@c =============================================================
@c = $B85(B $BK](B $BLu(B: $B9b<.0l5*!wEE5$DL?.Bg3X(B
@c = $B2CI.=$@5(B: $BBgLZFXM:!wBgDM(B.$BC^GHBg3X(B = 1998/11/25
@c = 20.4$B2~D{(B: $BBgLZFXM:!wBgDM(B.$BC^GHBg3X(B = 1999/09/12
@c =============================================================
@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Screen, User Input, Acknowledgments, Top
@c @chapter The Organization of the Screen
@chapter $B2hLL9=@.(B
@c @cindex screen
@c @cindex parts of the screen
@cindex $B2hLL(B
@cindex $B2hLLMWAG(B
@c

@c   On a text-only terminal, the Emacs display occupies the whole screen.
@c On the X Window System, Emacs creates its own X windows to use.  We use
@c the term @dfn{frame} to mean an entire text-only screen or an entire X
@c window used by Emacs.  Emacs uses both kinds of frames in the same way
@c to display your editing.  Emacs normally starts out with just one frame,
@c but you can create additional frames if you wish.  @xref{Frames}.
$BJ8;zC<Kv$N>l9g!"(BEmacs$B$O2hLLA4BN$r$=$NI=<(NN0h$H$7$F;H$$$^$9!#(B
X$B%&%#%s%I%&%7%9%F%`>e$G$O!"(BEmacs$B$O@lMQ$N(BX$B$N%&%#%s%I%&$r:n$j$^$9!#(B
$B0J9_!"K\=q$G$O!"(BEmacs$B$,;H$&J8;z2hLLA4BN$d(BX$B$N%&%#%s%I%&A4BN$r;X$7$F!"(B
@dfn{$B%U%l!<%`(B}$B!J(Bframe$B!K$H$$$&MQ8l$rMQ$$$^$9!#(B
Emacs$B$,JT=8>u67$rI=<($9$k$H$-$N%U%l!<%`$N;H$$J}$O!"(B
$B$I$A$i$N%U%l!<%`$G$bF1$8$G$9!#(B
$BDL>o!"(B1$B8D$N%U%l!<%`$@$1$G;O$^$j$^$9$,!"I,MW$J$i$P?7$?$K%U%l!<%`$r:n$l$^$9!#(B
@xref{Frames}$B!#(B

@c   When you start Emacs, the entire frame except for the first and last
@c lines is devoted to the text you are editing.  This area is called the
@c @dfn{window}.  The first line is a @dfn{menu bar}, and the last line is
@c a special @dfn{echo area} or @dfn{minibuffer window} where prompts
@c appear and where you can enter responses.  See below for more
@c information about these special lines.
Emacs$B$r5/F0$9$k$H!":G=i$H:G8e$N9T$r=|$$$?%U%l!<%`A4BN$O!"(B
$BJT=8$7$F$$$k%F%-%9%H$K$"$F$i$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NNN0h$r(B@dfn{$B%&%#%s%I%&(B}$B!J(Bwindow$B!K$H8F$S$^$9!#(B
$B%U%l!<%`$N:G=i$N9T$O(B@dfn{$B%a%K%e!<%P!<(B}$B!J(Bmenu bar$B!K$G$9!#(B
$B:G8e$N9T$O!"FCJL$J(B@dfn{$B%(%3!<NN0h(B}$B!J(Becho area$B!K$d(B
@dfn{$B%_%K%P%C%U%!%&%#%s%I%&(B}$B!J(Bminibuffer window$B!K$G$9!#(B
$B%_%K%P%C%U%!%&%#%s%I%&$G$O!"%W%m%s%W%H$,I=<($5$l!"1~Ez$rF~NO$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$NFCJL$J9T$N>\:Y$K$D$$$F$O!"0J2<$G@bL@$7$^$9!#(B

@c   You can subdivide the large text window horizontally or vertically
@c into multiple text windows, each of which can be used for a different
@c file (@pxref{Windows}).  In this manual, the word ``window'' always
@c refers to the subdivisions of a frame within Emacs.
$BBg$-$J%F%-%9%H%&%#%s%I%&$O!"(B
$B:81&$d>e2<$KJ#?t$N%F%-%9%H%&%#%s%I%&$K:YJ,3d$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B3F%&%#%s%I%&$O!"$=$l$>$lJL$N%U%!%$%k$K;H$($^$9!J(B@pxref{Windows}$B!K!#(B
$BK\=q$G$O!"!X%&%#%s%I%&!Y$H$$$&C18l$O!"(B
Emacs$B$N%U%l!<%`$r:YJ,3d$7$?$b$N$r$D$M$K;X$9$3$H$H$7$^$9!#(B

@c   The window that the cursor is in is the @dfn{selected window}, in
@c which editing takes place.  Most Emacs commands implicitly apply to the
@c text in the selected window (though mouse commands generally operate on
@c whatever window you click them in, whether selected or not).  The other
@c windows display text for reference only, unless/until you select them.
@c If you use multiple frames under the X Window System, then giving the
@c input focus to a particular frame selects a window in that frame.
$B%+!<%=%k$,I=<($5$l$F$$$k%&%#%s%I%&$O!"(B@dfn{$BA*Br$5$l$?%&%#%s%I%&(B}
$B!J(Bselected window$B!K$G$"$j!"$=$NCf$GJT=8$,9T$o$l$^$9!#(B
$B$[$H$s$I$N(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$O!"A*Br$5$l$?%&%#%s%I%&Fb$N(B
$B%F%-%9%H$K0EL[$K:nMQ$7$^$9!J$?$@$7!"%^%&%9%3%^%s%I$G$O!"(B
$B%^%&%9$r%/%j%C%/$7$?%&%#%s%I%&$,A*Br$5$l$F$$$k$+$I$&$+$K4X$o$i$:!"(B
$B%/%j%C%/$7$?%&%#%s%I%&$K:nMQ$9$k!K!#(B
$BA*Br$5$l$F$$$J$$B>$N%&%#%s%I%&$K$O!"$=$l$,A*Br$5$l$k$^$G!"(B
$BC1$K;2>H$N$?$a$@$1$K%F%-%9%H$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"(BX$B%&%#%s%I%&%7%9%F%`>e$GJ#?t$N%U%l!<%`$r;H$&>l9g!"(B
$BFCDj$N%U%l!<%`$KF~NO%U%)!<%+%9$rM?$($k$H!"(B
$B$=$N%U%l!<%`Fb$N%&%#%s%I%&$rA*Br$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Each window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what is
@c going on in that window.  It appears in inverse video, if the terminal
@c supports that, and its contents begin with @w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}}
@c when Emacs starts.  The mode line displays status information such as
@c what buffer is being displayed above it in the window, what major and
@c minor modes are in use, and whether the buffer contains unsaved changes.
$B3F%&%#%s%I%&$N:G8e$N9T$O(B@dfn{$B%b!<%I9T(B}$B!J(Bmode line$B!K$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I9T$O!"$=$N%&%#%s%I%&$G2?$,9T$o$l$F$$$k$+$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B
$BC<Kv$,H?E>I=<($r07$($l$P!"%b!<%I9T$OH?E>I=<($5$l!"(B
$B5/F0;~$NI=<(FbMF$O(B@w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}}$B$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B
$B%b!<%I9T$O!"%&%#%s%I%&Fb$G$=$N>e$K$I$N%P%C%U%!$rI=<($7$F$$$k$N$+!"(B
$B$I$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$d%^%$%J%b!<%I$r;H$C$F$$$k$N$+!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$K$OL$J]B8$NJQ99$,$"$k$+$I$&$+$J$I$N>pJs$r<($7$^$9!#(B

@menu
* Point::	        The place in the text where editing commands operate.
* Echo Area::           Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
* Mode Line::	        Interpreting the mode line.
* Menu Bar::            How to use the menu bar.
@end menu

@node Point
@c @section Point
@section $B%]%$%s%H(B
@c @cindex point
@c @cindex cursor
@cindex $B%]%$%s%H(B
@cindex $B%+!<%=%k(B

@c   Within Emacs, the terminal's cursor shows the location at which
@c editing commands will take effect.  This location is called @dfn{point}.
@c Many Emacs commands move point through the text, so that you can edit at
@c different places in it.  You can also place point by clicking mouse
@c button 1.
Emacs$B$G$O!"C<Kv$N%+!<%=%k$,JT=8%3%^%s%I$N:nMQ$9$k0LCV$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N0LCV$N$3$H$r(B@dfn{$B%]%$%s%H(B}$B!J(Bpoint$B!K$H8F$S$^$9!#(B
$BB?$/$N(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$O%]%$%s%H$r%F%-%9%HCf$G0\F0$7!"(B
$B%F%-%9%HCf$N$5$^$6$^$J2U=j$GJT=8$G$-$k$h$&$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B%^%&%9$N%\%?%s(B1$B$r%/%j%C%/$7$F$b!"%]%$%s%H$rCV$1$^$9!#(B

@c   While the cursor appears to point @emph{at} a character, you should
@c think of point as @emph{between} two characters; it points @emph{before}
@c the character that appears under the cursor.  For example, if your text
@c looks like @samp{frob} with the cursor over the @samp{b}, then point is
@c between the @samp{o} and the @samp{b}.  If you insert the character
@c @samp{!} at that position, the result is @samp{fro!b}, with point
@c between the @samp{!} and the @samp{b}.  Thus, the cursor remains over
@c the @samp{b}, as before.
$B%+!<%=%k$O$"$kJ8;z$K(B@emph{$B=E$J$C$F(B}$BI=<($5$l$^$9$,!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$O(B2$B$D$NJ8;z$N(B@emph{$B$"$$$@(B}$B$K$"$k$H9M$($J$1$l$P$$$1$^$;$s!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"%]%$%s%H$O!"%+!<%=%k$,=E$J$C$F$$$kJ8;z$N(B@emph{$B$^$((B}$B$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@samp{frob}$B$H$$$&%F%-%9%H$G!"(B@samp{b}$B$K%+!<%=%k$,$"$k>l9g!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$O(B@samp{o}$B$H(B@samp{b}$B$N$"$$$@$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N0LCV$K(B@samp{!}$B$H$$$&J8;z$rA^F~$9$k$H!"(B@samp{fro!b}$B$H$$$&7k2L$K$J$j!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$O(B@samp{!}$B$H(B@samp{b}$B$N$"$$$@$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"%+!<%=%k$O(B@samp{b}$B$K=E$J$C$?$^$^$G!"<B9TA0$HF1$8$G$9!#(B

@c   Sometimes people speak of ``the cursor'' when they mean ``point,'' or
@c speak of commands that move point as ``cursor motion'' commands.
$B!X%]%$%s%H!Y$r0UL#$7$F!X%+!<%=%k!Y$H$$$C$?$j!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k%3%^%s%I$N$3$H$r!X%+!<%=%k0\F0!Y%3%^%s%I$H(B
$B$$$&$3$H$b$"$j$^$9!#(B

@c   Terminals have only one cursor, and when output is in progress it must
@c appear where the typing is being done.  This does not mean that point is
@c moving.  It is only that Emacs has no way to show you the location of point
@c except when the terminal is idle.
$BC<Kv$K$O%+!<%=%k$O(B1$B$D$7$+$J$/!"(B
$B=PNOCf$O=PNO$5$l$F$$$k>l=j$K%+!<%=%k$,I=<($5$l$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O%]%$%s%H$,0\F0$7$?$H$$$&$3$H$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$BC<Kv$,%"%$%I%k$G$J$$$H!"(BEmacs$B$K$O%]%$%s%H0LCV$r<($9J}K!$,$J$$$@$1$G$9!#(B

@c   If you are editing several files in Emacs, each in its own buffer,
@c each buffer has its own point location.  A buffer that is not currently
@c displayed remembers where point is in case you display it again later.
Emacs$B$G$$$/$D$+$N%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$7$F!"(B
$B3F%U%!%$%k$r$=$l@lMQ$N%P%C%U%!$KF~$l$F$$$k$H$-!"(B
$B3F%P%C%U%!$K$OFH<+$N%]%$%s%H0LCV$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%P%C%U%!$,I=<($5$l$F$$$J$/$F$b!"(B
$B$"$H$GI=<($5$l$k$H$-$KHw$($F%]%$%s%H0LCV$r5-O?$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

@c   When there are multiple windows in a frame, each window has its own
@c point location.  The cursor shows the location of point in the selected
@c window.  This also is how you can tell which window is selected.  If the
@c same buffer appears in more than one window, each window has its own
@c position for point in that buffer.
1$B$D$N%U%l!<%`$KJ#?t$N%&%#%s%I%&$,$"$k>l9g!"(B
$B3F%&%#%s%I%&$K$OFH<+$N%]%$%s%H0LCV$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%+!<%=%k$OA*Br$5$l$?%&%#%s%I%&$N%]%$%s%H0LCV$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$K$h$j!"$I$N%&%#%s%I%&$,A*Br$5$l$F$$$k$+$b$o$+$j$^$9!#(B
$BJ#?t$N%&%#%s%I%&$KF1$8%P%C%U%!$,I=<($5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B$=$N%P%C%U%!$N%]%$%s%H0LCV$O3F%&%#%s%I%&$4$H$KFHN)$K$"$j$^$9!#(B

@c   When there are multiple frames, each frame can display one cursor.
@c The cursor in the selected frame is solid; the cursor in other frames is
@c a hollow box, and appears in the window that would be selected if you
@c give the input focus to that frame.
$BJ#?t$N%U%l!<%`$,$"$k>l9g!"3F%U%l!<%`$G$O(B1$B$D$N%+!<%=%k$rI=<($G$-$^$9!#(B
$BA*Br$5$l$F$$$k%U%l!<%`$NCf$N%+!<%=%k$OEI$jDY$5$l$^$9!#(B
$BB>$N%U%l!<%`$N%+!<%=%k$OCfH4$-$NH"$G!"%U%l!<%`$K(B
$BF~NO%U%)!<%+%9$,M?$($i$l$k$HA*Br$5$l$k%&%#%s%I%&$KI=<($5$l$^$9!#(B

@c   The term `point' comes from the character @samp{.}, which was the
@c command in TECO (the language in which the original Emacs was written)
@c for accessing the value now called `point'.
$B!X%]%$%s%H!Y$H$$$&MQ8l$O!"J8;z(B@samp{.}$B$KM3Mh$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NJ8;z$O!"8=:_!X%]%$%s%H!Y$H8F$s$G$$$kCM$r;2>H$9$k$?$a$N(B
$B!J%*%j%8%J%k$N(BEmacs$B$r5-=R$7$F$$$?8@8l!K(BTECO$B$N%3%^%s%I$G$9!#(B

@node Echo Area
@c @section The Echo Area
@section $B%(%3!<NN0h(B
@c @cindex echo area
@cindex $B%(%3!<NN0h(B
@c 

@c   The line at the bottom of the frame (below the mode line) is the
@c @dfn{echo area}.  It is used to display small amounts of text for
@c several purposes.
$B%U%l!<%`$N(B1$BHV2<$N9T!J%b!<%I9T$N2<!K$O!"(B@dfn{$B%(%3!<NN0h(B}$B!J(Becho area$B!K$G$9!#(B
$B$3$3$O!"$$$m$$$m$JL\E*8~$1$N>/NL$N%F%-%9%HI=<($K;H$o$l$^$9!#(B

@c   @dfn{Echoing} means displaying the characters that you type.  Outside
@c Emacs, the operating system normally echoes all your input.  Emacs
@c handles echoing differently.
@dfn{$B%(%3!<(B}$B$H$O!"$"$J$?$,BG$C$?J8;z$rI=<($9$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
Emacs$B$N30It!"%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G$O!"(B
$B%f!<%6!<$+$i$N$9$Y$F$NF~NO$rIaDL$O%(%3!<$7$^$9!#(B
Emacs$B$O!"%(%3!<$r$=$l$H$O0c$C$?$h$&$K07$$$^$9!#(B

@c   Single-character commands do not echo in Emacs, and multi-character
@c commands echo only if you pause while typing them.  As soon as you pause
@c for more than a second in the middle of a command, Emacs echoes all the
@c characters of the command so far.  This is to @dfn{prompt} you for the
@c rest of the command.  Once echoing has started, the rest of the command
@c echoes immediately as you type it.  This behavior is designed to give
@c confident users fast response, while giving hesitant users maximum
@c feedback.  You can change this behavior by setting a variable
@c (@pxref{Display Vars}).
Emacs$B$G$O!"(B1$BJ8;z%3%^%s%I$r%(%3!<$9$k$3$H$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B$^$?!"J#?tJ8;z$N%3%^%s%I$G$b!"BG$DESCf$K4V$rCV$+$J$1$l$P%(%3!<$7$^$;$s!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I$NESCf$G(B1$BIC0J>e4V$rCV$/$H$9$0$K!"(B
$B$=$l$^$G$KF~NO$7$?%3%^%s%I$NJ8;z$r$9$Y$F%(%3!<$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%3%^%s%I$N;D$j$NItJ,$r(B@dfn{$BB%$9(B}$B$?$a$G$9!#(B
$B$$$C$?$s%(%3!<$,;O$^$k$H!"%3%^%s%I$N;D$j$O!"(B
$BBG$D$HF1;~$K$?$@$A$K%(%3!<$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"BG80$K<+?.$N$"$k%f!<%6!<$K$OB.$$1~Ez$rDs6!$7!"(B
$B0lJ}$G!"<+?.$N$J$$%f!<%6!<$K$O:GBg8B$N%U%#!<%I%P%C%/$rM?$($k$?$a$N5!G=$G$9!#(B
$BJQ?t$r@_Dj$9$l$P!"$3$N$U$k$^$$$rJQ99$G$-$^$9!J(B@pxref{Display Vars}$B!K!#(B

@c @cindex error message in the echo area
@cindex $B%(%3!<NN0h$N%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8(B
@c   If a command cannot be executed, it may print an @dfn{error message} in
@c the echo area.  Error messages are accompanied by a beep or by flashing the
@c screen.  Also, any input you have typed ahead is thrown away when an error
@c happens.
$B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$G$-$J$1$l$P!"%(%3!<NN0h$K(B@dfn{$B%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8(B}$B$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B
$B%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$KH<$C$F!"%S!<%W2;$,LD$C$?$j!"2hLL$,E@LG$7$?$j$7$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"%(%i!<$,5/$-$k$H!"@hBG$A$7$?F~NO$OGK4~$5$l$^$9!#(B

@c   Some commands print informative messages in the echo area.  These
@c messages look much like error messages, but they are not announced with
@c a beep and do not throw away input.  Sometimes the message tells you
@c what the command has done, when this is not obvious from looking at the
@c text being edited.  Sometimes the sole purpose of a command is to print
@c a message giving you specific information---for example, @kbd{C-x =}
@c prints a message describing the character position of point in the text
@c and its current column in the window.  Commands that take a long time
@c often display messages ending in @samp{...} while they are working, and
@c add @samp{done} at the end when they are finished.
$B%(%3!<NN0h$KM-1W$J%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k%3%^%s%I$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%a%C%;!<%8$O%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$K$h$/;w$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
$B%S!<%W2;$rH<$o$:!"F~NO$bGK4~$7$^$;$s!#(B
$BJT=8Cf$N%F%-%9%H$r8+$F$b%3%^%s%I$,2?$r$7$?$+<+L@$G$J$$>l9g$K!"(B
$B%a%C%;!<%8$,$=$l$r65$($F$/$l$k$3$H$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$BFCDj$N>pJs$rM?$($k%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k$@$1$N%3%^%s%I$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-x =}$B$O!"%F%-%9%HCf$G$N%]%$%s%H$NJ8;z0LCV$H!"(B
$B%&%#%s%I%&$G$N8=:_$N7e0LCV$r<($9%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B
$B=hM}$K;~4V$N$+$+$k%3%^%s%I$G$O!"(B
$B<B9TCf$K$O(B@samp{...}$B$G=*$o$k%a%C%;!<%8$r%(%3!<NN0h$KI=<($7!"(B
$B40N;;~$K$O(B@samp{done}$B$r:G8e$KIU$12C$($k$3$H$b$h$/$"$j$^$9!#(B

@c @cindex @samp{*Messages*} buffer
@c @cindex saved echo area messages
@c @cindex messages saved from echo area
@cindex @samp{*Messages*}$B%P%C%U%!(B
@cindex $BJ]B8$5$l$?%(%3!<NN0h%a%C%;!<%8(B
@cindex $B%(%3!<NN0h$+$iJ]B8$7$?%a%C%;!<%8(B
@c   Echo-area informative messages are saved in an editor buffer named
@c @samp{*Messages*}.  (We have not explained buffers yet; see
@c @ref{Buffers}, for more information about them.)  If you miss a message
@c that appears briefly on the screen, you can switch to the
@c @samp{*Messages*} buffer to see it again.  (Successive progress messages
@c are often collapsed into one in that buffer.)
$B%(%3!<NN0h$KI=<($5$l$kM-1W$J%a%C%;!<%8$O!"(B
@samp{*Messages*}$B$H8F$P$l$k%(%G%#%?%P%C%U%!$KJ]B8$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B!J$^$@%P%C%U%!$r@bL@$7$F$$$J$$$,!">\:Y$O(B@ref{Buffers}$B$r;2>H!#!K(B
$B2hLL>e$KC;;~4V$7$+I=<($5$l$J$$%a%C%;!<%8$r8+F($7$F$7$^$C$?>l9g$K$O!"(B
@samp{*Messages*}$B%P%C%U%!$K@Z$jBX$($F!"(B
$B$b$&0lEY$=$N%a%C%;!<%8$r8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B!JO"B3$7$?F1$8%a%C%;!<%8$O!"$7$P$7$P!"(B
1$B$D$K$^$H$a$i$l$F$3$N%P%C%U%!$KG<$a$i$l$k!#!K(B

@vindex message-log-max
@c   The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of lines.
@c The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines.  Once the
@c buffer has that many lines, each line added at the end deletes one line
@c from the beginning.  @xref{Variables}, for how to set variables such as
@c @code{message-log-max}.
@samp{*Messages*}$B$N%5%$%:$O!"$"$k9T?t$K@)8B$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{message-log-max}$B$O!"$=$N9T?t$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$$$C$?$s%P%C%U%!$,$3$N9T?t$rD6$($k$H!":G8e$K(B1$B9T$rIU$12C$($k$4$H$K(B
$B@hF,$N(B1$B9T$r:o=|$7$^$9!#(B
@code{message-log-max}$B$N$h$&$JJQ?t$N@_DjJ}K!$K$D$$$F$O!"(B@xref{Variables}$B!#(B

@c   The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window that
@c is used for reading arguments to commands, such as the name of a file to be
@c edited.  When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins with a prompt
@c string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor appears in that line
@c because it is the selected window.  You can always get out of the
@c minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}.  @xref{Minibuffer}.
$B%(%3!<NN0h$O(B@dfn{$B%_%K%P%C%U%!(B}$B!J(Bminibuffer$B!K$NI=<($K$b;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"JT=8$7$h$&$H$9$k%U%!%$%kL>$N$h$&$J!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I$X$N0z?t$rFI$`$N$K;H$o$l$k%&%#%s%I%&$G$9!#(B
$B%_%K%P%C%U%!$,;H$o$l$F$$$k$H$-$K$O!"(B
$B%(%3!<NN0h$ODL>o%3%m%s$G=*$o$k%W%m%s%W%H$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"%(%3!<NN0h$,A*Br$5$l$F$$$k%&%#%s%I%&$J$N$G!"(B
$B%+!<%=%k$b$=$N9T$KI=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-g}$B$rBG$D$H!"$$$D$G$b%_%K%P%C%U%!$+$iH4$1$i$l$^$9!#(B
@xref{Minibuffer}$B!#(B

@node Mode Line
@c @section The Mode Line
@section $B%b!<%I9T(B 
@c @cindex mode line
@c @cindex top level
@cindex $B%b!<%I9T(B
@cindex $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k(B
@c

@c   Each text window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what
@c is going on in that window.  When there is only one text window, the
@c mode line appears right above the echo area; it is the next-to-last line
@c on the frame.  The mode line is in inverse video if the terminal
@c supports that, and it starts and ends with dashes.
$B%F%-%9%H%&%#%s%I%&$N:G8e$N9T$O(B@dfn{$B%b!<%I9T(B}$B!J(Bmode line$B!K$G!"(B
$B$=$N%&%#%s%I%&$G2?$,?J9T$7$F$$$k$+I=<($7$^$9!#(B
$B%F%-%9%H%&%#%s%I%&$,(B1$B$D$7$+$J$$>l9g!"(B
$B%b!<%I9T$O%(%3!<NN0h$N$9$0>e$KI=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B%U%l!<%`>e$G$O:G8e$+$i(B2$BHVL\$N9T$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$BC<Kv$KH?E>I=<(5!G=$,$"$l$P!"%b!<%I9T$OH?E>I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B%b!<%I9T$NI=<(FbMF$O!"%@%C%7%e$G;O$^$j%@%C%7%e$G=*$j$^$9!#(B

@c   Normally, the mode line looks like this:
$BDL>o!"%b!<%I9T$O$D$.$N$h$&$KI=<($5$l$^$9!#(B

@example
-@var{cs}:@var{ch}  @var{buf}      (@var{major} @var{minor})--@var{line}--@var{pos}------
@end example

@noindent
@c This gives information about the buffer being displayed in the window: the
@c buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the buffer's
@c text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are currently
@c looking.
$B$3$l$+$i!"%&%#%s%I%&$KI=<(Cf$N%P%C%U%!$K4X$9$k>pJs$rF@$i$l$^$9!#(B
$B%P%C%U%!$NL>A0!"$I$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$d%^%$%J%b!<%I$r;H$C$F$$$k$+!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$N%F%-%9%H$,JQ99$5$l$?$+$I$&$+!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!A4BN$N$I$N$"$?$j$r8=:_I=<($7$F$$$k$+$G$9!#(B

@c   @var{ch} contains two stars @samp{**} if the text in the buffer has
@c been edited (the buffer is ``modified''), or @samp{--} if the buffer has
@c not been edited.  For a read-only buffer, it is @samp{%*} if the buffer
@c is modified, and @samp{%%} otherwise.
@var{ch}$B$O!"%P%C%U%!$N%F%-%9%H$,JT=8$5$l$F$$$k(B
$B!J$D$^$j%P%C%U%!$,!XJQ99!Y$5$l$F$$$k!K>l9g$K$O@10u(B2$B8D(B@samp{**}$B$K$J$j!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$,JT=8$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g$K$O(B@samp{--}$B$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$BFI$_=P$7@lMQ$N%P%C%U%!$N>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$,JT=8$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B@samp{%*}$B$K$J$j!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$,JT=8$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g$K$O(B@samp{%%}$B$H$J$j$^$9!#(B

@c   @var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}.  In most cases
@c this is the same as the name of a file you are editing.  @xref{Buffers}.
@var{buf}$B$O!"%&%#%s%I%&$KI=<($5$l$F$$$k(B@dfn{$B%P%C%U%!(B}$B$NL>A0$G$9!#(B
$B$[$H$s$I$N>l9g!"JT=8Cf$N%U%!%$%kL>$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
@xref{Buffers}$B!#(B

@c   The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window that the
@c cursor is in) is also Emacs's selected buffer, the one that editing
@c takes place in.  When we speak of what some command does to ``the
@c buffer,'' we are talking about the currently selected buffer.
$B!J%+!<%=%k$,$"$k!KA*Br$5$l$?%&%#%s%I%&$KI=<($5$l$?%P%C%U%!$O!"(B
Emacs$B$NA*Br$5$l$?%P%C%U%!$G$b$"$j!"JT=8$O$3$N%P%C%U%!$G9T$o$l$^$9!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I$,!X%P%C%U%!!Y$K2?$+$r9T$&$H$$$C$?$H$-!"(B
$B8=:_A*Br$5$l$F$$$k%P%C%U%!$r;X$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

@c   @var{line} is @samp{L} followed by the current line number of point.
@c This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (which it normally is).
@c You can optionally display the current column number too, by turning on
@c Column Number mode (which is not enabled by default because it is
@c somewhat slower).  @xref{Optional Mode Line}.
@var{line}$B$O!"(B@samp{L}$B$N$"$H$K8=:_%]%$%s%H$,$"$k9T$NHV9f$,B3$$$?$b$N$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"9THV9f!J(Bline-number$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%s$G$"$k(B
$B!JDL>o$O%*%s!K>l9g$KI=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$J$*!"7eHV9f!J(Bcolumn-number$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$9$k$H!"(B
$B8=:_$N7eHV9f$bI=<($G$-$^$9(B
$B!JB?>/;~4V$,$+$+$k$N$G!"$3$N%b!<%I$O%G%U%)%k%H$G$O%*%U!K!#(B
@xref{Optional Mode Line}$B!#(B

@c   @var{pos} tells you whether there is additional text above the top of
@c the window, or below the bottom.  If your buffer is small and it is all
@c visible in the window, @var{pos} is @samp{All}.  Otherwise, it is
@c @samp{Top} if you are looking at the beginning of the buffer, @samp{Bot}
@c if you are looking at the end of the buffer, or @samp{@var{nn}%}, where
@c @var{nn} is the percentage of the buffer above the top of the
@c window.@refill
@var{pos}$B$O!"%&%#%s%I%&$N:G>eIt$h$j>e$d:G2<It$h$j2<$K(B
$B$5$i$K%F%-%9%H$,$"$k$+$I$&$+$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B%P%C%U%!$,>.$5$/$F!"$9$Y$F$,%&%#%s%I%&$K<}$^$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
@var{pos}$B$O(B@samp{All}$B$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$&$G$J$$>l9g!"%P%C%U%!$N@hF,$,I=<($5$l$F$$$l$P(B@samp{Top}$B!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$NKvHx$,I=<($5$l$F$$$l$P(B@samp{Bot}$B!"(B
$B$"$k$$$O!"(B@samp{@var{nn}%}$B$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$3$G!"(B@var{nn}$B$O%&%#%s%I%&$N:G>eIt$h$j>e$K$"$k%P%C%U%!$N(B
$B3d9g$rI4J,N($G<($7$^$9!#(B

@c   @var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the
@c buffer.  At any time, each buffer is in one and only one of the possible
@c major modes.  The major modes available include Fundamental mode (the
@c least specialized), Text mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many
@c others.  @xref{Major Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how
@c to select one.@refill
@var{major}$B$O!"$=$N%P%C%U%!$N(B@dfn{$B%a%8%c!<%b!<%I(B}$B!J(Bmajor mode$B!K$NL>A0$G$9!#(B
$B3F%P%C%U%!$O$D$M$KI,$:(B1$B$D$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B;HMQ2DG=$J%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$K$O!"(B
$B4pK\!J(Bfundamental$B!K%b!<%I!J$b$C$H$bFC<l2=$5$l$F$$$J$$%b!<%I!K!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I!"(BLisp $B%b!<%I!"(BC$B%b!<%I!"(B
texinfo$B%b!<%I!"$=$NB>$K$b?tB?$/$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B3F%b!<%I$NAj0c$dA*BrJ}K!$K$D$$$F$N>\:Y$O!"(B@xref{Major Modes}$B!#(B

@c   Some major modes display additional information after the major mode
@c name.  For example, Rmail buffers display the current message number and
@c the total number of messages.  Compilation buffers and Shell buffers
@c display the status of the subprocess.
$B%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$K$O!"(B
$B%a%8%c!<%b!<%IL>$N$"$H$KIU2CE*$J>pJs$rI=<($9$k$b$N$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(Brmail$B%P%C%U%!$G$O!"8=:_$N%a%C%;!<%8HV9f$H%a%C%;!<%8Am?t$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B
$B%3%s%Q%$%k%P%C%U%!$d%7%'%k%P%C%U%!$G$O!"%5%V%W%m%;%9$N>uBV$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B

@c   @var{minor} is a list of some of the @dfn{minor modes} that are turned
@c on at the moment in the window's chosen buffer.  For example,
@c @samp{Fill} means that Auto Fill mode is on.  @samp{Abbrev} means that
@c Word Abbrev mode is on.  @samp{Ovwrt} means that Overwrite mode is on.
@c @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information.  @samp{Narrow} means that the
@c buffer being displayed has editing restricted to only a portion of its
@c text.  This is not really a minor mode, but is like one.
@c @xref{Narrowing}.  @samp{Def} means that a keyboard macro is being
@c defined.  @xref{Keyboard Macros}.
@var{minor}$B$O!"%&%#%s%I%&$NA*Br$5$l$?%P%C%U%!$K$*$$$F!"(B
$B$=$N;~E@$G%*%s$K$J$C$F$$$k(B@dfn{$B%^%$%J%b!<%I(B}
$B!J(Bminor mode$B!K$N0lMw$N0lIt$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@samp{Fill}$B$O!"(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%s$G$"$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
@samp{Abbrev}$B$O!"N,8l!J(Babbrev$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%s$G$"$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
@samp{Ovwrt}$B$O(B $B!">e=q$-!J(Boverwrite$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%s$G$"$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
$B>\$7$/$O!"(B@xref{Minor Modes}$B!#(B
@samp{Narrow}$B$O!"I=<(Cf$N%P%C%U%!$,!"(B
$B$=$N%F%-%9%H$N0lIt$N$_$rJT=8$9$k$h$&$K@)8B$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"<B:]$K$O%^%$%J%b!<%I$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"$=$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$9!#(B
@xref{Narrowing}$B!#(B
@samp{Def}$B$O!"%-!<%\!<%I%^%/%m$rDj5ACf$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Keyboard Macros}$B!#(B

@c   In addition, if Emacs is currently inside a recursive editing level,
@c square brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that
@c surround the modes.  If Emacs is in one recursive editing level within
@c another, double square brackets appear, and so on.  Since recursive
@c editing levels affect Emacs globally, not just one buffer, the square
@c brackets appear in every window's mode line or not in any of them.
@c @xref{Recursive Edit}.@refill
$B$5$i$K!"(BEmacs$B$,!"8=:_!":F5"JT=8%l%Y%k$K$"$k$H$-$K$O!"(B
$B%b!<%I$r0O$s$G$$$k3g8L$N<~$j$K3Q3g8L!J(B@samp{[@dots{}]}$B!K$,8=$l$^$9!#(B
$B:F5"JT=8%l%Y%k$NCf$GJL$N:F5"JT=8%l%Y%k$KF~$C$F$$$k$H!"(B
$B3Q3g8L$O(B2$B=E$K$J$k$H$$$&$U$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B:F5"JT=8%l%Y%k$O!"FCDj$N%P%C%U%!$K$@$14X78$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$/!"(B
Emacs$BA4BN$K1F6A$9$k$N$G!"3Q3g8L$O$9$Y$F$N%&%#%s%I%&$N%b!<%I9T$KI=<($5$l$k!"(B
$B$"$k$$$O!"$^$C$?$/I=<($5$l$J$$$N$I$A$i$+$G$9!#(B
@xref{Recursive Edit}$B!#(B

@c   Non-windowing terminals can only show a single Emacs frame at a time
@c (@pxref{Frames}).  On such terminals, the mode line displays the name of
@c the selected frame, after @var{ch}.  The initial frame's name is
@c @samp{F1}.
$B%&%#%s%I%&$rI=<($G$-$J$$C<Kv$G$O!"0lEY$K$O!"(B
$BC10l$N(BEmacs$B%U%l!<%`$7$+I=<($G$-$^$;$s(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Frames}$B!K!#(B
$B$=$N$h$&$JC<Kv$G$O!"%b!<%I9T$N(B@var{ch}$B$N$"$H$K!"(B
$BA*Br$7$F$$$k%U%l!<%`$NL>A0$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B=i4|%U%l!<%`$NL>A0$O!"(B@samp{F1}$B$G$9!#(B

@c   @var{cs} states the coding system used for the file you are editing.
@c A dash indicates the default state of affairs: no code conversion,
@c except for end-of-line translation if the file contents call for that.
@c @samp{=} means no conversion whatsoever.  Nontrivial code conversions
@c are represented by various letters---for example, @samp{1} refers to ISO
@c Latin-1.  @xref{Coding Systems}, for more information.  If you are using
@c an input method, a string of the form @samp{@var{i}>} is added to the
@c beginning of @var{cs}; @var{i} identifies the input method.  (Some input
@c methods show @samp{+} or @samp{@@} instead of @samp{>}.)  @xref{Input
@c Methods}.
@var{cs}$B$O!"JT=8Cf$N%U%!%$%k$G;HMQ$7$F$$$k%3!<%G%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
$B%@%C%7%e!J(B@samp{-}$B!K$O%G%U%)%k%H$N>uBV!"$D$^$j!"(B
$B%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$K1~$8$F9TKvJQ49$O9T$&$,!"(B
$B%3!<%IJQ49$O9T$o$J$$$3$H$r<($7$^$9!#(B
@samp{=}$B$N>l9g!"%3!<%IJQ49$r$^$C$?$/9T$o$J$$$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
$BC1=c$G$O$J$$%3!<%IJQ49$r$5$^$6$^J8;z$G<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@samp{1}$B$O!"(BISO Latin-1$B$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
$B>\$7$/$O!"(B@xref{Coding Systems}$B!#(B
$BF~NOJ}<0$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
@var{cs}$B$N@hF,$K(B@samp{@var{i}>}$B$N7A<0$NJ8;zNs$,IU2C$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$3$G!"(B@var{i}$B$OF~NOJ}<0$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
$B!J(B@samp{>}$B$N$+$o$j$K!"(B@samp{+}$B$d(B@samp{@@}$B$rI=<($9$kF~NOJ}<0$b$"$k!#!K(B
@xref{Input Methods}$B!#(B

@c   When you are using a character-only terminal (not a window system),
@c @var{cs} uses three characters to describe, respectively, the coding
@c system for keyboard input, the coding system for terminal output, and
@c the coding system used for the file you are editing.
$B!J%&%#%s%I%&%7%9%F%`$G$O$J$/$F!KJ8;zC<Kv$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g!"(B
@var{cs}$B$O(B3$BJ8;z$K$J$j!"$=$l$>$l!"(B
$B%-!<%\!<%IF~NO$N%3!<%G%#%s%0%7%9%F%`!"(B
$B2hLL=PNO$N%3!<%G%#%s%0%7%9%F%`!"(B
$BJT=8Cf$N%U%!%$%k$N%3!<%G%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G$9!#(B

@c   When multibyte characters are not enabled, @var{cs} does not appear at
@c all.  @xref{Enabling Multibyte}.
$B%^%k%A%P%$%HJ8;z$,;HMQIT2D$N>l9g!"(B@var{cs}$B$O$^$C$?$/I=<($5$l$^$;$s!#(B
@xref{Enabling Multibyte}$B!#(B

@c @cindex end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication
@cindex $B9TKvJQ49!"%b!<%I9T$NI=<((B
@cindex $B%b!<%I9T$NI=<(!"9TKvJQ49(B
@c   The colon after @var{cs} can change to another string in certain
@c circumstances.  Emacs uses newline to separate lines in the buffer.
@c Some files use different conventions for separating lines: either
@c carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just carriage-return
@c (the Macintosh convention).  If the buffer's file uses carriage-return
@c linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash (@samp{\}) or
@c @samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system.  If the file uses just
@c carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either a forward slash
@c (@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}.  On some systems, Emacs displays
@c @samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon even for files that use newline to
@c separate lines.
@var{cs}$B$N$"$H$N%3%m%s$O!"FCDj$N>lLL$G$OJL$NJ8;zNs$KJQ$o$k$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
Emacs$B$O!"%P%C%U%!Fb$N9T6h@Z$j$H$7$F2~9T$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$K$h$C$F$O!"9T6h@Z$j$H$7$FJL$N47=,$rMQ$$$k$b$N$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$BI|5"2~9T!J(BMS-DOS$B$N47=,!K!"$"$k$$$O!"I|5"$N$_!J(BMacintosh$B$N47=,!K$G$9!#(B
$B%P%C%U%!$N%U%!%$%k$,I|5"2~9T$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$K0MB8$7$F!"(B
$B%3%m%s$O%P%C%/%9%i%C%7%e!J(B@samp{\}$B!K$+(B@samp{(DOS)}$B$KJQ$o$j$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$,I|5"$N$_$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B%3%m%s$O%9%i%C%7%e!J(B@samp{/}$B!K$+(B@samp{(Mac)}$B$KJQ$o$j$^$9!#(B
$B%7%9%F%`$K$h$C$F$O!"9T6h@Z$j$H$7$F2~9T$r;H$C$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$G$"$C$F$b!"(B
Emacs$B$O%3%m%s$N$+$o$j$K(B@samp{(Unix)}$B$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B

@vindex eol-mnemonic-unix
@vindex eol-mnemonic-dos
@vindex eol-mnemonic-mac
@vindex eol-mnemonic-undecided
@c   You can customize the mode line display for each of the end-of-line
@c formats by setting each of the variables @code{eol-mnemonic-unix},
@c @code{eol-mnemonic-dos}, @code{eol-mnemonic-mac}, and
@c @code{eol-mnemonic-undecided} to any string you find appropriate.
@c @xref{Variables}, for an explanation how to set variables.
$B3F<o9TKv7A<0$N%b!<%I9T$X$NI=<($O!"(B
$B3FJQ?t!"(B@code{eol-mnemonic-unix}$B!"(B@code{eol-mnemonic-dos}$B!"(B
@code{eol-mnemonic-mac}$B!"(B@code{eol-mnemonic-undecided}$B$K(B
$B%f!<%6!<$K$H$C$FE,@Z$JG$0U$NJ8;zNs$r(B
$B@_Dj$9$k$3$H$G%+%9%?%^%$%:$G$-$^$9!#(B
$BJQ?t$N@_DjJ}K!$K$D$$$F$O!"(B@xref{Variables}$B!#(B

@c   @xref{Optional Mode Line}, for features that add other handy
@c information to the mode line, such as the current column number of
@c point, the current time, and whether new mail for you has arrived.
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N7eHV9f!"8=:_;~9o!"?7Ce%a%$%k$NM-L5$J$I$N(B
$B$*<j$4$m>pJs$r%b!<%I9T$XDI2C$9$k5!G=$K$D$$$F$O!"(B
@xref{Optional Mode Line}$B!#(B

@node Menu Bar
@c @section The Menu Bar
@section $B%a%K%e!<%P!<(B
@c @cindex menu bar
@cindex $B%a%K%e!<%P!<(B

@c   Each Emacs frame normally has a @dfn{menu bar} at the top which you
@c can use to perform certain common operations.  There's no need to list
@c them here, as you can more easily see for yourself.
$B3F(BEmacs$B%U%l!<%`$K$O!"DL>o!":G>eIt$K(B@dfn{$B%a%K%e!<%P!<(B}$B!J(Bmenu bar$B!K$,$"$j!"(B
$B$h$/;H$o$l$kA`:n$r<B9T$9$k$N$K;H$($^$9!#(B
$BFI<T<+?H$G4JC1$K3N$+$a$i$l$^$9$+$i!"(B
$B$3$3$G$O$=$l$i$rNs5s$9$kI,MW$O$J$$$G$7$g$&!#(B

@kindex M-`
@kindex F10
@findex tmm-menubar
@c   When you are using a window system, you can use the mouse to choose a
@c command from the menu bar.  An arrow pointing right, after the menu
@c item, indicates that the item leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at
@c the end means that the command will read arguments from the keyboard
@c before it actually does anything.
$B%&%#%s%I%&%7%9%F%`$r;H$C$F$$$k$N$G$"$l$P!"(B
$B%^%&%9$r;H$C$F%a%K%e!<%P!<$+$i%3%^%s%I$rA*$Y$^$9!#(B
$B%a%K%e!<9`L\$N$"$H$K$"$k1&8~$-Lp0u$O!"(B
$B$=$N9`L\$K%5%V%a%K%e!<$,$"$k$3$H$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B9`L\$N:G8e$K(B@samp{...}$B$,$"$k>l9g$O!"%3%^%s%I$r<B:]$K<B9T$9$k$^$($K!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I$,%-!<%\!<%I$+$i0z?t$rFI$_<h$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B

@c   To view the full command name and documentation for a menu item, type
@c @kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in the usual
@c way (@pxref{Key Help}).
$B%a%K%e!<9`L\$N40A4$J%3%^%s%IL>$d@bL@J8$r8+$k$K$O!"(B
@kbd{C-h k}$B$HBG$C$F$+$i!"DL>o$I$*$j$K%^%&%9$G%a%K%e!<%P!<$rA*Br$7$^$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Key Help}$B!K!#(B

@c   On text-only terminals with no mouse, you can use the menu bar by
@c typing @kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command
@c @code{tmm-menubar}).  This command enters a mode in which you can select
@c a menu item from the keyboard.  A provisional choice appears in the echo
@c area.  You can use the left and right arrow keys to move through the
@c menu to different choices.  When you have found the choice you want,
@c type @key{RET} to select it.
$B%^%&%9$N$J$$J8;zC<Kv$G$b!"(B
@kbd{M-`}$B$d(B@key{F10}$B!J$3$l$i$O(B@code{tmm-menubar}$B$r5/F0$9$k!K$rBG$F$P!"(B
$B%a%K%e!<%P!<$rMxMQ$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!"%-!<%\!<%I$+$i%a%K%e!<9`L\$rA*Br$9$k%b!<%I$KF~$j$^$9!#(B
$B%(%3!<NN0h$K$O!"2>$NA*Br9`L\$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B:8Lp0u%-!<$d1&Lp0u%-!<$G%a%K%e!<$NCf$r0\F0$7$FJL$N9`L\$rA*$Y$^$9!#(B
$BA*Br$r3NDj$9$k$K$O(B@key{RET}$B%-!<$rBG$A$^$9!#(B

@c   Each menu item also has an assigned letter or digit which designates
@c that item; it is usually the initial of some word in the item's name.
@c This letter or digit is separated from the item name by @samp{=>}.  You
@c can type the item's letter or digit to select the item.
$B3F%a%K%e!<9`L\$K$O!"$=$N9`L\$r;XDj$9$k(B1$B8D$NJ8;z$d?t;z$b3d$jEv$F$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$BDL>o!"$=$l$i$O9`L\L>$NC18l$NF,J8;z$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$NJ8;z$d?t;z$O!"9`L\L>$H(B@samp{=>}$B$GJ,N%$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B9`L\$NJ8;z$d?t;z$rBG$F$P$=$N9`L\$rA*$Y$^$9!#(B

@c   Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as
@c well; if so, the menu lists one equivalent key binding in parentheses
@c after the item itself.
$B%a%K%e!<%P!<$K$"$k%3%^%s%I$NCf$K$O!"(B
$B%-!<%P%$%s%G%#%s%0$r;}$D$b$N$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N>l9g!"9`L\<+?H$N$"$H$N3g8L$NCf$KEy2A$J%-!<%P%$%s%I$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B