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<HTML>

<HEAD>
  <TITLE>
  EMBOSS: maskseq
  </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">

<table align=center border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top>
<A HREF="/" ONMOUSEOVER="self.status='Go to the EMBOSS home page';return true"><img border=0 src="/images/emboss_icon.jpg" alt="" width=150 height=48></a>
</td>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<b><font size="+6">
maskseq
</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
<br>&nbsp;
<p>

<H2>
Wiki
</H2>

The master copies of EMBOSS documentation are available
at <a href="http://emboss.open-bio.org/wiki/Appdocs">
http://emboss.open-bio.org/wiki/Appdocs</a>
on the EMBOSS Wiki.

<p>
Please help by correcting and extending the Wiki pages.

<H2>
    Function
</H2>
Write a sequence with masked regions

<H2>
    Description
</H2>


<p><b>maskseq</b> reads a sequence and writes a masked version of it to file. The sequence is masked in a specified set of regions such that characters in that region are (optionally) converted to lower case and / or (optionally) replaced with the specified mask character.</p>


<H2>
    Usage
</H2>
Here is a sample session with <b>maskseq</b>
<p>
Mask off bases 10 to 12 from a sequence 'prot.fasta' and write to the new sequence file 'prot2.seq': 
<p>

<p>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><pre>

% <b>maskseq prot.fasta prot2.seq -reg=10-12 </b>
Write a sequence with masked regions

</pre></td></tr></table><p>
<p>
<a href="#input.1">Go to the input files for this example</a><br><a href="#output.1">Go to the output files for this example</a><p><p>
<p>
<b>Example 2</b>
<p>
Mask off bases 20 to 30 from a sequence 'prot.fasta' using the character 'x' and write to the new sequence file 'prot2.seq':  
<p>

<p>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><pre>

% <b>maskseq prot.fasta prot2.seq -reg=20-30 -mask=x </b>
Write a sequence with masked regions

</pre></td></tr></table><p>
<p>
<a href="#output.2">Go to the output files for this example</a><p><p>
<p>
<b>Example 3</b>
<p>
Mask off the regions 20 to 23, 34 to 45 and 88 to 90 in 'prot.fasta': 
<p>

<p>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><pre>

% <b>maskseq prot.fasta prot2.seq -reg=20-23,34-45,88-90 </b>
Write a sequence with masked regions

</pre></td></tr></table><p>
<p>
<a href="#output.3">Go to the output files for this example</a><p><p>
<p>
<b>Example 4</b>
<p>
Change to lower-case the regions 20 to 23, 34 to 45 and 88 to 90 in 'prot.fasta': 
<p>

<p>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><pre>

% <b>maskseq prot.fasta prot2.seq -reg=20-23,34-45,88-90 -tolower </b>
Write a sequence with masked regions

</pre></td></tr></table><p>
<p>
<a href="#output.4">Go to the output files for this example</a><p><p>


<H2>
    Command line arguments
</H2>
<table CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 BGCOLOR="#f5f5ff" ><tr><td>
<pre>
Write a sequence with masked regions
Version: EMBOSS:6.6.0.0

   Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
  [-sequence]          sequence   Sequence filename and optional format, or
                                  reference (input USA)
   -regions            range      [None] Regions to mask.
                                  A set of regions is specified by a set of
                                  pairs of positions.
                                  The positions are integers.
                                  They are separated by any non-digit,
                                  non-alpha character.
                                  Examples of region specifications are:
                                  24-45, 56-78
                                  1:45, 67=99;765..888
                                  1,5,8,10,23,45,57,99
  [-outseq]            seqout     [<sequence>.<format>] Sequence filename and
                                  optional format (output USA)

   Additional (Optional) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
   -tolower            toggle     [N] The region can be 'masked' by converting
                                  the sequence characters to lower-case, some
                                  non-EMBOSS programs e.g. fasta can
                                  interpret this as a masked region. The
                                  sequence is unchanged apart from the case
                                  change. You might like to ensure that the
                                  whole sequence is in upper-case before
                                  masking the specified regions to lower-case
                                  by using the '-supper' flag.
*  -maskchar           string     ['X' for protein, 'N' for nucleic] Character
                                  to use when masking.
                                  Default is 'X' for protein sequences, 'N'
                                  for nucleic sequences.
                                  If the mask character is set to be the SPACE
                                  character or a null character, then the
                                  sequence is 'masked' by changing it to
                                  lower-case, just as with the '-lowercase'
                                  flag. (Any string from 1 to 1 characters)

   Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers: (none)
   Associated qualifiers:

   "-sequence" associated qualifiers
   -sbegin1            integer    Start of the sequence to be used
   -send1              integer    End of the sequence to be used
   -sreverse1          boolean    Reverse (if DNA)
   -sask1              boolean    Ask for begin/end/reverse
   -snucleotide1       boolean    Sequence is nucleotide
   -sprotein1          boolean    Sequence is protein
   -slower1            boolean    Make lower case
   -supper1            boolean    Make upper case
   -scircular1         boolean    Sequence is circular
   -squick1            boolean    Read id and sequence only
   -sformat1           string     Input sequence format
   -iquery1            string     Input query fields or ID list
   -ioffset1           integer    Input start position offset
   -sdbname1           string     Database name
   -sid1               string     Entryname
   -ufo1               string     UFO features
   -fformat1           string     Features format
   -fopenfile1         string     Features file name

   "-outseq" associated qualifiers
   -osformat2          string     Output seq format
   -osextension2       string     File name extension
   -osname2            string     Base file name
   -osdirectory2       string     Output directory
   -osdbname2          string     Database name to add
   -ossingle2          boolean    Separate file for each entry
   -oufo2              string     UFO features
   -offormat2          string     Features format
   -ofname2            string     Features file name
   -ofdirectory2       string     Output directory

   General qualifiers:
   -auto               boolean    Turn off prompts
   -stdout             boolean    Write first file to standard output
   -filter             boolean    Read first file from standard input, write
                                  first file to standard output
   -options            boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
   -debug              boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
   -verbose            boolean    Report some/full command line options
   -help               boolean    Report command line options and exit. More
                                  information on associated and general
                                  qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
   -warning            boolean    Report warnings
   -error              boolean    Report errors
   -fatal              boolean    Report fatal errors
   -die                boolean    Report dying program messages
   -version            boolean    Report version number and exit

</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<P>

<table border cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 bgcolor="#ccccff">
<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left">Qualifier</th>
<th align="left">Type</th>
<th align="left">Description</th>
<th align="left">Allowed values</th>
<th align="left">Default</th>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=5>Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers</th>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td>[-sequence]<br>(Parameter 1)</td>
<td>sequence</td>
<td>Sequence filename and optional format, or reference (input USA)</td>
<td>Readable sequence</td>
<td><b>Required</b></td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td>-regions</td>
<td>range</td>
<td>Regions to mask.
A set of regions is specified by a set of pairs of positions.
The positions are integers.
They are separated by any non-digit, non-alpha character.
Examples of region specifications are:
24-45, 56-78
1:45, 67=99;765..888
1,5,8,10,23,45,57,99</td>
<td>Sequence range</td>
<td>None</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td>[-outseq]<br>(Parameter 2)</td>
<td>seqout</td>
<td>Sequence filename and optional format (output USA)</td>
<td>Writeable sequence</td>
<td><i>&lt;*&gt;</i>.<i>format</i></td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=5>Additional (Optional) qualifiers</th>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td>-tolower</td>
<td>toggle</td>
<td>The region can be 'masked' by converting the sequence characters to lower-case, some non-EMBOSS programs e.g. fasta can interpret this as a masked region. The sequence is unchanged apart from the case change. You might like to ensure that the whole sequence is in upper-case before masking the specified regions to lower-case by using the '-supper' flag.</td>
<td>Toggle value Yes/No</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td>-maskchar</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Character to use when masking.
Default is 'X' for protein sequences, 'N' for nucleic sequences.
If the mask character is set to be the SPACE character or a null character, then the sequence is 'masked' by changing it to lower-case, just as with the '-lowercase' flag.</td>
<td>Any string from 1 to 1 characters</td>
<td>'X' for protein, 'N' for nucleic</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=5>Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td colspan=5>(none)</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=5>Associated qualifiers</th>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td align="left" colspan=5>"-sequence" associated sequence qualifiers
</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sbegin1<br>-sbegin_sequence</td>
<td>integer</td>
<td>Start of the sequence to be used</td>
<td>Any integer value</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -send1<br>-send_sequence</td>
<td>integer</td>
<td>End of the sequence to be used</td>
<td>Any integer value</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sreverse1<br>-sreverse_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Reverse (if DNA)</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sask1<br>-sask_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Ask for begin/end/reverse</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -snucleotide1<br>-snucleotide_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Sequence is nucleotide</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sprotein1<br>-sprotein_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Sequence is protein</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -slower1<br>-slower_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Make lower case</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -supper1<br>-supper_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Make upper case</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -scircular1<br>-scircular_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Sequence is circular</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -squick1<br>-squick_sequence</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Read id and sequence only</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sformat1<br>-sformat_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Input sequence format</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -iquery1<br>-iquery_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Input query fields or ID list</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -ioffset1<br>-ioffset_sequence</td>
<td>integer</td>
<td>Input start position offset</td>
<td>Any integer value</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sdbname1<br>-sdbname_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Database name</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -sid1<br>-sid_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Entryname</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -ufo1<br>-ufo_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>UFO features</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -fformat1<br>-fformat_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Features format</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -fopenfile1<br>-fopenfile_sequence</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Features file name</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td align="left" colspan=5>"-outseq" associated seqout qualifiers
</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -osformat2<br>-osformat_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Output seq format</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -osextension2<br>-osextension_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>File name extension</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -osname2<br>-osname_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Base file name</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -osdirectory2<br>-osdirectory_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Output directory</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -osdbname2<br>-osdbname_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Database name to add</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -ossingle2<br>-ossingle_outseq</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Separate file for each entry</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -oufo2<br>-oufo_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>UFO features</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -offormat2<br>-offormat_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Features format</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -ofname2<br>-ofname_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Features file name</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -ofdirectory2<br>-ofdirectory_outseq</td>
<td>string</td>
<td>Output directory</td>
<td>Any string</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=5>General qualifiers</th>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -auto</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Turn off prompts</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -stdout</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Write first file to standard output</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -filter</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Read first file from standard input, write first file to standard output</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -options</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Prompt for standard and additional values</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -debug</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Write debug output to program.dbg</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -verbose</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report some/full command line options</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -help</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report command line options and exit. More information on associated and general qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -warning</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report warnings</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -error</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report errors</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -fatal</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report fatal errors</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -die</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report dying program messages</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>

<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<td> -version</td>
<td>boolean</td>
<td>Report version number and exit</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>

</table>


<H2>
    Input file format
</H2>


<b>maskseq</b> reads in a single nucleotide or protein sequence.

<p>


<a name="input.1"></a>
<h3>Input files for usage example </h3>
<p><h3>File: prot.fasta</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF">
<pre>
&gt;FASTA F00001 FASTA FORMAT PROTEIN SEQUENCE
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>

<p>

You can specify a file of ranges to mask out by giving the '-regions'
qualifier the value '@' followed by the name of the file containing the
ranges. (eg: '-regions @myfile').

<p>

The format of the range file is:

<ul>
<li>Comment lines start with '#' in the first column.
<li>Comment lines and blank lines are ignored.
<li>The line may start with white-space.
<li>There are two positive (integer) numbers per line separated by one or
	more space or TAB characters. 
<li>The second number must be greater or equal to the first number.
<li>There can be optional text after the two numbers to annotate the line. 
<li>White-space before or after the text is removed.
</ul>

<p>

An example range file is:

<p>

<hr>
<pre>
# this is my set of ranges
12   23
 4   5       this is like 12-23, but smaller
67   10348   interesting region
</pre>
<hr>

<H2>
    Output file format
</H2>


<p>

The output is a standard EMBOSS sequence file. 

<p>

The results can be output in one of several styles by using the
command-line qualifier <tt>-osformat xxx</tt>, where 'xxx' is replaced by
the name of the required format.  The available format names are: embl,
genbank, gff, pir, swiss, dasgff, debug, listfile, dbmotif, diffseq, excel,
feattable, motif, nametable, regions, seqtable, simple, srs, table, tagseq.

<p>

See:
<A href="http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/SequenceFormats.html">
http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/SequenceFormats.html</A>
for further information on sequence formats.

<p>
<p>
The sequence file has the selected range masked with the specified character.

<p>


<a name="output.1"></a>
<h3>Output files for usage example </h3>
<p><h3>File: prot2.seq</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFCC">
<pre>
&gt;FASTA F00001 FASTA FORMAT PROTEIN SEQUENCE
ACDEFGHIKXXXPQRSTVWYACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWYACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWYACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>

<a name="output.2"></a>
<h3>Output files for usage example 2</h3>
<p><h3>File: prot2.seq</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFCC">
<pre>
&gt;FASTA F00001 FASTA FORMAT PROTEIN SEQUENCE
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWxxxxxxxxxxxMNPQRSTVWYACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWYACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>

<a name="output.3"></a>
<h3>Output files for usage example 3</h3>
<p><h3>File: prot2.seq</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFCC">
<pre>
&gt;FASTA F00001 FASTA FORMAT PROTEIN SEQUENCE
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWXXXXEFGHIKLMNPXXXXXXXXXXXXGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWYACDEFGHXXXMNPQRSTVWY
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>

<a name="output.4"></a>
<h3>Output files for usage example 4</h3>
<p><h3>File: prot2.seq</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFCC">
<pre>
&gt;FASTA F00001 FASTA FORMAT PROTEIN SEQUENCE
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWyacdEFGHIKLMNPqrstvwyacdefGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY
ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWYACDEFGHiklMNPQRSTVWY
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>

<H2>
    Data files
</H2>

None.

<H2>
    Notes
</H2>

<p>It is common for database searches to mask out low-complexity or biased composition regions of a sequence so that spurious matches do not occur. It is possible that you have a program that has reported such biased regions but which has not masked the sequence itself. In that case, you can use this program to do the masking.</p>

<p>There are other uses for it. For example, some non-EMBOSS programs (for example FASTA) are capable of treating lower-case regions as if they are masked. <b>maskseq</b> can mask a region to lower-case instead of replacing the sequence with <tt>N</tt>'s or <tt>X</tt>'s if you use the qualifier <tt>-tolower</tt> or use a space character as the masking character.</p>


<H2>
    References
</H2>

None.

<H2>
    Warnings
</H2>


You can mask out a complete sequence.

<H2>
    Diagnostic Error Messages
</H2>


Several warning messages about malformed region specifications:
<p>

<ul>
	<li>Non-digit found in region ...
	<li>Unpaired start of a region found in ...
	<li>Non-digit found in region ...
	<li>The start of a pair of region positions must be smaller than the
		end in ... 
</ul>

<H2>
    Exit status
</H2>


	It exits with status 0, unless a region is badly constructed.

<H2>
    Known bugs
</H2>

None.

<h2><a name="See also">See also</a></h2>
<table border cellpadding=4 bgcolor="#FFFFF0">
<tr><th>Program name</th>
<th>Description</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="aligncopy.html">aligncopy</a></td>
<td>Read and write alignments</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="aligncopypair.html">aligncopypair</a></td>
<td>Read and write pairs from alignments</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="biosed.html">biosed</a></td>
<td>Replace or delete sequence sections</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="codcopy.html">codcopy</a></td>
<td>Copy and reformat a codon usage table</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="cutseq.html">cutseq</a></td>
<td>Remove a section from a sequence</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="degapseq.html">degapseq</a></td>
<td>Remove non-alphabetic (e.g. gap) characters from sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="descseq.html">descseq</a></td>
<td>Alter the name or description of a sequence</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="entret.html">entret</a></td>
<td>Retrieve sequence entries from flatfile databases and files</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="extractalign.html">extractalign</a></td>
<td>Extract regions from a sequence alignment</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="extractfeat.html">extractfeat</a></td>
<td>Extract features from sequence(s)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="extractseq.html">extractseq</a></td>
<td>Extract regions from a sequence</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="featcopy.html">featcopy</a></td>
<td>Read and write a feature table</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="featmerge.html">featmerge</a></td>
<td>Merge two overlapping feature tables</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="featreport.html">featreport</a></td>
<td>Read and write a feature table</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="feattext.html">feattext</a></td>
<td>Return a feature table original text</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="listor.html">listor</a></td>
<td>Write a list file of the logical OR of two sets of sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="makenucseq.html">makenucseq</a></td>
<td>Create random nucleotide sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="makeprotseq.html">makeprotseq</a></td>
<td>Create random protein sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="maskambignuc.html">maskambignuc</a></td>
<td>Mask all ambiguity characters in nucleotide sequences with N</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="maskambigprot.html">maskambigprot</a></td>
<td>Mask all ambiguity characters in protein sequences with X</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="maskfeat.html">maskfeat</a></td>
<td>Write a sequence with masked features</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="newseq.html">newseq</a></td>
<td>Create a sequence file from a typed-in sequence</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="nohtml.html">nohtml</a></td>
<td>Remove mark-up (e.g. HTML tags) from an ASCII text file</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="noreturn.html">noreturn</a></td>
<td>Remove carriage return from ASCII files</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="nospace.html">nospace</a></td>
<td>Remove whitespace from an ASCII text file</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="notab.html">notab</a></td>
<td>Replace tabs with spaces in an ASCII text file</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="notseq.html">notseq</a></td>
<td>Write to file a subset of an input stream of sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="nthseq.html">nthseq</a></td>
<td>Write to file a single sequence from an input stream of sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="nthseqset.html">nthseqset</a></td>
<td>Read and write (return) one set of sequences from many</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="pasteseq.html">pasteseq</a></td>
<td>Insert one sequence into another</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="revseq.html">revseq</a></td>
<td>Reverse and complement a nucleotide sequence</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="seqcount.html">seqcount</a></td>
<td>Read and count sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="seqret.html">seqret</a></td>
<td>Read and write (return) sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="seqretsetall.html">seqretsetall</a></td>
<td>Read and write (return) many sets of sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="seqretsplit.html">seqretsplit</a></td>
<td>Read sequences and write them to individual files</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="sizeseq.html">sizeseq</a></td>
<td>Sort sequences by size</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="skipredundant.html">skipredundant</a></td>
<td>Remove redundant sequences from an input set</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="skipseq.html">skipseq</a></td>
<td>Read and write (return) sequences, skipping first few</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="splitsource.html">splitsource</a></td>
<td>Split sequence(s) into original source sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="splitter.html">splitter</a></td>
<td>Split sequence(s) into smaller sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="trimest.html">trimest</a></td>
<td>Remove poly-A tails from nucleotide sequences</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="trimseq.html">trimseq</a></td>
<td>Remove unwanted characters from start and end of sequence(s)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="trimspace.html">trimspace</a></td>
<td>Remove extra whitespace from an ASCII text file</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="union.html">union</a></td>
<td>Concatenate multiple sequences into a single sequence</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="vectorstrip.html">vectorstrip</a></td>
<td>Remove vectors from the ends of nucleotide sequence(s)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><a href="yank.html">yank</a></td>
<td>Add a sequence reference (a full USA) to a list file</td>
</tr>

</table>

<H2>
    Author(s)
</H2>


Gary Williams formerly at:
<br>
MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomics Research
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, UK

<p>
Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team (emboss-bug&nbsp;&copy;&nbsp;emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.


<H2>
    History
</H2>

Completed 3 March 1999

<H2>
    Target users
</H2>

This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from naive users to embedded scripts.


<H2>
    Comments
</H2>
None


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