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<!--$Id: reftoc.html,v 1.1.1.1 2003/11/20 22:14:08 toshok Exp $-->
<html>
<head>
<title>Berkeley DB Tutorial and Reference Guide (Version: 4.1.25)</title>
<meta name="description" content="Berkeley DB: An embedded database programmatic toolkit.">
<meta name="keywords" content="embedded,database,programmatic,toolkit,b+tree,btree,hash,hashing,transaction,transactions,locking,logging,access method,access methods,java,C,C++">
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
<center>
<h1><b>Berkeley DB Tutorial and Reference Guide, Version 4.1.25</b></h1>
</center>
<ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="intro">Introduction</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/intro/data.html">An introduction to data management</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/terrain.html">Mapping the terrain: theory and practice</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/dbis.html">What is Berkeley DB?</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/dbisnot.html">What Berkeley DB is not</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/need.html">Do you need Berkeley DB?</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/what.html">What other services does Berkeley DB provide?</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/distrib.html">What does the Berkeley DB distribution include?</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/where.html">Where does Berkeley DB run?</a>
<li><a href="ref/intro/products.html">Sleepycat Software's Berkeley DB products</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="simple_tut">A Simple Access Method Tutorial</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/keydata.html">Key/data pairs</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/handles.html">Object handles</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/errors.html">Error returns</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/open.html">Opening a database</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/put.html">Adding elements to a database</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/get.html">Retrieving elements from a database</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/del.html">Removing elements from a database</a>
<li><a href="ref/simple_tut/close.html">Closing a database</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="am_conf">Access Method Configuration</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/intro.html">What are the available access methods?</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/select.html">Selecting an access method</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/logrec.html">Logical record numbers</a>
<li>General access method configuration
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/pagesize.html">Selecting a page size</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/cachesize.html">Selecting a cache size</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/byteorder.html">Selecting a byte order</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/dup.html">Duplicate data items</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/malloc.html">Non-local memory allocation</a>
</ol>
<li>Btree access method specific configuration
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/bt_compare.html">Btree comparison</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/bt_prefix.html">Btree prefix comparison</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/bt_minkey.html">Minimum keys per page</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/bt_recnum.html">
Retrieving Btree records by logical record number</a>
</ol>
<li>Hash access method specific configuration
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/h_ffactor.html">Page fill factor</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/h_hash.html">Specifying a database hash</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/h_nelem.html">Hash table size</a>
</ol>
<li>Queue and Recno access method specific configuration
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/recno.html">Managing record-based databases</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/extentsize.html">Selecting a Queue extent size</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/re_source.html">Flat-text backing files</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_conf/renumber.html">Logically renumbering records</a>
</ol>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="am">Access Method Operations</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am/ops.html">Access method operations</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/open.html">Database open</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/opensub.html">Opening multiple databases in a single file</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/get.html">Retrieving records</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/put.html">Storing records</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/delete.html">Deleting records</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/stat.html">Database statistics</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/truncate.html">Database truncation</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/upgrade.html">Database upgrade</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/verify.html">Database verification and salvage</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/sync.html">Flushing the database cache</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/close.html">Database close</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/second.html">Secondary indices</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/cursor.html">Cursor operations</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am/curget.html">Retrieving records with a cursor</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/curput.html">Storing records with a cursor</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/curdel.html">Deleting records with a cursor</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/curdup.html">Duplicating a cursor</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/join.html">Equality join</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/count.html">Data item count</a>
<li><a href="ref/am/curclose.html">Cursor close</a>
</ol>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="am_misc">Access Method Wrapup</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/align.html">Data alignment</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/get_bulk.html">Retrieving records in bulk</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/partial.html">Partial record storage and retrieval</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/struct.html">Storing C/C++ structures/objects</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/perm.html">Retrieved key/data permanence for C/C++</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/error.html">Error support</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/stability.html">Cursor stability</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/dbsizes.html">Database limits</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/diskspace.html">Disk space requirements</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/tune.html">Access method tuning</a>
<li><a href="ref/am_misc/faq.html">Access method FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="arch">Berkeley DB Architecture</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/arch/bigpic.html">The big picture</a>
<li><a href="ref/arch/progmodel.html">Programming model</a>
<li><a href="ref/arch/apis.html">Programmatic APIs</a>
<li><a href="ref/arch/script.html">Scripting languages</a>
<li><a href="ref/arch/utilities.html">Supporting utilities</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="env">The Berkeley DB Environment</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/env/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/create.html">Creating a database environment</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/open.html">Opening databases within the environment</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/error.html">Error support</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/db_config.html">DB_CONFIG configuration file</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/naming.html">File naming</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/region.html">Shared memory regions</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/security.html">Security</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/encrypt.html">Encryption</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/remote.html">Remote filesystems</a>
<li><a href="ref/env/faq.html">Environment FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="cam">Berkeley DB Concurrent Data Store Applications</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/cam/intro.html">Berkeley DB Concurrent Data Store applications</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="transapp">Berkeley DB Transactional Data Store Applications</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/intro.html">Berkeley DB Transactional Data Store applications</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/why.html">Why transactions?</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/term.html">Terminology</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/app.html">Application structure</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/env_open.html">Opening the environment</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/data_open.html">Opening the databases</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/put.html">Recoverability and deadlock handling</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/atomicity.html">Atomicity</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/inc.html">Isolation</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/read.html">Degrees of isolation</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/cursor.html">Transactional cursors</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/nested.html">Nested transactions</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/admin.html">Environment infrastructure</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/deadlock.html">Deadlock detection</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/checkpoint.html">Checkpoints</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/archival.html">Database and log file archival</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/logfile.html">Log file removal</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/recovery.html">Recovery procedures</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/hotfail.html">Hot failover</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/filesys.html">Recovery and filesystem operations</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/reclimit.html">Berkeley DB recoverability</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/tune.html">Transaction tuning</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/throughput.html">Transaction throughput</a>
<li><a href="ref/transapp/faq.html">Transaction FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="transapp">Berkeley DB Replication</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/rep/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/id.html">Replication environment IDs</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/pri.html">Replication environment priorities</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/app.html">Building replicated applications</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/comm.html">Building the communications infrastructure</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/newsite.html">Connecting to a new site</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/init.html">Initializing a new site</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/elect.html">Elections</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/logonly.html">Log file only clients</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/trans.html">Transactional guarantees</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/partition.html">Network partitions</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/faq.html">Replication FAQ</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/ex.html">Ex_repquote: a replication example</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/ex_comm.html">Ex_repquote: a TCP/IP based communication infrastructure</a>
<li><a href="ref/rep/ex_rq.html">Ex_repquote: putting it all together</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="xa">Distributed Transactions</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/xa/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/xa/build.html">Building a Global Transaction Manager</a>
<li><a href="ref/xa/xa_intro.html">XA Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/xa/xa_config.html">Configuring Berkeley DB with the Tuxedo System</a>
<li><a href="ref/xa/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="apprec">Application Specific Logging and Recovery</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/apprec/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/apprec/def.html">Defining application-specific log records</a>
<li><a href="ref/apprec/auto.html">Automatically generated functions</a>
<li><a href="ref/apprec/config.html">Application configuration</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="program">Programmer Notes</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/program/appsignals.html">Signal handling</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/errorret.html">Error returns to applications</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/environ.html">Environmental variables</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/mt.html">Multithreaded applications</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/scope.html">Berkeley DB handles</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/namespace.html">Name spaces</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/cache.html">Disk drive caches</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/copy.html">Copying databases</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/compatible.html">Compatibility with historic UNIX interfaces</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/runtime.html">Run-time configuration</a>
<li><a href="ref/program/faq.html">Programmer notes FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="lock">The Locking Subsystem</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/lock/intro.html">Berkeley DB and locking</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/config.html">Configuring locking</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/max.html">Configuring locking: sizing the system</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/stdmode.html">Standard lock modes</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/dead.html">Deadlock detection</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/timeout.html">Deadlock detection using timers</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/deaddbg.html">Deadlock debugging</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/page.html">Locking granularity</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/notxn.html">Locking without transactions</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/twopl.html">Locking with transactions: two-phase locking</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/cam_conv.html">Berkeley DB Concurrent Data Store locking conventions</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/am_conv.html">Berkeley DB Transactional Data Store locking conventions</a>
<li><a href="ref/lock/nondb.html">Locking and non-Berkeley DB applications</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="log">The Logging Subsystem</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/log/intro.html">Berkeley DB and logging</a>
<li><a href="ref/log/config.html">Configuring logging</a>
<li><a href="ref/log/limits.html">Log file limits</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="mp">The Memory Pool Subsystem</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/mp/intro.html">Berkeley DB and the memory pool</a>
<li><a href="ref/mp/config.html">Configuring the memory pool</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="txn">The Transaction Subsystem</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/txn/intro.html">Berkeley DB and transactions</a>
<li><a href="ref/txn/config.html">Configuring transactions</a>
<li><a href="ref/txn/limits.html">Transaction limits</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="rpc">RPC Client/Server</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/rpc/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/rpc/client.html">Client program</a>
<li><a href="ref/rpc/server.html">Server program</a>
<li><a href="ref/rpc/faq.html">RPC FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="java">Java API</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/java/conf.html">Java configuration</a>
<li><a href="ref/java/compat.html">Compatibility</a>
<li><a href="ref/java/program.html">Java programming notes</a>
<li><a href="ref/java/faq.html">Java FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="perl">Perl API</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/perl/intro.html">Using Berkeley DB with Perl</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="tcl">Tcl API</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/tcl/intro.html">Loading Berkeley DB with Tcl</a>
<li><a href="ref/tcl/using.html">Using Berkeley DB with Tcl</a>
<li><a href="ref/tcl/program.html">Tcl API programming notes</a>
<li><a href="ref/tcl/error.html">Tcl error handling</a>
<li><a href="ref/tcl/faq.html">Tcl FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="sendmail">Sendmail</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/sendmail/intro.html">Using Berkeley DB with Sendmail</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="dumpload">Dumping and Reloading Databases</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/dumpload/utility.html">The db_dump and db_load utilities</a>
<li><a href="ref/dumpload/format.html">Dump output formats</a>
<li><a href="ref/dumpload/text.html">Loading text into databases</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="install">System Installation Notes</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/install/file.html">File utility /etc/magic information</a>
<li><a href="ref/install/multiple.html">Building with multiple versions of Berkeley DB</a>
<li><a href="ref/install/rpm.html">Building RPM distribution packages</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="debug">Debugging Applications</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/debug/intro.html">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="ref/debug/compile.html">Compile-time configuration</a>
<li><a href="ref/debug/runtime.html">Run-time error information</a>
<li><a href="ref/debug/printlog.html">Reviewing Berkeley DB log files</a>
<li><a href="ref/debug/common.html">Common errors</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="build_unix">Berkeley DB for UNIX/POSIX systems</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/intro.html">Building for UNIX</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/conf.html">Configuring Berkeley DB</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/flags.html">Changing compile or load options</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/install.html">Installing Berkeley DB</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/shlib.html">Dynamic shared libraries</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/test.html">Running the test suite under UNIX</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_unix/notes.html">Architecture independent FAQ</a>
<li>Architecture specific FAQs:<br>
<a href="ref/build_unix/aix.html">AIX</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/embedix.html">Embedix</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/freebsd.html">FreeBSD</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/hpux.html">HP-UX</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/irix.html">IRIX</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/linux.html">Linux</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/macosx.html">Mac OS X</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/osf1.html">OSF/1</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/qnx.html">QNX</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/sco.html">SCO</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/solaris.html">Solaris</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/sunos.html">SunOS</a>,
<a href="ref/build_unix/ultrix.html">Ultrix</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="build_win">Berkeley DB for Win32 platforms</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/build_win/intro.html">Building for Win32</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_win/test.html">Running the test suite under Windows</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_win/notes.html">Windows notes</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_win/faq.html">Windows FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="build_vxworks">Berkeley DB for VxWorks systems</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/build_vxworks/intro.html">Building for VxWorks 5.4</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_vxworks/introae.html">Building for VxWorks AE</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_vxworks/notes.html">VxWorks notes</a>
<li><a href="ref/build_vxworks/faq.html">VxWorks FAQ</a>
</ol>
<font size="+1"><li><a name="upgrade">Upgrading Berkeley DB Applications</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade/version.html">Library version information</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade/process.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB installations</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.2.0/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 1.XX applications to Berkeley DB 2.0</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.3.0/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 2.X.X applications to Berkeley DB 3.0</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.3.1/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 3.0.X applications to Berkeley DB 3.1</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.3.2/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 3.1.X applications to Berkeley DB 3.2</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.3.3/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 3.2.X applications to Berkeley DB 3.3</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.4.0/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 3.3.X applications to Berkeley DB 4.0</a>
<li><a href="ref/upgrade.4.1/toc.html">
Upgrading Berkeley DB 4.0.X applications to Berkeley DB 4.1</a>
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<font size="+1"><li><a name="test">Test Suite</a></font>
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<li><a href="ref/test/run.html">Running the test suite</a>
<li><a href="ref/test/faq.html">Test suite FAQ</a>
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<font size="+1"><li><a name="distrib">Distribution</a></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="ref/distrib/port.html">Porting Berkeley DB to new architectures</a>
<li><a href="ref/distrib/layout.html">Source code layout</a>
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<font size="+1"><li><a name="refs">Additional References</a></font>
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<li><a href="ref/refs/refs.html">Additional references</a>
</ol>
</ol>
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