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/*
Copyright (c) 2009-2018 David Anderson. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
or without modification, are permitted provided that the
following conditions are met:
(1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
(2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
other materials provided with the distribution.
(3)The name of the author may not be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* simplereader.c
This is an example of code reading dwarf .debug_frame.
It is kept as simple as possible to expose essential features.
It does not do all possible error reporting or error handling.
It specifically calls dwarf_expand_frame_instructions()
to verify that works without crashing!
To use, try
make
./frame1 frame1
gcc/clang may produce .eh_frame without .debug_frame.
To read .eh_frame call dwarf_get_fde_list_eh()
below instead of dwarf_get_fde_list() .
*/
#include "config.h"
/* Windows specific header files */
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(HAVE_STDAFX_H)
#include "stdafx.h"
#endif /* HAVE_STDAFX_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
#include <sys/types.h> /* For open() */
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#include <sys/stat.h> /* For open() */
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_STAT_H */
#include <fcntl.h> /* For open() */
#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h> /* for exit(), C89 malloc */
#endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
/* Useful include for some Windows compilers. */
#include <malloc.h>
#endif /* HAVE_MALLOC_H */
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h> /* For close() */
#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <io.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h> /* For uintptr_t */
#endif /* HAVE_STDINT_H */
#ifdef _O_BINARY
/* This is for a Windows environment */
#define O_BINARY _O_BINARY
#else
# ifndef O_BINARY
# define O_BINARY 0 /* So it does nothing in Linux/Unix */
# endif
#endif /* O_BINARY */
#include <string.h> /* For strcmp* */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "dwarf.h"
#include "libdwarf.h"
static void read_frame_data(Dwarf_Debug dbg,const char *sec);
static void print_fde_instrs(Dwarf_Debug dbg, Dwarf_Fde fde,
Dwarf_Error *error);
static void print_regtable(Dwarf_Regtable3 *tab3);
static void print_cie_instrs(Dwarf_Cie cie,Dwarf_Error *error);
static void print_fde_selected_regs( Dwarf_Fde fde);
static void print_reg(int r);
static int just_print_selected_regs = 0;
/* Depending on the ABI we set INITIAL_VAL
differently. For ia64 initial value is
UNDEF_VAL, for MIPS and others initial
value is SAME_VAL.
Here we'll set it UNDEF_VAL
as that way we'll see when first set. */
#define UNDEF_VAL 2000
#define SAME_VAL 2001
#define CFA_VAL 2002
#define INITIAL_VAL UNDEF_VAL
/* Don't really want getopt here. yet.
so hand do options. */
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
Dwarf_Debug dbg = 0;
int fd = -1;
const char *filepath = "<stdin>";
int res = DW_DLV_ERROR;
Dwarf_Error error;
Dwarf_Handler errhand = 0;
Dwarf_Ptr errarg = 0;
int regtabrulecount = 0;
int curopt = 0;
for(curopt = 1;curopt < argc; ++curopt) {
if (strncmp(argv[curopt],"--",2)) {
break;
}
if (!strcmp(argv[curopt],"--just-print-selected-regs")) {
just_print_selected_regs++;
}
}
if(curopt == argc ) {
fd = 0; /* stdin */
} else if (curopt == (argc-1)) {
filepath = argv[curopt];
fd = open(filepath,O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
} else {
printf("Too many args, giving up. \n");
exit(1);
}
if(fd < 0) {
printf("Failure attempting to open %s\n",filepath);
}
res = dwarf_init_b(fd,DW_DLC_READ,DW_GROUPNUMBER_ANY,
errhand,errarg, &dbg,&error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("Giving up, dwarf_init failed, "
"cannot do DWARF processing\n");
if (res == DW_DLV_ERROR) {
printf("Error code %s\n",dwarf_errmsg(error));
}
exit(1);
}
/* Do this setting after init before any real operations.
These return the old values, but here we do not
need to know the old values. The sizes and
values here are higher than most ABIs and entirely
arbitrary.
The setting of initial_value to
the same as undefined-value (the other possible choice being
same-value) is arbitrary, different ABIs do differ, and
you have to know which is right.
In dwarfdump we get the SAME_VAL, UNDEF_VAL,
INITIAL_VAL CFA_VAL from dwconf_s struct. */
regtabrulecount=1999;
dwarf_set_frame_undefined_value(dbg, UNDEF_VAL);
dwarf_set_frame_rule_initial_value(dbg, INITIAL_VAL);
dwarf_set_frame_same_value(dbg,SAME_VAL);
dwarf_set_frame_cfa_value(dbg,CFA_VAL);
dwarf_set_frame_rule_table_size(dbg,regtabrulecount);
read_frame_data(dbg,".debug_frame");
read_frame_data(dbg,".eh_frame");
res = dwarf_finish(dbg,&error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("dwarf_finish failed!\n");
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
static void
read_frame_data(Dwarf_Debug dbg,const char *sect)
{
Dwarf_Error error;
Dwarf_Signed cie_element_count = 0;
Dwarf_Signed fde_element_count = 0;
Dwarf_Cie *cie_data = 0;
Dwarf_Fde *fde_data = 0;
int res = DW_DLV_ERROR;
Dwarf_Signed fdenum = 0;
/* If you wish to read .eh_frame data, use
dwarf_get_fde_list_eh() instead.
Get debug_frame with dwarf_get_fde_list. */
printf(" Print %s\n",sect);
if (!strcmp(sect,".eh_frame"))
{
res = dwarf_get_fde_list_eh(dbg,&cie_data,&cie_element_count,
&fde_data,&fde_element_count,&error);
} else {
res = dwarf_get_fde_list(dbg,&cie_data,&cie_element_count,
&fde_data,&fde_element_count,&error);
}
if(res == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY) {
printf("No %s data present\n",sect);
return;
}
if( res == DW_DLV_ERROR) {
printf("Error reading frame data ");
exit(1);
}
printf( "%" DW_PR_DSd " cies present. "
"%" DW_PR_DSd " fdes present. \n",
cie_element_count,fde_element_count);
/*if(fdenum >= fde_element_count) {
printf("Want fde %d but only %" DW_PR_DSd " present\n",fdenum,
fde_element_count);
exit(1);
}*/
for(fdenum = 0; fdenum < fde_element_count; ++fdenum) {
Dwarf_Cie cie = 0;
res = dwarf_get_cie_of_fde(fde_data[fdenum],&cie,&error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("Error accessing cie of fdenum %" DW_PR_DSd
" to get its cie\n",fdenum);
exit(1);
}
printf("Print cie of fde %" DW_PR_DSd "\n",fdenum);
print_cie_instrs(cie,&error);
printf("Print fde %" DW_PR_DSd "\n",fdenum);
if (just_print_selected_regs) {
print_fde_selected_regs(fde_data[fdenum]);
} else {
print_fde_instrs(dbg,fde_data[fdenum],&error);
}
}
/* Done with the data. */
dwarf_fde_cie_list_dealloc(dbg,cie_data,cie_element_count,
fde_data, fde_element_count);
return;
}
/* Simply shows the instructions at hand for this fde. */
static void
print_cie_instrs(Dwarf_Cie cie,Dwarf_Error *error)
{
int res = DW_DLV_ERROR;
Dwarf_Unsigned bytes_in_cie = 0;
Dwarf_Small version = 0;
char *augmentation = 0;
Dwarf_Unsigned code_alignment_factor = 0;
Dwarf_Signed data_alignment_factor = 0;
Dwarf_Half return_address_register_rule = 0;
Dwarf_Ptr instrp = 0;
Dwarf_Unsigned instr_len = 0;
res = dwarf_get_cie_info(cie,&bytes_in_cie,
&version, &augmentation, &code_alignment_factor,
&data_alignment_factor, &return_address_register_rule,
&instrp,&instr_len,error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("Unable to get cie info!\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* This was written with DWARF2 Dwarf_Frame_Op!
FIXME need dwarf_expand_frame_instructions_b() */
static void
print_frame_instrs(Dwarf_Frame_Op *frame_op_array,
Dwarf_Signed frame_op_count)
{
Dwarf_Signed i = 0;
printf("Base op. Ext op. Reg. Offset. Instr-offset.\n");
for(i = 0; i < frame_op_count; ++i) {
Dwarf_Frame_Op *fo = frame_op_array +i;
printf("[%2" DW_PR_DSd "]", i);
printf(" %2d. ", fo->fp_base_op);
printf(" 0x%02x. ", fo->fp_extended_op);
printf(" %3d. ", fo->fp_register);
/* DWARF3 and later:
for DW_CFA_def_cfa_expression,
DW_CFA_val_expression, and
DW_CFA_expression the fp_offset is a pointer
into runtime memory. Printing it is not helpful
in a diff. */
if (fo->fp_extended_op == DW_CFA_def_cfa ||
fo->fp_extended_op == DW_CFA_val_expression ||
fo->fp_extended_op == DW_CFA_def_cfa_expression ) {
/* The offset is really a pointer. */
printf(" (pointer-value) ");
} else {
/* The offset is a real offset /value of some sort. */
printf(" %6" DW_PR_DSd ". ", fo->fp_offset);
}
printf(" 0x%08" DW_PR_DUx ". ", fo->fp_instr_offset);
printf("\n");
}
}
static void
print_fde_col(Dwarf_Signed k,
Dwarf_Addr jsave,
Dwarf_Small value_type,
Dwarf_Signed offset_relevant,
Dwarf_Signed reg_used,
Dwarf_Signed offset_or_block_len,
Dwarf_Ptr block_ptr,
Dwarf_Addr row_pc,
Dwarf_Bool has_more_rows,
Dwarf_Addr subsequent_pc)
{
char *type_title = "";
Dwarf_Unsigned rule_id = k;
printf(" pc=0x%" DW_PR_DUx ,jsave);
if (row_pc != jsave) {
printf(" row_pc=0x%" DW_PR_DUx ,row_pc);
}
printf(" col=%" DW_PR_DSd " ",k);
switch(value_type) {
case DW_EXPR_OFFSET:
type_title = "off";
goto preg2;
case DW_EXPR_VAL_OFFSET:
type_title = "valoff";
preg2:
printf("<%s ", type_title);
if (reg_used == SAME_VAL) {
printf(" SAME_VAL");
break;
} else if (reg_used == INITIAL_VAL) {
printf(" INITIAL_VAL");
break;
}
print_reg(rule_id);
printf("=");
if (offset_relevant == 0) {
print_reg(reg_used);
printf(" ");
} else {
printf("%02" DW_PR_DSd , offset_or_block_len);
printf("(");
print_reg(reg_used);
printf(") ");
}
break;
case DW_EXPR_EXPRESSION:
type_title = "expr";
goto pexp2;
case DW_EXPR_VAL_EXPRESSION:
type_title = "valexpr";
pexp2:
printf("<%s ", type_title);
print_reg(rule_id);
printf("=");
printf("expr-block-len=%" DW_PR_DSd , offset_or_block_len);
printf(" block-ptr=%" DW_PR_DUx,
(Dwarf_Unsigned)(uintptr_t)block_ptr);
#if 0
{
char pref[40];
strcpy(pref, "<");
strcat(pref, type_title);
strcat(pref, "bytes:");
/* The data being dumped comes direct from
libdwarf so libdwarf validated it. */
dump_block(pref, block_ptr, offset_or_block_len);
printf("%s", "> ");
if (glflags.verbose) {
struct esb_s exprstring;
esb_constructor(&exprstring);
get_string_from_locs(dbg,
block_ptr,offset,addr_size,
offset_size,version,&exprstring);
printf("<expr:%s>",esb_get_string(&exprstring));
esb_destructor(&exprstring);
}
}
#endif
break;
default:
printf("Internal error in libdwarf, value type %d\n",
value_type);
exit(1);
}
printf(" more=%d",has_more_rows);
printf(" next=0x%" DW_PR_DUx,subsequent_pc);
printf("%s", "> ");
printf("\n");
}
/* In dwarfdump we use
dwarf_get_fde_info_for_cfa_reg3_b() to get subsequent pc
and avoid incrementing pc by for the next cfa,
using has_more_rows and subsequent_pc passed back.
Here, to verify function added in May 2018,
we instead use dwarf_get_fde_info_for_reg3_b()
which has the has_more_rows and subsequent_pc functions
for the case where one is tracking a particular register
and not closely watching the CFA value itself. */
static void
print_fde_selected_regs( Dwarf_Fde fde)
{
Dwarf_Error oneferr = 0;
/* Arbitrary column numbers for testing. */
static int selected_cols[] = {1,3,5};
static int selected_cols_count =
sizeof(selected_cols)/sizeof(selected_cols[0]);
Dwarf_Signed k = 0;
int fres = 0;
Dwarf_Addr low_pc = 0;
Dwarf_Unsigned func_length = 0;
Dwarf_Ptr fde_bytes = NULL;
Dwarf_Unsigned fde_bytes_length = 0;
Dwarf_Off cie_offset = 0;
Dwarf_Signed cie_index = 0;
Dwarf_Off fde_offset = 0;
Dwarf_Fde curfde = fde;
Dwarf_Cie cie = 0;
Dwarf_Addr jsave = 0;
Dwarf_Addr high_addr = 0;
Dwarf_Addr next_jsave = 0;
Dwarf_Bool has_more_rows = 0;
Dwarf_Addr subsequent_pc = 0;
Dwarf_Error error = 0;
int res = 0;
fres = dwarf_get_fde_range(curfde,
&low_pc, &func_length,
&fde_bytes,
&fde_bytes_length,
&cie_offset, &cie_index,
&fde_offset, &oneferr);
if (fres == DW_DLV_ERROR) {
printf("FAIL: dwarf_get_fde_range err %" DW_PR_DUu
" line %d\n",
dwarf_errno(oneferr),__LINE__);
exit(1);
}
if (fres == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY) {
printf("No fde range data available\n");
return;
}
res = dwarf_get_cie_of_fde(fde,&cie,&error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("Error getting cie from fde\n");
exit(1);
}
high_addr = low_pc + func_length;
/* Could check has_more_rows here instead of high_addr,
If we initialized has_more_rows to 1 above. */
for(jsave = low_pc ; next_jsave < high_addr; jsave = next_jsave) {
next_jsave = jsave+1;
printf("\n");
for(k = 0; k < selected_cols_count ; ++k ) {
Dwarf_Signed reg = 0;
Dwarf_Signed offset_relevant = 0;
int fires = 0;
Dwarf_Small value_type = 0;
Dwarf_Ptr block_ptr = 0;
Dwarf_Signed offset_or_block_len = 0;
Dwarf_Addr row_pc = 0;
fires = dwarf_get_fde_info_for_reg3_b(curfde,
selected_cols[k],
jsave,
&value_type,
&offset_relevant,
®,
&offset_or_block_len,
&block_ptr,
&row_pc,
&has_more_rows,
&subsequent_pc,
&oneferr);
if (fires == DW_DLV_ERROR) {
printf("FAIL: reading reg err %" DW_PR_DUu " line %d",
dwarf_errno(oneferr),__LINE__);
exit(1);
}
if (fires == DW_DLV_NO_ENTRY) {
continue;
}
print_fde_col(
selected_cols[k],jsave,
value_type,offset_relevant,
reg,offset_or_block_len,block_ptr,row_pc,
has_more_rows, subsequent_pc);
if (has_more_rows) {
next_jsave = subsequent_pc;
} else {
next_jsave = high_addr;
}
}
}
}
/* Just prints the instructions in the fde. */
static void
print_fde_instrs(Dwarf_Debug dbg,
Dwarf_Fde fde, Dwarf_Error *error)
{
int res;
Dwarf_Addr lowpc = 0;
Dwarf_Unsigned func_length = 0;
Dwarf_Ptr fde_bytes;
Dwarf_Unsigned fde_byte_length = 0;
Dwarf_Off cie_offset = 0;
Dwarf_Signed cie_index = 0;
Dwarf_Off fde_offset = 0;
Dwarf_Addr arbitrary_addr = 0;
Dwarf_Addr actual_pc = 0;
Dwarf_Regtable3 tab3;
int oldrulecount = 0;
Dwarf_Ptr outinstrs = 0;
Dwarf_Unsigned instrslen = 0;
Dwarf_Frame_Op * frame_op_array = 0;
Dwarf_Signed frame_op_count = 0;
Dwarf_Cie cie = 0;
res = dwarf_get_fde_range(fde,&lowpc,&func_length,&fde_bytes,
&fde_byte_length,&cie_offset,&cie_index,&fde_offset,error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("Problem getting fde range \n");
exit(1);
}
arbitrary_addr = lowpc + (func_length/2);
printf("function low pc 0x%" DW_PR_DUx
" and length 0x%" DW_PR_DUx
" and midpoint addr we choose 0x%" DW_PR_DUx
"\n",
lowpc,func_length,arbitrary_addr);
/* 1 is arbitrary. We are winding up getting the
rule count here while leaving things unchanged. */
oldrulecount = dwarf_set_frame_rule_table_size(dbg,1);
dwarf_set_frame_rule_table_size(dbg,oldrulecount);
tab3.rt3_reg_table_size = oldrulecount;
tab3.rt3_rules = (struct Dwarf_Regtable_Entry3_s *) malloc(
sizeof(struct Dwarf_Regtable_Entry3_s)* oldrulecount);
if (!tab3.rt3_rules) {
printf("Unable to malloc for %d rules\n",oldrulecount);
exit(1);
}
res = dwarf_get_fde_info_for_all_regs3(fde,arbitrary_addr ,
&tab3,&actual_pc,error);
printf("function actual addr of row 0x%" DW_PR_DUx "\n",
actual_pc);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("dwarf_get_fde_info_for_all_regs3 failed!\n");
exit(1);
}
print_regtable(&tab3);
res = dwarf_get_fde_instr_bytes(fde,&outinstrs,&instrslen,error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("dwarf_get_fde_instr_bytes failed!\n");
exit(1);
}
res = dwarf_get_cie_of_fde(fde,&cie,error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("Error getting cie from fde\n");
exit(1);
}
res = dwarf_expand_frame_instructions(cie,
outinstrs,instrslen,&frame_op_array,
&frame_op_count,error);
if(res != DW_DLV_OK) {
printf("dwarf_expand_frame_instructions failed!\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("Frame op count: %" DW_PR_DUu "\n",frame_op_count);
print_frame_instrs(frame_op_array,frame_op_count);
dwarf_dealloc(dbg,frame_op_array, DW_DLA_FRAME_BLOCK);
free(tab3.rt3_rules);
}
static void
print_reg(int r)
{
switch(r) {
case SAME_VAL:
printf(" %d SAME_VAL ",r);
break;
case UNDEF_VAL:
printf(" %d UNDEF_VAL ",r);
break;
case CFA_VAL:
printf(" %d (CFA) ",r);
break;
default:
printf(" r%d ",r);
break;
}
}
static void
print_one_regentry(const char *prefix,
struct Dwarf_Regtable_Entry3_s *entry)
{
int is_cfa = !strcmp("cfa",prefix);
printf("%s ",prefix);
printf("type: %d %s ",
entry->dw_value_type,
(entry->dw_value_type == DW_EXPR_OFFSET)? "DW_EXPR_OFFSET":
(entry->dw_value_type == DW_EXPR_VAL_OFFSET)?
"DW_EXPR_VAL_OFFSET":
(entry->dw_value_type == DW_EXPR_EXPRESSION)?
"DW_EXPR_EXPRESSION":
(entry->dw_value_type == DW_EXPR_VAL_EXPRESSION)?
"DW_EXPR_VAL_EXPRESSION":
"Unknown");
switch(entry->dw_value_type) {
case DW_EXPR_OFFSET:
print_reg(entry->dw_regnum);
printf(" offset_rel? %d ",entry->dw_offset_relevant);
if(entry->dw_offset_relevant) {
printf(" offset %" DW_PR_DSd " " ,
entry->dw_offset_or_block_len);
if(is_cfa) {
printf("defines cfa value");
} else {
printf("address of value is CFA plus signed offset");
}
if(!is_cfa && entry->dw_regnum != CFA_VAL) {
printf(" compiler botch, regnum != CFA_VAL");
}
} else {
printf("value in register");
}
break;
case DW_EXPR_VAL_OFFSET:
print_reg(entry->dw_regnum);
printf(" offset %" DW_PR_DSd " " ,
entry->dw_offset_or_block_len);
if(is_cfa) {
printf("does this make sense? No?");
} else {
printf("value at CFA plus signed offset");
}
if(!is_cfa && entry->dw_regnum != CFA_VAL) {
printf(" compiler botch, regnum != CFA_VAL");
}
break;
case DW_EXPR_EXPRESSION:
print_reg(entry->dw_regnum);
printf(" offset_rel? %d ",entry->dw_offset_relevant);
printf(" offset %" DW_PR_DSd " " ,
entry->dw_offset_or_block_len);
printf("Block ptr set? %s ",entry->dw_block_ptr?"yes":"no");
printf(" Value is at address given by expr val ");
/* printf(" block-ptr 0x%" DW_PR_DUx " ",
(Dwarf_Unsigned)entry->dw_block_ptr); */
break;
case DW_EXPR_VAL_EXPRESSION:
printf(" expression byte len %" DW_PR_DSd " " ,
entry->dw_offset_or_block_len);
printf("Block ptr set? %s ",entry->dw_block_ptr?"yes":"no");
printf(" Value is expr val ");
if(!entry->dw_block_ptr) {
printf("Compiler botch. ");
}
/* printf(" block-ptr 0x%" DW_PR_DUx " ",
(Dwarf_Unsigned)entry->dw_block_ptr); */
break;
}
printf("\n");
}
static void
print_regtable(Dwarf_Regtable3 *tab3)
{
int r;
/* We won't print too much. A bit arbitrary. */
int max = 10;
if(max > tab3->rt3_reg_table_size) {
max = tab3->rt3_reg_table_size;
}
print_one_regentry("cfa",&tab3->rt3_cfa_rule);
for(r = 0; r < max; r++) {
char rn[30];
snprintf(rn,sizeof(rn),"reg %d",r);
print_one_regentry(rn,tab3->rt3_rules+r);
}
}
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