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<h1>EDFbrowser 2.12 manual</h1>
<p><br></p>
<div>
<a name="Table_of_Contents"></a>Table of Contents:<br>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Filemenu">Filemenu</a></li>
<li><a href="#Streaming">Streaming mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#Video">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="#Signalsmenu">Signalsmenu</a></li>
<li><a href="#Timescalemenu">Timescalemenu</a></li>
<li><a href="#Amplitudemenu">Amplitudemenu</a></li>
<li><a href="#Signallabel">Signallabel</a></li>
<li><a href="#Alias">Alias</a></li>
<li><a href="#ECG_view_mode">ECG view mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#Signaldialog">Signaldialog</a></li>
<li><a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties</a></li>
<li><a href="#Adjusting_the_position_and_size_of_the_signals">Adjusting the position and size of the signals</a></li>
<li><a href="#Organize_signals">Organize signals</a></li>
<li><a href="#Signal_layout">Signal layout</a></li>
<li><a href="#Navigation">Navigation</a></li>
<li><a href="#Annotations">Annotations</a></li>
<li><a href="#Annotations_Filter">Annotations Filter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Annotation_editor">Annotation editor</a></li>
<li><a href="#Filters">Filters</a></li>
<li><a href="#Adjust_filters">Adjust filters</a></li>
<li><a href="#Powerspectrum">Powerspectrum</a></li>
<li><a href="#CDSA">Color Density Spectral Array</a></li>
<li><a href="#Hypnogram">Hypnogram</a></li>
<li><a href="#aEEG">aEEG</a></li>
<li><a href="#Averaging_EP">Averaging (evoked potentials, heart beats or other triggers)</a></li>
<li><a href="#ECG_PLIF_filter">ECG powerline interference subtraction filter</a></li>
<li><a href="#EEG_PLIF_filter">EEG powerline interference subtraction filter</a></li>
<li><a href="#ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a></li>
<li><a href="#HR_statistics">Heart Rate statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="#Export_Import_ECG_RR_interval">Export/Import ECG RR-interval</a></li>
<li><a href="#Custom_fir_filter">Custom FIR filter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Spike_filter">Spike filter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Zoomfunction">Zoomfunction</a></li>
<li><a href="#Floatingruler">Floating ruler</a></li>
<li><a href="#Crosshairs">Crosshairs</a></li>
<li><a href="#Statistics">Statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="#Montages">Montages</a></li>
<li><a href="#Keyboard_bindings_for_montages">Keyboard bindings for montages</a></li>
<li><a href="#Sessions">Sessions</a></li>
<li><a href="#Colors">Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="#Calibration">Calibration</a></li>
<li><a href="#Timelock">Timelock / File synchronisation</a></li>
<li><a href="#File_Info">File info / header / properties</a></li>
<li><a href="#Header_editor">Header editor</a></li>
<li><a href="#EDFBDF_to_ASCII_format_converter">EDF(+)/BDF(+) to ASCII (CSV) format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Reduce_signals">Reduce signals, duration and/or samplerate</a></li>
<li><a href="#Export_filtered_signals">Export filtered signals</a></li>
<li><a href="#Export_annotations">Export annotations/events</a></li>
<li><a href="#Import_annotations">Import annotations/events</a></li>
<li><a href="#Z_EEG">Z-EEG</a></li>
<li><a href="#ASCII_to_EDF_converter">ASCII (CSV) to EDF/BDF format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Nihon_Kohden_to_EDF_format_converter">Nihon Kohden to EDF(+) format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#UNISENS_TO_EDFPLUS">Unisens to EDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#SCP_ECG_to_EDFplus">SCP ECG to EDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#MIT_to_EDFplus">MIT (PhysioBank)to EDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Manscan_to_EDFplus">Manscan to EDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Biosemi_to_BDFplus">Biosemi to BDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Fino_to_EDF">Finometer to EDF format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Wave_to_EDF">Wave to EDF format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#FMaudio_to_EDF">FM Audio ECG to EDF format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Nexfin_to_EDF">Nexfin to EDF format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Emsa_to_EDF">Emsa to EDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#Cardiotrak_to_EDF">CardioTrak EDF to EDF+ format converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#edfd_to_edfc">EDF+D to EDF+C converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#bdf2edfconverter">BDF(+) to EDF(+) converter</a></li>
<li><a href="#EDF_and_BDF_compatibility_checker">EDF(+) and BDF(+) compatibility checker</a></li>
<li><a href="#Binary_to_EDF">Binary/raw to EDF</a></li>
<li><a href="#Print_to_PDF">Print to PDF</a></li>
<li><a href="#Print_to_IMG">Print to image</a></li>
<li><a href="#Print_to_EDF">Print to EDF(+)</a></li>
<li><a href="#Print_to_BDF">Print to BDF(+)</a></li>
<li><a href="#Unify_resolution">Unify resolution</a></li>
<li><a href="#Commandline_options">Commandline options</a></li>
<li><a href="#Remote_control">Remote control</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ">FAQ</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<h3><a name="Filemenu"></a>Filemenu</h3>
<p>
Use the Filemenu to open or close a file. After the file has been opened,<br>
the <a href="#Signaldialog">signaldialog</a> will appear.<br>
You can also use "drag and drop" to open a file.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Streaming"></a>Streaming mode</h3>
<p>
Use the Filemenu to open a stream. The stream must be a "growing" file.<br>
This mode is used when you have an acquisitionprogram running that writes EDF or BDF.<br>
While the acquisitionprogram writes the data to the file, you can use EDFbrowser to watch<br>
(follow) the actual data. EDFbrowser will regularly check the actual filesize and display the<br>
last part of the file i.e. the most actual/recent data.<br>
The default intervaltime between the updates is 500 milliSeconds and can be changed in the settingsmenu.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Video"></a>Video</h3>
<p>
In order for EDFbrowser to be able to start a video, the <a href="https://www.videolan.org/">VLC mediaplayer</a> must be installed on your system.<br>
On windows: make sure VLC is installed in: C:\Program Files\VideoLAN\VLC\ or C:\Program Files (x86)\VideoLAN\VLC\<br><br>
Open an EDF or BDF file and select/setup your montage as usual. Then press Ctrl-Shift-v (or go to File -> Start video)<br>
to select a video. After the video has started, you can use the slider on the bottom to change the file position or<br>
use page-up/page-down.<br><br>
Also, the startdate and starttime needs to be set in the filename of the video (for synchronization).<br>
The following text is copied from <a href="https://www.edfplus.info/specs/video.html">https://www.edfplus.info/specs/video.html</a> :<br><br>
<i>
Video filenames of the same patient must start with the same patient identification,<br>
followed by the start-date and -time of the video, as follows:<br>
NL_012348168_03-MAY-2013_14h45m49.013s_Video.ogv<br>
in which case the video apparently starts on May 3, 2013 at 0.013 seconds after 14:45:49hr. To be more precise,<br>
the patient identification is followed by an underscore (_), followed by the video startdate DD-MMM-YYYY,<br>
followed by an underscore, followed by the starttime HHhMMmSS.XXXXs. The startdate days, DD, are 01, 02, 03, ... 30 or 31.<br>
The months, MMM, are JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV or DEC.<br>
The years, YYYY, obviously are 2013, 2014 and so on. The starttime is based on the 24h clock with HH ranging from 00 till 23,<br>
so midnight is coded as 00h00m00s. The decimal fraction of a second (noted here by .XXXX) can have any length and can also be omitted<br>
(for example in 06h37m12s). The addition _Video is not obligatory and neither do we standardize any video format such as ogv.<br>
So, a perfectly OK video filename would also be:<br>
NL_012348168_03-MAY-2013_14h45m49.013s.mpeg<br><br>
</i>
Note: EDFbrowser will ignore the part of the filename directly before the startdate and directly after the starttime.<br><br>
If the filename of the video does not contain the startdate and starttime, you can still continue to use the video but<br>
in that case EDFbrowser will assume that the starttime of the video coincides with the starttime of the EDF file.<br><br>
You can resize the video window by dragging the bottom-right corner with the mouse.<br>
All other operations like stop, pause, etc. must be done by using the videoplayer controls (buttons) in EDFbrowser.<br>
Do not use the control interface of VLC, it will interfere with EDFbrowser.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Signalsmenu"></a>Signalsmenu</h3>
<p>
Use the Signalsmenu to add or remove signals. If you want to remove only one particular signal,<br>
leftclick on the signallabel of the signal you want to remove. A small dialog will appear and gives<br>
you the possibility to remove that particular signal from the screen. See also <a href="#Signaldialog">signaldialog</a>.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Timescalemenu">Timescalemenu</a></h3>
<p>
Use the Timescalemenu to choose the pagetime (the amount of seconds that must be displayed on the screen).<br>
"30 mm/sec" will adjust the pagetime so that one second equals 30 mm horizontally. In case you get a different<br>
result, calibrate your screen in Menu -> Settings -> Calibration.<br>
The timescale can also be changed with the keyboard shortcuts Ctl++ and Ctl+-,<br>
or by turning the mousewheel while keeping the Ctl-key pressed.<br>
The resolution of the timescale indicator (milliSecond or microSecond) can be selected in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Amplitudemenu">Amplitudemenu</a></h3>
<p>
Use the Amplitudemenu to adjust the amplitude (size/gain/sensitivity) of all signals on the screen.<br>
The values in the dropdown list are expressed in units per cm.<br>
If you want to adjust the amplitude of one particular signal, use <a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties</a>.<br>
"Fit to pane" will adjust the height and size of all signals so that they will fit on the screen.<br>
"Adjust offset" will adjust the height only (of all signals so that they will fit on the screen).<br>
"Offset -> 0" will set the offset on the screen of all signals to zero.<br>
Use the "+" or "-" keys on your keyboard to increase or decrease the amplitude of all signals.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Signallabel">Signallabel</a></h3>
<p> The signallabel is the name of the signal which is printed on the screen at the start of the trace.<br>
This little piece of text has some "hidden" functions. When you leftclick on it, the <a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties</a><br>
dialog will be opened. You can also drag this label with the left or right mousebutton to change<br>
the offset or amplitude of the signal, see also <a href="#Adjusting_the_position_and_size_of_the_signals">Adjusting the position and size of the signals</a>.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Alias">Alias</a></h3>
<p> The alias, if used, is an alternative signallabel which is printed on the screen at the start of the trace.<br>
Aliases can be created in the <a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties dialog</a> and will be stored in your <a href="#Montages">montage</a>.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="ECG_view_mode">ECG view mode</a></h3>
<p>
This mode activates a colorschema and grid boxes typical for plotting ECG waveforms.<br>
<br><i>
The ECG waves are recorded on special graph paper that is divided into 1 mm2 grid-like boxes. The ECG paper speed is ordinarily 25 mm/sec.<br>
As a result, each 1 mm (small) horizontal box corresponds to 0.04 sec (40 ms), with heavier lines forming larger boxes that include five<br>
small boxes and hence represent 0.20 sec (200 ms) intervals. On occasion, the paper speed is increased to 50 mm/sec to better define waveforms.<br>
Each large box is therefore only 0.10 sec and each small box is only 0.02 sec.<br>
<br>
Vertically, the standard calibration is 10 mm (10 small boxes), equal to 1 mV. On occasion, particularly when the waveforms are small,<br>
double standard is used (20 mm equals 1 mv). When the wave forms are very large, half standard may be used (5 mm equals 1 mv).<br>
<br></i>
The ECG view mode can be activated by going to Settings -> Options. In the Colors tab, in the Colorschema section, click on the "ECG" button.<br>
It is advised to enable the vertical scrollbar (in the menubar go to View -> Vertical scrollbar) and set the number of traces to 4 in<br>
Settings -> Options in tab Other (look for the setting with the text "Enable a vertical scrollbar and show max.").<br>
<br>
Set the timescale to 50 mm/sec. and the amplitude to 500 uV (0.5 mV).<br>
<br>
In order for the gridboxes to be calibrated, it is necessary that the physical dimension (unit) of the ECG waveform is expressed in either<br>
uV, mV or V. If this is not the case, the gridboxes are uncalibrated and they cannot be drawn correctly.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Signaldialog">Signaldialog</a></h3>
<p>
Use the signaldialog to add one or more signals to the screen. Go to Signals -> Add.<br>
On top you will see a list of opened files.<br>
Select (highlight) the file from which you want to add signals. At the left part of the dialog you see a list of<br>
all the signals which are in the selected file. Select one or more signals and click on the "Add signal(s)"<br>
button. Now you will see the selected signals on the screen. You can add more signals afterwards,<br>
just go to Signals -> Add.<br>
<br>
When you want to make a combination (derivation) of two or more signals, do as follows. Open the signalsdialog.<br>
Select the file from which you want to add signals. In this example we choose an EEG file which contains<br>
the signals "P3" and "C3" and we want to subtract "C3" from "P3".<br>
- Select (highlight) the signal "P3".<br>
- Click on the "Add" button.<br>
- Select (highlight) the signal "C3".<br>
- Click on the "Subtract" button.<br>
- Click on the "Make derivation" button.<br>
- The result of "P3" minus "C3" will appear on the screen.<br>
<br>
Now you can add more combinations or simply close the dialog.<br>
<br>
note: It is only possible to make combinations with signals who:<br>
- are in the same file<br>
- have the same samplerate<br>
- have the same physical dimension (e.g. uV)<br>
- have the same resolution (e.g. uV/bit)<br>
<br>
In case the signals in your file don't have the same resolution, you may use the tool<br>
<a href="#Unify_resolution">Unify resolution</a> to correct this.<br>
<br>
note 2: If you want to invert the signals (which is common in EEG) do as follows:<br>
instead of P3 - C3, use -P3 + C3 (or C3 - P3).<br>
You can also invert a signal afterwards, go to <a href="#Organize_signals">Signals -> Organize</a>.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Signalproperties">Signalproperties</a></h3>
<p>
You can view or adjust the properties of a specific signal by leftclicking on the signallabel.<br>
A small dialog will be opened and let you change the amplitude and color.<br>
You can also remove filters (if any) or remove the signal from the screen.<br>
You can also enter an alias for the signalname.<br>
Another option is to activate one or more <a href="#Crosshairs">crosshairs</a> for precise measurements.<br>
<br>
Another way to view/change the properties of a signal is to go to Signals -> Properties.<br>
This will show you a list of all signals which are on the screen. Simply click on the<br>
signal of interest.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Adjusting_the_position_and_size_of_the_signals">Adjusting the position and size of the signals</a></h3>
<p>
Leftclick on the signallabel and move the mousepointer up or down while keeping the<br>
left mousebutton pressed. This will move the signal up or down on the screen i.e. it<br>
changes the offset of the signal.<br>
<br>
Rightclick on the signallabel and move the mousepointer up or down while keeping the<br>
right mousebutton pressed. This will increase or decrease the amplitude (size/gain) of<br>
the signal on the screen.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Organize_signals">Organize signals</a></h3>
<p>
You can organize the signals via Signals -> Organize.<br>
Here you can change the order of the signals on the screen, remove or invert signals.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Signal_layout">Signal layout</a></h3>
<p>
When you want to visualize many signals, the screen can become crowded and hard to read.<br>
There are two solutions for this:<br>
- divide the signals you want to visualize in smaller groups and use <a href="#Montages">montages</a> to quickly switch<br>
between these groups (using the Fn keys).<br>
- enable a vertical scrollbar for the signal window so that the signals will be distributed over more<br>
vertical space. The vertical scrollbar can be enabled in Settings -> Options -> Other.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Navigation">Navigation</a></h3>
<p>
Navigation through a file can be done by using the PageUp/PageDown buttons on your keyboard.<br>
Use the left/right arrowkeys to shift the screen one tenth of the pagetime.<br>
The mousewheel can be used to scroll horizontally. The stepsize of the mousewheel can be set in the settings menu.<br>
A value of zero disables mousewheel scrolling.<br>
Keep the middle mousebutton pressed to drag horizontally.<br>
There's also the file position slider at the bottom of the screen.<br>
Pressing Ctl+Home or Ctl+End will jump to the start or the end of the recording respectively.<br>
In case multiple files are opened, the file position slider, the "Home" and "End" keyboard shortcuts and<br>
the file position indicator, are referred to the file that is the "reference". For more info and how to change<br>
the reference file, have a look at <a href="#Timelock">Timelock and File synchronisation</a>.<br>
The resolution of the fileposition indicator (milliSecond or microSecond) can be selected in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
<br>
You can also <a href="#Zoomfunction">zoom-in</a>.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Annotations">Annotations</a></h3>
<p>
When a file contains annotations (sometimes called events), the annotation window will appear.<br>
Just click on one of the annotations to jump to that position in the file (use Ctl+N to jump to the next annotation or Ctl+B for the previous annotation).<br>
The annotation marker will appear either at the start or the middle of the page,<br>
depending on an option that is in Settings -> Options -> Other.<br>
<br>
The annotation window is dockable. You can change the size of the window, but also the position.<br>
You can make the window floating as well by dragging it with the mouse. After closing<br>
the annotationwindow, you can make it appear again via Window -> Annotations.<br>
<br>
Een annotation/event has three properties:
</p>
<ul>
<li>onset time</li>
<li>duration (optional)</li>
<li>description</li>
</ul>
<p>
If an annotation has a duration, a semi transparent colored overlay will be applied for that duration.<br>
In Settings -> Options -> Colors you can assign your own colors to max. eight different annotation descriptions.<br>
The transparency of the overlay color is set using the alpha channel: 0 = completely transparent, 255 is completely opaque.<br>
The default value for the alpha channel is 32.<br>
<br>
An annotation can be linked to a specific signal. This is done by adding a suffix to the description,<br>
for example: spindle@@C3 - A1<br>
The string immediately after the "@@" must be one of the signal names.<br>
<br>
Annotations can be created, modified or deleted using the <a href="#Annotation_editor">Annotation editor</a><br>
<br>
By right-clicking on an annotation in the annotationlist, you can perform several operations on the annotations.<br>
It's possible to filter groups of annotations. You can select if these filter operations take place on the annotations list<br>
only or also on the waveform window. This option is in Settings -> Options -> Other.<br>
<br>
Right-click on an annotation marker in the plotting window in order to select it (the color will change) in the annotation list,<br>
or to perform waveform averaging.<br>
<br>
If you like, you can enable "auto scroll" for the annotations window so that, when browsing through the recording, the annotation window's<br>
scroll position is synchronized with the fileposition of the plotting window. This option is in Settings -> Options -> Other.<br>
<br>
The resolution of the onset time (milliSecond or microSecond) can be selected in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Annotations_Filter">Annotations Filter</a></h3>
<p>
The annotations list can be filtered based on the maximum and minimum interval time<br>
between two consegutive annotations with the same name/label.<br>
Right-click on the annotations list and select "Filter Interval Time".<br>
A dialog will appear where you can set the filter parameters.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Annotation_editor">Annotation editor</a></h3>
<p>
The annotation editor can be used to create, edit or delete annotations.<br>
Start the editor via menu -> Window -> Annotation editor.<br>
To create a new annotation, write the text of the annotation in the description window and set<br>
the onset time. You can set the duration as well. If the duration is unknown or not<br>
applicable, set it to -1. Next, simply click on the "Create" button.<br><br>
Instead of manually entering the onset time, you can use a <a href="#Crosshairs">crosshair</a>.<br>
Drag and drop the crosshair and the onset time will be automatically adjusted.<br>
You can use a second <a href="#Crosshairs">crosshair</a> to adjust the duration of the event.<br><br>
To modify an existent annotation, click on the annotation in the annotationlist.<br>
Adjust the text and/or time manually or drag and drop the annotation marker with the mouse.<br><br>
To delete an annotation, click on the annotation in the annotation window and click<br>
on the delete button (or press the Delete key on your keyboard).<br>
Pay attention, there's no "undo".<br><br>
When you have finished editing annotations, save the file in menu -> File -> Save.<br>
Your file will not be altered, instead a copy of your file with the edited annotations<br>
will be made.<br><br>
When a crosshair is activated, the onsettime field will or will not be updated when navigating through the file,<br>
depending on a setting in the options menu ("Auto update annotation-editor onsettime").<br>
You'll find this setting in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br><br>
Keeping the shift-key pressed when left-clicking on an annotation in the wavefom window,<br>
will prevent the annotation from moving (i.e. the onset time will not be modified).<br>
The annotation will only be selected and made visible in the annotations list.<br><br>
It's possible to enable and configure up to eight user buttons which can be used to quickly create annotations.<br>
This can be done in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
You can freely assign any name to a user button. The name will be used as the description of the annotation.<br>
You can setup which actions will be performed when clicking on a user button:<br>
- set the description<br>
- set the onset time<br>
- set the duration<br>
- advance the viewtime (file position) with the stage /epoch time<br>
Keyboard shortcuts for the user buttons are: '1', '2', '3', etc.<br><br>
Note: It's possible to let the viewtime automatically stay on an integer multiple of the stage /epoch time when using the user buttons to create annotations.<br>
I.e. the viewtime and pagetime will always be at the epoch boundary. This can be setup in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br><br>
Note: It's possible to let advance the viewtime automatically when using the user buttons to create annotations.<br>
I.e. the viewtime will advance with the selected stage / epoch time when clicking on a user button. This can be setup in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
Keeping the shift-key pressed while hitting a user button will cause the viewtime to jump backwards.<br><br>
Signal linked annotations can be created by using a suffix "@@" followed by the signal label in the annotation description.<br>
e.g.: "sleep spindle@@C3-A2"<br><br>
To quickly create a signal linked annotation by drawing a rectangle with the mouse, keep the Ctrl key pressed when releasing the left mouse button.<br>
(The rectangle drawn must have a size of at least 15 x 15 screen pixels. If not, the action will be ignored.)<br>
After drawing the rectangle over the part of the signal of interest, a menu will popup which will allow you to select one of up to eight<br>
predefined annotation descriptions. After selecting one of them, a signal linked annotation will be created with the specified description,<br>
onset and duration will be set according to the rectangle drawn.<br>
Instead, if the Shift key is being pressed, a normal (non signal linked) annotation will be created.<br>
You can setup the predefined descriptions in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br><br>
Alternatively, press 'a' when one or two crosshairs are enabled (on the same signal) in order to create a signal linked annotation.<br>
The second crosshair will be used to set the duration of the event. If not present, an annotation without duration will be created.<br>
When the Control key is pressed when selecting the annotation (after having pressed "a"), the delta (difference) of the amplitude of<br>
the two crosshairs will be printed into the annotation's description.<br><br>
Note: At default, the resolution of the onset-time of the annotations is 1 milliSecond.<br>
If desired, this can be changed to 1 microSecond in Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
This affects also the resolution of the crosshairs, the viewtime and pagetime indicators and the annotation markers.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Filters">Filters</a></h3>
<p>
Use the filtermenu to add or remove filters. First select the type of filter: highpass, lowpass, notch, bandpass or bandstop.<br>
Now select the model: Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel or "moving average" (a notchfilter has resonator model only).<br>
Then set the frequency(s) of the filter (or number of samples in case of a "moving average" filter).<br>
Depending on the type and model of the filter, you can adjust the order, Q-factor and passbandripple.<br><br>
The curve will show the frequency and phase response of the filter (except for "moving average" filters).<br><br>
Now select one or more signals to apply to and click the "Apply" button.<br><br>
Reviewing the filters can be done in the Montage -> View this montage menu.<br><br>
Algorithm for the moving average filters:<br>
LPF: the mean of the last n data samples.<br>
HPF: last-n/2 sample minus the mean of the last n data samples.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Adjust_filters">Adjust filters</a></h3>
<p>
You can adjust or finetune the filters. Left-click on a signallabel and select "Adjust filter".<br>
You can adjust or finetune the frequency, order or Q-factor of a filter and watch the result at the same time.<br>
Use this dialog when you want to remove a filter.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Powerspectrum">Powerspectrum</a></h3>
<p>
To view the powerspectrum of a signal, leftclick on the signallabel and choose "Spectrum".<br>
The Power Spectral Density of the corresponding signal will be shown (uV)<sup>2</sup>/FFT-resolution.<br>
The amount of datasamples used to perform the FFT equals the data which is<br>
shown on the screen. Increasing or decreasing the FFT blocksize affects the FFT resolution.<br>
So, if the samplefrequency of the selected signal is 256Hz, the timescale is set to 10 seconds and<br>
the FFT-blocksize is 512, the number of FFT's performed is (10 seconds x 256 Hz) / 512 = 5.<br>
The output of the five FFT's are averaged.<br>
In case you set the FFT blocksize equal to timescale x samplefrequency, exactly one FFT will be performed.<br>
<br>
Note 1: You can freely customize the block size up to 1000 samples. Above that, only selected (optimized)<br>
values can be choosen.<br>
Note 2: The maximum block size possible equals the number of samples actually on the screen.<br>
<br>
It's possible to let the FFT blocks overlap each other.<br>
<br>
This powerspectrum is static and will not update when you change the fileposition (pressing PgUp/PgDn etc.).<br>
This way you can compare multiple powerspectra from different signals and/or filepositions.<br>
<br>
There is also a powerspectrum window available that automatically updates when you walk through a file.<br>
Go to Window -> Power Spectrum.<br>
A small dialog will be opened which shows a list of signals which are on the screen.<br>
Click on a signal of interest and a docked Powerspectrum (FFT) will be opened.<br>
This Powerspectrum will be automatically updated when you navigate through the file. Clicking on the<br>
"ctls" button toggles the controls. Here you can switch-on colorbars to highlight different frequency-<br>
regions. The properties of the colorbars (number of colorbars, frequency, color, etc.) can be adjusted<br>
in the Settings menu. The height of the colorbar is relative to the sum, peak or average of the the<br>
power of all the frequency-bins in that region, according to the settings in the Settings menu.<br>
Use the sliders to zoom into a particular area.<br>
When you check the "Amplitude" checkbox, the amplitude spectrum will be shown.<br>
Printing can be done by clicking on the printbutton. You can print to a printer, file (PDF or Postscript)<br>
or as an image. It is also possible to "print" to a textfile. It exports the data to text (ASCII).<br>
Clicking on the cursorbutton will display a cursor. Use the mouse to drag the cursor.<br>
Click again on the "ctls" button to hide the settings and make room for the FFT plot.<br>
<br>
The algorithms for the window functions are taken from<br>
<a href="http://edoc.mpg.de/395068">Spectrum and spectral density estimation by the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), including a comprehensive list of window functions and some new at-top windows</a><br>
from the Max Planck Institute.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="CDSA">Color Density Spectral Array</a></h3>
<p>
The Color Density Spectral Array (CDSA) can be enabled by leftclicking on a signallabel and selecting "CDSA", or via the Window menu.<br>
The default settings are usually fine for EEG. Adjust the min/max levels for optimal results.<br>
<br>
The CDSA will appear as a docked window on the bottom but can also be dragged to the top or can be put in detached mode (floating) where ever you want on your screen.<br>
Adjust the size of the CDSA window as you prefer.<br>
<br>
- Segment length:<br>
The length of one measurement. The number of segments in the CDSA is: recording duration / segment length.<br>
All segments together will present a horizontal array of segments.<br>
- Block length:<br>
The block length is the window size of the FFT. If the segment length is 30 seconds and the block length is 2 seconds,<br>
15 FFT's will be performed in one segment (if the overlap is set to 0%). The output of these 15 FFT's will be averaged.<br>
The block length affects the FFT resolution: FFT bin size (Hz) = samplerate / block length.<br>
Higher block lengths increases the FFT resolution. Lower block lengths increases the signal to noise ratio.<br>
- Overlap:<br>
Percentage of an FFT block that will overlap the next FFT block. Increasing this value increases the number of FFT's that will be performed<br>
and increases the signal to noise ratio but increases also the computational effort.<br>
- Window:<br>
Window is the kind of smoothing (taper) function used to prepare the data before the FFT is performed in order to lower the spectral leakage of the FFT.<br>
- Min. / Max. frequency:<br>
This can be set to only display the frequency range of interest. Maximum frequency is limited to half the samplingrate (nyquist frequency)<br>
- Max. level:<br>
Maximum level equals white. Adjust and experiment with this setting until you find the optimal setting.<br>
- Min. level:<br>
Minimum level equals black. Adjust and experiment with this setting until you find the optimal setting.<br>
- Logarithmic:<br>
If checked, it will apply the base-10 logarithm of the output of the FFT in order to increase the dynamic range.<br>
- Power:<br>
If checked, display the power instead of the voltage.<br>
- Export data:<br>
If checked, the data generated by the FFT will be exported to a text/CSV file.<br>
The decimal separator for the numbers in this file is a dot. The column separator is a comma.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Hypnogram">Hypnogram</a></h3>
<p>
The hypnogram can be enabled via the "Window" menu. A dialog will appear where you can setup the labels for the different<br>
sleep stages and the mapping to the annotations in the file. If you don't have the sleep annotations already in your file,<br>
then you can import them using the tool "<a href="#Import_annotations">Import annotations/events</a>" in the "Tools" menu.<br>
When using the <a href="#Annotation_editor">Annotation editor</a>, the hypnogram will be updated realtime when adding, moving or deleting annotations.<br>
<br>
You can select whether you want the hypnogram draws from onset to the next onset or according to the duration of the annotation.<br>
(check or uncheck "Use annotations' duration for epoch length")<br>
When you select the latter, any gaps / overlaps between consegutive annotations greater than 0.1 second will be highlighted red in order<br>
to assist you with scoring the file.<br>
<br>
In addition, there's the possibility to create colored overlays using user defined annotations.<br>
Simply check the option "Add overlays" and insert the annotation(s). Click on the colored buttons in order to modify<br>
the color. The transparency of the overlay color is set using the alpha channel: 0 = completely transparent, 255 is completely opaque.<br>
The default value for the alpha channel is 32.<br>
<br>
Right-click on the hypnogram and select "settings" in order to adjust the height or select "close" in order to close it.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="aEEG">aEEG</a></h3>
<p>
Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) or cerebral function monitoring (CFM) is a technique for monitoring brain function.<br>
The implementation was inspired by "Calculation of compact amplitude-integrated EEG tracing and upper and lower margins using raw EEG data"<br>
(Zhang, Dandan & Ding, Haiyan).<br>
The aEEG can be enabled by leftclicking on a signallabel and selecting "aEEG", or via the Window menu.<br>
Once the aEEG plot has been opened, you can right-click on it to close it or to adjust the height of the plot.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Averaging_EP">Averaging (evoked potentials, heart beats or other triggers)</a></h3>
<p>
Averaging waveforms (multiple parts of a signal) can be done by rightclicking on an annotation (trigger) in<br>
the annotationlist. A contextmenu will be opened, now click on "Average".<br>
A dialog will be opened where you can choose to which signals you want to apply the averaging.<br>
If necessary, change the "From"- and "To"-times in order to select a particular group of triggers.<br>
Only the triggers with an onsettime that lies between the two timevalues will be used for the averaging.<br>
Select the ratio of the time before and after the triggerpoint.<br>
Now click on "Start" and a new window(s) will be opened which will show the result of averaging<br>
all signalparts of all annotations (triggerpoints) with that specific name.<br>
The yellow colored, dashed, vertical line is the triggerpoint, i.e. the onsettime of the annotations (triggers).<br>
Use the sliders to zoom into the signal. The timescale is relative to the trigger (onset) point.<br>
<br>
The result can be printed or exported as a new EDF/BDF file.<br>
<br>
You can also use external triggers in ASCII(*.csv or *.txt) or XML format.<br>
See <a href="#Import_annotations">Import annotations/events</a> how to import triggers/events/annotations.<br>
<br>
Note: It is also possible to change the selection of annotations/triggers for averaging, by <a href="#Annotation_editor">editing the annotationlist</a> first.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="ECG_PLIF_filter">ECG powerline interference subtraction filter</a></h3>
<p>
The ECG powerline interference subtraction filter is inspired by the subtraction method described by:<br>
<br>
- Subtraction Method For Powerline Interference Removing From ECG<br>
Chavdar Levkov, Georgy Mihov, Ratcho Ivanov, Ivan K. Daskalov Ivaylo Christov, Ivan Dotsinsky<br>
<br>
- Removal of power-line interference from the ECG: a review of the subtraction procedure<br>
Chavdar Levkov, Georgy Mihov, Ratcho Ivanov, Ivan Daskalov, Ivaylo Christov and Ivan Dotsinsky<br>
<br>
- Accuracy of 50 Hz interference subtraction from an electrocardiogram I. A, Dotsinsky I.K. Daskalov<br>
<br>
- Dynamic powerline interference subtraction from biosignals<br>
Ivaylo I. Christov<br>
<br>
The subtraction method extracts the powerline interference noise (50/60Hz and harmonics) during a<br>
a linear region between two consecutive QRS complexes and stores it in a buffer.<br>
The reference noise from the buffer is used to subtract it from the signal outside<br>
the linear region i.e. during the QRS complex.<br>
This method only works correctly when the samplefrequency of the ECG recording is an<br>
integer multiple of the powerline frequency.<br>
In case they are synchronized, this method will remove also the harmonics of the<br>
powerline frequency. In that case extra notch-filters for the harmonics are<br>
not necessary. The advantage of this method is that it will not cause ringing or other distortion<br>
in the waveform of the QRS complex (like notch-filters do).<br>
<br>
The following rules apply:<br>
- The samplefrequency of the ECG recording must be at least 240 Hz<br>
- The samplefrequency of the ECG recording must be an integer multiple of the powerline frequency<br>
- The physical dimension (units) of the ECG signal must be expressed in uV, mV or V.<br>
- The resolution of the ECG signal must be better than or equal to 10 uV/bit.<br>
<br>
Note: Acceptable results will be achieved when the accuracy of the recording sampleclock is <=100ppm<br>
and the powerlinefrequency is within +/-400ppm (+/-0.02Hz).<br>
A perfect result will be achieved when the recording sampleclock is synchronized with the<br>
powerlinefrequency in hardware (e.g. using a Phase Locked Loop in the acquisition hardware).
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="EEG_PLIF_filter">EEG powerline interference subtraction filter</a></h3>
<p>
The EEG powerline interference subtraction filter is inspired by the subtraction method described by:<br>
<br>
- A simple method for the removal of mains interference from pre-recorded electrophysiological data (W.J. Heitler)<br>
<br>
The subtraction method extracts the powerline interference noise (50/60Hz and harmonics) from the last 0.5 second<br>
and stores it in a buffer.<br>
The reference noise from the buffer is used to subtract it from the signal.<br>
This method only works correctly when the samplefrequency of the EEG recording is an<br>
integer multiple of the powerline frequency.<br>
In case they are synchronized, this method will remove also the harmonics of the<br>
powerline frequency. In that case extra notch-filters for the harmonics are<br>
not necessary. The advantage of this method is that it will not cause ringing/distortion<br>
(like notch-filters do).<br>
<br>
The following rules apply:<br>
- The samplefrequency of the EEG recording must be at least 100 Hz<br>
- The samplefrequency of the EEG recording must be an integer multiple of the powerline frequency<br>
<br>
Note: Acceptable results will be achieved when the accuracy of the recording sampleclock is <=100ppm<br>
and the powerlinefrequency is within +/-400ppm (+/-0.02Hz).<br>
A perfect result will be achieved when the recording sampleclock is synchronized with the<br>
powerlinefrequency in hardware (e.g. using a Phase Locked Loop in the acquisition hardware).
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a></h3>
<p>
The quickest way to run the QRS detector and to import the beats as annotations, is to use the QRS detector in the Tools menu.<br>
You will be able to select one of the signals on your screen as the source for the QRS detector.<br>
The selected signal must have a samplerate of at least 200 Hz and must have a physical dimension (unit)specified in uV, mV or V.<br>
The detector will process the whole file and it will import the R-peaks as annotations.<br>
The label "R-peak" is used by default for the annotations but this can be changed in the settings (Settings -> Options).<br>
Also, the heart rate will be plotted in a separate window. Right-click on the plot to access some settings for the plot.<br>
The annotations can be exported to different formats using the <a href="#Export_annotations">Export annotations tool</a>.<br>
<br>
Otherwise, toggling the "Heart Rate" button toggles on or off the detection and calculation of the heartrate expressed in beats per minute (bpm).<br>
The "Heart Rate" button can be found in the <a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties dialog</a>.
This tool will create a new trace on the screen that represents the beats per minute.<br>
<br>
The algorithm used for the QRS detection is derived from "A Real-Time QRS Detection Algorithm" by Jiapu Pan and Willis J. Tompkins.<br>
<a href="https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse474/18wi/labs/l8/QRSdetection.pdf">https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse474/18wi/labs/l8/QRSdetection.pdf</a><br>
<br>
The R-peaks and/or RR-interval times (beat to beat) can be exported to an ascii-file for analysis in other programs.<br>
After you switched on the Heart Rate detection, go to "Tools -> Import/Export ECG RR-interval".<br>
Only the part of the signal that is visible on the screen will be exported, except when you check the "Whole recording" checkbox.<br>
There is also the possibility to import the RR-intervals as annotations.<br>
<br>
Some statistics about the Heart Rate (variability) are available <a href="#HR_statistics">here</a>.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="HR_statistics">Heart Rate statistics</a></h3>
<p>
When the <a href="#ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a> is enabled, you can view some statistics about the<br>
Heart Rate (variability) in the <a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties</a>. Once you see the Signalproperties dialog,<br>
click on the "Statistics" button. A brief description of the statistics:<br>
<br>
- Mean, the average of the RR-intervals.<br>
- SDNN, the standard deviation of RR-intervals.<br>
- RMSSD, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR's.<br>
- NN20, the number of pairs of successive RR's that differ by more than 20 ms.<br>
- pNN20, the proportion of NN20 divided by total number of RR's as a percentage.<br>
- NN50, the number of pairs of successive RR's that differ by more than 50 ms.<br>
- pNN50, the proportion of NN50 divided by total number of RR's as a percentage.<br>
<br>
The data used for the statistics is derived from the timewindow that is visible on the screen.<br>
<br>
In case you want to see this info permanently at the bottom of the screen during navigation through the file,<br>
use the following procedure.<br>
First, import the output of the <a href="#ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a> as annotations as described here: <a href="#Export_Import_ECG_RR_interval">Export/Import ECG RR-interval</a><br>
Now right-click on an annotation named "R-peak" and select "Heart Rate Variability".<br>
A new window with the statistics will appear. Close it.<br>
From now on, after changing file position e.g. PgUp/PgDn, you will see the updated statistics at the bottom of the screen.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Export_Import_ECG_RR_interval">Export/Import ECG RR-interval</a></h3>
<p>
This tool can be used to export the output of the <a href="#ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a>,<br>
or<br>
it can be used to import the output of the <a href="#ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a> as annotations.<br>
<br>
After having imported the <a href="#ECG_detection">ECG QRS detector</a> output as annotations, more options<br>
are available by right-clicking on one of the annotations in the annotationlist.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Custom_fir_filter">Custom FIR filter</a></h3>
<p>
The Custom FIR filter can be used to create a customized Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter.<br>
There are three methods to design/specify a FIR filter:<br>
<br>
If you already have the filter coefficients (so-called "filter taps") obtained from another source, simply copy and paste them into<br>
the Filter taps list and select the signals to which the filter needs to apply to (select/highlight them with the mouse).<br>
<br>
The second method is to use the FIR filter designer that creates a phase-linear, Windowed Sinc FIR filter with flat passbands,<br>
or a phase-linear filter with a user specified passband and ripple and stopband attenuation, using the Parks-McClellan algorithm.<br>
</p>
<h4>Windowed Sinc algorithm to calculate a phase-linear, flat passband FIR filter.</h4>
<p>
Specify filter type (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandstop), samplerate of the selected signal(s), the cutoff frequency and<br>
and the transition bandwidth (steepness).
</p>
<h4>Parks-McClellan algorithm to calculate a phase-linear, equiripple FIR filter.</h4>
<p>
Specify the pass- and stopbands with their respective start- and stopfrequencies, gain and ripple.<br>
A passband usually has a gain of 1 (it must be more than zero).<br>
A stopband must have a gain of zero. Bandwidth must be at least 5% and the transition between bands must be<br>
at least 5%. After entering the filter specifications press the "Design" button.<br>
Examples:<br>
For a lowpass filter, specify a passband and a stopband (2 bands).<br>
For a highpass filter, specify a stopband and a passband (2 bands).<br>
For a bandpass filter, specify a stopband, a passband and a stopband (3 bands).<br>
<br>
Click on the "No predefined" combobox to select one of the predefined filtertypes to help you get started.<br>
<br>
<b>Note</b>: The Parks-McClellan algorithm cannot find solutions for all possible filter specifications.<br>
In case it's not able to create the filter, try changing the filter parameters or use the Windowed Sinc filter instead.<br>
<br>
Resuming:<br>
- Select the filter design method by selecting the tab "Windowed Sinc" or "Parks-McClellan".<br>
- Adjust the parameters for the filter.<br>
- Click on the "Design" button.If there are no errors in the parameters, the coefficients will be calculated<br>
and shown together with the filters' response curve.<br>
- Select and highlight with the mouse the signals which you want to apply the filter to.<br>
- Click on the "Apply" button.<br>
<br>
Note: A filter "tap" is simply a coefficient/delay pair. The number of taps is an indication of:<br>
- the amount of memory required to implement the filter<br>
- the number of calculations required<br>
- the amount of "filtering" the filter can do; in effect, more taps means more stopband attenuation, less ripple, narrower filters, etc.<br>
<br>
Warning: using a FIR filter with many taps can slow down the processing considerably.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Spike_filter">Spike filter</a></h3>
<p>
The Spike filter can be used to filter out spikes, fast transients, glitches or pacemaker impulses.<br>
Velocity is expressed in units (e.g. uV) per 0.25 milli-Seconds. If the filter detects two fast transients<br>
with opposite polarity and within 3 milli-Seconds, it will consider it a spike which will be suppressed.<br>
<br>
The transient is measured for every sample with a delta t of 0.25 milli-Seconds.<br>
(The sample will be compared with an older sample 0.25 milli-Seconds before.)<br>
<br>
Setting the value of velocity too high, will cause the spikes not to be detected.<br>
Setting the value of velocity too low, will cause false triggers.<br>
<br>
Hold-off is used to prevent a re-trigger of the filter within the hold-off period after the last trigger.<br>
<br>
The Spike filter cannot be used with samplerates lower than 4000 Hz.<br>
Signals with lower samplerates will not be visible in the Spike filter dialog.<br>
<br>
The Spike filter dialog has no apply button. Activating or de-activating the spike filter is simply done<br>
by selecting or de-selecting one or more signals.<br>
Changing the value of velocity or holdoff will cause an immediate update of the screen.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Zoomfunction">Zoomfunction</a></h3>
<p>
There are multiple ways to zoom-in:<br><br>
- By pressing (several times) Ctrl++ or Ctrl+- (this will zoom-in/-out horizontally only i.e. the timescale changes).<br>
<br>
or<br>
<br>
- By using the mouse wheel while keeping the Ctrl key pressed (this will zoom-in/-out horizontally only i.e. the timescale changes).<br>
<br>
or<br>
<br>
- You can zoom into a trace on the screen by drawing a rectangle with the mouse.<br>
Keep the left mousebutton pressed and move the mousepointer in the direction of the<br>
right lower corner. When you release the left mousebutton, the content of the rectangle<br>
will be expanded to the whole screen. (It will zoom-in horizontally and vertically) You can repeat this step and zoom in again.<br>
(The rectangle drawn must have a size of at least 25 x 25 screen pixels. If not, the action will be ignored.)<br>
<br>
Use the backspace button on your keyboard to zoom out and restore the previous settings.<br>
After using the backspace button, you can zoom in again by pressing the insert button on<br>
your keyboard.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Floatingruler">Floating ruler</a></h3>
<p>
You can use a floating ruler for measurements. Leftclick on the signallabel of the signal<br>
of interest. A small dialog will appear. Click on "Ruler". A floating ruler will appear.<br>
Drag and drop the ruler with the left mousebutton. Rightclick to remove the ruler or press the "Esc" key.<br>
In Settings -> Options -> Other you can enable or disable a property of the ruler that will adjust the width<br>
of the ruler automatically in such a way that only integer numbers for "Hz" will be shown.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Crosshairs">Crosshairs</a></h3>
<p>
You can use one or two crosshairs for precise measurements. Press Alt+Shift+C or Leftclick on the signallabel<br>
of the signal of interest. A small dialog will appear. Click on Crosshair. A crosshair will<br>
appear. Drag and drop the crosshair with the left mousebutton. Now you can add another crosshair.<br>
The second crosshair will show you the differences (delta) in time and value of the signal(s).<br>
Pressing repeatedly Alt+Shift+C will move the crosshairs to the next signal.<br>
Rightclick to remove the crosshair(s) or press the Escape key.<br>
The looks of the crosshairs can be changed in the settings menu. You can enable/disable a horizontal line<br>
and/or a centered dot.<br>
The resolution (milliSecond or microSecond) can be selected in: Settings -> Options -> Annotation editor.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Statistics">Statistics</a></h3>
<p>
Some statistical info about a signal can be found in the <a href="#Signalproperties">Signalproperties</a>.<br>
and clicking on the "Statistics" button.
It will show the number of samples showed on the screen, the sum, mean, RMS (root mean square), and MRS<br>
(mean root square i.e average of rectified values) value of the samples showed on the screen.<br>
In addition, the number of zero-crossings (i.e. switching from positive to negative or vice versa)<br>
and the frequency of that part of the signal will be shown.<br>
Only the data from the page visible on the screen is used to calculate the statistics.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Montages">Montages</a></h3>
<p>
Montages can be used to store information about which signals should be shown on<br>
the screen, what combinations (derivations) should be made and other properties<br>
like filters, amplitude (sensitivity), offset, alias, color and pagetime (timescale).<br>
Once you have loaded a file for review and you have added all the signals you want<br>
(and/or all the combinations/derivations) and you have adjusted amplitude and colors<br>
and/or filters, you can save them as a montage.<br>
Go to Montage -> Save. A dialog will be opened where you can choose a directory<br>
and filename to store your montage.<br>
Next time when you load a file, you can load a montage via Montage -> Load.<br>
<br>
You can view the properties of a montage via Montage -> View saved montages or<br>
Montage -> View this montage.<br>
<br>
note:<br>
There are two possible methods to identify the signals in a montage, label based and index based.<br>
The default method is label based which uses the name of signal to identify to which signals the<br>
montage settings need to be applied.<br>
The second method uses the index (order of appearance in a file) of a signal. When in doubt about<br>
which method to use, use the default (label based).<br>
<br>
You can bind the F1 to F12 keys to a maximum of twelve different montages. This way you can quickly switch<br>
between different montages by pressing key F1, F2, etc.<br>
Go to Montage -> Edit key-bindings for montages.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Keyboard_bindings_for_montages">Keyboard bindings for montages</a></h3>
<p>
It is possible to create keyboard shortcuts (bindings) for predefined montages.<br>
Go to Montage -> Edit key-bindings for montages. Click on the first row (F1);<br>
Now you can select a <a href="#Montages">montage</a>. You can assign a maximum of twelve different<br>
montages to keys F1 - F12.<br>
Now you can quickly switch between predefined montages by pressing one of these keys.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Sessions">Sessions</a></h3>
<p>
You can save an EDFbrowser session for later use. This is particularly useful when you need to open<br>
<b>multiple</b> files and want to keep the state of the montages (including filters), file position, timesync mode,<br>
hypnograms, CDSAs, video, etc.<br>
When loading a previously saved session, all files opened (if any), will be closed. Then the file(s) which were<br>
saved in the session file will be opened. Then, the montage/signals will be added to the screen including any filters.<br>
<br>
The session file will have the extension .esf (EDFbrowser Session File).<br>
When saving a session, <b>absolute</b> paths or <b>relative</b> paths can be used.<br>
The default is to use the absolute paths but you can change this in Settings -> Options -> Other<br>
This setting is evaluated only when saving a session, not when loading a session.<br>
So, changing the setting between absolute and relative paths does not affect previously saved sessions.<br>
<br>
Pay attention, both ways of storing the paths have their advantages and disadvantages. If you want to share your files<br>
including the session file, with other people, than you should use relative paths and make sure that all files are<br>
on a local drive and on the same partition and/or station. Ideally, put all files in the same directory.<br>
In case you don't want to share your session file, it's recommended to use the absolute paths which will work<br>
with all file locations you have access to, including network drives. Also, when using absolute paths, you can move the<br>
.esf file to another directory (on the same computer!) without breaking anything.<br>
<br>
Note: The settings in Settings -> options are not in included in the session file.<br>
Changing one of those settings might still affect a session in some way.<br>
<br>
Alternatively, you can use a <a href="#Montages">montage</a> instead of a session. Montages can be applied to different<br>
recordings (of the same type).<br>
<br>
If you want to check the details of a saved session, you can do this by using: Session -> View saved sessions<br>
It will show you the settings stored in the session file. It also checks if the file paths are still valid.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Colors">Colors</a></h3>
<p>
Go to the Settings menu to change the colors like you prefer.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Calibration">Calibration</a></h3>
<p>
In the Settings menu go to the Calibration tab to calibrate your screen.<br>
This will achieve that the amplitude expressed in units/cm will have<br>
the correct height/value.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Timelock">Timelock and File synchronisation</a></h3>
<p>
When you open multiple files, you can choose to "timelock" all files with<br>
each other. This means that when you navigate (by pressing PgUp/Pgdwn)<br>
this will affect all signals on the screen. When you choose to "unlock" the files,<br>
only the signals of the "reference" file will be moved on the screen. You can<br>
change which file should be the reference in the Timesync menu.<br>
<br>
There are three kinds of timelock:<br>
<br>
- Offset<br>
<br>
The start of the recording of all files will coincide with each other.<br>
<br>
- Absolute time<br>
<br>
The clock/date-time of the different files will coincide with each other.<br>
(this is only useful when the period of registration overlap each other or when they are consecutive)<br>
<br>
- No timelock<br>
<br>
Only the signals from the file that has the "time reference" will move when you navigate.<br>
Use this option when you want to align two or more files manually.<br>
<br>
- Userdefined synchronizing<br>
<br>
Files are timelocked with a custom offset. Usually after synchronizing the<br>
files manually.<br>
<br>
<br>
The time shown in the leftbottom corner represents the time from the<br>
file that acts as the "reference". You can change which file should be<br>
the reference in the Time menu.<br>
<br>
You can adjust the horizontal position (time) of two different files by using<br>
two <a href="#Crosshairs">crosshairs</a>. Put one crosshair at a signal of the first file and put the second<br>
crosshair at a signal of the second file. Now click on Time -> synchronize by crosshairs.<br>
Now the position of the two crosshairs (and that particular position of the two files) will<br>
coincide with each other.<br>
Or you can drag a trace horizontally by keeping the middle mouse button (wheel) pressed.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="File_Info">File info / properties / header</a></h3>
<p>
To view the content of the header of a file (subject, recording, signalproperties like samplerates etc.),<br>
go to file -> info and select the file of interest.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Header_editor">Header editor</a></h3>
<p>
This tool can be used to edit (or anonymize) the header (file info) like subject, birthdate, etc.<br>
You can also edit labels (signalnames), physical dimension, pre-filter and transducer names.<br>
If the file you want to edit has been opened in EDFbrowser already, close it first before starting<br>
this tool.<br>
This tool can also be used to repair a file that cannot be opened with EDFbrowser because of an incompatibility.<br>
<br>
Errors that can be repaired with this tool:<br>
- invalid characters in the header (the EDF format allows (7-bit) ASCII characters only)<br>
- a wrong or missing timestamp (format) in the header (e.g. a colon instead of a dot between the numbers)<br>
- a wrong or missing datestamp (format) in the header (e.g. a dash instead of a dot between the numbers)<br>
- a wrong number of datarecords written in the header<br>
- a wrong filesize (file is not ending at the boundary of a datarecord)<br>
- a broken number i.e. a number with decimal(s) in the digital maximum/minimum field<br>
- the value for digital maximum is lower than or equal to digital minimum<br>
- the value for physical maximum equals physical minimum<br>
- illegal or extraneous data in the reserved field<br>
<br>
Do as follows: In EDFbrowser go to Tools -> Header editor. Select the file. Now click on the<br>
"save" button (you don't need to edit the content manually). Close the header editor.<br>
Now open the file in the usual way.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="EDFBDF_to_ASCII_format_converter">EDF(+)/BDF(+) to ASCII (CSV) format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts all the signals in an EDF or BDF-file to a plain ASCII text-file.<br>
It supports different samplerates between the signals.<br>
<br>
Four textfiles will be created:<br>
<br>
- EDFfilename_header.txt contains the general header of the file.<br>
- EDFfilename_signals.txt contains all signal headers of the file.<br>
- EDFfilename_data.txt contains the data of all signals.<br>
- EDFfilename_annotations.txt contains all annotations.<br>
<br>
filename_data.txt contains a separate line for each sampletime that occurs.<br>
Note to windows-users: these lines are separated by a linefeed only,<br>
so the file does NOT look OK in Notepad, use a real editor instead.<br>
<br>
Each line contains the comma-separated values of the sampletime and of all<br>
samples that were taken at that time.<br>
Sampletime is expressed in seconds, while sample values are expressed in the<br>
physical dimensions that are specified in filename_signals.txt.<br>
All values have a dot (.) as decimal separator.<br>
<br>
Different sampling frequencies are allowed in the file. In that case,<br>
not all signals are sampled at each sampletime.<br>
Those sample values are simply left empty, but the comma-separator is there.<br>
<br>
note:<br>
<br>
All comma's in headertext and annotations will be replaced by<br>
single quotes (') because they interfere with the comma-separated<br>
txt-files.<br>
<br>
Unicode/UTF-8 decoding in annotations is not supported because of<br>
the limitations of the ASCII txt-files.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Reduce_signals">Reduce signals, duration and/or samplerate</a></h3>
<p>
This tool can be used to reduce the number of signals in a file and/or to reduce the duration (length) of a file<br>
and/or to reduce the samplerate of one or more signals.<br>
First, open the file in the usual way in EDFbrowser. Then start the tool and select the file.<br>
Uncheck all the signals you do not want into the new file. If you want to shorten the file, choose the first<br>
datarecord (starttime) and the last datarecord (endtime).<br>
If you don't want to downsample, set the samplerate divider to 1 (default). Otherwise select one of the possible<br>
divider values. Those values depend on the actual samplerate and the datarecord duration.<br>
The anti-aliasing filter order can be chosen as well. The default is 4th order. This prevents practically<br>
any chance of aliasing.<br>
Note: if the samplerate divider is set to 1, no downsampling and no filtering will be performed.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Export_filtered_signals">Export filtered signals</a></h3>
<p>
This tool can be used to export the signals which are visible on the screen to a new EDF/BDF file<br>
including any applied filters and or derivations.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Export_annotations">Export annotations/events</a></h3>
<p>
This tool exports the annotations/events from an EDF+/BDF+ file.<br>
They can be saved as CVS, EDF+ or XML.<br>
If you have opened multiple files, you can choose to export all<br>
annotations of all opened files into one new file. The header of the file which acts as<br>
the "reference" will be copied into the new EDFplus file. The "reference" file can be selected<br>
in the menu <a href="#Timelock">Time -> Timereference</a>.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Import_annotations">Import annotations/events</a></h3>
<p>
This tool imports annotations/events. The inputfile can be ASCII (CSV), XML, EDF+, BDF+ or MIT/WFDB format.<br>
It's also possible to use a triggersignal in a DC-coupled channel/signal.<br>
</p>
<p>
Note: You have to open an EDF/BDF file first in order to be able to import annotations/events.<br>
</p>
<h4>ASCII</h4>
<p>
An ASCII-file must be organised in rows and columns.<br>
The decimal separator of numbers must be a dot.<br>
Grouping characters like the comma in for example "12,345.678" are not allowed.<br>
The example must be written as "12345.678".<br>
Line endings must use the "newline" or "linefeed" character (Unix style)<br>
In the import dialog, set the separator character (the character that separates the columns),<br>
for example: "tab" (tabulator),"," (comma) or ";"(semicolon).<br>
Set the column number of the onset time and the description/label.<br>
If the file starts with a header, adjust the "Data starts at line" spinbox in order to skip these lines.<br>
If there's only one column in the ascii/txt file (with onset time values), check the<br>
"Manual description" button and enter a description. This description will be used for all<br>
annotations that will be imported from that ascii/txt file.<br>
<br>
The onset time encoding can be expressed as:
</p>
<ul>
<li>relative from start of file and expressed in seconds</li>
<li>clock time: hh:mm:ss</li>
<li>clock time: hh:mm:ss.xxx</li>
<li>date time: yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss</li>
<li>date time: yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.xxx</li>
</ul>
<h4>XML</h4>
<p>
XML-files need to be encoded either in ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8 character encoding.<br>
The root element name must be "annotationlist", child elements must be named "annotation".<br>
Inside the element "annotation" are the elements "onset", "duration" and "description".<br>
Onset is expressed in the ISO date-time format "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss" or "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.xxx".<br>
Duration is expressed in seconds "145.23" or empty.<br>
Example:<br>
</p>
<pre>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<annotationlist>
<annotation>
<onset>2006-11-14T09:14:31.0000000</onset>
<duration></duration>
<description>REC START IIB CAL </description>
</annotation>
<annotation>
<onset>2006-11-14T09:14:31.0000000</onset>
<duration></duration>
<description>PAT IIB EEG </description>
</annotation>
<annotation>
<onset>2006-11-14T09:14:32.0000000</onset>
<duration></duration>
<description>A1+A2 OFF </description>
</annotation>
</annotationlist>
</pre>
<h4>MIT/WFDB</h4>
<p>
The onset time of the annotations in MIT/WFDB format are expressed in samples offset from the start of the recording.<br>
In case your file contains signals with different samplerates, you need to specify which samplerate should be used to<br>
calculate the onset time of the annotations.<br>
MIT/WFDB annotation files can have various extensions like *.ari *.ecg *.trigger *.qrs *.atr *.apn *.st *.pwave<br>
</p>
<h4>DC-events / DC-triggers</h4>
<p>
A "DC-event" consist of a positive impulse (startbit) followed by eight databits and a stopbit (lowlevel).<br>
This signal is recorded onto a dc-coupled inputchannel of the hardware during acquisition.<br>
The eight databits are used to identify a maximum of 256 different types of events/triggers.<br>
The startbit has always a high level and the stopbit has always a lowlevel.<br>
At idle the signal should stay at low level.<br>
The following example shows a dc-event with decimal code 170:<br>
</p>
<pre>
onsettime of the event
| bittime
| |<->|
v | |
1 Volt +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |<--triggerlevel = 0.5 Volt
| | | | | | | | | |
0 Volt ----------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+--------------
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | | | | | |
idle | | | | | | | | | stopbit, always low
| | | | | | | | db7
| | | | | | | db6
| | | | | | db5
| | | | | db4
| | | | db3
| | | db2
| | db1
| db0
startbit, always high
</pre>
<p>
The binary code in the example is 01010101 which is 170 decimal.<br>
The rising edge of the startbit represents the time of the event (for example, an evoked potential).<br>
The voltage levels can be freely chosen. In the importdialog adjust the triggerlevel to a level that is equal<br>
to: (lowlevel + highlevel) / 2.<br>
Also, set the bittime used for the DC-event.<br>
Note that the intervaltime between two consegutive events must be more than ten times the bittime.<br>
<br>
It is possible not to use the code but just only the startbit. In that case all triggers will have the code "0".<br>
In that case you can use a simple on/off pulse as a trigger.<br>
<br>
Note: The signal which contains the DC-event must be put on the screen in order to be available in the selectionscreen.<br>
Also, the signal must be unipolar, i.e. not a derivation. Next, the detectionalgorithm of the triggers in this signal will bypass<br>
any filters.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Z_EEG">Z-EEG</a></h3>
<p>
To use the Z-EEG measurement, leftclick on the signallabel and choose "Z-EEG".<br>
<br>
Z-ratio = ((Delta + Theta) - (Alpha + Beta)) / (Delta + Theta + Alpha + Beta)<br>
<br>
Z-ratio, therefore, is a measure of the relative contribution of slow to fast EEG activity within a<br>
2-second epoch. It ranges from -1 to +1, with negative values indicating a predominance of fast<br>
activity and positive values indicating a predominance of slow activity.<br>
<br>
A per page score for z-ratio was derived by averaging the majority of 15 2-second z-ratios.<br>
The average of the majority is the z-page.<br>
<br>
The algorithm is derived from<br>
<br>
<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8746389/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8746389/</a><br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="ASCII_to_EDF_converter">ASCII (CSV) to EDF/BDF format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts an ASCII-file (.csv or .txt file) to EDF or BDF. The following rules apply:<br>
<br>
- the data in the ASCII-file must be presented in their physical dimension (i.e. uV, bpm, mmHg, etc.)<br>
- the data in the ASCII-file must be organised in columns and rows<br>
- a row must contain values from different signals/channels acquired at the same sampletime<br>
- a column must represent a continuous sampled signal/channel<br>
- all signals/channels must have the same samplefrequency<br>
- the timeinterval between two consecutive samples of the same signal/channel must have a stable value (fixed samplerate)<br>
- the decimal separator (if any) must be a dot, not a comma<br>
<br>
Enter the following parameters:<br>
<br>
- the character that separates the different columns (i.e. "tab" ","(comma) ";"(semicolon) " "(space) etc.)<br>
<br>
- the number of columns<br>
<br>
- the line at which the data starts. some ASCII-files contain headers, so use this entry<br>
to tell the converter to skip n-lines before interpreting the data<br>
<br>
- samplefrequency<br>
<br>
- subject (the name of the subject)<br>
<br>
- recording (a description about the type of recording/acquisition)<br>
<br>
- startdate and time of the recording/acquisition<br>
<br>
- signals: for every column in the ASCII-file, there is a row in the signals-table.<br>
every row has a checkbox and four inputfields:<br>
<br>
- label (name of the signal/channel i.e. FP1, SaO2, Heartrate, etc.)<br>
- physical maximum (the maximum physical value that can occur, i.e. the maximum inputlevel<br>
of the acquisition equipment. A common value in EEG applications is 3000 uV)<br>
Physical minimum will be equal to physical maximum. For example, if you enter 3000, the<br>
range will be from +3000 to -3000<br>
- physical dimension (units, e.g. uV, mV, %, mmHg, bpm)<br>
- multiplier is normally 1.0. Some programs exports their ascii-data expressed in Volts while<br>
the signal is in the microVolt range. By changing the multiplier you can add gain to the signal before converting.<br>
For example, if the ascii-data is expressed in Volts and the signal is in the microVolt range (EEG),<br>
set the physical maximum to 3000, set the physical dimension to "uV" and set the multiplier to 1000000.<br>
<br>
It is possible to exclude columns, by unchecking the corresponding row in the signals-table.<br>
This can be useful when a column contains a time/datestamp or when you don't want to include<br>
a particular signal in the EDF/BDF-file.<br>
<br>
Click on the startbutton to start the conversion.<br>
Click on the savebutton to save the entered parameters in a template.<br>
Click on the loadbutton to load parameters from a template.<br>
<br>
Note: It's important to enter a correct value in the "physical maximum" field.<br>
If you to choose this value too small, the top of the signal will clip at the peaks.<br>
If you choose this value too big, small values of the signal will not be visible<br>
and the signal will look coarse.<br>
The ideal value for the "physical maximum" is just above (or equal to) the maximum value that can occur,<br>
i.e. the maximum possible output of the sensor or ADC, either positive or negative.<br>
<br>
Note 2: The maximum physical value that the converter can handle, is limited to 9999999. Values above<br>
will be clipped to 9999999 and values below -9999999 will be clipped at -9999999.<br>
If you expect higher values in your ascii-file, use the multiplier. For example,<br>
set the multiplier to 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001, etc.<br>
<br>
Note 3: If you think that, later, you want to make derivations (for example P4 - C4 in EEG applications),<br>
make sure that the signals have the same value in the physical maximum field.<br>
Also, do not set the checkbox "Auto detect physical maximum".
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Nihon_Kohden_to_EDF_format_converter">Nihon Kohden to EDF(+) format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts EEG-files in Nihon Kohden format to the European Data Format<br>
(EDF or EDF+ with annotations/events).<br>
<br>
Three files are needed for a conversion to EDF+:<br>
<br>
- nihonkohdenfile.eeg<br>
- nihonkohdenfile.pnt<br>
- nihonkohdenfile.log<br>
<br>
In case you have only the nihonkohdenfile.eeg you cannot convert to EDF+.<br>
It is still possible to convert to EDF. In that case there will be no annotations/events and patientinfo.<br>
<br>
The Marker/Event channel will be decoded on the fly when opening the new created EDF+ file with EDFbrowser.<br>
If the screen becomes too "noisy" because of drawing too many annotations, you can switch them of by<br>
unchecking the "Read Nihon Kohden Trigger/Marker signal" checkbox in the Settings-menu.<br>
The new settings will be effective after closing and re-opening the file.<br>
Also, you can selectively hide annotations by rightclicking on an annotation in the annotationwindow.<br>
<br>
Note: In case you changed the default electrodenames in the Nihon Kohden acquisition software,<br>
you need also the *.21e file which contains the electrode names (labels).
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="UNISENS_TO_EDFPLUS">Unisens to EDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts the waveform data and events/triggers from a collection of Unisense data files to EDF+.<br>
<br>
Limitations of the converter:<br>
- the Unisens XML-file must be encoded in UTF-8 or ISO-8859-1.<br>
- Broken numbers for samplerate >= 1 Hz will be rounded to the nearby integer e.g. 2.75 Hz will be rounded to 3 Hz.<br>
Samplerates below 1 Hz will be rounded to 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, etc. til 1/1000 Hz.<br>
Lowest samplerate is 0.001 Hz<br>
- Output format of the converter is EDF+ (16-bit) when all files have a samplesize of 16-bit or lower.<br>
When one or more files have a samplesize of more than 16-bit, output format of the converter will be BDF+ (24-bit).<br>
<br>
An extra feature of the converter which is not in the official Unisens data format specification:<br>
- support for binary sampletypes: int24 and uint24.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="SCP_ECG_to_EDFplus">SCP ECG to EDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts an SCP-ECG (EN 1064:2005+A1:2007) file to EDF+.<br>
Before conversion it performs a CRC-check on the file.<br>
Bimodal compression is supported.<br>
Reference beat subtraction is supported.<br>
Pacemake spike measurements, if present, are imported as well.<br>
Encoding using the default Huffman table is supported.<br>
Customized Huffman tables are not supported.<br>
Character-encoding other than ASCII/Latin-1 is not supported.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="MIT_to_EDFplus">MIT (PhysioBank) to EDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts the waveform data and annotations from the MIT-format to EDF+.<br>
It's used for files from PhysioBank at <a href="https://physionet.org/">physionet.org</a>.<br>
At this moment it supports the Formats "212", "16" and "61".<br>
Most of the signal files in PhysioBank are written in format 212.<br>
Annotations (in the files with extensions *.atr, *.ari, *.ecg, *.trigger, *.qrs, *.apn, *.st)<br>
will be read and converted to EDF+ as well.<br>
In case the file that contains the annotations has a different extension, just rename the<br>
extension to .atr. Otherwise the converter will not read the annotations.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Manscan_to_EDFplus">Manscan to EDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts a Manscan MICROAMPS binary data file to EDF+.<br>
Two files are needed for the conversion, one with the extension ".mbi" and one with the extension ".mb2".<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Biosemi_to_BDFplus">Biosemi to BDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts a Biosemi data file to BDF+ and makes it possible to visualize the<br>
trigger interrupts and the "new epoch" in EDFbrowser. <br>
The Status signal of the Biosemi datafile which contains the input triggers will be<br>
converted to annotations in the BDF+ format. The original file will not be altered.<br>
Instead, a copy of the file will be made in the BDF+ format which will contain annotations<br>
extracted from the Status signal (which contains the input triggers).<br>
The original Status signal will be preserved in the new file.<br>
You'll find the Biosemi to BDF+ converter in the Tools-menu.<br>
<br>
BDF+ files are backwards compatible and can be read and processed with older BDF software.<br>
BDF+ files can be converted to EDF+ while preserving your annotations.<br>
Use the <a href="#bdf2edfconverter">BDF to EDF converter</a> in the Tools menu.<br><br>
Limitations:<br><br>
- The maximum number of annotations (input triggers) in the new file is:<br>
duration of file in seconds multiplied by 32. If the original file contains more trigger input events, they will be ignored.<br>
If, for example, the duration of a file is 5 minutes, the first 9600 input triggers will be converted to BDF+ annotations.<br><br>
- The resolution of the annotations is limited to 100 microSeconds (0.0001 sec.).<br><br>
- Only the 17 lowest bits of the Status signal will be evaluated and converted.<br><br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Fino_to_EDF">Finometer to EDF converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts the ASCII-output (*.txt) of the Finometer (Beatscope) to EDF. <br>
Finometer is a non-invasive stationary blood measurement and beat to beat haemodynamic monitoring system<br>
made by Finapres Medical Systems.<br>
<br>
Start Beatscope and open the file of interest.<br>
<br>
Go to File -> Export.<br>
<br>
- set export type to textfile<br>
- set timeformat to seconds<br>
- check output: header<br>
- set averaging to none<br>
- check datacolumnwidth: delimiter<br>
- set delimiter to semicolon ";"<br>
- check export beats and/or events: beats only<br>
- select the channels you want to export<br>
<br>
Now click on the Export-button to create the file.<br>
<br>
In EDFbrowser, you'll find the Finometer to EDF converter in the Tools-menu.<br>
In order to create a correct EDF-file header, enter the subject and a description about<br>
the type of recording/acquisition.<br>
Adjust the startdate and starttime to the date and time when the Finometer registration took place.<br>
<br>
Click on the "select file" button to select the Finometer/Beatscope file.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Wave_to_EDF">Wave to EDF converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts a Waveform Audio File (*.wav) to EDF.<br>
The converter accepts 8, 16 and 24 bit wave files.<br>
It accepts 1 to 256 channels and samplerates from 1 Hz to 500000 Hz.<br>
8 and 16 bit wave files will be converted to EDF. 24 bit wave files will be<br>
converted to BDF. Compressed files are not supported.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="FMaudio_to_EDF">FM Audio ECG to EDF converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts an audiorecording containing an FM modulated ECG waveform to EDF.<br>
The carrier centerfrequency of the FM signal is 1900Hz. Frequency deviation is 100Hz<br>
per milli-Volt. This technique is used to upload ECG recording via POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service).<br>
The converter has been tested with audio recordings from Cardiette Microtel but should work<br>
also with devices from Aerotel HeartView.<br>
<br>
The converter accepts recordings stored in WAV format with 16-bit resolution.<br>
The recording must contain only one channel (mono) and the samplerate must be<br>
one of the following: 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, 44100, 48000, 88200 or 96000 Hz.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Nexfin_to_EDF">Nexfin to EDF converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts the ASCII-output (*.csv) of the Nexfin (FrameInspector) to EDF. <br>
Nexfin is a non-invasive stationary blood measurement and beat to beat haemodynamic monitoring system<br>
made by Bmeye B.V.<br>
<br>
Start FrameInspector (it can be downloaded from the Nexfin website), open the file of interest and<br>
choose "Generic export".<br>
<br>
Now click on the Export-button to create the csv and bin files.<br>
<br>
In EDFbrowser, you'll find the Nexfin to EDF converter in the Tools-menu.<br>
In order to create a correct EDF-file header, enter the subject and a description about<br>
the type of recording/acquisition.<br>
Adjust the startdate and starttime to the date and time when the Nexfin registration took place.<br>
<br>
Select which file you want to convert: beat-to-beat data, blood pressure waveform or the analog inputs.<br>
(for analog inputs: select "4 inputs" in case AO option is configured, else "1 input")<br>
Click on the "select file" button to select the Nexfin/FrameInspector csv or bin file.<br>
For beat-to-beat data you need to select the file that ends with "_100.csv".<br>
For blood pressure waveform you need to select the file that ends with "_103.bin".<br>
For the analog inputs you need to select the file that ends with "_032.bin".
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Emsa_to_EDF">Emsa to EDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts an Emsa eeg-file (*.PLG) to EDF+. If the corresponding *.LBK file is<br>
present, the annotations/events will be exported to EDF+ as well.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Cardiotrak_to_EDF">CardioTrak EDF to EDF+ format converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts a CardioTrak EDF file to EDF+ and extracts non-compliant events to EDF+ annotations.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="edfd_to_edfc">EDF+D to EDF+C converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts an EDF+D file to multiple EDF+C files. An EDF+D file can contain<br>
interrupted recordings. This converter export every uninterrupted recording to a new<br>
uninterrupted EDF+C file.<br>
This tool can be used for BDF+D files as well.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="bdf2edfconverter">BDF(+) to EDF(+) converter</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts a BDF file to an EDF file. A BDF+ file will be converted to<br>
EDF+, including the annotations/events.<br>
It offers a first order highpass-filter to remove the DC-offset of the signal in order<br>
to make the 24-bits samples fit into the 16-bits samples of EDF.<br>
The cutoff-frequency of the highpass-filters can be adjusted for every signal.<br>
You can also select which signals have to be converted into the new EDF(+) file.<br>
Increasing the divider lowers the resolution but increases the range (physical<br>
maximum and minimum)
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="EDF_and_BDF_compatibility_checker">EDF(+) and BDF(+) compatibility checker</a></h3>
<p>
This tool checks if a file is EDF(+) or BDF(+) compliant.<br>
It checks the data and all the annotations and timestamps.<br>
When it finds an error, it tells you what the error is and where it is in the file.<br>
<br>
A description of the EDF fileformat can be found at:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.teuniz.net/edfbrowser/edf%20format%20description.html">https://www.teuniz.net/edfbrowser/edf format description.html</a><br>
<br>
A description of the EDF+ fileformat can be found at:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.edfplus.info/specs/edfplus.html">https://www.edfplus.info/specs/edfplus.html</a><br>
<br>
A description of the BDF fileformat can be found at:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.biosemi.com/faq/file_format.htm">https://www.biosemi.com/faq/file_format.htm</a><br>
<br>
A description of the BDF+ fileformat can be found at:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.teuniz.net/edfbrowser/bdfplus%20format%20description.html">https://www.teuniz.net/edfbrowser/bdfplus format description.html</a><br>
<br>
note:<br>
<br>
A compatibility check of the header of the file is always done when you open an<br>
EDF(+)/BDF(+) file. When a file appears to be incompatible it will not be opened,<br>
you will be informed about the cause of the incompatibility instead.<br>
<br>
Note: If a file cannot be opened with EDFbrowser because of invalid characters in the header<br>
(the EDF format allows 7-bit ascii characters only), you can repair the non-compliant file with the <a href="#Header_editor">header editor</a>.<br>
In EDFbrowser go to Tools -> Header editor. Select the file. Now click on the "save" button<br>
(do not edit the content!). Close the header editor. Now open the file in EDFbrowser.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Binary_to_EDF">Binary/raw to EDF</a></h3>
<p>
This tool converts the binary (raw) (ADC-)data from a file to a new EDF-file.<br>
This is a kind of "last resort" measure when there are no other tools or EDF-converters available.<br>
You need to figure out how the data in your file is organised and you need to have a good knowledge of<br>
how computers store data in memory (file). This tool is for experts only.<br>
<br>
All signals must have the same samplerate and the data-samples in the file must be stored sequentially:<br>
sample 1 ch.1, sample 1 ch.2, sample 1 ch.3,<br>
sample 2 ch.1, sample 2 ch.2, sample 2 ch.3,<br>
sample 3 ch.1, sample 3 ch.2, sample 3 ch.3,<br>
sample 4 ch.1, etc.<br>
<br>
Set the samplefrequency and the number of signals (channels).<br>
The samplesize is the size of a digital sample expressed in bytes.<br>
Encoding is the binary system used to present a digital value:<br>
<br>
<pre>
value bipolar offset binary 2's complement<br>
15 1111 0111<br>
14 1110 0110<br>
.... .... ....<br>
2 1010 0010<br>
1 1001 0001<br>
0 1000 0000<br>
-1 0111 1111<br>
-2 0110 1110<br>
.... .... ....<br>
-15 0001 1001<br>
-16 0000 1000<br>
</pre>
<p>
See also: <a href="http://www.ti.com/general/docs/lit/getliterature.tsp?baseLiteratureNumber=sbaa042">Coding Schemes Used with Data Converters</a><br>
Most files contain some kind of header. Adjust the Offset to the point where the data starts.<br>
When a digital sample consists of multiple bytes, and the LSB (least significant byte) comes first,<br>
select little Endian. If the MSB (most significant byte) comes first, select big endian.<br>
Data blocksize is usually 0. Used only when some bytes must be skipped in a regular interval.<br>
Skip bytes is the number of bytes that must be skipped (ignored) after every Data blocksize number of databytes.<br>
Skip bytes is ignored when Data blocksize is set to 0.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Print_to_PDF">Print to PDF</a></h3>
<p>
You can print/export to PDF in File -> Print -> to PDF
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Print_to_IMG">Print to image</a></h3>
<p>
You can print/export to an image in File -> Print -> to Image
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Print_to_EDF">Print to EDF</a></h3>
<p>
The option "Print to EDF" creates a new EDF-file which will contain the signals<br>
(and annotations) as they are on your screen. What you see is what you get,<br>
like when you print to a printer, PDF-file or image. You can also open multiple<br>
files, shift them in time (by using the different timelock options in the timemenu)<br>
and "print" the result as one new EDF-file. The result will contain the time-shifted<br>
signals.<br>
It is also possible to extract one or more signals from one (or more) files into a new file.<br>
<br>
This function is located in File -> Print menu.<br>
<br>
The following rules apply:<br>
<br>
- the length (duration) of the new file will be equal to the selected displaytime (timescale)<br>
<br>
- combined signals (derivations) will become one signal like they are on your screen<br>
<br>
- in case of multiple files, the new file will get the subject, recording, date and time<br>
of the file that has the <a href="#Timelock">reference</a> at the moment of printing.<br>
You can select the reference in the Time-menu<br>
<br>
- if (one of) the file(s) is of type EDF+, the outputfile will be an EDF+ file as well,<br>
otherwise EDF<br>
<br>
- when selected multiple files, either the datarecord duration of these files<br>
needs to be the same or an integer multiple of each other,<br>
or the samplerates of the signals must have integer values.<br>
<br>
- if you selected any filters, these will be applied as well
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Print_to_BDF">Print to BDF</a></h3>
<p>
The option "Print to BDF" creates a new BDF-file which will contain the signals<br>
(and annotations) as they are on your screen, in the same way like the <a href="#Print_to_EDF">Print to EDF</a> function,<br>
except that it is also possible to print EDF(+) files to BDF. You can even mix<br>
EDF and BDF files onto your screen and print them to a new BDF file.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Unify_resolution">Unify resolution</a></h3>
<p>
This tool can be used to give a selected group of signals the same resolution.<br>
Here, resolution means units per least significant bit e.g. uV/bit.<br>
The selected signals must have equal physical dimension (unit) e.g. uV, mV, etc.<br>
The tool creates a copy of the file and corrects the resolution for the selected signals.<br>
It's advised to set the value for the new physical maximum equal to or just above the highest<br>
physical maximum/minimum found in the group of selected signals.<br>
<br>
Typically, physical maximum is set to 3000uV (3mV) for EEG, 6000uV (6mV) for ECG, in case of EDF (16 bit).<br>
For BDF (24 bit) on the other hand, 300000uV (300mV) is a typical value for ExG.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="Commandline_options">Commandline options</a></h3>
<p>
edfbrowser [--rc-host-port=<portnumber>] [[--stream] datafile.edf [mymontage.mtg]]<br>
<br>
It is possible to start the program from the commandline:<br>
<br>
edfbrowser<br>
<br>
this will start the program.<br>
<br>
or<br>
<br>
edfbrowser myfile.edf<br>
<br>
this will start the program with the file myfile.edf opened.<br>
<br>
or<br>
<br>
edfbrowser myfile.edf mymontage.mtg<br>
<br>
this will start the program with the file myfile.edf opened and using the montage mymontage.mtg.<br>
<br>
or<br>
<br>
edfbrowser --stream myfile.edf mymontage.mtg<br>
<br>
this will start the program with the streaming file myfile.edf opened and using the montage mymontage.mtg.
</p>
<p><br></p>
<h3><a name="Remote_control">Remote control</a></h3>
<p>
EDFbrowser can be controlled by another program using a direct TCP connection (aka <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet">Telnet</a>) using a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localhost">loopback port</a>.<br>
Start EDFbrowser with the option --rc-host-port=<portnumber>.<br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)">Portnumber</a> is the TCP port and must be free and between 1024 and 65535.<br>
(You can use the command <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat">ss -lntu</a> to check for ports already occupied on your system, use a port number that is not in that list.)<br>
<br>
The following rules apply:<br>
- Max one connection at a time.<br>
- Every command/query must end with a newline character.<br>
- The decimal separator (if any) must be a dot.<br>
- Commands are not case sensitive<br>
- Commands may be abbreviated as long as they can be uniquely identified and as long as they contain at least three characters.<br>
<br>
After starting EDFbrowser, you can test the control port by using the command telnet 127.0.0.1 <portnumber> (or use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PuTTY">Putty</a>)<br>
In case of connection problems, check your firewall settings.<br>
<br>
By default, the remote control port will be configured as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localhost">loopback port</a> and will not be accessible from your network.<br>
You can make the remote control port publicly accessible by enabling it in Settings -> Options -> Other.<br>
However, this is not recommended and can be a potential security issue.<br>
<br>
Command list: parameters in angle brackets are mandatory and must be replaced with actual values<br>
</p>
<div>
<table class="border">
<tr class="border">
<th class="border" style="text-align:center;">Command</th>
<th class="border" style="text-align:center;">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">*LIST?</td>
<td class="border">Returns a list of commands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">*IDN?</td>
<td class="border">Identity query, returns the program name and version</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">*QUIT</td>
<td class="border">Closes EDFbrowser</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">*RST</td>
<td class="border">Closes all open files</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">*CLS</td>
<td class="border">Clears the error queue</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">*OPC?</td>
<td class="border">Operation complete: returns 1 if it has finished the operation, otherwise it returns 0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">FILe:OPEn <path></td>
<td class="border">Opens a file</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">FILe:CLOse:ALL</td>
<td class="border">Closes all open files</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">FILe:PLAy</td>
<td class="border">Toggles play/pause</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">FILe:STOp</td>
<td class="border">Stop playback</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">STReam:OPEn <path></td>
<td class="border">Opens a streaming file</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">MONtage:LOAd <path> <file number></td>
<td class="border">Loads a montage file and applies it to the file "file number", file number indicates which one of the opened files, must be in the range 1 - 32<br>
File numbering order equals the order in which they were opened</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SESsion:LOAd <path></td>
<td class="border">Loads a session file</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:ADD:LABel <label> <file number></td>
<td class="border">Adds the signal "label" from the file "file number" to the screen, file number indicates which one of the opened files, must be in the range 1 - 32<br>
File numbering order equals the order in which they were opened</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:AMPlitude:ALL <units></td>
<td class="border">Sets the amplitude for all signals (expressed in units/cm), units can be an integer or a real number and must be in the range +1e-7 to +1e6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:AMPlitude:LABel <label> <units></td>
<td class="border">Sets the amplitude for signal "label" (expressed in units/cm) e.g. SIGNAL:AMPLITUDE:LABEL F3 100<br>
Units can be an integer or a real number and must be in the range +1e-7 to +1e6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:AMPlitude:FIT:ALL</td>
<td class="border">Adjusts the amplitude for all signals automatically (fit to pane)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:AMPlitude:FIT:LABel <label></td>
<td class="border">Adjusts the amplitude for signal "label" automatically (fit to pane)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:OFFset:ADJust:ALL</td>
<td class="border">Adjusts the vertical offset relative to the baseline for all signals automatically</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:OFFset:ADJust:LABel <label></td>
<td class="border">Adjusts the vertical offset relative to the baseline for signal "label" automatically</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:OFFset:ZERo:ALL</td>
<td class="border">Sets the vertical offset relative to the baseline for all signals to zero</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:OFFset:ZERo:LABel <label></td>
<td class="border">Sets the vertical offset relative to the baseline for signal "label" to zero</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:INVert:ALL <0|1|2></td>
<td class="border">Display all signals inverted if value is 1, display all signals normally if value is 0,<br>
if value is 2: toggle (invert if not inverted, display normal if inverted)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:INVert:LABel <label> <0|1|2></td>
<td class="border">Display signal "label" inverted if value is 1, display signal label normally if value is 0,<br>
if value is 2: toggle (invert if not inverted, display normal if inverted)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:REMove:LABel <label></td>
<td class="border">Removes signal "label" from the screen</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SIGnal:REMove:ALL</td>
<td class="border">Removes all signals from the screen</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMEScale?</td>
<td class="border">Returns the timescale in seconds</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMEScale <seconds></td>
<td class="border">Sets the timescale, seconds can be an integer or a real number and must be in the range +1e-5 to +6048e3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMEScale:MMSecond?</td>
<td class="border">Returns the timescale in millimeters per second</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMEScale:MMSecond <millimeters></td>
<td class="border">Sets the timescale in millimeters per second, can be an integer or a real number and must be in the range 1e-3 to 1e6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">VIEwtime?</td>
<td class="border">Returns the viewtime in seconds relative to the start of the recording</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">VIEwtime <seconds></td>
<td class="border">Sets the viewtime relative to the start of the recording, seconds can be an integer or a real number and must be in the range -3e1 to +6048e3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMELock:MODe?</td>
<td class="border">Returns the <a href="#Timelock">Timelock / File synchronisation</a> mode, 0 = offset, 1 = absolute, 2 = no locking, 3 = user defined locking</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMELock:MODe <0|1|2|3></td>
<td class="border">Sets the <a href="#Timelock">Timelock / File synchronisation</a> mode, 0 = offset, 1 = absolute, 2 = no locking, 3 = user defined locking</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMELock:REFerence?</td>
<td class="border">Returns the file number of the file that acts as the <a href="#Timelock">reference</a>, file numbering order equals the order in which they were opened</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">TIMELock:REFerence <file number></td>
<td class="border">Sets the file number of the file that will act as the <a href="#Timelock">reference</a>, file number indicates which one of the opened files, must be in the range 1 - 32<br>
File numbering order equals the order in which they were opened</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SYStem:ERRor?</td>
<td class="border">Queries the last entry in the error queue and deletes it, if there are no more errors in the queue, it returns 0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SYStem:LOCk?</td>
<td class="border">Returns 1 if the system is locked, otherwise 0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">SYStem:LOCk <0|1></td>
<td class="border">If value is 1, the GUI (graphical user interface) will be locked, otherwise it will be unlocked<br>
If the GUI is locked, EDFbrowser will ignore all user input (mouse, keyboard)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<div>
<table class="border">
<tr class="border">
<th class="border" style="text-align:center;">Error</th>
<th class="border" style="text-align:center;">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border" style="text-align:center;">0</td>
<td class="border">There are no errors in the error queue</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">101</td>
<td class="border">Cannot open a second file</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">102</td>
<td class="border">Cannot open a second file</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">103</td>
<td class="border">Attempt to open too many files</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">104</td>
<td class="border">File has an unknown extension</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">105</td>
<td class="border">Cannot open file for reading</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">106</td>
<td class="border">File is not EDF or BDF compliant</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">107</td>
<td class="border">File is discontiguous (EDF+D or BDF+D)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">108</td>
<td class="border">File has a formatting error</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">109</td>
<td class="border">Cannot open a streaming file when there's already a file open</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">201</td>
<td class="border">Command syntax error</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">202</td>
<td class="border">Unknown command received</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">203</td>
<td class="border">Invalid parameter received</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">204</td>
<td class="border">Missing parameter</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">205</td>
<td class="border">Operation not possible</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">206</td>
<td class="border">Malloc error</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">207</td>
<td class="border">Item not found</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">208</td>
<td class="border">Parameter value out of range</td>
</tr>
<tr class="border">
<td class="border">301</td>
<td class="border">Busy, try again later, use the command *OPC?<br>
to check if EDFbrowser has finished the operation</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br></p>
<h3><a name="FAQ">FAQ</a></h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li><a href="#FAQ_1">How do I add signals to the screen?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_2">How can I change the sensitivity or amplitude of a signal?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_3">How can I see the value of a signal?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_4">I added signals from multiple files but some of them are not visible on the screen.</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_5">I want to open two files in different windows.</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_6">When I try to open a file, it says that the file is not EDF(+)/BDF(+) compliant.</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_7">How can I combine multiple EDF/BDF files?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_8">What is the difference between EDF and BDF?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_9">When I print a file, the borders are cut away</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_10">When I print to a PDF file, the traces look grey instead of black when I open the file<br>
in Adobe Reader 8.x.</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_11">Why are the annotationmarkers not visible?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_12">The amplitude settings are not correct. For example, 100 uV/cm is 100 uV/1.5 cm.</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_13">What are the system requirements?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_14">Which operatingsystems are supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_15">Which license is used for the program?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_16">I think I found a bug. Where do I report it?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_17">Why is EDFbrowser so strict about formatting and refuses to open files that are not completely EDF compliant?</a></li>
<li><a href="#FAQ_18">Why can't EDFbrowser accept extended-ASCII characters in the EDF header?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<p>
<a name="FAQ_1"></a>
Q. How do I add signals to the screen?<br>
<br>
A. Use the <a href="#Signaldialog">signalsdialog</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_2"></a>
Q. How can I change the amplitude of a signal?<br>
<br>
A. Leftclick on the signallabel of that signal. A small dialog will appear. There is a<br>
spinbox that will let you change the amplitude of the signal.<br>
Another way is to rightclick on the signallabel and move the mousepointer up or down<br>
while keeping the right mousebutton pressed. This will increase or decrease the amplitude<br>
of the signal on the screen.<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_3"></a>
Q. How can I see the value of a signal?<br>
<br>
A. Use a <a href="#Crosshairs">crosshair</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_4"></a>
Q. I added signals from multiple files but some of them are not visible on the screen.<br>
<br>
A. Go to the "Time" menu and set it to "Synchronize start of files".<br>
Then select Time -> Go to start of file.<br>
Now select Amplitude -> Fit to pane.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_5"></a>
Q. I want to open two files in different windows.<br>
<br>
A. Start the program twice and you can open files in different windows.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_6"></a>
Q. When I try to open a file, it says that the file is not EDF(+)/BDF(+) compliant.<br>
What do I do?<br>
<br>
A. Try to find out what program created that file. Write the maker/developer of that<br>
program and tell him/her that the program does not produce valid EDF(+)/BDF(+) files.<br>
Ask him/her to fix that program.<br>
If you get the message that a character in the header is not a valid ASCII-character,<br>
use the <a href="#Header_editor">header editor</a> to repair your file.
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_7"></a>
Q. How can I combine multiple EDF/BDF files?<br>
<br>
A. Use the <a href="#Print_to_EDF">Print to EDF</a> function.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_8"></a>
Q. What is the difference between EDF and BDF?<br>
<br>
A. The difference is the resolution. In EDF the maximum resolution is 16 bits, so the ratio<br>
between the smallest and the largest value is 1 to 2^16 or 1:65536.<br>
In BDF the resolution is 24 bits, so the ratio between the smallest and the largest value is<br>
1 to 2^24 or 1:16777216. In other words, the dynamic range of a BDF file is much higher.<br>
BDF is the 24-bits version of EDF, invented because more and more ADC's/acquisition systems use<br>
24-bits analoog to digital converters. When you try to store the data from a 24-bits ADC into EDF,<br>
you will lose information.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_9"></a>
Q. When I print a file, the borders are cut away (the first characters of the signallabels are missing).<br>
<br>
A. In the printerdialog, choose "landscape" and the right papersize (A4) and<br>
adjust the margins in the printerproperties.<br>
For example, set top and bottom margins to 0.85 cm and the left and right margins to 1.27 cm.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_10"></a>
Q. When I print to a PDF file, the traces look grey instead of black when I open the file<br>
in Adobe Reader 8.x.<br>
<br>
A. In Adobe Reader, go to Edit->Preferences->Page Display and uncheck "Smooth line art".<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_11"></a>
Q. Why are the annotationmarkers not visible?<br>
<br>
A. Go to the Settings menu. Check "Annotation marker" and make sure that it<br>
has a different color than the background color.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_12"></a>
Q. The amplitude settings are not correct. For example, 100 uV/cm is 100 uV/1.5 cm.<br>
<br>
A. This can happen when the DPI-settings of the operatingsystem are wrong. For example,<br>
when EDFbrowser cannot read your monitorsettings or when the monitorsettings are wrong.<br>
You can solve this as follows. Go to the settingsmenu and open the Calibration tab and<br>
check the "Manually override automatic DPI settings" checkbox. Now measure the two black<br>
rectangles, enter the values and click on the apply button.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_13"></a>
Q. What are the system requirements?<br>
<br>
A. There are no special requirements. However, the faster your CPU and the more memory,<br>
the faster you can navigate. For example, a large pagetime (five minutes or more) will make<br>
the responsetime of the program longer, specially when you add a lot of signals and/or<br>
when the signals have a high samplerate.<br>
When you open a file with a size of hundred megabytes and you choose to make the whole<br>
recording visible on the screen, the program will load the whole file (hundred megabytes)<br>
into memory (RAM).<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_14"></a>
Q. Which operatingsystems are supported?<br>
<br>
A. Linux and windows 2000/XP/Vista/7/8/10. The Mac is not supported but some people reported that<br>
they have successfully compiled it from source on a Mac.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_15"></a>
Q. Which license is used for the program?<br>
<br>
A. The GNU General Public License version 3. For more info go to Help -> About EDFbrowser.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_16"></a>
Q. I think I found a bug. Where do I report it?<br>
<br>
A. First check if you are using the latest version of EDFbrowser.<br>
If the bug persists, send an email to <a href="mailto:teuniz@protonmail.com">teuniz@protonmail.com</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_17"></a>
Q. Why is EDFbrowser so strict about formatting and refuses to open files that are not completely EDF compliant?<br>
<br>
A. EDFbrowser has a zero-tolerance policy regarding non-compliant files. This is done in order to make people aware of it and<br>
to push them to contact the producer of the software that created the non-compliant file and file a bugreport there.<br>
It's the opinion of the author of EDFbrowser that problems with non-compliant files should be solved at the producer,<br>
not at the viewer.<br>
In practice, if EDFbrowser should allow minor formatting errors, nobody will file a bugreport because of reasons like:<br>
"Yes, I'll file a bug report later when I have time..."<br>
"Why should I file a bugreport if there's already a solution at hand? Time is money!"<br>
<br>
EDFbrowser offers a tool that can repair minor errors in non-compliant files: the <a href="#Header_editor">header editor</a>.<br>
Simply open the file in the <a href="#Header_editor">header editor</a> and press "Save". That's all.<br>
In case you have a whole bunch of non-compliant files, you can use this script: <a href="https://www.teuniz.net/edf-hdr-repair/">https://www.teuniz.net/edf-hdr-repair/</a><br>
Direct your complains to the producer of your non-compliant files.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a name="FAQ_18"></a>
Q. Why can't EDFbrowser accept extended-ASCII characters in the EDF header?<br>
<br>
A. Officially, there doesn't exist a so-called "extended" ASCII set. The ASCII character set is a 7-bit only character set and<br>
and does not have any characters like for example with accents.<br>
Unofficially, there exists many extended character sets. So, which one should be chosen? And why that particular one and not another one?<br>
Also, there's no method in EDF to indicate which extended ASCII set is in use. So, a character that looks fine when opened using a computer<br>
with a certain country setting (localization setting), can look wrong when opened using a computer with a different country setting.<br>
There's no way to guarantee that the information is correct when using extended ASCII.<br>
</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="#Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></p>
</body>
</html>
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