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Format strings for the printf family of functions must follow the specification
in the documentation for [java.util.Formatter][formatter].
[formatter]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Formatter.html
The syntax for format specifiers is:
```
%[argument_index$][flags][width][.precision]conversion
```
Format strings can have the following errors:
## DuplicateFormatFlags
Duplicate flags are provided in the format specifier:
```java
String.format("e = %++10.4f", Math.E);
```
## FormatFlagsConversionMismatch
A conversion and flag are incompatible:
```java
String.format("%#b", Math.E);
```
## IllegalFormatCodePoint
The argument is a character with an invalid Unicode code point.
```java
String.format("%c", 0x110000);
```
## IllegalFormatConversion
The argument corresponding to the format specifier is of an incompatible type:
```java
String.format("%f", "abcd");
```
## IllegalFormatFlags
An illegal combination of flags is given:
```java
String.format("%-010d", 5);
```
## IllegalFormatPrecision
The conversion does not support a precision:
```java
String.format("%.c", 'c');
```
## IllegalFormatWidth
The conversion does not support a width:
```java
String.format("%1n");
```
## MissingFormatArgument
There is a format specifier which does not have a corresponding argument or if
an argument index refers to an argument that does not exist:
```java
String.format("%<s", "test");
```
## MissingFormatWidth
The format width is required:
```java
String.format("e = %-f", Math.E);
```
## UnknownFormatConversion
An unknown conversion is given:
```java
String.format("%r", "hello");
```
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