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// sphere flake bvh raytracer (c) 2005, thierry berger-perrin <tbptbp@gmail.com>
// this code is released under the GNU Public License.
// Emscripten changes: stdlib.h, some printf stuff, SIZE
#include <cmath> // see http://ompf.org/ray/sphereflake/
#include <iostream> // compile with ie g++ -O2 -ffast-math sphereflake.cc
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#include "emscripten.h"
#define GIMME_SHADOWS // usage: ./sphereflake [lvl=6] >pix.ppm
enum { childs = 9, ss= 2, ss_sqr = ss*ss }; /* not really tweakable anymore */
static const double infinity = 1./0, epsilon = 1e-12;
struct v_t{ double x,y,z;v_t(){}
v_t(const double a,const double b,const double c):x(a),y(b),z(c){}
v_t operator+(const v_t&v)const{return v_t(x+v.x,y+v.y,z+v.z);}
v_t operator-(const v_t&v)const{return v_t(x-v.x,y-v.y,z-v.z);}
v_t operator-()const{return v_t(-x,-y,-z);}
v_t operator*(const double d)const{return v_t(x*d,y*d,z*d);}
v_t cross(const v_t&v)const{return v_t(y*v.z-z*v.y,z*v.x-x*v.z,x*v.y-y*v.x);}
v_t norm()const{return*this*(1./sqrt(magsqr()));}
double dot(const v_t&v)const{return x*v.x+y*v.y+z*v.z;}
double magsqr()const{return dot(*this);}
};
//static const v_t light(v_t(0.5,-.95,1.775).norm()); /*pick one*/
static const v_t light(v_t(-0.5,-.65,.9).norm()); /*fiat lux*/
struct ray_t{
v_t o,d;
ray_t(const v_t&v):o(v){}
ray_t(const v_t&v,const v_t&w):o(v),d(w){}
};
struct hit_t {
v_t n;
double t;
hit_t():n(v_t(0,0,0)),t(infinity){}
};
struct sphere_t{
v_t o;
double r;
sphere_t(){}
sphere_t(const v_t&v,double d):o(v),r(d){}
v_t get_normal(const v_t&v)const{return(v-o)*(1./r);}
double intersect(const ray_t&ray)const{
const v_t v(o-ray.o); const double b=ray.d.dot(v),disc=b*b-v.magsqr()+r*r;
if(disc < 0.)
return infinity; /*branch away from the square root*/
const double d=sqrt(disc), t2=b+d, t1=b-d; /*cond. move*/
if(t2 < 0.)
return infinity;
else
return(t1 > 0.? t1 : t2);
}
};
struct node_t;
static node_t *pool=0, *end=0;
struct node_t { /*a bvh in array form+skip for navigation.*/
sphere_t bound,leaf;
long diff;/*far from optimal*/
node_t(){} node_t(const sphere_t&b,const sphere_t&l,const long jump) :bound(b),leaf(l),diff(jump){}
template<bool shadow> static void intersect(const ray_t &ray,hit_t &hit){
const node_t*p=pool;
while(p < end) {
if(p->bound.intersect(ray)>=hit.t) /*missed bound*/
p+=p->diff; /*skip subtree*/
else{
const double t=p->leaf.intersect(ray);
if(t < hit.t) { /*if hit, update, then break for shadows*/
hit.t=t;
if(shadow) break;
hit.n=p->leaf.get_normal(ray.o+ray.d*t);
}
++p; /*next!*/
}
}
}
};
static double ray_trace(const node_t*const scene,const ray_t&ray) {
hit_t hit;
scene->intersect<false>(ray,hit);// trace primary
const double diffuse = hit.t==infinity ? 0. : -hit.n.dot(light);
#ifdef GIMME_SHADOWS
if (diffuse <= 0.)
return 0.;
const ray_t sray(ray.o+(ray.d*hit.t)+(hit.n*epsilon),-light);
hit_t shit;
scene->intersect<true>(sray,shit);// trace shadow
return shit.t==infinity ? diffuse : 0.;
#else
return diffuse > 0. ? diffuse : 0.;
#endif
}
static const double grid[ss_sqr][2]={ /*our rotated grid*/
{-3/3.,-1/3.},{+1/3.,-3/3.},
{-1/3.,+3/3.},{+3/3.,+1/3.}
};
static void trace_rgss(const int width,const int height) {
const double w=width,h=height,rcp=1/double(ss),scale=256./double(ss_sqr);
ray_t ray(v_t(0,0,-4.5)); /* eye, looking into Z */
v_t rgss[ss_sqr];
for(int i=0;i<ss_sqr;++i) /*precomp.*/ {
rgss[i]=v_t(grid[i][0]*rcp-w/2.,grid[i][1]*rcp-h/2.,0);
}
v_t scan(0,w-1,std::max(w,h)); /*scan line*/
for(int i=height;i;--i) {
int lineMean = 0;
for(int j=width;j;--j) {
double g=0;
for(int idx=0;idx < ss_sqr;++idx){ /*AA*/
ray.d=(scan+rgss[idx]).norm();
g+=ray_trace(pool,ray); /*trace*/
}
lineMean += int(scale*g);
scan.x+=1; /*next pixel*/
}
printf("%d : %d\n", i, lineMean/width);
scan.x=0;scan.y-=1; /*next line*/
}
}
struct basis_t{ /* bogus and compact, exactly what we need */
v_t up,b1,b2;
basis_t(const v_t&v){ const v_t n(v.norm());
if ((n.x*n.x !=1.)&(n.y*n.y !=1.)&(n.z*n.z !=1.)) {/*cough*/
b1=n;
if(n.y*n.y>n.x*n.x) {
if(n.y*n.y>n.z*n.z)
b1.y=-b1.y;
else b1.z=-b1.z;
}
else if(n.z*n.z > n.x*n.x)
b1.z=-b1.z;
else b1.x=-b1.x;
}
else
b1=v_t(n.z,n.x,n.y);/*leaves some cases out,dodge them*/
up=n;
b2=up.cross(b1);
b1=up.cross(b2);
}
};
static node_t *create(node_t*n,const int lvl,int dist,v_t c,v_t d,double r) {
n = 1 + new (n) node_t(sphere_t(c,2.*r),sphere_t(c,r), lvl > 1 ? dist : 1);
if (lvl <= 1)
return n; /*if not at the bottom, recurse a bit more*/
dist=std::max((dist-childs)/childs,1); const basis_t b(d);
const double nr=r*1/3.,daL=2.*M_PI/6.,daU=2.*M_PI/3.; double a=0;
for(int i=0;i<6;++i){ /*lower ring*/
const v_t ndir((d*-.2+b.b1*sin(a)+b.b2*cos(a)).norm()); /*transcendentals?!*/
n=create(n,lvl-1,dist,c+ndir*(r+nr),ndir,nr);
a+=daL;
}
a-=daL/3.;/*tweak*/
for(int i=0;i<3;++i){ /*upper ring*/
const v_t ndir((d*+.6+b.b1*sin(a)+b.b2*cos(a)).norm());
n=create(n,lvl-1,dist,c+ndir*(r+nr),ndir,nr); a+=daU;
}
return n;
}
int main(int argc,char*argv[]){
const int lvl=atoi(argv[1]);
const int size=atoi(argv[2]);
int count=childs, dec=lvl;
while(--dec > 1) count=(count*childs)+childs;
++count;
pool=new node_t[count]; /* raw */
end=pool+count;
create(pool,lvl,count,v_t(0,0,0),v_t(+.25,+1,-.5).norm(),1.); /* cooked */
printf("P2\n%d %d\n%d\n", size, size, size); // std::cout << "P2\n" << size << " " << size << "\n" << size << "\n";
trace_rgss(size, size); /* served */
return 0;
}
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