File: interpolation_device.cpp

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// Copyright 2009-2021 Intel Corporation
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

#include "interpolation_device.h"
#include "../common/tutorial/optics.h"

namespace embree {

//#define FORCE_FIXED_EDGE_TESSELLATION
#define FIXED_EDGE_TESSELLATION_VALUE 16

#define MAX_EDGE_LEVEL 64.0f
#define MIN_EDGE_LEVEL  4.0f
#define LEVEL_FACTOR  128.0f

/* scene data */
RTCScene g_scene = nullptr;
TutorialData data;
unsigned int triCubeID, quadCubeID;

#define NUM_VERTICES 8

__aligned(16) float cube_vertices[8][4] =
{
  { -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  { -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  { -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  { -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f }
};

__aligned(16) float cube_vertex_colors[8][4] =
{
  {  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f }
};

__aligned(16) float cube_vertex_crease_weights[8] = {
  inf, inf,inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf
};

__aligned(16) unsigned int cube_vertex_crease_indices[8] = {
  0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
};

__aligned(16) float cube_edge_crease_weights[12] = {
  inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf, inf
};

__aligned(16) unsigned int cube_edge_crease_indices[24] =
{
  0,1, 1,2, 2,3, 3,0,
  4,5, 5,6, 6,7, 7,4,
  0,4, 1,5, 2,6, 3,7,
};

#define NUM_QUAD_INDICES 24
#define NUM_QUAD_FACES 6

unsigned int cube_quad_indices[24] = {
  0, 4, 5, 1,
  1, 5, 6, 2,
  2, 6, 7, 3,
  0, 3, 7, 4,
  4, 7, 6, 5,
  0, 1, 2, 3,
};

unsigned int cube_quad_faces[6] = {
  4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
};

#define NUM_TRI_INDICES 36
#define NUM_TRI_FACES 12

unsigned int cube_tri_indices[36] = {
  1, 4, 5,  0, 4, 1,
  2, 5, 6,  1, 5, 2,
  3, 6, 7,  2, 6, 3,
  4, 3, 7,  0, 3, 4,
  5, 7, 6,  4, 7, 5,
  3, 1, 2,  0, 1, 3
};

unsigned int cube_tri_faces[12] = {
  3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3
};

#define NUM_HAIR_VERTICES 4

__aligned(16) float hair_vertices[4][4] =
{
  { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.1f },
  { 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.1f },
  { 0.0f, 2.0f, -0.5f, 0.1f },
  { 0.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f, 0.1f }
};

__aligned(16) float hair_vertex_colors[4][4] =
{
  {  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f },
  {  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
  {  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f },
};

unsigned int hair_indices[1] = {
  0
};

inline float updateEdgeLevel(const Vec3fa& cam_pos, Vec3fa* vtx, unsigned int* indices, const unsigned int e0, const unsigned int e1)
{
  const Vec3fa v0 = vtx[indices[e0]];
  const Vec3fa v1 = vtx[indices[e1]];
  const Vec3fa edge = v1-v0;
  const Vec3fa P = 0.5f*(v1+v0);
  const Vec3fa dist = cam_pos - P;
  const float level = max(min(LEVEL_FACTOR*(0.5f*length(edge)/length(dist)),MAX_EDGE_LEVEL),MIN_EDGE_LEVEL);
  return level;
}

/* adds a subdiv cube to the scene */
unsigned int addTriangleSubdivCube (RTCScene scene_i, const Vec3fa& pos)
{
  RTCGeometry geom = rtcNewGeometry(g_device, RTC_GEOMETRY_TYPE_SUBDIVISION);

  //rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, cube_vertices, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa  ), NUM_VERTICES);
  Vec3fa* vtx = (Vec3fa*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_VERTICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_VERTICES; i++) vtx[i] = Vec3fa(cube_vertices[i][0]+pos.x,cube_vertices[i][1]+pos.y,cube_vertices[i][2]+pos.z);

  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_INDEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT, cube_tri_indices, 0, sizeof(unsigned int), NUM_TRI_INDICES);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_FACE,  0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT, cube_tri_faces,   0, sizeof(unsigned int), NUM_TRI_FACES);

  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_EDGE_CREASE_INDEX,  0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT2, cube_edge_crease_indices, 0, 2*sizeof(unsigned int), 0);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_EDGE_CREASE_WEIGHT, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT, cube_edge_crease_weights, 0, sizeof(float),          0);

  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_CREASE_INDEX,  0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT,  cube_vertex_crease_indices, 0, sizeof(unsigned int), 0);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_CREASE_WEIGHT, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT, cube_vertex_crease_weights, 0, sizeof(float),        0);

  rtcSetGeometryVertexAttributeCount(geom,1);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, cube_vertex_colors, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_VERTICES);

  float* level = (float*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_LEVEL, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT, sizeof(float), NUM_TRI_INDICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_TRI_INDICES; i++) level[i] = FIXED_EDGE_TESSELLATION_VALUE;

  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
  unsigned int geomID = rtcAttachGeometry(scene_i, geom);
  rtcReleaseGeometry(geom);
  return geomID;
}

void setTriangleSubdivCubeLevels (RTCGeometry geom, const Vec3fa& cam_pos)
{
  Vec3fa* vtx = (Vec3fa*) rtcGetGeometryBufferData(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0);
  if (vtx == nullptr) return;
  float* level = (float*) rtcGetGeometryBufferData(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_LEVEL, 0);
  if (level == nullptr) return;

  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_TRI_INDICES; i+=3)
  {
    level[i+0] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_tri_indices, i+0, i+1);
    level[i+1] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_tri_indices, i+1, i+2);
    level[i+2] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_tri_indices, i+2, i+0);
  }

  rtcUpdateGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_LEVEL, 0);
  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
}

/* adds a subdiv cube to the scene */
unsigned int addQuadSubdivCube (RTCScene scene_i, const Vec3fa& pos)
{
  RTCGeometry geom = rtcNewGeometry(g_device, RTC_GEOMETRY_TYPE_SUBDIVISION);

  //rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, cube_vertices, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa  ), NUM_VERTICES);
  Vec3fa* vtx = (Vec3fa*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_VERTICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_VERTICES; i++) vtx[i] = Vec3fa(cube_vertices[i][0]+pos.x,cube_vertices[i][1]+pos.y,cube_vertices[i][2]+pos.z);

  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_INDEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT, cube_quad_indices, 0, sizeof(unsigned int), NUM_QUAD_INDICES);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_FACE,  0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT, cube_quad_faces,   0, sizeof(unsigned int), NUM_QUAD_FACES);

  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_EDGE_CREASE_INDEX,  0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT2, cube_edge_crease_indices, 0, 2*sizeof(unsigned int), 0);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_EDGE_CREASE_WEIGHT, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT, cube_edge_crease_weights, 0, sizeof(float),          0);

  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_CREASE_INDEX,  0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT,  cube_vertex_crease_indices, 0, sizeof(unsigned int), 0);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_CREASE_WEIGHT, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT, cube_vertex_crease_weights, 0, sizeof(float),        0);

  rtcSetGeometryVertexAttributeCount(geom,1);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, cube_vertex_colors, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_VERTICES);

  float* level = (float*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_LEVEL, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT, sizeof(float), NUM_QUAD_INDICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_QUAD_INDICES; i++) level[i] = FIXED_EDGE_TESSELLATION_VALUE;

  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
  unsigned int geomID = rtcAttachGeometry(scene_i, geom);
  rtcReleaseGeometry(geom);
  return geomID;
}

void setQuadSubdivCubeLevels (RTCGeometry geom, const Vec3fa& cam_pos)
{
  Vec3fa* vtx = (Vec3fa*) rtcGetGeometryBufferData(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0);
  if (vtx == nullptr) return;
  float* level = (float*) rtcGetGeometryBufferData(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_LEVEL, 0);
  if (level == nullptr) return;

  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_QUAD_INDICES; i+=4)
  {
    level[i+0] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_quad_indices, i+0, i+1);
    level[i+1] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_quad_indices, i+1, i+2);
    level[i+2] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_quad_indices, i+2, i+3);
    level[i+3] = updateEdgeLevel(cam_pos, vtx, cube_quad_indices, i+3, i+0);
  }

  rtcUpdateGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_LEVEL, 0);
  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
}

/* adds a triangle cube to the scene */
unsigned int addTriangleCube (RTCScene scene_i, const Vec3fa& pos)
{
  RTCGeometry geom = rtcNewGeometry(g_device, RTC_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLE);

  //rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, cube_vertices, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa  ), NUM_VERTICES);
  Vec3fa* vtx = (Vec3fa*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_VERTICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_VERTICES; i++) vtx[i] = Vec3fa(cube_vertices[i][0]+pos.x,cube_vertices[i][1]+pos.y,cube_vertices[i][2]+pos.z);

  rtcSetGeometryVertexAttributeCount(geom,1);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_INDEX,            0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT3,  cube_tri_indices,   0, 3*sizeof(unsigned int), NUM_TRI_INDICES/3);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, cube_vertex_colors, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa),         NUM_VERTICES);

  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
  unsigned int geomID = rtcAttachGeometry(scene_i, geom);
  rtcReleaseGeometry(geom);
  return geomID;
}

/* adds a quad cube to the scene */
unsigned int addQuadCube (RTCScene scene_i, const Vec3fa& pos)
{
  RTCGeometry geom = rtcNewGeometry(g_device, RTC_GEOMETRY_TYPE_QUAD);

  //rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, cube_vertices, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa  ), NUM_VERTICES);
  Vec3fa* vtx = (Vec3fa*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_VERTICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_VERTICES; i++) vtx[i] = Vec3fa(cube_vertices[i][0]+pos.x,cube_vertices[i][1]+pos.y,cube_vertices[i][2]+pos.z);

  rtcSetGeometryVertexAttributeCount(geom,1);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_INDEX,            0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT4,  cube_quad_indices,  0, 4*sizeof(unsigned int), NUM_QUAD_INDICES/4);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, cube_vertex_colors, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa),         NUM_VERTICES);

  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
  unsigned int geomID = rtcAttachGeometry(scene_i, geom);
  rtcReleaseGeometry(geom);
  return geomID;
}

/* add curve geometry */
unsigned int addCurve (RTCScene scene, const Vec3fa& pos)
{
  RTCGeometry geom = rtcNewGeometry (g_device, RTC_GEOMETRY_TYPE_ROUND_BEZIER_CURVE);

  //rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, hair_vertices, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa), NUM_HAIR_VERTICES);
  Vec3ff* vtx = (Vec3ff*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT4, sizeof(Vec3ff), NUM_HAIR_VERTICES);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<NUM_HAIR_VERTICES; i++) {
    vtx[i].x = hair_vertices[i][0]+pos.x;
    vtx[i].y = hair_vertices[i][1]+pos.y;
    vtx[i].z = hair_vertices[i][2]+pos.z;
    vtx[i].w = hair_vertices[i][3];
  }

  rtcSetGeometryVertexAttributeCount(geom,1);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_INDEX,            0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT,   hair_indices,       0, sizeof(unsigned int), 1);
  rtcSetSharedGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, hair_vertex_colors, 0, sizeof(Vec3fa),       NUM_HAIR_VERTICES);

  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
  unsigned int geomID = rtcAttachGeometry(scene, geom);
  rtcReleaseGeometry(geom);
  return geomID;
}

/* adds a ground plane to the scene */
unsigned int addGroundPlane (RTCScene scene_i)
{
  /* create a triangulated plane with 2 triangles and 4 vertices */
  RTCGeometry geom = rtcNewGeometry (g_device, RTC_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLE);

  /* set vertices */
  Vertex* vertices = (Vertex*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_FLOAT3, sizeof(Vertex), 4);
  vertices[0].x = -10; vertices[0].y = -2; vertices[0].z = -10;
  vertices[1].x = -10; vertices[1].y = -2; vertices[1].z = +10;
  vertices[2].x = +10; vertices[2].y = -2; vertices[2].z = -10;
  vertices[3].x = +10; vertices[3].y = -2; vertices[3].z = +10;

  /* set triangles */
  Triangle* triangles = (Triangle*) rtcSetNewGeometryBuffer(geom, RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_INDEX, 0, RTC_FORMAT_UINT3, sizeof(Triangle), 2);
  triangles[0].v0 = 0; triangles[0].v1 = 1; triangles[0].v2 = 2;
  triangles[1].v0 = 1; triangles[1].v1 = 3; triangles[1].v2 = 2;

  rtcCommitGeometry(geom);
  unsigned int geomID = rtcAttachGeometry(scene_i, geom);
  rtcReleaseGeometry(geom);
  return geomID;
}

/* called by the C++ code for initialization */
extern "C" void device_init (char* cfg)
{
   /* create scene */
  TutorialData_Constructor(&data);
  g_scene = data.scene = rtcNewScene(g_device);

  /* add ground plane */
  addGroundPlane(g_scene);

  /* add cubes */
  addCurve(g_scene,Vec3fa(4.0f,-1.0f,-3.5f));
  quadCubeID = addQuadSubdivCube(g_scene,Vec3fa(4.0f,0.0f,0.0f));
  triCubeID  = addTriangleSubdivCube(g_scene,Vec3fa(4.0f,0.0f,3.5f));
  addTriangleCube(g_scene,Vec3fa(0.0f,0.0f,-3.0f));
  addQuadCube(g_scene,Vec3fa(0.0f,0.0f,3.0f));

  /* commit changes to scene */
  rtcCommitScene (g_scene);
}

/* task that renders a single screen tile */
Vec3fa renderPixel(const TutorialData& data, float x, float y, const ISPCCamera& camera, RayStats& stats)
{
  RTCIntersectContext context;
  rtcInitIntersectContext(&context);
  
  /* initialize ray */
  Ray ray(Vec3fa(camera.xfm.p), Vec3fa(normalize(x*camera.xfm.l.vx + y*camera.xfm.l.vy + camera.xfm.l.vz)), 0.0f, inf);

  /* intersect ray with scene */
  rtcIntersect1(data.scene,&context,RTCRayHit_(ray));
  RayStats_addRay(stats);

  /* shade pixels */
  Vec3fa color = Vec3fa(0.0f);
  if (ray.geomID != RTC_INVALID_GEOMETRY_ID)
  {
    /* interpolate diffuse color */
    Vec3fa diffuse = Vec3fa(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
    if (ray.geomID > 0)
    {
      auto geomID = ray.geomID; {
        rtcInterpolate0(rtcGetGeometry(data.scene,geomID),ray.primID,ray.u,ray.v,RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE,0,&diffuse.x,3);
      }
      //return diffuse;
      diffuse = 0.5f*diffuse;
    }

    /* calculate smooth shading normal */
    Vec3fa Ng = ray.Ng;
    if (ray.geomID == 2 || ray.geomID == 3) {
      Vec3fa dPdu,dPdv;
      auto geomID = ray.geomID; {
        rtcInterpolate1(rtcGetGeometry(data.scene,geomID),ray.primID,ray.u,ray.v,RTC_BUFFER_TYPE_VERTEX,0,nullptr,&dPdu.x,&dPdv.x,3);
      }
      //return dPdu;
      Ng = cross(dPdu,dPdv);
    }
    Ng = normalize(Ng);
    color = color + diffuse*0.5f;
    Vec3fa lightDir = normalize(Vec3fa(-1,-1,-1));

    /* initialize shadow ray */
    Ray shadow(ray.org + ray.tfar*ray.dir, neg(lightDir), 0.001f, inf);

    /* trace shadow ray */
    rtcOccluded1(data.scene,&context,RTCRay_(shadow));
    RayStats_addShadowRay(stats);

    /* add light contribution */
    if (shadow.tfar >= 0.0f) {
      Vec3fa r = normalize(reflect(ray.dir,Ng));
      float s = pow(clamp(dot(r,lightDir),0.0f,1.0f),10.0f);
      float d = clamp(-dot(lightDir,Ng),0.0f,1.0f);
      color = color + diffuse*d + 0.5f*Vec3fa(s);
    }
  }
  return color;
}

void renderPixelWrite(const TutorialData& data,
                      int x, int y,
                      int* pixels,
                      const unsigned int width,
                      const unsigned int height,
                      const float time,
                      const ISPCCamera& camera,
                      RayStats& stats)
{
  /* calculate pixel color */
  Vec3fa color = renderPixel(data,(float)x,(float)y,camera,stats);
  
  /* write color to framebuffer */
  unsigned int r = (unsigned int) (255.0f * clamp(color.x,0.0f,1.0f));
  unsigned int g = (unsigned int) (255.0f * clamp(color.y,0.0f,1.0f));
  unsigned int b = (unsigned int) (255.0f * clamp(color.z,0.0f,1.0f));
  pixels[y*width+x] = (b << 16) + (g << 8) + r;
}

/* task that renders a single screen tile */
void renderTileTask (int taskIndex, int threadIndex, int* pixels,
                         const unsigned int width,
                         const unsigned int height,
                         const float time,
                         const ISPCCamera& camera,
                         const int numTilesX,
                         const int numTilesY)
{
  const unsigned int tileY = taskIndex / numTilesX;
  const unsigned int tileX = taskIndex - tileY * numTilesX;
  const unsigned int x0 = tileX * TILE_SIZE_X;
  const unsigned int x1 = min(x0+TILE_SIZE_X,width);
  const unsigned int y0 = tileY * TILE_SIZE_Y;
  const unsigned int y1 = min(y0+TILE_SIZE_Y,height);

  for (unsigned int y=y0; y<y1; y++) for (unsigned int x=x0; x<x1; x++)
  {
    renderPixelWrite(data,x,y,pixels,width,height,time,camera,g_stats[threadIndex]);
  }
}

extern "C" void renderFrameStandard (int* pixels,
                          const unsigned int width,
                          const unsigned int height,
                          const float time,
                          const ISPCCamera& camera)
{
  const int numTilesX = (width +TILE_SIZE_X-1)/TILE_SIZE_X;
  const int numTilesY = (height+TILE_SIZE_Y-1)/TILE_SIZE_Y;
  parallel_for(size_t(0),size_t(numTilesX*numTilesY),[&](const range<size_t>& range) {
    const int threadIndex = (int)TaskScheduler::threadIndex();
    for (size_t i=range.begin(); i<range.end(); i++)
      renderTileTask((int)i,threadIndex,pixels,width,height,time,camera,numTilesX,numTilesY);
  }); 
}

/* called by the C++ code to render */
extern "C" void device_render (int* pixels,
                           const unsigned int width,
                           const unsigned int height,
                           const float time,
                           const ISPCCamera& camera)
{
#if !defined(FORCE_FIXED_EDGE_TESSELLATION)
  setQuadSubdivCubeLevels (rtcGetGeometry(g_scene, quadCubeID), camera.xfm.p);
  setTriangleSubdivCubeLevels (rtcGetGeometry(g_scene, triCubeID), camera.xfm.p);
#endif

  rtcCommitScene(g_scene);
}

/* called by the C++ code for cleanup */
extern "C" void device_cleanup ()
{
  TutorialData_Destructor(&data);
}

} // namespace embree