<glossary id="glossary">
<?dbhtml filename="dbgloss.html"??>
<glossaryinfo>
<pubdate>$Date$</pubdate>
<releaseinfo>$Revision$</releaseinfo>
</glossaryinfo>
<title>Glossary</title>
<glossentry id="gloss-attribute"><glossterm>attribute</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>attributes</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
  <secondary>attributes</secondary></indexterm>

Attributes augment the element on which they appear; they also
provide additional information about the element.
</para>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>start tags</primary>
  <secondary>attribute ID, containing</secondary></indexterm>

Attributes appear as name-value pairs in the element's start-tag.
For example, to assign the value <literal>hostname</literal> to the
<sgmltag class="attribute">Role</sgmltag> attribute of <sgmltag>SystemItem</sgmltag>,
you would use the mark up:
<sgmltag class="starttag">systemitem role="hostname"</sgmltag>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-callout"><glossterm>callout</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>callouts</primary></indexterm>
A pointer, verbal or graphical or both, to a 
<emphasis>component</emphasis> of an illustration 
or a text object.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-cooked"><glossterm>cooked</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>cooked data</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>appearance</primary>
  <secondary>cooked data</secondary></indexterm>

<quote>Cooked</quote> data, as distinct from <quote>raw,</quote> is a collection
of elements and character data that's ready for presentation. The processor
is not expected to rearrange, select, or suppress any of the elements, but
simply present them as specified.
</para>
<glossseealso>Raw</glossseealso>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-dtd"><glossterm>document type declaration (&DTD;)</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>document type declaration</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>declarations</primary>
  <secondary>document type declaration</secondary></indexterm>

A set of declarations that defines the names of the elements 
and their attributes, and that specifies rules for their combination
or sequence.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-dsssl"><glossterm><acronym>DSSSL</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>DSSSL</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>stylesheets</primary>
  <secondary>languages</secondary>
    <tertiary>DSSSL</tertiary></indexterm>

Document Style Semantics and Specification Language
(<acronym>ISO</acronym>/<acronym>IEC</acronym> 10179:1996). An international standard stylesheet language
for &SGML;/&XML; documents.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-element"><glossterm>element</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>hierarchical structure</primary>
  <secondary>elements, defining</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>empty elements</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>start tags</primary>
  <secondary>empty element</secondary></indexterm>

Elements define the hierarchical structure of a document.
Most elements have start and end tags and contain some part of the
document content. Empty elements have only a start tag and have no content. 
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-entity"><glossterm>entity</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>entities</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>data entities</primary></indexterm>

A name assigned (by means of a declaration) to some chunk of 
data so it can be referred to by that name; the data can be 
of various kinds (a special character or a chapter or a set of
declarations in a &DTD;, for instance), and the way in which it is referred 
to depends on the type of data and where it is being referenced: 
&SGML; has parameter, general, external, internal, and data entities.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-excl"><glossterm>exclusion</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>exclusions</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DTDs</primary>
  <secondary>exclusions</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
  <secondary>exclusions</secondary></indexterm>

An exclusion is used in a &DTD; to indicate that, within the element on 
which the exclusion occurs, the excluded elements are not valid anywhere
within the content of the element.
</para>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>Footnote element</primary>
  <secondary>exclusions</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>nesting</primary>
  <secondary>footnotes</secondary></indexterm>

For example, in DocBook, <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag> excludes <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag>.
This means that footnotes cannot nest, even though <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag>
contains <sgmltag>Para</sgmltag>, and <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag> occurs in the proper
content model of <sgmltag>Para</sgmltag>.
</para>
<para>
See <xref linkend="s-ms"/>.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-extentity"><glossterm>external entity</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>external general entities</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>general entities</primary>
  <secondary>external</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>references</primary>
  <secondary>external documents</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>documents</primary>
  <secondary>external, references to</secondary></indexterm>

An external entity is a general entity that refers to another
document. External entities are often used to incorporate 
parsable text documents, like legal notices or chapters, into larger
units, like chapters or books.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-extsub"><glossterm>external subset</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>external subset</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>document type declaration</primary>
  <secondary>external subset</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>public identifiers</primary>
  <secondary>external subset</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>system identifiers</primary>
  <secondary>external subset</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>declarations</primary>
  <secondary>document type declaration</secondary></indexterm>


Element, attribute, and other declarations that compose
(part of) a document type definition that are stored in an
external entity, and referenced from a document's document type
declaration using a public or system identifier.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-float"><glossterm>float</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>float</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>text</primary>
  <secondary>float</secondary></indexterm>

Text objects like sidebars, figures, tables, and graphics are said
to float when their actual place in the document is not fixed. For presentation
on a printed page, for instance, a graphic may float to the top of the next page if it
is too tall to fit on the page in which it actually falls, in the sequence of words and the sequence of
other like objects in a document.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-fpi"><glossterm>formal public identifier</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>FPI</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>public identifiers</primary>
  <secondary>formal</secondary></indexterm>
A public identifier that conforms to the specification of formal
public identifers in <acronym>ISO</acronym> 8879.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-fosi"><glossterm><acronym>FOSI</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>

<indexterm><primary>FOSI stylesheets</primary></indexterm>

Formatting Output Specification Instance, an &SGML; document that 
specifies the appearance or presentation of another &SGML; document in 
accordance 
with the Output Specification &DTD; defined by <acronym>MIL-STD-28001C</acronym>.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-gentity"><glossterm>general entity</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>general entities</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>entities</primary>
  <secondary>general</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>special characters, encoding as entities</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>internal general entities</primary></indexterm>

An entity referenced by a name that starts with an 
ampersand (&amp;) and ends with a semicolon. Most of the
time general entities are used in &SGML; documents, not in the &DTD;. 
There are two types, external and internal entities, and they 
refer either to special characters or to text objects 
like commonly repeated phrases or names or chapters.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-gi"><glossterm><acronym>GI</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>generic identifiers (GI)</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>GI (generic identifiers)</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>identifiers, generic</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
  <secondary>generic identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>names</primary>
  <secondary>elements (generic identifiers)</secondary></indexterm>

Generic identifier, proper term for the actual name of an element;
<literal>Para</literal> is the generic identifier of the <sgmltag
class="element">para</sgmltag> element.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-incl"><glossterm>inclusion</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>inclusions</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DTDs</primary>
  <secondary>inclusions</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
  <secondary>inclusions</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>nesting</primary>
  <secondary>elements</secondary></indexterm>

An inclusion is used in a &DTD; to indicate that, within the element on 
which the inclusion occurs, the included elements are valid anywhere
within the content of the element.
</para>
<para>
For example, in DocBook, <sgmltag>Chapter</sgmltag> includes <sgmltag>IndexTerm</sgmltag>.
This means that <sgmltag>IndexTerm</sgmltag>s can occur anywhere inside chapters,
even inside elements that do not have <sgmltag>IndexTerm</sgmltag>s in their
proper content models.
</para>
<para>
See <xref linkend="s-ms"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-intentity"><glossterm>internal entity</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>internal general entities</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>general entities</primary>
  <secondary>internal</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>entities</primary>
  <secondary>general</secondary></indexterm>

A general entity that references a piece of text (including
its markup and even other internal entities), usually as a
keyboard shortcut.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-intsub"><glossterm>internal subset</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>internal subset</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>document type declaration</primary>
  <secondary>internal subset</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>declarations</primary>
  <secondary>document type declaration</secondary></indexterm>

Element, attribute, and other declarations that compose
(part of) a document type definition that are stored in a document,
within the document type declaration.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-metainfo"><glossterm>meta-information</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>meta-information</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>documents</primary>
  <secondary>meta-information</secondary></indexterm>

Meta-information is information about a document, such as the 
specification of its author or its date of composition, as opposed 
to the content of a document itself.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-pentity"><glossterm>parameter entity</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>parameter entities</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DocBook DTD</primary>
  <secondary>customizing</secondary>
    <tertiary>parameter entities</tertiary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>customization (DocBook DTD)</primary>
  <secondary>parameter entities, using</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>marked sections</primary>
  <secondary>parameter entities, controlling</secondary></indexterm>

An entity usually referenced in the &DTD; by a name that 
starts with a percent sign (%) and ends with a semicolon. 
In DocBook, parameter entities are mainly used to facilitate 
customization of the &DTD;, but they can also be used to control
marked sections of a document.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-pi"><glossterm>processing instruction</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>processing instructions</primary></indexterm>

An essentially arbitrary string preceded by a question mark and
delimited by angle brackets that is intended to convey
information to an application that processes an &SGML; instance.
For example, the processing instruction <literal>&lt;?linebreak&gt;</literal>
might cause the formatter to introduce a line break at the position where
the processing instruction occurs.
</para>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
  <secondary>processing instructions</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>PI</primary><see>processing instructions</see></indexterm>

In &XML; documents, processing instructions should have the form:
<screen>
&lt;?<replaceable>pitarget</replaceable> param1="value1" param2="value2"?&gt;
</screen>
</para>
<para>
The <replaceable>pitarget</replaceable> should be a name that the processing application
will recognize. Additional information in the <acronym>PI</acronym> should be added using
<quote>attribute syntax.</quote>
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-pubid"><glossterm>public identifier</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>public identifiers</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>external general entities</primary>
  <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
  <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
  <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DTDs</primary>
  <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>

An abstract identifier for an &SGML; or &XML; document, &DTD;, or 
external entity.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-raw"><glossterm>raw</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>raw data</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>appearance</primary>
  <secondary>raw data</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>raw data</primary><seealso>cooked data</seealso></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>cooked data</primary><seealso>raw data</seealso></indexterm>

<quote>Raw</quote> data is just a collection of elements, with no additional
punctation or information about presentation. To continue the cooking
metaphor, raw data is just a set of ingredients. It's up to the processor
to select appropriate elements, arrange them for display, and add
required presentational information.
</para>
<glossseealso>Cooked</glossseealso>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-sgml"><glossterm>&SGML;</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>SGML</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ISO standards</primary>
  <secondary>SGML</secondary></indexterm>

Standard Generalized Markup Language, an international standard (<acronym>ISO</acronym> 8879) that specifies 
the rules for the creation of platform-independent markup languages for electronic texts.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-stylesheet"><glossterm>stylesheet</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>stylesheets</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>appearance</primary>
  <secondary>stylesheets</secondary></indexterm>

A file that specifies the presentation or appearance of a document;
there are several standards for such stylesheets, including
<acronym>CSS</acronym>, <acronym>FOSI</acronym>s, <acronym>DSSSL</acronym>, and, most recently, <acronym>XSL</acronym>. Vendors often have proprietary
stylesheet formats as well.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-sysid"><glossterm>system identifier</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>system identifiers</primary>
  <secondary>SGML</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
  <secondary>system identifiers</secondary></indexterm>

In &SGML;, a local, system-dependent identifier for a document,
&DTD;, or external entity. Usually a filename on the local system.</para>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>system identifiers</primary>
  <secondary>XML</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>URI</primary>
  <secondary>XML system identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
  <secondary>system identifiers</secondary></indexterm>

In &XML;, a system identifer is required to be a <acronym>URI</acronym>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-tag"><glossterm>tag</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>tags</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
  <secondary>tags</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>angle brackets</primary>
  <secondary>SGML tags</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
  <secondary>tags</secondary></indexterm>

An &SGML; element name enclosed in angle brackets
(&lt;&gt;), used to mark up the semantics or structure of a
document. <sgmltag class="starttag">Para</sgmltag> is a tag in DocBook
used to mark the beginning of a paragraph.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-uri"><glossterm><acronym>URI</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>URI</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Internet names and addresses</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>addresses, Internet syntax</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>names</primary>
  <secondary>Internet, syntax</secondary></indexterm>

Uniform Resource Identifier, the <acronym>W3C</acronym>'s codification of the name and 
address syntax of present and future objects on the Internet. In its most basic 
form, a <acronym>URI</acronym> consists of a scheme name (such as file, http, ftp, news, mailto, 
gopher) followed by a colon, followed by a path whose nature is determined 
by the scheme that precedes it (see <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1630). 
</para>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>URN</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>URL</primary></indexterm>

<acronym>URI</acronym> is the umbrella term for <acronym>URN</acronym>s, <acronym>URL</acronym>s, and all other Uniform Resource
Identifiers.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-url"><glossterm><acronym>URL</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>Uniform Resource Locator, a name and address for an existing object
accessible over the Internet. <literal>http://www.docbook.org</literal>
is an example of a <acronym>URL</acronym> (see <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1738).</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-urn"><glossterm><acronym>URN</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>Uniform Resource Name, the result of an evolving attempt to
define a name and address syntax for <emphasis>persistent</emphasis>
objects accessible over the Internet; <literal>urn:foo:a123,456</literal>
is a legal <acronym>URN</acronym> consisting of three colon-separated fields: 
<literal>urn</literal> 
followed by a namespace identifier, followed by a namespace specifier
(see <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1737 and <acronym>RFC</acronym> 2141 for details).</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-w3c"><glossterm><acronym>W3C</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</primary></indexterm>

The World Wide Web Consortium (<ulink url="http://www.w3.org/">http://www.w3.org/</ulink>).</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-wrapper"><glossterm>wrapper</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>wrappers</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>meta-information</primary>
  <secondary>wrappers</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
  <secondary>wrappers</secondary></indexterm>

Some elements, such as <sgmltag>Chapter</sgmltag>, have important semantic
significance.  Other elements serve no obvious purpose except to contain
a number of other elements. For example, <sgmltag>BookInfo</sgmltag> has no
important semantics; it merely serves as a container for the meta-information
about a book.  Elements that are just containers are sometimes called
<quote>wrappers.</quote> 
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-xml"><glossterm>&XML;</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>XML</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
  <secondary>XML and</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Extensible Markup Language</primary><see>XML</see></indexterm>

The <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Extensible Markup Language</ulink>, a subset of &SGML; 
designed specifically for use over the Web.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gloss-xsl"><glossterm><acronym>XSL</acronym></glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>XSL</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
  <secondary>XSL stylesheets</secondary></indexterm>
&XML; Style Language, an evolving language for stylesheets 
to be attached to &XML; documents. The stylesheet is itself an &XML;
document.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
</glossary>