@c =============================================================
@c = $B85(B $BK](B $BLu(B: $B@VCS1QIW!wEE5$DL?.Bg3X(B
@c = $B2CI.=$@5(B: $BBgLZFXM:!wBgDM(B.$BC^GHBg3X(B = 1998/11/25
@c = 20.4$B2~D{(B: $BBgLZFXM:!wBgDM(B.$BC^GHBg3X(B = 1999/09/12
@c =============================================================
@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top
@c @chapter Commands for Human Languages
@chapter $B<+A38@8lMQ$N%3%^%s%I(B
@c @cindex text
@cindex $B%F%-%9%H(B
@c @cindex manipulating text
@cindex $B%F%-%9%H$NA`:n(B

@c   The term @dfn{text} has two widespread meanings in our area of the
@c computer field.  One is data that is a sequence of characters.  Any file
@c that you edit with Emacs is text, in this sense of the word.  The other
@c meaning is more restrictive: a sequence of characters in a human language
@c for humans to read (possibly after processing by a text formatter), as
@c opposed to a program or commands for a program.
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$NJ,Ln$G$O!"(B@dfn{$B%F%-%9%H(B}$B!J(Btext$B!K$H$$$&MQ8l$K$O(B
2$B$D$NBg$-$J0UL#$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
1$B$D$O!"J8;z$NNs$+$i@.$k%G!<%?$N$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N0UL#$+$i$9$l$P!"(BEmacs$B$GJT=8$9$k$I$s$J%U%!%$%k$b%F%-%9%H$G$9!#(B
$B$b$&(B1$B$D$N0UL#$O$h$j8BDj$5$l$F$$$F!"?M4V$,FI$`<+A38@8l$N(B
$B!J%F%-%9%H@07A=hM}8e$N>l9g$b$"$k$,!KJ8;z$NNs$N$3$H$G!"(B
$B%W%m%0%i%`$d%W%m%0%i%`$KM?$($k%3%^%s%I$HBPHf$5$l$^$9!#(B

@c   Human languages have syntactic/stylistic conventions that can be
@c supported or used to advantage by editor commands: conventions involving
@c words, sentences, paragraphs, and capital letters.  This chapter
@c describes Emacs commands for all of these things.  There are also
@c commands for @dfn{filling}, which means rearranging the lines of a
@c paragraph to be approximately equal in length.  The commands for moving
@c over and killing words, sentences and paragraphs, while intended
@c primarily for editing text, are also often useful for editing programs.
$B<+A38@8l$K$O!"%(%G%#%?%3%^%s%I$G;Y1g$7$?$jMxMQ$7$?$j$G$-$k9=J8E*!?MM<0E*$J(B
$BLsB+;v$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"C18l!"J8!"CJMn!"BgJ8;z$H$$$C$?$b$N$G$9!#(B
$BK\>O$G$O!"$3$l$i$r07$&(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$K$D$$$F=R$Y$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"(B@dfn{$B5M$a9~$_(B}$B!J(Bfilling$B!K!"$D$^$j!"(B
$BCJMn$N3F9T$,$[$\F1$8D9$5$K$J$k$h$&$K:FG[CV$7D>$9%3%^%s%I$K$D$$$F$b$U$l$^$9!#(B
$BC18l!"J8!"CJMn$r2#CG$7$F%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$?$j!"(B
$B$=$l$i$r%-%k$9$k%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$B<+A38@8l%F%-%9%H$NJT=8$r0U?^$7$?$b$N$G$9$,!"%W%m%0%i%`$NJT=8$K$bLrN)$A$^$9!#(B

@c   Emacs has several major modes for editing human-language text.  If the
@c file contains text pure and simple, use Text mode, which customizes
@c Emacs in small ways for the syntactic conventions of text.  Outline mode
@c provides special commands for operating on text with an outline
@c structure.
Emacs$B$K$O!"<+A38@8l%F%-%9%H$NJT=8MQ$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$,$$$/$D$+$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B07$&%F%-%9%H$,=c?h$K%F%-%9%H$@$1$GC1=c$J$b$N$G$"$l$P!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$r;H$$$^$7$g$&!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"<+A38@8l%F%-%9%H$N9=J8>e$NLsB+;v$r07$($k$h$&$K!"(B
Emacs$B$r>/$7$@$1%+%9%?%^%$%:$7$F$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$K$O!"(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$r;}$D%F%-%9%H$rA`:n$9$kFCJL$J%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
@iftex
@c @xref{Outline Mode}.
@xref{Outline Mode}$B!#(B
@end iftex

@c   For text which contains embedded commands for text formatters, Emacs
@c has other major modes, each for a particular text formatter.  Thus, for
@c input to @TeX{}, you would use @TeX{}
$B%F%-%9%H@07A%3%^%s%I$rKd$a9~$s$@%F%-%9%H$KBP$7$F$O!"(B
$BFCDj$N%F%-%9%H@6=q7O$4$H$KJL$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$,MQ0U$7$F$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@TeX{}$BMQ$K$O(B@TeX{}
@iftex
@c mode (@pxref{TeX Mode}).
$B%b!<%I!J(B@pxref{TeX Mode}$B!K$,$"$j$^$9$7!"(B
@end iftex
@ifinfo
@c mode.
$B%b!<%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
@end ifinfo
@c For input to nroff, use Nroff mode.
nroff$BMQ$K$O(Bnroff$B%b!<%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@c   Instead of using a text formatter, you can edit formatted text in
@c WYSIWYG style (``what you see is what you get''), with Enriched mode.
@c Then the formatting appears on the screen in Emacs while you edit.
$B%F%-%9%H@6=q7O$r;H$&$+$o$j$K%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r;HMQ$9$l$P!"(B
WYSIWYG$B!J(Bwhat you see is what you get$B!"!X8+$?$H$*$j$rF@$k!Y!K%9%?%$%k$G(B
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$rJT=8$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"(BEmacs$B$N2hLL>e$G@07A7k2L$r8+$J$,$iJT=8$G$-$k$o$1$G$9!#(B
@iftex
@c @xref{Formatted Text}.
@xref{Formatted Text}$B!#(B
@end iftex

@menu
* Words::	        Moving over and killing words.
* Sentences::	        Moving over and killing sentences.
* Paragraphs::	        Moving over paragraphs.
* Pages::	        Moving over pages.
* Filling::	        Filling or justifying text.
* Case::	        Changing the case of text.
* Text Mode::	        The major modes for editing text files.
* Outline Mode::        Editing outlines.
* TeX Mode::	        Editing input to the formatter TeX.
* Nroff Mode::	        Editing input to the formatter nroff.
* Formatted Text::      Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
@end menu

@node Words
@c @section Words
@section $BC18l(B
@c @cindex words
@cindex $BC18l(B
@c @cindex Meta commands and words
@cindex $B%a%?%3%^%s%I$HC18l(B

@c   Emacs has commands for moving over or operating on words.  By convention,
@c the keys for them are all Meta characters.
Emacs$B$K$O!"C18l$r2#CG$7$F%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$?$j!"(B
$BC18l$rA`:nBP>]$H$9$k%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B47Nc$H$7$F!"$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$N%-!<$O%a%?J8;z$G$9!#(B

@c widecommands
@table @kbd
@item M-f
@c Move forward over a word (@code{forward-word}).
$BC18l$r2#CG$7$F%]%$%s%H$rA08~$-$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{forward-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-b
@c Move backward over a word (@code{backward-word}).
$BC18l$r2#CG$7$F%]%$%s%H$r8e8~$-$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{backward-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-d
@c Kill up to the end of a word (@code{kill-word}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$iC18l$NKvHx$^$G$r%-%k$9$k!J(B@code{kill-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-@key{DEL}
@c Kill back to the beginning of a word (@code{backward-kill-word}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$iC18l$N@hF,$^$G$r8e8~$-$K%-%k$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{backward-kill-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-@@
@c Mark the end of the next word (@code{mark-word}).
$B$D$.$NC18l$NKvHx$K%^!<%/$r@_Dj$9$k!J(B@code{mark-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-t
@c Transpose two words or drag a word across other words
@c (@code{transpose-words}).
$BNY@\$7$?(B2$B$D$NC18l$rF~$lBX$($k!#(B
$B$"$k$$$O!"C18l$rJ#?t$NC18l$rHt$S1[$7$F0\$9!#(B
$B!J(B@code{transpose-words}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@c   Notice how these keys form a series that parallels the character-based
@c @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-t}.  @kbd{M-@@} is
@c cognate to @kbd{C-@@}, which is an alias for @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}.
$B$3$l$i$N%-!<$O!"J8;zC10L$NA`:n%3%^%s%I!"(B@kbd{C-f}$B!"(B@kbd{C-b}$B!"(B
@kbd{C-d}$B!"(B@key{DEL}$B!"(B@kbd{C-t}$B$KBP1~$7$F$$$k$3$H$KCmL\$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
@kbd{M-@@}$B$b!"(B@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}$B$NJLL>$G$"$k(B@kbd{C-@@}$B$KBP1~$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

@kindex M-f
@kindex M-b
@findex forward-word
@findex backward-word
@c   The commands @kbd{M-f} (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b}
@c (@code{backward-word}) move forward and backward over words.  These
@c Meta characters are thus analogous to the corresponding control
@c characters, @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-b}, which move over single characters
@c in the text.  The analogy extends to numeric arguments, which serve as
@c repeat counts.  @kbd{M-f} with a negative argument moves backward, and
@c @kbd{M-b} with a negative argument moves forward.  Forward motion
@c stops right after the last letter of the word, while backward motion
@c stops right before the first letter.@refill
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-f}$B!J(B@code{forward-word}$B!K$H(B
@kbd{M-b}$B!J(B@code{backward-word}$B!K$O!"(B
$BC18l$r2#CG$7$F%]%$%s%H$rA08~$-$K!JKvHx$K8~$+$C$F!K(B
$B$"$k$$$O8e8~$-$K!J@hF,$K8~$+$C$F!K0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%a%?J8;z$O!"J8;zC10L$G%]%$%s%H$rA08e$K0\F0$9$k(B
$B%3%s%H%m!<%kJ8;z(B@kbd{C-f}$B$d(B@kbd{C-b}$B$KN`;w$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NN`;w@-$O!"?t0z?t$rH?I|2s?t$H$7$F07$&$3$H$K$b$*$h$S$^$9!#(B
$BIi$N0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"(B@kbd{M-f}$B$O8e8~$-$K0\F0$7!"(B
@kbd{M-b}$B$OA08~$-$K0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$BA08~$-0\F0$G$OC18l$N:G8e$NJ8;z$ND>8e$K!"(B
$B8e8~$-0\F0$G$O:G=i$NJ8;z$ND>A0$K!"%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![$J$*!"0\F0J}8~$KC18l9=@.J8;z$,$J$$>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B$=$l$i$rHt$S1[$($F%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B}

@kindex M-d
@findex kill-word
@c   @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) kills the word after point.  To be
@c precise, it kills everything from point to the place @kbd{M-f} would
@c move to.  Thus, if point is in the middle of a word, @kbd{M-d} kills
@c just the part after point.  If some punctuation comes between point and the
@c next word, it is killed along with the word.  (If you wish to kill only the
@c next word but not the punctuation before it, simply do @kbd{M-f} to get
@c the end, and kill the word backwards with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.)
@c @kbd{M-d} takes arguments just like @kbd{M-f}.
@kbd{M-d}$B!J(B@code{kill-word}$B!K$O%]%$%s%H$ND>8e$NC18l$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B@53N$K$$$($P!"%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$i(B@kbd{M-f}$B$K$h$k0\F00LCV$^$G$NA4J8;z$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,C18l$NESCf$K$"$l$P!"%]%$%s%H$h$j$"$H$NItJ,$@$1$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"%]%$%s%H$H$D$.$NC18l$N$"$$$@$K6gFIE@$,$"$l$P!"(B
$BC18l$H0l=o$K$=$l$i$b%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B!J$D$.$NC18l$@$1$r%-%k$7$F$=$N$^$($K$"$k6gFIE@$r;D$7$?$1$l$P!"(B
@kbd{M-f}$B$G$D$.$NC18l$NKvHx$K0\F0$7$F$+$i!"(B
@kbd{M-@key{DEL}}$B$G$=$NC18l$r8e8~$-$K%-%k$9$k!#!K(B
@kbd{M-d}$B$O!"0z?t$r(B@kbd{M-f}$B$HF1MM$K2r<a$7$^$9!#(B

@findex backward-kill-word
@kindex M-DEL
@c   @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} (@code{backward-kill-word}) kills the word before
@c point.  It kills everything from point back to where @kbd{M-b} would
@c move to.  If point is after the space in @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}}, then
@c @w{@samp{FOO, }} is killed.  (If you wish to kill just @samp{FOO}, and
@c not the comma and the space, use @kbd{M-b M-d} instead of
@c @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.)
@kbd{M-@key{DEL}}$B!J(B@code{backward-kill-word}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$ND>A0$NC18l$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$i(B@kbd{M-b}$B$K$h$k0\F00LCV$^$G$NA4J8;z$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,(B@w{@samp{FOO, BAR}}$B$N6uGr$ND>8e$K$"$k$H$9$l$P!"(B
@w{@samp{FOO, }}$B$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B!J(B@samp{FOO}$B$@$1$r%-%k$7$F%3%s%^$H6uGr$r;D$7$?$1$l$P!"(B
@kbd{M-@key{DEL}}$B$N$+$o$j$K(B@kbd{M-b M-d}$B$r;H$&!#!K(B

@kindex M-t
@findex transpose-words
@c   @kbd{M-t} (@code{transpose-words}) exchanges the word before or
@c containing point with the following word.  The delimiter characters between
@c the words do not move.  For example, @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}} transposes into
@c @w{@samp{BAR, FOO}} rather than @samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}.  @xref{Transpose}, for
@c more on transposition and on arguments to transposition commands.
@kbd{M-t}$B!J(B@code{transpose-words}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$ND>A0$K$"$kC18l$"$k$$$O%]%$%s%H$r4^$`C18l$H!"(B
$B8eB3$NC18l$H$rF~$lBX$($^$9!#(B
$BC18l$N$"$$$@$K$"$k6h@Z$jJ8;z$OF0$-$;$s!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@w{@samp{FOO, BAR}}$B$rF~$lBX$($k$H!"(B
@samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}$B$G$O$J$/(B@w{@samp{BAR, FOO}}$B$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
$BF~$lBX$($dF~$lBX$(%3%^%s%I$N0z?t$K$D$$$F$O!"(B
@xref{Transpose}$B!#(B

@kindex M-@@
@findex mark-word
@c   To operate on the next @var{n} words with an operation which applies
@c between point and mark, you can either set the mark at point and then move
@c over the words, or you can use the command @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word})
@c which does not move point, but sets the mark where @kbd{M-f} would move
@c to.  @kbd{M-@@} accepts a numeric argument that says how many words to
@c scan for the place to put the mark.  In Transient Mark mode, this command
@c activates the mark.
$B%]%$%s%H$H%^!<%/$N$"$$$@$KE,MQ$5$l$kA`:n$r8eB3$N(B@var{n}$B8D$NC18l$KE,MQ$9$kJ}K!$O!"(B
2$B$D$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$K%^!<%/$r@_Dj$7$F$+$i!"C18l$r2#CG$7$F%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B$"$k$$$O!"%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-@@}$B!J(B@code{mark-word}$B!K$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!"%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$;$:$K!"(B
@kbd{M-f}$B$K$h$k0\F00LCV$K%^!<%/$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{M-@@}$B$K$O!"2?C18l@h$K%^!<%/$r@_Dj$9$k$+$r?t0z?t$G;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B;CDj%^!<%/!J(Btransient-mark$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"$3$N%3%^%s%I$O%^!<%/$r3h@-$K$7$^$9!#(B

@c   The word commands' understanding of syntax is completely controlled by
@c the syntax table.  Any character can, for example, be declared to be a word
@c delimiter.  @xref{Syntax}.
$BC18lA`:n%3%^%s%I$,M}2r$9$k9=J8$O!"$9$Y$F9=J8%F!<%V%k$G@)8f$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"G$0U$NJ8;z$rC18l$N6h@Z$jJ8;z$H$7$F@k8@$G$-$^$9!#(B
@xref{Syntax}$B!#(B

@node Sentences
@c @section Sentences
@section $BJ8(B
@c @cindex sentences
@cindex $BJ8(B
@c @cindex manipulating sentences
@cindex $BJ8$NA`:n(B

@c   The Emacs commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are mostly
@c on Meta keys, so as to be like the word-handling commands.
Emacs$B$NJ8!?CJMnA`:n%3%^%s%I$O!"C18lA`:n%3%^%s%I$HF1$8$/!"(B
$B$[$H$s$I%a%?%-!<$G$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item M-a
@c Move back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-sentence}).
$BJ8$N@hF,$K%]%$%s%H$r8e8~$-$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{backward-sentence}$B!K!#(B
@item M-e
@c Move forward to the end of the sentence (@code{forward-sentence}).
$BJ8$NKvHx$K%]%$%s%H$rA08~$-$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{forward-sentence}$B!K!#(B
@item M-k
@c Kill forward to the end of the sentence (@code{kill-sentence}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$iJ8Kv$^$G$rA08~$-$K%-%k$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{kill-sentence}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x @key{DEL}
@c Kill back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$iJ8F,$^$G$r8e8~$-$K%-%k$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{backward-kill-sentence}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@kindex M-a
@kindex M-e
@findex backward-sentence
@findex forward-sentence
@c   The commands @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} (@code{backward-sentence} and
@c @code{forward-sentence}) move to the beginning and end of the current
@c sentence, respectively.  They were chosen to resemble @kbd{C-a} and
@c @kbd{C-e}, which move to the beginning and end of a line.  Unlike them,
@c @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} if repeated or given numeric arguments move over
@c successive sentences.
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-a}$B$H(B@kbd{M-e}
$B!J(B@code{backward-sentence}$B$H(B@code{forward-sentence}$B!K$O!"(B
$B$=$l$>$l!"%]%$%s%H$r4^$`J8$N@hF,$"$k$$$OKvHx$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$O!"9TF,$d9TKv$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-a}$B$H(B@kbd{C-e}$B$K(B
$BN`;w$9$k$h$&$KA*$P$l$^$7$?!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"(B@kbd{M-a}$B$d(B@kbd{M-e}$B$rH?I|$7$F;H$C$?$j?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$OO"B3$7$?J8$r2#CG$7$F0\F0$9$kE@$,0c$$$^$9!#(B

@c   Moving backward over a sentence places point just before the first
@c character of the sentence; moving forward places point right after the
@c punctuation that ends the sentence.  Neither one moves over the
@c whitespace at the sentence boundary.
$B!JJ8F,$K8~$+$C$F!K8e8~$-$K0\F0$9$k$H$-$O!"(B
$BJ8$N@hF,$NJ8;z$ND>A0$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$-$^$9!#(B
$B!JJ8Kv$K8~$+$C$F!KA08~$-$K0\F0$9$k$H$-$O!"(B
$BJ8$r=*$($k6gFIE@$ND>8e$KCV$-$^$9!#(B
$B$I$A$i$N%3%^%s%I$b!"J8$HJ8$N6-3&$K$"$kGrJ8;z$K(B
$B%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k$3$H$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

@kindex M-k
@kindex C-x DEL
@findex kill-sentence
@findex backward-kill-sentence
@c   Just as @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} have a kill command, @kbd{C-k}, to go
@c with them, so @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} have a corresponding kill command
@c @kbd{M-k} (@code{kill-sentence}) which kills from point to the end of
@c the sentence.  With minus one as an argument it kills back to the
@c beginning of the sentence.  Larger arguments serve as a repeat count.
@c There is also a command, @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}}
@c (@code{backward-kill-sentence}), for killing back to the beginning of a
@c sentence.  This command is useful when you change your mind in the
@c middle of composing text.@refill
@kbd{C-a}$B$H(B@kbd{C-e}$B$K$OD4OB$7$?%-%k%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-k}$B$,$"$k$h$&$K!"(B
@kbd{M-a}$B$H(B@kbd{M-e}$B$K$b%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-k}$B!J(B@code{kill-sentence}$B!K$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O%]%$%s%H$+$iJ8Kv$^$G$r%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B0z?t$K(B@minus{}1$B$r;XDj$9$k$H!"J8F,$^$G$r8e8~$-$K%-%k$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$h$jBg$-$J0z?t$OH?I|2s?t$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$iJ8F,$^$G$r8e8~$-$K%-%k$9$k%3%^%s%I$H$7$F(B
@kbd{C-x @key{DEL}}$B!J(B@code{backward-kill-sentence}$B!K$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!"J8$N:n@.ESCf$G9M$($,JQ$o$C$?$H$-$KJXMx$G$9!#(B

@c   The sentence commands assume that you follow the American typist's
@c convention of putting two spaces at the end of a sentence; they consider
@c a sentence to end wherever there is a @samp{.}, @samp{?} or @samp{!}
@c followed by the end of a line or two spaces, with any number of
@c @samp{)}, @samp{]}, @samp{'}, or @samp{"} characters allowed in between.
@c A sentence also begins or ends wherever a paragraph begins or ends.
$BJ8A`:n%3%^%s%I$G$O!"J8Kv$K6uGr$r(B2$B8DBG$D$H$$$&JF9q$N%?%$%T%9%H$N=,47$r(B
$BF'=1$7$F$$$k$b$N$H2>Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"(B@samp{.}$B!"(B@samp{?}$B!"(B@samp{!}$B$ND>8e$,9TKv$G$"$k$+6uGr$,(B2$B8DB3$1$P!"(B
$B$=$N2U=j$rJ8Kv$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"(B@samp{.}$B!"(B@samp{?}$B!"(B@samp{!}$B$ND>8e$K$O!"(B
@samp{)}$B!"(B@samp{]}$B!"(B@samp{'}$B!"(B@samp{"}$B$,$$$/$D$"$C$F$b$+$^$$$^$;$s!#(B
$B$^$?!"CJMn$N@hF,$HKvHx$b!"$=$l$>$l!"J8$N@hF,$HKvHx$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

@vindex sentence-end
@c   The variable @code{sentence-end} controls recognition of the end of a
@c sentence.  It is a regexp that matches the last few characters of a
@c sentence, together with the whitespace following the sentence.  Its
@c normal value is
$BJQ?t(B@code{sentence-end}$B$G!"J8Kv$N<1JLJ}K!$r@)8f$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NCM$O!"J8Kv$N?t8D$NJ8;z$H$=$l$i$KB3$/GrJ8;z$K0lCW$9$k@55,I=8=$G$9!#(B
$BDL>o$NCM$O$D$.$N$H$*$j$G$9!#(B
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![(B
$B8@8l4D6-$r(B@code{Japanese}$B$K$9$k$H!"JQ?t(B@code{sentence-end}$B$O(B
@example
"[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\|\t\\|  \\)[ \t\n]*\\|[$B!#!)!*(B]"
@end example
$B$H$J$C$F$$$k!#(B
$BDI2CItJ,$O!"F|K\8l$NJ8Kv$KBP1~$9$kJ8;z=89g!#(B}

@example
"[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\|\t\\|  \\)[ \t\n]*"
@end example

@noindent
@c This example is explained in the section on regexps.  @xref{Regexps}.
$B$3$NNc$O!"@55,I=8=$N@a$G@bL@$7$^$7$?!#(B
@xref{Regexps}$B!#(B

@c   If you want to use just one space between sentences, you should
@c set @code{sentence-end} to this value:
$BJ8$N$"$$$@$K$O6uGr$r(B1$B8D$@$1$H$7$?$1$l$P!"(B
@code{sentence-end}$B$K$O$D$.$NCM$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@example
"[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*"
@end example

@noindent
@c You should also set the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} to
@c @code{nil} so that the fill commands expect and leave just one space at
@c the end of a sentence.  Note that this makes it impossible to
@c distinguish between periods that end sentences and those that indicate
@c abbreviations.
$BF1;~$K!"JQ?t(B@code{sentence-end-double-space}$B$K$O(B@code{nil}$B$r@_Dj$7$F!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$K$b!"J8Kv$K$O6uGr$,(B1$B8D$@$1$"$j!"$^$?!"(B
$BJ8Kv$K$O6uGr$r(B1$B8D$@$1DI2C$9$k$3$H$r;X<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"$3$N$h$&$K@_Dj$9$k$H!"(B
$BJ8Kv$N%T%j%*%I$H>JN,$N%T%j%*%I$H$r6hJL$G$-$J$/$J$k$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

@node Paragraphs
@c @section Paragraphs
@section $BCJMn(B
@c @cindex paragraphs
@cindex $BCJMn(B
@c @cindex manipulating paragraphs
@cindex $BCJMn$NA`:n(B
@kindex M-@{
@kindex M-@}
@findex backward-paragraph
@findex forward-paragraph

@c   The Emacs commands for manipulating paragraphs are also Meta keys.
$BCJMn$rA`:n$9$k(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$b%a%?%-!<$G$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item M-@{
@c Move back to previous paragraph beginning (@code{backward-paragraph}).
$B$^$($NCJMn$N@hF,$K%]%$%s%H$r8e8~$-$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{backward-paragraph}$B!K!#(B
@item M-@}
@c Move forward to next paragraph end (@code{forward-paragraph}).
$B$D$.$NCJMn$NKvHx$K%]%$%s%H$rA08~$-$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{forward-paragraph}$B!K!#(B
@item M-h
@c Put point and mark around this or next paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}).
$B%]%$%s%H$r4^$`CJMn$+$D$.$NCJMn$N<~$j$K%]%$%s%H$H%^!<%/$rCV$/(B
$B!J(B@code{mark-paragraph}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@c   @kbd{M-@{} moves to the beginning of the current or previous
@c paragraph, while @kbd{M-@}} moves to the end of the current or next
@c paragraph.  Blank lines and text-formatter command lines separate
@c paragraphs and are not considered part of any paragraph.  In Fundamental
@c mode, but not in Text mode, an indented line also starts a new
@c paragraph.  (If a paragraph is preceded by a blank line, these commands
@c treat that blank line as the beginning of the paragraph.)
@kbd{M-@{}$B$O!"%]%$%s%H$r4^$`CJMn$N@hF,$+!"(B
$B$^$($NCJMn$N@hF,$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B0lJ}!"(B@kbd{M-@}}$B$O!"%]%$%s%H$r4^$`CJMn$NKvHx$+!"(B
$B$D$.$NCJMn$NKvHx$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$BCJMn$O!"6u9T$d%F%-%9%H@07A%3%^%s%I$N9T$G6h@Z$i$l$^$9$,!"(B
$B$=$l$i$N9T<+BN$OCJMn$K$OB0$7$^$;$s!#(B
$B4pK\!J(Bfundamental$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$B;z2<$2$7$?9T$b?7$?$JCJMn$N;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$G$O$=$&$7$^$;$s!#(B
$B!JCJMn$ND>A0$K6u9T$,$"$l$P!"(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$O$=$l$i$rCJMn$N@hF,$H$7$F07$&!#!K(B

@c   In major modes for programs, paragraphs begin and end only at blank
@c lines.  This makes the paragraph commands continue to be useful even
@c though there are no paragraphs per se.
$B%W%m%0%i%`MQ$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$G$O!"CJMn$O6u9T$G;O$^$j6u9T$G=*$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$&$7$F$*$1$P!"K\MhCJMn$r;}$?$J$$%W%m%0%i%`$G$b(B
$BCJMnA`:n%3%^%s%I$,LrN)$A$^$9!#(B

@c   When there is a fill prefix, then paragraphs are delimited by all lines
@c which don't start with the fill prefix.  @xref{Filling}.
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,$"$k>l9g$K$O!"@\F,<-$G;O$^$i$J$$9T$,CJMn$N6h@Z$j$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
@xref{Filling}$B!#(B

@kindex M-h
@findex mark-paragraph
@c   When you wish to operate on a paragraph, you can use the command
@c @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) to set the region around it.  Thus,
@c for example, @kbd{M-h C-w} kills the paragraph around or after point.
@c The @kbd{M-h} command puts point at the beginning and mark at the end of
@c the paragraph point was in.  In Transient Mark mode, it activates the
@c mark.  If point is between paragraphs (in a run of blank lines, or at a
@c boundary), the paragraph following point is surrounded by point and
@c mark.  If there are blank lines preceding the first line of the
@c paragraph, one of these blank lines is included in the region.
$BCJMn$rBP>]$KA`:n$7$?$$$H$-$K$O!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-h}$B!J(B@code{mark-paragraph}$B!K$r;H$C$F(B
$BCJMn$r0O$`$h$&$J%j!<%8%g%s$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"$?$H$($P!"(B@kbd{M-h C-w}$B$H$9$k$H!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$r4^$`$+D>8e$NCJMn$r:o=|$7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{M-h}$B%3%^%s%I$O!"%]%$%s%H$r4^$`CJMn$N@hF,$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$-!"(B
$BKvHx$K%^!<%/$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B;CDj%^!<%/!J(Btransient-mark$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"$3$N%^!<%/$r3h@-$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,CJMn$N$"$$$@!J6u9T$d6-3&!K$K$"$k>l9g$O!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$ND>8e$K$"$kCJMn$N<~$j$K%]%$%s%H$H%^!<%/$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$BCJMn$N(B1$B9TL\$N$^$($K6u9T$,$"$l$P!"(B
$BD>A0$N6u9T(B1$B9T$b(B@kbd{M-h}$B$,@_Dj$9$k%j!<%8%g%s$K4^$^$l$^$9!#(B

@vindex paragraph-start
@vindex paragraph-separate
@c   The precise definition of a paragraph boundary is controlled by the
@c variables @code{paragraph-separate} and @code{paragraph-start}.  The
@c value of @code{paragraph-start} is a regexp that should match any line
@c that either starts or separates paragraphs.  The value of
@c @code{paragraph-separate} is another regexp that should match only lines
@c that separate paragraphs without being part of any paragraph (for
@c example, blank lines).  Lines that start a new paragraph and are
@c contained in it must match only @code{paragraph-start}, not
@c @code{paragraph-separate}.  For example, in Fundamental mode,
@c @code{paragraph-start} is @code{"[ @t{\}t@t{\}n@t{\}f]"} and
@c @code{paragraph-separate} is @code{"[ @t{\}t@t{\}f]*$"}.@refill
$B@53N$JCJMn$N6-3&$O!"JQ?t(B@code{paragraph-separate}$B$H(B
@code{paragraph-start}$B$GDj5A$5$l$^$9!#(B
@code{paragraph-start}$B$NCM$O!"(B
$BCJMn$r;O$a$?$j6h@Z$C$?$j$9$k9T$K0lCW$9$k@55,I=8=$G$9!#(B
@code{paragraph-separate}$B$NCM$bJL$N@55,I=8=$G$9$,!"(B
$B$I$NCJMn$K$bB0$5$J$$CJMn$rJ,3d$9$k9T!J$?$H$($P6u9T!K$@$1$K0lCW$9$k$b$N$G$9!#(B
$B?7$?$JCJMn$r;O$a$F$=$NCJMn$KB0$99T$O!"(B@code{paragraph-start}$B$@$1$K0lCW$7$F!"(B
@code{paragraph-separate}$B$K0lCW$7$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"4pK\!J(Bfundamental$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
@code{paragraph-start}$B$O(B@code{"[ @t{\}t@t{\}n@t{\}f]"}$B$G$"$j!"(B
@code{paragraph-separate}$B$O(B@code{"[ @t{\}t@t{\}f]*$"}$B$G$9!#(B

@c   Normally it is desirable for page boundaries to separate paragraphs.
@c The default values of these variables recognize the usual separator for
@c pages.
$BDL>o!"%Z!<%86-3&$G$bCJMn$,6h@Z$i$l$k$N$,K>$^$7$$$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$NJQ?t$N%G%U%)%k%HCM$O!"%Z!<%8$N0lHLE*$J6h@Z$jJ8;z$bG'<1$7$^$9!#(B

@node Pages
@c @section Pages
@section $B%Z!<%8(B

@c @cindex pages
@cindex $B%Z!<%8(B
@c @cindex formfeed
@cindex $B%Z!<%8Aw$j(B
@c   Files are often thought of as divided into @dfn{pages} by the
@c @dfn{formfeed} character (ASCII control-L, octal code 014).  When you
@c print hardcopy for a file, this character forces a page break; thus,
@c each page of the file goes on a separate page on paper.  Most Emacs
@c commands treat the page-separator character just like any other
@c character: you can insert it with @kbd{C-q C-l}, and delete it with
@c @key{DEL}.  Thus, you are free to paginate your file or not.  However,
@c since pages are often meaningful divisions of the file, Emacs provides
@c commands to move over them and operate on them.
$B%U%!%$%k$r(B@dfn{$B%Z!<%8Aw$j(B}$BJ8;z!J(BASCII$B%3!<%I$N%3%s%H%m!<%k(BL$B!"(B8$B?J%3!<%I$N(B014$B!K(B
$B$G6h@Z$C$?(B@dfn{$B%Z!<%8(B}$B$N=8$^$j$H$7$FB*$($k$3$H$,$h$/$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$r0u:~$9$k$H!"$3$NJ8;z$O2~%Z!<%8$r9T$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$?$a!"%U%!%$%kFb$N3F%Z!<%8$OJL!9$NMQ;f$K0u:~$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$[$H$s$I$N(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$O!"%Z!<%8$r6h@Z$kJ8;z$rB>$NJ8;z$HF1MM$K07$$$^$9$+$i!"(B
@kbd{C-q C-l}$B$G%Z!<%8Aw$jJ8;z$rA^F~$7$?$j!"(B@key{DEL}$B$G:o=|$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"%U%!%$%k$r%Z!<%8$K6h@Z$k$N$b6h@Z$i$J$$$N$b<+M3$G$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"%Z!<%8$O%U%!%$%k$rJ,3d$9$k0UL#$"$kC10L$J$N$G!"(B
Emacs$B$K$O!"%Z!<%84V$N0\F0$d%Z!<%8$rBP>]$H$9$k%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@c WideCommands
@table @kbd
@item C-x [
@c Move point to previous page boundary (@code{backward-page}).
$B$^$($N%Z!<%86-3&$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{backward-page}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x ]
@c Move point to next page boundary (@code{forward-page}).
$B$D$.$N%Z!<%86-3&$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{forward-page}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x C-p
@c Put point and mark around this page (or another page) (@code{mark-page}).
$B$3$N%Z!<%8!J$+JL$N%Z!<%8!K$N<~$j$K!"%]%$%s%H$H%^!<%/$rCV$/(B
$B!J(B@code{mark-page}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x l
@c Count the lines in this page (@code{count-lines-page}).
$B$3$N%Z!<%8$N9T?t$r?t$($k!J(B@code{count-lines-page}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@kindex C-x [
@kindex C-x ]
@findex forward-page
@findex backward-page
@c   The @kbd{C-x [} (@code{backward-page}) command moves point to immediately
@c after the previous page delimiter.  If point is already right after a page
@c delimiter, it skips that one and stops at the previous one.  A numeric
@c argument serves as a repeat count.  The @kbd{C-x ]} (@code{forward-page})
@c command moves forward past the next page delimiter.
@kbd{C-x [}$B!J(B@code{backward-page}$B!K%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$B$^$($N%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$ND>8e$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,$9$G$K%Z!<%86h@Z$j$ND>8e$K$"$l$P!"(B
$B$5$i$K$^$($N%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$ND>8e$K0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B?t0z?t$OH?I|2s?t$H$7$F07$o$l$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-x ]}$B!J(B@code{forward-page}$B!K%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$B$D$.$N%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$ND>8e$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B

@kindex C-x C-p
@findex mark-page
@c   The @kbd{C-x C-p} command (@code{mark-page}) puts point at the
@c beginning of the current page and the mark at the end.  The page
@c delimiter at the end is included (the mark follows it).  The page
@c delimiter at the front is excluded (point follows it).  @kbd{C-x C-p
@c C-w} is a handy way to kill a page to move it elsewhere.  If you move to
@c another page delimiter with @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]}, then yank the
@c killed page, all the pages will be properly delimited once again.  The
@c reason @kbd{C-x C-p} includes only the following page delimiter in the
@c region is to ensure that.
@kbd{C-x C-p}$B%3%^%s%I!J(B@code{mark-page}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%Z!<%8$N@hF,$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$-!"KvHx$K%^!<%/$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$BKvHx$K$"$k%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$O4^$^$l$^$9(B
$B!J%^!<%/$O%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$ND>8e$K$"$k!K!#(B
$B@hF,$K$"$k%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$O=|30$5$l$^$9(B
$B!J%]%$%s%H$O%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$ND>8e$K$"$k!K!#(B
@kbd{C-x C-p C-w}$B$O!"%Z!<%8A4BN$r%-%k$7$FJL$N>l=j$K(B
$B0\F0$9$k$N$KJXMx$JJ}K!$G$9!#(B
@kbd{C-x [}$B$d(B@kbd{C-x ]}$B$GJL$N%Z!<%86h@Z$j0LCV$K0\F0$7$F$+$i(B
$B%-%k$7$?%Z!<%8$r%d%s%/$9$l$P!"(B
$B$9$Y$F$N%Z!<%8$,E,@Z$K6h@Z$i$l$?>uBV$,0];}$5$l$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-x C-p}$B$,KvHx$N%Z!<%86h@Z$jJ8;z$@$1$r4^$a$kM}M3$O!"(B
$B$3$l$rJ]>Z$9$k$?$a$G$9!#(B

@c   A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x C-p} is used to specify which page to go
@c to, relative to the current one.  Zero means the current page.  One means
@c the next page, and @minus{}1 means the previous one.
@kbd{C-x C-p}$B$X$N?t0z?t$O!"8=:_$N%Z!<%8$r4p=`$K$7$F(B
$B%]%$%s%H$N0\F0@h$N%Z!<%8$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B
0$B$O8=:_$N%Z!<%8$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
1$B$O$D$.$N%Z!<%8!"(B@minus{}1$B$O$^$($N%Z!<%8$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B

@kindex C-x l
@findex count-lines-page
@c   The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding
@c where to break a page in two.  It prints in the echo area the total number
@c of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding
@c the current line and those following, as in
@kbd{C-x l}$B%3%^%s%I!J(B@code{count-lines-page}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%Z!<%8$r$I$3$G(B2$B$D$KJ,3d$9$k$+$r7h$a$k$N$KJXMx$G$9!#(B
$B8=:_$N%Z!<%8$K$D$$$F!"Am9T?t!"8=:_9T$N$^$($K$"$k9T?t$H$&$7$m$K$"$k9T?t$r(B
$B$D$.$N$h$&$K%(%3!<NN0h$KI=<($7$^$9!#(B

@example
@c Page has 96 (72+25) lines
@c = $B%?%$%](B
Page has 96 lines (72+25)
@end example

@noindent
@c   Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at the
@c beginning of a line.
$B$3$NNc$G!"Am9T?t$,(B1$B$@$1>/$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,9TF,$K$J$$$H$D$M$K$3$&$J$j$^$9!#(B

@vindex page-delimiter
@c   The variable @code{page-delimiter} controls where pages begin.  Its
@c value is a regexp that matches the beginning of a line that separates
@c pages.  The normal value of this variable is @code{"^@t{\}f"}, which
@c matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line.
$BJQ?t(B@code{page-delimiter}$B$O%Z!<%8$N;O$^$j$r@)8f$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NJQ?t$NCM$O!"%Z!<%8$r6h@Z$k9T$N@hF,$K0lCW$9$k@55,I=8=$G$9!#(B
$B$3$NJQ?t$NDL>o$NCM$O(B@code{"^@t{\}f"}$B$G!"(B
$B9TF,$N%Z!<%8Aw$jJ8;z$K0lCW$7$^$9!#(B

@node Filling
@c @section Filling Text
@section $B%F%-%9%H$N5M$a9~$_(B
@c @cindex filling text
@cindex $B%F%-%9%H$N5M$a9~$_(B

@c   @dfn{Filling} text means breaking it up into lines that fit a
@c specified width.  Emacs does filling in two ways.  In Auto Fill mode,
@c inserting text with self-inserting characters also automatically fills
@c it.  There are also explicit fill commands that you can use when editing
@c text leaves it unfilled.  When you edit formatted text, you can specify
@c a style of filling for each portion of the text (@pxref{Formatted
@c Text}).
$B%F%-%9%H$N(B@dfn{$B5M$a9~$_(B}$B!J(Bfilling$B!K$H$O!"(B
$B;XDj$7$?I}$KG<$^$k$h$&$K%F%-%9%H$r9T$KJ,3d$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
Emacs$B$K$O!"5M$a9~$`J}K!$,(B2$B$D$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$B<+8JA^F~J8;z$G%F%-%9%H$rA^F~$9$k$HF1;~$K5M$a9~$_$r9T$$$^$9!#(B
$B$"$k$$$O!"5M$a9~$^$:$K%F%-%9%H$rJT=8$7$F$$$k$H$-$K$O!"(B
$BM[$K5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$rJT=8$7$F$$$k$H$-$O!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H$N3FItJ,$4$H$K5M$a9~$_$N%9%?%$%k$r;XDj$G$-$^$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Formatted Text}$B!K!#(B

@menu
* Auto Fill::	        Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
* Fill Commands::       Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
* Fill Prefix::	        Filling paragraphs that are indented
                          or in a comment, etc.
* Adaptive Fill::       How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
@end menu

@node Auto Fill
@c @subsection Auto Fill Mode
@subsection $B<+F05M$a9~$_%b!<%I!J(Bauto-fill$B%b!<%I!K(B
@c @cindex Auto Fill mode
@c @cindex mode, Auto Fill
@c @cindex word wrap
@cindex $B<+F05M$a9~$_%b!<%I!J(BAuto Fill mode$B!K(B
@cindex auto-fill$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BAuto Fill
@cindex $BC18l$N@^$jJV$7(B

@c   @dfn{Auto Fill} mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken
@c automatically when they become too wide.  Breaking happens only when
@c you type a @key{SPC} or @key{RET}.
@dfn{$B<+F05M$a9~$_(B}$B!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$O%^%$%J%b!<%I$G!"(B
$B9T$,D9$/$J$j$9$.$k$H<+F0E*$KJ,3d$7$^$9!#(B
@key{SPC}$B$d(B@key{RET}$B$rBG80$7$?$H$-$@$1!"9T$rJ,3d$7$^$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item M-x auto-fill-mode
@c Enable or disable Auto Fill mode.
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$7$?$j%*%U$K$9$k!#(B
@item @key{SPC}
@itemx @key{RET}
@c In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate.
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$BE,@Z$J>l9g$K$O9T$rJ,3d$9$k!#(B
@end table

@findex auto-fill-mode
@c   @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off
@c if it was on.  With a positive numeric argument it always turns Auto
@c Fill mode on, and with a negative argument always turns it off.  You can
@c see when Auto Fill mode is in effect by the presence of the word
@c @samp{Fill} in the mode line, inside the parentheses.  Auto Fill mode is
@c a minor mode which is enabled or disabled for each buffer individually.
@c @xref{Minor Modes}.
@kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}$B$O!"(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%U$J$i$P%*%s$K$7!"(B
$B%*%s$J$i$P%*%U$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B@5$N?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$r$D$M$K%*%s$K$7$^$9$,!"(B
$BIi$N0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H$D$M$K%*%U$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B%b!<%I9T$N3g8L$NCf$K(B@samp{Fill}$B$HI=<($5$l$F$$$l$P!"(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$O%*%s$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$O!"(B
$B3F%P%C%U%!$4$H$K%*%s!?%*%U$G$-$k%^%$%J%b!<%I$G$9!#(B
@xref{Minor Modes}$B!#(B

@c   In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when they
@c get longer than the desired width.  Line breaking and rearrangement
@c takes place only when you type @key{SPC} or @key{RET}.  If you wish to
@c insert a space or newline without permitting line-breaking, type
@c @kbd{C-q @key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-q C-j} (recall that a newline is really a
@c control-J).  Also, @kbd{C-o} inserts a newline without line breaking.
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$B9T$,7h$a$i$l$?I}$h$jD9$/$J$k$H!"<+F0E*$K6uGr$N0LCV$G9T$rJ,3d$7$^$9!#(B
$B9T$NJ,3d$H:FG[CV$O!"(B@key{SPC}$B$+(B@key{RET}$B$rBG80$7$?$H$-$@$19T$o$l$^$9!#(B
$B9T$rJ,3d$;$:$K6uGr$d2~9T$rA^F~$9$k$K$O!"(B
@kbd{C-q @key{SPC}}$B$d(B@kbd{C-q C-j}$B$HBG80$7$^$9(B
$B!J2~9T$O$^$5$K%3%s%H%m!<%k(BJ$B$G$"$k$3$H$r;W$$=P$7$F$[$7$$!K!#(B
@kbd{C-o}$B$b9T$rJ,3d$;$:$K2~9T$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Auto Fill mode works well with programming-language modes, because it
@c indents new lines with @key{TAB}.  If a line ending in a comment gets
@c too long, the text of the comment is split into two comment lines.
@c Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the end of the first
@c line and the beginning of the second so that each line is a separate
@c comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice
@c (@pxref{Comments}).
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$O!"(B@key{TAB}$B$G?7$?$J9T$r;z2<$2$9$k$N$G!"(B
$B%W%m%0%i%`8@8lMQ$N%b!<%I$HAH$_9g$o$;$F$b$&$^$/F0:n$7$^$9!#(B
$B%3%a%s%H$G=*$o$k9T$,D9$/$J$j$9$.$?>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B%3%a%s%HFb$N%F%-%9%H$r(B2$B$D$N%3%a%s%H9T$KJ,3d$7$^$9!#(B
$B;O$a$N9T$NKvHx$H$D$.$N9T$N9TF,$K?7$?$K%3%a%s%H$N6h@Z$jJ8;zNs$rA^F~$7$F!"(B
2$B$D$NFHN)$7$?%3%a%s%H9T$K$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NIU2C5!G=$O!"JQ?t(B@code{comment-multi-line}$B$G@)8f$7$^$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Comments}$B!K!#(B

@c   Adaptive filling (see the following section) works for Auto Filling as
@c well as for explicit fill commands.  It takes a fill prefix
@c automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph.
$BE,1~7?5M$a9~$_!J8e=R!K$O!"L@<($7$?5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$N$_$J$i$:!"(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_$KBP$7$F$bM-8z$KF/$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"CJMn$N@hF,9T$"$k$$$OBh(B2$B9TL\$+$i!"(B
$B<+F0E*$K5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r@Z$j=P$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs; it can break lines but
@c cannot merge lines.  So editing in the middle of a paragraph can result in
@c a paragraph that is not correctly filled.  The easiest way to make the
@c paragraph properly filled again is usually with the explicit fill commands.
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$O!"CJMnA4BN$r5M$aD>$9$3$H$O$7$^$;$s!#(B
$B9T$rJ,3d$G$-$F$b!"J;9g$O$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
$B$=$N$?$a!"CJMn$NESCf$rJT=8$9$k$H!"I,$:$7$bCJMn$r@5$7$/5M$a9~$a$^$;$s!#(B
$BCJMn$r$U$?$?$SE,@Z$K5M$a9~$^$l$?>uBV$K$9$k$b$C$H$b4JC1$JJ}K!$O!"(B
$BL@<(E*$K5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
@ifinfo
@c @xref{Fill Commands}.
@xref{Fill Commands}$B!#(B
@end ifinfo

@c   Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files.
@c The section on init files says how to arrange this permanently for yourself.
@c @xref{Init File}.
$BB?$/$N%f!<%6!<$O<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$r9%$_!"(B
$B$"$i$f$k%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$NJT=8$K;HMQ$7$h$&$H$7$^$9!#(B
$B=i4|2=%U%!%$%k$N@a$G$O!"$3$&$9$kJ}K!$r@bL@$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Init File}$B!#(B

@node Fill Commands
@c @subsection Explicit Fill Commands
@subsection $BL@<(E*$J5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I(B

@table @kbd
@item M-q
@c Fill current paragraph (@code{fill-paragraph}).
$B8=:_$NCJMn$r5M$a9~$`!J(B@code{fill-paragraph}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x f
@c Set the fill column (@code{set-fill-column}).
$B5M$a9~$_7e$r@_Dj$9$k!J(B@code{set-fill-column}$B!K!#(B
@item M-x fill-region
@c Fill each paragraph in the region (@code{fill-region}).
$B%j!<%8%g%sFb$N3FCJMn$r5M$a9~$`!J(B@code{fill-region}$B!K!#(B
@item M-x fill-region-as-paragraph
@c Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph.
$B%j!<%8%g%sA4BN$r(B1$B$D$NCJMn$H$_$J$7$F5M$a9~$`!#(B
@item M-s
@c Center a line.
$B9T$rCf1{$KB7$($k!#(B
@end table

@kindex M-q
@findex fill-paragraph
@c   To refill a paragraph, use the command @kbd{M-q}
@c (@code{fill-paragraph}).  This operates on the paragraph that point is
@c inside, or the one after point if point is between paragraphs.
@c Refilling works by removing all the line-breaks, then inserting new ones
@c where necessary.
$BCJMn$r5M$aD>$9$K$O!"%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-q}$B!J(B@code{fill-paragraph}$B!K$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$r4^$`CJMn!"$"$k$$$O!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,CJMn$N$"$$$@$K$"$k>l9g$K$OD>8e$NCJMn$rA`:n$7$^$9!#(B
$B2~9T$r$9$Y$F<h$j=|$$$F$+$i!"I,MW$J2U=j$K?7$?$K2~9T$rA^F~$9$k$3$H$G(B
$BCJMn$r5M$aD>$7$^$9!#(B

@findex fill-region
@c   To refill many paragraphs, use @kbd{M-x fill-region}, which
@c divides the region into paragraphs and fills each of them.
$B$$$/$D$b$NCJMn$r5M$aD>$9$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-x fill-region}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%j!<%8%g%s$rCJMn$KJ,$1$F$+$i!"3FCJMn$r5M$a9~$_$^$9!#(B

@findex fill-region-as-paragraph
@c   @kbd{M-q} and @code{fill-region} use the same criteria as @kbd{M-h}
@c for finding paragraph boundaries (@pxref{Paragraphs}).  For more
@c control, you can use @kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}, which refills
@c everything between point and mark.  This command deletes any blank lines
@c within the region, so separate blocks of text end up combined into one
@c block.@refill
@kbd{M-q}$B$H(B@code{fill-region}$B$O!"(B@kbd{M-h}$B$HF1$84p=`$GCJMn$N6-3&$r(B
$BC5$7$^$9!J(B@pxref{Paragraphs}$B!K!#(B
$BCJMn$NBg$-$5$r@)8f$9$k$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%]%$%s%H$H%^!<%/$N$"$$$@$K$"$k$b$N$9$Y$F$r5M$aD>$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O%j!<%8%g%sFb$N6u9T$r$9$Y$F:o=|$7$F!"(B
$BJ,$+$l$F$$$?%F%-%9%H$N2t$r(B1$B$D$N2t$K$^$H$a>e$2$^$9!#(B

@c @cindex justification
@cindex $BI}B7$((B
@c   A numeric argument to @kbd{M-q} causes it to @dfn{justify} the text as
@c well as filling it.  This means that extra spaces are inserted to make
@c the right margin line up exactly at the fill column.  To remove the
@c extra spaces, use @kbd{M-q} with no argument.  (Likewise for
@c @code{fill-region}.)  Another way to control justification, and choose
@c other styles of filling, is with the @code{justification} text property;
@c see @ref{Format Justification}.
@kbd{M-q}$B$K?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"%F%-%9%H$N5M$a9~$_$@$1$G$J$/!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H$N(B@dfn{$BI}B7$((B}$B!J(Bjustify$B!K$b9T$$$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"M>J,$K6uGr$rA^F~$7$F!"9T$N1&C<$,5M$a9~$_7e$K0lCW$9$k$h$&$K$7$^$9!#(B
$BM>J,$J6uGr$r<h$j=|$/$K$O!"0z?t$r;XDj$7$J$$$G(B@kbd{M-q}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B!J(B@code{fill-region}$B$bF1MM!#!K(B
$BI}B7$($r@)8f$7$FJL$N5M$a9~$_%9%?%$%k$rA*Br$9$kJL$NJ}K!$O!"(B
$B%F%-%9%HB0@-(B@code{justification}$B$r;H$&$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$K4X$7$F$O!"(B@ref{Format Justification}$B$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

@c @kindex M-s @r{(Text mode)}
@kindex M-s @r{$B!J%F%-%9%H%b!<%I!K(B}
@c @cindex centering
@cindex $BCf1{B7$((B
@findex center-line
@c   The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line
@c within the current fill column.  With an argument @var{n}, it centers
@c @var{n} lines individually and moves past them.
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-s}$B!J(B@code{center-line}$B!K$O!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_7e$^$G$NHO0OFb$G8=:_9T$rCf1{$KB7$($^$9!#(B
$B0z?t(B@var{n}$B$r;XDj$9$k$H!"(B
$B8=:_9T$r4^$a(B@var{n}$B9T$r$=$l$>$lFHN)$KCf1{$KB7$($F$+$i!"(B
$BB7$($?9T$N$D$.$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B

@vindex fill-column
@kindex C-x f
@findex set-fill-column
@c   The maximum line width for filling is in the variable
@c @code{fill-column}.  Altering the value of @code{fill-column} makes it
@c local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value is in
@c effect.  The default is initially 70.  @xref{Locals}.  The easiest way
@c to set @code{fill-column} is to use the command @kbd{C-x f}
@c (@code{set-fill-column}).  With a numeric argument, it uses that as the
@c new fill column.  With just @kbd{C-u} as argument, it sets
@c @code{fill-column} to the current horizontal position of point.
$B5M$a9~$`$H$-$N9T$N:GBgI}$O!"JQ?t(B@code{fill-column}$B$KF~$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
@code{fill-column}$B$NCM$rJQ99$9$k$H!"(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$K%m!<%+%k$JJQ?t$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$^$G$O%G%U%)%k%HCM$,M-8z$G$9!#(B
$B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O;O$a$O(B70$B$G$9!#(B
@xref{Locals}$B!#(B
@code{fill-column}$B$r@_Dj$9$k$b$C$H$b4JC1$JJ}K!$O!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-x f}$B!J(B@code{set-fill-column}$B!K$r;H$&$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$K?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"(B
$B$=$NCM$r?7$?$J5M$a9~$_7e$H$7$F;H$$$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-u}$B$@$1$r0z?t$K;XDj$9$k$H!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$N8=:_$N?eJ?0LCV$r(B@code{fill-column}$B$K@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Emacs commands normally consider a period followed by two spaces or by
@c a newline as the end of a sentence; a period followed by just one space
@c indicates an abbreviation and not the end of a sentence.  To preserve
@c the distinction between these two ways of using a period, the fill
@c commands do not break a line after a period followed by just one space.
Emacs$B%3%^%s%I$ODL>o!"(B
$B%T%j%*%I$ND>8e$K6uGr$,(B2$B8D$"$k$+2~9T$,$"$l$PJ8Kv$H$7$F07$$$^$9!#(B
$B%T%j%*%I$ND>8e$K6uGr$,(B1$B8D$@$1$G$O!"J8Kv$G$O$J$/>JN,$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
$B%T%j%*%I$N$3$l$i(B2$B$D$NMQK!$N0c$$$rJ]B8$9$k$?$a$K!"(B
$B%T%j%*%I$ND>8e$K6uGr$,(B1$B8D$@$1$N2U=j$G$O5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O9T$rJ,3d$7$^$;$s!#(B

@vindex sentence-end-double-space
@c   If the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} is @code{nil}, the
@c fill commands expect and leave just one space at the end of a sentence.
@c Ordinarily this variable is @code{t}, so the fill commands insist on
@c two spaces for the end of a sentence, as explained above.  @xref{Sentences}.
$BJQ?t(B@code{sentence-end-double-space}$B$,(B@code{nil}$B$J$i$P!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O!"J8Kv$K$O6uGr$,(B1$B8D$@$1$"$k$H2>Dj$7!"$+$D!"(B
$BJ8Kv$K$O6uGr$r(B1$B8D$@$1;D$7$^$9!#(B
$BIaDL!"$3$NJQ?t$NCM$O(B@code{t}$B$J$N$G!"(B
$B>e=R$N$h$&$K6uGr$,(B2$B8D$"$k>l9g$@$1$rJ8Kv$H$7$F07$$$^$9!#(B
@xref{Sentences}$B!#(B

@vindex colon-double-space
@c   If the variable @code{colon-double-space} is non-@code{nil}, the
@c fill commands put two spaces after a colon.
@code{colon-double-space}$B$,(B@code{nil}$B0J30$J$i$P!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O%3%m%s$N$&$7$m$K6uGr$r(B2$B8DCV$-$^$9!#(B

@node Fill Prefix
@c @subsection The Fill Prefix
@subsection $B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-(B

@c @cindex fill prefix
@cindex $B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-(B
@c   To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker
@c (which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), you can use
@c the @dfn{fill prefix} feature.  The fill prefix is a string that Emacs
@c expects every line to start with, and which is not included in filling.
@c You can specify a fill prefix explicitly; Emacs can also deduce the
@c fill prefix automatically (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}).
$B3F9T$,!JCJMn$r;z2<$2$9$k?t8D$N6uGr$J$I$N!KFCJL$N0u$G;O$^$C$F$$$k(B
$BCJMn$r5M$a9~$`$K$O!"(B@dfn{$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-(B}$B!J(Bfill prefix$B!K$N5!G=$r;H$($^$9!#(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$OJ8;zNs$G$"$j!"(B
Emacs$B$O$9$Y$F$N9T$,$=$NJ8;zNs$G;O$^$k$H2>Dj$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-<+BN$O5M$a9~$_$NBP>]$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$BL@<(E*$K5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r;XDj$G$-$^$9$,!"(B
Emacs$B$,5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r<+F0E*$K?dB,$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Adaptive Fill}$B!K!#(B

@table @kbd
@item C-x .
@c Set the fill prefix (@code{set-fill-prefix}).
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r@_Dj$9$k!J(B@code{set-fill-prefix}$B!K!#(B
@item M-q
@c Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (@code{fill-paragraph}).
$B8=:_$N5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r;H$C$F!"CJMn$r5M$a9~$`!J(B@code{fill-paragraph}$B!K!#(B
@item M-x fill-individual-paragraphs
@c Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as starting a
@c new paragraph.
$B;z2<$2I}$NJQ2=$r?7$?$JCJMn$N;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$F!"%j!<%8%g%sFb$r5M$a9~$`!#(B
@item M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs
@c Fill the region, considering only paragraph-separator lines as starting
@c a new paragraph.
$BCJMn$rJ,3d$9$k9T$@$1$r?7$?$JCJMn$N;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$F!"%j!<%8%g%sFb$r5M$a9~$`!#(B
@end table

@kindex C-x .
@findex set-fill-prefix
@c   To specify a fill prefix, move to a line that starts with the desired
@c prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, and give the command
@c @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: (@code{set-fill-prefix}).  That's a period after the
@c @kbd{C-x}.  To turn off the fill prefix, specify an empty prefix: type
@c @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: with point at the beginning of a line.@refill
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r;XDj$9$k$K$O!"(B
$BL\E*$N@\F,<-$G;O$^$C$F$$$k9T$K0\F0$7$F@\F,<-$ND>8e$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$$$F$+$i!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B@w{@kbd{C-x .}}@:$B!J(B@code{set-fill-prefix}$B!K$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-x}$B$N$"$H$O%T%j%*%I$G$9!#(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$N;HMQ$r$d$a$k$K$O!"6u$N@\F,<-$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"9TF,$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$$$F$+$i(B@w{@kbd{C-x .}}@:$B$HBG$A$^$9!#(B

@c   When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill
@c prefix from each line before filling and insert it on each line after
@c filling.  Auto Fill mode also inserts the fill prefix automatically when
@c it makes a new line.  The @kbd{C-o} command inserts the fill prefix on
@c new lines it creates, when you use it at the beginning of a line
@c (@pxref{Blank Lines}).  Conversely, the command @kbd{M-^} deletes the
@c prefix (if it occurs) after the newline that it deletes
@c (@pxref{Indentation}).
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O=hM}$K@h$@$C$F3F9T$+$i5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r<h$j=|$-!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_$r9T$C$?$"$H$K3F9T$KA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$G$b!"(B
$B?7$?$K9T$r:n@.$9$k$H$-$K<+F0E*$K5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B9TF,$G(B@kbd{C-o}$B%3%^%s%I!J(B@pxref{Blank Lines}$B!K$r;HMQ$9$k$H!"(B
$B?7$?$K:n@.$9$k9T$K$b5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B5U$K!"%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-^}$B$O!"(B
$B:o=|$9$k2~9T$ND>8e$K5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,$"$k$H@\F,<-$b:o=|$7$^$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Indentation}$B!K!#(B

@c   For example, if @code{fill-column} is 40 and you set the fill prefix
@c to @samp{;; }, then @kbd{M-q} in the following text
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@code{fill-column}$B$,(B40$B$G5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,(B@samp{;; }$B$N$H$-$K!"(B
$B$D$.$N%F%-%9%H$G(B@kbd{M-q}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B

@example
;; This is an
;; example of a paragraph
;; inside a Lisp-style comment.
@end example

@noindent
@c produces this:
$B7k2L$O$D$.$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

@example
;; This is an example of a paragraph
;; inside a Lisp-style comment.
@end example

@c   Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are considered to start
@c paragraphs, both in @kbd{M-q} and the paragraph commands; this gives
@c good results for paragraphs with hanging indentation (every line
@c indented except the first one).  Lines which are blank or indented once
@c the prefix is removed also separate or start paragraphs; this is what
@c you want if you are writing multi-paragraph comments with a comment
@c delimiter on each line.
@kbd{M-q}$B$*$h$SCJMn%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$G;O$^$i$J$$9T$rCJMn$N;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$K$h$j!"$V$i2<$,$j;z2<$2!J@hF,9T$r=|$$$F$9$Y$F$N9T$,;z2<$2!K(B
$B$5$l$?CJMn$b@5$7$/5M$a9~$_$^$9!#(B
$B6u9T$d@\F,<-$r<h$j$5$k$H;z2<$2$7$?9T$K$J$k9T$b!"(B
$BCJMn$N6h@Z$j$d;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$K$h$C$F!"3F9T$K%3%a%s%H6h@Z$j$,$"$kJ#?tCJMn$N%3%a%s%H$r(B
$B=q$$$F$$$k$H$-$K$b!"K>$_$I$*$j$N7k2L$rF@$i$l$^$9!#(B

@findex fill-individual-paragraphs
@c   You can use @kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs} to set the fill
@c prefix for each paragraph automatically.  This command divides the
@c region into paragraphs, treating every change in the amount of
@c indentation as the start of a new paragraph, and fills each of these
@c paragraphs.  Thus, all the lines in one ``paragraph'' have the same
@c amount of indentation.  That indentation serves as the fill prefix for
@c that paragraph.
$B3FCJMn$KBP$7$F<+F0E*$K5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r@_Dj$9$k$K$O!"(B
@kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!";z2<$2I}$NJQ2=$r?7$?$JCJMn$N;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$F!"(B
$B%j!<%8%g%s$rCJMn$KJ,3d$7$?$"$H!"3FCJMn$r5M$a9~$_$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"(B1$B$D$N!XCJMn!YFb$N9T$O$I$l$bF1$8;z2<$2I}$G$9!#(B
$B;z2<$2I}$,!"CJMn$KBP$9$k5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$H$7$FF/$-$^$9!#(B

@findex fill-nonuniform-paragraphs
@c   @kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs} is a similar command that divides
@c the region into paragraphs in a different way.  It considers only
@c paragraph-separating lines (as defined by @code{paragraph-separate}) as
@c starting a new paragraph.  Since this means that the lines of one
@c paragraph may have different amounts of indentation, the fill prefix
@c used is the smallest amount of indentation of any of the lines of the
@c paragraph.  This gives good results with styles that indent a paragraph's
@c first line more or less that the rest of the paragraph.
@kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs}$B$bF1MM$J%3%^%s%I$G$9$,!"(B
$B%j!<%8%g%s$rCJMn$KJ,3d$9$kJ}K!$,0[$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!"!JJQ?t(B@code{paragraph-separate}$B$GDj5A$5$l$k!K(B
$BCJMn6h@Z$j9T$@$1$r?7$?$JCJMn$N;O$^$j$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"3FCJMn$N9T$O$5$^$6$^$K;z2<$2$5$l$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$J$$$N$G!"(B
$B$=$NCf$N:G>/$N;z2<$2$r5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$H$7$F;HMQ$9$k$o$1$G$9!#(B
$BCJMn$N:G=i$N9T$N;z2<$2$,;D$j$N9T$KHf$Y$FB?$/$F$b>/$J$/$F$b!"(B
$B@5$7$$5M$a9~$_7k2L$rF@$i$l$^$9!#(B

@vindex fill-prefix
@c   The fill prefix is stored in the variable @code{fill-prefix}.  Its value
@c is a string, or @code{nil} when there is no fill prefix.  This is a
@c per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current buffer,
@c but there is a default value which you can change as well.  @xref{Locals}.
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$OJQ?t(B@code{fill-prefix}$B$K3JG<$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NCM$OJ8;zNs$G$"$k$+!"5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P(B@code{nil}$B$G$9!#(B
$B$3$NJQ?t$rJQ99$7$F$b%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$@$1$K1F6A$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B%G%U%)%k%HCM$rJQ99$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
@xref{Locals}$B!#(B

@c   The @code{indentation} text property provides another way to control
@c the amount of indentation paragraphs receive.  @xref{Format Indentation}.
$B%F%-%9%HB0@-(B@code{indentation}$B$O!"(B
$BCJMn$KM?$($k;z2<$2I}$rD4@0$9$kJL$NJ}K!$G$9!#(B
@xref{Format Indentation}$B!#(B

@node Adaptive Fill
@c @subsection Adaptive Filling
@subsection $BE,1~7?5M$a9~$_(B

@c @cindex adaptive filling
@cindex $BE,1~7?5M$a9~$_(B
@c   The fill commands can deduce the proper fill prefix for a paragraph
@c automatically in certain cases: either whitespace or certain punctuation
@c characters at the beginning of a line are propagated to all lines of the
@c paragraph.
$B5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I<+?H$,!"(B
$BCJMn$KBP$9$kE,@Z$J5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r?dB,$G$-$k>u67$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$BCJMn$N$9$Y$F$N9T$N@hF,$KGrJ8;z$d$"$k<o$N6gFIE@J8;z$,;H$o$l$F$$$k>l9g$G$9!#(B

@c   If the paragraph has two or more lines, the fill prefix is taken from
@c the paragraph's second line, but only if it appears on the first line as
@c well.
$BCJMn$,(B2$B9T0J>e$+$i@.$k>l9g!"(B
$BCJMn$N(B2$B9TL\$+$i5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r@Z$j=P$7$^$9$,!"(B
1$B9TL\$K$b$=$l$,8=$l$k$H$-$K8B$j$^$9!#(B

@c   If a paragraph has just one line, fill commands @emph{may} take a
@c prefix from that line.  The decision is complicated because there are
@c three reasonable things to do in such a case:
$BCJMn$,(B1$B9T$@$1$N>l9g$K$O!"$=$N9T$+$i5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r@Z$j=P$9(B
@emph{$B$+$b$7$l$^$;$s(B}
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![CJMn$K(B1$B9T$7$+$J$1$l$P!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r@Z$j=P$9I,MW$O$J$$$H;W$&$+$b$7$l$J$$$,!"(B
$B$?$H$($P!"$=$N9T$,5M$a9~$_7e$h$jD9$+$C$?$j!"(B
$B?7$?$JF~NO$K$h$C$FJ#?t9T$NCJMn$K$J$C$?$H$-$N$3$H$r9M$($F$_$F$[$7$$!#(B}$B!#(B
$B$3$&$$$C$?>u67$G$O!"$D$.$N$h$&$J(B3$B$D$N9gM}E*$J5sF0$,9M$($i$l$k$N$G!"(B
$B@\F,<-$N7hDj$OJ#;($G$9!#(B

@itemize @bullet
@item
@c Use the first line's prefix on all the lines of the paragraph.
$B:G=i$N9T$N@\F,<-$rCJMn$N$9$Y$F$N9T$KMQ$$$k!#(B

@item
@c Indent subsequent lines with whitespace, so that they line up under the
@c text that follows the prefix on the first line, but don't actually copy
@c the prefix from the first line.
1$B9TL\$N@\F,<-$KB3$/%F%-%9%H$ND>2<$KJB$V$h$&$K(B
$B8eB3$N9T$rGrJ8;z$G;z2<$2$9$k$,!"(B
1$B9TL\$+$i@\F,<-$r%3%T!<$7$J$$!#(B

@item
@c Don't do anything special with the second and following lines.
2$B9TL\0J9_$K$O2?$bFCJL$J$3$H$O9T$o$J$$!#(B
@end itemize

@c   All three of these styles of formatting are commonly used.  So the
@c fill commands try to determine what you would like, based on the prefix
@c that appears and on the major mode.  Here is how.
$B$3$l$i(B3$B$D$N@07A%9%?%$%k$O!"$$$:$l$b0lHLE*$K;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$=$3$G!"5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O!"8=$l$?@\F,<-$H$=$N$H$-$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$K4p$E$$$F!"(B
$B%f!<%6!<$,K>$`%9%?%$%k$r7hDj$7$h$&$H$7$^$9!#(B
$BH=CG4p=`$O$D$.$N$H$*$j$G$9!#(B

@vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp
@c   If the prefix found on the first line matches
@c @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}, or if it appears to be a
@c comment-starting sequence (this depends on the major mode), then the
@c prefix found is used for filling the paragraph, provided it would not
@c act as a paragraph starter on subsequent lines.
1$B9TL\$G$_$D$1$?@\F,<-$,(B@code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}$B$K0lCW$9$k$+!"(B
$B!J%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$K0MB8$9$k!K%3%a%s%H3+;OJ8;zNs$N$h$&$G$"$l$P!"(B
$B$_$D$1$?@\F,<-$rCJMn$N5M$a9~$_$KMQ$$$^$9!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"$=$N@\F,<-$,8eB3$N9T$KBP$7$FCJMn$N;O$^$j$K$J$i$J$$>l9g$K8B$j$^$9!#(B

@c   Otherwise, the prefix found is converted to an equivalent number of
@c spaces, and those spaces are used as the fill prefix for the rest of the
@c lines, provided they would not act as a paragraph starter on subsequent
@c lines.
$B$5$b$J$1$l$P!"$_$D$1$?@\F,<-$rAjEvJ,$N6uGr$KJQ49$7$F!"(B
$B$=$l$i$N6uGr$rCJMn$N(B2$B9TL\0J9_$N5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$H$7$F;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"$=$l$i$N6uGr$,8eB3$N9T$KBP$7$FCJMn$N;O$^$j$K$J$i$J$$>l9g$K8B$j$^$9!#(B

@c   In Text mode, and other modes where only blank lines and page
@c delimiters separate paragraphs, the prefix chosen by adaptive filling
@c never acts as a paragraph starter, so it can always be used for filling.
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I!"$*$h$S!"(B
$B6u9T$d%Z!<%86h@Z$j$@$1$,CJMn$r6h@Z$k%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$BE,1~7?5M$a9~$_$K$h$C$FA*$P$l$?@\F,<-$,(B
$BCJMn$N;O$^$j$K$J$k$3$H$O$1$C$7$F$"$j$^$;$s$+$i!"(B
$B$=$N@\F,<-$rCJMn$N5M$a9~$_$K;HMQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

@vindex adaptive-fill-mode
@vindex adaptive-fill-regexp
@c   The variable @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} determines what kinds of line
@c beginnings can serve as a fill prefix: any characters at the start of
@c the line that match this regular expression are used.  If you set the
@c variable @code{adaptive-fill-mode} to @code{nil}, the fill prefix is
@c never chosen automatically.
$BJQ?t(B@code{adaptive-fill-regexp}$B$G!"(B
$B9TF,$N$I$s$JJ8;zNs$r5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$H$7$F;H$($k$+$r7hDj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NJQ?t$N@55,I=8=$K0lCW$9$k9TF,$NJ8;zNs$r@\F,<-$H$7$^$9!#(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{adaptive-fill-mode}$B$K(B@code{nil}$B$r@_Dj$9$k$H!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r<+F0E*$K$O@Z$j=P$7$^$;$s!#(B

@vindex adaptive-fill-function
@c   You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix
@c automatically by setting the variable @code{adaptive-fill-function} to a
@c function.  This function is called with point after the left margin of a
@c line, and it should return the appropriate fill prefix based on that
@c line.  If it returns @code{nil}, that means it sees no fill prefix in
@c that line.
$BJQ?t(B@code{adaptive-fill-function}$B$K4X?t$r@_Dj$9$k$H!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$r<+F0E*$K@Z$j=P$9$?$a$N$h$jJ#;($JJ}K!$r;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N4X?t$O9T$N:8C<$ND>8e$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$$$F8F$S=P$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N9T$+$iN`?d$5$l$kE,@Z$J5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$rJV$5$J$/$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#(B
$B$=$N9T$K5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,$J$5$=$&$G$"$l$P(B@code{nil}$B$rJV$7$^$9!#(B

@node Case
@c @section Case Conversion Commands
@section $BBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49%3%^%s%I(B
@c @cindex case conversion
@cindex $BBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49(B

@c   Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any arbitrary
@c range of text to upper case or to lower case.
Emacs$B$K$O!"C18l$dG$0U$ND9$5$N%F%-%9%H$r(B
$BBgJ8;z$"$k$$$O>.J8;z$KJQ49$9$k%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@c WideCommands
@table @kbd
@item M-l
@c Convert following word to lower case (@code{downcase-word}).
$B8eB3$NC18l$r>.J8;z$KJQ49$9$k!J(B@code{downcase-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-u
@c Convert following word to upper case (@code{upcase-word}).
$B8eB3$NC18l$rBgJ8;z$KJQ49$9$k!J(B@code{upcase-word}$B!K!#(B
@item M-c
@c Capitalize the following word (@code{capitalize-word}).
$B8eB3$NC18l$N(B1$BJ8;zL\$@$1$rBgJ8;z$K$9$k!J(B@code{capitalize-word}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x C-l
@c Convert region to lower case (@code{downcase-region}).
$B%j!<%8%g%sFb$N%F%-%9%H$r>.J8;z$KJQ49$9$k!J(B@code{downcase-region}$B!K!#(B
@item C-x C-u
@c Convert region to upper case (@code{upcase-region}).
$B%j!<%8%g%sFb$N%F%-%9%H$rBgJ8;z$KJQ49$9$k!J(B@code{upcase-region}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@kindex M-l
@kindex M-u
@kindex M-c
@c @cindex words, case conversion
@cindex $BC18l$NBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49(B
@cindex $BBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49!"C18l(B
@c @cindex converting text to upper or lower case
@cindex $B%F%-%9%H$NBgJ8;z!?>.J8;z$X$NJQ49(B
@c @cindex capitalizing words
@cindex $BC18l$NF,J8;z$NBgJ8;z2=(B
@findex downcase-word
@findex upcase-word
@findex capitalize-word
@c   The word conversion commands are the most useful.  @kbd{M-l}
@c (@code{downcase-word}) converts the word after point to lower case, moving
@c past it.  Thus, repeating @kbd{M-l} converts successive words.
@c @kbd{M-u} (@code{upcase-word}) converts to all capitals instead, while
@c @kbd{M-c} (@code{capitalize-word}) puts the first letter of the word
@c into upper case and the rest into lower case.  All these commands convert
@c several words at once if given an argument.  They are especially convenient
@c for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case,
@c because you can move through the text using @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} or
@c @kbd{M-c} on each word as appropriate, occasionally using @kbd{M-f} instead
@c to skip a word.
$BC18lJQ49%3%^%s%I$O$?$$$X$sJXMx$G$9!#(B
@kbd{M-l}$B!J(B@code{downcase-word}$B!K$O(B
$B%]%$%s%H$ND>8e$NC18l$r>.J8;z$KJQ49$7!"(B
$BC18l$NKvHx$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"(B@kbd{M-l}$B$r7+$jJV$9$H!"O"B3$7$?C18l$rJQ49$G$-$^$9!#(B
@kbd{M-u}$B!J(B@code{upcase-word}$B!K$OC18l$rBgJ8;z$KJQ49$7!"(B
@kbd{M-c}$B!J(B@code{capitalize-word}$B!K$OC18l$N(B1$BJ8;zL\$r(B
$BBgJ8;z$7$F;D$j$r>.J8;z$KJQ49$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$K0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"0lEY$K?tC18l$rJQ49$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$O!"BgJ8;z$@$1$NBgNL$N%F%-%9%H$r(B
$BBgJ8;z>.J8;z$,:.:_$9$k$h$&$KJQ49$9$k$H$-$K!"FC$K0RNO$rH/4x$7$^$9!#(B
$B$H$$$&$N$O!"I,MW$K1~$8$F(B@kbd{M-l}$B!"(B@kbd{M-u}$B!"(B
@kbd{M-c}$B$r;H$$J,$1$F0\F0$7$?$j!"(B@kbd{M-f}$B$GJQ49$;$:$KC18l$r(B
$BHt$S1[$($i$l$k$+$i$G$9!#(B

@c   When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands apply
@c to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move point.
@c This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case: you
@c can give the case conversion command and continue typing.
$BIi$N0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"%]%$%s%H$ND>A0$K$"$k?t8D$NC18l$rJQ49$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$O0\F0$7$^$;$s!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"BgJ8;z>.J8;z$r$^$A$,$($FC18l$rF~NO$7$?D>8e$K$OJXMx$G$9!#(B
$BBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49%3%^%s%I$rBG$C$F$+$i$9$0$KF~NO$r:F3+$G$-$^$9!#(B

@c   If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, it
@c applies only to the part of the word which follows point.  This is just
@c like what @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) does.  With a negative argument,
@c case conversion applies only to the part of the word before point.
$BC18l$NESCf$GBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$9$k$H!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$N$&$7$m$K$"$kItJ,$@$1$rJQ49$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O(B@kbd{M-d}$B!J(B@code{kill-word}$B!K$N$U$k$^$$$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"Ii$N0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"%]%$%s%H$h$j$^$($NItJ,$rJQ49$7$^$9!#(B

@kindex C-x C-l
@kindex C-x C-u
@findex downcase-region
@findex upcase-region
@c   The other case conversion commands are @kbd{C-x C-u}
@c (@code{upcase-region}) and @kbd{C-x C-l} (@code{downcase-region}), which
@c convert everything between point and mark to the specified case.  Point and
@c mark do not move.
$BB>$NBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
@kbd{C-x C-u}$B!J(B@code{upcase-region}$B!K$H(B
@kbd{C-x C-l}$B!J(B@code{downcase-region}$B!K$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$O!"%j!<%8%g%sFb$N%F%-%9%H$r;XDj$I$*$j$KJQ49$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$b%^!<%/$b0\F0$7$^$;$s!#(B

@c   The region case conversion commands @code{upcase-region} and
@c @code{downcase-region} are normally disabled.  This means that they ask
@c for confirmation if you try to use them.  When you confirm, you may
@c enable the command, which means it will not ask for confirmation again.
@c @xref{Disabling}.
$B%j!<%8%g%s$KBP$9$kBgJ8;z>.J8;zJQ49%3%^%s%I$G$"$k(B
@code{upcase-region}$B$H(B@code{downcase-region}$B$O!"(B
$BDL>o!";HMQ6X;_$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$r;H$*$&$H$9$k$H!":G=i$K3NG'$r5a$a$F$-$^$9!#(B
$B3NG'$9$k$H$-$K%3%^%s%I$r;HMQ2D$K$7$F$*$1$P!"$D$.$+$i$O3NG'$r5a$a$F$-$^$;$s!#(B
@xref{Disabling}$B!#(B

@node Text Mode
@c @section Text Mode
@section $B%F%-%9%H%b!<%I!J(Btext$B%b!<%I!K(B
@c @cindex Text mode
@c @cindex mode, Text
@cindex $B%F%-%9%H%b!<%I!J(BText mode$B!K(B
@cindex text$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BText
@findex text-mode

@c   When you edit files of text in a human language, it's more convenient
@c to use Text mode rather than Fundamental mode.  To enter Text mode, type
@c @kbd{M-x text-mode}.
$B<+A38@8l%F%-%9%H$N%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$9$k$H$-$K$O!"(B
$B4pK\!J(Bfundamental$B!K%b!<%I$G$O$J$/(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$r;H$C$?$[$&$,JXMx$G$9!#(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$KF~$k$K$O(B@kbd{M-x text-mode}$B$HBG$A$^$9!#(B

@c   In Text mode, only blank lines and page delimiters separate
@c paragraphs.  As a result, paragraphs can be indented, and adaptive
@c filling determines what indentation to use when filling a paragraph.
@c @xref{Adaptive Fill}.
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"6u9T$H%Z!<%86h@Z$j$@$1$,CJMn$N6h@Z$j$G$9!#(B
$B$=$N7k2L!"CJMn$r;z2<$2$G$-$F!"(B
$BE,1~7?5M$a9~$_$G$OCJMn$N5M$a9~$_$K;HMQ$9$k;z2<$2$r7hDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
@xref{Adaptive Fill}$B!#(B

@c @kindex TAB @r{(Text mode)}
@kindex TAB @r{$B!J%F%-%9%H%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   Text mode defines @key{TAB} to run @code{indent-relative}
@c (@pxref{Indentation}), so that you can conveniently indent a line like
@c the previous line.  When the previous line is not indented,
@c @code{indent-relative} runs @code{tab-to-tab-stop}, which uses Emacs tab
@c stops that you can set (@pxref{Tab Stops}).
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B@key{TAB}$B$O(B
@code{indent-relative}$B!J(B@pxref{Indentation}$B!K$r<B9T$9$k$h$&$K(B
$BDj5A$7$F$"$k$N$G!"@h9T$9$k9T$HF1$8$h$&$K;z2<$2$9$k$N$KJXMx$G$9!#(B
$B@h9T$9$k9T$,;z2<$2$5$l$F$J$1$l$P!"(B
@code{indent-relative}$B$O(B@code{tab-to-tab-stop}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%f!<%6!<$,@_Dj$7$?(BEmacs$B$N%?%V%9%H%C%W$r;H$$$^$9!J(B@pxref{Tab Stops}$B!K!#(B

@c   Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when
@c you explicitly invoke them.  It changes the syntax table so that periods
@c are not considered part of a word, while apostrophes, backspaces and
@c underlines are considered part of words.
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"%3%a%s%H$K4X$9$k5!G=$O!"(B
$BM[$K5/F0$7$?>l9g$r=|$$$F%*%U$G$9!#(B
$B%T%j%*%I$OC18l$N0lIt$G$O$J$/!"0lJ}!"(B
$B%"%]%9%H%m%U!"%P%C%/%9%Z!<%9!"2<@~$OC18l$N0lIt$G$"$k!"(B
$B$H$J$k$h$&$K9=J8%F!<%V%k$rJQ99$7$^$9!#(B

@c @cindex Paragraph-Indent Text mode
@c @cindex mode, Paragraph-Indent Text
@cindex $BCJMn;z2<$27?%F%-%9%H%b!<%I!J(BParagraph-Indent Text mode$B!K(B
@cindex paragraph-indent-text$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BParagraph-Indent Text
@findex paragraph-indent-text-mode
@c   If you indent the first lines of paragraphs, then you should use
@c Paragraph-Indent Text mode rather than Text mode.  In this mode, you do
@c not need to have blank lines between paragraphs, because the first-line
@c indentation is sufficient to start a paragraph; however paragraphs in
@c which every line is indented are not supported.  Use @kbd{M-x
@c paragraph-indent-text-mode} to enter this mode.
$BCJMn$N:G=i$N9T$r;z2<$2$9$k$N$G$"$l$P!"%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$G$O$J$/(B
$BCJMn;z2<$27?%F%-%9%H!J(Bparagraph-indent-text$B!K%b!<%I$r;H$&$Y$-$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$G$O!"CJMn$N$"$$$@$K6u9T$r@_$1$kI,MW$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B$H$$$&$N$O!":G=i$N9T$N;z2<$2$G!"CJMn$N;O$^$j$,$o$+$k$+$i$G$9!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"$9$Y$F$N9T$,;z2<$2$5$l$F$$$kCJMn$O07$($^$;$s!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$KF~$k$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-x paragraph-indent-text-mode}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B

@c @kindex M-TAB @r{(Text mode)}
@kindex M-TAB @r{$B!J%F%-%9%H%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   Text mode, and all the modes based on it, define @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} as
@c the command @code{ispell-complete-word}, which performs completion of
@c the partial word in the buffer before point, using the spelling
@c dictionary as the space of possible words.  @xref{Spelling}.
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I!"$*$h$S!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$K4p$E$/$9$Y$F$N%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
@kbd{M-@key{TAB}}$B$r%3%^%s%I(B@code{ispell-complete-word}$B$H$7$FDj5A$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!"%]%$%s%H$ND>A0$NItJ,E*$JC18l$rDV$j<-=q$rMQ$$$FJd40$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Spelling}$B!#(B

@vindex text-mode-hook
@c   Entering Text mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}.  Other major
@c modes related to Text mode also run this hook, followed by hooks of
@c their own; this includes Paragraph-Indent Text mode, Nroff mode, @TeX{}
@c mode, Outline mode, and Mail mode.  Hook functions on
@c @code{text-mode-hook} can look at the value of @code{major-mode} to see
@c which of these modes is actually being entered.  @xref{Hooks}.
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$KF~$k$H!"%U%C%/(B@code{text-mode-hook}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$K4XO"$9$kB>$N%b!<%I$b!"$3$N%U%C%/$KB3$1$F(B
$B3F%b!<%I@lMQ$N%U%C%/$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"CJMn;z2<$27?%F%-%9%H!J(Bparagraph-indent-text$B!K%b!<%I!"(B
nroff$B%b!<%I!"(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!"%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I!"(B
$B%a%$%k!J(Bmail$B!K%b!<%I$,$=$&$G$9!#(B
@code{text-mode-hook}$B$KEPO?$5$l$?%U%C%/4X?t$G$O!"(B
@code{major-mode}$B$NCM$rD4$Y$l$P<B:]$K$I$N%b!<%I$KF~$C$?$+$o$+$j$^$9!#(B
@xref{Hooks}$B!#(B

@ifinfo
@c   Emacs provides two other modes for editing text that is to be passed
@c through a text formatter to produce fancy formatted printed output.
@c @xref{Nroff Mode}, for editing input to the formatter nroff.
@c @xref{TeX Mode}, for editing input to the formatter TeX.
Emacs$B$K$O!"e:No$J0u:~=PNO$rF@$k$?$a$K%F%-%9%H@6=q7O$KEO$9%F%-%9%H$r(B
$BJT=8$9$k$?$a$N%b!<%I$,B>$K(B2$B$D$"$j$^$9!#(B
nroff$BF~NO$NJT=8$K$D$$$F$O!"(B@xref{Nroff Mode}$B!#(B
TeX$BF~NO$NJQ?t$K$D$$$F$O!"(B@xref{TeX Mode}$B!#(B

@c   Another mode is used for editing outlines.  It allows you to view the
@c text at various levels of detail.  You can view either the outline
@c headings alone or both headings and text; you can also hide some of the
@c headings at lower levels from view to make the high level structure more
@c visible.  @xref{Outline Mode}.
$BJL$N%b!<%I$O!"%"%&%H%i%$%s$NJT=8$K;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$O!"$5$^$6$^$J%l%Y%k$N>\$7$5$G%F%-%9%H$rD/$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s$N8+=P$7$@$1$r8+$?$j!"8+=P$7$H%F%-%9%H$rF1;~$K8+$?$j$G$-$^$9!#(B
$BDc$$%l%Y%k$N8+=P$7$N0lIt$r1#$7$F!"(B
$B$h$j9b$$%l%Y%k$N9=B$$r:]$@$?$;$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
@xref{Outline Mode}$B!#(B
@end ifinfo

@node Outline Mode
@c @section Outline Mode
@section $B%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!J(Boutline$B%b!<%I!K(B
@c @cindex Outline mode
@c @cindex mode, Outline
@c @cindex selective display
@c @cindex invisible lines
@cindex $B%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!J(BOutline mode$B!K(B
@cindex outline$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BOutline
@cindex $BA*BrE*I=<((B
@cindex $BIT2D;k9T(B

@findex outline-mode
@findex outline-minor-mode
@vindex outline-minor-mode-prefix
@c   Outline mode is a major mode much like Text mode but intended for
@c editing outlines.  It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily
@c invisible so that you can see the outline structure.  Type @kbd{M-x
@c outline-mode} to switch to Outline mode as the major mode of the current
@c buffer.
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$O%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$K$?$$$X$s(B
$B$h$/;w$?%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$G$9$,!"%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$r;}$D%F%-%9%H$NJT=8MQ$G$9!#(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$rGD0.$G$-$k$h$&$K%F%-%9%H$N0lIt$r0l;~E*$KIT2D;k$K$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$r%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$K(B
$B@Z$jBX$($k$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-x outline-mode}$B$HBG$A$^$9!#(B

@c   When Outline mode makes a line invisible, the line does not appear on
@c the screen.  The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line were
@c deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears at the
@c end of the previous visible line (only one ellipsis no matter how many
@c invisible lines follow).
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$G9T$rIT2D;k$K$9$k$H!"(B
$B$=$N9T$O2hLL>e$KI=<($5$l$^$;$s!#(B
$B2hLL>e$G$O!"IT2D;k$K$7$?9T$,:o=|$5$l$?$+$N$h$&$K8+$($^$9$,!"(B
$B$=$l$K@h9T$9$k2D;k$J9T$NKvHx$K>JN,5-9f!J%T%j%*%I$,(B3$B$D(B...$B!K$,I=<($5$l$^$9(B
$B!J2?9TIT2D;k$K$7$F$$$F$b!">JN,5-9f$O(B1$B$D$@$1!K!#(B

@c   Editing commands that operate on lines, such as @kbd{C-n} and
@c @kbd{C-p}, treat the text of the invisible line as part of the previous
@c visible line.  Killing an entire visible line, including its terminating
@c newline, really kills all the following invisible lines along with it.
@kbd{C-n}$B$d(B@kbd{C-p}$B$N$h$&$J9T$rBP>]$H$7$?JT=8%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$BIT2D;k$K$7$?9T$N%F%-%9%H$r!"@h9T$9$k2D;k$J9T$N0lIt$G$"$k$+$N$h$&$K07$$$^$9!#(B
$B2~9T$b4^$a$F2D;k$J9TA4BN$r%-%k$9$k$H!"8eB3$NIT2D;k$J9T$b0l=o$K%-%k$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Outline minor mode provides the same commands as the major mode,
@c Outline mode, but you can use it in conjunction with other major modes.
@c Type @kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode} to enable the Outline minor mode in
@c the current buffer.  You can also specify this in the text of a file,
@c with a file local variable of the form @samp{mode: outline-minor}
@c (@pxref{File Variables}).
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J!J(Boutline-minor$B!K%b!<%I$O!"(B
$B%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$G$"$k%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$H(B
$BF1$8%3%^%s%I$rDs6!$7$^$9$,!"B>$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$H0l=o$K;HMQ$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$G%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J!J(Boutline-minor$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$9$k$K$O!"(B
@kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode}$B$HBG$A$^$9!#(B
@samp{mode: outline-minor}$B$H$$$C$?7A$N%U%!%$%k$K%m!<%+%k$JJQ?t$G!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$K%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J!J(Boutline-minor$B!K%b!<%I$r(B
$B;XDj$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!J(B@pxref{File Variables}$B!K!#(B

@c @kindex C-c @@ @r{(Outline minor mode)}
@kindex C-c @@ @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   The major mode, Outline mode, provides special key bindings on the
@c @kbd{C-c} prefix.  Outline minor mode provides similar bindings with
@c @kbd{C-c @@} as the prefix; this is to reduce the conflicts with the
@c major mode's special commands.  (The variable
@c @code{outline-minor-mode-prefix} controls the prefix used.)
$B%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$G$"$k%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$B%W%l%U%#%C%/%9(B@kbd{C-c}$B$KFCJL$J%-!<%P%$%s%G%#%s%0$r@_Dj$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J!J(Boutline-minor$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
@kbd{C-c @@}$B$r%W%l%U%#%C%/%9$H$7$FF1MM$N%P%$%s%G%#%s%0$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"0l=o$KMQ$$$k%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$NFCJL$J%3%^%s%I$H$N>WFM$r(B
$B8:$i$9$?$a$NA<CV$G$9!#(B
$B!JJQ?t(B@code{outline-minor-mode-prefix}$B$G!"(B
$B<B:]$K;HMQ$9$k%W%l%U%#%C%/%9$r@)8f$9$k!#!K(B

@vindex outline-mode-hook
@c   Entering Outline mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook} followed by
@c the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$KF~$k$H!"(B
$B%U%C%/(B@code{text-mode-hook}$B$KB3$1$F%U%C%/(B@code{outline-mode-hook}$B$r(B
$B<B9T$7$^$9!J(B@pxref{Hooks}$B!K!#(B

@menu
* Format: Outline Format.	   What the text of an outline looks like.
* Motion: Outline Motion.	   Special commands for moving through
                                     outlines. 
* Visibility: Outline Visibility.  Commands to control what is visible.
* Views: Outline Views.            Outlines and multiple views.
@end menu

@node Outline Format
@c @subsection Format of Outlines
@subsection $B%"%&%H%i%$%s$N7A<0(B

@c @cindex heading lines (Outline mode)
@c @cindex body lines (Outline mode)
@cindex $B8+=P$79T!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B
@cindex $BK\BN9T!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B
@c   Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types:
@c @dfn{heading lines} and @dfn{body lines}.  A heading line represents a
@c topic in the outline.  Heading lines start with one or more stars; the
@c number of stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline
@c structure.  Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the
@c heading lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading
@c are its subtopics; and so on.  Any line that is not a heading line is a
@c body line.  Body lines belong with the preceding heading line.  Here is
@c an example:
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$O!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$NCf$K$O(B2$B<oN`$N9T!"$D$^$j!"(B
@dfn{$B8+=P$79T(B}$B!J(Bheading lines$B!K!"(B@dfn{$BK\BN9T(B}$B!J(Bbody lines$B!K(B
$B$,$"$k$H2>Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B8+=P$79T$O!"%"%&%H%i%$%s$N%H%T%C%/$rI=$7$F$$$F!"(B
1$B$D0J>e$N@10u$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B
$B@10u$N8D?t$O!"%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$K$*$1$k8+=P$7$N?<$5$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"@10u(B1$B$D$N8+=P$79T$O<gMW$J%H%T%C%/$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N9T$H$D$.$N@10u(B1$B8D$N9T$N$"$$$@$K$"$k@10u(B2$B8D$N8+=P$79T$O!"(B
$B$3$N9T$N2<0L%H%T%C%/$G$9!#(B
$B@10u$,$$$/$D$G$"$C$F$b$3$N$h$&$J4X78$,@.$jN)$A$^$9!#(B
$B8+=P$79T0J30$OK\BN9T$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$OD>A0$N8+=P$79T$KB0$7$^$9!#(B
$B0J2<$KNc$r<($7$^$9!#(B

@example
* Food
This is the body,
which says something about the topic of food.

** Delicious Food
This is the body of the second-level header.

** Distasteful Food
This could have
a body too, with
several lines.

*** Dormitory Food

* Shelter
Another first-level topic with its header line.
@end example

@c   A heading line together with all following body lines is called
@c collectively an @dfn{entry}.  A heading line together with all following
@c deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a @dfn{subtree}.
$B8+=P$79T$H$=$l$KB3$/K\BN9T$r$^$H$a$F(B@dfn{$B9`L\(B}$B!J(Bentry$B!K$H8F$S$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"8+=P$79T$H!"$=$l$KB3$/$5$i$K?<$$%l%Y%k$N8+=P$79T$H$=$l$i$NK\BN9T$r(B
$B$^$H$a$F(B@dfn{$BItJ,LZ(B}$B!J(Bsubtree$B!K$H8F$S$^$9!#(B

@vindex outline-regexp
@c   You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines
@c by setting the variable @code{outline-regexp}.  Any line whose
@c beginning has a match for this regexp is considered a heading line.
@c Matches that start within a line (not at the left margin) do not count.
@c The length of the matching text determines the level of the heading;
@c longer matches make a more deeply nested level.  Thus, for example,
@c if a text formatter has commands @samp{@@chapter}, @samp{@@section}
@c and @samp{@@subsection} to divide the document into chapters and
@c sections, you could make those lines count as heading lines by
@c setting @code{outline-regexp} to @samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}.
@c Note the trick: the two words @samp{chapter} and @samp{section} are equally
@c long, but by defining the regexp to match only @samp{chap} we ensure
@c that the length of the text matched on a chapter heading is shorter,
@c so that Outline mode will know that sections are contained in chapters.
@c This works as long as no other command starts with @samp{@@chap}.
$BJQ?t(B@code{outline-regexp}$B$KCM$r@_Dj$7$F!"(B
$B8+=P$79T$rH=Dj$9$k4p=`$r%+%9%?%^%$%:$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N@55,I=8=$K9TF,$,0lCW$9$k9T$r8+=P$79T$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
$B!J:8C<$+$i$G$O$J$/!K9T$NESCf$G0lCW$9$k$b$N$O!"L5;k$7$^$9!#(B
$B0lCW$7$?%F%-%9%H$ND9$5$K$h$C$F!"8+=P$7$N%l%Y%k$r7hDj$7$^$9!#(B
$B0lCW$7$?%F%-%9%H$,D9$$$[$I%l%Y%k$,?<$/$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"$?$H$($P!"@6=q7O$K>O$d@a$rJ,$1$k(B
@samp{@@chapter}$B!"(B@samp{@@section}$B!"(B@samp{@@subsection}$B$H$$$C$?(B
$B%3%^%s%I$,$"$k>l9g!"$3$l$i$N9T$r8+=P$7$H$7$F07$($P$h$$$N$G$9$,!"$=$l$K$O(B
@code{outline-regexp}$B$K(B@samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}$B$H@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$K$O!"$A$g$C$H$7$?%H%j%C%/$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
2$B$D$NC18l!"(B@samp{chapter}$B$H(B@samp{section}$B$OF1$8D9$5$G$9$,!"(B
$B@55,I=8=$G$O!"(B@samp{chap}$B$@$1$K0lCW$9$k$h$&$KDj5A$9$k$3$H$G!"(B
$B>O8+=P$7$K0lCW$9$k%F%-%9%H$ND9$5$N$[$&$rC;$/$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$K$h$C$F!"%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$O!"(B
$B>O!J(Bchapter$B!K$NCf$K@a!J(Bsection$B!K$,4^$^$l$k$H$o$+$k$N$G$9!#(B
$BB>$N%3%^%s%I$,(B@samp{@@chap}$B$G;O$^$i$J$$8B$j!"$3$N@_Dj$OM-8z$G$9!#(B

@vindex outline-level
@c   It is possible to change the rule for calculating the level of a
@c heading line by setting the variable @code{outline-level}.  The value of
@c @code{outline-level} should be a function that takes no arguments and
@c returns the level of the current heading.  Some major modes such as C,
@c Nroff, and Emacs Lisp mode set this variable in order to work with
@c Outline minor mode.
$BJQ?t(B@code{outline-level}$B$r@_Dj$9$k$H!"8+=P$79T$N%l%Y%k7W;;J}K!$rJQ99$G$-$^$9!#(B
@code{outline-level}$B$NCM$O!"0z?t$r<h$i$J$$!"(B
$B8=:_$N8+=P$7$N%l%Y%k$rJV$94X?t$G$"$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
C$B%b!<%I!"(Bnroff$B%b!<%I!"(BEmacs Lisp$B%b!<%I$H$$$C$?%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$N$$$/$D$+$G$O!"(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J!J(Boutline-minor$B!K%b!<%I$,M-8z$KF/$/$h$&$K!"(B
$B$3$NJQ?t$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@node Outline Motion
@c @subsection Outline Motion Commands
@subsection $B%"%&%H%i%$%s>e$G$N0\F0%3%^%s%I(B

@c   Outline mode provides special motion commands that move backward and
@c forward to heading lines.
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$K$O!"(B
$BA08e$N8+=P$79T$K0\F0$9$kFCJL$J%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item C-c C-n
@c Move point to the next visible heading line
@c (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}).
$B$D$.$N2D;k$J8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{outline-next-visible-heading}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-p
@c Move point to the previous visible heading line
@c (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}).
$B$^$($N2D;k$J8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-f
@c Move point to the next visible heading line at the same level
@c as the one point is on (@code{outline-forward-same-level}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$HF1$8%l%Y%k$N$D$.$N2D;k$J8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{outline-forward-same-level}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-b
@c Move point to the previous visible heading line at the same level
@c (@code{outline-backward-same-level}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$HF1$8%l%Y%k$N$^$($N2D;k$J8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{outline-backward-same-level}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-u
@c Move point up to a lower-level (more inclusive) visible heading line
@c (@code{outline-up-heading}).
$B$h$j@u$$!J$h$jB?$/$N9`L\$r4^$`!K%l%Y%k$G!"(B
$B2D;k$J8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{outline-up-heading}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@findex outline-next-visible-heading
@findex outline-previous-visible-heading
@c @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-n @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-p @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}) moves down to the next
@c heading line.  @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}) moves
@c similarly backward.  Both accept numeric arguments as repeat counts.  The
@c names emphasize that invisible headings are skipped, but this is not really
@c a special feature.  All editing commands that look for lines ignore the
@c invisible lines automatically.@refill
@kbd{C-c C-n}$B!J(B@code{outline-next-visible-heading}$B!K$O!"(B
$B$D$.$N8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-p}$B!J(B@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}$B!K$bF1MM$G$9$,!"(B
$B5U8~$-$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B$I$A$i$N%3%^%s%I$b!"?t0z?t$rH?I|2s?t$H$7$F<u$1<h$j$^$9!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I$NL>A0$O!"IT2D;k$J8+=P$79T$rHt$S1[$($k$3$H$r6/D4$7$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
$B$3$l$O2?$bFCJL$J5!G=$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B9T$rC5$9$h$&$J$9$Y$F$NJT=8%3%^%s%I$O!"IT2D;k$J9T$r<+F0E*$KL5;k$7$^$9!#(B

@findex outline-up-heading
@findex outline-forward-same-level
@findex outline-backward-same-level
@c @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-f @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-b @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-u @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   More powerful motion commands understand the level structure of headings.
@c @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{outline-forward-same-level}) and
@c @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{outline-backward-same-level}) move from one
@c heading line to another visible heading at the same depth in
@c the outline.  @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) moves
@c backward to another heading that is less deeply nested.
$B$b$C$H6/NO$J0\F0%3%^%s%I$O!"8+=P$7$N%l%Y%k9=B$$rGD0.$7$F0\F0$r9T$&$b$N$G$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-f}$B!J(B@code{outline-forward-same-level}$B!K$H(B
@kbd{C-c C-b}$B!J(B@code{outline-backward-same-level}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$Cf$GF1$8%l%Y%k$K$"$kJL$N8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-u}$B!J(B@code{outline-up-heading}$B!K$O!"(B
$B$h$j@u$$%l%Y%k$N8+=P$79T$XLa$k$h$&$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$^$9!#(B

@node Outline Visibility
@c @subsection Outline Visibility Commands
@subsection $B%"%&%H%i%$%s$N2D;k!?IT2D;k@)8f%3%^%s%I(B

@c   The other special commands of outline mode are used to make lines visible
@c or invisible.  Their names all start with @code{hide} or @code{show}.
@c Most of them fall into pairs of opposites.  They are not undoable; instead,
@c you can undo right past them.  Making lines visible or invisible is simply
@c not recorded by the undo mechanism.
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$NFCJL$J%3%^%s%I$H$7$F!"(B
$B9T$r2D;k!?IT2D;k$K$9$k$b$N$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$NL>A0$O!"$9$Y$F(B@code{hide}$B$"$k$$$O(B@code{show}$B$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N$[$H$s$I$O!"5U$N5!G=$N%3%^%s%I$HBP$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$O%"%s%I%%2DG=$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"(B
$B<B9TD>8e$J$i$PLa$9$3$H$O$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B9T$r2D;k!?IT2D;k$K$9$k$N$O!"%"%s%I%%5!9=$KC1=c$K5-O?$9$k$N$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

@table @kbd
@item C-c C-t
@c Make all body lines in the buffer invisible (@code{hide-body}).
$B%P%C%U%!Cf$NK\BN9T$r$9$Y$FIT2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{hide-body}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-a
@c Make all lines in the buffer visible (@code{show-all}).
$B%P%C%U%!Cf$N$9$Y$F$N9T$r2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{show-all}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-d
@c Make everything under this heading invisible, not including this
@c heading itself (@code{hide-subtree}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$r=|$$$F!"(B
$B$=$N2<0L%l%Y%k$N$9$Y$F$rIT2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{hide-subtree}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-s
@c Make everything under this heading visible, including body,
@c subheadings, and their bodies (@code{show-subtree}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T!"K\BN!"2<0L$N8+=P$7!?K\BN!"(B
$B$9$Y$F$r2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{show-subtree}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-l
@c Make the body of this heading line, and of all its subheadings,
@c invisible (@code{hide-leaves}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$NK\BN$H(B
$B2<0L$N8+=P$79T$N$9$Y$F$NK\BN$rIT2D;k$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{hide-leaves}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-k
@c Make all subheadings of this heading line, at all levels, visible
@c (@code{show-branches}). 
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$N2<0L$N8+=P$79T$r$9$Y$F2D;k$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{show-branches}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-i
@c Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of this heading line
@c visible (@code{show-children}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$ND>2<!J(B1$B%l%Y%k?<$$!K$N2<0L8+=P$7$r(B
$B2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{show-children}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-c
@c Make this heading line's body invisible (@code{hide-entry}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$NK\BN$rIT2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{hide-entry}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-e
@c Make this heading line's body visible (@code{show-entry}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$NK\BN$r2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{show-entry}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-q
@c Hide everything except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines
@c (@code{hide-sublevels}).
$B:G>e0L$N(B@var{n}$B%l%Y%k$^$G$r=|$-!"$9$Y$F$rIT2D;k$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{hide-sublevels}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-o
@c Hide everything except for the heading or body that point is in, plus
@c the headings leading up from there to the top level of the outline
@c (@code{hide-other}).
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$79T$dK\BN!"$*$h$S!"(B
$B$=$3$+$i:G>e0L%l%Y%k$K;j$k$^$G$KDL2a$9$k8+=P$79T$r=|$-!"(B
$B$9$Y$FIT2D;k$K$9$k!J(B@code{hide-other}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@findex hide-entry
@findex show-entry
@c @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-c @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-e @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   Two commands that are exact opposites are @kbd{C-c C-c}
@c (@code{hide-entry}) and @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{show-entry}).  They are
@c used with point on a heading line, and apply only to the body lines of
@c that heading.  Subheadings and their bodies are not affected.
@kbd{C-c C-c}$B!J(B@code{hide-entry}$B!K$H(B
@kbd{C-c C-e}$B!J(B@code{show-entry}$B!K$N(B2$B$D$N%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$B@5H?BP$N5!G=$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$O!"8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$,$"$k>l9g(B
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![%]%$%s%H$,K\BN9T$K$"$C$F$bF0:n$9$k!#(B}
$B$K!"$=$NK\BN$N$_$K:nMQ$7$^$9!#(B
$B2<0L8+=P$7$H$=$NK\BN$O1F6A$r<u$1$^$;$s!#(B

@findex hide-subtree
@findex show-subtree
@c @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-s @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-d @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c @cindex subtree (Outline mode)
@cindex $BItJ,LZ!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B
@c   Two more powerful opposites are @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{hide-subtree}) and
@c @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{show-subtree}).  Both expect to be used when point is
@c on a heading line, and both apply to all the lines of that heading's
@c @dfn{subtree}: its body, all its subheadings, both direct and indirect, and
@c all of their bodies.  In other words, the subtree contains everything
@c following this heading line, up to and not including the next heading of
@c the same or higher rank.@refill
$B$b$C$H6/NO$G5!G=$,@5H?BP$N%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
@kbd{C-c C-d}$B!J(B@code{hide-subtree}$B!K$H(B
@kbd{C-c C-s}$B!J(B@code{show-subtree}$B!K$G$9!#(B
$B$I$A$i$b8+=P$79T$K%]%$%s%H$,$"$k$H$-(B
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![%]%$%s%H$,K\BN9T$K$"$C$F$bF0:n$7!"7k2L$bF1$8!#(B}
$B$K;H$$!"(B
$B8+=P$7$N(B@dfn{$BItJ,LZ(B}$BFb$N$9$Y$F$N9T(B
$B$D$^$j!"K\BN!"D>@\!?4V@\$K4X$o$i$:$"$i$f$k2<0L$N8+=P$7$H$=$NK\BN!"(B
$B$K:nMQ$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"ItJ,LZ$K$O!"$=$N8+=P$79T$KB3$/(B
$B$D$.$NF1%l%Y%k$+>e0L%l%Y%k$N8+=P$79T$ND>A0$^$G$,4^$^$l$^$9!#(B

@findex hide-leaves
@findex show-branches
@c @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-l @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-k @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   Intermediate between a visible subtree and an invisible one is having
@c all the subheadings visible but none of the body.  There are two
@c commands for doing this, depending on whether you want to hide the
@c bodies or make the subheadings visible.  They are @kbd{C-c C-l}
@c (@code{hide-leaves}) and @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{show-branches}).
$B2D;k$JItJ,LZ$H!"$9$Y$FIT2D;k$JItJ,LZ$NCf4VE*$J>uBV$K$O!"(B
$BK\BN$OIT2D;k$G2<0L$N8+=P$79T$O$9$Y$F2D;k$H$$$C$?$b$N$bB8:_$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N>uBV$r:n$j=P$9%3%^%s%I$O(B2$B$D$"$j!"(B
$BK\BN$rIT2D;k$K$9$k$+!"2<0L8+=P$7$r2D;k$K$9$k$+$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$O!"(B@kbd{C-c C-l}$B!J(B@code{hide-leaves}$B!K$H(B
@kbd{C-c C-k}$B!J(B@code{show-branches}$B!K$G$9!#(B

@c @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-i @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex show-children
@c   A little weaker than @code{show-branches} is @kbd{C-c C-i}
@c (@code{show-children}).  It makes just the direct subheadings
@c visible---those one level down.  Deeper subheadings remain invisible, if
@c they were invisible.@refill
@kbd{C-c C-i}$B!J(B@code{show-children}$B!K$O!"(B
@code{show-branches}$B$h$j>/$7<e$$%3%^%s%I$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"D>2<$N!"$D$^$j(B1$B%l%Y%k?<$$8+=P$79T$@$1$r2D;k$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B$h$j?<$$%l%Y%k$N8+=P$7$OIT2D;k$J$i$PIT2D;k$N$^$^$G$9!#(B

@findex hide-body
@findex show-all
@c @kindex C-c C-t @r{(Outline mode)}
@c @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-t @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex C-c C-a @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   Two commands have a blanket effect on the whole file.  @kbd{C-c C-t}
@c (@code{hide-body}) makes all body lines invisible, so that you see just
@c the outline structure.  @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{show-all}) makes all lines
@c visible.  These commands can be thought of as a pair of opposites even
@c though @kbd{C-c C-a} applies to more than just body lines.
$B%U%!%$%kA4BN$K8z2L$,$*$h$V(B2$B$D$N%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-t}$B!J(B@code{hide-entry}$B!K$OK\BN9T$r$9$Y$FIT2D;k$K$9$k$N$G!"(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$@$1$rD/$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-a}$B!J(B@code{show-all}$B!K$O!"$9$Y$F$N9T$r2D;k$K$7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-a}$B$OK\BN9T0J30$K$b:nMQ$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$O@5H?BP$N5!G=$NBP$H9M$($k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

@findex hide-sublevels
@c @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-q @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   The command @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{hide-sublevels}) hides all but the
@c top level headings.  With a numeric argument @var{n}, it hides everything
@c except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines.
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-c C-q}$B!J(B@code{hide-sublevels}$B!K$O!"(B
$B:G>e0L%l%Y%k$N8+=P$70J30$r$9$Y$FIT2D;k$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B?t0z?t(B@var{n}$B$r;XDj$9$k$H!":G>e0L$+$i(B@var{n}$B%l%Y%k$^$G$N8+=P$79T$r=|$$$?(B
$B$9$Y$F$rIT2D;k$K$7$^$9!#(B

@findex hide-other
@c @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Outline mode)}
@kindex C-c C-o @r{$B!J%"%&%H%i%$%s%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   The command @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{hide-other}) hides everything except
@c the heading or body text that point is in, plus its parents (the headers
@c leading up from there to top level in the outline).
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-c C-o}$B!J(B@code{hide-other}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H0LCV$N8+=P$7$"$k$$$OK\BN!"$=$N?F!J(B
$B%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$K$*$$$F%]%$%s%H0LCV$+$i:G>e0L%l%Y%k$^$G;j$k8+=P$7!K$r(B
$B=|$$$?$9$Y$F$rIT2D;k$K$7$^$9!#(B

@c   You can turn off the use of ellipses at the ends of visible lines by
@c setting @code{selective-display-ellipses} to @code{nil}.  Then there is
@c no visible indication of the presence of invisible lines.
$BJQ?t(B@code{selective-display-ellipses}$B$K(B@code{nil}$B$r@_Dj$9$k$H!"(B
$B2D;k$J9T$NKvHx$K8=$l$k>JN,5-9f$r>C$;$^$9!#(B
$B$=$&$9$k$H!"IT2D;k$J9T$NB8:_$r<($9$b$N$O2?$b$J$/$J$j$^$9!#(B

@c   When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode,
@c it makes that part of the buffer visible.  If you exit the search
@c at that position, the text remains visible.
$B%$%s%/%j%a%s%?%k%5!<%A$G%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$,(B
$BIT2D;k$K$7$F$$$k%F%-%9%H$rC5$7$@$9$H!"%P%C%U%!$N$=$NItJ,$O2D;k$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N2U=j$GC5:w$+$iH4$1$k$H!"%F%-%9%H$O2D;k$N$^$^(B
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![H4$1$k$H!"$^$?IT2D;k$K$b$I$C$F$7$^$&!#(B
}$B$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

@node Outline Views
@c @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views
@subsection $BJ#?t$N;kE@$+$i%"%&%H%i%$%s$rD/$a$k(B

@c @cindex multiple views of outline
@c @cindex views of an outline
@c @cindex outline with multiple views
@c @cindex indirect buffers and outlines
@cindex $B%"%&%H%i%$%s$KBP$9$kJ#?t$N;kE@(B
@cindex $B%"%&%H%i%$%s$N;kE@(B
@cindex $BJ#?t$N;kE@$r;}$D%"%&%H%i%$%s(B
@cindex $B4V@\%P%C%U%!$H%"%&%H%i%$%s(B
@c   You can display two views of a single outline at the same time, in
@c different windows.  To do this, you must create an indirect buffer using
@c @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}.  The first argument of this command is
@c the existing outline buffer name, and its second argument is the name to
@c use for the new indirect buffer.  @xref{Indirect Buffers}.
1$B$D$N%"%&%H%i%$%s9=B$$rF1;~$K(B2$B$D$N;kE@$+$iJL!9$N%&%#%s%I%&$KI=<($7$F(B
$BD/$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}$B$r;H$C$F(B
$B4V@\%P%C%U%!$r:n@.$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$N:G=i$N0z?t$O!"4{B8$N%"%&%H%i%$%sMQ%P%C%U%!$NL>A0$G!"(B
2$BHVL\$N0z?t$O?7$?$K:n@.$9$k4V@\%P%C%U%!$NL>A0$G$9!#(B
@xref{Indirect Buffers}$B!#(B

@c   Once the indirect buffer exists, you can display it in a window in the
@c normal fashion, with @kbd{C-x 4 b} or other Emacs commands.  The Outline
@c mode commands to show and hide parts of the text operate on each buffer
@c independently; as a result, each buffer can have its own view.  If you
@c want more than two views on the same outline, create additional indirect
@c buffers.
$B4V@\%P%C%U%!$,$"$k$J$i$P!"(B@kbd{C-x 4 b}$B$dB>$N(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$GIaDL$K(B
$B$=$N%P%C%U%!$r%&%#%s%I%&$KI=<($G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%F%-%9%H$N0lIt$r2D;k!?IT2D;k$K$9$k%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$N%3%^%s%I$O!"(B
$B3F%P%C%U%!$GFHN)$KF/$-$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N7k2L!"3F%P%C%U%!$4$H$KFH<+$N;kE@$r;}$?$;$k$3$H$,2DG=$G$9!#(B
$BF1$8%"%&%H%i%$%s$KBP$7$F(B3$B$D0J>e$N;kE@$,I,MW$J$i$P!"(B
$B4V@\%P%C%U%!$r$5$i$K:n@.$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

@node TeX Mode
@c @section @TeX{} Mode
@section @TeX{}$B%b!<%I(B
@c @cindex @TeX{} mode
@c @cindex La@TeX{} mode
@c @cindex Sli@TeX{} mode
@c @cindex mode, @TeX{}
@c @cindex mode, La@TeX{}
@c @cindex mode, Sli@TeX{}
@cindex @TeX{}$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex La@TeX{}$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex Sli@TeX{}$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(B@TeX{}
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BLa@TeX{}
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BSli@TeX{}
@findex tex-mode
@findex plain-tex-mode
@findex latex-mode
@findex slitex-mode

@c   @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; it is also
@c free, like GNU Emacs.  La@TeX{} is a simplified input format for @TeX{},
@c implemented by @TeX{} macros; it comes with @TeX{}.  Sli@TeX{} is a special
@c form of La@TeX{}.@refill
@TeX{}$B$O!"(BDonald Knuth$B$,:n@.$7$?6/NO$J@6=q7O$G$9!#(B
$B$7$+$b!"(BGNU Emacs$B$HF1$8$/%U%j!<$G$9!#(B
La@TeX{}$B$O!"(B@TeX{}$B$NF~NO7A<0$rC1=c2=$7$?$b$N$G!"(B
@TeX{}$B$N%^%/%m$G<B8=$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$b(B@TeX{}$B$KIUB0$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
Sli@TeX{}$B$O%9%i%$%I$r:n@.$9$k$?$a$K(BLa@TeX{}$B$rFC<l2=$7$?$b$N$G$9!#(B

@c   Emacs has a special @TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} input files.
@c It provides facilities for checking the balance of delimiters and for
@c invoking @TeX{} on all or part of the file.
Emacs$B$K$O!"(B@TeX{}$B$NF~NO%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$9$k$?$a$NFCJL$J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$K$O!"6h@Z$j$NBP1~$r8!::$7$?$j!"(B
$B%U%!%$%kA4BN$d$=$N0lIt$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$7$?$j$9$k5!G=$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@vindex tex-default-mode
@c   @TeX{} mode has three variants, Plain @TeX{} mode, La@TeX{} mode, and
@c Sli@TeX{} mode (these three distinct major modes differ only slightly).
@c They are designed for editing the three different formats.  The command
@c @kbd{M-x tex-mode} looks at the contents of the buffer to determine
@c whether the contents appear to be either La@TeX{} input or Sli@TeX{}
@c input; if so, it selects the appropriate mode.  If the file contents do
@c not appear to be La@TeX{} or Sli@TeX{}, it selects Plain @TeX{} mode.
@c If the contents are insufficient to determine this, the variable
@c @code{tex-default-mode} controls which mode is used.
@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$K$O(B3$B$D$NJQ<o$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$>$l!"%W%l%$%s(B@TeX{}$B!J(Bplain-tex$B!K%b!<%I!"(B
La@TeX{}$B!J(Blatex$B!K%b!<%I!"(BSli@TeX{}$B!J(Bslitex$B!K%b!<%I$G$9(B
$B!J$3$l$i(B3$B$D$O%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$G$9$,!":90[$O$o$:$+!K!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%b!<%I$O!"0[$J$k(B3$B$D$NF~NO7A<0$rJT=8$9$k$h$&$K@_7W$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-x tex-mode}$B$O!"%P%C%U%!Fb$NFbMF$rD4$Y$F!"(B
La@TeX{}$B$NF~NO$J$N$+(BSli@TeX{}$B$NF~NO$J$N$+H=CG$7$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$$$:$l$+$G$"$l$P!"$=$l$KE,$7$?%b!<%I$rA*Br$7$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$NCf?H$,(BLa@TeX{}$B$G$b(BSli@TeX{}$B$G$b$J$5$=$&$G$"$l$P!"(B
$B%W%l%$%s(B@TeX{}$B!J(Bplain-tex$B!K%b!<%I$rA*Br$7$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$,H=CG$9$k$K==J,$G$J$1$l$P!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{tex-default-mode}$B$G;HMQ$9$k%b!<%I$r@)8f$7$^$9!#(B

@c   When @kbd{M-x tex-mode} does not guess right, you can use the commands
@c @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, and @kbd{M-x
@c slitex-mode} to select explicitly the particular variants of @TeX{}
@c mode.
@kbd{M-x tex-mode}$B$,E,@Z$J%b!<%I$r?dB,$G$-$J$+$C$?>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}$B!"(B@kbd{M-x latex-mode}$B!"(B
@kbd{M-x slitex-mode}$B$GL@<(E*$K(B@TeX{}$B$NJQ<o$rA*Br$G$-$^$9!#(B

@menu
* Editing: TeX Editing.   Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
* LaTeX: LaTeX Editing.   Additional commands for LaTeX input files.
* Printing: TeX Print.    Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
@end menu

@node TeX Editing
@c @subsection @TeX{} Editing Commands
@subsection @TeX{}$BJT=8%3%^%s%I(B

@c   Here are the special commands provided in @TeX{} mode for editing the
@c text of the file.
$B$3$3$G$O!"(B@TeX{}$B$NF~NO%U%!%$%k$N%F%-%9%H$rJT=8$9$k$?$a$K(B
@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$KMQ0U$7$F$"$kFCJL$J%3%^%s%I$K$D$$$F=R$Y$^$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item "
@c Insert, according to context, either @samp{``} or @samp{"} or
@c @samp{''} (@code{tex-insert-quote}).
$BJ8L.$K1~$8$F(B@samp{``}$B!"(B@samp{"}$B!"(B@samp{''}$B$rA^F~$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{tex-insert-quote}$B!K!#(B
@item C-j
@c Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous
@c paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs
@c (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}).
$BCJMn6h@Z$j!J6u9T$r(B2$B$D!K$rA^F~$7!"(B
$B$^$($NCJMn$NCf3g8L$d%I%k5-9f$NBP1~$r8!::$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}$B!K!#(B
@item M-x tex-validate-region
@c Check each paragraph in the region for unbalanced braces or dollar signs.
$B%j!<%8%g%sFb$N3FCJMn$KBP$7$F!"(B
$BCf3g8L$d%I%k5-9f$NBP1~$r8!::$9$k!#(B
@item C-c @{
@c Insert @samp{@{@}} and position point between them (@code{tex-insert-braces}).
@samp{@{@}}$B$rA^F~$7$F!"$=$N$"$$$@$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{tex-insert-braces}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c @}
@c Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (@code{up-list}).
$BBP1~$,<h$l$F$$$J$$$D$.$NJD$8Cf3g8L$N$"$H$K(B
$BA08~$-$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{up-list}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@findex tex-insert-quote
@c @kindex " @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex " @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   In @TeX{}, the character @samp{"} is not normally used; we use
@c @samp{``} to start a quotation and @samp{''} to end one.  To make
@c editing easier under this formatting convention, @TeX{} mode overrides
@c the normal meaning of the key @kbd{"} with a command that inserts a pair
@c of single-quotes or backquotes (@code{tex-insert-quote}).  To be
@c precise, this command inserts @samp{``} after whitespace or an open
@c brace, @samp{"} after a backslash, and @samp{''} after any other
@c character.
@TeX{}$B$G$O!"J8;z(B@samp{"}$B$O$^$:;H$$$^$;$s!#(B
$B0zMQ$r;O$a$k$K$O(B@samp{``}$B$r!"=*$k$K$O(B@samp{''}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$&$$$C$?%F%-%9%H@07A>e$N5,B'$N2<$GJT=8:n6H$r3Z$K$9$k$?$a$K!"(B
@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$G$O(B@samp{`}$B$H(B@samp{'}$B$rBP$GA^F~$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{tex-insert-quote}$B!K$h$&$K%-!<(B@kbd{"}$B$N0UL#$rJQ$($F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$h$j@53N$K$$$($P!"$3$N%3%^%s%I$OGrJ8;z$d3+$-Cf3g8L$N$"$H$G$O(B@samp{``}$B$r!"(B
$B%P%C%/%9%i%C%7%e$N$"$H$G$O(B@samp{"}$B$r!"(B
$B$3$l0J30$NJ8;z$N$"$H$G$O(B@samp{''}$B$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B

@c   If you need the character @samp{"} itself in unusual contexts, use
@c @kbd{C-q} to insert it.  Also, @kbd{"} with a numeric argument always
@c inserts that number of @samp{"} characters.  You can turn off the
@c feature of @kbd{"} expansion by eliminating that binding in the local
@c map (@pxref{Key Bindings}).
$BFCJL$JJ8L.$G(B@samp{"}$BJ8;z$,I,MW$G$"$l$P!"(B@kbd{C-q}$B$r;H$C$FA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"(B@samp{"}$B$K?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"$=$N8D?tJ,$N(B@samp{"}$B$rF~NO$7$^$9!#(B
$B%m!<%+%k%^%C%W$+$i%P%$%s%G%#%s%0!J(B@pxref{Key Bindings}$B!K$r<h$j=|$1$P!"(B
@samp{"}$B$rE83+$9$k5!G=$r%*%U$K$G$-$^$9!#(B

@c   In @TeX{} mode, @samp{$} has a special syntax code which attempts to
@c understand the way @TeX{} math mode delimiters match.  When you insert a
@c @samp{$} that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching
@c @samp{$} that entered math mode is displayed for a second.  This is the
@c same feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that
@c is inserted.  However, there is no way to tell whether a @samp{$} enters
@c math mode or leaves it; so when you insert a @samp{$} that enters math
@c mode, the previous @samp{$} position is shown as if it were a match, even
@c though they are actually unrelated.
@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$G$O!"(B@samp{$}$B$K$O(B@TeX{}$B$N?t<0%b!<%I$N6h@Z$j$NBP1~$r3NG'$9$k(B
$B$?$a$NFCJL$J9=J8%3!<%I$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B?t<0%b!<%I=*N;$r0UL#$9$k(B@samp{$}$B$rA^F~$9$k$H!"(B
$B$=$l$KBP1~$7$??t<0%b!<%I3+;O$N(B@samp{$}$B$r(B1$BIC4V$[$II=<($7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"JD$8Cf3g8L$rA^F~$9$k$H!"(B
$B$=$l$KBP1~$9$k3+$-Cf3g8L$rI=<($9$k5!G=$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"(B@samp{$}$B$,?t<0%b!<%I$r3+;O$9$k$b$N$+=*N;$9$k$b$N$+$r(B
$BCN$kJ}K!$,$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"?t<0%b!<%I3+;O$N(B@samp{$}$B$rA^F~$7$F$b!"(B
$B$?$H$(<B:]$K$OL54X78$G$"$C$F$b!"(B
$B$^$($K$"$k(B@samp{$}$B$,BP1~$7$F$$$k$+$N$h$&$KI=<($5$l$F$7$^$$$^$9!#(B

@findex tex-insert-braces
@c @kindex C-c @{ @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c @{ @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex up-list
@c @kindex C-c @} @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c @} @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   @TeX{} uses braces as delimiters that must match.  Some users prefer
@c to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them
@c singly.  Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of
@c braces.  It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the
@c text that belongs inside.  Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}}
@c (@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace.
@TeX{}$B$O!"Cf3g8L$rI,$:BP1~$,<h$l$F$$$k6h@Z$j$H$7$F;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B%f!<%6!<$NCf$K$O!"Cf3g8L$rJL!9$KF~NO$9$k$h$j$b!"(B
$B$D$M$KBP1~$,<h$l$F$$$kCf3g8L$NF~NO$r9%$`?M$b$$$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c @{}$B!J(B@code{tex-insert-braces}$B!K$HBG$F$PCf3g8L$NBP$rA^F~$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$5$i$K!"%]%$%s%H$,$=$l$i$N$"$$$@$KCV$+$l$k$N$G!"(B
$BCf3g8L$NFbB&$K%F%-%9%H$rA^F~$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$"$H$K!"%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-c @}}$B!J(B@code{up-list}$B!K$r;H$C$F!"(B
$BJD$8Cf3g8L$N$&$7$m$K0\F0$7$^$9!#(B

@findex tex-validate-region
@findex tex-terminate-paragraph
@c @kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-j @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   There are two commands for checking the matching of braces.  @kbd{C-j}
@c (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and
@c inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph.  It prints a message in
@c the echo area if any mismatch is found.  @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region}
@c checks a region, paragraph by paragraph.  The errors are listed in the
@c @samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in
@c that buffer to go to a particular mismatch.
$BCf3g8L$NBP1~$rD4$Y$k%3%^%s%I$O(B2$B$D$"$j$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-j}$B!J(B@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$ND>A0$NCJMn$r8!::$7$F$+$i!"?7$?$JCJMn$r;O$a$k6u9T$r(B2$B$DA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$BBP1~$7$F$$$J$$Cf3g8L$,$"$l$P!"%(%3!<NN0h$K%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B
@kbd{M-x tex-validate-region}$B$O!"%j!<%8%g%s$NCJMn$r(B1$B$D(B1$B$D8!::$7$^$9!#(B
$B%(%i!<$O%P%C%U%!(B@samp{*Occur*}$B$KI=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%P%C%U%!$G(B@kbd{C-c C-c}$B$d(B@kbd{Mouse-2}$B$r;H$($P!"(B
$BFCDj$NHsBP1~2U=j$X0\F0$G$-$^$9!#(B

@c   Note that Emacs commands count square brackets and parentheses in
@c @TeX{} mode, not just braces.  This is not strictly correct for the
@c purpose of checking @TeX{} syntax.  However, parentheses and square
@c brackets are likely to be used in text as matching delimiters and it is
@c useful for the various motion commands and automatic match display to
@c work with them.
@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$G$O!"(BEmacs$B%3%^%s%I$OCf3g8L$@$1$G$J$/!"(B
$B3g8L!J(B@samp{()}$B!K$d3Q3g8L!J(B@samp{[]}$B!K$b?t$($F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"(B@TeX{}$B$N9=J8$r8!::$9$kL\E*$+$i$$$($P!"87L)$K$O@5$7$/$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"3g8L$d3Q3g8L$O%F%-%9%HFb$GBP1~$9$k6h@Z$j$H$7$F$h$/;H$o$l$^$9$7!"(B
$B3F<o$N0\F0%3%^%s%I$dBP1~4X78$r<+F0I=<($9$k%3%^%s%I$,(B
$B$=$l$i$r07$($k$HJXMx$G$9!#(B

@node LaTeX Editing
@c @subsection La@TeX{} Editing Commands
@subsection La@TeX{}$BJT=8%3%^%s%I(B

@c   La@TeX{} mode, and its variant, Sli@TeX{} mode, provide a few extra
@c features not applicable to plain @TeX{}.
La@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$H!"$=$NJQ<o$N(BSli@TeX{} $B%b!<%I$K$O!"(B
$B%W%l%$%s(B@TeX{}$B!J(Bplain-tex$B!K$G$OMxMQ$G$-$J$$FCJL$J5!G=$,$$$/$D$+$"$j$^$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item C-c C-o
@c Insert @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} for La@TeX{} block and position
@c point on a line between them (@code{tex-latex-block}).
La@TeX{}$B$N%V%m%C%/$rI=$9(B@samp{\begin}$B$H(B@samp{\end}$B$rA^F~$7!"(B
$B$=$l$i$N$"$$$@$K%]%$%s%H$rCV$/!J(B@code{tex-latex-block}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-e
@c Close the innermost La@TeX{} block not yet closed
@c (@code{tex-close-latex-block}).
$B$^$@JD$8$F$$$J$$$b$C$H$bFbB&$N(BLa@TeX{}$B$N%V%m%C%/$rJD$8$k(B
$B!J(B@code{tex-close-latex-block}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@findex tex-latex-block
@c @kindex C-c C-o @r{(La@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-o @r{$B!J(BLa@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@vindex latex-block-names
@c   In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands are used to
@c group blocks of text.  To insert a @samp{\begin} and a matching
@c @samp{\end} (on a new line following the @samp{\begin}), use @kbd{C-c
@c C-o} (@code{tex-latex-block}).  A blank line is inserted between the
@c two, and point is left there.  You can use completion when you enter the
@c block type; to specify additional block type names beyond the standard
@c list, set the variable @code{latex-block-names}.  For example, here's
@c how to add @samp{theorem}, @samp{corollary}, and @samp{proof}:
La@TeX{}$B$NF~NO$G$O!"(B@samp{\begin}$B$H(B@samp{\end}$B$,%F%-%9%H$N%V%m%C%/$r(B
$B%0%k!<%W2=$9$k$?$a$K;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
@samp{\begin}$B$HBP1~$9$k(B@samp{\end}$B$r!J(B@samp{\begin}$B$N$D$.$N?7$7$$9T$K!K(B
$BA^F~$9$k$K$O!"(B@kbd{C-c C-o}$B!J(B@code{tex-latex-block}$B!K$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$i$N$"$$$@$K$O6u9T$,A^F~$5$l$F%]%$%s%H$b$=$3$KCV$+$l$^$9!#(B
$B%V%m%C%/$N<oN`$rF~NO$9$k$H$-$K$O!"Jd40$r;H$($^$9!#(B
$BI8=`$N%j%9%H$K4^$^$l$J$$%V%m%C%/L>$r;H$&>l9g$K$O!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{latex-block-names}$B$K@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B$D$.$NNc$O!"(B@samp{theorem}$B!"(B@samp{corollary}$B!"(B@samp{proof}$B$rDI2C$9$k$b$N$G$9!#(B

@example
(setq latex-block-names '("theorem" "corollary" "proof"))
@end example

@findex tex-close-latex-block
@c @kindex C-c C-e @r{(La@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-e @r{$B!J(BLa@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands must
@c balance.  You can use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{tex-close-latex-block}) to
@c insert automatically a matching @samp{\end} to match the last unmatched
@c @samp{\begin}.  It indents the @samp{\end} to match the corresponding
@c @samp{\begin}.  It inserts a newline after @samp{\end} if point is at
@c the beginning of a line.
La@TeX{}$B$NF~NO$G$O!"(B
@samp{\begin}$B$H(B@samp{\end}$B$OBP1~$,<h$l$F$$$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-e}$B!J(B@code{tex-close-latex-block}$B!K$r;H$&$H!"(B
$BBP1~$,<h$l$F$$$J$$:G8e$N(B@samp{\begin}$B$KBP1~$9$k(B@samp{\end}$B$r(B
$B<+F0E*$KA^F~$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"BP1~$9$k(B@samp{\begin}$B$HF1$8;z2<$2$r(B@samp{\end}$B$K$b;\$7$^$9!#(B
$B%]%$%s%H$,9TF,$K$"$C$?$H$-$K$O!"(B@samp{\end}$B$N$&$7$m$G2~9T$7$^$9!#(B

@node TeX Print
@c @subsection @TeX{} Printing Commands
@subsection @TeX{}$B0u:~%3%^%s%I(B

@c   You can invoke @TeX{} as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire
@c contents of the buffer or just a region at a time.  Running @TeX{} in
@c this way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes
@c look like without taking the time to format the entire file.
$B%P%C%U%!A4BN$"$k$$$O0lIt$N%F%-%9%H$KBP$7$F!"(B
Emacs$B$N2<0L%W%m%;%9$H$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$G$-$^$9!#(B
$BFCDj$N>O$@$1$KBP$7$F$3$N$h$&$K(B@TeX{}$B$r<B9T$9$k$N$O!"(B
$B%U%!%$%kA4BN$N@6=q$K;~4V$rHq$9$3$H$J$/!"(B
$BJQ99ItJ,$N8+$(J}$r3NG'$9$k$h$$J}K!$G$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@item C-c C-r
@c Invoke @TeX{} on the current region, together with the buffer's header
@c (@code{tex-region}).
$B%P%C%U%!$N%X%C%@$H$H$b$K!"(B
$B%+%l%s%H%j!<%8%g%s$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$9$k!J(B@code{tex-region}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-b
@c Invoke @TeX{} on the entire current buffer (@code{tex-buffer}).
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!A4BN$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$9$k!J(B@code{tex-buffer}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c @key{TAB}
@c Invoke Bib@TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-bibtex-file}).
$B8=:_$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(BBib@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$9$k!J(B@code{tex-bibtex-file}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-f
@c Invoke @TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-file}).
$B8=:_$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$9$k!J(B@code{tex-file}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-l
@c Recenter the window showing output from the inferior @TeX{} so that
@c the last line can be seen (@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}).
$B2<0L%W%m%;%9$G$"$k(B@TeX{}$B$N=PNO$rI=<($7$?%&%#%s%I%&$r%9%/%m!<%k$7$F!"(B
$B=PNO9T$N:G8e$,8+$($k$h$&$K$9$k!J(B@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-k
@c Kill the @TeX{} subprocess (@code{tex-kill-job}).
@TeX{}$B$N%5%V%W%m%;%9$r=*N;$5$;$k!J(B@code{tex-kill-job}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-p
@c Print the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c
@c C-f} command (@code{tex-print}).
$B:G8e$K<B9T$7$?(B@kbd{C-c C-r}$B!"(B@kbd{C-c C-b}$B!"(B@kbd{C-c C-f}$B$N=PNO$r0u:~$9$k!#(B
$B!J(B@code{tex-print}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-v
@c Preview the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c
@c C-f} command (@code{tex-view}).
$B:G8e$K<B9T$7$?(B@kbd{C-c C-r}$B!"(B@kbd{C-c C-b}$B!"(B@kbd{C-c C-f}$B$N=PNO$r(B
$B%W%l%S%e!<$9$k!J(B@code{tex-view}$B!K!#(B
@item C-c C-q
@c Show the printer queue (@code{tex-show-print-queue}).
$B%W%j%s%?%-%e!<$rI=<($9$k!J(B@code{tex-show-print-queue}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@findex tex-buffer
@c @kindex C-c C-b @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-b @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex tex-print
@c @kindex C-c C-p @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-p @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex tex-view
@c @kindex C-c C-v @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-v @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex tex-show-print-queue
@c @kindex C-c C-q @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-q @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   You can pass the current buffer through an inferior @TeX{} by means of
@c @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{tex-buffer}).  The formatted output appears in a
@c temporary file; to print it, type @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{tex-print}).
@c Afterward, you can use @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{tex-show-print-queue}) to
@c view the progress of your output towards being printed.  If your terminal
@c has the ability to display @TeX{} output files, you can preview the
@c output on the terminal with @kbd{C-c C-v} (@code{tex-view}).
@kbd{C-c C-b}$B!J(B@code{tex-buffer}$B!K$r;H$($P!"(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$NFbMF$r2<0L$N(B@TeX{}$B$KEO$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B@6=q7k2L$O0l;~%U%!%$%k$K=PNO$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$r0u:~$9$k$K$O!"(B@kbd{C-c C-p}$B!J(B@code{tex-print}$B!K$HBG$A$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$"$H$G!"0u:~$N?JD=>u67$r3NG'$9$k$K$O(B
@kbd{C-c C-q}$B!J(B@code{tex-show-print-queue}$B!K$rMxMQ$G$-$^$9!#(B
@TeX{}$B$N=PNO%U%!%$%k$rI=<($9$k5!G=$r;}$C$?C<Kv$,$"$l$P!"(B
@kbd{C-c C-v}$B!J(B@code{tex-view}$B!K$G%W%l%S%e!<$G$-$^$9!#(B

@c @cindex @code{TEXINPUTS} environment variable
@cindex $B4D6-JQ?t(B@code{TEXINPUTS}
@cindex @code{TEXINPUTS}$B!J4D6-JQ?t!K(B
@vindex tex-directory
@c   You can specify the directory to use for running @TeX{} by setting the
@c variable @code{tex-directory}.  @code{"."} is the default value.  If
@c your environment variable @code{TEXINPUTS} contains relative directory
@c names, or if your files contains @samp{\input} commands with relative
@c file names, then @code{tex-directory} @emph{must} be @code{"."} or you
@c will get the wrong results.  Otherwise, it is safe to specify some other
@c directory, such as @code{"/tmp"}.
@TeX{}$B$,<B9T;~$K;H$&%G%#%l%/%H%j$r;XDj$9$k$K$O!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{tex-directory}$B$K@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
$B%G%U%)%k%H$NCM$O(B@code{"."}$B$G$9!#(B
$B4D6-JQ?t(B@code{TEXINPUTS}$B$KAjBPE*$J%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$,F~$C$F$$$?$j!"(B
@TeX{}$B$N(B@samp{\input}$B%3%^%s%I$KAjBPE*$J%U%!%$%kL>$r;XDj$7$F$"$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
@code{tex-directory}$B$O(B@code{"."}$B$G$"$k(B@emph{$BI,MW(B}$B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$5$b$J$$$H!"8m$C$?7k2L$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
$B$=$&$$$C$?>u67$G$J$1$l$P!"(B@code{"/tmp"}$B$N$h$&$J!"(B
$BB>$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$r@_Dj$7$F$b0BA4$G$9!#(B

@vindex tex-run-command
@vindex latex-run-command
@vindex slitex-run-command
@vindex tex-dvi-print-command
@vindex tex-dvi-view-command
@vindex tex-show-queue-command
@c   If you want to specify which shell commands are used in the inferior @TeX{},
@c you can do so by setting the values of the variables @code{tex-run-command},
@c @code{latex-run-command}, @code{slitex-run-command},
@c @code{tex-dvi-print-command}, @code{tex-dvi-view-command}, and
@c @code{tex-show-queue-command}.  You @emph{must} set the value of
@c @code{tex-dvi-view-command} for your particular terminal; this variable
@c has no default value.  The other variables have default values that may
@c (or may not) be appropriate for your system.
$B2<0L$N(B@TeX{}$B$r5/F0$9$k$?$a$K;H$&%3%^%s%I$r;XDj$7$?$1$l$P!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{tex-run-command}$B!"(B@code{latex-run-command}$B!"(B
@code{slitex-run-command}$B!"(B@code{tex-dvi-print-command}$B!"(B
@code{tex-dvi-view-command}$B!"(B@code{tex-show-queue-command}$B$K(B
$B$=$l$>$lCM$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B
@code{tex-dvi-view-command}$B$K$O%G%U%)%k%HCM$,$J$$$N$G!"(B
$B;HMQ$9$kC<Kv$K$"$o$;$?CM$r@_Dj$9$k(B@emph{$BI,MW(B}$B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l0J30$NJQ?t$K$O!";HMQ$9$k%7%9%F%`$KE,@Z$H;W$o$l$k(B
$B!J$=$&$G$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$$,!K%G%U%)%k%HCM$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B

@c   Normally, the file name given to these commands comes at the end of
@c the command string; for example, @samp{latex @var{filename}}.  In some
@c cases, however, the file name needs to be embedded in the command; an
@c example is when you need to provide the file name as an argument to one
@c command whose output is piped to another.  You can specify where to put
@c the file name with @samp{*} in the command string.  For example,
$BDL>o$O!"$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$KM?$($k%U%!%$%kL>$O%3%^%s%IJ8;zNs$N:G8e$K$-$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"(B@samp{latex @var{filename}}$B$G$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"$H$-$K$O%3%^%s%I$NESCf$K%U%!%$%kL>$rKd$a9~$`I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"%Q%$%W$r2p$7$F=PNO$rB>$N%3%^%s%I$KEO$9$h$&$J%3%^%s%I$N0z?t$K(B
$B%U%!%$%kL>$r;XDj$9$k>l9g$G$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%kL>$rCV$/2U=j$O!"%3%^%s%IJ8;zNsCf$N(B@samp{*}$B$G;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"0J2<$N$h$&$K@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@example
(setq tex-dvi-print-command "dvips -f * | lpr")
@end example

@findex tex-kill-job
@c @kindex C-c C-k @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-k @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex tex-recenter-output-buffer
@c @kindex C-c C-l @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-l @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   The terminal output from @TeX{}, including any error messages, appears
@c in a buffer called @samp{*tex-shell*}.  If @TeX{} gets an error, you can
@c switch to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode;
@c @pxref{Interactive Shell}).  Without switching to this buffer you can
@c scroll it so that its last line is visible by typing @kbd{C-c
@c C-l}.
$B%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$r4^$a$?(B@TeX{}$B$+$i$NC<Kv=PNO$O!"(B
@samp{*tex-shell*}$B$H8F$P$l$k%P%C%U%!$K$9$Y$F8=$l$^$9!#(B
@TeX{}$B$,%(%i!<$rJs9p$7$?>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B$3$N%P%C%U%!$K@Z$jBX$($l$PE,@Z$JF~NO$rM?$($k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9(B
$B!J$3$l$O%7%'%k!J(Bshell$B!K%b!<%I$HF1MM$KF0:n$9$k!#(B@pxref{Interactive Shell}$B!K!#(B
$B$3$N%P%C%U%!$K@Z$jBX$($J$/$F$b(B@kbd{C-c C-l}$B$HBG$F$P!"(B
$B%P%C%U%!$N:G8e$N9T$,I=<($5$l$k$h$&$K%9%/%m!<%k$G$-$^$9!#(B

@c   Type @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{tex-kill-job}) to kill the @TeX{} process if
@c you see that its output is no longer useful.  Using @kbd{C-c C-b} or
@c @kbd{C-c C-r} also kills any @TeX{} process still running.@refill
@TeX{}$B$N=PNO$,ITMW$H$J$C$?$i!"(B@TeX{}$B%W%m%;%9$r=*N;$5$;$k$?$a$K(B
@kbd{C-c C-k}$B!J(B@code{tex-kill-job}$B!K$HBG$A$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-c C-b}$B$d(B@kbd{C-c C-r}$B$r;H$C$F$b!"(B
$BF0:nCf$N(B@TeX{}$B%W%m%;%9$r=*N;$G$-$^$9!#(B

@findex tex-region
@c @kindex C-c C-r @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-r @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   You can also pass an arbitrary region through an inferior @TeX{} by typing
@c @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{tex-region}).  This is tricky, however, because most files
@c of @TeX{} input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and
@c define macros, without which no later part of the file will format
@c correctly.  To solve this problem, @kbd{C-c C-r} allows you to designate a
@c part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included before
@c the specified region as part of the input to @TeX{}.  The designated part
@c of the file is called the @dfn{header}.
@kbd{C-c C-r}$B!J(B@code{tex-region}$B!K$HBG$F$P!"(B
$BG$0U$N%j!<%8%g%s$r2<0L$N(B@TeX{}$B$KEO$;$^$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"$3$l$K$O>/!99*L/$J<j8}$rI,MW$H$7$^$9!#(B
$B$H$$$&$N$O!"$?$$$F$$$N>l9g!"(B@TeX{}$B$NF~NO%U%!%$%k$N@hF,ItJ,$K$O(B
$B%Q%i%a!<%?$N@_Dj$d%^%/%mDj5A$,$"$j!"$=$l$i$,$J$$$H;D$j$NItJ,$r@5$7$/(B
$B@6=q$G$-$J$$$+$i$G$9!#(B
$B$3$NLdBj$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$K!"(B@kbd{C-c C-r}$B$G$O(B
$B%U%!%$%k$NCf$GI,?\$N@07A%3%^%s%I$r4^$s$G$$$kItJ,$r;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%j!<%8%g%s$N$^$($K$=$NItJ,$r2C$($F(B@TeX{}$B$X$NF~NO$H$7$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%kCf$NI,?\$G$"$k$H;XDj$5$l$?ItJ,$r(B@dfn{$B%X%C%@(B}$B$H8F$S$^$9!#(B

@c @cindex header (@TeX{} mode)
@cindex $B%X%C%@!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B
@c   To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain @TeX{} mode, you insert two
@c special strings in the file.  Insert @samp{%**start of header} before the
@c header, and @samp{%**end of header} after it.  Each string must appear
@c entirely on one line, but there may be other text on the line before or
@c after.  The lines containing the two strings are included in the header.
@c If @samp{%**start of header} does not appear within the first 100 lines of
@c the buffer, @kbd{C-c C-r} assumes that there is no header.
$B%W%l%$%s(B@TeX{}$B!J(Bplain-tex$B!K%b!<%I$G%X%C%@$N6-3&$r<($9$K$O!"(B
$B%U%!%$%k$K(B2$B$D$NFCJL$JJ8;zNs$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B%X%C%@$ND>A0$K(B@samp{%**start of header}$B$r!"(B
$B%X%C%@$ND>8e$K(B@samp{%**end of header}$B$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B$I$A$i$NJ8;zNs$b(B2$B9T$K$^$?$,$C$F$O$$$1$^$;$s$,!"(B
$BA08e$KJL$N%F%-%9%H$,$"$C$F$b$+$^$$$^$;$s!#(B
$B$3$l$i$NJ8;zNs$r;}$D9T$b%X%C%@$K4^$^$l$^$9!#(B
$B%P%C%U%!$N@hF,$+$i(B100$B9T0JFb$K(B@samp{%**start of header}$B$,8=$l$J$1$l$P!"(B
@kbd{C-c C-r}$B$O%X%C%@$,$J$$$H2>Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@c   In La@TeX{} mode, the header begins with @samp{\documentstyle} and ends
@c with @samp{\begin@{document@}}.  These are commands that La@TeX{} requires
@c you to use in any case, so nothing special needs to be done to identify the
@c header.
La@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$G$O!"(B@samp{\documentstyle}$B$G;O$^$j(B
@samp{\begin@{document@}}$B$G=*$o$kItJ,$,%X%C%@$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$O!"$$$+$J$k>l9g$G$b(BLa@TeX{}$B$,MW5a$9$k%3%^%s%I$J$N$G!"(B
$B%X%C%@$rG'<1$9$k$?$a$KFCJL$J$3$H$r$9$kI,MW$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

@findex tex-file
@c @kindex C-c C-f @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c C-f @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@c   The commands (@code{tex-buffer}) and (@code{tex-region}) do all of their
@c work in a temporary directory, and do not have available any of the auxiliary
@c files needed by @TeX{} for cross-references; these commands are generally
@c not suitable for running the final copy in which all of the cross-references
@c need to be correct.
$B%3%^%s%I(B@code{tex-buffer}$B$H(B@code{tex-region}$B$O!"(B
$B0l;~E*$J%G%#%l%/%H%j>e$G$9$Y$F$N:n6H$r9T$&$N$G!"(B
$BAj8_;2>H$N$?$a$K(B@TeX{}$B$,I,MW$H$9$kJd=u%U%!%$%k$r;HMQ$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
$B0lHL$K!"$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$O!"Aj8_;2>H$,$9$Y$F@5$7$$I,MW$,$"$k(B
$B:G=*E*$J869F$N:n@.$K$OE,$7$F$$$^$;$s!#(B

@c   When you want the auxiliary files for cross references, use @kbd{C-c
@c C-f} (@code{tex-file}) which runs @TeX{} on the current buffer's file,
@c in that file's directory.  Before running @TeX{}, it offers to save any
@c modified buffers.  Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to
@c get the cross-references right.
$BAj8_;2>H$N$?$a$NJd=u%U%!%$%k$rI,MW$H$9$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$N%U%!%$%k$rF~NO$H$7$F!"$=$N%U%!%$%k$rCV$$$?%G%#%l%/%H%j$G(B
@TeX{}$B$r<B9T$9$k(B@kbd{C-c C-f}$B!J(B@code{tex-file}$B!K$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
@TeX{}$B$r<B9T$9$k$^$($K!"JQ99$7$?$9$Y$F$N%P%C%U%!$rJ]B8$9$k$+?R$M$F$-$^$9!#(B
$B0lHL$K$O!"@5$7$$Aj8_;2>H$rF@$k$?$a$K$O!"(B
@code{tex-file}$B$r(B2$BEY<B9T$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@vindex tex-start-options-string
@c   The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options-string} specifies
@c options for the @TeX{} run.  The default value causes @TeX{} to run in
@c nonstopmode.  To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to @code{""}.
$BJQ?t(B@code{tex-start-options-string}$B$NCM$O!"(B
@TeX{}$B$N<B9T$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B
$B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O!"(B@TeX{}$B$r%P%C%A%b!<%I$G<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
@TeX{}$B$rBPOCE*$K<B9T$9$k$K$O!"JQ?t$K(B@code{""}$B$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@vindex tex-main-file
@c   Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main
@c file, plus subfiles.  Running @TeX{} on a subfile typically does not
@c work; you have to run it on the main file.  In order to make
@c @code{tex-file} useful when you are editing a subfile, you can set the
@c variable @code{tex-main-file} to the name of the main file.  Then
@c @code{tex-file} runs @TeX{} on that file.
$B5pBg$J(B@TeX{}$BJ8=q$O!"J#?t$N%U%!%$%k!"$D$^$j!"(B1$B$D$N%a%$%s%U%!%$%k$H(B
$B%5%V%U%!%$%k$H$KJ,3d$5$l$k$3$H$,$h$/$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%5%V%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r<B9T$7$F$b!"$&$^$/$$$/$3$H$O$^$:$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B%a%$%s%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r<B9T$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%5%V%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$9$k>l9g$G$b(B@code{tex-file}$B$r;H$($k$h$&$K!"(B
$B%a%$%s%U%!%$%k$NL>A0$rJQ?t(B@code{tex-main-file}$B$K@_Dj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$=$&$9$k$H(B@code{tex-file}$B$O$=$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(B@TeX{}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B

@c   The most convenient way to use @code{tex-main-file} is to specify it
@c in a local variable list in each of the subfiles.  @xref{File
@c Variables}.
@code{tex-main-file}$B$N$b$C$H$bJXMx$J;H$$J}$O!"(B
$B3F%5%V%U%!%$%k$N%m!<%+%kJQ?t%j%9%H$G;XDj$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
@xref{File Variables}$B!#(B

@findex tex-bibtex-file
@c @kindex C-c TAB @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
@kindex C-c TAB @r{$B!J(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@vindex tex-bibtex-command
@c   For La@TeX{} files, you can use Bib@TeX{} to process the auxiliary
@c file for the current buffer's file.  Bib@TeX{} looks up bibliographic
@c citations in a data base and prepares the cited references for the
@c bibliography section.  The command @kbd{C-c TAB}
@c (@code{tex-bibtex-file}) runs the shell command
@c (@code{tex-bibtex-command}) to produce a @samp{.bbl} file for the
@c current buffer's file.  Generally, you need to do @kbd{C-c C-f}
@c (@code{tex-file}) once to generate the @samp{.aux} file, then do
@c @kbd{C-c TAB} (@code{tex-bibtex-file}), and then repeat @kbd{C-c C-f}
@c (@code{tex-file}) twice more to get the cross-references correct.
La@TeX{}$BMQ%U%!%$%k$G$"$l$P!"(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$9$kJd=u%U%!%$%k$r=hM}$9$k$?$a$K(B
Bib@TeX{}$B$r;H$($^$9!#(B
Bib@TeX{}$B$O!";29MJ88%$r%G!<%?%Y!<%9$GD4$Y$F!"(B
$B;29MJ88%$N@a$N$?$a$NJ88%%j%9%H$r=`Hw$7$^$9!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{C-c TAB}$B!J(B@code{tex-bibtex-file}$B!K$O!"(B
$B%+%l%s%H%P%C%U%!$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$9$k(B@samp{.bbl}$B%U%!%$%k$r(B
$B@8@.$9$k$?$a$N%7%'%k%3%^%s%I!J(B@code{tex-bibtex-command}$B!K$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$BDL>o$O!"$^$:(B@samp{.aux}$B%U%!%$%k$r:n$k$?$a$K(B
@kbd{C-c C-f}$B!J(B@code{tex-file}$B!K$r0lEY<B9T$7$F$+$i!"(B
$B$D$.$K(B@kbd{C-c TAB}$B!J(B@code{tex-bibtex-file}$B!K$r<B9T$7!"(B
$B@5$7$$Aj8_;2>H$rF@$k$?$a$K(B@kbd{C-c C-f}$B!J(B@code{tex-file}$B!K$r(B
$B$5$i$K(B2$B2s<B9T$7$^$9!#(B

@vindex tex-shell-hook
@vindex tex-mode-hook
@vindex latex-mode-hook
@vindex slitex-mode-hook
@vindex plain-tex-mode-hook
@c   Entering any kind of @TeX{} mode runs the hooks @code{text-mode-hook}
@c and @code{tex-mode-hook}.  Then it runs either
@c @code{plain-tex-mode-hook} or @code{latex-mode-hook}, whichever is
@c appropriate.  For Sli@TeX{} files, it calls @code{slitex-mode-hook}.
@c Starting the @TeX{} shell runs the hook @code{tex-shell-hook}.
@c @xref{Hooks}.
$B$I$N(B@TeX{}$B%b!<%I$KF~$C$F$b!"(B
$B%U%C%/(B@code{text-mode-hook}$B$H(B@code{tex-mode-hook}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$"$H$G!"(B
@code{plain-tex-mode-hook}$B$+(B@code{latex-mode-hook}$B$NE,@Z$J%U%C%/$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
Sli@TeX{}$B%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F$O!"(B@code{slitex-mode-hook}$B$r8F$S$^$9!#(B
@TeX{}$BMQ$N%7%'%k$N3+;O;~$K$O!"%U%C%/(B@code{tex-shell-hook}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Hooks}$B!#(B

@node Nroff Mode
@c @section Nroff Mode
@section nroff$B%b!<%I(B

@cindex nroff
@findex nroff-mode
@c   Nroff mode is a mode like Text mode but modified to handle nroff commands
@c present in the text.  Invoke @kbd{M-x nroff-mode} to enter this mode.  It
@c differs from Text mode in only a few ways.  All nroff command lines are
@c considered paragraph separators, so that filling will never garble the
@c nroff commands.  Pages are separated by @samp{.bp} commands.  Comments
@c start with backslash-doublequote.  Also, three special commands are
@c provided that are not in Text mode:
nroff$B%b!<%I$O%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$K;w$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
$B%F%-%9%HCf$N(Bnroff$B%3%^%s%I$r07$($k$h$&$KJQ99$7$F$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$KF~$k$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-x nroff-mode}$B$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$B%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$H$O!"(B2$B!"(B3$B$NE@$G0[$J$k$@$1$G$9!#(B
nroff$B%3%^%s%I$r4^$s$@9T$O!"$9$Y$FCJMn6h@Z$j$H$_$J$9$N$G!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_$K$h$C$F(Bnroff$B%3%^%s%I$,K\J8$K:.$6$C$F$7$^$&$3$H$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B%Z!<%8$O(B@samp{.bp}$B%3%^%s%I$GJ,3d$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B%3%a%s%H$O(B@samp{.\"}$B$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$K$O$J$$!"$D$.$N(B3$B$D$NFCJL$J%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@findex forward-text-line
@findex backward-text-line
@findex count-text-lines
@c @kindex M-n @r{(Nroff mode)}
@c @kindex M-p @r{(Nroff mode)}
@c @kindex M-? @r{(Nroff mode)}
@kindex M-n @r{$B!J(Bnroff$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex M-p @r{$B!J(Bnroff$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex M-? @r{$B!J(Bnroff$B%b!<%I!K(B}
@table @kbd
@item M-n
@c Move to the beginning of the next line that isn't an nroff command
@c (@code{forward-text-line}).  An argument is a repeat count.
nroff$B%3%^%s%I$G$O$J$$$D$.$N9T$N@hF,$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{forward-text-line}$B!K!#(B
$B0z?t$OH?I|2s?t!#(B
@item M-p
@c Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}).
@kbd{M-n}$B$HF1MM$@$,!"$^$($N9T$K0\F0$9$k!J(B@code{backward-text-line}$B!K!#(B
@item M-?
@c Prints in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not
@c nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}).
$B%j!<%8%g%sCf$N%F%-%9%H!J(Bnroff$B%3%^%s%I0J30!K$N9T?t$r%(%3!<NN0h$KI=<($9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{count-text-lines}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@findex electric-nroff-mode
@c   The other feature of Nroff mode is that you can turn on Electric Nroff
@c mode.  This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with @kbd{M-x
@c electric-nroff-mode} (@pxref{Minor Modes}).  When the mode is on, each
@c time you use @key{RET} to end a line that contains an nroff command that
@c opens a kind of grouping, the matching nroff command to close that
@c grouping is automatically inserted on the following line.  For example,
@c if you are at the beginning of a line and type @kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}},
@c this inserts the matching command @samp{.)b} on a new line following
@c point.
nroff$B%b!<%I$NB>$N5!G=$H$7$F$O!"%(%l%/%H%j%C%/(Bnroff$B!J(Belectric-nroff$B!K%b!<%I$,(B
$B$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O(B@kbd{M-x electric-nroff-mode}$B$G%*%s!?%*%U$G$-$k%^%$%J%b!<%I$G$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Minor Modes}$B!K!#(B
$B$3$N%b!<%I$,%*%s$N$H$-!"(B
$B%0%k!<%W$r;O$a$k(Bnroff$B%3%^%s%I$r4^$`9T$r=*$($k$?$a$K(B@key{RET}
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![<B:]$K$O(B@kbd{C-j}$B!#(B}$B$rBG$D$?$S$K!"(B
$B$=$N%0%k!<%W$r=*$($kBP1~$7$?(Bnroff$B%3%^%s%I$r<+F0E*$K$D$.$N9T$KA^F~$7$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"9TF,$G(B@kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}}$B$HBG$D$H!"(B
$B%]%$%s%H$N$&$7$m$K?7$?$J9T$H$7$FBP1~$9$k(Bnroff$B%3%^%s%I(B@samp{.)b}$B$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B

@c   If you use Outline minor mode with Nroff mode (@pxref{Outline Mode}),
@c heading lines are lines of the form @samp{.H} followed by a number (the
@c header level).
nroff$B%b!<%I$H0l=o$K%"%&%H%i%$%s%^%$%J!J(Boutline-minor$B!K%b!<%I(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Outline Mode}$B!K$r;HMQ$9$k$H!"(B
$B8+=P$79T$O(B@samp{.H}$B$N$"$H$K!J8+=P$7$N%l%Y%k$K$"$?$k!K?t;z$,B3$/7A$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

@vindex nroff-mode-hook
@c   Entering Nroff mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}, followed by
@c the hook @code{nroff-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
nroff$B%b!<%I$KF~$k$H!"%U%C%/(B@code{text-mode-hook}$B$KB3$$$F(B
$B%U%C%/(B@code{nroff-mode-hook}$B$,<B9T$5$l$^$9!J(B@pxref{Hooks}$B!K!#(B

@node Formatted Text
@c @section Editing Formatted Text
@section $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$NJT=8(B

@c @cindex Enriched mode
@c @cindex mode, Enriched
@c @cindex formatted text
@cindex $B%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!J(Benriched$B%b!<%I!K(B
@cindex enriched$B%b!<%I(B
@cindex $B%b!<%I!"(BEnriched
@cindex $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H(B
@cindex WYSIWYG
@c @cindex word processing
@cindex $BJ8=q=hM}(B
@c   @dfn{Enriched mode} is a minor mode for editing files that contain
@c formatted text in WYSIWYG fashion, as in a word processor.  Currently,
@c formatted text in Enriched mode can specify fonts, colors, underlining,
@c margins, and types of filling and justification.  In the future, we plan
@c to implement other formatting features as well.
@dfn{$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I(B}$B$O!"(B
$B%o!<%W%m$N$h$&$K(BWYSIWYG$BJ}<0$G!"(B
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$r4^$`%U%!%$%k$NJT=8$r9T$&$?$a$N%^%$%J%b!<%I$G$9!#(B
$B8=:_$N$H$3$m!"%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$N@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$K$O!"(B
$B%U%)%s%H!"I=<(?'!"2<@~!":81&C<!"5M$a9~$_$HI}B7$($N<oN`$r;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B>-MhE*$K$O!"$=$NB>$N@07A5!G=$b<BAu$7$h$&$H7W2h$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

@c   Enriched mode is a minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}).  Typically it is
@c used in conjunction with Text mode (@pxref{Text Mode}).  However, you
@c can also use it with other major modes such as Outline mode and
@c Paragraph-Indent Text mode.
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$O%^%$%J%b!<%I$G$9!J(B@pxref{Minor Modes}$B!K!#(B
$BDL>o$O!"%F%-%9%H!J(Btext$B!K%b!<%I$H0l=o$K;H$$$^$9!J(B@pxref{Text Mode}$B!K!#(B
$B$7$+$7$J$,$i!"%"%&%H%i%$%s!J(Boutline$B!K%b!<%I$d(B
$BCJMn;z2<$27?%F%-%9%H!J(Bparagraph-indent-text$B!K%b!<%I$N$h$&$J(B
$BB>$N%a%8%c!<%b!<%I$H0l=o$K;H$&$3$H$b2DG=$G$9!#(B

@c   Potentially, Emacs can store formatted text files in various file
@c formats.  Currently, only one format is implemented: @dfn{text/enriched}
@c format, which is defined by the MIME protocol.  @xref{Format
@c Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual},
@c for details of how Emacs recognizes and converts file formats.
Emacs$B$OG=NOE*$K$O@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$N%U%!%$%k$r$5$^$6$^$J%U%!%$%k7A<0$G(B
$B3JG<$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$9!#(B
$B8=:_$N$H$3$m$O!"(B1$B<oN`$N7A<0$N$_!"(B
$B$D$^$j!"(BMIME$B%W%m%H%3%k$GDj5A$5$l$?(B@dfn{text/enriched}$B7A<0$N$_$r(B
$B<BAu$7$F$"$j$^$9!#(B
Emacs$B$,$I$N$h$&$K%U%!%$%k$N7A<0$r<1JL$7JQ49$9$k$+$N>\:Y$K4X$7$F$O(B
@xref{Format Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}$B!#(B

@c   The Emacs distribution contains a formatted text file that can serve as
@c an example.  Its name is @file{etc/enriched.doc}.  It contains samples
@c illustrating all the features described in this section.  It also
@c contains a list of ideas for future enhancements.
Emacs$B$NG[I[$NCf$K$O!"<BNc$H$7$F@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k(B
@file{etc/enriched.doc}$B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$K$O!"K\@a$G@bL@$9$k$9$Y$F$N5!G=$N<BNc$,@9$j9~$^$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!">-Mh$N3HD%$K4X$9$k%"%$%G%"$b=R$Y$F$"$j$^$9!#(B

@menu
* Requesting Formatted Text::   Entering and exiting Enriched mode.
* Hard and Soft Newlines::      There are two different kinds of newlines.
* Editing Format Info::         How to edit text properties.
* Faces: Format Faces.          Bold, italic, underline, etc.
* Color: Format Colors.         Changing the color of text.
* Indent: Format Indentation.   Changing the left and right margins.
* Justification: Format Justification.
                                Centering, setting text flush with the 
                                  left or right margin, etc.
* Other: Format Properties.     The "special" text properties submenu.
* Forcing Enriched Mode::       How to force use of Enriched mode.
@end menu

@node Requesting Formatted Text
@c @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text
@subsection $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$NJT=8(B

@c   Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched format,
@c Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the file into
@c Emacs's own internal format (text properties), and turns on Enriched
@c mode.
text/enriched$B7A<0$G(BEmacs$B$,J]B8$7$?%U%!%$%k$rK,$l$k$H!"(B
Emacs$B$O<+F0E*$K%U%!%$%kCf$N@07A>pJs$r(BEmacs$B<+?H$NFbIt7A<0!J%F%-%9%HB0@-!K$K(B
$BJQ49$7!"%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$7$^$9!#(B

@findex enriched-mode
@c   To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent
@c file, then type @kbd{M-x enriched-mode} before you start inserting text.
@c This command turns on Enriched mode.  Do this before you begin inserting
@c text, to ensure that the text you insert is handled properly.
$B?7$?$K@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$9$k$K$O!"(B
$B$^$:!"B8:_$7$J$$%U%!%$%k$rK,$l$F$+$i!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H$rF~NO$9$k$^$($K(B@kbd{M-x enriched-mode}$B$HBG$A$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$7$^$9!#(B
$BF~NO$5$l$k%F%-%9%H$,@5$7$/07$o$l$k$3$H$rJ]>Z$9$k$?$a$K!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H$rA^F~$9$k$^$($K%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B

@c   More generally, the command @code{enriched-mode} turns Enriched mode
@c on if it was off, and off if it was on.  With a prefix argument, this
@c command turns Enriched mode on if the argument is positive, and turns
@c the mode off otherwise.
$B$h$j0lHLE*$K$$$($P!"%3%^%s%I(B@code{enriched-mode}$B$O!"(B
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%U$J$i%*%s!"%*%s$J$i%*%U$K$7$^$9!#(B
$B?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!"$=$l$,@5$G$"$l$P%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r(B
$B%*%s$K$7!"$=$l0J30$G$O%*%U$K$7$^$9!#(B

@c   When you save a buffer while Enriched mode is enabled in it, Emacs
@c automatically converts the text to text/enriched format while writing it
@c into the file.  When you visit the file again, Emacs will automatically
@c recognize the format, reconvert the text, and turn on Enriched mode
@c again.
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$,%*%s$N$H$-$K%P%C%U%!$rJ]B8$9$k$H!"(B
Emacs$B$O%F%-%9%H$r%U%!%$%k$K=q$-=P$9$H$-$K(B
$B<+F0E*$K(Btext/enriched$B7A<0$XJQ49$7$^$9!#(B
$B$U$?$?$S$=$N%U%!%$%k$rK,Ld$9$k$H!"(BEmacs$B$O<+F0E*$K$=$N7A<0$rG'<1$7$F(B
$B%F%-%9%H$rJQ49$7!"%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$7$^$9!#(B

@vindex enriched-fill-after-visiting
@c   Normally, after visiting a file in text/enriched format, Emacs refills
@c each paragraph to fit the specified right margin.  You can turn off this
@c refilling, to save time, by setting the variable
@c @code{enriched-fill-after-visiting} to @code{nil} or to @code{ask}.
$BDL>o!"(Btext/enriched$B7A<0$N%U%!%$%k$rK,Ld$9$k$H!"(B
Emacs$B$O3FCJMn$r;XDj$5$l$?1&C<$KG<$^$k$h$&$K5M$a9~$_$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N5M$a9~$_$r$d$a$F;~4V$rC;=L$9$k$?$a$K!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{enriched-fill-after-visiting}$B$K(B@code{nil}$B$+(B@code{ask}$B$r@_Dj$7$^$9!#(B

@c   However, when visiting a file that was saved from Enriched mode, there
@c is no need for refilling, because Emacs saves the right margin settings
@c along with the text.
$B$7$+$7!"%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$GJ]B8$7$?%U%!%$%k$rK,Ld$9$k$H$-$K$O!"(B
Emacs$B$O1&C<$N@_Dj$r%F%-%9%H$H0l=o$KJ]B8$7$F$$$k$N$G!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H$r:FEY5M$a9~$`I,MW$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

@vindex enriched-translations
@c   You can add annotations for saving additional text properties, which
@c Emacs normally does not save, by adding to @code{enriched-translations}.
@c Note that the text/enriched standard requires any non-standard
@c annotations to have names starting with @samp{x-}, as in
@c @samp{x-read-only}.  This ensures that they will not conflict with
@c standard annotations that may be added later.
$BDL>o$O(BEmacs$B$,J]B8$7$J$$%F%-%9%HB0@-$KBP$9$kCm5-!J(Bannotation$B!K$b(B
$BJ]B8$9$k$h$&$K$9$k$K$O!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{enriched-translations}$B$KDI2C$7$F$*$-$^$9!#(B
text/enriched$B5,3J$G$O!"HsI8=`$NCm5-$K$O!"(B@samp{x-read-only}$B$N$h$&$K(B
@samp{x-}$B$G;O$^$kL>A0$,I,MW$J$3$H$KCmL\$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
$B$3$l$K$h$C$F!"$"$H$+$iDI2C$5$l$kI8=`E*$JCm5-$H(B
$BL>A0$,>WFM$7$J$$$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$^$9!#(B

@node Hard and Soft Newlines
@c @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines
@subsection $B%O!<%I2~9T$H%=%U%H2~9T(B
@c @cindex hard newline
@c @cindex soft newline
@c @cindex newlines, hard and soft
@cindex $B%O!<%I2~9T(B
@cindex $B%=%U%H2~9T(B
@cindex $B2~9T!"%O!<%I$H%=%U%H(B

@c   In formatted text, Emacs distinguishes between two different kinds of
@c newlines, @dfn{hard} newlines and @dfn{soft} newlines.
Emacs$B$O@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%HCf$N2~9T$r!"(B
@dfn{$B%O!<%I(B}$B2~9T$H(B@dfn{$B%=%U%H(B}$B2~9T$N(B2$B<oN`$K6hJL$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Hard newlines are used to separate paragraphs, or items in a list, or
@c anywhere that there should always be a line break regardless of the
@c margins.  The @key{RET} command (@code{newline}) and @kbd{C-o}
@c (@code{open-line}) insert hard newlines.
$B%O!<%I2~9T$O!"CJMn$N6h@Z$j!"%j%9%HFb$N9`L\!"(B
$B:81&C<$K4X78$J$/9TJ,3d$,$D$M$KI,MW$J2U=j$KMQ$$$i$l$^$9!#(B
@key{RET}$B%3%^%s%I!J(B@code{newline}$B!K$H(B@kbd{C-o}$B!J(B@code{open-line}$B!K$O(B
$B%O!<%I2~9T$rA^F~$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Soft newlines are used to make text fit between the margins.  All the
@c fill commands, including Auto Fill, insert soft newlines---and they
@c delete only soft newlines.
$B%=%U%H2~9T$O!"%F%-%9%H$r:81&C<$N$"$$$@$KG<$a$k$?$a$K;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$r4^$a$?$9$Y$F$N5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O(B
$B%=%U%H2~9T$rA^F~$7!"%=%U%H2~9T$@$1$r:o=|$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Although hard and soft newlines look the same, it is important to bear
@c the difference in mind.  Do not use @key{RET} to break lines in the
@c middle of filled paragraphs, or else you will get hard newlines that are
@c barriers to further filling.  Instead, let Auto Fill mode break lines,
@c so that if the text or the margins change, Emacs can refill the lines
@c properly.  @xref{Auto Fill}.
$B%O!<%I2~9T$H%=%U%H2~9T$O8+$?L\$OF1$8$G$9$,!"0c$$$rM}2r$9$k$3$H$O=EMW$G$9!#(B
$B5M$a9~$s$@CJMn$NESCf$G9T$KJ,3d$9$k$H$-$K(B@key{RET}$B$r;H$C$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#(B
$B$"$H$N5M$a9~$_$NK8$2$H$J$k%O!<%I2~9T$rA^F~$7$F$7$^$$$^$9!#(B
$B$+$o$j$K!"<+F05M$a9~$_!J(Bauto-fill$B!K%b!<%I$K9TJ,3d$r9T$o$;$F!"(B
$B%F%-%9%H$d:81&C<$,JQ2=$7$F$b(BEmacs$B$,E,@Z$K:FEY5M$a9~$a$k$h$&$K$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Auto Fill}$B!#(B

@c   On the other hand, in tables and lists, where the lines should always
@c remain as you type them, you can use @key{RET} to end lines.  For these
@c lines, you may also want to set the justification style to
@c @code{unfilled}.  @xref{Format Justification}.
$B0lJ}!"I=$d%j%9%H$N$h$&$K!"F~NO$7$?$H$*$j$N9T$K$7$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k>l9g$K$O!"(B
@key{RET}$B$G9T$r=*$($^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N9T$G$O!"I}B7$($N%9%?%$%k$H$7$F(B@code{unfilled}$B$r(B
$B;XDj$9$k$N$b$h$$$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B
@xref{Format Justification}$B!#(B

@node Editing Format Info
@c @subsection Editing Format Information
@subsection $B@07A>pJs$NJT=8(B

@c   There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted
@c text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse.
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$N@07A>pJs$rJQ99$9$k$K$O!"(B2$B$D$NJ}K!$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%-!<%\!<%I%3%^%s%I$r;H$&$+!"%^%&%9$r;H$$$^$9!#(B

@c   The easiest way to add properties to your document is by using the Text
@c Properties menu.  You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit
@c menu in the menu bar, or with @kbd{C-mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key
@c and press the middle mouse button).
$BJ8=q$KB0@-$rDI2C$9$k$b$C$H$b4JC1$JJ}K!$O!"(B
Text Properties$B%a%K%e!<$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%a%K%e!<$r=P$9$K$O(B2$B$D$NJ}K!$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%a%K%e!<%P!<$N(BEdit$B%a%K%e!<$+$iA*Br$9$k$+!"(B
@kbd{C-mouse-2}$B!J(B@key{CTRL}$B%-!<$r2!$72<$2$?$^$^%^%&%9$N??Cf$N%\%?%s$r2!$9!K(B
$B$G$9!#(B

@c   Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus.
@c These are described in the sections that follow.  Some items run
@c commands directly:
Text Properties$B%a%K%e!<$N$[$H$s$I$N9`L\$K$O!"(B
$BJL$N%5%V%a%K%e!<$,$D$$$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$K$D$$$F$O8e=R$7$^$9!#(B
$B%3%^%s%I$rD>@\<B9T$9$k9`L\$b$"$j$^$9!#(B

@table @code
@findex facemenu-remove-props
@item Remove Properties
@c Delete from the region all the text properties that the Text Properties
@c menu works with (@code{facemenu-remove-props}).
Text Properties$B%a%K%e!<$G07$($k$9$Y$F$N%F%-%9%HB0@-$r%j!<%8%g%s$+$i<h$j=|$/(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-remove-props}$B!K!#(B

@findex facemenu-remove-all
@item Remove All
@c Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region
@c (@code{facemenu-remove-all}).
@emph{$B$9$Y$F(B}$B$N%F%-%9%HB0@-$r%j!<%8%g%s$+$i<h$j=|$/(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-remove-all}$B!K!#(B

@findex list-text-properties-at
@item List Properties
@c List all the text properties of the character following point
@c (@code{list-text-properties-at}).
$B%]%$%s%HD>8e$NJ8;z$N$9$Y$F$N%F%-%9%HB0@-$rI=<($9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{list-text-properties-at}$B!K!#(B

@item Display Faces
@c Display a list of all the defined faces.
$BDj5A:Q$_%U%'%$%90lMw$rI=<($9$k!#(B

@item Display Colors
@c Display a list of all the defined colors.
$BDj5A:Q$_I=<(?'0lMw$rI=<($9$k!#(B
@end table
            
@node Format Faces
@c @subsection Faces in Formatted Text
@subsection $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$N%U%'%$%9(B

@c   The Faces submenu lists various Emacs faces including @code{bold},
@c @code{italic}, and @code{underline}.  Selecting one of these adds the
@c chosen face to the region.  @xref{Faces}.  You can also specify a face
@c with these keyboard commands:
Faces$B%5%V%a%K%e!<$K$O!"(B@code{bold}$B!"(B@code{italic}$B!"(B@code{underline}$B$H$$$C(B
$B$?(BEmacs$B$G;HMQ$G$-$k3F<o%U%'%$%9$,JB$s$G$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$NCf$+$i(B1$B$D$rA*$V$H!"%j!<%8%g%s$K%U%'%$%9$rDI2C$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Faces}$B!#(B
$B0J2<$N%-!<%\!<%I%3%^%s%I$G%U%'%$%9$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@c @kindex M-g d @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-g d @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex facemenu-set-default
@item M-g d
@c Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{default} face
@c (@code{facemenu-set-default}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s!"$"$k$$$O!"$D$.$KA^F~$9$kJ8;z$N%U%'%$%9$r(B@code{default}$B$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-set-default}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-g b @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-g b @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex facemenu-set-bold
@item M-g b
@c Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold} face
@c (@code{facemenu-set-bold}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s!"$"$k$$$O!"$D$.$KA^F~$9$kJ8;z$N%U%'%$%9$r(B@code{bold}$B$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-set-bold}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-g i @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-g i @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex facemenu-set-italic
@item M-g i
@c Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{italic} face
@c (@code{facemenu-set-italic}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s!"$"$k$$$O!"$D$.$KA^F~$9$kJ8;z$N%U%'%$%9$r(B@code{italic}$B$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-set-italic}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-g l @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-g l @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex facemenu-set-bold-italic
@item M-g l
@c Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold-italic} face
@c (@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s!"$"$k$$$O!"$D$.$KA^F~$9$kJ8;z$N%U%'%$%9$r(B@code{bold-italic}$B$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-g u @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-g u @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A!K(B}
@findex facemenu-set-underline
@item M-g u
@c Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{underline} face
@c (@code{facemenu-set-underline}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s!"$"$k$$$O!"$D$.$KA^F~$9$kJ8;z$N%U%'%$%9$r(B@code{underline}$B$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-set-underline}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-g o @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-g o @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex facemenu-set-face
@item M-g o @var{face} @key{RET}
@c Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the face @var{face}
@c (@code{facemenu-set-face}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s!"$"$k$$$O!"$D$.$KA^F~$9$kJ8;z$N%U%'%$%9$r(B@var{face}$B$K$9$k(B
$B!J(B@code{facemenu-set-face}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@c   If you use these commands with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark
@c mode, if the region is not active---then these commands specify a face
@c to use for your next self-inserting input.  @xref{Transient Mark}.  This
@c applies to both the keyboard commands and the menu commands.
$BA0CV0z?t$r;XDj$7$F$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$?$j!"(B
$B;CDj%^!<%/!J(Btransient-mark$B!K%b!<%I$G%j!<%8%g%s$,A*Br$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P!"(B
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$O$D$.$KF~NO$9$k<+8JA^F~J8;z$@$1$K;H$&%U%'%$%9$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Transient Mark}$B!#(B
$B$3$l$O%-!<%\!<%I%3%^%s%I$H%a%K%e!<%3%^%s%I$NN>J}$KDLMQ$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Enriched mode defines two additional faces: @code{excerpt} and
@c @code{fixed}.  These correspond to codes used in the text/enriched file
@c format.
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$K$O!"(B
@code{excerpt}$B$H(B@code{fixed}$B$N(B2$B$D$NDI2C%U%'%$%9$,Dj5A$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%U%'%$%9$O!"(Btext/enriched$B%U%!%$%k7A<0$G(B
$B;HMQ$5$l$k%3!<%I$KBP1~$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

@c   The @code{excerpt} face is intended for quotations.  This face is the
@c same as @code{italic} unless you customize it (@pxref{Face Customization}).
@code{excerpt}$B%U%'%$%9$O0zMQ$rI=$9$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
$B%+%9%?%^%$%:$7$F$J$1$l$P(B@code{italic}$B$HF1$8$G$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Face Customization}$B!K!#(B

@c   The @code{fixed} face is meant to say, ``Use a fixed-width font for this
@c part of the text.''  Emacs currently supports only fixed-width fonts;
@c therefore, the @code{fixed} annotation is not necessary now.  However,
@c we plan to support variable width fonts in future Emacs versions, and
@c other systems that display text/enriched format may not use a
@c fixed-width font as the default.  So if you specifically want a certain
@c part of the text to use a fixed-width font, you should specify the
@c @code{fixed} face for that part.
@code{fixed}$B%U%'%$%9$O!"!X$3$NItJ,$N%F%-%9%H$K$O8GDjI}%U%)%s%H$r;HMQ$9$k!Y$H(B
$B$$$&0UL#$G$9!#(B
$B8=:_!"(BEmacs$B$O8GDjI}%U%)%s%H$K$@$1BP1~$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"(B@code{fixed}$B$NCm5-$O:#$N$H$3$mI,MW$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B$7$+$7$J$,$i!">-Mh$N(BEmacs$B$G$O2DJQI}%U%)%s%H$KBP1~$7$?$j!"(B
$B8GDjI}%U%)%s%H$r%G%U%)%k%H$H$7$J$$(Btext/enriched$B7A<0$r(B
$BI=<(2DG=$JB>$N%7%9%F%`$r7W2h$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$G$9$+$i!"8GDjI}%U%)%s%H$r$I$&$7$F$b;H$$$?$$2U=j$K$O!"(B
$B$=$NItJ,$N%F%-%9%H$K(B@code{fixed}$B$r;XDj$9$k$Y$-$G$9!#(B

@c   The @code{fixed} face is normally defined to use a different font from
@c the default.  However, different systems have different fonts installed,
@c so you may need to customize this.
$BDL>o!"(B@code{fixed}$B%U%'%$%9$K$O!"%G%U%)%k%H$H0[$J$k%U%)%s%H$r;H$&$h$&$K(B
$BDj5A$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$H$3$m$,!"%7%9%F%`$4$H$K$5$^$6$^$J%U%)%s%H$,$"$j$^$9$+$i!"(B
$B$3$NDj5A$r%+%9%?%^%$%:$9$kI,MW$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B

@c   If your terminal cannot display different faces, you will not be able
@c to see them, but you can still edit documents containing faces.  You can
@c even add faces and colors to documents.  They will be visible when the
@c file is viewed on a terminal that can display them.
$B0[$J$k%U%'%$%9$rI=<($G$-$J$$C<Kv$G$O$=$l$i$N0c$$$rL\$K$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$^$;$s$,!"(B
$B$=$l$G$b!"$5$^$6$^$J%U%'%$%9$r4^$`J8=q$NJT=8$O9T$($^$9!#(B
$BJ8=q$K%U%'%$%9$dI=<(?'$rDI2C$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$i$rI=<(2DG=$JC<Kv$G8+$?$H$-$K%U%'%$%9$d?'$rL\$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

@node Format Colors
@c @subsection Colors in Formatted Text
@subsection $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$NI=<(?'(B

@c   You can specify foreground and background colors for portions of the
@c text.  There is a menu for specifying the foreground color and a menu
@c for specifying the background color.  Each color menu lists all the
@c colors that you have used in Enriched mode in the current Emacs session.
$B%F%-%9%H$NItJ,$4$H$KA07J?'$HGX7J?'$r;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$BA07J?'$r;XDj$9$k%a%K%e!<$HGX7J?'$r;XDj$9$k%a%K%e!<$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N%a%K%e!<$K$O!"$=$N(BEmacs$B%;%C%7%g%s$N%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$G(B
$B;H$C$F$$$kI=<(?'0lMw$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B

@c   If you specify a color with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark
@c mode, if the region is not active---then it applies to your next
@c self-inserting input.  @xref{Transient Mark}.  Otherwise, the command
@c applies to the region.
$BA0CV0z?t$H$H$b$KI=<(?'$r;XDj$7$?$j!"(B
$B;CDj%^!<%/!J(Btransient-mark$B!K%b!<%I$G%j!<%8%g%s$,A*Br$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P!"(B
$B$D$.$KF~NO$9$k<+8JA^F~J8;z$@$1$K:nMQ$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Transient Mark}$B!#(B
$B$=$&$G$J$1$l$P!"%3%^%s%I$O%j!<%8%g%s$K:nMQ$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Each color menu contains one additional item: @samp{Other}.  You can use
@c this item to specify a color that is not listed in the menu; it reads
@c the color name with the minibuffer.  To display list of available colors
@c and their names, use the @samp{Display Colors} menu item in the Text
@c Properties menu (@pxref{Editing Format Info}).
$B$=$l$>$l$NI=<(?'%a%K%e!<$K$O$b$&(B1$B$D(B@samp{Other}$B$H$$$&9`L\$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N9`L\$O!"%a%K%e!<$KI=<($5$l$F$$$J$$I=<(?'$r;XDj$9$k$?$a$K;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%_%K%P%C%U%!$GI=<(?'L>>N$rFI$_<h$j$^$9!#(B
$BMxMQ2DG=$JI=<(?'$HL>A0$N0lMw$rI=<($9$k$K$O!"(B
Text Properties$B%a%K%e!<$N(B@samp{Display Colors}$B9`L\$r;H$$$^$9(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Editing Format Info}$B!K!#(B

@c   Any color that you specify in this way, or that is mentioned in a
@c formatted text file that you read in, is added to both color menus for
@c the duration of the Emacs session.
$B$3$N$h$&$K$7$F;XDj$7$?I=<(?'$d!"(B
$BFI$_9~$s$@@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%HFb$G;H$o$l$F$$$kI=<(?'$O!"(B
$B$=$N(BEmacs$B%;%C%7%g%sCf$O!"N>J}$NI=<(?'%a%K%e!<$KDI2C$5$l$^$9!#(B

@findex facemenu-set-foreground
@findex facemenu-set-background
@c   There are no key bindings for specifying colors, but you can do so
@c with the extended commands @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground} and
@c @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}.  Both of these commands read the name
@c of the color with the minibuffer.
$BI=<(?'$r;XDj$9$k$?$a$N%-!<%P%$%s%G%#%s%0$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"(B
$B3HD%%3%^%s%I(B@kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground}$B$d(B
@kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}$B$r;H$($P$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$I$A$i$N%3%^%s%I$b%_%K%P%C%U%!$GI=<(?'L>>N$rFI$_<h$j$^$9!#(B

@node Format Indentation
@c @subsection Indentation in Formatted Text
@subsection $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$N;z2<$2(B

@c   When editing formatted text, you can specify different amounts of
@c indentation for the right or left margin of an entire paragraph or a
@c part of a paragraph.  The margins you specify automatically affect the
@c Emacs fill commands (@pxref{Filling}) and line-breaking commands.
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$NJT=8$G$O!"CJMnA4BN$"$k$$$OCJMn$N0lIt$K(B
$B0[$J$k:8C<$H1&C<$N;z2<$2$r;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B;XDj$7$?:81&C<$O!"<+F0E*$K5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I!J(B@pxref{Filling}$B!K$H(B
$B9TJ,3d%3%^%s%I$KH?1G$5$l$^$9(B

@c   The Indentation submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying
@c these properties.  The submenu contains four items:
Indentation$B%5%V%a%K%e!<$O!"(B
$B$3$l$i$NB0@-$r;XDj$9$k$?$a$NJXMx$J%$%s%?!<%U%'%$%9$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%5%V%a%K%e!<$K$O$D$.$N(B4$B$D$N9`L\$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@table @code
@c @kindex C-x TAB @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex C-x TAB @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex increase-left-margin
@item Indent More
@c Indent the region by 4 columns (@code{increase-left-margin}).  In
@c Enriched mode, this command is also available on @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}; if
@c you supply a numeric argument, that says how many columns to add to the
@c margin (a negative argument reduces the number of columns).
$B%j!<%8%g%s$r(B4$B7eJ,;z2<$2$9$k!J(B@code{increase-left-margin}$B!K!#(B
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B@kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}$B$G$b<B9T$G$-$k!#(B
$B?t0z?t$r;XDj$9$k$H!":8C<$K2C$($k7e?t$H$7$F07$&!JIi$NCM$G$"$l$P7e$r8:$i$9!K!#(B

@item Indent Less
@c Remove 4 columns of indentation from the region.
$B%j!<%8%g%s$+$i(B4$B7eJ,;z2<$2$r<h$j=|$/!#(B

@item Indent Right More
@c Make the text narrower by indenting 4 columns at the right margin.
$B1&C<$r(B4$B7eJ,;z2<$2$7$F%F%-%9%H$NI}$r69$a$k!#(B

@item Indent Right Less
@c Remove 4 columns of indentation from the right margin.
$B1&C<$+$i(B4$B7eJ,;z2<$2$r<h$j=|$/!#(B
@end table

@c   You can use these commands repeatedly to increase or decrease the
@c indentation.
$B$J$*!"$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$r7+$jJV$;$P!";z2<$2$rA}$d$7$?$j8:$i$7$?$j$G$-$^$9!#(B

@c   The most common way to use these commands is to change the indentation
@c of an entire paragraph.  However, that is not the only use.  You can
@c change the margins at any point; the new values take effect at the end
@c of the line (for right margins) or the beginning of the next line (for
@c left margins).
$B$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$N0lHLE*$J;H$$J}$O!"CJMnA4BN$N;z2<$2$rJQ99$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"$=$l$@$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$BG$0U$N2U=j$G:81&C<$rJQ99$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B?7$?$K@_Dj$5$l$?CM$O!"9TKv!J1&C<!K$d(B
$B$D$.$N9T$N@hF,!J:8C<!K$K1F6A$7$^$9!#(B

@c   This makes it possible to format paragraphs with @dfn{hanging indents},
@c which means that the first line is indented less than subsequent lines.
@c To set up a hanging indent, increase the indentation of the region
@c starting after the first word of the paragraph and running until the end
@c of the paragraph.
$B$=$l$K$h$j!"(B@dfn{$B$V$i2<$,$j;z2<$2(B}$B$GCJMn$r@07A$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$V$i2<$,$j;z2<$2$H$O!"(B1$B9TL\$N;z2<$2I}$,(B2$B9TL\0J9_$N;z2<$2I}$h$j>/$J$$$b$N$G$9!#(B
$B$V$i2<$,$j;z2<$2$9$k$K$O!"CJMn$N:G=i$NC18l$ND>8e$+$i;O$^$jCJMn$NKvHx$^$G(B
$BB3$/%j!<%8%g%s$N;z2<$2I}$rA}$d$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Indenting the first line of a paragraph is easier.  Set the margin for
@c the whole paragraph where you want it to be for the body of the
@c paragraph, then indent the first line by inserting extra spaces or tabs.
$BCJMn$N(B1$B9TL\$N;z2<$2$O$b$C$H4JC1$G$9!#(B
$BCJMn$NK\BN$,$"$k$Y$-0LCV$KCJMnA4BN$KBP$9$k:81&C<$r@_Dj$7$F$+$i!"(B
$B:G=i$N9T$KDI2C$N6uGr$d%?%V$rA^F~$9$l$P$h$$$N$G$9!#(B

@c   Sometimes, as a result of editing, the filling of a paragraph becomes
@c messed up---parts of the paragraph may extend past the left or right
@c margins.  When this happens, use @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) to
@c refill the paragraph.
$BJT=8$N7k2L!"CJMn$N5M$a9~$_$,1x$/$J$C$F$7$^$&$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!"CJMn$N0lIt$,:8C<$d1&C<$+$i$O$_=P$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$=$&$J$C$?$H$-$K$O!"(B@kbd{M-q}$B!J(B@code{fill-paragraph}$B!K$r;H$C$F!"(B
$BCJMn$r5M$a9~$_D>$7$^$9!#(B

@vindex standard-indent
@c   The variable @code{standard-indent} specifies how many columns these
@c commands should add to or subtract from the indentation.  The default
@c value is 4.  The overall default right margin for Enriched mode is
@c controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}, as usual.
$BJQ?t(B@code{standard-indent}$B$O!"$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$GA}8:$9$k;z2<$2I}$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B
$B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B4$B$G$9!#(B
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(BEnriched$B!K%b!<%IA4BN$KBP$9$k1&C<$N%G%U%)%k%H$O!"(B
$BDL>o$I$*$jJQ?t(B@code{fill-column}$B$G@)8f$7$^$9!#(B

@c   The fill prefix, if any, works in addition to the specified paragraph
@c indentation: @kbd{C-x .} does not include the specified indentation's
@c whitespace in the new value for the fill prefix, and the fill commands
@c look for the fill prefix after the indentation on each line.  @xref{Fill
@c Prefix}.
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$,$"$l$P!";XDj$7$?CJMn$N;z2<$2$KDI2C$5$l$^$9!#(B
@kbd{C-x .}$B$O!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$H$7$F?7$?$K;XDj$5$l$?CM$K$O!";z2<$2$NGrJ8;z$r4^$a$^$;$s!#(B
$B$7$+$b!"5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$O3F9T$N;z2<$2$N$&$7$m$K$"$k5M$a9~$_@\F,<-$rC5$7$^$9!#(B
@xref{Fill Prefix}$B!#(B

@node Format Justification
@c @subsection Justification in Formatted Text
@subsection $B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$NI}B7$((B
            
@c   When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of
@c justification for a paragraph.  The style you specify automatically
@c affects the Emacs fill commands.
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$NJT=8$G$O!"CJMn$KBP$7$F$5$^$6$^$J%9%?%$%k$NB7$(J}$r(B
$B;XDj$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B;XDj$7$?%9%?%$%k$O<+F0E*$K(BEmacs$B$N5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$K1F6A$7$^$9!#(B

@c   The Justification submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying
@c the style.  The submenu contains five items:
Justification$B%5%V%a%K%e!<$O!"(B
$B%9%?%$%k$r;XDj$9$k$?$a$NJXMx$J%$%s%?!<%U%'%$%9$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%5%V%a%K%e!<$K$O$D$.$N(B5$B9`L\$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

@table @code
@item Flush Left
@c This is the most common style of justification (at least for English).
@c Lines are aligned at the left margin but left uneven at the right.
$B$3$l$O!J>/$J$/$H$b1Q8l$G$O!K$b$C$H$b0lHLE*$JI}B7$(%9%?%$%k!#(B
$B9T$O:8C<$KB7$($i$l$k$,!"1&B&$OITB7$$$N$^$^!#(B

@item Flush Right
@c This aligns each line with the right margin.  Spaces and tabs are added
@c on the left, if necessary, to make lines line up on the right.
$B1&C<$K9T$rB7$($k!#(B
$BI,MW$K1~$8$F:8B&$K6uGr$d%?%V$rA^F~$7$F1&B&$G9T$rB7$($k!#(B

@item Full
@c This justifies the text, aligning both edges of each line.  Justified
@c text looks very nice in a printed book, where the spaces can all be
@c adjusted equally, but it does not look as nice with a fixed-width font
@c on the screen.  Perhaps a future version of Emacs will be able to adjust
@c the width of spaces in a line to achieve elegant justification.
$B9T$4$H$K:81&N>C<$rB7$($k!#(B
$B$3$N%9%?%$%k$GB7$($k$H6uGr$r6QEy$KA^F~$9$k!#(B
$B0u:~J*$G$O8+1I$($,$?$$$X$s$h$$$,!"(B
$B2hLL>e$N8GDjI}%U%)%s%H$G$O$=$l$[$IH~$7$/$J$$!#(B
$B$?$V$s!">-Mh$N(BEmacs$B$G$O9TFb$N6uGrNL$rD4@a$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j!"(B
$B%(%l%,%s%H$JI}B7$($,C#@.$G$-$k$G$"$m$&!#(B

@item Center
@c This centers every line between the current margins.
$B3F9T$r8=:_$N:81&C<$NCf1{$KB7$($k!#(B

@item None
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![(B
$B%a%K%e!<$K$O(B@samp{None}$B$G$O$J$/(B@samp{Unfilled}$B$,I=<($5$l$k!#(B}
@c This turns off filling entirely.  Each line will remain as you wrote it;
@c the fill and auto-fill functions will have no effect on text which has
@c this setting.  You can, however, still indent the left margin.  In
@c unfilled regions, all newlines are treated as hard newlines (@pxref{Hard
@c and Soft Newlines}) .
$B5M$a9~$_$r$$$C$5$$;_$a$k!#(B
$B3F9T$OF~NO$7$?$^$^$K$J$k!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"$3$N@_Dj$r$7$?%F%-%9%H$G$O!"(B
$B5M$a9~$_%3%^%s%I$b<+F05M$a9~$_5!G=$b2?$N8z2L$b$J$$!#(B
$B$=$l$G$b!":8C<$r;z2<$2$9$k$3$H$O2DG=!#(B
$B5M$a9~$^$J$$%j!<%8%g%s$G$O!"2~9T$O$9$Y$F%O!<%I2~9T$H$7$F07$&(B
$B!J(B@pxref{Hard and Soft Newlines}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@c   In Enriched mode, you can also specify justification from the keyboard
@c using the @kbd{M-j} prefix character:
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$G$O!"(B
@kbd{M-j}$B%W%l%U%#%C%/%9J8;z$r;H$C$F%-!<%\!<%I$GI}B7$($r;XDj$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B

@table @kbd
@c @kindex M-j l @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-j l @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex set-justification-left
@item M-j l
@c Make the region left-filled (@code{set-justification-left}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s$r:8C<B7$($K$9$k!J(B@code{set-justification-left}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-j r @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-j r @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex set-justification-right
@item M-j r
@c Make the region right-filled (@code{set-justification-right}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s$r1&C<B7$($K$9$k!J(B@code{set-justification-right}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-j f @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-j f @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex set-justification-full
@item M-j f
@c Make the region fully-justified (@code{set-justification-full}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s$r:81&C<B7$($K$9$k!J(B@code{set-justification-full}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-j c @r{(Enriched mode)}
@c @kindex M-S @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-j c @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@kindex M-S @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex set-justification-center
@item M-j c
@itemx M-S
@c Make the region centered (@code{set-justification-center}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s$rCf1{B7$($K$9$k!J(B@code{set-justification-center}$B!K!#(B
@c @kindex M-j u @r{(Enriched mode)}
@kindex M-j u @r{$B!J%(%s%j%C%A%b!<%I!K(B}
@findex set-justification-none
@item M-j u
@c Make the region unfilled (@code{set-justification-none}).
$B%j!<%8%g%s$G$O5M$a9~$^$J$$!J(B@code{set-justification-none}$B!K!#(B
@end table

@c   Justification styles apply to entire paragraphs.  All the
@c justification-changing commands operate on the paragraph containing
@c point, or, if the region is active, on all paragraphs which overlap the
@c region.
$BB7$(J}$N%9%?%$%k$OCJMnA4BN$KE,MQ$5$l$^$9!#(B
$BB7$(J}$rJQ99$9$k%3%^%s%I$O!"%]%$%s%H$r4^$`CJMn$K:nMQ$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B%j!<%8%g%s$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k$H$-$K$O(B
$B%j!<%8%g%s$H=E$J$kCJMn$9$Y$F$,BP>]$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

@vindex default-justification
@c   The default justification style is specified by the variable
@c @code{default-justification}.  Its value should be one of the symbols
@c @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}.
$BB7$(J}$N%9%?%$%k$N%G%U%)%k%H$O!"(B
$BJQ?t(B@code{default-justification}$B$G;XDj$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NCM$O!"(B@code{left}$B!"(B@code{right}$B!"(B@code{full}$B!"(B
@code{center}$B!"(B@code{none}
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![5M$a9~$^$J$$$3$H$r;XDj$9$k%7%s%\%k$O(B
@samp{none}$B!#(B@code{Unfilled}$B$G$O$J$$!#(B}
$B$N$$$:$l$+$N%7%s%\%k$G$J$/$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#(B
         
@node Format Properties
@c @subsection Setting Other Text Properties
@subsection $BB>$N%F%-%9%HB0@-$N@_Dj(B

@c   The Other Properties menu lets you add or remove three other useful text
@c properties: @code{read-only}, @code{invisible} and @code{intangible}.
@c The @code{intangible} property disallows moving point within the text,
@c the @code{invisible} text property hides text from display, and the
@c @code{read-only} property disallows alteration of the text.
Other Properties$B%a%K%e!<(B
@footnote{$B!ZLuCm![(B@samp{Other Properties}$B$G$O$J$/!"(B
@samp{Special Properties}$B$HI=<($5$l$k!#(B}$B$K$O!"(B
@code{read-only}$B!"(B@code{invisible}$B!"(B@code{intangible}$B$H$$$C$?M-MQ$J(B
$B%F%-%9%HB0@-$rDI2C!?:o=|$9$k9`L\$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
@code{intangible}$BB0@-$O%F%-%9%HFb$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$G$-$J$/$7!"(B
@code{invisible}$BB0@-$O%F%-%9%H$rI=<($7$J$$$h$&$K$7!"(B
@code{read-only}$BB0@-$O%F%-%9%H$rJQ99$G$-$J$/$7$^$9!#(B

@c   Each of these special properties has a menu item to add it to the
@c region.  The last menu item, @samp{Remove Special}, removes all of these
@c special properties from the text in the region.
$B$3$l$i$NFCJL$JB0@-$K$O!"(B
$B%j!<%8%g%s$KB0@-$rIU2C$9$k$?$a$N%a%K%e!<9`L\$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B:G8e$N%a%K%e!<9`L\(B@samp{Remove Special}$B$O!"(B
$B$3$l$i$NFCJL$JB0@-$9$Y$F$r%j!<%8%g%s$+$i<h$j=|$-$^$9!#(B

@c   Currently, the @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} properties are
@c @emph{not} saved in the text/enriched format.  The @code{read-only}
@c property is saved, but it is not a standard part of the text/enriched
@c format, so other editors may not respect it.
$B8=:_$N$H$3$m!"(B@code{invisible}$BB0@-$H(B@code{intangible}$BB0@-$O!"(B
text/enriched$B7A<0$KJ]B8$5$l(B@emph{$B$^$;$s(B}$B!#(B
@code{read-only}$BB0@-$OJ]B8$5$l$^$9$,!"(B
$B$3$l$O(Btext/enriched$B7A<0$NI8=`E*$J$b$N$G$O$J$$$N$G!"(B
Emacs$B0J30$NB>$N%(%G%#%?$G$O;HMQ$5$l$J$$$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B

@node Forcing Enriched Mode
@c @subsection Forcing Enriched Mode
@subsection $B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$N6/@)(B

@c   Normally, Emacs knows when you are editing formatted text because it
@c recognizes the special annotations used in the file that you visited.
@c However, there are situations in which you must take special actions
@c to convert file contents or turn on Enriched mode:
$BIaDL$O!"(BEmacs$B$OK,Ld$7$?%U%!%$%kFb$K$"$kFCJL$JCm5-$rG'<1$9$k$N$G!"(B
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$rJT=8Cf$G$"$k$3$H$,$o$+$j$^$9!#(B
$B$H$3$m$,!"%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$rJQ49$9$k$?$a$KFCJL$JA`:n$r$7$?$j!"(B
$B<jF0$G%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$9$kI,MW$,$"$k>u67$b$"$j$^$9!#(B

@itemize @bullet
@item
@c When you visit a file that was created with some other editor, Emacs may
@c not recognize the file as being in the text/enriched format.  In this
@c case, when you visit the file you will see the formatting commands
@c rather than the formatted text.  Type @kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer} to
@c translate it.
$BB>$N%(%G%#%?$G:n@.$7$?(Btext/enriched$B7A<0$N%U%!%$%k$rK,Ld$9$k$H!"(B
Emacs$B$,$=$N%U%!%$%k$r(Btext/enriched$B7A<0$G$"$k$HG'<1$7$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$!#(B
$B$3$&$$$C$?>l9g!"%U%!%$%k$rK,$l$k$H!"(B
$B@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$G$O$J$/@07A%3%^%s%I$rL\$K$9$k!#(B
@kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer}$B$HBG$C$F7A<0$rJQ49$9$k!#(B

@item
@c When you @emph{insert} a file into a buffer, rather than visiting it.
@c Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but
@c it does not enable Enriched mode.  If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x
@c enriched-mode}.
$B%U%!%$%k$rK,Ld$7$?$N$G$O$J$/!"%P%C%U%!$K%U%!%$%k$r(B@emph{$BA^F~(B}$B$7$?$H$-!#(B
Emacs$B$OA^F~$5$l$?%F%-%9%H$KBP$7$F$OI,MW$JJQ49$r9T$&$,!"(B
$B%(%s%j%C%A!J(Benriched$B!K%b!<%I$r%*%s$K$7$J$$!#(B
$B%*%s$K$7$?$1$l$P!"(B@kbd{M-x enriched-mode}$B$HBG$D!#(B
@end itemize 

@c   The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various
@c formats into Emacs's internal format.  It asks you to specify the format
@c to translate from; however, normally you can type just @key{RET}, which
@c tells Emacs to guess the format.
$B%3%^%s%I(B@code{format-decode-buffer}$B$O!"(B
$B$5$^$6$^$J7A<0$N%F%-%9%H$r(BEmacs$B$NFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!"$I$N7A<0$+$i$NJQ49$G$"$k$N$+$r?R$M$F$-$^$9$,!"(B
$BDL>o$OC1$K(B@key{RET}$B$rBG$F$P(BEmacs$B$,7A<0$r?dB,$7$^$9!#(B

@findex format-find-file
@c   If you wish to look at text/enriched file in its raw form, as a
@c sequence of characters rather than as formatted text, use the @kbd{M-x
@c find-file-literally} command.  This visits a file, like
@c @code{find-file}, but does not do format conversion.  It also inhibits
@c character code conversion (@pxref{Coding Systems}) and automatic
@c uncompression (@pxref{Compressed Files}).  To disable format conversion
@c but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if
@c appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments.
text/enriched$B7A<0$N%U%!%$%k$r$=$N$^$^$N7A!"(B
$B$D$^$j!"@07A:Q$_%F%-%9%H$G$O$J$/J8;zNs$H$7$F8+$?$$$N$G$"$l$P!"(B
@kbd{M-x find-file-literally}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B@code{find-file}$B$N$h$&$K%U%!%$%k$rK,Ld$7$^$9$,!"(B
$B7A<0JQ49$r9T$$$^$;$s!#(B
$BJ8;z%3!<%IJQ49!J(B@pxref{Coding Systems}$B!K$H(B
$B<+F0E83+!J(B@pxref{Compressed Files}$B!K$b6X;_$7$^$9!#(B
$B7A<0JQ49$r6X;_$7$F$b!"E,59!"J8;z%3!<%IJQ49$d<+F0E83+$r9T$o$;$?$$$N$G$"$l$P!"(B
$BE,Ev$J0z?t$r;XDj$7$F(B@code{format-find-file}$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B