<pre>Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                       A. Melnikov
Request for Comments: 6758                                     Isode Ltd
Category: Informational                                      K. Carlberg
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                      G11
                                                            October 2012


             <span class="h1">Tunneling of SMTP Message Transfer Priorities</span>

Abstract

   This memo defines a mechanism for tunneling of SMTP (Simple Mail
   Transfer Protocol) Message Transfer Priority values through MTAs
   (Message Transfer Agents) that don't support the MT-PRIORITY SMTP
   extension.

Status of This Memo

   This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
   published for informational purposes.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Not all documents
   approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
   Standard; see <a href="./rfc5741#section-2">Section&nbsp;2 of RFC 5741</a>.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6758">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6758</a>.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp78">BCP 78</a> and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (<a href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.





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Table of Contents

   <a href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction ....................................................<a href="#page-2">2</a>
   <a href="#section-2">2</a>. Conventions Used in This Document ...............................<a href="#page-3">3</a>
   <a href="#section-3">3</a>. Handling of Messages Received via SMTP ..........................<a href="#page-4">4</a>
      3.1. Handling of the MT-PRIORITY Parameter by the
           Receiving SMTP Server ......................................<a href="#page-4">4</a>
      <a href="#section-3.2">3.2</a>. Relay of Messages to Other Conforming SMTP/LMTP Servers ....<a href="#page-4">4</a>
      <a href="#section-3.3">3.3</a>. Relay of Messages to Non-Conforming SMTP/LMTP Servers ......<a href="#page-5">5</a>
      <a href="#section-3.4">3.4</a>. Mailing Lists and Aliases ..................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
      <a href="#section-3.5">3.5</a>. Gatewaying a Message into a Foreign Environment ............<a href="#page-5">5</a>
      <a href="#section-3.6">3.6</a>. Interaction with the DSN SMTP Extension ....................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-4">4</a>. Header Field: MT-Priority .......................................<a href="#page-5">5</a>
   <a href="#section-5">5</a>. Example .........................................................<a href="#page-6">6</a>
   <a href="#section-6">6</a>. IANA Considerations .............................................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
   <a href="#section-7">7</a>. Security Considerations .........................................<a href="#page-7">7</a>
      <a href="#section-7.1">7.1</a>. Modification of the MT-Priority Header Field and DKIM ......<a href="#page-9">9</a>
   <a href="#section-8">8</a>. References ......................................................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
      <a href="#section-8.1">8.1</a>. Normative References .......................................<a href="#page-9">9</a>
      <a href="#section-8.2">8.2</a>. Informative References ....................................<a href="#page-10">10</a>
   <a href="#appendix-A">Appendix A</a>. Acknowledgements ......................................<a href="#page-11">11</a>

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>.  Introduction</span>

   The SMTP Message Transfer Priorities extension [<a href="./rfc6710" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities&quot;">RFC6710</a>] specifies a
   mechanism to allow messages to be given a label to indicate
   preferential handling, to enable mail handling nodes to take this
   into account for onward processing.  However, as with all SMTP
   extensions, all SMTP Message Transfer Agents (MTAs) between the
   source and the destination must support the extension in order for it
   to be successfully used.  This document describes an application-
   layer tunneling of message priority, to convey the priority of the
   messages through MTAs that do not support the Message Transfer
   Priorities extension.  The tunneling is done by adding a new message
   header field to the Internet Message Format specified in [<a href="./rfc5322" title="&quot;Internet Message Format&quot;">RFC5322</a>].

   A number of other header fields are already in use, mostly in Message
   User Agents (MUAs), to convey meanings related to importance or
   priority of messages.  Examples of such header fields are Importance
   [<a href="./rfc2156" title="&quot;MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME&quot;">RFC2156</a>], Priority [<a href="./rfc2156" title="&quot;MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME&quot;">RFC2156</a>], and X-Priority (undocumented).
   Considering sometimes subtle and sometimes significant differences in
   the meaning of these header fields and widely different syntax, this
   document defines a new header field.

   This document is motivated by 2 main deployment scenarios: (1) an MUA
   talking to a non-MT-PRIORITY-aware Message Submission Agent (MSA),
   and (2) the use of an unextended MUA to talk to an MT-PRIORITY-aware
   MSA.  These 2 use cases are discussed in more detail below.



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   Use case (1) is about an MT-PRIORITY-capable MUA talking to a
   non-MT-PRIORITY-capable MSA [<a href="./rfc6409" title="&quot;Message Submission for Mail&quot;">RFC6409</a>], which in turn is talking to an
   MT-PRIORITY-capable MTA [<a href="./rfc5321" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol&quot;">RFC5321</a>].  Both the MSA and MTA are within
   the same ADministrative Management Domain (ADMD) and are on a fast
   network; however, some recipients are accessible via the MTA that is
   talking over a slow link to the next MTA.  Communications over that
   slow link can benefit from the use of the MT-PRIORITY SMTP extension.

   In use case (2), a widely deployed client (such as a desktop client)
   is talking to an MT-PRIORITY-capable MSA.  The client might be
   extendable via a plug-in API provided by the client developers;
   however, existing APIs frequently allow easy manipulation of email
   header fields, while not allowing for addition of SMTP protocol
   features.  In such a case, installing a plug-in on the client that
   can set the MT-Priority header field could provide easier and earlier
   deployment of the MT-PRIORITY SMTP extension in an organization
   without requiring changes to desktop clients.

   We note that the above use cases are not exhaustive and that other
   use cases -- variations of the above -- may exist.  The purpose of
   this document is not to consider every scenario, but rather examples
   that reinforce the need to consider a tunneling mechanism that can
   deal with SMTP-capable devices that do not support [<a href="./rfc6710" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities&quot;">RFC6710</a>].

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>.  Conventions Used in This Document</span>

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [<a href="./rfc2119" title="&quot;Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels&quot;">RFC2119</a>] when they
   appear in ALL CAPS.  These words also appear in this document in
   lower case as plain English words, absent their normative meanings.

   The formal syntax uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
   [<a href="./rfc5234" title="&quot;Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF&quot;">RFC5234</a>] notation, including the core rules defined in <a href="./rfc5234#appendix-B">Appendix&nbsp;B of
   RFC 5234</a> [<a href="./rfc5234" title="&quot;Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF&quot;">RFC5234</a>].

   In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
   server, respectively.  Line breaks that do not start with a new "C:"
   or "S:" exist for editorial reasons and are not a part of the
   protocol.

   This document uses the term "priority" specifically in relation to
   the internal treatment of a message by the server.  Messages with
   higher priorities may be given expedited handling, and those with
   lower priorities may be handled only as resources become available.






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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>.  Handling of Messages Received via SMTP</span>

   The subsections of this section update the corresponding subsections
   of <a href="./rfc6710#section-4">Section&nbsp;4 of [RFC6710]</a>.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.1" href="#section-3.1">3.1</a>.  Handling of the MT-PRIORITY Parameter by the Receiving SMTP Server</span>

   This specification inserts the following between steps 4 and 5 in
   <a href="./rfc6710#section-4.1">Section&nbsp;4.1 of [RFC6710]</a>:

   4a.  If the sending SMTP client hasn't specified the MT-PRIORITY
        parameter to the MAIL FROM command, but the message has a single
        syntactically valid MT-Priority header field (see <a href="#section-4">Section 4</a>),
        then the value of this header field is the message priority.

   4b.  In the absence of both the MT-PRIORITY MAIL FROM parameter and
        the MT-Priority header field, other message header fields, such
        as Priority [<a href="./rfc2156" title="&quot;MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME&quot;">RFC2156</a>] and X-Priority, MAY be used for
        determining the priority under this "Priority Message Handling"
        SMTP extension.  Note, however, that the Importance [<a href="./rfc2156" title="&quot;MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME&quot;">RFC2156</a>]
        header field MUST NOT be used for determining the priority under
        this "Priority Message Handling" SMTP extension, as it has
        different semantics: the Importance header field is aimed at the
        user recipient and not at the nodes responsible for transferring
        the message.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.2" href="#section-3.2">3.2</a>.  Relay of Messages to Other Conforming SMTP/LMTP Servers</span>

   This specification inserts the following between steps 1 and 2 in
   <a href="./rfc6710#section-4.2">Section&nbsp;4.2 of [RFC6710]</a>.

   1a.  Note that rule 1 also applies to messages that didn't have any
        priority explicitly specified using the MT-PRIORITY MAIL FROM
        parameter or the MT-Priority header field.

















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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.3" href="#section-3.3">3.3</a>.  Relay of Messages to Non-Conforming SMTP/LMTP Servers</span>

   This specification appends the following after step 1 in <a href="./rfc6710#section-4.3">Section&nbsp;4.3
   of [RFC6710]</a>:

   2.  The relaying MTA MUST first remove any and all existing
       MT-Priority header fields from the message.  (Please see
       <a href="#section-7">Section 7</a> for additional considerations related to removal of the
       MT-Priority header field.)

   3.  If the incoming message had an MT-PRIORITY parameter specified in
       the MAIL FROM command *or* there was an MT-Priority header field
       removed in step 2 above, then the relaying MTA MUST add its own
       MT-Priority header field with the value determined by the
       procedure in <a href="#section-3.1">Section 3.1</a>.  The syntax of the MT-Priority header
       field is specified in <a href="#section-4">Section 4</a>.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.4" href="#section-3.4">3.4</a>.  Mailing Lists and Aliases</span>

   This specification makes no changes to <a href="./rfc6710#section-4.4">Section&nbsp;4.4 of [RFC6710]</a>.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.5" href="#section-3.5">3.5</a>.  Gatewaying a Message into a Foreign Environment</span>

   This specification inserts the following between steps 1 and 2 in
   <a href="./rfc6710#section-4.5">Section&nbsp;4.5 of [RFC6710]</a>.

   1a.  Note that if the destination environment doesn't support the
        transport of an arbitrary header field, the requirement in
        <a href="#section-3.3">Section 3.3</a> to add an MT-Priority header field doesn't apply.

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-3.6" href="#section-3.6">3.6</a>.  Interaction with the DSN SMTP Extension</span>

   This specification makes no changes to <a href="./rfc6710#section-4.6">Section&nbsp;4.6 of [RFC6710]</a>.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>.  Header Field: MT-Priority</span>

   Applicable protocol: mail [<a href="./rfc5322" title="&quot;Internet Message Format&quot;">RFC5322</a>]
   Status: standard
   Author/change controller: Alexey Melnikov / IESG (iesg@ietf.org)
      on behalf of the IETF
   Specification document(s): <a href="./rfc6758">RFC 6758</a>

   The MT-Priority header field conveys message transfer priority when
   relaying a message through MTAs that don't support the MT-PRIORITY
   SMTP extension.






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   The ABNF for this header field is defined as follows:

      priority-header-field = "MT-Priority:"
                              [CFWS] priority-value [CFWS] CRLF

   where "priority-value" is defined in [<a href="./rfc6710" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities&quot;">RFC6710</a>].

   Example:
   MT-Priority: -3

   Example:
   MT-Priority: 4 (ultra)

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>.  Example</span>

   Note that the following example of an SMTP transaction with 2
   recipients is also making use of the STARTTLS [<a href="./rfc3207" title="&quot;SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over Transport Layer Security&quot;">RFC3207</a>] and Delivery
   Status Notification (DSN) [<a href="./rfc3461" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs)&quot;">RFC3461</a>] SMTP extensions, even though
   there is no requirement that these other extensions are to be
   supported when the MT-PRIORITY SMTP extension is implemented.

        S: 220 example.net SMTP server here
        C: EHLO example.com
        S: 250-example.net
        S: 250-DSN
        S: 250-STARTTLS
        S: 250 MT-PRIORITY STANAG4406
        C: STARTTLS
        [...TLS negotiation...]
        C: MAIL FROM:&lt;eljefe@example.com&gt; ENVID=QQ314159
            MT-PRIORITY=3
        S: 250 &lt;eljefe@example.com&gt; sender ok
        C: RCPT TO:&lt;topbanana@example.net&gt;
        S: 250 &lt;topbanana@example.net&gt; recipient ok
        C: RCPT TO:&lt;Dana@Ivory.example.net&gt; NOTIFY=SUCCESS,FAILURE
            ORCPT=<a href="./rfc822">rfc822</a>;Dana@Ivory.example.net
        S: 250 &lt;Dana@Ivory.example.net&gt; recipient ok
        C: DATA
        S: 354 okay, send message
        C:  (message goes here)
        C: .
        S: 250 message accepted
        C: QUIT
        S: 221 goodbye

   Here, the receiving SMTP server supports the "STANAG4406" Priority
   Assignment Policy [<a href="./rfc6710" title="&quot;Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities&quot;">RFC6710</a>] with 6 priority levels, so it will use
   the priority value 4 internally (the next supported priority higher



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   or equal to 3) and will communicate the priority value 3 when
   relaying it to the next hop (if necessary).  When relaying the
   message to the next hop that doesn't support the MT-PRIORITY SMTP
   extension, the transaction might look like this:

        S: 220 example.org SMTP server here
        C: EHLO example.net
        S: 250-example.org
        S: 250-DSN
        S: 250-STARTTLS
        S: 250 SIZE
        C: STARTTLS
        [...TLS negotiation...]
        C: MAIL FROM:&lt;eljefe@example.com&gt; ENVID=QQ314159
        S: 250 &lt;eljefe@example.com&gt; sender ok
        C: RCPT TO:&lt;topbanana@example.net&gt;
        S: 250 &lt;topbanana@example.net&gt; recipient ok
        C: RCPT TO:&lt;Dana@Ivory.example.net&gt; NOTIFY=SUCCESS,FAILURE
            ORCPT=<a href="./rfc822">rfc822</a>;Dana@Ivory.example.net
        S: 250 &lt;Dana@Ivory.example.net&gt; recipient ok
        C: DATA
        S: 354 okay, send message
        C: MT-Priority: 3
        C:  (the rest of the message goes here)
        C: .
        S: 250 message accepted
        C: QUIT
        S: 221 goodbye

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>.  IANA Considerations</span>

   IANA has added the following list of header field names to the
   "Permanent Message Header Field Names" registry (in
   &lt;<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html">http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html</a>&gt;):

   Header field: MT-Priority
   Applicable protocol: mail
   Status: standard
   Author/change controller: Alexey Melnikov / IESG (iesg@ietf.org)
      on behalf of the IETF
   Specification document(s): <a href="./rfc6758">RFC 6758</a>

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>.  Security Considerations</span>

   This document allows a message priority to be tunneled through MTAs
   that don't support the MT-PRIORITY SMTP extension by specifying how
   it can be represented in the message itself (using the MT-Priority
   header field).  Thus, it is important to ensure that an MTA receiving



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   a message containing the MT-Priority header field can trust that it
   was set by an authorized agent.  The use of technologies such as
   DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) [<a href="./rfc6376" title="&quot;DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) Signatures&quot;">RFC6376</a>] or S/MIME to sign the
   MT-Priority header field value can enable a recipient to verify
   whether the specified priority value was generated by a trusted
   agent.  In particular, DKIM signing allows a recipient to verify that
   the specified priority value was present when the message was signed,
   and to verify who signed the message.  Note, however, that the DKIM
   signer might not be the same agent that generated the MT-Priority
   header field.

   MSAs ought to only accept message transfer priorities (whether by
   using the MT-PRIORITY parameter to the MAIL FROM command or the
   MT-Priority header field in the message itself) from users (or only
   certain groups of such users) who are authenticated and authorized in
   some way that's acceptable to the MSA.  As part of this policy, they
   can also restrict maximum priority values that different groups of
   users can request and can override the priority values specified by
   MUAs.  When relaying to non-MT-PRIORITY-capable SMTP/LMTP (Local Mail
   Transfer Protocol) servers, such MSAs are required to replace any
   MT-Priority header field values that don't satisfy this policy.  See
   <a href="#section-7.1">Section 7.1</a> for more details on what the consequences of such changes
   might be.

   Similarly, MTAs ought to only accept message transfer priorities
   (whether by using the MT-PRIORITY parameter to the MAIL FROM command
   or the MT-Priority header field in the message itself) from senders
   (or only certain groups of such senders) who are authenticated and
   authorized in some way that's acceptable to the MTA.  As part of this
   policy, they can also restrict maximum priority values that different
   groups of senders can request and can override the priority values
   specified by them.  When relaying to non-MT-PRIORITY-capable SMTP/
   LMTP servers, such MTAs are required to replace any MT-Priority
   header field values that don't satisfy this policy.  See <a href="#section-7.1">Section 7.1</a>
   for more details on what the consequences of such changes might be.

   In the absence of the policy enforcement mentioned above, an SMTP
   server (whether an MSA or an MTA) implementing the MT-PRIORITY SMTP
   extension might be susceptible to a denial-of-service attack.  For
   example, malicious clients (MUAs/MSAs/MTAs) can try to abuse this
   feature by always requesting priority 9.

   To protect the MT-Priority header field from modification or
   insertion, MUAs, MSAs, and MTAs inserting it into messages SHOULD use
   a message header protection mechanism such as DKIM [<a href="./rfc6376" title="&quot;DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) Signatures&quot;">RFC6376</a>];
   however, see <a href="#section-7.1">Section 7.1</a> for more information.





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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-7.1" href="#section-7.1">7.1</a>.  Modification of the MT-Priority Header Field and DKIM</span>

   An MSA/MTA that receives a message with an MT-Priority header field
   protected by DKIM and that wants to change the message priority due
   to its policy is forced to choose between

   a.  breaking DKIM signatures (by replacing the MT-Priority header
       value),

   b.  leaving the message as is (and using the MT-PRIORITY MAIL FROM
       parameter), relying on the fact that all downstream MTAs are
       compliant with this specification, and

   c.  rejecting the message.

   None of these choices are perfect.  They work in a particular
   situation, so these choices should be carefully considered during
   implementation and deployment.

   If the MSA/MTA decides to alter the message, it SHOULD re-sign the
   message with DKIM.

<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>.  References</span>

<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.1" href="#section-8.1">8.1</a>.  Normative References</span>

   [<a id="ref-RFC2119">RFC2119</a>]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>, March 1997.

   [<a id="ref-RFC3461">RFC3461</a>]  Moore, K., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service
              Extension for Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs)",
              <a href="./rfc3461">RFC 3461</a>, January 2003.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5234">RFC5234</a>]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, <a href="./rfc5234">RFC 5234</a>, January 2008.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5321">RFC5321</a>]  Klensin, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", <a href="./rfc5321">RFC 5321</a>,
              October 2008.

   [<a id="ref-RFC5322">RFC5322</a>]  Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", <a href="./rfc5322">RFC 5322</a>,
              October 2008.

   [<a id="ref-RFC6409">RFC6409</a>]  Gellens, R. and J. Klensin, "Message Submission for Mail",
              STD 72, <a href="./rfc6409">RFC 6409</a>, November 2011.

   [<a id="ref-RFC6710">RFC6710</a>]  Melnikov, A. and K. Carlberg, "Simple Mail Transfer
              Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities",
              <a href="./rfc6710">RFC 6710</a>, August 2012.



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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-8.2" href="#section-8.2">8.2</a>.  Informative References</span>

   [<a id="ref-RFC2156">RFC2156</a>]  Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay):
              Mapping between X.400 and <a href="./rfc822">RFC 822</a>/MIME", <a href="./rfc2156">RFC 2156</a>,
              January 1998.

   [<a id="ref-RFC3207">RFC3207</a>]  Hoffman, P., "SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over
              Transport Layer Security", <a href="./rfc3207">RFC 3207</a>, February 2002.

   [<a id="ref-RFC6376">RFC6376</a>]  Crocker, D., Hansen, T., and M. Kucherawy, "DomainKeys
              Identified Mail (DKIM) Signatures", <a href="./rfc6376">RFC 6376</a>,
              September 2011.

   [<a id="ref-SMTP-PRI-OLD">SMTP-PRI-OLD</a>]
              Schmeing, M., Brendecke, J., and K. Carlberg, "SMTP
              Service Extension for Priority Message Handling", Work
              in Progress, August 2006.


































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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A" href="#appendix-A">Appendix A</a>.  Acknowledgements</span>

   This document copies lots of text from "SMTP Service Extension for
   Priority Message Handling" [<a href="#ref-SMTP-PRI-OLD">SMTP-PRI-OLD</a>].  Therefore, the authors of
   this document would like to acknowledge contributions made by the
   authors of that document: Michael Schmeing and Jan-Wilhelm Brendecke.

   Many thanks for input provided by Steve Kille, David Wilson, John
   Klensin, Dave Crocker, Graeme Lunt, Alessandro Vesely, Barry Leiba,
   Bill McQuillan, Murray Kucherawy, SM, Glenn Parsons, Pete Resnick,
   Chris Newman, Ned Freed, Claudio Allocchio, Martin Thomson, and
   Joseph Yee.

   Special thanks to Barry Leiba for agreeing to shepherd this document.

Authors' Addresses

   Alexey Melnikov
   Isode Ltd
   5 Castle Business Village
   36 Station Road
   Hampton, Middlesex  TW12 2BX
   UK

   EMail: Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com


   Ken Carlberg
   G11
   1601 Clarendon Blvd, #203
   Arlington, VA  22209
   USA

   EMail: carlberg@g11.org.uk

















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