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|
dan
Wiki
The master copies of EMBOSS documentation are available at
http://emboss.open-bio.org/wiki/Appdocs on the EMBOSS Wiki.
Please help by correcting and extending the Wiki pages.
Function
Calculate nucleic acid melting temperature
Description
Dan calculates the melting temperature (Tm) and the percentage of G+C
nucleotides for windows over a nucleic acid sequence, optionally
plotting them. If a plot is not being produced, dan reports the
sequence of each oligomer window, its melting temperature under the
specified conditions and its percentage GC content. The change in
enthalpy (H), entropy (S) and Gibbs free energy (S) for dissociation of
the oligomers may (optionally) be reported to file (but not plotted).
Algorithm
The values of melting point and other thermodynamic properties of the
sequence, namely change in enthalpy (H), entropy (S) and Gibbs free
energy (S) on dissociation, are calculated for a sequence region (or
"window") of a user-specified size (see "-windowsize" option). The
window is incrementally moved along the sequence with the properties
being calculated at each new position. The user must provide the salt
and DNA concentration. Optionally, the percent formamide, percent of
mismatches allowed and product length may be specified.
For the melting temperature profile, free energy values calculated from
nearest neighbor thermodynamics are used (Breslauer et al. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 83, 3746-3750, Baldino et al. Methods in Enzymol. 168,
761-777, Allawi and SantaLucia (1997), Biochemistry 36:10581-10594).
Usage
Here is a sample session with dan
% dan
Calculate nucleic acid melting temperature
Input nucleotide sequence(s): tembl:x13776
Enter window size [20]:
Enter shift increment [1]:
Enter DNA concentration (nM) [50.]:
Enter salt concentration (mM) [50.]:
Output report [x13776.dan]:
Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example
Example 2
An example of producing a plot of Tm:
% dan -plot -graph cps
Calculate nucleic acid melting temperature
Input nucleotide sequence(s): tembl:x13776
Enter window size [20]:
Enter shift increment [1]:
Enter DNA concentration (nM) [50.]:
Enter salt concentration (mM) [50.]:
Enter minimum temperature [55.]:
Created dan.ps
Go to the output files for this example
Command line arguments
Calculate nucleic acid melting temperature
Version: EMBOSS:6.6.0.0
Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
[-sequence] seqall Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional
format, or reference (input USA)
-windowsize integer [20] The values of melting point and other
thermodynamic properties of the sequence are
determined by taking a short length of
sequence known as a window and determining
the properties of the sequence in that
window. The window is incrementally moved
along the sequence with the properties being
calculated at each new position. (Integer
from 1 to 100)
-shiftincrement integer [1] This is the amount by which the window
is moved at each increment in order to find
the melting point and other properties along
the sequence. (Integer 1 or more)
-dnaconc float [50.] Enter DNA concentration (nM) (Number
from 1.000 to 100000.000)
-saltconc float [50.] Enter salt concentration (mM) (Number
from 1.000 to 1000.000)
* -mintemp float [55.] Enter a minimum value for the
temperature scale (y-axis) of the plot.
(Number from 0.000 to 150.000)
* -graph xygraph [$EMBOSS_GRAPHICS value, or x11] Graph type
(ps, hpgl, hp7470, hp7580, meta, cps, x11,
tek, tekt, none, data, xterm, png, gif, pdf,
svg)
* -outfile report [*.dan] If a plot is not being produced then
data on the melting point etc. in each
window along the sequence is output to the
file. (default -rformat seqtable)
Additional (Optional) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
-product toggle This prompts for percent formamide, percent
of mismatches allowed and product length.
* -formamide float [0.] This specifies the percent formamide to
be used in calculations (it is ignored
unless -product is used). (Number from 0.000
to 100.000)
* -mismatch float [0.] This specifies the percent mismatch to
be used in calculations (it is ignored
unless -product is used). (Number from 0.000
to 100.000)
* -prodlen integer [Window size (20)] This specifies the
product length to be used in calculations
(it is ignored unless -product is used).
(Any integer value)
-thermo toggle Output the DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS values
of the sequence windows to the output data
file.
* -temperature float [25.] If -thermo has been specified then
this specifies the temperature at which to
calculate the DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS
values. (Number from 0.000 to 100.000)
Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers:
-rna boolean This specifies that the sequence is an RNA
sequence and not a DNA sequence.
-plot toggle If this is not specified then the file of
output data is produced, else a plot of the
melting point along the sequence is
produced.
Associated qualifiers:
"-sequence" associated qualifiers
-sbegin1 integer Start of each sequence to be used
-send1 integer End of each sequence to be used
-sreverse1 boolean Reverse (if DNA)
-sask1 boolean Ask for begin/end/reverse
-snucleotide1 boolean Sequence is nucleotide
-sprotein1 boolean Sequence is protein
-slower1 boolean Make lower case
-supper1 boolean Make upper case
-scircular1 boolean Sequence is circular
-squick1 boolean Read id and sequence only
-sformat1 string Input sequence format
-iquery1 string Input query fields or ID list
-ioffset1 integer Input start position offset
-sdbname1 string Database name
-sid1 string Entryname
-ufo1 string UFO features
-fformat1 string Features format
-fopenfile1 string Features file name
"-graph" associated qualifiers
-gprompt boolean Graph prompting
-gdesc string Graph description
-gtitle string Graph title
-gsubtitle string Graph subtitle
-gxtitle string Graph x axis title
-gytitle string Graph y axis title
-goutfile string Output file for non interactive displays
-gdirectory string Output directory
"-outfile" associated qualifiers
-rformat string Report format
-rname string Base file name
-rextension string File name extension
-rdirectory string Output directory
-raccshow boolean Show accession number in the report
-rdesshow boolean Show description in the report
-rscoreshow boolean Show the score in the report
-rstrandshow boolean Show the nucleotide strand in the report
-rusashow boolean Show the full USA in the report
-rmaxall integer Maximum total hits to report
-rmaxseq integer Maximum hits to report for one sequence
General qualifiers:
-auto boolean Turn off prompts
-stdout boolean Write first file to standard output
-filter boolean Read first file from standard input, write
first file to standard output
-options boolean Prompt for standard and additional values
-debug boolean Write debug output to program.dbg
-verbose boolean Report some/full command line options
-help boolean Report command line options and exit. More
information on associated and general
qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
-warning boolean Report warnings
-error boolean Report errors
-fatal boolean Report fatal errors
-die boolean Report dying program messages
-version boolean Report version number and exit
Input file format
dan reads one or more nucleotide sequences.
The input is a standard EMBOSS sequence query (also known as a 'USA').
Major sequence database sources defined as standard in EMBOSS
installations include srs:embl, srs:uniprot and ensembl
Data can also be read from sequence output in any supported format
written by an EMBOSS or third-party application.
The input format can be specified by using the command-line qualifier
-sformat xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the name of the required
format. The available format names are: gff (gff3), gff2, embl (em),
genbank (gb, refseq), ddbj, refseqp, pir (nbrf), swissprot (swiss, sw),
dasgff and debug.
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/SequenceFormats.html for further
information on sequence formats.
Input files for usage example
'tembl:x13776' is a sequence entry in the example nucleic acid database
'tembl'
Database entry: tembl:x13776
ID X13776; SV 1; linear; genomic DNA; STD; PRO; 2167 BP.
XX
AC X13776; M43175;
XX
DT 19-APR-1989 (Rel. 19, Created)
DT 14-NOV-2006 (Rel. 89, Last updated, Version 24)
XX
DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa amiC and amiR gene for aliphatic amidase regulation
XX
KW aliphatic amidase regulator; amiC gene; amiR gene.
XX
OS Pseudomonas aeruginosa
OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Pseudomonadales;
OC Pseudomonadaceae; Pseudomonas.
XX
RN [1]
RP 1167-2167
RA Rice P.M.;
RT ;
RL Submitted (16-DEC-1988) to the INSDC.
RL Rice P.M., EMBL, Postfach 10-2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG.
XX
RN [2]
RP 1167-2167
RX DOI; 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80249-2.
RX PUBMED; 2495988.
RA Lowe N., Rice P.M., Drew R.E.;
RT "Nucleotide sequence of the aliphatic amidase regulator gene (amiR) of
RT Pseudomonas aeruginosa";
RL FEBS Lett. 246(1-2):39-43(1989).
XX
RN [3]
RP 1-1292
RX PUBMED; 1907262.
RA Wilson S., Drew R.;
RT "Cloning and DNA sequence of amiC, a new gene regulating expression of the
RT Pseudomonas aeruginosa aliphatic amidase, and purification of the amiC
RT product";
RL J. Bacteriol. 173(16):4914-4921(1991).
XX
RN [4]
RP 1-2167
RA Rice P.M.;
RT ;
RL Submitted (04-SEP-1991) to the INSDC.
RL Rice P.M., EMBL, Postfach 10-2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG.
XX
DR GOA; Q51417.
DR InterPro; IPR003211; AmiSUreI_transpt.
DR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot; Q51417; AMIS_PSEAE.
[Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]
FT /note="ClaI fragment deleted in pSW36, constitutive
FT phenotype"
FT misc_feature 1
FT /note="last base of an XhoI site"
FT misc_feature 648..653
FT /note="end of 658bp XhoI fragment, deletion in pSW3 causes
FT constitutive expression of amiE"
FT misc_difference 1281
FT /replace="g"
FT /note="conflict"
FT /citation=[3]
XX
SQ Sequence 2167 BP; 363 A; 712 C; 730 G; 362 T; 0 other;
ggtaccgctg gccgagcatc tgctcgatca ccaccagccg ggcgacggga actgcacgat 60
ctacctggcg agcctggagc acgagcgggt tcgcttcgta cggcgctgag cgacagtcac 120
aggagaggaa acggatggga tcgcaccagg agcggccgct gatcggcctg ctgttctccg 180
aaaccggcgt caccgccgat atcgagcgct cgcacgcgta tggcgcattg ctcgcggtcg 240
agcaactgaa ccgcgagggc ggcgtcggcg gtcgcccgat cgaaacgctg tcccaggacc 300
ccggcggcga cccggaccgc tatcggctgt gcgccgagga cttcattcgc aaccgggggg 360
tacggttcct cgtgggctgc tacatgtcgc acacgcgcaa ggcggtgatg ccggtggtcg 420
agcgcgccga cgcgctgctc tgctacccga ccccctacga gggcttcgag tattcgccga 480
acatcgtcta cggcggtccg gcgccgaacc agaacagtgc gccgctggcg gcgtacctga 540
ttcgccacta cggcgagcgg gtggtgttca tcggctcgga ctacatctat ccgcgggaaa 600
gcaaccatgt gatgcgccac ctgtatcgcc agcacggcgg cacggtgctc gaggaaatct 660
acattccgct gtatccctcc gacgacgact tgcagcgcgc cgtcgagcgc atctaccagg 720
cgcgcgccga cgtggtcttc tccaccgtgg tgggcaccgg caccgccgag ctgtatcgcg 780
ccatcgcccg tcgctacggc gacggcaggc ggccgccgat cgccagcctg accaccagcg 840
aggcggaggt ggcgaagatg gagagtgacg tggcagaggg gcaggtggtg gtcgcgcctt 900
acttctccag catcgatacg cccgccagcc gggccttcgt ccaggcctgc catggtttct 960
tcccggagaa cgcgaccatc accgcctggg ccgaggcggc ctactggcag accttgttgc 1020
tcggccgcgc cgcgcaggcc gcaggcaact ggcgggtgga agacgtgcag cggcacctgt 1080
acgacatcga catcgacgcg ccacaggggc cggtccgggt ggagcgccag aacaaccaca 1140
gccgcctgtc ttcgcgcatc gcggaaatcg atgcgcgcgg cgtgttccag gtccgctggc 1200
agtcgcccga accgattcgc cccgaccctt atgtcgtcgt gcataacctc gacgactggt 1260
ccgccagcat gggcggggga ccgctcccat gagcgccaac tcgctgctcg gcagcctgcg 1320
cgagttgcag gtgctggtcc tcaacccgcc gggggaggtc agcgacgccc tggtcttgca 1380
gctgatccgc atcggttgtt cggtgcgcca gtgctggccg ccgccggaag ccttcgacgt 1440
gccggtggac gtggtcttca ccagcatttt ccagaatggc caccacgacg agatcgctgc 1500
gctgctcgcc gccgggactc cgcgcactac cctggtggcg ctggtggagt acgaaagccc 1560
cgcggtgctc tcgcagatca tcgagctgga gtgccacggc gtgatcaccc agccgctcga 1620
tgcccaccgg gtgctgcctg tgctggtatc ggcgcggcgc atcagcgagg aaatggcgaa 1680
gctgaagcag aagaccgagc agctccagga ccgcatcgcc ggccaggccc ggatcaacca 1740
ggccaaggtg ttgctgatgc agcgccatgg ctgggacgag cgcgaggcgc accagcacct 1800
gtcgcgggaa gcgatgaagc ggcgcgagcc gatcctgaag atcgctcagg agttgctggg 1860
aaacgagccg tccgcctgag cgatccgggc cgaccagaac aataacaaga ggggtatcgt 1920
catcatgctg ggactggttc tgctgtacgt tggcgcggtg ctgtttctca atgccgtctg 1980
gttgctgggc aagatcagcg gtcgggaggt ggcggtgatc aacttcctgg tcggcgtgct 2040
gagcgcctgc gtcgcgttct acctgatctt ttccgcagca gccgggcagg gctcgctgaa 2100
ggccggagcg ctgaccctgc tattcgcttt tacctatctg tgggtggccg ccaaccagtt 2160
cctcgag 2167
//
Output file format
If a plot is not being produced, dan reports the sequence of each
oligomer window, its melting temperature under the specified conditions
and its GC content.
The output is a standard EMBOSS report file.
The results can be output in one of several styles by using the
command-line qualifier -rformat xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the
name of the required format. The available format names are: embl,
genbank, gff, pir, swiss, dasgff, debug, listfile, dbmotif, diffseq,
draw, restrict, excel, feattable, motif, nametable, regions, seqtable,
simple, srs, table, tagseq.
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/ReportFormats.html for further
information on report formats.
By default dan writes a 'seqtable' report file.
The output is to the specified graphics device.
The results can be output in one of several formats by using the
command-line qualifier -graph xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the name
of the required device. Support depends on the availability of
third-party software packages.
The device names that output to a file are: ps (postscript), cps
(colourps), png, gif, pdf, svg, hpgl, hp7470, hp7580, das, data.
The other available device names are: meta, x11 (xwindows), tek
(tek4107t), tekt (tektronix), xterm, text.
Output can be turned off by specifying none (null).
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/GraphicsDevices.html for further
information on supported devices.
If the -plot qualifier is used, graphical output is produced instead.
Output files for usage example
File: x13776.dan
########################################
# Program: dan
# Rundate: Mon 15 Jul 2013 12:00:00
# Commandline: dan
# -sequence tembl:x13776
# Report_format: seqtable
# Report_file: x13776.dan
########################################
#=======================================
#
# Sequence: X13776 from: 1 to: 2167
# HitCount: 2148
#=======================================
Start End Strand Tm GC DeltaG DeltaH DeltaS TmProd Sequence
1 20 + 64.9 70.0 . . . . ggtaccgctggccg
agcatc
2 21 + 63.7 65.0 . . . . gtaccgctggccga
gcatct
3 22 + 63.7 65.0 . . . . taccgctggccgag
catctg
4 23 + 66.9 70.0 . . . . accgctggccgagc
atctgc
5 24 + 66.7 70.0 . . . . ccgctggccgagca
tctgct
6 25 + 65.5 70.0 . . . . cgctggccgagcat
ctgctc
7 26 + 65.5 70.0 . . . . gctggccgagcatc
tgctcg
8 27 + 63.7 65.0 . . . . ctggccgagcatct
gctcga
9 28 + 62.9 60.0 . . . . tggccgagcatctg
ctcgat
10 29 + 62.6 65.0 . . . . ggccgagcatctgc
tcgatc
11 30 + 61.7 60.0 . . . . gccgagcatctgct
cgatca
12 31 + 60.2 60.0 . . . . ccgagcatctgctc
gatcac
13 32 + 60.2 60.0 . . . . cgagcatctgctcg
atcacc
14 33 + 59.0 55.0 . . . . gagcatctgctcga
tcacca
15 34 + 59.2 55.0 . . . . agcatctgctcgat
caccac
16 35 + 60.4 60.0 . . . . gcatctgctcgatc
accacc
17 36 + 58.9 55.0 . . . . catctgctcgatca
ccacca
18 37 + 58.6 55.0 . . . . atctgctcgatcac
caccag
19 38 + 61.3 60.0 . . . . tctgctcgatcacc
accagc
20 39 + 62.4 65.0 . . . . ctgctcgatcacca
ccagcc
21 40 + 63.9 65.0 . . . . tgctcgatcaccac
cagccg
22 41 + 64.9 70.0 . . . . gctcgatcaccacc
agccgg
23 42 + 64.3 70.0 . . . . ctcgatcaccacca
gccggg
24 43 + 66.1 70.0 . . . . tcgatcaccaccag
ccgggc
25 44 + 67.5 75.0 . . . . cgatcaccaccagc
cgggcg
26 45 + 66.1 70.0 . . . . gatcaccaccagcc
gggcga
27 46 + 66.3 70.0 . . . . atcaccaccagccg
ggcgac
28 47 + 68.6 75.0 . . . . tcaccaccagccgg
gcgacg
29 48 + 69.8 80.0 . . . . caccaccagccggg
cgacgg
30 49 + 70.7 80.0 . . . . accaccagccgggc
gacggg
31 50 + 70.5 80.0 . . . . ccaccagccgggcg
acggga
32 51 + 68.6 75.0 . . . . caccagccgggcga
cgggaa
33 52 + 68.6 75.0 . . . . accagccgggcgac
gggaac
34 53 + 68.4 75.0 . . . . ccagccgggcgacg
ggaact
[Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]
2101 2120 + 69.9 80.0 . . . . ggccggagcgctga
ccctgc
2102 2121 + 68.7 75.0 . . . . gccggagcgctgac
cctgct
2103 2122 + 65.5 70.0 . . . . ccggagcgctgacc
ctgcta
2104 2123 + 63.5 65.0 . . . . cggagcgctgaccc
tgctat
2105 2124 + 61.3 60.0 . . . . ggagcgctgaccct
gctatt
2106 2125 + 60.1 60.0 . . . . gagcgctgaccctg
ctattc
2107 2126 + 61.7 60.0 . . . . agcgctgaccctgc
tattcg
2108 2127 + 63.4 65.0 . . . . gcgctgaccctgct
attcgc
2109 2128 + 61.7 60.0 . . . . cgctgaccctgcta
ttcgct
2110 2129 + 59.5 55.0 . . . . gctgaccctgctat
tcgctt
2111 2130 + 57.1 50.0 . . . . ctgaccctgctatt
cgcttt
2112 2131 + 56.4 45.0 . . . . tgaccctgctattc
gctttt
2113 2132 + 54.7 45.0 . . . . gaccctgctattcg
ctttta
2114 2133 + 55.0 45.0 . . . . accctgctattcgc
ttttac
2115 2134 + 55.9 50.0 . . . . ccctgctattcgct
tttacc
2116 2135 + 54.7 45.0 . . . . cctgctattcgctt
ttacct
2117 2136 + 52.0 40.0 . . . . ctgctattcgcttt
taccta
2118 2137 + 51.2 35.0 . . . . tgctattcgctttt
acctat
2119 2138 + 50.9 40.0 . . . . gctattcgctttta
cctatc
2120 2139 + 49.0 35.0 . . . . ctattcgcttttac
ctatct
2121 2140 + 49.3 35.0 . . . . tattcgcttttacc
tatctg
2122 2141 + 51.1 35.0 . . . . attcgcttttacct
atctgt
2123 2142 + 52.2 40.0 . . . . ttcgcttttaccta
tctgtg
2124 2143 + 54.0 45.0 . . . . tcgcttttacctat
ctgtgg
2125 2144 + 55.2 50.0 . . . . cgcttttacctatc
tgtggg
2126 2145 + 53.9 45.0 . . . . gcttttacctatct
gtgggt
2127 2146 + 52.3 45.0 . . . . cttttacctatctg
tgggtg
2128 2147 + 53.5 45.0 . . . . ttttacctatctgt
gggtgg
2129 2148 + 56.0 50.0 . . . . tttacctatctgtg
ggtggc
2130 2149 + 57.8 55.0 . . . . ttacctatctgtgg
gtggcc
2131 2150 + 60.1 60.0 . . . . tacctatctgtggg
tggccg
2132 2151 + 63.4 65.0 . . . . acctatctgtgggt
ggccgc
2133 2152 + 64.3 70.0 . . . . cctatctgtgggtg
gccgcc
2134 2153 + 63.4 65.0 . . . . ctatctgtgggtgg
ccgcca
2135 2154 + 62.7 60.0 . . . . tatctgtgggtggc
cgccaa
2136 2155 + 64.5 65.0 . . . . atctgtgggtggcc
gccaac
2137 2156 + 66.5 70.0 . . . . tctgtgggtggccg
ccaacc
2138 2157 + 66.8 70.0 . . . . ctgtgggtggccgc
caacca
2139 2158 + 66.8 70.0 . . . . tgtgggtggccgcc
aaccag
2140 2159 + 66.8 70.0 . . . . gtgggtggccgcca
accagt
2141 2160 + 65.9 65.0 . . . . tgggtggccgccaa
ccagtt
2142 2161 + 65.6 70.0 . . . . gggtggccgccaac
cagttc
2143 2162 + 65.6 70.0 . . . . ggtggccgccaacc
agttcc
2144 2163 + 64.4 65.0 . . . . gtggccgccaacca
gttcct
2145 2164 + 64.1 65.0 . . . . tggccgccaaccag
ttcctc
2146 2165 + 65.4 70.0 . . . . ggccgccaaccagt
tcctcg
2147 2166 + 64.2 65.0 . . . . gccgccaaccagtt
cctcga
2148 2167 + 62.4 65.0 . . . . ccgccaaccagttc
ctcgag
#---------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------
Output files for usage example 2
Graphics File: dan.ps
[dan results]
The header information contains details of the program, date and
sequence
Subsequent lines contain columns of data for each window into the
sequence as it is moved along, giving:
* The start postion of the window
* The end position of the window
* The melting temperature of the window
* The percentage C+G of the window
* The sequence of the window
If the qualifier '-product' is used to make the program prompt for
percent formamide percent of mismatches allowed and product length,
then the output includes the melting temperature of the specified
product.
If the qualifier '-thermo' is gived then the DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS
of the sequence in the window is also output.
Data files
The EMBOSS data files "Edna.melt" and "Erna.melt" are used to read in
the entropy/enthalpy/energy data for DNA and RNA respectively.
EMBOSS data files are distributed with the application and stored in
the standard EMBOSS data directory, which is defined by the EMBOSS
environment variable EMBOSS_DATA.
To see the available EMBOSS data files, run:
% embossdata -showall
To fetch one of the data files (for example 'Exxx.dat') into your
current directory for you to inspect or modify, run:
% embossdata -fetch -file Exxx.dat
Users can provide their own data files in their own directories.
Project specific files can be put in the current directory, or for
tidier directory listings in a subdirectory called ".embossdata". Files
for all EMBOSS runs can be put in the user's home directory, or again
in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".
The directories are searched in the following order:
* . (your current directory)
* .embossdata (under your current directory)
* ~/ (your home directory)
* ~/.embossdata
Notes
The enthalpy of a reaction equates to the "heat" of the reaction so
long as temperate and pressure are constant. Enthalpy depends upon the
strength of the chemical bonds and non-bonding interactions involved.
The entropy of a reaction reflects the level of disorder or randomness
of the molecules involved. The higher the entropy, the greater the
disorder. The free energy of a reaction reflects it's ability to do
work. It helps one determine whether a reaction is feasible given a set
of conditions and it's quilibrium.
References
1. Breslauer, K.J., Frank, R., Blocker, H., and Marky, L.A. (1986).
"Predicting DNA Duplex Stability from the Base Sequence."
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 83, 3746-3750.
2. Baldino, M., Jr. (1989). "High Resolution In Situ Hybridization
Histochemistry." In Methods in Enzymology, (P.M. Conn, ed.), 168,
761-777, Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
3. Allawi H.T. and SantaLucia J. Jr. (1997), "Thermodynamics and NMR
of Internal G*T Mismatches in DNA" Biochemistry 36, 10581-10594.
Warnings
RNA sequences must be submited to this application with the '-rna'
qualifier on the command line, otherwise the sequence will be assumed
to be DNA.
Diagnostic Error Messages
None.
Exit status
0 if successful.
Known bugs
None.
See also
Program name Description
banana Plot bending and curvature data for B-DNA
btwisted Calculate the twisting in a B-DNA sequence
chaos Draw a chaos game representation plot for a nucleotide sequence
compseq Calculate the composition of unique words in sequences
density Draw a nucleic acid density plot
freak Generate residue/base frequency table or plot
isochore Plot isochores in DNA sequences
wordcount Count and extract unique words in molecular sequence(s)
Author(s)
This program was originally included in EGCG under the names "MELT" and
"MELTPLOT", written by Rodrigo Lopez
European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team
(emboss-bug (c) emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.
This application was written by Alan Bleasby
European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team
(emboss-bug (c) emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.
History
Written (1999) - Alan Bleasby
Target users
This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from
naive users to embedded scripts.
Comments
None
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