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function Q = SRestrictRWZalg(A0hatinv,Bhat,nvar,lags,irs)
% Rubio-Waggoner-Zha (RWZ) method of sign restrictions. For related methods, see Canova, Faust, and Uhlig.
% The detailed theoretical foundation of this algorithm can be found in Theorem 3 of Rubio, Waggoner, and Zha (RWZ)'s article "Regime Changes in the Euro Area."
% Other M functions called by this function can be downloaded by clicking on Archived Matlab Library ZhaZippedCode on http://home.earthlink.net/~tzha02/programCode.html
% Strcutural VAR form: Y*A0hat = X*Aphat + E, X where Y is T-by-nvar, A0hat is nvar-by-nvar, X is T-by-k (including the constant term and all other exogenous terms),
% Aphat is k-by-nvar, and E is T-by-nvar. Rows are in the order of 1st lag (with nvar variables) to lags (with nvar variables) plus the exogenous terms.
% Note that columns of A0hat or Aphat correspond to equations.
% Inputs:
% A0hatinv = inv(A0hat).
% Bhat = Aphat*inv(A0hat).
% nvar = number of endogenous variables.
% lags = lag length.
% irs = maximum number of periods in which sign restrictions are imposed.
% Outputs:
% Q: orthogonal rotation matrix so that Q*A0hatinv or A0hat*Q' gives impulse responses that will satisfy
% sign restrictions of Canova, Faust, and Uhlig.
%
% Modified Nov 2004 by T. Zha to
% (1) correct the existing bugs;
% (2) make the signs explicit to avoid the normalization problem when computing error bands;
% (3) construct efficient way (i.e., earlier exit) to make all restrictions satisfied;
% (4) construct efficient way to normalize.
% In this example, we have
% Variables are in the following order: 1: y; 2: P; 3: R; 4: M3; 5: Exec (per $).
% Shocks are in the following order: 1: AS; 2: AD; 3: MP; 4: MD; 5: Exec.
%
%
% Copyright (C) 1997-2012 Juan Rubio-Ramirez, Daniel Waggoner and Tao Zha
%
% This free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
%
% If you did not received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% with this software, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
%
nn = [nvar lags irs];
control=0;
Q=eye(nvar);
while control==0
newmatrix=normrnd(0,1,nvar,nvar);
[Q,R]=qr(newmatrix);
for i=1:nvar;
if R(i,i)<0
Q(:,i)=-Q(:,i);
end
end
imfhat = fn_impulse(Bhat,Q*A0hatinv,nn);
%In the form that is congenial to RATS
imf3hat=reshape(imfhat,size(imfhat,1),nvar,nvar);
%imf3hat: row--steps, column--nvar responses, 3rd dimension--nvar shocks
%=== Responses to a moneaty policy (MP) shock.
% R>0, M<0, y<0, and P<0 for the irs periods.
a = (imf3hat(1:irs,3,3) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,4,3) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,1,3) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,2,3) < 0);
if (max(a)==0)
%--- Swiching the sign of the shock.
am = (imf3hat(1:irs,3,3) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,4,3) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,1,3) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,2,3) > 0);
if (min(am)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
else
%--- Normalizing according to the switched sign.
Q(3,:) = -Q(3,:);
end
elseif (min(a)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
end
%--- R>0 and M<0 for the irs periods.
% a = (imf3hat(1:irs,3,3) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,4,3) < 0);
% if (max(a)==0)
% %--- Swiching the sign of the shock.
% am = (imf3hat(1:irs,3,3) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,4,3) > 0);
% if (min(am)==0)
% continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
% else
% %--- Normalizing according to the switched sign.
% Q(3,:) = -Q(3,:);
% end
% elseif (min(a)==0)
% continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
% end
%=== Responses to an money demand (MD) shock.
% R>0 and M>0 for the irs periods.
a = (imf3hat(1:irs,3,4) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,4,4) > 0);
if (max(a)==0)
%--- Swiching the sign of the shock and normalize.
am = (imf3hat(1:irs,3,4) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,4,4) < 0);
if (min(am)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
else
%--- Normalizing according to the switched sign.
Q(4,:) = -Q(4,:);
end
elseif (min(a)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
end
%=== Responses to an aggregate demand (AD) shock.
% P>0 and y>0 for the irs periods.
a = (imf3hat(1:irs,1,2) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,2,2) > 0);
if (max(a)==0)
%--- Swiching the sign of the shock and normalize.
am = (imf3hat(1:irs,1,2) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,2,2) < 0);
if (min(am)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
else
%--- Normalizing according to the switched sign.
Q(2,:) = -Q(2,:);
end
elseif (min(a)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
end
%=== Responses to an aggregate supply (AS) shock.
% P>0 and y<0 for the irs periods.
a = (imf3hat(1:irs,1,1) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,2,1) > 0);
if (max(a)==0)
%--- Swiching the sign of the shock and normalize.
am = (imf3hat(1:irs,1,1) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,2,1) < 0);
if (min(am)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
else
%--- Normalizing according to the switched sign.
Q(1,:) = -Q(1,:);
end
elseif (min(a)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
end
%=== Responses to an exchange-rate shock (depreciation ==> exports >0 ==> y>0);
% Ex>0 and y>0 for the irs periods.
a= (imf3hat(1:irs,1,5) > 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,5,5) > 0);
if (max(a)==0)
%--- Swiching the sign of the shock and normalize.
am = (imf3hat(1:irs,1,5) < 0) .* (imf3hat(1:irs,5,5) < 0);
if (min(am)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
else
%--- Normalizing according to the switched sign.
Q(5,:) = -Q(5,:);
end
elseif (min(a)==0)
continue; %The restrictions are not satisfied. Go the beginning to redraw.
end
%--- Terminating condition: all restrictions are satisfied.
control=1;
end
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