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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Eggdrop Bind Internals</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#general-workflow-to-create-a-new-bind">General Workflow To Create a New Bind</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-a-new-bind-type-to-the-bind-table">Adding a New Bind Type to the Bind Table</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#triggering-any-bind">Triggering any Bind</a></li>
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<section id="eggdrop-bind-internals">
<h1>Eggdrop Bind Internals<a class="headerlink" href="#eggdrop-bind-internals" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>This document is intended for C developers who want to understand how Eggdrop’s Tcl binds or C binds work.</p>
<p>For documentation purposes the “dcc” bind type is used as an example.</p>
<p>It already exists and is suitable to illustrate the details of bind handling in Eggdrop.</p>
<p>Note: All code snippets are altered for brevity and simplicity, see original source code for the full and current versions.</p>
<section id="general-workflow-to-create-a-new-bind">
<h2>General Workflow To Create a New Bind<a class="headerlink" href="#general-workflow-to-create-a-new-bind" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>To create a new type of bind, there are generally three steps. First, you must add the new bind type to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bind-table">Bind Table</a>. Once you have registered the bind type with the bind table, you must create a <a class="reference internal" href="#c-function">C Function</a> that will be called to perform the functionality you wish to occur when the bind is triggered. Finally, once the C code supporting the new bind has been finished, the new Tcl binding is ready to be used in a Tcl script.</p>
</section>
<section id="adding-a-new-bind-type-to-the-bind-table">
<span id="bind-table"></span><h2>Adding a New Bind Type to the Bind Table<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-a-new-bind-type-to-the-bind-table" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The bind is added to the bind table is by calling, either at module initialization or startup</p>
<div class="highlight-C notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* Global symbol, available to other C files with</span>
<span class="cm"> * extern p_tcl_bind_list H_dcc;</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="n">p_tcl_bind_list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">H_dcc</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="cm">/* Creating the bind table:</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] const char *name Limited in length, see tclhash.h</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] int flags HT_STACKABLE or 0</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] IntFunc Function pointer to C handler</span>
<span class="cm"> * @return p_tcl_bind_list aka (tcl_bind_list_t *)</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="n">H_dcc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_bind_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dcc"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">builtin_dcc</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>What the <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span> <span class="pre">handler</span></code> does is explained later, because a lot happens before it is actually called. <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IntFunc</span></code> is a generic function pointer that returns an <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> with arbitrary arguments.</p>
<p><code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H_dcc</span></code> can be exported from core and imported into modules as any other variable or function. That should be explained in a separate document.</p>
<section id="stackable-binds-ht-stackable">
<span id="ht-stackable"></span><h3>Stackable Binds: HT_STACKABLE<a class="headerlink" href="#stackable-binds-ht-stackable" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p><code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HT_STACKABLE</span></code> means that multiple binds can exist for the same mask. An example of what happens when NOT using this flag shown in the code block below.</p>
<div class="highlight-Tcl notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">bind</span><span class="w"> </span>dcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span>test<span class="w"> </span>proc1<span class="k">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># not stackable</span>
<span class="nv">bind</span><span class="w"> </span>dcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span>test<span class="w"> </span>proc2<span class="k">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># overwrites the first one, only proc2 will be called</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To enable this feature, you must set the second argument to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_bind_table()</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HT_STACKABLE</span></code>. Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HT_STACKABLE</span></code> does not automatically call all the binds that match, see the bind flags listed in <a class="reference internal" href="#id1">Triggering any Bind</a> section for details on the partner flags <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIND_STACKABLE</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIND_WANTRET</span></code> used in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_bind()</span></code>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="adding-bind-functionality">
<span id="c-function"></span><h2>Adding Bind Functionality<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-bind-functionality" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>A C function must created that will be called when the bind is triggered. Importantly, the function is designed to accept specific arguments passed by Tcl.</p>
<div class="highlight-C notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">check_tcl_dcc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">flag_record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FR_GLOBAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FR_CHAN</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_user_flagrec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dcc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">fr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dcc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">con_chan</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">egg_snprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"%ld"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dcc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">sock</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_SetVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"_dcc1"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dcc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">nick</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_SetVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"_dcc2"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_SetVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"_dcc3"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">check_tcl_bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">H_dcc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">fr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" $_dcc1 $_dcc2 $_dcc3"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MATCH_PARTIAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BIND_USE_ATTR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BIND_HAS_BUILTINS</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* snip ..., return code handling */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The global Tcl variables <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$_dcc1</span> <span class="pre">$_dcc2</span> <span class="pre">$_dcc3</span></code> are used as temporary string variables and passed as arguments to the registered Tcl proc.</p>
<p>This shows which arguments the callbacks in Tcl get:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>the nickname of the DCC chat user (handle of the user)</p></li>
<li><p>the IDX (socket id) of the partyline so <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[putdcc]</span></code> can respond back</p></li>
<li><p>another string argument that depends on the caller</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The call to <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_dcc</span></code> can be found in the DCC parsing in <cite>src/dcc.c</cite>.</p>
</section>
<section id="using-the-bind-in-tcl">
<h2>Using the Bind in Tcl<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-bind-in-tcl" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>After the bind table is created with <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_bind_table</span></code>, Tcl procs can already be registered to this bind by calling</p>
<div class="highlight-Tcl notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">bind</span><span class="w"> </span>dcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-|-</span><span class="w"> </span>test<span class="w"> </span>myproc
<span class="k">proc</span><span class="w"> </span>myproc<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">{</span><span class="nv">args</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">putlog</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"myproc was called, argument list: '[join $args ',']'"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Of course it is not clear so far:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>If flags <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-|-</span></code> matter for this bind at all and what they are checked against</p></li>
<li><p>If channel flags have a meaning or global/bot only</p></li>
<li><p>What <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> is matched against to see if the bind should trigger</p></li>
<li><p>Which arguments <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myproc</span></code> receives, the example just accepts all arguments</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="triggering-any-bind">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Triggering any Bind<a class="headerlink" href="#triggering-any-bind" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><cite>check_tcl_bind</cite> is used by all binds and does the following</p>
<div class="highlight-C notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* Generic function to call one/all matching binds</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] tcl_bind_list_t *tl Bind table (e.g. H_dcc)</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] const char *match String to match the bind-masks against</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] struct flag_record *atr Flags of the user calling the bind</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] const char *param Arguments to add to the bind callback proc (e.g. " $_dcc1 $_dcc2 $_dcc3")</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] int match_type Matchtype and various flags</span>
<span class="cm"> * @returns int Match result code</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="cm">/* Source code changed, only illustrative */</span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">check_tcl_bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tcl_bind_list_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">flag_record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">atr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">match_type</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BIND_NOMATCH</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm_last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if bind mask matches */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">check_bind_match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">match_type</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the provided flags suffice for this command. */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">check_bind_flags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">atr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">match_type</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">hits</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* not much more than Tcl_Eval(interp, "<procname> <arguments>"); and grab the result */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">trigger_bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tc</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">func_name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tm</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="bind-flags">
<h3>Bind Flags<a class="headerlink" href="#bind-flags" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The last argument to <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_bind</span></code> in <cite>check_tcl_dcc</cite> sets additional configurations for the bind. These are the allowed defined values:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><strong>Value</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>MATCH_PARTIAL</p></td>
<td><p>Check the triggering value against the beginning of the bind mask, ie DIR triggers a mask for DIRECTORY (case insensitive)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>MATCH_EXACT</p></td>
<td><p>Check the triggering value exactly against the bind mask value (case insensitive)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>MATCH_CASE</p></td>
<td><p>Check the triggering value exactly against the bind mask value (case sensitive)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>MATCH_MASK</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the bind mask is matched against the triggering value as a wildcarded value</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>MATCH_MODE</p></td>
<td><p>Special mode for <cite>bind mode</cite> similar to <cite>MATCH_MASK</cite>. This uses case-insensitive matching before the first space in the mask,
(the channel), and then case sensitive after the first space (the modes)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>MATCH_CRON</p></td>
<td><p>Check the triggering value against a bind mask formatted as a cron entry, ie “30 7 6 7 5 “ triggers a mask for “30 7 * * * “</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>BIND_USE_ATTR</p></td>
<td><p>Check the flags of the user match the flags required to trigger the bind</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BIND_STACKABLE</p></td>
<td><p>Allow one mask to be re-used to call multiple Tcl proc. Must be used with <a class="reference internal" href="#ht-stackable">HT_STACKABLE</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>BIND_WANTRET</p></td>
<td><p>With stacked binds, if the called Tcl proc called returns a ‘1’, halt processing any further binds triggered by the action</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BIND_STACKRET</p></td>
<td><p>Used with BIND_WANTRET; allow stacked binds to continue despite receiving a ‘1’</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="bind-return-values">
<h3>Bind Return Values<a class="headerlink" href="#bind-return-values" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The value returned by the bind is often matched against a desired value to return a ‘1’ (often used with BIND_WANTRET and BIND_STACKRET) to the calling function.</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><strong>Value</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>BIND_NOMATCH</p></td>
<td><p>The bind was not triggered due to not meeting the criteria set for the bind</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BIND_AMBIGUOUS</p></td>
<td><p>The triggering action matched multiple non-stackable binds</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>BIND_MATCHED</p></td>
<td><p>The bind criteria was met, but the Tcl proc it tried to call could not be found</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BIND_EXECUTED</p></td>
<td><p>The bind criteria was met and the Tcl proc was called</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>BIND_EXEC_LOG</p></td>
<td><p>The bind criteria was met, the Tcl proc was called, and Eggdrop logged the bind being called</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BIND_QUIT</p></td>
<td><p>Sentinel value to signal that quit was triggered by the target leaving the partyline or filesys area.
(Virtual bind to CMD_LEAVE)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Note: For a bind type to be stackable it needs to be registered with <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HT_STACKABLE</span></code> AND <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_bind</span></code> must be called with <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIND_STACKABLE</span></code>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="c-binding">
<h2>C Binding<a class="headerlink" href="#c-binding" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>To create a C function that is called by the bind, Eggdrop provides the <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_builtins</span></code> function.</p>
<div class="highlight-C notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* Add a list of C function callbacks to a bind</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] tcl_bind_list_t * the bind type (e.g. H_dcc)</span>
<span class="cm"> * @param[in] cmd_t * a NULL-terminated table of binds:</span>
<span class="cm"> * cmd_t *mycmds = {</span>
<span class="cm"> * {char *name, char *flags, IntFunc function, char *tcl_name},</span>
<span class="cm"> * ...,</span>
<span class="cm"> * {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}</span>
<span class="cm"> * };</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add_builtins</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tcl_bind_list_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cd_tcl_cmd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tclcmd</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tclcmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tclcmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Create Tcl command with automatic or given names *<bindtype>:<funcname>, e.g.</span>
<span class="cm"> * - H_raw {"324", "", got324, "irc:324"} => *raw:irc:324</span>
<span class="cm"> * - H_dcc {"boot", "t", cmd_boot, NULL} => *dcc:boot</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">egg_snprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"*%s:%s"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">funcname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">funcname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* arbitrary void * can be included, we include C function pointer */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tclcmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cdata</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add_cd_tcl_cmd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tclcmd</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind_bind_entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>It automatically creates Tcl commands (e.g. <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*dcc:cmd_boot</span></code>) that will call the <cite>C handler</cite> from <cite>add_bind_table</cite> in the first section <a class="reference internal" href="#bind-table">Bind Table</a> and it gets a context (void *) argument with the C function it is supposed to call (e.g. <cite>cmd_boot()</cite>).</p>
<p>Now we can actually look at the C function handler for dcc as an example and what it has to implement.</p>
</section>
<section id="c-handler">
<h2>C Handler<a class="headerlink" href="#c-handler" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The example handler for DCC looks as follows</p>
<div class="highlight-C notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* Typical Tcl_Command arguments, just like e.g. tcl_putdcc is a Tcl/C command for [putdcc] */</span>
<span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">builtin_dcc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClientData</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cd</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_Interp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">irp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* F: The C function we want to call, if the bind is okay, e.g. cmd_boot() */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Function</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cd</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Task of C function: verify argument count and syntax as any Tcl command */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BADARGS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" hand idx param"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* C Macro only used in C handlers for bind types, sanity checks the Tcl proc name</span>
<span class="cm"> * for *<bindtype>:<name> and that we are in the right C handler</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CHECKVALIDITY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builtin_dcc</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">findidx</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]));</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_AppendResult</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">irp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"invalid idx"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TCL_ERROR</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Call the desired C function, e.g. cmd_boot() with their arguments */</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dcc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_ResetResult</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">irp</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Tcl_AppendResult</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">irp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"0"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TCL_OK</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is finally the part where we see the arguments a C function gets for a DCC bind as opposed to a Tcl proc.</p>
<p><code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">F(dcc[idx].user,</span> <span class="pre">idx,</span> <span class="pre">argv[3])</span></code>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>User information as struct userrec *</p></li>
<li><p>IDX as int</p></li>
<li><p>The 3rd string argument from the Tcl call to *dcc:cmd_boot, which was <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$_dcc3</span></code> which was <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code> to <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_dcc</span></code> which was everything after the dcc command</p></li>
</ul>
<p>So this is how we register C callbacks for binds with the correct arguments</p>
<div class="highlight-C notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">/* We know the return value is ignored because the return value of F</span>
<span class="cm"> * in builtin_dcc is ignored, so it can be void, but for other binds</span>
<span class="cm"> * it could be something else and used in the C handler for the bind.</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">cmd_boot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">userrec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">par</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* snip */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">cmd_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">mycmds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"boot"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"t"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IntFunc</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd_boot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* automatic name: *dcc:boot */</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">add_builtins</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">H_dcc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mycmds</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="summary">
<h2>Summary<a class="headerlink" href="#summary" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>In summary, this is how the dcc bind is called:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_dcc()</span></code> creates Tcl variables <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$_dcc1</span> <span class="pre">$_dcc2</span> <span class="pre">$_dcc3</span></code> and lets <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_tcl_bind</span></code> call the binds</p></li>
<li><p>Tcl binds are done at this point</p></li>
<li><p>C binds mean the Tcl command associated with the bind is <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*dcc:boot</span></code> which calls <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtin_dcc</span></code> which gets <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmd_boot</span></code> as ClientData cd argument</p></li>
<li><p><code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gbuildin_dcc</span></code> performs some sanity checking to avoid crashes and then calls <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmd_boot()</span></code> aka <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">F()</span></code> with the arguments it wants C callbacks to have</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Example edited and annotated gdb backtrace in :code::<cite>cmd_boot</cite> after doing <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.boot</span> <span class="pre">test</span></code> on the partyline as user <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">thommey</span></code> with typical owner flags.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>#0 cmd_boot (u=0x55e8bd8a49b0, idx=4, par=0x55e8be6a0010 "test") at cmds.c:614
*u = {next = 0x55e8bd8aec90, handle = "thommey", flags = 8977024, flags_udef = 0, chanrec = 0x55e8bd8aeae0, entries = 0x55e8bd8a4a10}
#1 builtin_dcc (cd=0x55e8bbf002d0 <cmd_boot>, irp=0x55e8bd59b1c0, argc=4, argv=0x55e8bd7e3e00) at tclhash.c:678
idx = 4
argv = {0x55e8be642fa0 "*dcc:boot", 0x55e8be9f6bd0 "thommey", 0x55e8be7d9020 "4", 0x55e8be6a0010 "test", 0x0}
F = 0x55e8bbf002d0 <cmd_boot>
#5 Tcl_Eval (interp=0x55e8bd59b1c0, script = "*dcc:boot $_dcc1 $_dcc2 $_dcc3") from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtcl8.6.so
Tcl: return $_dcc1 = "thommey"
Tcl: return $_dcc2 = "4"
Tcl: return $_dcc3 = "test"
Tcl: return $lastbind = "boot" (set automatically by trigger_bind)
#8 trigger_bind (proc=proc@entry=0x55e8bd5efda0 "*dcc:boot", param=param@entry=0x55e8bbf4112b " $_dcc1 $_dcc2 $_dcc3", mask=mask@entry=0x55e8bd5efd40 "boot") at tclhash.c:742
#9 check_tcl_bind (tl=0x55e8bd5eecb0 <H_dcc>, match=match@entry=0x7ffcf3f9dac1 "boot", atr=atr@entry=0x7ffcf3f9d100, param=param@entry=0x55e8bbf4112b " $_dcc1 $_dcc2 $_dcc3", match_type=match_type@entry=80) at tclhash.c:942
proc = 0x55e8bd5efda0 "*dcc:boot"
mask = 0x55e8bd5efd40 "boot"
brkt = 0x7ffcf3f9dac6 "test"
#10 check_tcl_dcc (cmd=cmd@entry=0x7ffcf3f9dac1 "boot", idx=idx@entry=4, args=0x7ffcf3f9dac6 "test") at tclhash.c:974
fr = {match = 5, global = 8977024, udef_global = 0, bot = 0, chan = 0, udef_chan = 0}
#11 dcc_chat (idx=idx@entry=4, buf=<optimized out>, i=<optimized out>) at dcc.c:1068
v = 0x7ffcf3f9dac1 "boot"
</pre></div>
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