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<H1>erl_eterm</H1>
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<H3>C LIBRARY</H3>
<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>
erl_eterm
</DIV>

<H3>C LIBRARY SUMMARY</H3>
<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>
Functions for Erlang Term Construction
</DIV>

<H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This module contains functions for creating and manipulating
Erlang terms. 

<P> An Erlang term is represented by a C structure of type
<CODE>ETERM</CODE>. Applications should not reference any fields in this
structure directly, because it may be changed in future releases
to provide faster and more compact term storage. Instead,
applications should us the macros and functions provided. 

<P>The following macros each take a single ETERM pointer as an
argument. They return a non-zero value if the test is true, and 0
otherwise:

<P>
<DL>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_INTEGER(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is an integer.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_UNSIGNED_INTEGER(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is an integer.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_FLOAT(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a floating point number.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_ATOM(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is an atom.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_PID(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a Pid (process identifier).
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_PORT(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a port.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_REF(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a reference.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_TUPLE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a tuple.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_BINARY(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a binary.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_LIST(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a list with zero or more elements.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_EMPTY_LIST(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is an empty list.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ERL_IS_CONS(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
True if <CODE>t</CODE> is a list with at least one element.
</DD>

</DL>

<P>The following macros can be used for retrieving parts of Erlang
terms. None of these do any type checking; results are undefined
if you pass an ETERM* containing the wrong type. For example,
passing a tuple to ERL_ATOM_PTR() will likely result in garbage.


<P>
<DL>

<DT>
<CODE>char *ERL_ATOM_PTR(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
A string representing atom <CODE>t</CODE>.


</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_ATOM_SIZE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The length (in characters) of atom t.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>void *ERL_BIN_PTR(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
A pointer to the contents of <CODE>t</CODE>
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_BIN_SIZE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The length (in bytes) of binary object <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_INT_VALUE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The integer of <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>unsigned int ERL_INT_UVALUE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The unsigned integer value of <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>double ERL_FLOAT_VALUE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The floating point value of <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ETERM *ERL_PID_NODE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The Node in pid <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_PID_NUMBER(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The sequence number in pid <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_PID_SERIAL(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The serial number in pid <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_PID_CREATION(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The creation number in pid <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_PORT_NUMBER(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The sequence number in port <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_PORT_CREATION(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The creation number in port <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ETERM *ERL_PORT_NODE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The node in port <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_REF_NUMBER(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The first part of the reference number in ref <CODE>t</CODE>. Use
only for compatibility.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_REF_NUMBERS(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
Pointer to the array of reference numbers in ref <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_REF_LEN(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The number of used reference numbers in ref <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_REF_CREATION(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The creation number in ref <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>int ERL_TUPLE_SIZE(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The number of elements in tuple <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ETERM *ERL_CONS_HEAD(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
The head element of list <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

<DT>
<CODE>ETERM *ERL_CONS_TAIL(t)</CODE>
</DT>

<DD>
A List representing the tail elements of list <CODE>t</CODE>.
</DD>

</DL>

</DIV>

<H3>EXPORTS</H3>

<P><A NAME="erl_cons/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_cons(head, tail)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *head;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *tail;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function concatenates two Erlang terms, prepending
        <CODE>head</CODE> onto <CODE>tail</CODE> and thereby creating a <CODE>cons</CODE> cell.
         To make a proper list, <CODE>tail</CODE> should always be a
         list or an empty list. Note that NULL is not a valid list.
        
<P><CODE>head</CODE> is the new term to be added.
        
<P><CODE>tail</CODE> is the existing list to which <CODE>head</CODE> will
        be concatenated.
        
<P>The function returns a new list.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_CONS_HEAD(list)</CODE> and <CODE>ERL_CONS_TAIL(list)</CODE>
        can be used to retrieve the head and tail components
        from the list. <CODE>erl_hd(list)</CODE> and <CODE>erl_tl(list)</CODE> will do
        the same thing, but check that the argument really is a list.
        
<P>For example:
        
<PRE>
ETERM *list,*anAtom,*anInt;
anAtom = erl_mk_atom(&#34;madonna&#34;);
anInt  = erl_mk_int(21);
list   = erl_mk_empty_list();
list   = erl_cons(anAtom, list);
list   = erl_cons(anInt, list);
 ... /* do some work */
erl_free_compound(list);
        
</PRE>

</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_copy_term/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_copy_term(term)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *term;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates and returns a copy of the Erlang term 
         <CODE>term</CODE>.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_element/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_element(position, tuple)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>int position;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *tuple;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function extracts a specified element from an Erlang
        tuple. 
        
<P><CODE>position</CODE> specifies which element to retrieve from
        <CODE>tuple</CODE>. The elements are numbered starting from 1.
        
<P><CODE>tuple</CODE> is an Erlang term containing at least
        <CODE>position</CODE> elements.
        
<P>The function returns a new Erlang term corresponding to the
        requested element, or NULL if <CODE>position</CODE> was greater than
        the arity of <CODE>tuple</CODE>.

</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_init/2"><STRONG><CODE>void erl_init(NULL, 0)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>void *NULL;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>int 0;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>
<A NAME="erl_init"><!-- Empty --></A>
<P>This function must be called before any of the others in 
        the <CODE>erl_interface</CODE> library in order to initialize the
        library functions. The arguments must be specified as 
        <CODE>erl_init(NULL,0)</CODE>.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_hd/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_hd(list)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *list;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Extracts the first element from a list.
        
<P><CODE>list</CODE> is an Erlang term containing a list.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang term corresponding to the
        head element in the list, or a NULL pointer if <CODE>list</CODE> was
        not a list.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_iolist_to_binary/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_iolist_to_binary(term)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *list;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function converts an IO list to a binary term.
        
<P><CODE>list</CODE> is an Erlang term containing a list.
        
<P>This function an Erlang binary term, or NULL if <CODE>list</CODE>
        was not an IO list. 
        
<P>Informally, an IO list is a deep list of characters and
        binaries which can be sent to an Erlang port. In BNF, an IO
        list is formally defined as follows: 
        
<PRE>
iolist ::= []
        |   Binary
        |   [iohead | iolist]
        ;
iohead ::= Binary
        |   Byte (integer in the range [0..255])
        |   iolist
        ;
        
</PRE>

</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_iolist_to_string/1"><STRONG><CODE>char *erl_iolist_to_string(list)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *list;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function converts an IO list to a '\0' terminated C
        string. 
        
<P><CODE>list</CODE> is an Erlang term containing an IO list. The IO
        list must not contain the integer 0, since C strings may not
        contain this value except as a terminating marker.
        
<P>This function returns a pointer to a dynamically allocated
        buffer containing a string. If <CODE>list</CODE> is not an IO list,
        or if <CODE>list</CODE> contains the integer 0, NULL is returned. It
        is the caller's responsibility free the allocated buffer
        with <CODE>erl_free()</CODE>. 
        
<P>Refer to <CODE>erl_iolist_to_binary()</CODE> for the definition of an
        IO list. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_iolist_length/1"><STRONG><CODE>int erl_iolist_length(list)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *list;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Returns the length of an IO list.

        
<P><CODE>list</CODE> is an Erlang term containing an IO list. 
        
<P>The function returns the length of <CODE>list</CODE>, or -1 if
        <CODE>list</CODE> is not an IO list.
        
<P>Refer to <CODE>erl_iolist_to_binary()</CODE> for the definition of
        an IO list. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_length/1"><STRONG><CODE>int erl_length(list)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *list;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Determines the length of a proper list.
        
<P><CODE>list</CODE> is an Erlang term containing proper list. In a
        proper list, all tails except the last point to another list
        cell, and the last tail points to an empty list.
        
<P>Returns -1 if <CODE>list</CODE> is not a proper list.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_atom/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_atom(string)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>char *string;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Creates an atom.
        
<P><CODE>string</CODE> is the sequence of characters that will be
        used to create the atom.
        
<P>Returns an Erlang term containing an atom. Note that it is
        the callers responsibility to make sure that <CODE>string</CODE>
        contains a valid name for an atom.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_ATOM_PTR(atom)</CODE> can be used to retrieve the 
        atom name (as a string). Note that the string is not
        0-terminated in the atom. <CODE>ERL_ATOM_SIZE(atom)</CODE>returns
        the length of the atom name.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_binary/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_binary(bptr, size)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>char *bptr;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>int size;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function produces an Erlang binary object from a
        buffer containing a sequence of bytes.
        
<P><CODE>bptr</CODE> is a pointer to a buffer containg data to be converted.
        
<P><CODE>size</CODE> indicates the length of <CODE>bptr</CODE>.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang binary object.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_BIN_PTR(bin)</CODE> retrieves a pointer to
        the binary data. <CODE>ERL_BIN_SIZE(bin)</CODE> retrieves the 
        size. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_empty_list/0"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_empty_list()</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates and returns an empty Erlang list.
        Note that NULL is not used to represent an empty list;
        Use this function instead.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_estring/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_estring(string, len)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>char *string;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>int len;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates a list from a sequence of bytes.
        
<P><CODE>string</CODE> is a buffer containing a sequence of
        bytes. The buffer does not need to be zero-terminated.
        
<P><CODE>len</CODE> is the length of <CODE>string</CODE>.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang list object corresponding to
        the character sequence in <CODE>string</CODE>.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_float/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_float(f)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>double f;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Creates an Erlang float.
        
<P><CODE>f</CODE> is a value to be converted to an Erlang float.
        
<P>
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang float object with the value
        specified in <CODE>f</CODE>.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_FLOAT_VALUE(t)</CODE> can be used to retrieve the
        value from an Erlang float.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_int/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_int(n)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE> int n;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Creates an Erlang integer.
        
<P><CODE>n</CODE> is a value to be converted to an Erlang integer.
        
<P>
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang integer object with the
        value specified in <CODE>n</CODE>.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_INT_VALUE(t)</CODE> can be used to retrieve the value 
        value from an Erlang integer.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_list/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_list(array, arrsize)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM **array;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>int arrsize;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Creates an Erlang list from an array of Erlang terms, such
        that each element in the list corresponds to one element in
        the array. 
        
<P><CODE>array</CODE> is an array of Erlang terms.
        
<P><CODE>arrsize</CODE> is the number of elements in <CODE>array</CODE>.
        
<P>The function creates an Erlang list object, whose length
        <CODE>arrsize</CODE> and whose elements are taken from the terms in
        <CODE>array</CODE>.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_pid/4"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_pid(node, number, serial, creation)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>const char *node;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int number;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int serial;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int creation;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates an Erlang process identifier. The
        resulting pid can be used by Erlang processes wishing to
        communicate with the C node.
        
<P><CODE>node</CODE> is the name of the C node.
        
<P><CODE>number</CODE>, <CODE>serial</CODE> and <CODE>creation</CODE> are
        arbitrary numbers. Note though, that these are limited in
        precision, so only the low 15, 3 and 2 bits of these numbers
        are actually used.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang pid object.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_PID_NODE(pid)</CODE>, <CODE>ERL_PID_NUMBER(pid)</CODE>,
        <CODE>ERL_PID_SERIAL(pid)</CODE> and <CODE>ERL_PID_CREATION(pid)</CODE>
        can be used to retrieve the four values used to create the pid.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_port/3"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_port(node, number, creation)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>const char *node;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int number;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int creation;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates an Erlang port identifier. 
        
<P><CODE>node</CODE> is the name of the C node.
        
<P><CODE>number</CODE> and <CODE>creation</CODE> are arbitrary numbers.
        Note though, that these are limited in
        precision, so only the low 18 and 2 bits of these numbers
        are actually used.      
<P>The function returns an Erlang port object.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_PORT_NODE(port)</CODE>, <CODE>ERL_PORT_NUMBER(port)</CODE>
        and <CODE>ERL_PORT_CREATION</CODE> can be used to retrieve the three
        values used to create the port. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_ref/3"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_ref(node, number, creation)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>const char *node;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int number;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int creation;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates an old Erlang reference, with
        only 18 bits - use <CODE>erl_mk_long_ref</CODE> instead.
        
<P><CODE>node</CODE> is the name of the C node.
        
<P><CODE>number</CODE> should be chosen uniquely for each reference
        created for a given C node.
        
<P><CODE>creation</CODE> is an arbitrary number.
        
<P>Note that <CODE>number</CODE> and <CODE>creation</CODE> are limited in
        precision, so only the low 18 and 2 bits of these numbers
        are actually used.

        
<P>The function returns an Erlang reference object.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_REF_NODE(ref)</CODE>, <CODE>ERL_REF_NUMBER(ref)</CODE>, and
        <CODE>ERL_REF_CREATION(ref)</CODE> to retrieve the three values used
        to create the reference. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_long_ref/5"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_long_ref(node, n1, n2, n3, creation)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>const char *node;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int n1, n2, n3;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int creation;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates an Erlang reference, with 82 bits.
        
<P><CODE>node</CODE> is the name of the C node.
        
<P><CODE>n1</CODE>, <CODE>n2</CODE> and <CODE>n3</CODE> can be seen as one big number
        <CODE>n1*2^64+n2*2^32+n3</CODE> which should be chosen uniquely for
        each reference
        created for a given C node.
        
<P><CODE>creation</CODE> is an arbitrary number.
        
<P>Note that <CODE>n3</CODE> and <CODE>creation</CODE> are limited in
        precision, so only the low 18 and 2 bits of these numbers
        are actually used.

        
<P>The function returns an Erlang reference object.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_REF_NODE(ref)</CODE>, <CODE>ERL_REF_NUMBERS(ref)</CODE>,
        <CODE>ERL_REF_LEN(ref)</CODE> and
        <CODE>ERL_REF_CREATION(ref)</CODE> to retrieve the values used
        to create the reference. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_string/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_string(string)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>char *string;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates a list from a zero terminated string.
        
<P><CODE>string</CODE> is the zero-terminated sequence of characters
        (i.e. a C string) from which the list will be created.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang list.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_tuple/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_tuple(array, arrsize)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM **array;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>int arrsize;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Creates an Erlang tuple from an array of Erlang terms.
        
<P><CODE>array</CODE> is an array of Erlang terms.
        
<P><CODE>arrsize</CODE> is the number of elements in <CODE>array</CODE>.
        
<P>The function creates an Erlang tuple, whose arity is
        <CODE>size</CODE> and whose elements are taken from the terms in
        <CODE>array</CODE>.
        
<P>To retrieve the size of a tuple, either use the
        <CODE>erl_size</CODE> function (which checks the type of the checked
        term and works for a binary as well as for a tuple), or the

        <CODE>ERL_TUPLE_SIZE(tuple)</CODE> returns the arity of a tuple.
        <CODE>erl_size()</CODE> will do the same thing, but it checks that
        the argument really is a tuple.
        <CODE>erl_element(index,tuple)</CODE> returns the element
        corresponding to a given position in the tuple. 
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_uint/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_uint(n)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned int n;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Creates an Erlang unsigned integer.
        
<P><CODE>n</CODE> is a value to be converted to an Erlang
        unsigned integer.
        
<P>
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang unsigned integer object with
        the value specified in <CODE>n</CODE>.
        
<P><CODE>ERL_INT_UVALUE(t)</CODE> can be used to retrieve the
        value from an Erlang unsigned integer.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_mk_var/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_mk_var(name)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>char *name;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function creates an unbound Erlang variable. The
        variable can later be bound through pattern matching or assignment.
        
<P><CODE>name</CODE> specifies a name for the variable.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang variable object with the
        name <CODE>name</CODE>. 

</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_print_term/2"><STRONG><CODE>int erl_print_term(stream, term)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>FILE *stream;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *term;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function prints the specified Erlang term to the given
        output stream.
        
<P><CODE>stream</CODE> indicates where the function should send its
        output.
        
<P><CODE>term</CODE> is the Erlang term to print.
        
<P>The function returns the number of characters written, or a
        negative value if there was an error.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_set_compat_rel/1"><STRONG><CODE>void erl_set_compat_rel(release_number)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>unsigned release_number;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>
<A NAME="erl_set_compat_rel"><!-- Empty --></A>
<P>By default, the <CODE>erl_interface</CODE> library is only guaranteed
        to be compatible with other Erlang/OTP components from the same
        release as the <CODE>erl_interface</CODE> library itself. For example,
        <CODE>erl_interface</CODE> from the OTP R10 release is not compatible
        with an Erlang emulator from the OTP R9 release by default.
        
<P>     A call to <CODE>erl_set_compat_rel(release_number)</CODE> sets the
        <CODE>erl_interface</CODE> library in compatibility mode of release
        <CODE>release_number</CODE>. Valid range of <CODE>release_number</CODE>
        is [7, current release]. This makes it possible to
        communicate with Erlang/OTP components from earlier releases.
        
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=4>
  <TR>
    <TD VALIGN=TOP><IMG ALT="Note!" SRC="note.gif"></TD>
    <TD>

<P>If this function is called, it may only be called once
        directly after the call to the
        <A HREF="#erl_init">erl_init()</A> function.
            </TD>
  </TR>
</TABLE>

<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=4>
  <TR>
    <TD VALIGN=TOP><IMG ALT="Warning!" SRC="warning.gif"></TD>
    <TD>

<P>You may run into trouble if this feature is used
        carelessly. Always make sure that all communicating
        components are either from the same Erlang/OTP release, or
        from release X and release Y where all components
        from release Y are in compatibility mode of release X.
            </TD>
  </TR>
</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_size/1"><STRONG><CODE>int erl_size(term)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *term;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Returns the arity of an Erlang tuple, or the
number of bytes in an Erlang binary object. 

<P><CODE>term</CODE> is an Erlang tuple or an Erlang binary object.

<P>The function returns the size of <CODE>term</CODE> as described
above, or -1 if <CODE>term</CODE> is not one of the two supported
types. 

</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_tl/1"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_tl(list)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *list;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>Extracts the tail from a list.
        
<P><CODE>list</CODE> is an Erlang term containing a list.
        
<P>The function returns an Erlang list corresponding to the
        original list minus the first element, or NULL pointer if
        <CODE>list</CODE> was not a list.
        
</DIV>

<P><A NAME="erl_var_content/2"><STRONG><CODE>ETERM *erl_var_content(term, name)</CODE></STRONG></A><BR>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY><P>Types:
  <DIV CLASS=REFTYPES>
<P>
<STRONG><CODE>ETERM *term;</CODE></STRONG><BR>
<STRONG><CODE>char *name;</CODE></STRONG><BR>

  </DIV>
</DIV>

<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>

<P>This function returns the contents of the specified
        variable in an Erlang term. 

        
<P><CODE>term</CODE> is an Erlang term. In order for this function
        to succeed, <CODE>term</CODE> must be an Erlang variable with the
        specified name, or it must be an Erlang list or tuple
        containing a variable with the specified name. Other Erlang
        types cannot contain variables.
        
<P><CODE>name</CODE> is the name of an Erlang variable.
        
<P>Returns the Erlang object corresponding to the value of
        <CODE>name</CODE> in <CODE>term</CODE>. If no variable with the name
        <CODE>name</CODE> was found in <CODE>term</CODE>, or if <CODE>term</CODE> is
        not a valid Erlang term, NULL is returned.
        
</DIV>

<H3>AUTHORS</H3>
<DIV CLASS=REFBODY>
T.Trnkvist - support@erlang.ericsson.se<BR>
Gordon Beaton - support@erlang.ericsson.se<BR>

</DIV>
<CENTER>
<HR>
<SMALL>erl_interface 3.5.5.2<BR>
Copyright &copy; 1991-2006
<A HREF="http://www.erlang.se">Ericsson AB</A><BR>
</SMALL>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
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