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<TITLE>Tutorial on Type Analysis - Kernel Language</TITLE>
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<H1>Tutorial on Type Analysis</H1>
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<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="typetutorial_toc.html#SEC1">Kernel Language</A></H1>
<P>
We start with a very simple kernel language where a <CODE>Program</CODE>
is a <CODE>Block</CODE> consisting of <CODE>Declarations</CODE> for variables,
assignment <CODE>Statements</CODE>, and trivial <CODE>Expressions</CODE>.
Other forms of <CODE>Declarations</CODE>
and <CODE>Expressions</CODE> are added to the grammar when the
type analysis task is further refined.
<P>
Here is a simple example program:
<B>SimpleExamp</B>[1]==
<PRE>
<TT>begin
  var   int i, int j,
        bool b, bool c,
        real r, real s;
  i = 1;
  b = true;
  r = 3.4;
  j = i;
  c = b;
  s = r;
end
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
The concrete kernel grammar is specified as follows:
<B>Core.con</B>[2]==
<PRE>
<TT>
Program:        Block.
Block:          'begin' Declaration* Statement* 'end'.

Declaration:    'var' ObjDecls ';'.
ObjDecls:       ObjDecl // ',' / .
ObjDecl:        TypeDenoter DefIdent.
TypeDenoter:    TypeUseIdent.

Statement:      Variable '=' Expression ';'.
Statement:      Expression ';'.

Expression:     Factor.
Factor:         Operand.
Operand:        IntNumber.
Operand:        RealNumber.
Operand:        Variable.
Variable:       UseIdent.
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
The expression syntax is prepared to introduce operators
of different precedences (2 for binary and 1 for unary operators).
<CODE>Factor</CODE> and <CODE>Operand</CODE> are represented by
<CODE>Expression</CODE> contexts in the tree grammar.
<P>
<B>Opr.sym</B>[3]==
<PRE>
<TT>
Expression ::= Factor Operand.
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
The notation of identifiers and numbers is chosen as in Pascal.
<P>
<B>Core.gla</B>[4]==
<PRE>
<TT>
Ident:          PASCAL_IDENTIFIER
IntNumber:      PASCAL_INTEGER
RealNumber:     PASCAL_REAL
                PASCAL_COMMENT
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
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