
o Action 1: This specification defines a new mobility header option,
the Access Network Identifier. This mobility option is described
in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. The type value (52) for this option has been
assigned from the same numbering space as allocated for the other
mobility options, as defined in [<a href="./rfc6275" title=""Mobility Support in IPv6"">RFC6275</a>].
o Action 2: This specification defines a new mobility sub-option
format, the Access Network Information (ANI) sub-option. The
format of this mobility sub-option is described in <a href="#section-3.1">Section 3.1</a>.
This sub-option can be carried in the Access Network Information
option. The type value for this sub-option is managed by IANA,
under the registry "Access Network Information (ANI) Sub-Option
Type Values". This specification reserves the following type
values. Approval of new Access Network Information (ANI) sub-
option type values are to be made through IANA Expert Review.
+=========================================================+
| 0 | Reserved |
+=========================================================+
| 1 | Network-Identifier sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 2 | Geo-Location sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 3 | Operator-Identifier sub-option |
+=========================================================+
o Action 3: This specification defines a new mobility sub-option,
the Operator-Identifier sub-option. The format of this mobility
sub-option is described in <a href="#section-3.1.3">Section 3.1.3</a>. The Operator-Identifier
(Op-ID) Type field of this sub-option introduces a new number
space. This number space is managed by IANA, under the registry
"Operator-Identifier Type Registry". This specification reserves
the following type values. Approval of new Operator-Identifier
type values are to be made through IANA Expert Review.
+===============================================+
| 0 | Reserved |
+===+===========================================+
| 1 | Operator-Identifier as a variable-length |
| | Private Enterprise Number (PEN) |
+===+===========================================+
| 2 | Realm of the Operator |
+===+===========================================+
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-15" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Protocol Configuration Variables</span>
This specification defines the following configuration variables that
control the use of sub-options related to the Access Network
Information in Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling messages. The mobility
entities, local mobility anchor, and mobile access gateway MUST allow
these variables to be configured by the system management. The
configured values for these protocol variables MUST survive server
reboots and service restarts.
EnableANISubOptNetworkIdentifier
This flag indicates the operational state of the Network-
Identifier sub-option support. This configuration variable is
available at both the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
anchor. The default value for this flag is set to (0), indicating
that support for the Network-Identifier sub-option is disabled.
When this flag on the mobile access gateway is set to a value of
(1), the mobile access gateway SHOULD include this sub-option in
the Proxy Binding Update messages that it sends to the local
mobility anchor; otherwise, it SHOULD NOT include the sub-option.
There can be situations where the mobile access gateway is unable
to obtain the Network-Identifier and may not be able to construct
this sub-option.
Similarly, when this flag on the local mobility anchor is set to a
value of (1), the local mobility anchor SHOULD enable support for
this sub-option; otherwise, it SHOULD ignore this sub-option.
EnableANISubOptGeoLocation
This flag indicates the operational state of the Geo-Location sub-
option support. This configuration variable is available at both
the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor. The
default value for this flag is set to (0), indicating that support
for the Geo-Location sub-option is disabled.
When this flag on the mobile access gateway is set to a value of
(1), the mobile access gateway SHOULD include this sub-option in
the Proxy Binding Update messages that it sends to the local
mobility anchor; otherwise, it SHOULD NOT include the sub-option.
There can be situations where the mobile access gateway is unable
to obtain the geo-location information and may not be able to
construct this sub-option.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 15]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-16" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
Similarly, when this flag on the local mobility anchor is set to a
value of (1), the local mobility anchor SHOULD enable support for
this sub-option; otherwise, it SHOULD ignore this sub-option.
EnableANISubOptOperatorIdentifier
This flag indicates the operational state of the Operator-
Identifier sub-option support. This configuration variable is
available at both the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
anchor. The default value for this flag is set to (0), indicating
that support for the Operator-Identifier sub-option is disabled.
When this flag on the mobile access gateway is set to a value of
(1), the mobile access gateway SHOULD include this sub-option in
the Proxy Binding Update messages that it sends to the local
mobility anchor; otherwise, it SHOULD NOT include the sub-option.
There can be situations where the mobile access gateway is unable
to obtain the Operator-Identifier information and may not be able
to construct this sub-option.
Similarly, when this flag on the local mobility anchor is set to a
value of (1), the local mobility anchor SHOULD enable support for
this sub-option; otherwise, it SHOULD ignore this sub-option.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. Security Considerations</span>
The Access Network Information option defined in this specification
is for use in Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
messages. This option is carried like any other mobility header
option as specified in [<a href="./rfc6275" title=""Mobility Support in IPv6"">RFC6275</a>] and does not require any special
security considerations.
The Geo-Location sub-option carried in the Access Network Information
option exposes the geo-location of the network to which the mobile
node is attached. This information is considered to be very
sensitive, so care must be taken to secure the Proxy Mobile IPv6
signaling messages when carrying this sub-option. The base Proxy
Mobile IPv6 specification [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] specifies the use of IPsec for
securing the signaling messages, and those mechanisms can be enabled
for protecting this information. Operators can potentially apply
IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) with confidentiality and
integrity protection for protecting the location information.
Access-network-specific information elements that the mobile access
gateway sends may have been dynamically learned over DHCP or using
other protocols. If proper security mechanisms are not in place, the
exchanged information may be potentially compromised with the mobile
access gateway sending incorrect access network parameters to the
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 16]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-17" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
local mobility anchor. This situation may potentially result in
incorrect service policy enforcement at the local mobility anchor and
impact to other services that depend on this access network
information. This threat can be mitigated by ensuring the
communication path between the mobile access gateway and the access
points is properly secured by the use of IPsec, Transport Layer
Security (TLS), or other security protocols.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. Acknowledgements</span>
The authors would like to thank Basavaraj Patil, Carlos Bernardos,
Gerardo Gieratta, Eric Voit, Hidetoshi Yokota, Ryuji Wakikawa,
Sangram Kishore, William Wan, Stefano Faccin, and Brian Haberman for
all the discussions related to this topic. The authors would also
like to acknowledge the IESG reviews from Benoit Claise, Stephen
Farrell, Pete Resnick, Robert Spark, Martin Thomson, and Ralph Droms.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. References</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.1" href="#section-9.1">9.1</a>. Normative References</span>
[<a id="ref-RFC1035">RFC1035</a>] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, <a href="./rfc1035">RFC 1035</a>, November 1987.
[<a id="ref-RFC2119">RFC2119</a>] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>, March 1997.
[<a id="ref-RFC3629">RFC3629</a>] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, <a href="./rfc3629">RFC 3629</a>, November 2003.
[<a id="ref-RFC5139">RFC5139</a>] Thomson, M. and J. Winterbottom, "Revised Civic Location
Format for Presence Information Data Format Location
Object (PIDF-LO)", <a href="./rfc5139">RFC 5139</a>, February 2008.
[<a id="ref-RFC5213">RFC5213</a>] Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K.,
and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", <a href="./rfc5213">RFC 5213</a>, August 2008.
[<a id="ref-RFC5844">RFC5844</a>] Wakikawa, R. and S. Gundavelli, "IPv4 Support for Proxy
Mobile IPv6", <a href="./rfc5844">RFC 5844</a>, May 2010.
[<a id="ref-RFC6275">RFC6275</a>] Perkins, C., Johnson, D., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support
in IPv6", <a href="./rfc6275">RFC 6275</a>, July 2011.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 17]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-18" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-9.2" href="#section-9.2">9.2</a>. Informative References</span>
[<a id="ref-ANI">ANI</a>] 3GPP2 TSG-A, "Interoperability Specification (IOS) for
High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network
Interfaces with Session Control in the Access Network",
A.S0008-A v3.0, October 2008.
[<a id="ref-RFC2460">RFC2460</a>] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", <a href="./rfc2460">RFC 2460</a>, December 1998.
[<a id="ref-RFC3046">RFC3046</a>] Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option",
<a href="./rfc3046">RFC 3046</a>, January 2001.
[<a id="ref-RFC6225">RFC6225</a>] Polk, J., Linsner, M., Thomson, M., and B. Aboba, "Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol Options for Coordinate-Based
Location Configuration Information", <a href="./rfc6225">RFC 6225</a>, July 2011.
[<a id="ref-SMI">SMI</a>] IANA, "PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS", SMI Network Management
Private Enterprise Codes,
<<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers">http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers</a>>.
[<a id="ref-TS23003">TS23003</a>] 3GPP, "Numbering, addressing and identification", 3GPP
TS 23.003 3.15.0, 2012.
[<a id="ref-TS23203">TS23203</a>] 3GPP, "Policy and Charging Control Architecture", 3GPP
TS 23.203 10.7.0, 2012.
[<a id="ref-TS23402">TS23402</a>] 3GPP, "Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses",
3GPP TS 23.402 10.7.0, 2012.
[<a id="ref-WGS84">WGS84</a>] NIMA, "World Geodetic System 1984", Third Edition,
NIMA TR8350.2, June 2004.
<span class="grey">Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 18]</span></pre>
<hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-19" ></span>
<span class="grey"><a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a> Access Network Identifier Option October 2012</span>
Authors' Addresses
Sri Gundavelli (editor)
Cisco
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
EMail: sgundave@cisco.com
Jouni Korhonen (editor)
Nokia Siemens Networks
Linnoitustie 6
Espoo FIN-02600
Finland
EMail: jouni.nospam@gmail.com
Mark Grayson
Cisco
11 New Square Park
Bedfont Lakes, Feltham TW14 8HA
England
EMail: mgrayson@cisco.com
Kent Leung
Cisco
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
EMail: kleung@cisco.com
Rajesh Pazhyannur
Cisco
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
EMail: rpazhyan@cisco.com
Gundavelli, et al. Standards Track [Page 19]
</pre>
|
