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<H1>Tutorial on Type Analysis</H1>
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<H1><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="typetutorial_toc.html#SEC11">Array Types</A></H1>
<P>
We now add arrays to our language in order to show
how types are represented by freely chosen properties
(in contrast to the scope property of record types).
We only have to extend the grammar by notations for
array type denoters and by indexed variables:
<P>
The following concrete productions are added:
<P>
<B>Array.con</B>[43]==
<PRE>
<TT>
TypeDenoter: ArrayType.
ArrayType: TypeDenoter '[' IntNumber ']'.
Variable: Variable '[' Expression ']'.
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
Here is an example program that uses arrays, records, and
type definitions in combination:
<B>ArrayExamp</B>[44]==
<PRE>
<TT>begin
var int k;
var int[5] pi, int[5] pj;
var record int i, bool b, real[3] r end [2] rv;
type bool[4] bt;
var bt vbt, bt wbt;
var real[6][7] m;
pi[1] = k;
vbt = wbt;
rv[2].b = true;
rv[1].r[k] = 3.2;
m[1][k] = 1.0;
end
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
Here, an array type is represented by the type and the number
of its elements:
<P>
<B>Array.pdl</B>[45]==
<PRE>
<TT>
ElemType: DefTableKey [KReset];
ElemNo: int [KReset];
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
An <CODE>ArrayType</CODE> introduces a new type different from any other
(role <CODE>TypeDenotation</CODE>). Its <CODE>Type</CODE> attribute is just
passed upward.
<P>
With respect to equality of type the same considerations apply
as were made above for record types.
<P>
The properties that characterize the array type are set in a
combined computation establishing the postcondition
<CODE>ArrayType.GotType</CODE>, which is essential to ensure
correct access of these properties.
<P>
<B>ArrayType.lido</B>[46]==
<PRE>
<TT>
SYMBOL ArrayType INHERITS TypeDenotation END;
RULE: TypeDenoter ::= ArrayType COMPUTE
TypeDenoter.Type = ArrayType.Type;
END;
TERM IntNumber: int;
RULE: ArrayType ::= TypeDenoter '[' IntNumber ']' COMPUTE
ArrayType.GotType =
ResetElemType
(KResetElemNo
(KResetTypeName (ArrayType.Type, "array..."),
IntNumber),
TypeDenoter.Type);
END;
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
<P>
The type of an indexed variable is the element type of
the array variable. The function <CODE>TransDefer</CODE> has to
be applied for the accessed element type, in order to get
the type key rather than a key of a type identifier
referring to it.
<P>
<B>Array.lido</B>[47]==
<PRE>
<TT>
RULE: Variable ::= Variable '[' Expression ']' COMPUTE
Variable[1].Type =
TransDefer (GetElemType (Variable[2].Type, NoKey));
Expression.ReqType = intType;
IF (EQ (Variable[1].Type, NoKey),
message (ERROR, "index applied to non array", 0, COORDREF));
END;
</TT>
</PRE>
<FONT SIZE=1>
<PRE>
This macro is attached to a product file.
</PRE>
</FONT>
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