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<H1>Introduction of specification modules</H1>
<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="modlib_toc.html#SEC2">Instantiation and Use of Modules</A></H1>
<P>
To use a specification module, e.g. the <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module in the
<CODE>Name</CODE> library,
it is instantiated by the line
<P>
<PRE>
$/Name/AlgScope.gnrc :inst
</PRE>
in a <CODE>.specs</CODE> file. All component specification files of the
module are thus included in the set of specifications. A derivation
<PRE>
x.specs:allspecs
</PRE>
can be used to inspect all the instantiated files.
<P>
The module instance obtained by the instantiation command above
provides <CODE>.lido</CODE> symbol computations for a symbol named <CODE>IdUseEnv</CODE>,
among other specifications.
<P>
The above instantiation command is sufficient if only one instantiation of
the <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module is used.
<A NAME="IDX10"></A>
<A NAME="IDX9"></A>
Several instantiations of the same module are distinguished by generic
instance names supplied as arguments of the instantiation
<P>
<PRE>
$/Name/AlgScope.gnrc +instance=CtrlVar :inst
</PRE>
In this case another instance of the <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module is generated
having the instance name <CODE>CtrlVar</CODE>. It may coexist with the
unnamed instance created above. The names of its files and
of specified entities (symbols, attributes, etc.) are
prefixed by the instance identifier, e.g.
<CODE>CtrlVarIdUseEnv</CODE>.
<A NAME="IDX11"></A>
<A NAME="IDX12"></A>
<P>
Some modules have a second generic parameter <CODE>referto</CODE>.
It may specialize the module in a second dimension on instantiation:
The <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module provides compuations for <CODE>Key</CODE> attributes
in <CODE>IdUseEnv</CODE> contexts that represent applied occurrences of identifiers.
In some situations it may be necessary to compute more than one
<CODE>Key</CODE> attribute in an <CODE>IdUseEnv</CODE> context (if the identifier is
bound in different name spaces). Hence, the <CODE>referto</CODE> of
the <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module modifies the names of the <CODE>Key</CODE> attributes.
If the <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module is instantiated by
<P>
<PRE>
$/Name/AlgScope.gnrc +instance=CtrlVar +referto=Ctrl :inst
</PRE>
it provides computations for the attribute <CODE>CtrlVarIdUseEnv.CtrlKey</CODE>,
among other computations.
<P>
Other modules use the <CODE>referto</CODE> parameter for different purposes, e.g.
specifying the element type for a generic stack module.
<P>
If any of the two generic parameters <CODE>instance</CODE> or <CODE>referto</CODE>
is omitted, as in the first two examples, their value is
assumed to be the empty string.
<P>
If a module is instantiated as described its facilities can be used
in certain components of the user's specification:
Symbol computations as those provided by the <CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module
are associated to symbols of the user's tree grammar by <CODE>.lido</CODE>
constructs like
<P>
<PRE>
SYMBOL UseIdent INHERITS IdUseEnv END;
</PRE>
<P>
Note: The symbols provided by modules are <CODE>CLASS</CODE> symbols in the
sense of LIDO, i. e. they may not be used directly as tree grammar
symbols. <CODE>INHERITS</CODE> constructs like the above are needed
to bind their computations to symbols of user's specification.
This means avoids accidental coincidence between names of tree
grammar symbols and of module roles.
<P>
Further <CODE>.lido</CODE> specifications may be neccessary to supply information to
or obtain information from the thus inherited computations.
<P>
Modules may also provide C functions (directly or via specifications
for other tools), e.g. functions of the environment module in case of the
<CODE>AlgScope</CODE> module. They may be called in computations of the user's
<CODE>.lido</CODE> specification, or in user's C modules if the appropriate
header file is included.
<A NAME="IDX13"></A>
<P>
The same instantiation mechanism may be applied to include user defined modules:
<P>
<PRE>
/user/Lib/ModName.gnrc:inst
</PRE>
instantiates the module <CODE>ModName</CODE> of a user library.
<P>
Such a module must contain of at least two files , e.g.
<CODE>/user/Lib/ModName.fw</CODE> containing the module's specifications
and <CODE>/user/Lib/ModName.gnrc</CODE>. The latter is an executable
shell script that performs the generic module instantiation.
It should have the following form:
<P>
<PRE>
#!/bin/sh
moddir=`expr $0 : '\(.*\)/.*' \| '.'`
$1 -e "s/|NAME|/$2/g
s/|KEY|/$3/g" "$moddir"/ModName.fw > "$2"ModName.fw
</PRE>
The last two lines use <CODE>sed</CODE> to substitute the <CODE>instance</CODE>
parameter for any occurrence of <CODE>|NAME|</CODE> in the file <CODE>ModName.fw</CODE>
and the <CODE>referto</CODE> parameter for any occurrence of <CODE>|KEY|</CODE>.
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