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<title>How to use edlin</title>
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<h1>How to use edlin</h1>
<p>The FreeDOS edlin program is a small line editor as a functional equivalent of MS-DOS edlin. It differs from MS-DOS edlin in that <em>it's free software</em> and <em>the user interface is slightly different in a few places</em>. The reason for the difference is so that the user does not have to type in control characters mandated by MS-DOS edlin's syntax.</p>
<h2>Invoking edlin</h2>
<p>The edlin program is invoked either by itself:</p>
<pre><code>edlin</code></pre>
<p>or with a filename that's initially read in if it exists or if it is not, treated as a new file:</p>
<pre><code>edlin file</code></pre>
<h2>Editor commands</h2>
<p>In the following command lists:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <samp>[</samp> and <samp>]</samp> brackets represent optional values.</li>
<li>The <samp>#</samp> symbol indicates a line number, which can be one of several possible values:
<ul>
<li>A string of digits as <i>a literal line number</i>, such as <code>12</code> for line 12.</li>
<li><code>.</code> ("period") as <i>the current line in the file</i>.</li>
<li><code>$</code> ("dollar") as <i>the last line in the file</i>.</li>
<li><code>#</code> ("number") as <i>the line number just after the last line in the file</i>.</li>
<li><code>+<samp>n</samp></code> or <code>-<samp>n</samp></code> as <i>a count added or subtracted from a line number</i>. This is useful for relative line addressing, such as <code>.+1</code> for the line after the current line.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <samp>$</samp> symbol represents a string of characters. Strings may be enclosed in either single or double quotes, and may contain the following escape sequences:
<dl>
<dt><code>\a</code></dt>
<dd>Alert character</dd>
<dt><code>\b</code></dt>
<dd>Backspace character</dd>
<dt><code>\e</code></dt>
<dd>Escape</dd>
<dt><code>\f</code></dt>
<dd>Form feed</dd>
<dt><code>\t</code></dt>
<dd>Horizontal tab</dd>
<dt><code>\v</code></dt>
<dd>Vertical tab</dd>
<dt><code>\"</code></dt>
<dd>Double quote</dd>
<dt><code>\'</code></dt>
<dd>Single quote</dd>
<dt><code>\.</code></dt>
<dd>Period</dd>
<dt><code>\\</code></dt>
<dd>Backslash</dd>
<dt><code>\x<samp>XX</samp></code></dt>
<dd>Hexadecimal value, where each <samp>X</samp> is a hexadecimal digit (<code>0</code> to <code>F</code>, uppercase or lowercase)</dd>
<dt><code>\d<samp>NNN</samp></code></dt>
<dd>Decimal value, where each <samp>N</samp> is a decimal digit (<code>0</code> to <code>9</code>)</dd>
<dt><code>\<samp>OOO</samp></code></dt>
<dd>Octal value, where each <samp>O</samp> is an octal digit (<code>0</code> to <code>7</code>)</dd>
<dt><code>\^<samp>C</samp></code></dt>
<dd>Control character, such as <code>\^J</code> for the literal "control J" (linefeed) character.</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The edlin program supports the following editor commands:</p>
<h3><code>#</code>
· Edit a single line</h3>
<p>The edlin program outputs the single line indicated by the number, and the next inputted line replaces the outputted line in the file.</p>
<h3><code>a</code>
· Append to the file</h3>
<p>This command is equivalent to <code>$+1i</code>
<h3><code><samp>[#]</samp>,<samp>[#]</samp>,<samp>#</samp>,<samp>[#]</samp>c</code>
· Copy a range of lines</h3>
<p>Copy a range of consecutive lines to another location in the buffer. The parameters are, in order:</p>
<ol>
<li>The first line you want to copy (default is the current line)</li>
<li>The last line you want to copy (default is the current line)</li>
<li>The line before which you want to <em>insert</em> the block of lines</li>
<li>The number of times you want to copy the block (default is 1)</li>
</ol>
<p>After copying lines, use the <code>l</code> (list) command to see the new line numbers.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#][</samp>,<samp>#]</samp>d</code>
· Delete a range of lines</h3>
<p>Delete a block of consecutive lines from the buffer. The parameters are the first and last line of the block to be deleted.</p>
<p>If you omit the first parameter, delete the block from the current line <em>to the line specified in the second parameter</em> (be sure to include the comma).</p>
<p>If you omit the second parameter, delete <em>only</em> the line specified in the first parameter.</p>
<p>Omitting both parameters deletes the current line.</p>
<h3><code>e <samp>filename</samp></code>
· Save and exit</h3>
<p>This command is equivalent to <code>w <samp>filename</samp></code> followed by <code>q</code>
<p>This verifies whether the user actually wants to quit before doing so. To quit, answer the "Abort edit (Y/N)?" prompt with "yes."</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#]</samp>i</code>
· Insert lines</h3>
<p>Enter insert mode. Its parameter is the line number <em>before</em> which you want to insert lines.</p>
<p>While entering text, you can use the escape sequences from above.</p>
<p>To exit insert mode, type <code>.</code> (period) on a line by itself. (If you need a line with just a period, you need to enter it as <code>\.</code>)</p>
<p>After exiting insert mode, the line <em>after</em> the inserted text becomes the current line—unless the insertion was appended to the end of the buffer, in which case the last line in the buffer becomes the new current line.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#][</samp>,<samp>#]</samp>l</code>
· List lines</h3>
<p>List the lines of text to the screen. If you omit the first parameter, start showing text starting at 11 lines before the current line.</p>
<p>If you omit the second parameter, shows a screen of text beginning with the line specified in the first parameter.</p>
<p>If you omit both parameters, show a screen of text starting at 11 lines before the current line.</p>
<p>If the number of lines to show is longer than the number of lines on the screen, edlin will prompt after each screen.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#]</samp>,<samp>[#]</samp>,<samp>#</samp>m</code>
· Move lines</h3>
<p>Move a block of text to the line before the number specified in the third parameter. It is similar to copying then deleting the original block.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#][</samp>,<samp>#]</samp>p</code>
· Print lines</h3>
<p>Similar to the <code>l</code> (list) command except that the default parameters starts at the current line instead of 11 lines before it.</p>
<h3><code>q</code>
· Quit</h3>
<p>Quit the program. <p>This verifies whether the user actually wants to quit before doing so. To quit, answer the "Abort edit (Y/N)?" prompt with "yes."</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#][</samp>,<samp>#][</samp>?<samp>]</samp>r<samp>$</samp>,<samp>$</samp></code>
· Replace string</h3>
<p>Replace all occurrences of the first string with the second between the two lines specified.</p>
<p>If you omit the first parameter, start replacing at the line <em>after</em> the current line.</p>
<p>If you omit the second parameter, stops replacing text at the last line of the buffer.</p>
<p>If you include the <code>?</code> (question mark), edlin will print a confirmation message before replacing text.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#][</samp>,<samp>#][</samp>?<samp>]</samp>s<samp>$</samp></code>
· Search for a substring</h3>
<p>Search for the first line containing the specified substring.</p>
<p>If you omit the first parameter, start searching from the current line.</p>
<p>If you omit the second parameter, stop the search at the end of the buffer.</p>
<p>If you include the <code>?</code> (question mark), edlin will print a confirmation message. Responding "no" to the confirmation message continues the search; "yes" ends the search.</p>
<p>If the search found the substring, the current line will be set to the line where the search ended.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#]</samp>t <samp>filename</samp></code>
· Transfer a file</h3>
<p>Insert the contents of a file before the specified line number.</p>
<p>If you omit the line number, insert before the current line.</p>
<h3><code><samp>[#]</samp>w <samp>filename</samp></code>
· Write the file</h3>
<p>Write the first <samp>#</samp> lines in the buffer to the specified file.</p>
<p>If you omit the number parameter, write all the lines in the buffer to the file.</p>
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