;;; registry.el --- Track and remember data items by various fields

;; Copyright (C) 2011-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Teodor Zlatanov <tzz@lifelogs.com>
;; Keywords: data

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; This library provides a general-purpose EIEIO-based registry
;; database with persistence, initialized with these fields:

;; version: a float, 0.1 currently (don't change it)

;; max-hard: an integer, default 5000000

;; max-soft: an integer, default 50000

;; precious: a list of symbols

;; tracked: a list of symbols

;; tracker: a hashtable tuned for 100 symbols to track (you should
;; only access this with the :lookup2-function and the
;; :lookup2+-function)

;; data: a hashtable with default size 10K and resize threshold 2.0
;; (this reflects the expected usage so override it if you know better)

;; ...plus methods to do all the work: `registry-search',
;; `registry-lookup', `registry-lookup-secondary',
;; `registry-lookup-secondary-value', `registry-insert',
;; `registry-delete', `registry-prune', `registry-size' which see

;; and with the following properties:

;; Every piece of data has a unique ID and some general-purpose fields
;; (F1=D1, F2=D2, F3=(a b c)...) expressed as an alist, e.g.

;; ((F1 D1) (F2 D2) (F3 a b c))

;; Note that whether a field has one or many pieces of data, the data
;; is always a list of values.

;; The user decides which fields are "precious", F2 for example.  At
;; PRUNE TIME (when the :prune-function is called), the registry will
;; trim any entries without the F2 field until the size is :max-soft
;; or less.  No entries with the F2 field will be removed at PRUNE
;; TIME.

;; When an entry is inserted, the registry will reject new entries
;; if they bring it over the max-hard limit, even if they have the F2
;; field.

;; The user decides which fields are "tracked", F1 for example.  Any
;; new entry is then indexed by all the tracked fields so it can be
;; quickly looked up that way.  The data is always a list (see example
;; above) and each list element is indexed.

;; Precious and tracked field names must be symbols.  All other
;; fields can be any other Emacs Lisp types.

;;; Code:

(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))

(require 'eieio)
(require 'eieio-base)

(defclass registry-db (eieio-persistent)
  ((version :initarg :version
            :initform 0.1
            :type float
            :custom float
            :documentation "The registry version.")
   (max-hard :initarg :max-hard
             :initform 5000000
             :type integer
             :custom integer
             :documentation "Never accept more than this many elements.")
   (max-soft :initarg :max-soft
             :initform 50000
             :type integer
             :custom integer
             :documentation "Prune as much as possible to get to this size.")
   (prune-factor
    :initarg :prune-factor
    :initform 0.1
    :type float
    :custom float
    :documentation "At the max-hard limit, prune size * this entries.")
   (tracked :initarg :tracked
            :initform nil
            :type t
            :documentation "The tracked (indexed) fields, a list of symbols.")
   (precious :initarg :precious
             :initform nil
             :type t
             :documentation "The precious fields, a list of symbols.")
   (tracker :initarg :tracker
            :type hash-table
            :documentation "The field tracking hashtable.")
   (data :initarg :data
         :type hash-table
         :documentation "The data hashtable.")))

(defmethod initialize-instance :AFTER ((this registry-db) slots)
  "Set value of data slot of THIS after initialization."
  (with-slots (data tracker) this
    (unless (member :data slots)
      (setq data
	    (make-hash-table :size 10000 :rehash-size 2.0 :test 'equal)))
    (unless (member :tracker slots)
      (setq tracker (make-hash-table :size 100 :rehash-size 2.0)))))

(defmethod registry-lookup ((db registry-db) keys)
  "Search for KEYS in the registry-db THIS.
Returns an alist of the key followed by the entry in a list, not a cons cell."
  (let ((data (oref db :data)))
    (delq nil
	  (mapcar
	   (lambda (k)
	     (when (gethash k data)
	       (list k (gethash k data))))
	   keys))))

(defmethod registry-lookup-breaks-before-lexbind ((db registry-db) keys)
  "Search for KEYS in the registry-db THIS.
Returns an alist of the key followed by the entry in a list, not a cons cell."
  (let ((data (oref db :data)))
    (delq nil
	  (loop for key in keys
		when (gethash key data)
		collect (list key (gethash key data))))))

(defmethod registry-lookup-secondary ((db registry-db) tracksym
				      &optional create)
  "Search for TRACKSYM in the registry-db THIS.
When CREATE is not nil, create the secondary index hashtable if needed."
  (let ((h (gethash tracksym (oref db :tracker))))
    (if h
	h
      (when create
	(puthash tracksym
		 (make-hash-table :size 800 :rehash-size 2.0 :test 'equal)
		 (oref db :tracker))
	(gethash tracksym (oref db :tracker))))))

(defmethod registry-lookup-secondary-value ((db registry-db) tracksym val
					    &optional set)
  "Search for TRACKSYM with value VAL in the registry-db THIS.
When SET is not nil, set it for VAL (use t for an empty list)."
  ;; either we're asked for creation or there should be an existing index
  (when (or set (registry-lookup-secondary db tracksym))
    ;; set the entry if requested,
    (when set
      (puthash val (if (eq t set) '() set)
	       (registry-lookup-secondary db tracksym t)))
    (gethash val (registry-lookup-secondary db tracksym))))

(defun registry--match (mode entry check-list)
  ;; for all members
  (when check-list
    (let ((key (nth 0 (nth 0 check-list)))
          (vals (cdr-safe (nth 0 check-list)))
          found)
      (while (and key vals (not found))
        (setq found (case mode
                      (:member
                       (member (car-safe vals) (cdr-safe (assoc key entry))))
                      (:regex
                       (string-match (car vals)
                                     (mapconcat
                                      'prin1-to-string
                                      (cdr-safe (assoc key entry))
                                      "\0"))))
              vals (cdr-safe vals)))
      (or found
          (registry--match mode entry (cdr-safe check-list))))))

(defmethod registry-search ((db registry-db) &rest spec)
  "Search for SPEC across the registry-db THIS.
For example calling with :member '(a 1 2) will match entry '((a 3 1)).
Calling with :all t (any non-nil value) will match all.
Calling with :regex '\(a \"h.llo\") will match entry '((a \"hullo\" \"bye\").
The test order is to check :all first, then :member, then :regex."
  (when db
    (let ((all (plist-get spec :all))
	  (member (plist-get spec :member))
	  (regex (plist-get spec :regex)))
      (loop for k being the hash-keys of (oref db :data)
	    using (hash-values v)
	    when (or
		  ;; :all non-nil returns all
		  all
		  ;; member matching
		  (and member (registry--match :member v member))
		  ;; regex matching
		  (and regex (registry--match :regex v regex)))
	    collect k))))

(defmethod registry-delete ((db registry-db) keys assert &rest spec)
  "Delete KEYS from the registry-db THIS.
If KEYS is nil, use SPEC to do a search.
Updates the secondary ('tracked') indices as well.
With assert non-nil, errors out if the key does not exist already."
  (let* ((data (oref db :data))
	 (keys (or keys
		   (apply 'registry-search db spec)))
	 (tracked (oref db :tracked)))

    (dolist (key keys)
      (let ((entry (gethash key data)))
	(when assert
	  (assert entry nil
		  "Key %s does not exist in database" key))
	;; clean entry from the secondary indices
	(dolist (tr tracked)
	  ;; is this tracked symbol indexed?
	  (when (registry-lookup-secondary db tr)
	    ;; for every value in the entry under that key...
	    (dolist (val (cdr-safe (assq tr entry)))
	      (let* ((value-keys (registry-lookup-secondary-value
				  db tr val)))
		(when (member key value-keys)
		  ;; override the previous value
		  (registry-lookup-secondary-value
		   db tr val
		   ;; with the indexed keys MINUS the current key
		   ;; (we pass t when the list is empty)
		   (or (delete key value-keys) t)))))))
	(remhash key data)))
    keys))

(defmethod registry-size ((db registry-db))
  "Returns the size of the registry-db object THIS.
This is the key count of the :data slot."
  (hash-table-count (oref db :data)))

(defmethod registry-full ((db registry-db))
  "Checks if registry-db THIS is full."
  (>= (registry-size db)
      (oref db :max-hard)))

(defmethod registry-insert ((db registry-db) key entry)
  "Insert ENTRY under KEY into the registry-db THIS.
Updates the secondary ('tracked') indices as well.
Errors out if the key exists already."

  (assert (not (gethash key (oref db :data))) nil
	  "Key already exists in database")

  (assert (not (registry-full db))
	  nil
	  "registry max-hard size limit reached")

  ;; store the entry
  (puthash key entry (oref db :data))

  ;; store the secondary indices
  (dolist (tr (oref db :tracked))
    ;; for every value in the entry under that key...
    (dolist (val (cdr-safe (assq tr entry)))
      (let* ((value-keys (registry-lookup-secondary-value db tr val)))
	(pushnew key value-keys :test 'equal)
	(registry-lookup-secondary-value db tr val value-keys))))
  entry)

(defmethod registry-reindex ((db registry-db))
  "Rebuild the secondary indices of registry-db THIS."
  (let ((count 0)
	(expected (* (length (oref db :tracked)) (registry-size db))))
    (dolist (tr (oref db :tracked))
      (let (values)
	(maphash
	 (lambda (key v)
	   (incf count)
	   (when (and (< 0 expected)
		      (= 0 (mod count 1000)))
	     (message "reindexing: %d of %d (%.2f%%)"
		      count expected (/ (* 100 count) expected)))
	   (dolist (val (cdr-safe (assq tr v)))
	     (let* ((value-keys (registry-lookup-secondary-value db tr val)))
	       (push key value-keys)
	       (registry-lookup-secondary-value db tr val value-keys))))
	 (oref db :data))))))

(defmethod registry-prune ((db registry-db) &optional sortfun)
  "Prunes the registry-db object THIS.
Removes only entries without the :precious keys if it can,
then removes oldest entries first.
Returns the number of deleted entries.
If SORTFUN is given, tries to keep entries that sort *higher*.
SORTFUN is passed only the two keys so it must look them up directly."
  (dolist (collector '(registry-prune-soft-candidates
		       registry-prune-hard-candidates))
    (let* ((size (registry-size db))
	   (collected (funcall collector db))
	   (limit (nth 0 collected))
	   (candidates (nth 1 collected))
	   ;; sort the candidates if SORTFUN was given
	   (candidates (if sortfun (sort candidates sortfun) candidates))
	   (candidates-count (length candidates))
	   ;; are we over max-soft?
	   (prune-needed (> size limit)))

      ;; while we have more candidates than we need to remove...
      (while (and (> candidates-count (- size limit)) candidates)
	(decf candidates-count)
	(setq candidates (cdr candidates)))

      (registry-delete db candidates nil)
      (length candidates))))

(defmethod registry-prune-soft-candidates ((db registry-db))
  "Collects pruning candidates from the registry-db object THIS.
Proposes only entries without the :precious keys."
  (let* ((precious (oref db :precious))
	 (precious-p (lambda (entry-key)
		       (cdr (memq (car entry-key) precious))))
	 (data (oref db :data))
	 (limit (oref db :max-soft))
	 (candidates (loop for k being the hash-keys of data
			   using (hash-values v)
			   when (notany precious-p v)
			   collect k)))
    (list limit candidates)))

(defmethod registry-prune-hard-candidates ((db registry-db))
  "Collects pruning candidates from the registry-db object THIS.
Proposes any entries over the max-hard limit minus size * prune-factor."
  (let* ((data (oref db :data))
	 ;; prune to (size * prune-factor) below the max-hard limit so
	 ;; we're not pruning all the time
	 (limit (max 0 (- (oref db :max-hard)
			  (* (registry-size db) (oref db :prune-factor)))))
	 (candidates (loop for k being the hash-keys of data
			   collect k)))
    (list limit candidates)))

(provide 'registry)
;;; registry.el ends here