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     | 
    
      <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="RFC">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta content="Common,Latin" name="scripts">
<meta content="initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport">
<title>RFC 8959: The "secret-token" URI Scheme</title>
<meta content="Mark Nottingham" name="author">
<meta content='
       This document registers the "secret-token" URI scheme to aid in the identification
of authentication tokens. 
    ' name="description">
<meta content="xml2rfc 3.5.0" name="generator">
<meta content="bearer token" name="keyword">
<meta content="token scanning" name="keyword">
<meta content="8959" name="rfc.number">
<!-- Generator version information:
  xml2rfc 3.5.0
    Python 3.6.10
    appdirs 1.4.4
    ConfigArgParse 1.2.3
    google-i18n-address 2.3.5
    html5lib 1.0.1
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    PyYAML 5.3.1
    requests 2.22.0
    setuptools 40.6.2
    six 1.14.0
    WeasyPrint 51
-->
<link href="rfc8959.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/rfc+xml">
<link href="#copyright" rel="license">
<style type="text/css">/*
  NOTE: Changes at the bottom of this file overrides some earlier settings.
  Once the style has stabilized and has been adopted as an official RFC style,
  this can be consolidated so that style settings occur only in one place, but
  for now the contents of this file consists first of the initial CSS work as
  provided to the RFC Formatter (xml2rfc) work, followed by itemized and
  commented changes found necssary during the development of the v3
  formatters.
*/
/* fonts */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans'); /* Sans-serif */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Serif'); /* Serif (print) */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Mono'); /* Monospace */
@viewport {
  zoom: 1.0;
  width: extend-to-zoom;
}
@-ms-viewport {
  width: extend-to-zoom;
  zoom: 1.0;
}
/* general and mobile first */
html {
}
body {
  max-width: 90%;
  margin: 1.5em auto;
  color: #222;
  background-color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-family: 'Noto Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
.ears {
  display: none;
}
/* headings */
#title, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  margin: 1em 0 0.5em;
  font-weight: bold;
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}
#title {
  clear: both;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
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}
.author {
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}
h1 {
  font-size: 26px;
  margin: 1em 0;
}
h2 {
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}
h3 {
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h4 {
  font-size: 16px;
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h5, h6 {
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}
#n-copyright-notice {
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}
/* general structure */
p {
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}
div, span {
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}
div {
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}
.alignRight.art-text {
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  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
.alignRight.art-text pre {
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}
.alignRight {
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}
.alignRight > *:first-child {
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}
.alignRight > *:nth-child(2) {
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svg {
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  border-radius: 3px;
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}
.alignCenter.art-text pre {
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}
.alignCenter {
  margin: 1em 0;
}
.alignCenter > *:first-child {
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  /* this isn't optimal, but it's an existence proof.  PrinceXML doesn't
     support flexbox yet.
  */
  display: table;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
/* lists */
ol, ul {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 1em 2em;
}
ol ol, ul ul, ol ul, ul ol {
  margin-left: 1em;
}
li {
  margin: 0 0 0.25em 0;
}
.ulCompact li {
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}
ul.empty, .ulEmpty {
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}
ul.empty li, .ulEmpty li {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}
ul.compact, .ulCompact,
ol.compact, .olCompact {
  line-height: 100%;
  margin: 0 0 0 2em;
}
/* definition lists */
dl {
}
dl > dt {
  float: left;
  margin-right: 1em;
}
/* 
dl.nohang > dt {
  float: none;
}
*/
dl > dd {
  margin-bottom: .8em;
  min-height: 1.3em;
}
dl.compact > dd, .dlCompact > dd {
  margin-bottom: 0em;
}
dl > dd > dl {
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  margin-bottom: 0em;
}
/* links */
a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
a[href] {
  color: #22e; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
}
a[href]:hover {
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
figcaption a[href],
a[href].selfRef {
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}
/* XXX probably not this:
a.selfRef:hover {
  background-color: transparent;
  cursor: default;
} */
/* Figures */
tt, code, pre, code {
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}
pre {
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  margin: 0;
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}
img {
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}
figure {
  margin: 0;
}
figure blockquote {
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}
figcaption {
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}
@media screen {
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}
/* aside, blockquote */
aside, blockquote {
  margin-left: 0;
  padding: 1.2em 2em;
}
blockquote {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  color: #111; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
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  margin: 1em 0;
}
cite {
  display: block;
  text-align: right;
  font-style: italic;
}
/* tables */
table {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 0 1em;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border: 1px solid #eee;
}
th, td {
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  vertical-align: top;
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}
th {
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tr:nth-child(2n+1) > td {
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}
table caption {
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  margin: 0;
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}
table p {
  /* XXX to avoid bottom margin on table row signifiers. If paragraphs should
     be allowed within tables more generally, it would be far better to select on a class. */
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}
/* pilcrow */
a.pilcrow {
  color: #666; /* Arlen: AHDJ 2019 */
  text-decoration: none;
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  user-select: none;
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  -moz-user-select: none;
  -khtml-user-select: none;
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}
@media screen {
  aside:hover > a.pilcrow,
  p:hover > a.pilcrow,
  blockquote:hover > a.pilcrow,
  div:hover > a.pilcrow,
  li:hover > a.pilcrow,
  pre:hover > a.pilcrow {
    visibility: visible;
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  a.pilcrow:hover {
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}
/* misc */
hr {
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}
.bcp14 {
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}
.role {
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}
/* info block */
#identifiers {
  margin: 0;
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}
#identifiers dt {
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}
#identifiers dd {
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}
#identifiers .authors .author {
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}
#identifiers .authors .org {
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}
/* The prepared/rendered info at the very bottom of the page */
.docInfo {
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  font-size: 0.9em;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-top: 2em;
}
.docInfo .prepared {
  float: left;
}
.docInfo .prepared {
  float: right;
}
/* table of contents */
#toc  {
  padding: 0.75em 0 2em 0;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}
nav.toc ul {
  margin: 0 0.5em 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
nav.toc li {
  line-height: 1.3em;
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  padding-left: 1.2em;
  text-indent: -1.2em;
}
/* references */
.references dt {
  text-align: right;
  font-weight: bold;
  min-width: 7em;
}
.references dd {
  margin-left: 8em;
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}
.refInstance {
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}
.references .ascii {
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}
/* index */
.index ul {
  margin: 0 0 0 1em;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.index ul ul {
  margin: 0;
}
.index li {
  margin: 0;
  text-indent: -2em;
  padding-left: 2em;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
}
.indexIndex {
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}
.index a {
  font-weight: 700;
}
/* make the index two-column on all but the smallest screens */
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .index ul {
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    -moz-column-gap: 20px;
  }
  .index ul ul {
    -moz-column-count: 1;
    -moz-column-gap: 0;
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}
/* authors */
address.vcard {
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  margin: 1em 0;
}
address.vcard .nameRole {
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  margin-left: 0;
}
address.vcard .label {
  font-family: "Noto Sans",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
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}
address.vcard .type {
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}
.alternative-contact {
  margin: 1.5em 0 1em;
}
hr.addr {
  border-top: 1px dashed;
  margin: 0;
  color: #ddd;
  max-width: calc(100% - 16px);
}
/* temporary notes */
.rfcEditorRemove::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.2em;
  right: 0.2em;
  padding: 0.2em;
  content: "The RFC Editor will remove this note";
  color: #9e2a00; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
  background-color: #ffd; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
}
.rfcEditorRemove {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: 1.8em;
  background-color: #ffd; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.cref {
  background-color: #ffd; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
  padding: 2px 4px;
}
.crefSource {
  font-style: italic;
}
/* alternative layout for smaller screens */
@media screen and (max-width: 1023px) {
  body {
    padding-top: 2em;
  }
  #title {
    padding: 1em 0;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size: 24px;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 20px;
    margin-top: -18px;  /* provide offset for in-page anchors */
    padding-top: 38px;
  }
  #identifiers dd {
    max-width: 60%;
  }
  #toc {
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 2;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    background-color: inherit;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
  }
  #toc h2 {
    margin: -1px 0 0 0;
    padding: 4px 0 4px 6px;
    padding-right: 1em;
    min-width: 190px;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    text-align: right;
    background-color: #444;
    color: white;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  #toc h2::before { /* css hamburger */
    float: right;
    position: relative;
    width: 1em;
    height: 1px;
    left: -164px;
    margin: 6px 0 0 0;
    background: white none repeat scroll 0 0;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 0 0 white, 0 8px 0 0 white;
    content: "";
  }
  #toc nav {
    display: none;
    padding: 0.5em 1em 1em;
    overflow: auto;
    height: calc(100vh - 48px);
    border-left: 1px solid #ddd;
  }
}
/* alternative layout for wide screens */
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
  body {
    max-width: 724px;
    margin: 42px auto;
    padding-left: 1.5em;
    padding-right: 29em;
  }
  #toc {
    position: fixed;
    top: 42px;
    right: 42px;
    width: 25%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 1em;
    z-index: 1;
  }
  #toc h2 {
    border-top: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    font-size: 1em;
    font-weight: normal;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.25em 1em 1em 0;
  }
  #toc nav {
    display: block;
    height: calc(90vh - 84px);
    bottom: 0;
    padding: 0.5em 0 0;
    overflow: auto;
  }
  img { /* future proofing */
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  }
}
/* pagination */
@media print {
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  p {
    orphans: 3;
    widows: 3;
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  #toc, #n-introduction {
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  #toc {
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  figure, pre {
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  figure {
    overflow: scroll;
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  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }
  h2+*, h3+*, h4+*, h5+*, h6+* {
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  pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;
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  table {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
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  td {
    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
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}
/* This is commented out here, as the string-set: doesn't
   pass W3C validation currently */
/*
.ears thead .left {
  string-set: ears-top-left content();
}
.ears thead .center {
  string-set: ears-top-center content();
}
.ears thead .right {
  string-set: ears-top-right content();
}
.ears tfoot .left {
  string-set: ears-bottom-left content();
}
.ears tfoot .center {
  string-set: ears-bottom-center content();
}
.ears tfoot .right {
  string-set: ears-bottom-right content();
}
*/
@page :first {
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  @top-left {
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    border: none;
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  @top-center {
    content: normal;
    border: none;
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  @top-right {
    content: normal;
    border: none;
  }
}
@page {
  size: A4;
  margin-bottom: 45mm;
  padding-top: 20px;
  /* The follwing is commented out here, but set appropriately by in code, as
     the content depends on the document */
  /*
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<table class="ears">
<thead><tr>
<td class="left">RFC 8959</td>
<td class="center">"secret-token" URI Scheme</td>
<td class="right">January 2021</td>
</tr></thead>
<tfoot><tr>
<td class="left">Nottingham</td>
<td class="center">Informational</td>
<td class="right">[Page]</td>
</tr></tfoot>
</table>
<div id="external-metadata" class="document-information"></div>
<div id="internal-metadata" class="document-information">
<dl id="identifiers">
<dt class="label-stream">Stream:</dt>
<dd class="stream">Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)</dd>
<dt class="label-rfc">RFC:</dt>
<dd class="rfc"><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8959" class="eref">8959</a></dd>
<dt class="label-category">Category:</dt>
<dd class="category">Informational</dd>
<dt class="label-published">Published:</dt>
<dd class="published">
<time datetime="2021-01" class="published">January 2021</time>
    </dd>
<dt class="label-issn">ISSN:</dt>
<dd class="issn">2070-1721</dd>
<dt class="label-authors">Author:</dt>
<dd class="authors">
<div class="author">
      <div class="author-name">M. Nottingham</div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h1 id="rfcnum">RFC 8959</h1>
<h1 id="title">The "secret-token" URI Scheme</h1>
<section id="section-abstract">
      <h2 id="abstract"><a href="#abstract" class="selfRef">Abstract</a></h2>
<p id="section-abstract-1">This document registers the "secret-token" URI scheme to aid in the identification
of authentication tokens.<a href="#section-abstract-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
<div id="status-of-memo">
<section id="section-boilerplate.1">
        <h2 id="name-status-of-this-memo">
<a href="#name-status-of-this-memo" class="section-name selfRef">Status of This Memo</a>
        </h2>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-1">
            This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
            published for informational purposes.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-2">
            This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
            (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
            received public review and has been approved for publication by the
            Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Not all documents
            approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet
            Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-3">
            Information about the current status of this document, any
            errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
            <span><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8959">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8959</a></span>.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="copyright">
<section id="section-boilerplate.2">
        <h2 id="name-copyright-notice">
<a href="#name-copyright-notice" class="section-name selfRef">Copyright Notice</a>
        </h2>
<p id="section-boilerplate.2-1">
            Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
            document authors. All rights reserved.<a href="#section-boilerplate.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.2-2">
            This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
            Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
            (<span><a href="https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a></span>) in effect on the date of
            publication of this document. Please review these documents
            carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with
            respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this
            document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in
            Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without
            warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.<a href="#section-boilerplate.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="toc">
<section id="section-toc.1">
        <a href="#" onclick="scroll(0,0)" class="toplink">▲</a><h2 id="name-table-of-contents">
<a href="#name-table-of-contents" class="section-name selfRef">Table of Contents</a>
        </h2>
<nav class="toc"><ul class="toc ulEmpty compact">
<li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.1">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.1.1" class="keepWithNext"><a href="#section-1" class="xref">1</a>.  <a href="#name-introduction" class="xref">Introduction</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty compact">
<li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.1.2.1">
                <p id="section-toc.1-1.1.2.1.1" class="keepWithNext"><a href="#section-1.1" class="xref">1.1</a>.  <a href="#name-notational-conventions" class="xref">Notational Conventions</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.1.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
            </ul>
</li>
          <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.2">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.2.1" class="keepWithNext"><a href="#section-2" class="xref">2</a>.  <a href="#name-the-secret-token-uri-scheme" class="xref">The "secret-token" URI Scheme</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
          <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.3">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.3.1"><a href="#section-3" class="xref">3</a>.  <a href="#name-iana-considerations" class="xref">IANA Considerations</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
          <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.4">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.4.1"><a href="#section-4" class="xref">4</a>.  <a href="#name-security-considerations" class="xref">Security Considerations</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
          <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.5">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.5.1"><a href="#section-5" class="xref">5</a>.  <a href="#name-references" class="xref">References</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty compact">
<li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.5.2.1">
                <p id="section-toc.1-1.5.2.1.1"><a href="#section-5.1" class="xref">5.1</a>.  <a href="#name-normative-references" class="xref">Normative References</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.5.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
              <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.5.2.2">
                <p id="section-toc.1-1.5.2.2.1"><a href="#section-5.2" class="xref">5.2</a>.  <a href="#name-informative-references" class="xref">Informative References</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.5.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
            </ul>
</li>
          <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.6">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.6.1"><a href="#section-appendix.a" class="xref"></a><a href="#name-acknowledgements" class="xref">Acknowledgements</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
          <li class="toc ulEmpty compact" id="section-toc.1-1.7">
            <p id="section-toc.1-1.7.1"><a href="#section-appendix.b" class="xref"></a><a href="#name-authors-address" class="xref">Author's Address</a><a href="#section-toc.1-1.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
        </ul>
</nav>
</section>
</div>
<div id="introduction">
<section id="section-1">
      <h2 id="name-introduction">
<a href="#section-1" class="section-number selfRef">1. </a><a href="#name-introduction" class="section-name selfRef">Introduction</a>
      </h2>
<p id="section-1-1">It has become increasingly common to use bearer tokens as an authentication mechanism in various
protocols.<a href="#section-1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-2">A bearer token is a security token with the property that any party in possession of the token (a "bearer") can use the token in any way that any other party in possession of it can. Using a bearer token does not require a bearer to prove possession of cryptographic key material (proof-of-possession).<a href="#section-1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-3">Unfortunately, the number of security incidents involving accidental disclosure of these tokens has also increased. For example, we now regularly hear about a developer committing an access token to a public source code repository, either because they didn't realize it was included in the committed code or because they didn't realize the implications of its disclosure.<a href="#section-1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-4">This specification registers the "secret-token" URI scheme to aid prevention of such accidental disclosures. When tokens are easier to unambiguously identify, they can trigger warnings in continuous integration systems or be used in source code repositories themselves. They can also be scanned for separately.<a href="#section-1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-5">For example, if cloud.example.net issues access tokens to its clients for later use, and it does so by formatting them as "secret-token" URIs, tokens that "leak" into places that they don't belong are easier to identify. This could be through a variety of mechanisms; for example, if repo.example.com can be configured to refuse commits containing "secret-token" URIs, it helps its customers avoid accidental disclosures.<a href="#section-1-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-6">"secret-token" URIs are intended to aid in identification of generated secrets, like API keys and similar tokens. They are not intended for use in controlled situations where ephemeral tokens are used, such as things like Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) tokens.<a href="#section-1-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="notational-conventions">
<section id="section-1.1">
        <h3 id="name-notational-conventions">
<a href="#section-1.1" class="section-number selfRef">1.1. </a><a href="#name-notational-conventions" class="section-name selfRef">Notational Conventions</a>
        </h3>
<p id="section-1.1-1">
    The key words "<span class="bcp14">MUST</span>", "<span class="bcp14">MUST NOT</span>", "<span class="bcp14">REQUIRED</span>", "<span class="bcp14">SHALL</span>", "<span class="bcp14">SHALL NOT</span>", "<span class="bcp14">SHOULD</span>", "<span class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</span>", "<span class="bcp14">RECOMMENDED</span>", "<span class="bcp14">NOT RECOMMENDED</span>", "<span class="bcp14">MAY</span>", and "<span class="bcp14">OPTIONAL</span>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 <span>[<a href="#RFC2119" class="xref">RFC2119</a>]</span> <span>[<a href="#RFC8174" class="xref">RFC8174</a>]</span> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.<a href="#section-1.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1.1-2">This document uses ABNF <span>[<a href="#RFC5234" class="xref">RFC5234</a>]</span>. It also uses the pchar rule from <span>[<a href="#RFC3986" class="xref">RFC3986</a>]</span>.<a href="#section-1.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="the-secret-token-uri-scheme">
<section id="section-2">
      <h2 id="name-the-secret-token-uri-scheme">
<a href="#section-2" class="section-number selfRef">2. </a><a href="#name-the-secret-token-uri-scheme" class="section-name selfRef">The "secret-token" URI Scheme</a>
      </h2>
<p id="section-2-1">The "secret-token" URI scheme identifies a token that is intended to be a secret.<a href="#section-2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-2-2">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-abnf">
secret-token-URI    = secret-token-scheme ":" token
secret-token-scheme = "secret-token"
token               = 1*pchar
</pre><a href="#section-2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-2-3">See <span>[<a href="#RFC3986" class="xref">RFC3986</a>], <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-3.3" class="relref">Section 3.3</a></span> for a definition of pchar. Disallowed characters -- including non-ASCII characters -- <span class="bcp14">MUST</span> be encoded into UTF-8 <span>[<a href="#RFC3629" class="xref">RFC3629</a>]</span> and then percent-encoded (<span>[<a href="#RFC3986" class="xref">RFC3986</a>], <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.1" class="relref">Section 2.1</a></span>).<a href="#section-2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2-4">When a token is both generated and presented for authentication, the entire URI <span class="bcp14">MUST</span> be used, without changes.<a href="#section-2-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-2-5">For example, given the URI:<a href="#section-2-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-2-6">
<pre class="sourcecode">
secret-token:E92FB7EB-D882-47A4-A265-A0B6135DC842%20foo
</pre><a href="#section-2-6" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-2-7">This (character-for-character, case-sensitive) string will both be issued by the token authority and required for later access. Therefore, if the example above were used as a bearer token in <span>[<a href="#RFC6750" class="xref">RFC6750</a>]</span>, a client might send:<a href="#section-2-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="section-2-8">
<pre class="sourcecode lang-http-message">
GET /authenticated/stuff HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
Authorization: Bearer
  secret-token:E92FB7EB-D882-47A4-A265-A0B6135DC842%20foo
</pre><a href="#section-2-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="iana-considerations">
<section id="section-3">
      <h2 id="name-iana-considerations">
<a href="#section-3" class="section-number selfRef">3. </a><a href="#name-iana-considerations" class="section-name selfRef">IANA Considerations</a>
      </h2>
<p id="section-3-1">This document registers the following value in the
      "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes" registry:<a href="#section-3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<span class="break"></span><dl class="dlParallel dlCompact" id="section-3-2">
        <dt id="section-3-2.1">Scheme name:</dt>
        <dd style="margin-left: 1.5em" id="section-3-2.2">secret-token<a href="#section-3-2.2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
        <dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="section-3-2.3">Status:</dt>
        <dd style="margin-left: 1.5em" id="section-3-2.4">provisional<a href="#section-3-2.4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
        <dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="section-3-2.5">Applications/protocols that use this scheme:</dt>
        <dd style="margin-left: 1.5em" id="section-3-2.6">none yet<a href="#section-3-2.6" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
        <dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="section-3-2.7">Contact:</dt>
        <dd style="margin-left: 1.5em" id="section-3-2.8">iesg@iesg.org<a href="#section-3-2.8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
        <dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="section-3-2.9">Change Controller:</dt>
        <dd style="margin-left: 1.5em" id="section-3-2.10">IESG<a href="#section-3-2.10" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
        <dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="section-3-2.11">References:</dt>
        <dd style="margin-left: 1.5em" id="section-3-2.12">RFC 8959<a href="#section-3-2.12" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
      <dd class="break"></dd>
</dl>
</section>
</div>
<div id="security-considerations">
<section id="section-4">
      <h2 id="name-security-considerations">
<a href="#section-4" class="section-number selfRef">4. </a><a href="#name-security-considerations" class="section-name selfRef">Security Considerations</a>
      </h2>
<p id="section-4-1">The token ABNF rule allows tokens as small as one character. This is not recommended practice; applications should evaluate their requirements for entropy and issue tokens correspondingly. 
See <span>[<a href="#RFC4086" class="xref">RFC4086</a>]</span> for more information.<a href="#section-4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-2">This URI scheme is intended to reduce the incidence of accidental disclosure; it cannot prevent intentional disclosure.<a href="#section-4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-4-3">If it is difficult to correctly handle secret material, or unclear as to what the appropriate handling is, users might choose to obfuscate their secret tokens in order to evade detection (for example, removing the URI scheme for storage). 
      Mitigating this risk is often beyond the reach of the system using the "secret-token" URI; users can be cautioned against such practices and be provided tools to help.<a href="#section-4-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<section id="section-5">
      <h2 id="name-references">
<a href="#section-5" class="section-number selfRef">5. </a><a href="#name-references" class="section-name selfRef">References</a>
      </h2>
<section id="section-5.1">
        <h3 id="name-normative-references">
<a href="#section-5.1" class="section-number selfRef">5.1. </a><a href="#name-normative-references" class="section-name selfRef">Normative References</a>
        </h3>
<dl class="references">
<dt id="RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt>
        <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Bradner, S.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">BCP 14</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 2119</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC2119</span>, <time datetime="1997-03" class="refDate">March 1997</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="RFC3629">[RFC3629]</dt>
        <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Yergeau, F.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">STD 63</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 3629</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC3629</span>, <time datetime="2003-11" class="refDate">November 2003</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="RFC3986">[RFC3986]</dt>
        <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Berners-Lee, T.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Fielding, R.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and L. Masinter</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">STD 66</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 3986</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC3986</span>, <time datetime="2005-01" class="refDate">January 2005</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="RFC5234">[RFC5234]</dt>
        <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Crocker, D., Ed.</span><span class="refAuthor"> and P. Overell</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">STD 68</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 5234</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC5234</span>, <time datetime="2008-01" class="refDate">January 2008</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="RFC8174">[RFC8174]</dt>
      <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Leiba, B.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">BCP 14</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 8174</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC8174</span>, <time datetime="2017-05" class="refDate">May 2017</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="section-5.2">
        <h3 id="name-informative-references">
<a href="#section-5.2" class="section-number selfRef">5.2. </a><a href="#name-informative-references" class="section-name selfRef">Informative References</a>
        </h3>
<dl class="references">
<dt id="RFC4086">[RFC4086]</dt>
        <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Eastlake 3rd, D.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Schiller, J.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and S. Crocker</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Randomness Requirements for Security"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">BCP 106</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 4086</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC4086</span>, <time datetime="2005-06" class="refDate">June 2005</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4086">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4086</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
<dt id="RFC6750">[RFC6750]</dt>
      <dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Jones, M.</span><span class="refAuthor"> and D. Hardt</span>, <span class="refTitle">"The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 6750</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC6750</span>, <time datetime="2012-10" class="refDate">October 2012</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6750">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6750</a>></span>. </dd>
<dd class="break"></dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>
<div id="acknowledgements">
<section id="section-appendix.a">
      <h2 id="name-acknowledgements">
<a href="#name-acknowledgements" class="section-name selfRef">Acknowledgements</a>
      </h2>
<p id="section-appendix.a-1">The definition of bearer tokens is from <span>[<a href="#RFC6750" class="xref">RFC6750</a>]</span>.<a href="#section-appendix.a-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="authors-addresses">
<section id="section-appendix.b">
      <h2 id="name-authors-address">
<a href="#name-authors-address" class="section-name selfRef">Author's Address</a>
      </h2>
<address class="vcard">
        <div dir="auto" class="left"><span class="fn nameRole">Mark Nottingham</span></div>
<div dir="auto" class="left">
<span class="locality">Prahran</span> <span class="region">VIC</span> </div>
<div dir="auto" class="left"><span class="country-name">Australia</span></div>
<div class="email">
<span>Email:</span>
<a href="mailto:mnot@mnot.net" class="email">mnot@mnot.net</a>
</div>
<div class="url">
<span>URI:</span>
<a href="https://www.mnot.net/" class="url">https://www.mnot.net/</a>
</div>
</address>
</section>
</div>
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